Asus KCMA D8 User Manual

KCMA-D8  
Contents  
iii  
 
Contents  
iv  
Contents  
v
Contents  
vi  
Notices  
Federal Communications Commission Statement  
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the  
following two conditions:  
This device may not cause harmful interference, and  
This device must accept any interference received including interference that  
may cause undesired operation.  
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class  
B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed  
to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential  
installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy  
and, if not installed and used in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions, may  
cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee  
that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does  
cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined  
by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the  
interference by one or more of the following measures:  
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.  
Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.  
Connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the  
receiver is connected.  
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.  
The use of shielded cables for connection of the monitor to the graphics card is  
required to assure compliance with FCC regulations. Changes or modifications  
to this unit not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could  
void the user’s authority to operate this equipment.  
Canadian Department of Communications Statement  
This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise emissions  
from digital apparatus set out in the Radio Interference Regulations of the  
Canadian Department of Communications.  
This class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.  
REACH  
Complying with the REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction  
of Chemicals) regulatory framework, we publish the chemical substances in our  
products at ASUS REACH website at http://csr.asus.com/english/REACH.htm.  
vii  
 
Safety information  
Electrical safety  
To prevent electrical shock hazard, disconnect the power cable from the  
electrical outlet before relocating the system.  
When adding or removing devices to or from the system, ensure that the  
power cables for the devices are unplugged before the signal cables are  
connected. If possible, disconnect all power cables from the existing system  
before you add a device.  
Before connecting or removing signal cables from the motherboard, ensure  
that all power cables are unplugged.  
Seek professional assistance before using an adapter or extension cord.  
These devices could interrupt the grounding circuit.  
Make sure that your power supply is set to the correct voltage in your area.  
If you are not sure about the voltage of the electrical outlet you are using,  
contact your local power company.  
If the power supply is broken, do not try to fix it by yourself. Contact a  
qualified service technician or your retailer.  
Operation safety  
Before installing the motherboard and adding devices on it, carefully read all  
the manuals that came with the package.  
Before using the product, make sure all cables are correctly connected and the  
power cables are not damaged. If you detect any damage, contact your dealer  
immediately.  
To avoid short circuits, keep paper clips, screws, and staples away from  
connectors, slots, sockets and circuitry.  
Avoid dust, humidity, and temperature extremes. Do not place the product in  
any area where it may become wet.  
Place the product on a stable surface.  
If you encounter technical problems with the product, contact a qualified  
service technician or your retailer.  
DO NOT throw the motherboard in municipal waste. This product has been  
designed to enable proper reuse of parts and recycling. This symbol of the  
crossed out wheeled bin indicates that the product (electrical and electronic  
equipment) should not be placed in municipal waste. Check local regulations for  
disposal of electronic products.  
DO NOT throw the mercury-containing button cell battery in municipal waste.  
This symbol of the crossed out wheeled bin indicates that the battery should not  
be placed in municipal waste.  
viii  
 
About this guide  
This user guide contains the information you need when installing and configuring  
the motherboard.  
How this guide is organized  
This user guide contains the following parts:  
Chapter 1: Product introduction  
This chapter describes the features of the motherboard and the new  
technologies it supports.  
Chapter 2: Hardware information  
This chapter lists the hardware setup procedures that you have to perform  
when installing system components. It includes description of the switches,  
jumpers, and connectors on the motherboard.  
Chapter 3: Powering up  
This chapter describes the power up sequence and ways of shutting down  
the system.  
Chapter 4: BIOS setup  
This chapter tells how to change system settings through the BIOS Setup  
menus. Detailed descriptions of the BIOS parameters are also provided.  
Chapter 5: RAID configuration  
This chapter provides instructions for setting up, creating, and configuring  
RAID sets using the available utilities.  
Chapter 6: Driver installation  
This chapter provides instructions for installing the necessary drivers for  
different system components.  
Appendix: Reference information  
This appendix includes additional information that you may refer to when  
configuring the motherboard.  
Where to find more information  
Refer to the following sources for additional information and for product and  
software updates.  
1.  
2.  
ASUS websites  
The ASUS website provides updated information on ASUS hardware and  
software products. Refer to the ASUS contact information.  
Optional documentation  
Your product package may include optional documentation, such as warranty  
flyers, that may have been added by your dealer. These documents are not  
part of the standard package.  
ix  
 
