®
PCE-N53
Wireless Dual-band PCI-E Card
(For 802.11 a/b/g/n Wireless Networks)
User Manual
E7147 / March 2012
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Manufacturer contact information
ASUSTeK Computer Inc. (Asia-Pacific)
Company address:
Telephone:
Fax:
15 Li-Te Road, Beitou, Taipei 11259
+886-2-2894-3447
+886-2-2890-7798
E-mail:
Web site:
ASUS Computer International (America)
Company address:
800 Corporate Way, Fremont, CA 94539, USA
General (tel):
+1-510-739-3777
+1-510-608-4555
General (fax):
Web site address:
Technical support
General support:
+1-502-995-0883
Support (fax):
+1-502-933-8713
Online support:
ASUS Computer GmbH (Germany & Austria)
Company address:
Harkortstr. 21-23, D-40880 Ratingen, Deutschland
General (tel):
+49-1805-010-923
+49-02102-959911
General (fax):
Web site address:
Online contact:
Technical support
Components:
+49-02102-95990
Fax:
+49-02102-959911
Online support:
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PCE-N53 Wireless Dual-band Card Manual
Table of contents
REACH ..................................................................................................4
1. Introduction..........................................................................................8
1.3Hardware ..........................................................................................8
1
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PCE-N53 Wireless Dual-band Card Manual
Notices
Federal Communications Commission
This device complies with FCC Rules Part 15. Operation is subject to the following
two conditions:
•
•
This device may not cause harmful interference, and
This device must accept any interference received, including interference that
may cause undesired operation.
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a class
B digital device pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed
to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential
installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency
energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause
harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that
interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause
harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined
by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the
interference by one or more of the following measures:
•
•
•
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the
receiver is connected.
•
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
WARNING: Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party
responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the
equipment.
Prohibition of Co-location
This device and its antenna(s) must not be co-located or operating in conjunction
with any other antenna or transmitter.
FCC Radiation Exposure Statement
This equipment complies with RFCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an
uncontrolled environment .
This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum 20cm between the
radiator and your body.
2
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PCE-N53 Wireless Dual-band Card Manual
CE Mark Warning
This is a Class B product, in a domestic environment, this product may cause radio
interference, in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures.
Operation Channels: Ch1~11 for N. America, Ch1~14 Japan, Ch1~ 13 Europe
(ETSI)
IC Warning Statement
Under Industry Canada regulations, this radio transmitter may only operate using
an antenna of a type and maximum (or lesser) gain approved for the transmitter by
Industry Canada. To reduce potential radio interference to other users, the antenna
type and its gain should be so chosen that the equivalent isotropically radiated
power (e.i.r.p.) is not more than that necessary for successful communication.
This radio transmitter(IC: 3568A-PCEN53) has been approved by Industry Canada
to operate with the antenna types listed below with the maximum permissible gain
and required antenna impedance for each antenna type indicated. Antenna types
not included in this list, having a gain greater than the maximum gain indicated for
that type, are strictly prohibited for use with this device.
This Class [B] digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe [B] est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.
For product available in the USA/Canada market, only channel 1~11 can be operated.
Selection of other channels is not possible.
IC Radiation Exposure Statement:
This equipment complies with IC RSS-102 radiation exposure limits set forth for an
uncontrolled environment. This equipment should be installed and operated with
minimum distance 20cm between the radiator & your body.
Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not
cause interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference, including
interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.
3
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PCE-N53 Wireless Dual-band Card Manual
ASUS Recycling/Takeback Services
ASUS recycling and takeback programs come from our commitment to the highest
standards for protecting our environment. We believe in providing solutions for you
to be able to responsibly recycle our products, batteries, other components as well
for the detailed recycling information in different regions.
