Ferris Industries Lawn Mower DDSKAV15CE User Manual

OPERATOR’S  
MANUAL  
HydroWalk Series  
Dual Drive Walk-Behind Mowers  
Powerheads  
48” Mower Decks  
Model Number: Description:  
Model Number: Description:  
DDSKAV15  
DDSKAV15CE  
DDSKAV17  
Dual Drive w/ 15HP Kawasaki  
Dual Drive w/ 15HP Kawasaki (Export)  
Dual Drive w/ 17HP Kawasaki  
DDS48  
DDS48R  
48” Mower Deck  
48” Rear Discharge Mower Deck (Export)  
52” Mower Decks  
Model Number: Description:  
DDSKAV17CE  
DDSKAV23  
DDSKAV23CE  
Dual Drive w/ 17HP Kawasaki (Export)  
Dual Drive w/ 23HP Kawasaki  
Dual Drive w/ 23HP Kawasaki (Export)  
DDS52  
52” Mower Deck  
DDS52R  
DDSH52  
52” Rear Discharge Mower Deck (Export)  
52” E-Z Adjust Mower Deck  
61” Mower Decks  
Model Number: Description:  
DDS61  
DDSH61  
61” Mower Deck  
61” E-Z Adjust Mower Deck  
22880  
Ferris Industries  
5375 North Main Street  
Munnsville, NY 13409  
800-933-6175  
Rev. 01/2002  
TP 100-7056-00-WD-F  
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Table of Contents  
Identification Tags ...............................................2  
Safety Rules & Information  
Troubleshooting, Adjustments & Service  
Troubleshooting the Mower...................................19  
Troubleshooting the Mower Deck..........................20  
Mowing Height Adjustment ...................................21  
Deck Leveling Adjustment (DDSH models) ..........22  
Mowing Height Adjustment (DDSH models).........23  
Mower Belt Replacement......................................24  
Mower Belt Replacement (DDSH models) ...........25  
Transmission Drive Belt Replacement ..................26  
Transmission Neutral & Tracking Adjustments......27  
Neutral Adjustment ............................................27  
Tracking Adjustment...........................................27  
Transmission Maintenance & Service...................28  
Changing Oil & Filters .......................................28  
PTO Clutch Adjustment ........................................29  
Battery Service .....................................................30  
Checking the Battery Voltage ............................30  
Charging A Completely Discharged Battery......30  
Jump Starting with  
Training....................................................................3  
Preparation..............................................................3  
Operation ................................................................4  
Slope Operation......................................................4  
Children...................................................................5  
Emissions................................................................5  
Maintenance and Storage.......................................5  
Decals.....................................................................6  
CE Compliance Specs............................................7  
Features & Controls  
Control Functions....................................................8  
Safety Interlock System ..........................................9  
Operating the Dual Drive Walk-Behind  
General Operating Safety .....................................10  
Checks Before Starting.........................................10  
Starting the Engine ...............................................11  
Stopping the Mower..............................................11  
Driving the Mower.................................................11  
Mowing..................................................................12  
Pushing the Mower by Hand.................................12  
Storage..................................................................13  
Starting After Long Term Storage .........................13  
Auxiliary (Booster) Battery .............................30  
Replacement Parts & Accessories..................32  
Lawn Care & Mowing Information ...............LC-1  
Regular Maintenance  
International Symbols...................................LC-8  
Technical Manuals.........................................LC-8  
Maintenance Schedule .........................................14  
Checking Tire Pressures.......................................14  
Checking/Adding Fuel...........................................15  
Fuel Filter..............................................................15  
Oil & Filter Change ...............................................15  
Check / Change Air FIlter .....................................15  
Check Hydraulic Oil Level.....................................15  
Lubrication ............................................................16  
Battery Maintenance.............................................17  
Checking Battery Fluid ......................................17  
Cleaning the Battery and Cables.......................17  
NOTE: In this manual, “left” and “right” are referred to as  
seen from the operating position.  
Servicing the Mower Blades .................................18  
WARNING  
You must read, understand and comply with all safety  
and operating instructions in this manual before  
attempting to set-up and operate your machine.  
WARNING  
Engine exhaust from this product contains  
chemicals known, in certain quantities, to cause  
cancer, birth defects, or other reproductive harm.  
Failure to comply with all safety and operating  
instructions can result in loss of machine control,  
serious personal injury to you and / or bystanders,  
and risk of equipment and property damage. The  
triangle in the text signifies important cautions or  
warnings which must be followed.  
© Copyright 2002 Ferris Industries  
All Rights Reserved. Printed in USA.  
TP 100-7056-00-WD-F  
1
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Identification Tags  
IDENTIFICATION TAG LOCATIONS  
When contacting your  
Authorized Dealer for  
replacement parts, service,  
or information YOU MUST  
HAVE THESE NUMBERS.  
North American Models  
Powerhead  
Identification  
Tag  
FERRIS  
FERRIS INDUSTRIES, INC.  
MUNNSVILLE, NY 13409  
MADE IN THE USA  
SERIAL NO.  
MODEL NO.  
DDSxxxx  
XXXXX  
Mower Deck  
Identification  
Tag  
CE Models  
XXXXX  
XXXXX  
DDSxxxx  
MODEL NO. SERIAL NO.  
DATE  
XXXXX  
XXXXX  
MASS (kg) POWER (kW)  
FERRIS INDUSTRIES, INC.  
MUNNSVILLE, NY 13409  
MADE IN TTHE USA  
IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS  
Record your model name, unit and mower deck serial  
numbers and engine serial number in the space provid-  
ed for easy reference.  
PRODUCT REFERENCE DATA  
Model Description Name  
Powerhead MODEL Number  
Mower Deck MODEL Number  
Powerhead SERIAL Number  
Mower Deck SERIAL Number  
• The Powerhead I.D. tag is located on left-hand side  
of the handle bars.  
• The Mower Deck I.D. tag is located on the right-hand  
side of the mower deck, under the belt shield.  
Date Purchased  
Dealer Name  
• For location of Engine Serial Number, refer to the  
Engine Owner’s Manual.  
ENGINE REFERENCE DATA  
Engine Make/Model  
Engine ID/Serial Number  
Be sure to fill out and return the Warranty Registration  
Card supplied with your unit.  
2
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Safety Rules  
& Information  
Read these safety rules and follow them closely. Failure to obey these rules could result in loss of con-  
trol of unit, severe personal injury or death to you, or bystanders, or damage to property or equipment.  
This mowing deck is capable of amputating hands and feet and throwing objects. The triangle in  
text signifies important cautions or warnings which must be followed.  
TRAINING  
• Read, understand, and follow all instructions in the  
manual and on the unit before starting. If the opera-  
tor(s) or mechanic(s) can not read English it is the  
owner’s responsibility to explain this material to them.  
• The owner/user can prevent and is responsible for  
accidents or injuries occurring to themselves, other  
people or property.  
• Data indicates that operators, age 60 years and  
above, are involved in a large percentage of riding  
mower-related injuries. These operators should eval-  
uate their ability to operate the riding mower safely  
enough to protect themselves and others from seri-  
ous injury.  
• Become familiar with the safe operation of the equip-  
ment, operator controls, and safety signs.  
• All operators and mechanics should be trained. The  
owner is responsible for training the users.  
• Only allow responsible adults, who are familiar with  
the instructions, to operate the unit.  
• Never let children or untrained people operate or  
service the equipment. Local regulations may  
restrict the age of the operator.  
PREPARATION  
• Evaluate the terrain to determine what accessories  
and attachments are needed to properly and safely  
perform the job. Use only accessories and attach-  
ments approved by the manufacturer.  
• Wear appropriate clothing including safety shoes,  
safety glasses and ear protection. Long hair, loose  
clothing or jewelry may get tangled in moving parts.  
• Inspect the area where the equipment is to be used  
and remove all objects such as rocks, toys and wire,  
which can be thrown by the machine.  
• Use extra care when handling gasoline and other  
fuels. They are flammable and vapors are explosive.  
a) Use only an approved container.  
b) Never remove fuel cap or add fuel with the engine  
running. Allow engine to cool before refueling. Do  
not smoke.  
c) Never refuel or drain the machine indoors.  
• Check that operator’s presence controls, safety  
switches and shields are attached and functioning  
properly. Do not operate unless they are functioning  
properly.  
3
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Safety Rules & Information  
OPERATION  
• Never run an engine in an enclosed area.  
• Mow only in the daylight or with good artificial light,  
keeping away from holes and hidden hazards.  
• Never operate with guards not securely in place. Be  
sure all interlocks are attached, adjusted properly  
and functioning properly.  
• Be sure all drives are in neutral and parking brake is  
engaged before starting engine. Only start engine  
from the operator’s position. Use seat belts if provid-  
ed.  
• Be sure of your footing while using pedestrian con-  
trolled equipment, especially when backing up. Walk,  
don't run.  
• Do not mow in reverse unless absolutely necessary.  
Always look down and behind before and while trav-  
eling in reverse.  
• Be aware of the mower discharge direction and do  
not point it at anyone. Do not operate the mower  
without either the entire grass catcher or the deflec-  
tor in place.  
• Never operate with the discharge deflector raised,  
removed or altered, unless using a grass catcher.  
• Do not change the engine governor setting or over-  
speed the engine.  
• Stop on level ground, lower implements, disengage  
drives, engage parking brake, shut off engine before  
leaving the operator’s position for any reason includ-  
ing emptying the grass catchers or unclogging the  
chute.  
• Stop equipment and inspect blades after striking  
objects or abnormal vibration occurs. Make neces-  
sary repairs before resuming operations.  
• Keep hands and feet away from the cutting units.  
• Never carry passengers and keep pets and  
bystanders away.  
• Do not operate the unit while under the influence of  
alcohol or drugs.  
• Slow down and use caution when making turns and  
when changing directions on slopes.  
• Never raise deck with the blades running.  
• Never leave a running unit unattended. Always disen-  
gage the PTO, set parking brake, stop engine, and  
remove keys before dismounting. Keep hands and  
feet away from the cutting units.  
Turn off the PTO switch to disengage the blades  
when not mowing.  
• Slow down and use caution when making turns and  
crossing roads and sidewalks. Stop blades if not  
mowing.  
• Use care when loading or unloading the machine  
into a trailer or truck.  
• Use care when approaching blind corners, shrubs,  
trees or other objects that may obscure vision.  
SLOPE OPERATION  
WARNING  
Slopes are a major factor related to loss-of-control and tip-  
over accidents, which can result in severe injury or death.  
All slopes require extra caution. If you cannot back up the  
slope or if you feel uneasy on it, do not drive on it.  
Never operate on slopes greater than 20°  
(36.4 percent) which is a rise of 7-1/4 feet (220 cm)  
vertically in 20 feet (607 cm) horizontally.  
Select slow ground speed before driving onto slope.  
In addition to front and rear weights, use extra caution  
when operating on slopes with rear-mounted grass  
catcher.  
Mow ACROSS the slope, never up and down the  
face, use caution when changing directions and DO  
NOT START OR STOP ON SLOPE.  
Do  
Do Not  
• Mow across the face of slopes; never up and down.  
• Remove obstacles such as rocks, tree limbs, etc.  