Conventions used in this guide  
To make sure that you perform certain tasks properly, take note of the following  
symbols used throughout this manual.  
DANGER/WARNING: Information to prevent injury to yourself  
when trying to complete a task.  
CAUTION: Information to prevent damage to the components  
when trying to complete a task.  
IMPORTANT: Instructions that you MUST follow to complete a  
task.  
NOTE: Tips and additional information to help you complete a  
task.  
Typography  
Bold text  
Indicates a menu or an item to select.  
Italics  
<Key>  
Used to emphasize a word or a phrase.  
Keys enclosed in the less-than and greater-  
than sign means that you must press the  
enclosed key.  
Example: <Enter> means that you must press  
the Enter or Return key.  
<Key1+Key2+Key3>  
If you must press two or more keys  
simultaneously, the key names are linked with  
a plus sign (+).  
Example: <Ctrl+Alt+Del>  
Command  
Means that you must type the command  
exactly as shown, then supply the required  
item or value enclosed in brackets.  
Example: At the DOS prompt, type the  
format A:/S  
command line:  
x
KCMA-D8 specifications summary  
Processor Support / System Bus 2 x socket C32 (LGA 1207)  
4/6 Core AMD® Opteron4100 Series  
HyperTransport™ Technology 3.0,  
6.4 GT/s per link (dual link)  
Core Logic  
AMD® SR5670  
AMD® SP5100  
Form Factor  
12” x 10”  
V
ASUS Features Fan Speed  
Control  
Rack Ready  
(Rack and  
Pedestal dual  
use)  
V
ASWM 2.0  
V
Memory  
Total Slots  
Capacity  
8 (2-channel per CPU)  
Maximum up to 128GB (RDIMM)  
Maximum up to 32GB (UDIMM)  
Memory Type  
Memory Size  
DDR3 800/1066/1333 UDIMM with ECC / non ECC  
DDR3 800/1066/1333 RDIMM  
1GB, 2GB, 4GB, 8GB, 16GB (RDIMM)  
1GB, 2GB, 4GB (UDIMM)  
Expansion  
Slots  
Total PCI/PCI-X/  
PCI-E Slots  
6
(follow SSI  
Location #)  
Slot Location 1 1 x PCI 32bit/33 MHz  
Slot Location 2 1 x PCI-E x8 (Gen2 x4 Link)  
(Auto turn off if PIKE slot is occupied, MIO supported)  
Slot Location 3 1 x PCI 32bit/33 MHz  
Slot Location 4 1 x PCI-E x16 (Gen2 x8 Link)  
Slot Location 5 1 x PCI 32bit/33 MHz  
Slot Location 6 1 x PCI-E x16 (Gen2 x16 Link)  
Additional Slot 1 1 x PIKE Slot for Stroage expansion  
Storage  
SATA Controller AMD® SP5100:  
- 6 SATA2 300MB/s ports  
PROMISE® SW RAID (For Linux/Windows)  
- Supports software RAID 0, 1, 10 & 5  
SAS Controller Optional:  
ASUS PIKE 1064E 4-port SAS RAID card  
ASUS PIKE 1068E 8-port SAS RAID card  
ASUS PIKE 1078 8-port SAS HW RAID card  
ASUS PIKE 6480 8-port SAS RAID card  
ASUS PIKE 2008 8-port SAS2 6G RAID card  
ASUS PIKE 2008/IMR 8-port SAS2 6G RAID card with  
RAID 5  
(continued on the next page)  
xi  
 