REACH
Complying with the REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction
of Chemicals) regulatory framework, we published the chemical substances in our
4
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PCE-N53 Wireless Dual-band Card Manual
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EN 302 544-2 V1.1.1(2009-01)
EN 62311:(2008-11)
EN 301 489-1 V1.8.1(2008-04)
EN 301 489-3 V1.4.1(2002-08)
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PCE-N53 Wireless Dual-band Card Manual
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6
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PCE-N53 Wireless Dual-band Card Manual
Manufacturer:
ASUSTeK Computer Inc.
Tel: +886-2-2894-3447
Address: No. 150, LI-DE RD., PEITOU, TAIPEI
112, TAIWAN
Authorised representative
in Europe:
ASUS Computer GmbH
Address: HARKORT STR. 21-23, D-40880
RATINGEN, DEUTSCHLAND
Authorised distributors
in Turkey:
BOGAZICI BIL GISAYAR SAN. VE TIC. A.S.
Tel:
+90 212 3311000
Address: AYAZAGA MAH. KEMERBURGAZ
CAD. NO.10 AYAZAGA/ISTANBUL
CIZGI Elektronik San. Tic. Ltd. Sti.
Tel:
+90 212 3567070
Address: CEMAL SURURI CD. HALIM MERIC IS
MERKEZI
No: 15/C D:5-6 34394 MECIDIYEKOY/
ISTANBUL
EEE Yönetmeliğine Uygundur.
7
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PCE-N53 Wireless Dual-band Card Manual
1. Introduction
1.1 Package contents
Check your PCE-N53 WLAN Card package for the following items.
•
•
•
ASUS PCE-N53 WLAN Card x1
Quick Start Guide x1
•
•
•
Dipole antenna x2
Support CD x1
Low profile bracket x1
Warranty card x1
NOTE: If any of the above items is damaged or missing, contact your retailer
immediately.
1.2 System requirements
Before using the PCE-N53 WLAN Card, check if your system meets the following
requirements:
•
Windows® Vista/XP/7
•
•
Standard PCI-E slot
Optical disk drive
•
512MB system memory or larger
1.3 Hardware
Status indicator
LED Status Description
Link
On
The WLAN card has connected to a wireless network successfully.
Off
The WLAN card is disabled.
Blinking Fast blinking for 2.4G; Slow blinking for 5G
Tx/Rx Blinking Data is being transmitted or received.
On
Off
WPS function is enabled.
No wireless activity.
Enabling the WPS (for Windows® OS only)
To enable the WPS feature, you may either press the WPS button on the LAN card
or select Use the WPS button in the WLAN card’s web interface.
External dipole antenna
The PCE-N53 WLAN Card package includes external dipole antennas. We
recommend that you straighten up the antenna for the maximum range and best
link quality.
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2. Installing the PCE-N53 driver and utilities
IMPORTANT: Install the ASUS PCE-N53 WLAN Card into your computer before
installing the driver and utilities from the bundled Support CD.
To install the driver and utilities for your ASUS PCE-N53 WLAN Card:
1. Place the bundled Support CD into the optical drive. An Autorun screen appears
if the Autorun function is enabled on your computer.
NOTE: If the Autorun function is not enabled on your computer, double-click
SETUP.EXE from the root directory to run the Support CD.
2. From the Autorun screen, select your 3. An
screen
InstallShield Wizard
language and click Install Utilities/
Driver.
appears. Click to continue.
Next
4. Click Install to start the installation.
5. Select Yes, I want to restart my
computer now. Click Finish to
complete the installation.
6. After your computer reboots, select
Use ASUS WLAN utilities to allow
the ASUS utility to manage your
WLAN card. Click OK.
9
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3. Configuring PCE-N53 using ASUS utility
3.1 Connecting to a wireless network manually
To connect PCE-N53 to a station (Ad Hoc mode) manually:
2. You may click Survey > Search to
search for the wireless networks.
Select a network (AP from the
available network list) and then click
Connect.
1. Right-click the ASUS Wireless Dual-
band Card Setting Utility icon in the
Windows® system tray, then select
Wireless Setting.