• Watch for holes, ruts, or bumps. Uneven terrain  
could overturn the unit. Tall grass can hide obsta-  
cles.  
Do not start or stop on a slope. If tires lose traction,  
disengage the blade(s) and proceed slowly straight  
down the slope.  
Do not turn on slopes unless necessary, and then,  
turn slowly and gradually downhill, if possible.  
Do not mow near drop-offs, ditches, or embank-  
ments. The operator could lose footing or balance or  
mower could suddenly turn over if a wheel is over  
the edge of a cliff or ditch, or if an edge caves in.  
Do not mow on wet grass. Reduced footing or trac-  
tion could cause sliding.  
Do not try to stabilize the unit by putting your foot on  
the ground.  
Do not mow excessively steep slopes.  
• Use slow speed. Choose a slow speed so that you  
will not have to stop or change speed while on the  
slope.  
• Use extra care with grass catchers or other attach-  
ments. These can change the stability of the unit.  
• Keep all movement on the slopes slow and gradual.  
Do not make sudden changes in speed or direction.  
• See your authorized dealer for recommendations of  
available weights to improve stability.  
Do not use grass catcher on steep slopes.  
4
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Safety Rules & Information  
CHILDREN  
EMISSIONS  
• Engine exhaust from this product contains chemicals  
known, in certain quantities, to cause cancer, birth  
defects, or other reproductive harm.  
• Look for the relevant Emissions Durability Period and  
Air Index information on the engine emissions label.  
Tragic accidents can occur if the operator is not alert to  
the presence of children. Children are often attracted to  
the unit and the mowing activity. Never assume that chil-  
dren will remain where you last saw them.  
• Keep children out of the mowing area and under the  
watchful care of another responsible adult.  
• Be alert and turn unit off if children enter the area.  
• Before and during reverse operation, look behind and  
down for small children.  
• Never carry children. They may fall off and be seri-  
ously injured or interfere with safe unit operation.  
• Never allow children to operate the unit.  
• Use extra care when approaching blind corners,  
shrubs, trees, or other objects that may obscure  
vision.  
MAINTENANCE AND STORAGE  
• Always observe safe refueling and fuel handling  
practices when refueling the unit after transportation  
or storage.  
• Disconnect battery or remove spark plug wire before  
making any repairs. Disconnect the negative termi-  
nal first and the positive last. Reconnect positive first  
and negative last.  
• Always follow the engine manual instructions for stor-  
age preparations before storing the unit for both  
short and long term periods.  
• Use care when checking blades. Wrap the blade(s)  
or wear gloves, and use caution when servicing  
them. Only replace blades. Never straighten or weld  
them.  
• Always follow the engine manual instructions for  
proper start-up procedures when returning the unit to  
service.  
• Keep hands and feet away from moving parts.  
• Never store the machine or fuel container inside  
where there is an open flame, such as in a water  
heater. Allow unit to cool before storing.  
• Charge batteries in an open well ventilated area,  
away from spark and flames. Unplug charger before  
connecting or disconnecting from battery. Wear pro-  
tective clothes and use insulated tools.  
• Shut off fuel while storing or transporting. Do not  
store fuel near flames or drain indoors.  
• Keep all hardware, especially blade attachment bolts,  
tight and keep all parts in good working condition.  
Replace all worn or damaged decals.  
• Grass catcher components are subject to wear, dam-  
age, and deterioration, which could expose moving  
parts or allow objects to be thrown. Frequently  
check components and replace with manufacturer’s  
recommended parts, when necessary.  
• Never tamper with safety devices. Check their prop-  
er operation regularly.  
• Clean grass and debris from cutting units, drives,  
mufflers, and engine to prevent fires. Clean up oil or  
fuel spillage.  
• Check brake operation frequently. Adjust and service  
as required.  
• Use only factory authorized replacement parts when  
making repairs.  
• Stop and inspect the equipment if you strike an  
object. Repair, if necessary, before restarting.  
• Always comply with factory specifications on all set-  
tings and adjustments.  
• Never make adjustments or repairs with the engine  
running unless specified otherwise.  
• Only authorized service locations should be utilized  
for major service and repair requirements.  
• Park machine on level ground. Never allow untrained  
personnel to service machine.  
• Never attempt to make major repairs on this unit  
unless you have been properly trained. Improper  
service procedures can result in hazardous opera-  
tion, equipment damage and voiding of manufactur-  
er’s warranty.  
• Use jack stands to support components when  
required.  
• Carefully release pressure from components with  
stored energy. (eg. springs)  
5
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Safety Decals  
GENERAL  
The safety decals below are on your unit.  
This unit has been designed and manufactured to pro-  
vide you with the safety and reliability you would expect  
from an industry leader in outdoor power equipment  
manufacturing.  
If any of these decals are lost or damaged, replace them  
at once. See your local dealer for replacements.  
These labels are easily applied and will act as a con-  
stant visual reminder to you, and others who may use  
the equipment, to follow the safety instructions neces-  
sary for safe, effective operation.  
Although reading this manual and the safety instructions  
it contains will provide you with the necessary basic  
knowledge to operate this equipment safely and effec-  
tively, we have placed several safety labels on the unit to  
remind you of this important information while you are  
operating your unit.  
NOTE: Engine operation and safety decals are supplied  
by the engine manufacturer.  
All DANGER, WARNING, CAUTION and instructional  
messages on your mower should be carefully read and  
obeyed. Personal bodily injury can result when these  
instructions are not followed. The information is for your  
safety and it is important.  
Warning Decal  
Part No. 22189  
Dash Panel Decal  
Part No. 22325  
DANGER  
DANGER  
WARNING  
THIS MACHINE WILL CLIMB A SLOPE  
GREATER THAN IT IS SAFE TO BE ON.  
ROTATING CUTTING BLADE  
Do not put hands or feet  
under mower deck while  
blade is rotating.  
ROTATING CUTTING BLADE  
Do not operate mower  
READ OPERATOR'S MANUAL BEFORE USE.  
without deflector or entire  
grass catcher in place.  
1704276  
1704277  
Warning Decal  
Part No. 21818  
Danger Decal  
Part No. 1704277  
Danger Decal  
Part No. 1704276  
WARNING  
BEWARE OF  
POWER DRIVEN PARTS  
Danger Decal  
Part No. 21411  
Warning Decal  
Part No. 21159  
Warning Decal  
Part No. 21818  
6
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CE Compliance Specs  
7
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Features & Controls  
of the Dual Drive Walk-Behind  
Please take a moment and  
familiarize yourself with  
the name, location, and  
function of these controls  
so that you will better  
E
G
H
F
D
understand the safety and  
operating instructions  
provided in this manual.  
B
F
A. Forward Speed Control Lever  
B. Reverse Speed Control Levers  
C. Ignition Switch  
D. Parking Brake Handle  
E. PTO Switch  
A
F. Operator Presence Handles  
G. Throttle Control  
H. Choke Control  
I. Neutral Return Pedal  
C
B
Figure 1. Control Locations  
I
CONTROL FUNCTIONS  
The information below briefly describes the function of individual controls. Starting, stopping, driving, and mowing  
require the combined use of several controls applied in specific sequences. To learn what combination and  
sequence of controls to use for various tasks see the OPERATION section.  
C. Ignition Switch  
A & B. Forward Speed Control Lever /  
Reverse Speed Control Levers  
The ignition switch starts and stops the engine, it has  
three positions:  
These levers control the ground speed of the mower.  
OFF  
Stops the engine and shuts off the  
electrical system.  
The center lever (A) control the forward ground speed of  
both drive wheels.  
RUN  
Allows the engine to run and powers the  
electrical system.  
The left lever controls the steering and reverse ground  
speed of the left drive wheel and the right lever controls  
the steering and reverse ground speed of the right drive  
wheel.  
START Cranks the engine for starting.  
NOTE: Never leave the ignition switch in the RUN posi-  
tion with the engine stoppedthis drains the battery.  
NOTE: The further a lever is moved away from the neu-  
tral position the faster the drive wheel will turn.  
See the Operating the Dual Drive Walk-Behind Mower  
section for steering instructions.  
8
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Features & Controls  
D. Parking Brake Handle  
SAFETY INTERLOCK  
SYSTEM  
The parking brake is applied by pushing DOWN on the  
parking brake handle until it stops. To release the park-  
ing brake, pull UP on the handle until it locks over cen-  
ter.  
This unit is equipped with safety interlock switches.  
These safety systems are present for your safety, do not  
attempt to bypass safety switches, and never tamper  
with safety devices. Check their operation regularly.  
E. PTO (Power Take Off) Switch  
The PTO switch engages and disengages the mower.  
Pull UP on the switch to engage, and push DOWN to  
disengage.  
Operational SAFETY Checks  
Test 1 Engine should NOT crank if:  
F. Operator Presence Handles  
PTO switch is engaged, OR  
These handles are a major factor in the safety interlock  
system of the mower. Both handles are tied together so  
depressing one handle depresses both. The operator  
must depress the handles in order to disengage the  
parking brake and engage the PTO switch.  
Parking brake is not engaged, OR  
Motion control handle is not in the NEUTRAL posi-  
tion  
Test 2 Engine SHOULD crank if:  
G & H. Throttle / Choke Control  
PTO switch is NOT engaged, AND  
Parking brake is engaged, AND  
Pulling the round choke control knob (H) out fully chokes  
the engine for cold starts. (A warm engine may not  
require choking.) Moving the throttle control (G) fully  
towards the right is FULL throttle position. Always oper-  
ate the unit at FULL throttle when mowing.  
Motion control handle is in the NEUTRAL position  
Test 3 Engine should SHUT OFF if:  
Operator releases the operator presence handles  
with PTO engaged, OR  
I. Neutral Return Pedal  
Operator releases the operator presence handles  
with parking brake disengaged.  
The neutral return pedal provides a hands-free return to  
neutral. This is used in conjunction with the Reverse  
Speed Control Levers (B) to properly stop the machine.  
Test 4 Blade Brake Check  
Mower blades and mower drive belt should come to a  
complete stop within seven seconds after electric PTO  
switch is turned off (or operator releases the operator  
presence handles). If mower drive belt does not stop  
within seven seconds, see your dealer.  
See the Operating the Dual Drive Walk-Behind Mower  
section for steering instructions.  
J. Fuel Shut Off Valve (not shown)  
The fuel shut off valve is located under the fuel tank.  
Turning the handle until it is VERTICAL will allow fuel to  
be supplied to the engine. Turning the handle until it is  
HORIZONTAL shuts off the fuel supply to the engine.  
NOTE: Once the engine has stopped, PTO switch must  
be turned off, parking brake must be engaged, and the  
motion control handle must be returned to the NEU-  
TRAL position in order to start the engine.  
WARNING  
If the unit does not pass a safety test, do not  
operate it. See your authorized dealer. Under no  
circumstance should you attempt to defeat the  
purpose of the safety interlock system.  
9
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Operating the Dual Drive  
Walk-Behind  
GENERAL OPERATING SAFETY  
CHECKS BEFORE STARTING  
Before first time operation:  
Check that crankcase is filled to full mark on dipstick.  
See the engine Operators Manual for instructions  
and oil recommendations.  