KCMA-D8 specifications summary  
Networking  
LAN  
2 x Intel 82574L  
1 x Mgmt LAN  
Graphic  
VGA  
Aspeed AST2050 8MB  
Onboard I/O  
Connectors  
PSU Connector 24-pin SSI power connector + 8-pin SSI 12V power  
connector  
USB  
Connectors  
1 x USB connector (Type A USB socket)  
2 x USB pin header (Up to 4 devices)  
Management  
Connector  
Onboard socket for optional management card  
Fan Header  
SMBus  
8 x 4pin  
2
Chassis Intruder 1  
Serial Port  
Header  
1
Front LAN LED  
2
1
Rear I/O  
Connectors  
External Serial  
Port  
External USB  
Port  
2
VGA Port  
RJ-45  
1
2 + 1 Management Port  
PS/2 KB/Mouse 1  
Management  
Solution  
Software  
ASWM  
Out of Band  
Remote  
Optional ASMB4-iKVM for KVM-over-Internet  
Management  
Monitoring  
CPU  
Temperature  
V
V
FAN RPM  
Environment  
Operation temperature: 10℃—35℃  
Non operation temperature: -40℃—70℃  
Non operation humidity: 20%—90%  
(Non condensing)  
*Specifications are subject to change without notice.  
DO NOT touch the Northbridge chipset! The Northbridge chipset may become  
overheated. Remember to provide sufficinet air flow to keep the system stable.  
xii  
This chapter describes the motherboard  
features and the new technologies it supports.  
Chapter 1:  
Product  
introduction  
1
 
Chapter summary  
1
1.1  
1.2  
1.3  
1.4  
Welcome! ...................................................................................... 1-3  
Package contents......................................................................... 1-3  
Serial number label...................................................................... 1-4  
Special features............................................................................ 1-4  
ASUS KCMA-D8  
1.1  
Welcome!  
Thank you for buying an ASUS® KCMA-D8 motherboard!  
The motherboard delivers a host of new features and latest technologies, making it  
another standout in the long line of ASUS quality motherboards!  
Before you start installing the motherboard, and hardware devices on it, check the  
items in your package with the list below.  
1.2  
Package contents  
Check your motherboard package for the following items.  
Standard Gift Box Pack Standard Bulk Pack  
SATA data cable  
Thermal sensor cable  
IO shield  
6
--  
Cables  
2
--  
1
1
Accessories  
Retension module  
2
2
Application CD Support CD  
Documentation User Guide  
Packing Qty.  
1
1
1
1
1pcs per carton  
10pcs per carton  
If any of the above items is damaged or missing, contact your retailer.  
Optional items  
Description  
PIKE 1064E  
PIKE 1068E  
PIKE 1078  
LSI 4 port SAS RAID card  
LSI 8 port SAS RAID card  
LSI 8 port SAS RAID card with Hardware RAID 5, 6, 50, 60  
Marvell 8 port SAS RAID card  
PIKE 6480  
PIKE 2008  
LSI 8 port SAS2 RAID card  
PIKE 2008/IMR  
ASMB4-iKVM  
LSI 8 port SAS2 RAID card with RAID 5  
Remote Management solution provides KVM over IP solution.  
ASUS KCMA-D8  
1-3  
 
1.3  
Serial number label  
Before requesting support from the ASUS Technical Support team, you must take  
note of the motherboard's serial number containing 12 characters xxS2xxxxxxxx  
shown as the figure below. With the correct serial number of the product, ASUS  
Technical Support team members can then offer a quicker and satisfying solution  
to your problems.  
KCMA-D8  
Made  
in  
China  
合格  
xxS2xxxxxxxx  
1.4  
Special features  
1.4.1  
Product highlights  
Latest processor technology  
This motherboard supports the latest AMD® Opteron™ 4100 series processors  
in LGA 1207 package with integrated memory controller to support 2-channel (4  
DIMMs per CPU) DDR3 memory. AMD® Opteron™ 4100 series processor supports  
AMD® HyperTransport™ technology with a system bus of up to 6.4GT/s per link.  
AMD® Opteron™ 4100 series processor is the one of the most powerful and  
energy-efficient CPUs in the world.  
AMD 4/6 Core Architecture  
The motherboard supports AMD 4/6 core processors with discrete L2 cache  
structure for each core and shared L3 cache to meet demands for more powerful  
computing.  
HyperTransport™ technology 3.0 (HT3)  
HyperTransport™ technology 3.0 (HT3) is a high-speed, low latency, point-to-  
point link designed to improve the overall system balance and scalability with the  
maximum interconnect rate of 6.4GT/s.  
1-4  
Chapter 1: Product introduction  
 