Setup is completed. The Status page
displays information such as the
association state, current data rate,
and radio state.
3. If Security is enabled on the AP or
station, do the same security settings
on your WLAN card as those on the
AP or station. Click Save.
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3.2 Connecting to a wireless network using WPS
The ASUS PCE-N53 WLAN Card supports the WPS function that helps you set up
a secure wireless network easily.
IMPORTANT: Ensure that the AP or station you are trying to connect to
supports the WPS function.
To connect PCE-N53 to a WPS-enabled AP or station using the WPS push button:
1. Click the WPS tab.
2. Select Use the WPS button, then
click Next.
3. Press the WPS button on the AP
or station to establish a wireless
connection. The picture indicates that
WPS is scanning for the network.
4. Click Finish. The picture indicates
that your WLAN card has connected
to the network successfully.
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To connect PCE-N53 to a WPS-enabled AP or station using the PIN code:
1. Select Use PIN code.
2. Key in 8 digital PIN code from
network(AP)'s web user interface,
click Next.
3. Click Finish. The picture indicates
that your WLAN card has connected
to the network successfully.
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3.3 Soft AP mode (Windows® XP/Vista/7)
The ASUS PCE-N53 WLAN Card supports the Soft AP mode. In this mode, the
WLAN card acts as a virtual AP.
IMPORTANT: Before configuring the Soft AP mode, connect your computer to a
wired network to provide network access for your wireless clients.
To switch to the Soft AP mode:
1. Click AP to switch to the Soft AP
mode.
2. Click General table and then click
ICS to enable ICS. The General table
displays the wireless clients that are
currently connecting to the Soft AP.
3. Select a network(station) from the
available networks list, then click
Apply.
The picture indicates that your WLAN
card has switched to the Soft AP
mode successfully.
•
The ASUS Wireless Dual-band
Card Setting Utility icon in the
system tray switches to the ASUS
Wireless Access Point Utility icon
.
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In the Soft AP mode, you can select the frequency of 2.4GHz or 5GHz through the
dropdown list. Click Configuration > Edit Config > Wireless Mode.
You can limit the wireless clients that associate with the WLAN card through the
access control function. Click Configuration > Edit Config > Wireless Mode.
To disable the access control function, select Disable from the Access Control
Policy dropdown list.
To allow a wireless client to associate with the WLAN card:
1. Select Accept from the Access Control Policy dropdown list.
2. Key in its MAC address in the Access Control List field.
3. Click Add.
Only the wireless clients on the Accept list are allowed to associate with the WLAN
card.
To prevent a wireless client from associating with the WLAN card:
1. Select Reject from the Access Control Policy dropdown list.
2. Key in its MAC address in the Access Control Policy field.
3. Click Add MAC.
The wireless clients on the Reject list are not allowed to associate with the WLAN
card.
14
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4. Software information
4.1 ASUS WLAN Control Center
ASUS WLAN Control Center includes ASUS Wireless Dual-band Card Setting
Utility (Station mode) and ASUS Wireless Access Point Utility (Soft AP mode)
which help you manage your WLAN card easily.
4.2 ASUS Wireless Dual-band Card Setting Utility
ASUS Wireless Dual-band Card Setting Utility provides you with an easy interface
to set up wireless connections. This section explains the buttons, fields, and
configuration options on the user interface.
To launch WLAN utility, click Start > All Programs > ASUS Wireless LAN Card.
The system tray icon switches as is shown in the picture.
ASUS Wireless Dual-band Card Setting Utility system tray icon
Right-click the ASUS Wireless Dual-band Card Setting Utility
system tray icon to display the following options:
•
Wireless Settings - Launches the ASUS Wireless Dual-
band Card Setting Utility.
•
•
Activate Configuration - Activates a preset profile.
Help - Launches the help file.
•
•
WPS - Launches the WPS wizard.
About Control Center - Displays the version of your Control Center.
•
Exit Control Center - Closes the ASUS WLAN Control Center.