Be sure to read all information in the Safety and  
Operation sections before attempting to operate this  
tractor and mower.  
Make sure all nuts, bolts, screws and pins are in  
place and tight.  
Become familiar with all of the controls and how to  
stop the unit.  
Fill the fuel tank with fresh fuel. Refer to engine  
manual for fuel recommendations.  
Drive in an open area without mowing to become  
accustomed to the unit.  
WARNING  
Before leaving the operators position for any  
reason, engage the parking brake, disengage the  
PTO, stop the engine and remove the key.  
A
B
To reduce fire hazard, keep the engine, tractor and  
mower free of grass, leaves and excess grease.  
Do not stop or park tractor over dry leaves, grass  
or combustible materials.  
Gasoline is highly flammable and must be  
handled with care. Never fill the tank when the  
engine is still hot from recent operation. Do not  
allow open flame, smoking or matches in the area.  
Avoid over-filling and wipe up any spills.  
Figure 2. Pre-start Checks  
A. Crankcase Oil Fill  
B. Fuel Tank Filler Neck  
10  
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Operating the Dual Drive Walk-Behind  
DRIVING THE MOWER  
WARNING  
The hydrostatic transmission has an infinite number of  
speeds between full speed forward and reverse, with the  
faster speeds being achieved by moving the speed con-  
trol lever and steering control levers farthest in the direc-  
tion of travel.  
If you do not understand how a specific control  
functions, or have not yet thoroughly read the  
FEATURES & CONTROLS section, do so now.  
Do NOT attempt to operate the tractor without  
first becoming familiar with the location and  
function of ALL controls.  
TO MOVE FORWARD  
1. Disengage the parking brake.  
2. Gently move the speed control lever forward until  
desired speed is achieved.  
STARTING THE ENGINE  
TO MOVE BACKWARD  
1. Engage the parking brake and make sure the PTO  
switch is disengaged and the motion control lever is  
in the NEUTRAL position.  
1. Disengage the parking brake.  
2. Gently squeeze both steering control levers evenly,  
until desired speed is achieved.  
2. Set the engine throttle control (G, Figure 1) to FAST  
throttle position. Then fully close the choke (H,  
Figure 1) by pulling the knob OUT fully.  
TO SLOW OR STOP MACHINE  
1. Gently squeeze both steering control levers evenly to  
slow the machine.  
NOTE: A warm engine may not require choking.  
3A.Insert the key into the ignition switch (C, Figure 1)  
and turn it to the RUN position (15hp & 17hp mod-  
els). Firmly and sharply pull the recoil until the  
engine starts.  
2. Continuing to squeeze the steering control levers will  
stop the machine.  
3. Once the machine is stopped, firmly depress the  
neutral return pedal to place the transmissions in  
neutral.  
3B.Insert the key into the ignition switch (C, Figure 1)  
and turn it to the START position (23hp model).  
TO TURN MACHINE  
4. After the engine starts, gradually open the choke  
(push knob down fully).  
To make a left-hand turn:  
Warm up the engine by running it for at least a minute  
before engaging the PTO switch or driving the mower.  
Gently squeeze the left-hand steering control lever. A  
sharp or gentle turn is determined by the amount of  
force applied to the steering control lever.  
5. After warming the engine, ALWAYS operate the  
unit at FULL THROTTLE when mowing.  
To make a right-hand turn:  
In the event of an emergency the engine can be  
stopped by simply turning the ignition switch to  
STOP. Use this method only in emergency situations.  
For normal engine shut down follow the procedure given  
in STOPPING THE MOWER  
Gently squeeze the right-hand steering control lever. A  
sharp or gentle turn is determined by the amount of  
force applied to the steering control lever.  
NOTE: ALWAYS REDUCE SPEED IN A TURN  
STOPPING THE MOWER  
1. Gently squeeze both steering control levers (B,  
Figure 1) evenly to stop the machine.  
For normal use, the throttle should be kept fully open  
and the ground speed of the machine determined by the  
speed control lever. When transporting the machine or  
when loading or unloading from a truck or trailer, partial  
throttle should be used to slow the reaction time of the  
controls and reduce noise.  
3. Once the machine is stopped, firmly depress the  
neutral return pedal (I, Figure 1) to place the trans-  
missions in neutral.  
2. Disengage the PTO by pushing down on the PTO  
switch (E, Figure 1).  
Practice maneuvering the machine at a slow engine  
speed on level ground with the blade engagement switch  
in the "OFF" position until you are familiar with the con-  
trols.  
3. Engage the parking brake by pushing the handle (D,  
Figure 1) forward until it stops.  
4. Move the throttle control (G, Figure 1) to mid-throttle  
position and turn the ignition key to OFF Remove  
the key.  
11  
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Operating the Dual Drive Walk-Behind  
MOWING  
PUSHING THE MOWER BY HAND  
Before mowing, set the cutting height as described in  
the Troubleshooting, Adjustments & Service section.  
DO NOT TOW MACHINE  
Towing the machine will cause hydraulic  
transaxle damage. Do not use another vehi-  
cle to push or pull this unit.  
1. Engage the parking brake. Make sure the PTO  
switch is disengaged and the motion control lever is  
in the NEUTRAL position.  
1. Disengage the PTO, engage the parking brake, turn  
the ignition OFF, and remove the key.  
2. Start the engine (see STARTING THE ENGINE).  
3. Set the throttle to FULL.  
2. To disengage the transmissions (free-wheel position),  
lift the hydraulic release levers (A, Figure 3) located  
in front of the transmission fan screen. Lock into  
position shown in Figure 3.  
4. Engage the PTO by pulling up on the PTO switch (E,  
Figure 1).  
5. Begin mowing. See Lawn Care section for tips on  
mowing patterns, lawn care, and trouble shooting  
information.  
3. Disengage the parking brake.  
The mower can now be pushed by hand.  
6. When finished, shut off the PTO.  
4. After moving the mower, re-engage the transmis-  
sions (drive position) by unlocking the levers and  
returning them to the down position. If the levers are  
not completely down, a partial by-pass may potential-  
ly damage the transmissions.  
7. Stop the engine (see STOPPING THE TRACTOR  
AND ENGINE).  
A
Figure 3. Hydraulic System By-Pass  
A. Hydraulic Release Lever (right-hand side shown)  
12  
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Operating the Dual Drive Walk-Behind  
STORAGE  
WARNING  
Never store the unit, with gasoline in engine or  
fuel tank, in a heated shelter or in enclosed,  
poorly ventilated enclosures. Gasoline fumes may  
reach an open flame, spark or pilot light (such as  
a furnace, water heater, clothes dryer, etc.) and  
cause an explosion.  
Temporary Storage (30 Days Or Less)  
Remember, the fuel tank will still contain some gasoline,  
so never store the unit indoors or in any other area  
where fuel vapor could travel to any ignition source. Fuel  
vapor is also toxic if inhaled, so never store the unit in  
any structure used for human or animal habitation.  
Handle gasoline carefully. It is highly flammable  
and careless use could result in serious fire  
damage to your person or property.  
Here is a checklist of things to do when storing your unit  
temporarily or in between uses:  
Keep the unit in an area away from where children  
may come into contact with it. If theres any chance  
of unauthorized use, remove the spark plug (s) and  
put in a safe place. Be sure the spark plug opening is  
protected from foreign objects with a suitable cover.  
Drain fuel into an approved container outdoors  
away from open flame or sparks.  
10. Drain fuel system completely or add a gasoline stabi-  
lizer to the fuel system. If you have chosen to use a  
fuel stabilizer and have not drained the fuel system,  
follow all safety instructions and storage precautions  
in this manual to prevent the possibility of fire from  
the ignition of gasoline fumes. Remember, gasoline  
fumes can travel to distant sources of ignition and  
ignite, causing risk of explosion and fire.  
If the unit cant be stored on a reasonable level sur-  
face, chock the wheels.  
Clean all grass and dirt from the mower.  
Long Term Storage (Longer Than 30 Days)  
Before you store your unit for the off-season, read the  
Maintenance and Storage instructions in the Safety  
Rules section, then perform the following steps:  
NOTE: Gasoline, if permitted to stand unused for  
extended periods (30 days or more), may develop  
gummy deposits which can adversely affect the engine  
carburetor and cause engine malfunction. To avoid this  
condition, add a gasoline stabilizer to the fuel tank and  
run the engine a few minutes, or drain all fuel from the  
unit before placing it in storage.  
1. Drain crankcase oil while engine is hot and refill with  
a grade of oil that will be required when unit is used  
again.  
2. Prepare the mower deck for storage as follows:  
a. Remove mower deck from the unit.  
b. Clean underside of mower deck.  
STARTING AFTER LONG TERM  
STORAGE  
Before starting the unit after it has been stored for a long  
period of time, perform the following steps.  
c. Coat all bare metal surfaces with paint or light coat  
of oil to prevent rusting.  
3. Clean external surfaces and engine.  
4. Prepare engine for storage. See engine owners  
1. Remove any blocks from under the unit.  
2. Install the battery if it was removed.  
3. Unplug the exhaust outlet and air cleaner.  
manual.  
5. Clean any dirt or grass from cylinder head cooling  
fins, engine housing and air cleaner element.  
6. Cover air cleaner and exhaust outlet tightly with plas-  
tic or other waterproof material to keep out moisture,  
dirt and insects.  
4. Fill the fuel tank with fresh gasoline. See engine  
manual for recommendations.  
5. See engine owners manual and follow all instruc-  
7. Completely grease and oil unit as outlined in the  
Normal Care section.  
tions for preparing engine after storage.  
6. Check crankcase oil level and add proper oil if  
necessary. If any condensation has developed during  
storage, drain crankcase oil and refill.  
8. Clean up unit and apply paint or rust preventative to  
any areas where paint is chipped or damaged.  
9. Be sure the battery is filled to the proper level with  
water and is fully charged. Battery life will be  
increased if it is removed, put in a cool, dry place  
and fully charged about once a month. If battery is  
left in unit, disconnect the negative cable.  
7. Inflate tires to proper pressure. Check fluid levels.  
8. Start the engine and let it run slowly. DO NOT run at  
high speed immediately after starting. Be sure to run  
engine only outdoors or in well ventilated area.  
13  
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Regular  
Maintenance  
MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE & PROCEDURES  
The following schedule should be followed for normal care of your mower. You will need to keep a record of your  
operating time.  
See  
Page  
Before  
Before  
Every  
Every  
Every  
Spring  
& Fall  
SAFETY ITEMS  
First Use Each Use 5 Hours 25 Hours 100 Hours  
Check Safety Interlock System  
Check Mower Blade Stopping Time  
9
X
X
X
23  
See  
Page  
X
Before  
X
Every  
Before  
Every  
Every  
Spring  
& Fall  
NORMAL CARE ITEMS  
First Use Each Use 5 Hours 25 Hours 100 Hours  
Check Rider/Mower for loose hardware  
Check Engine Oil Level  
15*  
15*  
15*  
28  
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Check Engine Air Filter  
****X  
Change Engine Oil & Filter **  
Change Transmission Oil & Filters  
Lubricate Mower & Mower Deck  
Check Mower Deck Belt Tension***  
Check Tire Pressure  
****X Every 50 Hours ****X  
****X Every 500 Hours  
16  
X
****X  
24/25  
14  
X
X
X
****X  
****X  
X
Check Hydraulic Fluid  
15  
Check Fuel Filter  
15  
Clean Battery & Cables  
17  
X
Clean & Sharpen Mower Blades  
Inspect Spark Plug  
18  
X
15*  
X
* See the engine manufacturer's owner's manual.  