DDR3 memory support  
The KCMA-D8 supports UDIMM and RDIMM DDR3 memory that features data  
transfer rates of 1333/1066/800 MHz to meet the higher bandwidth requirements  
of server and workstation applications. The 2-channel DDR3 architecture boosts  
system performance, eliminating bottlenecks with peak bandwidth of up to 21GB/s.  
Furthermore, the supply voltage for the memory is reduced from 1.8 V for DDR2 to  
just 1.5V for DDR3. This voltage reduction limits the power consumption and heat  
generation of DDR3 which makes it an ideal memory solution. The motherboard  
also supports 1.35V DDR3 LVDIMMs.  
PCIe 2.0  
This motherboard supports the latest PCIe 2.0 device for twice the current speed  
and bandwidth. This enhances system performance while still providing backward  
compatibility to PCIe 1.0 devices.  
Intel® 82574L LAN Solution  
The motherboard comes with dual Gigabit LAN controllers and ports which provide  
a total solution for your networking needs. The onboard Intel 82574L Gigabit LAN  
controllers use the PCI Express interface and could achieve network throughput  
close to Gigabit bandwidth.  
Serial ATA II technology  
The motherboard supports the Serial ATA II 3 Gb/s technology through the  
Serial ATA interface and AMD SP5100 chipset. The Serial ATA II specification  
provides twice the bandwidth of the current Serial ATA products with a host of new  
features, including Native Command Queuing (NCQ), Power Management (PM)  
Implementation Algorithm, and Hot Swap. Serial ATA allows thinner, more flexible  
cables with lower pin count and reduced voltage requirements.  
USB 2.0 technology  
The motherboard implements the Universal Serial Bus (USB) 2.0 specification,  
dramatically increasing the connection speed from the 12 Mbps bandwidth on USB  
1.1 to a fast 480 Mbps on USB 2.0. USB 2.0 is backward compatible with USB 1.1.  
Temperature, fan, and voltage monitoring  
The CPU temperature is monitored to prevent overheating and damage. The  
system fan rotations per minute (RPM) is monitored for timely failure detection.  
The chip monitors the voltage levels to ensure stable supply of current for critical  
components.  
ASUS KCMA-D8  
1-5  
1.4.2  
Innovative ASUS features  
ASUS Fan Speed technology  
The ASUS Fan Speed technology smartly adjusts the fan speeds according to the  
system loading to ensure quiet, cool, and efficient operation.  
PIKE (Proprietary I/O Kit Expansion)  
PIKE is an on-demand upgrade kit for users. This ASUS unique feature enables  
users to choose their preferred I/O solutions. ASUS provides multiple SAS  
solutions for different segments and purposes and PIKE saves lots of validation  
efforts and hardware cost for end users. Moreover, the special patent design offers  
multiple I/O solutions without occupying the Slot 6 in 1U system.  
ASUS MIO Audio card  
Enjoy high-end sound quality! The ASUS MIO audio card is a discrete 8-channel  
high definition audio (High Definition Audio previously codenamed Azalia) CODEC  
enable clearest high quality audio output, jack-sensing feature, retasking functions,  
and multi-streaming technology that simultaneously send different audio streams to  
different destinations.  
1-6  
Chapter 1: Product introduction  
 
This chapter lists the hardware setup  
procedures that you have to perform  
when installing system components. It  
includes description of the jumpers and  
connectors on the motherboard.  
Chapter 2:  
Hardware  
information  
2
 
Chapter summary  
2
2.1  
2.2  
2.3  
2.4  
2.5  
2.6  
2.7  
Before you proceed ..................................................................... 2-3  
Motherboard overview................................................................. 2-6  
Central Processing Unit (CPU) ................................................. 2-10  
System memory ......................................................................... 2-18  
Expansion slots.......................................................................... 2-21  
Jumpers ...................................................................................... 2-27  
Connectors ................................................................................. 2-31  
ASUS KCMA-D8  
2.1  
Before you proceed  
Take note of the following precautions before you install motherboard components or change  
any motherboard settings.  
Unplug the power cord from the wall socket before touching any  
component.  
Use a grounded wrist strap or touch a safely grounded object or a metal  
object, such as the power supply case, before handling components to  
avoid damaging them due to static electricity.  
Hold components by the edges to avoid touching the ICs on them.  
Whenever you uninstall any component, place it on a grounded antistatic  
pad or in the bag that came with the component.  
Before you install or remove any component, ensure that the power supply  
is switched off or the power cord is detached from the power supply. Failure  
to do so may cause severe damage to the motherboard, peripherals, and/or  
components.  
Onboard LED  
1.  
Standby Power LED  
The motherboard comes with a standby power LED. The green LED lights up  
to indicate that the system is ON, in sleep mode, or in soft-off mode. This is a  
reminder that you should shut down the system and unplug the power cable  
before removing or plugging in any motherboard component. The illustration  
below shows the location of the onboard LED  
ASUS KCMA-D8  
2-3  
 