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Left-click the ASUS Wireless Dual-band Card Setting Utility system tray icon to
display the following options:
•
•
•
Wireless Radio On - Turns the wireless radio ON.
Wireless Radio Off - Turns the wireless radio OFF.
Search & Connect - Displays the available wireless
networks.
Double-click the icon to launch the ASUS Wireless Dual-band Card Setting Utility.
Survey - Displays the connection status:
SSID - Displays the name of the wireless network that the WLAN card is
connecting to.
MAC Address - Indicates the hardware address of the WLAN card. A MAC
address is a unique identifier assigned to networking devices. It consists of six
groups of two hexadecimal digits (0 through 9 and A through F) separated by
colons, e.g. 00:E0:18:F0:05:C0.
Channel - Displays the channel of the wireless network.
Current Data Rate - Displays the current data transmission rate.
Network Type - Displays the WLAN card type such as infrastructure type.
Security - Displays the encryption of the wireless networks.
Search- Lists the wireless networks that the WLAN card is connecting to.
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Configuration - Basic
Network Type
Infrastructure - Select the
Infrastructure mode to establish a
connection with an AP.
Ad Hoc - Select the Ad Hoc mode
to communicate with a station. An
Ad Hoc network is formed quickly
and easily without pre-planning.
For example, you can share meeting
notes among networked computers in a meeting room.
Action mode name & Network Name (SSID) - Key in or select from the dropdown
list the SSID of an AP or station you are trying to connect to. An SSID must be valid
characters and have a maximum of 32 case sensitive characters, such as Wireless
LAN.
NOTE: Set the SSID to a null string if you want to allow your WLAN card to
connect to any AP it can find. You cannot use a null string in the Ad Hoc mode.
Channel - Select a radio channel for your WLAN card. In the Infrastructure
mode, your WLAN card automatically selects the correct channel required to
communicate with an AP and this field shows Auto. In the Ad Hoc mode, you are
allowed to select a channel for your WLAN Card. WLAN cards in the same network
can communicate with each other if they have the same channel setting.
The radio channels you can use depend on the regulations in your country. In the
United States (FCC) and Canada (IC), channels 1 to 11 are supported. In Europe
(ETSI), channels 1 to 13 are supported. In Japan (MKK), channels 1 to 14 are
supported.
Data Rate - Auto: The WLAN card adjusts to the most suitable transmission rate
automatically.
Others
Encryption - Launches the Encryption page.
Advanced - Launches the Advanced page. In most cases, you do not need to
change the default values.
Troubleshooting - Displays the troubleshooting solutions.
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Configuration - Encryption
The Encryption page allows you to set
up the encryption settings for your WLAN
card. For data confidentiality in a wireless
environment, IEEE 802.11 specifies a
Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) algorithm
to offer transmission privacy similar to
wired network. WEP uses keys to encrypt
data packets sent and decrypt data packets
received. The encryption process can scramble frame bits to avoid disclosure to
others. Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is an improved security system for 802.11
that encrypts data sent over radio waves. WPA is developed to overcome the
weakness of the WEP protocol.
Network Authentication - Set up authentication for your WLAN card. Options are:
Open - Sets the network operating in the Open System mode that disables
authentication protection for the network or use the WEP encryption for the
network.
Shared - Sets the network operating in the Shared Key mode that uses the
WEP encryption for your network.
WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK - Use the WPA Pre-Shared Key/WPA2 Pre-Shared Key
in the Infrastructure mode for authentication.
Data Encryption - In the Open and Shared authentication modes, options are:
Disabled and WEP.
Disabled - Disables the encryption protection for your WLAN card.
WEP - Encrypts the data before it is transmitted over the air. You can
communicate with wireless devices that use the same WEP keys.
In the WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK authentication modes, options are: Temporal Key
Integrity Protocol (TKIP) and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES).
TKIP - Dynamically generates unique keys to encrypt data packet.