** Change original engine oil after first 5 hours of operation.  
*** Check belt tension after first 5 hours of operation.  
**** More often in hot (over 85° F: 30° C) weather or dusty operating conditions.  
CHECK TIRE PRESSURES  
Tire pressure should be checked periodically, and main-  
tained at the levels shown in the chart. Note that these  
pressures may differ slightly from the Max Inflation”  
stamped on the side-wall of the tires. The pressures  
shown provide proper traction, improve cut quality, and  
extend tire life.  
Tire  
Front  
Rear  
Pressure  
25 psi (172 kPa)  
15 psi (103 kPa)  
Figure 4. Checking Tire Pressure  
14  
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Regular Maintenance  
CHECKING / ADDING FUEL  
To add fuel:  
WARNING  
Gasoline is highly flammable and must be  
handled with care. Never fill the tank when the  
engine is still hot from recent operation. Do not  
allow open flame, smoking or matches in the area.  
Avoid over-filling and wipe up any spills.  
1. Remove the fuel cap (see A, Figure 2).  
2. Fill the tank to the bottom of the filler neck. This will  
allow for fuel expansion.  
NOTE: Do not overfill. Refer to your engine manual for  
specific fuel recommendations.  
Do not remove fuel filter when engine is hot, as  
spilled gasoline may ignite. DO NOT spread hose  
clamps further than necessary. Ensure clamps  
grip hoses firmly over filter after installation.  
3. Install and hand tighten the fuel cap.  
4. Repeat same process for opposite tank.  
FUEL FILTER  
The fuel filter (D, Figure 2) is located in the fuel line  
between fuel shut off valve and carburetor, near the fuel  
pump. If filter is dirty or clogged, replace as follows:  
Do not use gasoline containing METHANOL,  
gasohol containing more than 10% ethanol,  
gasoline additives, premium gasoline, or white  
gas because engine/fuel system damage  
could result.  
1. Shut off the fuel tank selection valve.  
2. Disconnect the negative battery cable.  
3. Place a container below the filter to catch spilled fuel.  
4. Using a pliers, open and slide hose clamps from fuel  
filter.  
5. Remove hoses from filter.  
A
6. Install new filter in proper flow direction in fuel line.  
7. Secure with hose clamps.  
8. Reconnect the negative battery cable when finished.  
B
OIL & FILTER CHANGE  
Refer to engine owners manual.  
CHECK / CHANGE AIR FILTER  
Refer to engine owners manual.  
C
REPLACE SPARK PLUG  
Refer to engine owners manual.  
CHECK HYDRAULIC OIL LEVEL  
1. Observe the oil reservoirs (B, Figure 2). The oil level  
D
should be at the FULLline (C, figure 2).  
2. Before removing the reservoir caps, make sure the  
area around the reservoir cap is free of dust, dirt, or  
other debris.  
Figure 5. Fuel Tank, Oil Reservoir & Fuel Filter  
A. Fuel Cap  
B. Oil Reservoirs  
C. FULLLine  
D. Fuel Filter  
3. If necessary, unscrew the reservoir cap and add SAE  
straight 20 or 30 weight motor oil. DO NOT use  
multi-grade oils. Fill until oil level reaches FULL”  
line.  
4. Reinstall oil reservoir caps.  
15  
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Regular Maintenance  
LUBRICATION  
Lubricate the machine at the lubrication points shown in  
Figures 6 - 11.  
Use grease fittings when present. Disassemble parts to  
apply grease to moving parts when grease fittings are  
not installed.  
Not all greases are compatible. Ferris Red Grease  
(P/N 22285) is strongly recommended. Automotive-type  
high-temperature, lithium grease may be used when this  
is not available.  
Figure 8. Blade Spindles  
Generally, all moving metal parts should be oiled where  
contact is made with other parts. Keep oil and grease  
off belts and pulleys. Remember to wipe fittings and  
surfaces clean both before and after lubrication.  
Figure 9. Caster Tire Pivots & Axles  
Figure 6. Motion Control Pivot & Rod Pivot  
Figure 10. Steering Lever Pivots & Operator  
Presence Pivots  
Figure 7. Lower Motion Control Pivots & Neutral  
Return Pedal Pivot  
Figure 11. Parking Brake Lever Pivot & Link Pivot  
16  
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Regular Maintenance  
BATTERY MAINTENANCE  
Checking the Battery Fluid  
NOTE: It is not necessary to check the battery fluid  
level if machine is equipped with a maintenance-free  
battery.  
A
1. Remove the battery box cover to access the battery.  
2. Remove the battery filler cap(s) (A, Figure 12). Fluid  
must be even with the split ring full mark. If not, add  
distilled water.  
3. Reinstall the filler cap(s).  
Cleaning the Battery and Cables  
B
1. Disconnect the cables from the battery, negative  
cable first (C, Figure 12).  
2. Clean the battery terminals and cable ends with a  
wire brush until shiny.  
C
3. Reinstall the battery and reattach the battery cables,  
positive cable first (see B, Figure 12)  
Figure 12. Battery Compartment  
A. Vent Cap(s)  
B. Positive (+) Cable & Terminal  
C. Negative (-) Cable & Terminal  
4. Coat the cable ends and battery terminals with petro-  
leum jelly or non-conducting grease.  
WARNING  
Be careful when handling the battery. Avoid  
spilling electrolyte. Keep flames and sparks away  
from the battery.  
When removing or installing battery cables,  
disconnect the negative cable FIRST and reconnect  
it LAST. If not done in this order, the positive  
terminal can be shorted to the frame by a tool.  
17  
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Regular Maintenance  
SERVICING THE MOWER BLADES  
1. Blades should be sharp and free of nicks and dents.  
If not, sharpen blades as described in following  
steps.  
2. Remove the deck guard.  
3. Raise the mower deck and secure with jackstands.  
4. To remove blade for sharpening, use two (2) 15/16”  
wrenches to remove the nut from the top of the blade  
bolt. (Figure 13).  
5. Use a file or hand-held grinder, sharpen blade to fine  
edge. Remove all nicks and dents in blade edge. If  
blade is severely damaged, it should be replaced.  
LOOSEN  
6. Balance the blade as shown in Figure 14. Center the  
blades hole on a nail lubricated with a drop of oil. A  
balanced blade will remain level.  
Figure 13. Removing the Blade  
7. Reinstall each blade with the tabs pointing up toward  
deck as shown in Figure 15. The blade spacers,  
blade, washer and bolt must be reinstalled in the  
exact same order in which they were removed.  
Torque bolts to 70-90 ft.lbs. (94-120 N.m.).  
WARNING  
Nail  
For your personal safety, blade mounting bolts  
must each be installed with a flat washer then  
securely tightened. Torque blade mounting bolts  
to 70-90 ft.lbs. (94-120 N.m.)  
Figure 14. Balancing the Blade  
B
A
TIGHTEN  
Figure 15. Installing the Blade  
A. Bolt  
B. Flat Washer  
18  
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Troubleshooting  
Adjustments & Service  
WARNING  
To avoid serious injury, perform maintenance on  
the mower only when the engine is stopped and  
the parking brake engaged.  
TROUBLESHOOTING  
While normal care and regular maintenance will extend  
the life of your equipment, prolonged or constant use  
may eventually require that service be performed to  
allow it to continue operating properly.  
The troubleshooting guide below lists the most common  
problems, their causes and remedies.  
Always remove the ignition key, disconnect the  
spark plug wire and fasten it away from the plug  
before beginning the maintenance, to prevent  
accidental starting of the engine.  
See the information on the following pages for instruc-  
tions on how to perform most of these minor adjust-  
ments and service repairs yourself. If you prefer, all of  
these procedures can be performed for you by your local  
authorized dealer.  
TROUBLESHOOTING THE MOWER  
PROBLEM  
CAUSE  
REMEDY  
Engine will not turnover or start.  
1. Parking brake not engaged.  
2. PTO (electric clutch) switch  
in ON position.  
1. Engage parking brake.  
2. Place in OFF position.  
3. Out of fuel.  
3. If engine is hot, allow it to cool, then refill  
the fuel tank.  
4. Engine flooded.  
5. Fuse blown.  
4. Move throttle control out of CHOKE position.  
5. Replace fuse.  
6. Battery terminals require  
cleaning.  
6. Clean the battery terminals  
7. Battery discharged or dead.  
8. Wiring loose or broken.  
7. Recharge or replace.  
8. Visually check wiring & replace broken or  
frayed wires. Tighten loose connections.  
9. Repair or replace. See authorized service dealer  
10. Replace as needed. See authorized  
service dealer.  
9. Solenoid or starter motor faulty.  
10. Safety interlock switch  
faulty.  
11. Spark plug(s) faulty, fouled  
or incorrectly gapped.  
12. Water in fuel.  
11. Clean and gap or replace.  
See engine manual.  
12. Drain fuel & refill with fresh fuel.  
13. Drain fuel & replace with fresh fuel.  
13. Gas is old or stale.  
Engine starts hard or runs poorly. 1. Fuel mixture too rich.  
1. Clean air filter. Check choke adjustment  
(throttle control).  
2. Spark plug faulty, fouled, or  
incorrectly gapped.  
2. Clean and gap or replace.  
(See engine manual.)  
Engine knocks.  
1. Low oil level.  
2. Using wrong grade oil.  
1. Check/add oil as required.  
2. See engine manual.  
Excessive oil consumption.  
1. Engine running too hot.  
1. Clean engine fins, blower screen and  
air cleaner.  
2. Using wrong weight oil.  
3. Too much oil in crankcase.  
2. See engine manual.  
3. Drain excess oil.  
Engine exhaust is black.  
1. Dirty air filter.  
2. Engine choke control  
is in closed position.  
1. Replace air filter. See engine manual.  
2. Open choke control.  
19  
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Troubleshooting, Adjustment & Service  
Rider Troubleshooting Continued.  
PROBLEM  
CAUSE  
REMEDY  
Engine runs, but mower will  
not drive.  
1. Transmission release lever(s)  
in neutralposition.  
1. Move into drive position.  
2. Belt is broken.  
3. Drive belt slips.  
4. Brake is not fully released.  
2. See Drive Belt Replacement.  
3. See problem and cause below.  
4. See authorized service dealer  
Transmission drive belt slips.  
Brake will not hold.  
1. Pulleys or belt greasy or oily.  
2. Belt stretched or worn.  
1. Clean as required.  
2. Replace belt.  
1. Internal brake disc on  
transaxle worn.  
1. See authorized service dealer  
Mower steers hard or  
handles poorly.  
1. Steering linkage is loose.  
2. Improper tire inflation.  
1. Check and tighten any loose connections.  
2. See Regular Maintenance Section.  
TROUBLESHOOTING THE MOWER DECK  
PROBLEM  
CAUSE  
REMEDY  
Mower cut is uneven.  