2.  
CPU warning LED (ERR_CPU1, ERR_CPU2)  
The CPU warning LEDs light up to indicate that an impending failure of the  
corresponding CPU.  
The warning LEDs function only when you install the ASUS ASMB4.  
3.  
DIMM warning LED (ERR_DIMMA1/2; ERR_DIMMB1/2; ERR_DIMMC1/2;  
ERR_DIMMD1/2)  
The DIMM warning LEDs light up to indicate that an impending failure of the  
corresponding DIMMs.  
The warning LEDs function only when you install the ASUS ASMB4.  
2-4  
Chapter 2: Hardware information  
4.  
BMC LED (BMC_LED1)  
The green heartbeat LED blinks per second to indicate that the ASMB4 is  
working normally.  
The heartbeat LED functions only when you install the ASUS ASMB4.  
ASUS KCMA-D8  
2-5  
2.2  
Motherboard overview  
Before you install the motherboard, study the configuration of your chassis to  
ensure that the motherboard fits into it.  
To optimize the motherboard features, we highly recommend that you install it in an  
SSI EEB 1.1 compliant chassis.  
Ensure to unplug the chassis power cord before installing or removing the  
motherboard. Failure to do so can cause you physical injury and damage  
motherboard components!  
2.2.1  
Placement direction  
When installing the motherboard, ensure that you place it into the chassis in the  
correct orientation. The edge with external ports goes to the rear part of the chassis  
as indicated in the image below.  
2.2.2  
Screw holes  
Place nine (9) screws into the holes indicated by circles to secure the motherboard  
to the chassis.  
DO NOT overtighten the screws! Doing so can damage the motherboard.  
Place this side towards  
the rear of the chassis  
2-6  
Chapter 2: Hardware information  
 
2.2.3  
Motherboard layouts  
ASUS KCMA-D8  
2-7  
 
2.2.4  
Layout contents  
Slots/Soocket  
Page  
2-10  
2-18  
2-23  
2-23  
1.  
2.  
3.  
4.  
CPU sockets  
DDR3 sockets  
PCI Express x16 / PCI Express x8 / PCI / MIO slots  
PIKE slot  
Jumpers  
Page  
2-27  
2-28  
1.  
2.  
3.  
Clear RTC RAM (CLRTC1)  
VGA controller setting (3-pin VGA_SW1)  
CPU Fan and Chassis Fan control setting  
(3-pin CPUFAN_SEL1, CHAFAN_SEL1)  
2-28  
2-29  
4.  
DDR3 voltage control setting  
(4-pin LVDDR3_SEL1; LVDDR3_SEL2)  
5.  
6.  
7.  
PIKE slot setting (3-pin PIKE_SW1)  
2-29  
2-30  
2-30  
LAN controller setting (3-pin LAN_SW1, LAN_SW2)  
Force BIOS recovery setting (3-pin RECOVERY1)  
Rear panel connectors  
Page  
2-31  
2-31  
2-31  
2-31  
2-31  
2-31  
2-31  
2-31  
1.  
2.  
3.  
4.  
5.  
6.  
7.  
8.  
PS/2 mouse port (green)  
RJ-45 port for ASMB4-iKVM  
PS/2 keyboard port (purple)  
USB 2.0 ports 1 and 2  
Serial (COM1) port  
Video Graphics Adapter port  
LAN 1 (RJ-45) port  
LAN 2 (RJ-45) port  
2-8  
Chapter 2: Hardware information  
 