AES - Offers stronger protection and increases the complexity of wireless
encryption. It is a symmetric 128-bit block encryption method that works
simultaneously on multiple network layers.
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Wireless Network Key (WEP) - This option becomes configurable when you
select WEP in the Data encryption field. 64-bit WEP key uses 5 ASCII characters
(10 hexadecimal digits). 128-bit WEP key uses 13 ASCII (26 hexadecimal digits).
Key Format - Allows you to select the key format.
Manual Assignment (WPA and WPA2)- Allows you to assign WEP Keys
manually.
Key Length - Allows you to select the key length. For 64bits encryption, each
key consists of 10 hexadecimal digits or 5 ASCII characters. For 128bits
encryption, each key consists of 26 hexadecimal digits or 13 ASCII characters.
Select one as your Default Key - Allows you to select one of the four WEP
Keys as the default key.
Configuration - Advanced
ThisAdvancedpageisintendedforexperienced
users to set up additional parameters for the
WLAN card. We recommend that you keep
the default values.
RTS Threshold (0-2347) - The Request to
Send/Clear to Send (RTS/CTS) function is
used to minimize collisions among wireless
stations. When RTS/CTS is enabled, the router
refrains from sending a data frame until another RTS/CTS handshake is completed.
Enable RTS/CTS by setting a specific packet size threshold. The default value (2347)
is recommended.
Fragmentation Threshold (256-2346) - Fragmentation is used to divide 802.11
frames into smaller pieces (fragments) that are sent separately to the destination.
Enable fragmentation by setting a specific packet size threshold. If there is an
excessive number of collisions on the WLAN, experiment with different fragmentation
values to increase the reliability of frame transmissions. The default value (2346) is
recommended for normal use.
Preamble Mode - Select the preamble mode. The default value is Auto.
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5. Configuring PCE-N53 using Windows® WZC
service
To connect your PCE-N53 to a wireless network using Windows® WZC service:
1. Left-click the ASUS WLAN Control
Center system tray icon, then click
Exit. ASUS WLAN Control Center will
be switched off.
Click Windows Wireless to use it.
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6. Troubleshooting
This chapter provides solutions to problems which you may encounter when
installing or using the ASUS PCE-N53 WLAN card. Contact a qualified service
technician for assistance if the problem still exists after you have performed the
troubleshooting solutions.
How do I verify that my WLAN card is installed properly?
1. Right-click My Computer from the Start menu, then select Properties.
2. Select the Hardware tab, then click Device Manager.
3. Double-click Network adapters.
4. Double-click Ralink Turbo Wireless LAN Card. A Ralink Turbo Wireless LAN
Card Properties window appears.
5. Check Device status to see if the WLAN Card is working properly.
My WLAN card cannot connect to any Access Points.
•
Check if Network Type is set to the Infrastructure mode.
•
Check if the SSID of your WLAN card is the same as that of the access point
you want to connect to.
•
Check if the Encryption settings of your WLAN card are the same as those of
the access point you want to connect to.
My WLAN card cannot connect to a station or WLAN card.
•
•
Check if Network Type is set to the Ad Hoc mode.
Check if the SSID of your WLAN card is the same as that of the station or the
WLAN card you want to connect to.
•
•
Check if the Channel of your WLAN card is the same as that of the station or the
WLAN card you want to connect to.
Check if the Encryption settings of your WLAN card are the same as those of
the station or the WLAN card you want to connect to.
The connection quality is bad and the signal strength is weak.
•
Keep your WLAN card away from microwave ovens and large metal objects to
avoid radio interference. Adjust the WLAN card antenna.
•
Move your WLAN card closer to the access point, station, or WLAN card you want
to connect to.
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The TCP/IP protocol does not bind to the WLAN Card.
This occurs when your PC already has six TCP/IP bindings in Windows® 98 or ten
bindings in Windows® Me. These limits are imposed by the Microsoft® operating
system.
Solution: If your computer already has the maximum number of TCP/IP bindings,
remove one of the network adapters from the Network configuration before installing
the WLAN Card driver.