1. Mower not leveled properly.  
2. Drive tires not inflated  
equally or properly.  
1. See Mower Adjustment.  
2. See Regular Maintenance Section.  
Mower cut is rough looking.  
1. Engine speed too slow.  
2. Ground speed too fast.  
3. Blades are dull.  
1. Set throttle to full.  
2. Decrease Ground Speed.  
3. Sharpen or replace blades.  
See Mower Blade Service.  
4. Clean or replace belt as necessary.  
4. Mower drive belt slipping  
because it is oily or worn.  
5. Blades not properly fastened  
to arbors.  
5. See Servicing the Mower Blades.  
Engine stalls easily with  
mower engaged.  
1. Engine speed too slow.  
2. Ground speed too fast.  
3. Cutting height set too low.  
1. Set to full throttle.  
2. Decrease Ground Speed.  
3. Cut tall grass at maximum cutting  
height during first pass.  
4. Discharge chute jamming  
with cut grass.  
4. Cut grass with discharge pointing toward  
previously cut area.  
Excessive mower vibration.  
1. Blade mounting screws  
are loose.  
1. Tighten to 70-90 ft.lbs. (94-120 N.m.).  
2. Mower blades, arbors,  
or pulleys are bent.  
3. Mower blades are out  
of balance.  
2. Check and replace as necessary.  
3. Remove, sharpen, and balance blades.  
See Maintenance Section.  
4. Belt installed incorrectly.  
4. Reinstall Correctly.  
Excessive belt wear or breakage. 1. Bent or rough pulleys.  
1. Repair or replace.  
2. Using incorrect belt.  
2. Replace with correct belt.  
Mower drive belt slips  
or fails to drive.  
1. Belt tension improperly adjusted. 1. Adjust belt tension. See Belt Replacement  
1. Idler pulley spring broken or not  
properly adjusted.  
1. Repair or adjust as needed.  
2. Mower drive belt broken.  
2. Replace drive belt.  
20  
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Troubleshooting, Adjustment & Service  
Mount  
Position  
Blade  
Spacers  
Caster  
Spacers  
MOWING HEIGHT ADJUSTMENT  
Height Of Cut  
The mowing height is determined by three factors: the  
mount position of the mower deck, the number of blade  
spacers above the spindle and the number of caster  
spacers above the caster arm.  
(C, Fig. 16) (B, Fig. 16) (A, Fig. 16)  
1-3/4”  
2”  
2-1/4”  
2-1/2”  
2-3/4”  
3”  
3-1/4”  
3-1/2”  
3-3/4”  
4”  
U
U
U
U
L
L
L
L
L
1
2
3
3
4
2
3
3
4
5
3
3
3
2
2
1
1
0
0
0
Refer to the Height Of Cut chart to the right for the cor-  
rect settings to obtain the desired height of cut.  
Remember, the Blade Spacersand Caster Spacers”  
columns refer to the number ABOVE the spindle and  
caster arm. See Figure 16.  
L
C
A
B
B
A
Figure 16. Mowing Height Adjustment Points  
A. Caster Spacers  
B. Blade Spacers  
C. Deck Mount Position (shown in L)  
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Troubleshooting, Adjustment & Service  
DECK LEVELING ADJUSTMENT  
(DDSH Models only)  
1. Make sure there is one spacer above and below the  
frame on the front caster shafts and place hairpin  
clips in the 2cutting height position (see Figure 17).  
B
2. Rotate the blade on the RIGHT-HAND side (dis-  
charge side) until the tip faces the front of the  
machine.  
A
Figure 17. Caster Spacers & Hairpin Clip  
A. Caster Spacer  
B. Hairpin Clip  
3. Loosen the jam nuts (A, Figure 18) located on the  
front deck hanger shafts (B, Figure 18). Turn the  
right side shaft until a cutting height of 2is obtained  
at the very tip of the blade towards the front of the  
machine.  
B
A
Figure 18. Front Hanger Shaft Adjustment  
A. Jam Nut  
B. Front Hanger Shaft  
4. Now place a straight edge on top of the cutter deck  
approximately 1to the outside of the front deck  
mount on the right side and measure to the floor  
(see Figure 19). Record your measurement.  
5. Repeat the measuring procedure listed in Step 4 for  
the left-hand side of the mower deck.  
Straight Edge  
Measure Here  
6. Compare the measurements taken in Step 4 & 5. If  
they differ by more than 1/16, the front deck hanger  
shaft on the LEFT side (non-discharge side) must be  
adjusted.  
7. Adjust the two front hanger shafts as needed until  
the tip of the blade is 2from the floor and the meas-  
urements taken from the top of the deck to the floor  
are within 1/16" of each other.  
Figure 19. Mowing Height Measurement  
8. Once the level of the deck has been adjusted, there  
should be no slack in the front hanger shafts. If one  
shaft moves, a shim (P/N 20928) is required.  
22  
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Troubleshooting, Adjustment & Service  
Shimming the Hanger Shafts  
B
Once it has been determined that a shim (P/N 20928) is  
required, you first must determine which rear hanger  
shaft requires the shim.  
A
The shim (A, Figure 20) must be placed in between the  
spacer (B, Figure 20) and the retaining collar (C, Figure  
20) on the OPPOSITE side from which the front shaft  
has movement or slack (see Figure 21).  
C
Once the shim has been assembled in the proper loca-  
tion, repeat Step 2 - 8 in the DECK LEVELING  
ADJUSTMENT section. This adjustment may need to  
be repeated more than once until the proper number of  
shims has been installed to obtain the proper cutting  
height, equal measurements from side to side and no  
movement of the front hanger shafts.  
Figure 20. Shim Assembly Position  
A. Shim  
B. Spacer  
C. Retaining Collar  
Figure 21. Proper Shim Location  
MOWING HEIGHT ADJUSTMENT  
(DDSH Models only)  
CUTTING HEIGHT  
C
CASTER SPACER PLACEMENT  
Refer to the Height Selection decal (A, Figure 22) locat-  
ed on the deck hanger frame and adjust the positions of  
the caster spacers and hairpins to obtain the desired  
mowing height. Perform adjustment to all four shafts.  
2-1/4  
2-3/4  
3-1/4  
3-3/4  
4-1/4  
4-3/4  
2
1-3/4  
2-1/4  
2-3/4  
3-1/4  
3-3/4  
4-1/4  
2-1/2  
3
3-1/2  
4
4-1/2  
46028  
B
A
Figure 22. Mowing Height Adjustment  
A. Height Selection Decal  
B. Caster Spacer  
C. Hairpin Clip  
23  
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Troubleshooting, Adjustment & Service  
MOWER BELT REPLACEMENT AND  
ADJUSTMENT  
To avoid damaging belts, DO NOT  
PRY BELTS OVER PULLEYS.  
PTO Clutch to Deck Belt  
A
D
1. Park the machine on a smooth, level surface such as  
a concrete floor. Disengage the PTO, engage the  
parking brake, turn off the engine, and remove the  
ignition key.  
C
E
Check  
Tension Here  
2. Remove the mower deck guard.  
3. Remove the rear engine deck guard.  
4. Loosen the wing nut (C, Figure 23) to release the  
belt tension on the deck drive belt (B, Figure 23).  
5. Slide the drive belt over the edge of the spindle pul-  
ley and then slide the belt around the idler pulley.  
Drop the belt from the PTO clutch pulley groove.  
B
6. Remove the old belt and replace with a new one.  
Make sure the V-side of the belt runs in the pulley  
grooves.  
F
Figure 23. PTO Clutch to Deck Belt  
7. Install the drive belt on the PTO pulley, the idler pul-  
ley and center spindle pulley. Tighten the wing nut  
(C, Figure 23) until a 10 lb. (44.5 newton) force is  
required to deflect the belt 1/2(1,27cm) between the  
idler pulley and center spindle pulley. Jam hex nut  
(D, Figure 23) against anchor. See Figure 23.  
8. Run the mower under no-load condition for about 5  
minutes to break-in the new belt and re-check belt  
tension. Adjust if necessary.  
A. Stationary Idler Pulley  
B. Deck Drive Belt  
C. Wing Nut  
D. Hex Nut  
E. Adjustable Idler Pulley  
F. Center Spindle Pulley  
Spindle Belt  
C
B
A
1. Remove PTO clutch to Deck belt. See instructions  
above.  
2. Loosen the nylon nut (C, Figure 24) to release the  
belt tension on the spindle drive belt (B, Figure 24).  
3. Slide the drive belt over the edge of one of the spin-  
dle pulleys and then slide the belt around the idler  
pulley and remaining spindle pulleys.  
A
Check  
Tension Here  
D
4. Remove the old belt and replace with a new one.  
Make sure the V-side of the belt runs in the pulley  
grooves (for single v-section belts).  
A
Figure 24. Spindle Drive Belt  
A. Spindle Pulley  
B. Spindle Drive Belt  
C. Nylon Lock Nut  
5. Install the spindle drive belt on the spindle pulleys  
and the idler pulley. Tighten the nylon nut (C, Figure  
24) until a 10 lb. (44.5 newton) force is required to  
deflect the belt 1/2(1,27cm) between the idler pulley  
and right-hand spindle pulley. See Figure 24.  
D. Idler Pulley  
6. Run the mower under no-load condition for about 5  
minutes to break-in the new belt and re-check belt  
tension. Adjust if necessary.  
24  
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Troubleshooting, Adjustment & Service  
MOWER BELT REPLACEMENT AND  
ADJUSTMENT  
(DDSH Models only)  
To avoid damaging belts, DO NOT  
PRY BELTS OVER PULLEYS.  
1. Park the machine on a smooth, level surface such as  
a concrete floor. Disengage the PTO, engage the  
parking brake, turn off the engine, and remove the  
ignition key.  
B
A
2. Remove the mower deck guard.  
3. Remove the rear engine deck guard.  
Figure 25. 52Mower PTO Belt  
A. Belt Tension Spring  
B. Spring Compression Nut  
4. Loosen the spring compression nut (B, Figure 25 &  
26) to release the belt tension.  
5. Slide the drive belt over the edge of the idler pulley  
and then slide the belt under the idler pulley. Drop  
the belt from the PTO clutch pulley groove.  
6. Remove the old belt and replace with a new one.  
Make sure the V-side of the belt runs in the pulley  
grooves (Figure 27).  
B
A
7. Install the drive belt on the PTO pulley, the spindle  
pulleys and idler pulleys. Tighten the spring com-  
pression nut (B, Figure 25 & 26) until the belt tension  
spring (A, Figure 25 & 26) is 3/4(1,90cm) long.  
8. Run the mower under no-load condition for about 5  
minutes to break-in the new belt and re-check spring  
length. Adjust if necessary.  
Figure 26. 61Mower PTO Belt  
A. Belt Tension Spring  
B. Spring Compression Nut  
C
D
A
A
A
B
D
D
Figure 27. Mower PTO Belt Routing  
A. Spindle Pulley  
B. PTO Drive Belt  
C. Spring-loaded Idler Pulley  
D. Stationary Idler Pulley  
25  
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Troubleshooting, Adjustment & Service  
TRANSMISSION DRIVE BELT  
REPLACEMENT  
B
C
FRONT  
A
E
D
To avoid damaging belts, DO NOT  
PRY BELTS OVER PULLEYS.  