Internal connectors  
Page  
1.  
Serial ATA connectors  
(7-pin SATA1, SATA2, SATA3, SATA4; RED)  
(7-pin SATA5, SATA6; Black)  
2-32  
2.  
SAS connectors  
(7-pin SAS1, SAS2, SAS3, SAS4; Red)  
(7-pin SAS5, SAS6, SAS7, SAS8; Blue)  
2-33  
3.  
4.  
5.  
USB connector (10-1 pin USB34, USB56; A-Type USB7)  
2-34  
2-34  
Thermal sensor cable connectors (3-pin TR1, TR2)  
CPU, front and rear fan connectors  
(4-pin CPU_FAN1, CPU_FAN2, FRNT_FAN1, FRNT_FAN2,  
FRNT_FAN3, FRNT_FAN4, FRNT_FAN5, REAR_FAN1)  
2-35  
6.  
7.  
Serial General Purpose Input/Output connectors  
(8-1 pin SGPIO1/2)  
2-36  
2-36  
Serial General Purpose Input/Output connectors  
(8-1 pin SGPIO3/4)  
8.  
Serial port connectors (10-1 pin COM2)  
BMC header (BMC_FW1)  
2-37  
2-37  
2-38  
2-38  
9.  
10.  
11.  
12.  
Power Supply SMBus connector (5-pin PSUSMB1)  
Location LED cable connector (3-pin LOCLED1)  
24+8-pin power connectors  
(24-pin ATXPWR1, 8-pin ATX12V1)  
2-39  
13.  
14.  
System panel connector (20-1 pin PANEL1)  
2-40  
2-41  
Auxiliary panel connector (20-2 pin AUX_PANEL1)  
ASUS KCMA-D8  
2-9  
2.3  
Central Processing Unit (CPU)  
The motherboard comes with dual surface mount LGA 1207 Socket designed for  
the AMD® Opteron™ 4100 series CPU in the Land Grid Array (LGA) package.  
Upon purchase of the motherboard, ensure that the PnP cap is on  
the socket and the socket contacts are not bent. Contact your retailer  
immediately if the PnP cap is missing, or if you see any damage to the PnP  
cap/socket contacts/motherboard components. ASUS shoulders the repair  
cost only if the damage is shipment/transit-related.  
Keep the cap after installing the motherboard. ASUS will process Return  
Merchandise Authorization (RMA) requests only if the motherboard comes  
with the cap on the LGA 1207 Socket.  
The product warranty does not cover damage to the socket contacts  
resulting from incorrect CPU installation/removal, or misplacement/loss/  
incorrect removal of the PnP cap.  
2.3.1  
Installing the CPU  
To install a CPU:  
1. Locate the CPU socket on the motherboard.  
Before installing the CPU, ensure that the socket box is facing toward you and  
the load lever is on your left.  
2-10  
Chapter 2: Hardware information  
 
2.  
Press the load lever with your  
thumb (A), then move it to the left  
(B) until it is released from the  
retention tab.  
Retention tab  
A
To prevent damage to the socket  
pins, do not remove the PnP cap  
unless you are installing a CPU.  
B
Load lever  
3.  
4.  
5.  
Lift the load lever in the direction of  
the arrow to a 135º angle.  
Load plate  
Lift the load plate with your thumb  
and forefinger to a 100º angle.  
4
Remove the PnP cap from the CPU  
socket.  
5
PnP cap  
3
6.  
Position the CPU over the socket,  
ensuring that the gold triangle is on  
the bottom-right corner of the socket,  
and then fit the socket alignment key  
into the CPU notch.  
Gold triangle mark  
The CPU fits in only one correct  
orientation. DO NOT force the  
CPU into the socket to prevent  
bending the connectors on the  
socket and damaging the CPU!  
Alignment keys  
ASUS KCMA-D8  
2-11  
7.  
Close the load plate (A), then push  
the load lever (B) until it snaps into  
the retention tab.  
A
B
Apply some Thermal Interface Material to the exposed area of the CPU that the  
heatsink will be in contact with, ensuring that it is spread in an even thin layer.  
Some heatsinks come with pre-applied Thermal Interface Material. If so, skip  
this step.  
2-12  
Chapter 2: Hardware information