I
1. Remove the deck drive belt. See MOWER BELT  
REPLACEMENT AND ADJUSTMENT sections.  
2. Remove the grass screen that covers the transmis-  
sion cooling fans.  
F
3. Remove the clutch anchor bolts (A, Figure 28) that  
fasten the clutch anchor pad to the anchor.  
4. Unplug the PTO clutch from the wire harness.  
5. Remove the spring anchor nut (E) and remove the  
belt tension spring (D).  
G
G
H
Figure 28. Transmission Drive Belt  
WARNING  
A. Anchor Hardware  
B. Clutch Anchor Pad  
F. Spring-loaded Idler Pulley  
G. Transmission Input Pulley  
STORED ENERGY DEVICE: Improper release of  
the belt tension spring can result in personal  
injury.  
C. PTO Clutch & Drive Pulley H. Belt  
D. Belt Tension Spring  
E. Spring Anchor Nut  
I. Stationary Idler Pulley  
Use extreme caution when removing this spring.  
6. Drop the belt (H) from the crankshaft pulley and  
around the PTO clutch.  
7. From the front of the machine, pull the belt towards  
the front while sliding it up and over the transmission  
cooling fans.  
8. Remove the old belt and replace with a new one.  
Make sure the V-side of the belt runs in the pulley  
grooves.  
9. Install belt over the transmission cooling fans and on  
the transmission input pulleys (G), around the idler  
pulleys (F & I) and on the crankshaft pulley.  
10. Reinstall the belt tension spring (D) onto the anchor  
bolt and reinstall the nylon nut (E).  
11. Plug the PTO clutch into the wire harness.  
12. Reinstall the clutch anchor pad and hardware (B &  
A). Tighten securely.  
13. Reinstall grass screen and fasten securely.  
14. Reinstall the deck drive belt. See MOWER BELT  
REPLACEMENT AND ADJUSTMENT sections.  
26  
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Troubleshooting, Adjustment & Service  
TRANSMISSION NEUTRAL &  
TRACKING ADJUSTMENTS  
Neutral Adjustment  
1. Park the machine on a smooth, level surface such as  
a concrete floor, away from bystanders and prefer-  
ably facing a wall. Disengage the PTO, engage the  
parking brake, turn off the engine, and remove the  
ignition key.  
2. Chock the front caster wheels. Raise the drive  
wheels off the ground and secure the machine with  
jack stands.  
B
3. Start the engine and adjust throttle control to SLOW  
(lowest setting). See the STARTING THE ENGINE  
section for proper starting instructions.  
A
Figure 29. Neutral & Tracking Adjustment Points  
A. Left-Hand Adjustment  
4. Disengage the parking brake.  
B. Right-Hand Adjustment  
5. Using a 1/2deep socket, SLOWLY turn the adjust-  
ment nut COUNTER-CLOCKWISE until the drive tire  
begins to rotate forward.  
6. SLOWLY turn the adjustment nut CLOCKWISE until  
the drive tire begins to rotate backwards.  
7. Set the adjustment half way in between where the  
forward and backwards rotations began.  
8. Adjust the throttle control to FULL (highest setting).  
Cycle the speed control lever and neutral return  
pedal several times to insure and accurate adjust-  
ment has been made.  
Tracking Adjustment  
Before making a tracking adjustment, be sure to check  
the following:  
Drive tires are inflated to 15 psi (103 kPa).  
Caster tires are inflated to 25 psi (172 kPa), are  
greased and turn freely.  
All controls are free from damage and operate freely.  
Machine is at full operating temperature.  
Make sure the machine is in neutral when the foot  
pedal is depressed. If not, adjust neutral as  
described above.  
If Machine Veers to the RIGHT:  
If Machine Veers to the LEFT:  
1. Turn the RIGHT adjustment nut 1/8 - 1/4 turn  
COUNTER-CLOCKWISE.  
1. Turn the LEFT adjustment nut 1/8 - 1/4 turn  
COUNTER-CLOCKWISE.  
2. Turn the LEFT adjustment nut 1/8 - 1/4 turn  
CLOCKWISE.  
2. Turn the RIGHT adjustment nut 1/8 - 1/4 turn  
CLOCKWISE.  
3. Drive machine on a flat, level surface to test and  
repeat steps 1 & 2 as necessary.  
3. Drive machine on a flat, level surface to test and  
repeat steps 1 & 2 as necessary.  
27  
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Troubleshooting, Adjustment & Service  
TRANSMISSION MAINTENANCE  
AND SERVICE  
B
The hydrostatic transmissions are sealed units that  
require no maintenance other than the following.  
Keep the grass screen and transmission cooling fins  
clear or grass, leaves and debris.  
Keep oil level in the reservoirs (A, Figure 30) at the  
FULLline (B, Figure 30). Extra oil in the reservoir  
will not benefit the machine.  
C
If it is necessary to add oil to the reservoirs, use SAE  
straight 20 or 30 weight motor oil. DO NOT use a  
multi-grade oils. Make sure the area around the oil  
reservoirs is free from dust, dirt and debris before  
opening the reservoirs.  
Figure 30. Oil Reservoirs  
A. Oil Reservoirs  
B. FULLLine  
Make sure the oil reservoirs caps are tight.  
Keep water, dirt and debris from entering the oil  
reservoirs. A small amount of a contaminant could  
damage the transmissions.  
Changing Oil & Filters  
Make sure transmissions and imme-  
diate surrounding areas are free from  
dirt and debris before changing the  
oil and filters. Cleanliness while per-  
forming this operation is extremely  
important.  
1. Park the machine on a smooth, level surface such as  
a concrete floor. Disengage the PTO, engage the  
parking brake, turn off the engine, and remove the  
ignition key.  
Figure 31. Transmission Oil Filter Location  
(left-hand side shown)  
2. Place a drain pan under each transmission and  
remove the filters to drain the oil. See Figure 31.  
3. Once oil has drained from transmissions, replace  
with new filters (P/N 21068-1), placing a light film on  
the seal of the filter before installing. Hand-tighten  
filter only.  
4. Fill oil reservoirs 3/4 full with SAE straight 20 or 30  
weight motor oil.  
To Bleed Air From Transmissions  
3. Run engine for 15 minutes. Watch the oil level in the  
reservoirs. Add oil to the FULLline (B, Figure 30)  
as necessary.  
1. Locate the machine in a secure area, away from  
bystanders and preferably facing a wall. Raise the  
drive tires off the ground and secure with jackstands.  
4. Watch oil levels for the next few days and add oil to  
the reservoirs as necessary.  
2. Start the engine and adjust throttle control to FULL  
(highest setting). See the STARTING THE ENGINE  
section for proper starting instructions.  
28  
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Troubleshooting, Adjustment & Service  
A
B
B
B
C
Figure 33. Adjust PTO Clutch  
A. Window  
B. Adjustment Nut  
A
B
C. .012-.018(0,30-0,45mm) Feeler Gauge  
Figure 32. PTO Clutch Adjustment  
A. Adjustment Window (Qty. 3, one shown)  
B. Adjustment Nut  
PTO CLUTCH ADJUSTMENT  
WARNING  
Check the PTO clutch adjustment after the initial 50 hour  
break-in period and then after every 250 hours of opera-  
tion. Also perform the following procedure if the clutch is  
slipping or will not engage, or if a new clutch has been  
installed.  
To avoid serious injury, perform adjustments only  
with engine stopped, key removed and machine  
on level ground.  
Blade Brake Check  
1. Remove key from ignition switch and disconnect  
spark plug wires to prevent the possibility of acciden-  
tal starting while the PTO is being adjusted.  
Mower blades and mower drive belts should come to a  
complete stop within seven seconds after electric PTO  
switch is turned off.  
2. See Figure 32. Note the position of the 3 adjustment  
windows (A) in the side of the brake plate and the  
nylock adjustment nuts (B).  
1. Remove deck guard(s) for checking blade brake stop  
time ONLY. NEVER OPERATE the machine without  
guard(s) in place.  
3. Insert a .012-.018(0,30-0,45mm) feeler gauge (C)  
through each window, positioning the gauge between  
the rotor face and the armature face as shown in  
Figure 33.  
1. With parking brake engaged and PTO disengage,  
start the engine engine.  
2. Observe the mower drive belt. Engage the PTO and  
wait several seconds. Disengage the PTO and check  
the amount of time it takes for the mower drive belt  
to stop.  
4. Alternately tighten the adjustment nuts (B, Figure 32)  
until the rotor face and armature face just contacts  
the gauge.  
3. If the mower drive belt does not stop within seven  
seconds, perform the PTO Clutch Adjustment. If the  
belt still does not stop within seven seconds, see  
your dealer.  
5. Check the windows for an equal amount of tension  
when the gauge is inserted and removed, and make  
any necessary adjustments by tightening or loosen-  
ing the adjustment nuts.  
NOTE: The actual air gap between the rotor and arma-  
ture may vary even after performing the adjustment pro-  
cedure. This is due to dimensional variations on compo-  
nent parts, and is an acceptable condition.  
6. Check the mower blade stopping time. The mower  
blades and mower drive belt should come to a com-  
plete stop within seven seconds after the electric  
PTO switch is turned off.  
29  
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Troubleshooting, Adjustment & Service  
Jump Starting With Auxiliary (Booster)  
Battery  
BATTERY SERVICE  
WARNING  
Keep open flames and sparks away from the  
battery; the gasses coming from it are highly  
explosive. Ventilate the battery well during  
charging.  
Jump starting is not recommended. However, if it must  
be done, follow these directions. Both booster and dis-  
charged batteries should be treated carefully when using  
jumper cables. Follow the steps below EXACTLY, being  
careful not to cause sparks. Refer to Figure 34.  
1. Both batteries must be of the same voltage.  
2. Position the vehicle with the booster battery adjacent  
to the vehicle with the discharged battery so that  
booster cables can be connected easily to the batter-  
ies in both vehicles. Make certain vehicles do not  
touch each other.  
Checking Battery Voltage  
A voltmeter can be used to determine condition of bat-  
tery. When engine is off, the voltmeter shows battery  
voltage, which should be 12 volts. When engine is run-  
ning, the voltmeter shows voltage of charging circuit  
which normally is 13 to 14 volts.  
3. Wear safety glasses and shield eyes and face from  
batteries at all times. Be sure vent caps are tight.  
Place damp cloth over vent caps on both batteries.  
A dead battery or one too weak to start the engine may  
not mean the battery needs to be replaced. For exam-  
ple, it may mean that the alternator is not charging the  
battery properly. If there is any doubt about the cause of  
the problem, see your dealer. If you need to replace the  
battery, follow the steps under Cleaning the Battery &  
Cables in the Regular Maintenance Section.  
4. Connect positive (+) cable to positive post of dis-  
charged battery (wired to starter or solenoid).  
5. Connect the other end of same cable to same post  
marked positive (+) on booster battery.  
6. Connect the second cable negative (-) to other post  
of booster battery.  
7. Make final connection on engine block of stalled  
vehicle away from battery. Do not lean over batter-  
ies.  
Charging a Completely Discharged Battery  
1. Be aware of all the safety precautions you should  
observe during the charging operation. If you are  
unfamiliar with the use of a battery charger and  
hydrometer, have the battery serviced by your dealer.  
8. Start the engine of the vehicle with the booster bat-  
tery. Wait a few minutes, then attempt to start the  
engine of the vehicle with the discharged battery.  
2. Add distilled water sufficient to cover the plate (fill to  
the proper level near the end of the charge). If the  
battery is extremely cold, allow it to warm before  
adding water because the water level will rise as it  
warms. Also, an extremely cold battery will not  
accept a normal charge until it becomes warm.  
9. If the vehicle does not start after cranking for thirty  
seconds, STOP PROCEDURE. More than thirty sec-  
onds seldom starts the engine unless some mechan-  
ical adjustment is made.  
10. After starting, allow the engine to return to idle  
speed. Remove the cable connection at the engine  
or frame. Then remove the other end of the same  
cable from the booster battery.  
3. Always unplug or turn the charger off before attach-  
ing or removing the clamp connections.  
4. Carefully attach the clamps to the battery in proper  
polarity (usually red to [+] positive and black to [-]  
negative).  
11. Remove the other cable by disconnecting at the dis-  
charged battery first and then disconnect the oppo-  
site end from the booster battery.  
5. While charging, periodically measure the tempera-  
ture of the electrolyte. If the temperature exceeds  
125° F (51.6° C), or if violent gassing or spewing of  
electrolyte occurs, the charging rate must be reduced  
or temporarily halted to prevent battery damage.  
12. Discard the damp cloths that were placed over the  
battery vent caps.  
6. Charge the battery until fully charged (until the spe-  
cific gravity of the electrolyte is 1.250 or higher and  
the electrolyte temperature is at least 60° F). The  
best method of making certain a battery is fully  
charged, but not over charged, is to measure the  
specific gravity of a cell once per hour. The battery  
is fully charged when the cells are gassing freely at  
low charging rate and less than 0.003 change in spe-  
cific gravity occurs over a three hour period.  
30  
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Troubleshooting, Adjustment & Service  
THIS HOOK-UP FOR NEGATIVE GROUND VEHICLES  
To  
To  
Starter  
Switch  
Starter  
Switch  
Jumper Cable  
Starting  
Vehicle  
Battery  
Discharged  
Vehicle  
Battery  
Jumper Cable  
To Ground  
Engine  
Block  
MAKE CERTAIN VEHICLES DO NOT TOUCH  
Figure 34. Jump Starting  
WARNING  
WARNING  
Any procedure other than the preceding could  
result in:  
For your personal safety, use extreme care when  
jump starting. Never expose battery to open flame  
or electric spark battery action generates  
hydrogen gas which is flammable and explosive.  
Do not allow battery acid to contact skin, eyes,  
fabrics, or painted surfaces. Batteries contain a  
sulfuric acid solution which can cause serious  
personal injury or property damage.  
(1) personal injury caused by electrolyte  
squirting out the battery vents,  
(2) personal injury or property damage due to  
battery explosion,  
(3) damage to the charging system of the  
booster vehicle or of the immobilized  
vehicle.  
When removing or installing battery cables,  
disconnect the negative cable FIRST and  
reconnect it LAST. If not done in this order, the  
positive terminal can be shorted to the frame by a  
tool.  
Do not attempt to jump start a vehicle having a  
frozen battery because the battery may rupture or  
explode. If a frozen battery is suspected, examine  
all fill vents on the battery. If ice can be seen or if  
the electrolyte fluid cannot be seen, do not  
attempt to start with jumper cables as long as the  
battery remains frozen.  
To avoid engine damage, do not disconnect  
battery while engine is running. Be sure terminal  
connections are tight before starting.  
31  
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Common Replacement Parts & Accessories  
COMMON REPLACEMENT PARTS  
ACCESSORIES  
Listed below are parts numbers for the more common  
replacement parts. Use only genuine Ferris replace-  
ment parts to assure optimum performance and safety.  
See your dealer to purchase any of the following acces-  
sories for you machine.  
50Snow Blower (SB50) & Hitch (MHW)  
60Dozer Blade (DB60) & Hitch (MHW)  
48Rotary Broom (SWRB48) & Hitch (HDD)  
60Rotary Broom (SWRB60) & Hitch (HDD)  
48Deck Belt (PTO to Spindle)............................21723  
48Deck Belt (Spindle)........................................20873  
48Deck Blades (Set of 3)................................20843S  
52Deck Belt (PTO to Spindle)............................21420  
52Deck Belt (Spindle)........................................21297  
52Deck Belt (DDSH Model)...............................22435  
52Deck Blades (Set of 3)................................21227S  
61Deck Belt (PTO to Spindle)............................21510  
61Deck Belt (Spindle)........................................20824  
61Deck Belt (DDSH Model)...............................22061  
61Deck Blades (Set of 3)................................20842S  
Transmission Drive Belt .....................................22173  
Caster Tire (complete assembly) .......................21181S  
Caster Tire Only................................................21181-1  
Caster Tire Tube................................................21181-2  
Caster Hub w/ Bearings ................................21181-3S  
Bearing (for caster tires).......................................21182  
Bearing Retainer (for caster tires) .......................21043  
Bushing (for caster arms).....................................21541  
Transmission Oil Filter ....................................21068-1  
Touch-Up Spray Paint (12 oz can)......................22585  
(Ferris Red)  
Ferris Red Grease (14.5 oz. Tube) ......................22285  
Note: Information listed above is correct at time of printing, and  
are subject to changes in availability and specifications without  
notice. Part numbers may be superceded by other part numbers.  
32  
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Lawn Care  
& Mowing Information  
• Types of Grass, Climate and Conditions  
• How and When to Water, Fertilize & Aerate  
• How High to Mow the Grass  
• When and How Often to Mow  
• What Mowing Patterns to Use  
GENERAL INFORMATION  
Proper mowing is an important part of maintaining your  
lawn in the best possible condition. A healthy and well  
maintained lawn is better able to resist drought, weeds,  
and other stresses. But too much maintenance is as  
detrimental to your lawn as neglect. Proper care for your  
lawn involves more than just “cutting the grass.” To have  
a healthy lawn, you need to know:  
• Proper Mowing Methods  
• How to Solve Common Mowing Problems  
TYPES OF GRASS, CLIMATE AND  
CONDITIONS  
A variety of grasses are commonly grown in household  
lawns, but two main groups known as cool-season  
grasses (varieties of bluegrass, ryegrass, and fescue),  
and warm-season grasses (typically bermuda, buffalo  
grass, and zoysia varieties) are the most common.  
The cool-season grasses are better suited to cooler cli-  
mates, and do not endure hot and dry weather as well as  
warm-season grasses, but conversely, the warm-season  
grasses do not grow as well in cooler climates. Most resi-  
dential lawns are typically seeded with a mixture of these  
grasses. (A local nursery or lawn center may help you to  
identify what kind of grass your lawn contains from a  
sample.)  
HOW TO WATER YOUR LAWN  
Knowing your climate and conditions is also important to  
proper lawn care. Drier climates or conditions will require  
additional watering, while wetter climates may require  
more frequent mowing.  
The best method of watering a lawn is to imitate a slow,  
soaking rain, applying about 1 inch of water. A method  
of verifying the amount that you have watered, is to place  
several empty tin cans (low shallow cans work best) in  
various spots around the lawn, and check the depth of  
water in the can during the watering process.  
HOW AND WHEN TO WATER,  
FERTILIZE & AERATE  
HOW TO FERTILIZE YOUR LAWN  
Fertilizing with a slow-release fertilizer provides missing  
nutrients which help create slow, even growth. While  
opinions vary on the need for fertilizing, when and how  
much to fertilize will be more a factor of the condition of  
the lawn and soil than any routine. Remember that over-  
fertilizing can cause harm, and that most fertilizing  
should be applied in the spring so that it will release into  
the lawn through the summer. For more information,  
check with a local nursery or lawn care specialist, and  
read and follow the fertilizer manufacturer’s instructions.  
Every lawn’s watering needs are unique and are depen-  
dent upon the type of grass and soil, the amount of local  
rainfall, and other conditions. Most lawns are watered  
too often, but with too little water. However too much  
water can allow development of diseases with your lawn.  
It is best to water the lawn only when necessary, and  
then to water it slowly, evenly, and deeply—imitating  
a slow, soaking rain.  
WHEN TO WATER YOUR LAWN  
AERATING YOUR LAWN  
When the lawn begins to wilt, the grass’s color dulls, or  
footprints stay compressed for more than a few seconds,  
the lawn is beginning to dry out, and needs additional  
moisture. The best time to water is early morning to allow  
the water to soak deeply into the lawn and reduce the  
amount that evaporates in the hot afternoon sun.  
Consider aerating your lawn in spring. Using an aerator  
to remove cores of soil from the lawn increases the  
speed of clipping decomposition and encourages deeper  
root growth by opening up the soil and permitting greater  
movement of water, fertilizer and air.  
TP 600-7000-01-UV-FD  
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Lawn Care & Mowing Information  
HOW HIGH TO  
Cut less than  
MOW THE GRASS  
1/3  
Often cutting height is a  
matter of personal prefer-  
ence. Typically, you should  
mow the grass when it is is  
between three and five  
Optimal  
cutting point  
at less than  
1/3 from top  
of grass blade  
inches high. The proper  
cutting height range for a  
specific lawn will depend  
upon several factors,  
including the type of grass,  
the amount of rainfall, the  
prevailing temperature, and  
the lawn’s overall condition.  
Cutting down to this  
area contributes to  
thatch problems  
Cutting the grass too short  
causes weak, thin grass  
plants, which are easily  
damaged by dry periods  
and pests. Cutting too short  
is often more damaging  
than allowing the grass to be slightly higher.  
Letting grass grow a bit longer—especially when it is hot and  
dry—reduces heat build-up, preserves needed moisture and  
protects the grass from heat damage and other problems.  
However, allowing grass to grow too high can cause thin turf  
and additional problems.  
1/3  
Cutting off too much at one time shocks the plant’s growth  
system and weakens the grass plants. A good rule of  
thumb is the 1/3 rule: to cut no more than one third of  
the grass height, and never more than 1 inch at a time.  
The amount of grass you are able to cut in one pass is also  
effected by the type of mowing system you are using (for  
example, broadcasting with side discharge decks can  
process a much larger volume of grass than mulching does).  
1 inch  
NOTE: We cover some specific mowing instructions for  
mulching and broadcasting later in this Lawn Care section.  
Proper Cutting Height  
Cut Here On  
First Pass  
Cut  
Tall Grass Requires Incremental Cutting  
Here On  
Second  
Pass  
For extremely tall grass, set the cutting height at maxi-  
mum for the first pass, and then reset it to the desired  
height and mow a second or third time.  
Don’t cover the grass surface with a heavy layer of  
clippings. Consider using a grass collection system  
and starting a compost pile.  
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Lawn Care & Mowing Information  
WHEN AND HOW OFTEN TO MOW  
The time of day and condition of the grass greatly affect  
the results you’ll get when mowing. For the best results,  
follow these guidelines:  
l Mow when the grass is between three and five inches  
high.  
l Mow with sharp blades. Short clippings of grass one  
inch or shorter decompose more quickly than longer  
blades. Sharp mower blades cut grass cleanly and  
efficiently, preventing frayed edges which harm the  
grass.  
l Mow at time of day when the grass is cool and dry.  
Late afternoon or early evening often provide these  
ideal mowing conditions.  
l Avoid mowing after rain or even heavy dew, and  
never mulch when the grass is wet (moist grass does  
not mulch well, and clumps beneath the mower  
deck).  
WHAT MOWING PATTERNS TO USE  
Always start mowing on a smooth, level area.  
Where possible, make one or two passes around the  
outside of the area discharging the grass INTO the lawn  
to keep the cut grass off fences and walks.  
The size and type of area to be mowed will determine  
the best mowing pattern to use. Obstructions such as  
trees, fences and buildings, and conditions such as  
slopes and grades must also be considered.  
l Cut long straight strips overlapping slightly.  
l Where possible, change patterns occasionally to  
eliminate matting, graining or a corrugated appear-  
ance.  
l For a truly professional cut, mow across the lawn in  
one direction, then recut the lawn by mowing perpen-  
dicular to the previous cut.  
Note: Always operate the engine at full throttle when  
mowing.  
If you hear the engine slowing down, you are mowing too  
fast—using a slower ground speed will improve the cut-  
ting efficiency of the blades and prevents many common  
cutting problems. Use an appropriate ground speed for  
the thickness and height of the grass you are cutting (3rd  
gear or slower for manual gear models). If you hear the  
engine slowing down you are mowing too fast, use a  
slower ground speed.  
The remainder of the mowing should be done in the  
opposite direction so that the clippings are dispersed  
OUT onto the area of lawn previously cut.  
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Lawn Care & Mowing Information  
MOWING METHODS  
Proper Broadcast Mowing  
Broadcasting, or side-discharging, disperses fine clip-  
pings evenly over the entire lawn. Many golf courses use  
this method. Your mower has a deep dish deck to allow  
freer circulation of clippings so they are broadcast evenly  
over the lawn.  
ENGINE SPEED & GROUND SPEED FOR BROADCASTING  
Always operate the engine at full throttle when mowing.  
If you hear the engine slowing down, you are mowing too  
fast—using a slower ground speed will improve the cut-  
ting efficiency of the blades and prevents many common  
cutting problems.  
slowing down you are mowing too fast, use a slower  
ground speed.  
HOW MUCH GRASS TO CUT OFF WHEN BROADCASTING  
ALWAYS use an appropriate ground speed for the thick-  
ness and height of the grass you are cutting (3rd gear or  
slower for manual gear models). If you hear the engine  
Mow when the grass is 3-5 inches long. Do not cut the  
grass shorter than 2 to 2-1/2 inches. Do not cut off more  
that 1 inch of grass in a single pass.  
Proper Mulching  
Mulching consists of a mower  
deck which cuts and recuts clip-  
pings into tiny particles and  
HOW MUCH GRASS TO MULCH  
Mulching Action  
The best mulching action typical-  
ly results from cutting only the  
which then blows them down  
top 1/2 inch to 3/4 inch of grass  
INTO the lawn. These tiny parti-  
cles decompose rapidly into by-  
products your lawn can use.  
blade. This provides short clip-  
pings which decompose properly  
(much more quickly than longer  
UNDER PROPER CONDI-  
clippings). The ideal cutting  
TIONS, your mulching mower will virtually eliminate  
noticeable clippings on the lawn surface.  
height will vary with climate, time of year, and quality of  
your lawn. We recommend that you experiment with both  
the cutting height and ground speed until you achieve  
the best cut. Start with a high cutting height and using  
progressively lower settings until you find a cutting height  
that is matched to your mowing conditions and prefer-  
ences.  
NOTE: When mulching under heavy cutting conditions, a  
rumbling sound may be present and is normal.  
MULCHING REQUIRES EXCELLENT MOWING  
CONDITIONS  
Mulching mowers cannot function properly if the grass is  
wet, or if the grass is simply to high to cut. Even more  
than normal mowing, mulching requires that the grass be  
dry and the the appropriate amount is cut.  
Do not use the mower as a mulching mower during the  
first two or three mowings in the spring. The long grass  
blades, quick growth, and often wetter conditions are  
more suitable for broadcasting (side-discharging) or  
grass bagging operation.  
ENGINE SPEED & GROUND SPEED FOR BROADCASTING  
Use full engine throttle matched with a slow ground  
speed so that clippings will be finely cut. Ground speed  
while mulching should be HALF of the speed that would  
be used when broadcasting (side discharging) under  
similar conditions. Since mulching requires more horse-  
power than broadcasting, using a slower ground speed is  
vitally important for proper mulching operation.  
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Lawn Care & Mowing Information  
• Reduce the evaporation of water from your lawn.  
• Provide a cushioning layer to reduce lawn wear.  
• Moderate soil temperature.  
TIPS On Dealing With Clippings  
Clippings are beneficial to your lawn. A common mis-  
conception about clippings is that they automatically  
lead to thatch—this is untrue. Short clippings produced  
by broadcasting and clippings produced by mulching  
methods actually contribute to a healthy lawn  
because they:  
• Clippings act as a safe, non-polluting and inexpen-  
sive fertilizer that nourishes your lawn. Fresh cut  
grass blades are 85% water, and are a rich source  
of nitrogen which is essential to lush growth. And  
one garbage bag of clippings contains about 1/4 lb.  
of usable organic nitrogen.  
COMPOSTING  
The best way to recycle excess clippings and leave your  
lawn looking immaculate is to collect them with an effi-  
cient collection system and deposit them in a compost  
pile. A compost pile is a collection of grass, leaves, and  
other organic wastes which—when properly tended—  
decompose into an odorless, topsoil material. This  
material, in turn, acts as an inexpensive fertilizer for your  
lawn and garden.  
How to start a healthy compost pile:  
1 Build a bin using bricks, fencing, cement blocks, etc. or pur-  
chase a prefabricated bin from a garden store. The bin  
should also have venting on each side and from the bottom  
to the top.  
2 Fill the bin with alternating layers of yard waste. Follow this  
recipe:  
First layer: 3-4 inches of chopped brush or other coarse  
material.  
Second layer: 6-8 inches of mixed leaves, grass clippings,  
sawdust, etc. Materials should be "sponge damp."  
Third layer: 1 inch of soil to add micro-organisms that help  
break down organic matter.  
Fourth layer: 1-2 inches of manure to provide the nitrogen  
needed by micro-organisms.  
Keep adding layers until the bin is almost full. Top off with  
a 4-6 inch layer of straw and scoop out a "basin" to catch  
rain water.  
3 Four or five days later the pile will reach temperatures of  
140-160 degrees. At this time you'll notice it settling, a  
good sign your compost is working properly.  
4 After 5-6 weeks, fork materials into a new pile, turning the  
outside of the old heap into the center of the new one. Add  
water if necessary. The compost should be ready to use  
within three to four months when dark brown, crumbly, and  
earthy-smelling.  
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Lawn Care & Mowing Information  
SOLUTIONS FOR COMMON MOWING PROBLEMS  
Streaking  
Streaking  
Streaking is when thin strips of uncut grass are left  
behind the mower. Streaking is usually caused by  
operator error or poor blade maintenance.  
CAUSE  
Blades are not sharp  
SOLUTION  
Sharpen your blades  
Replace your blades  
Blades are worn down too far  
Engine speed is too slow  
Always mow at full throttle  
Slow down  
Ground speed is too fast  
Deck is plugged with grass  
Clean out the mower  
Overlap your cutting rows  
Not overlapping cutting rows enough  
Not overlapping enough when turning  
When turning your effective cutting width  
decreases–overlap more when turning  
Stepped Cutting  
Stepped Cutting  
Stepped cutting is sharp ridges or uneven levels left in  
the lawn surface. Stepped cutting is usually caused by  
mower deck damage or misadjustment, or damage to  
mower blades.  
CAUSE  
SOLUTION  
Deck is not leveled correctly  
Tires are not properly inflated  
Blades are damaged  
Level the deck correctly  
Check and inflate the tires  
Replace the blades  
Deck shell is damaged  
Repair or replace the deck  
Repair or replace the spindle  
Reinstall the blades correctly  
Mower spindle is bent or loose  
Blades are installed incorrectly  
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Lawn Care & Mowing Information  
Uneven Cutting  
Uneven Cutting  
Uneven cutting is waviness or smooth troughs in the  
lawn surface. Uneven cutting is usually caused by  
mower deck damage or misadjustment.  
CAUSE  
SOLUTION  
Deck is not leveled correctly  
Blades are dull or worn  
Level the deck correctly  
Sharpen or replace the blades  
Replace the blades  
Blades are damaged  
Deck is clogged with grass clippings  
Deck shell is damaged  
Clean out the deck  
Repair or replace the deck  
Repair or replace the spindle  
Reinstall the blades correctly  
Mower spindle is bent or loose  
Blades are installed incorrectly  
Scalping  
Scalping  
Scalping is when the mower deck comes close to or hits  
the ground. Scalping can be caused by the mower deck  
misadjustment, unevenness in the lawn, or by mower  
deck bouncing because the ground speed is too fast.  
CAUSE  
SOLUTION  
Lawn is uneven or bumpy  
Roll or level the lawn  
Raise the cutting height  
Slow down  
Mower deck cutting height is set too low  
Ground speed is too fast  
Deck is not leveled correctly  
Tire pressure is low or uneven  
Correctly level the deck  
Check and inflate the tires  
Stingers  
Stingers  
Stingers are sparse patches of uncut grass left behind  
the mower. Stingers are usually caused by operator  
error or poor blade maintenance.  
CAUSE  
SOLUTION  
Blades are not sharp or are nicked  
Blades are worn down too far  
Engine speed is too slow  
Sharpen your blades  
Replace your blades  
Always mow at full throttle  
Slow down  
Ground speed is too fast  
Deck is plugged with grass  
Clean out the mower  
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Common International Symbols  
PTO Clutch  
Choke  
Fast (Throttle)  
Slow (Throttle)  
Parking Brake  
Brake  
Throttle  
Fuel  
Mower Cutting  
Height Adjustment  
Headlights  
Technical Manuals  
Additional Technical Literature Available  
Operators Manuals  
Additional copies of this manual are available, (and as part  
of our product support commitment, we maintain a stock of  
printed operators manuals going back many years!)  
Parts Manuals  
Fully illustrated parts manuals are also available —  
these manuals show all of the product’s components in  
exploded views (“3D” illustrations which show the relationship of  
the parts and how they go together), as well as giving the replace-  
ment part numbers and quantities used. Important assembly notes and  
special torque values are included in these manuals.  
Model:  
For the applicable manuals currently available for  
your model, contact your local dealer. Have the  
information listed in the box at the right available  
when making your request.  
Serial No.:  
Your Name:  
Address:  
City, State, Zip:  
Visa/Mastercard No.:  
Card Expiration Date:  
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Notes  
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