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7. Glossary
Access Point (AP)
A networking device that seamlessly connects wired and wireless networks. Access
Points combined with a distributed system support the creation of multiple radio
cells that enable roaming throughout a facility.
Ad Hoc
A wireless network composed solely of stations within mutual communication range
of each other (no Access Point).
Basic Rate Set
This option allows you to specify the data transmission rate.
Basic Service Area (BSS)
A set of stations controlled by a single coordination function.
Broadband
A type of data transmission in which a single medium (such as cable) carries
several channels of data at once.
Channel
An instance of medium use for the purpose of passing protocol data units that
may be used simultaneously, in the same volume of space, with other instances
of medium use (on other channels) by other instances of the same physical layer,
with an acceptably low frame error ratio due to mutual interference.
Client
A client is the desktop or mobile PC that is connected to your network.
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COFDM (for 802.11a or 802.11g)
Signal power alone is not enough to maintain 802.11b-like distances in an
802.11a/g environment. To compensate, a new physical-layer encoding technology
was designed that departs from the traditional direct-sequence technology being
deployed today. This technology is called COFDM (coded OFDM). COFDM was
developed specifically for indoor wireless use and offers performance much
superior to that of spread-spectrum solutions. COFDM works by breaking one
high-speed data carrier into several lowerspeed subcarriers, which are then
transmitted in parallel. Each high-speed carrier is 20MHz wide and is broken
up into 52 subchannels, each approximately 300KHz wide. COFDM uses 48 of
these subchannels for data, while the remaining four are used for error correction.
COFDM delivers higher data rates and a high degree of multipath reflection
recovery, thanks to its encoding scheme and error correction.
Each subchannel in the COFDM implementation is about 300KHz wide. At the
low end of the speed gradient, BPSK (binary phase shift keying) is used to
encode 125Kbps of data per channel, resulting in a 6,000Kbps, or 6Mbps, data
rate. Using quadrature phase shift keying, you can double the amount of data
encoded to 250Kbps per channel, yielding a 12Mbps data rate. And by using
16-level quadrature amplitude modulation encoding 4bits per hertz, you can
achieve a data rate of 24Mbps. The 802.11a/g standard specifies that all 802.11a/
g-compliant products must support these basic data rates. The standard also lets
the vendor extend the modulation scheme beyond 24Mbps. Remember, the more
bits per cycle (hertz) that are encoded, the more susceptible the signal will be to
interference and fading, and ultimately, the shorter the range, unless power output
is increased.
Default Key
This option allows you to select the default WEP key. This option allows you to
use WEP keys without having to remember or write them down. The WEP keys
generated using the Pass Phrase is compatible with other WLAN products. The
Pass Phrase option is not as secure as manual assignment.
Device Name
Also known as DHCP client ID or network name. Sometimes provided by an ISP
when using DHCP to assign addresses.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
This protocol allows a computer (or many computers on your network) to be
automatically assigned a single IP address from a DHCP server.
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DNS Server Address (Domain Name System)
DNS allows Internet host computers to have a domain name and one or more IP
addresses. A DNS server keeps a database of host computers and their respective
domain names and IP addresses, so that when a user enters a domain name into
the Internet browser, the user is sent to the proper IP address. The DNS server
address used by the computers on your home network is the location of the DNS
server your ISP has assigned.
DSL Modem (Digital Subscriber Line)
A DSL modem uses your existing phone lines to transmit data at high speeds.
Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum (for 802.11b)
Spread spectrum (broadband) uses a narrowband signal to spread the transmission
over a segment of the radio frequency band or spectrum. Direct-sequence is a
spread spectrum technique where the transmitted signal is spread over a particular
frequency range.
Direct-sequence systems communicate by continuously transmitting a redundant
pattern of bits called a chipping sequence. Each bit of transmitted data is mapped
into chips and rearranged into a pseudorandom spreading code to form the
chipping sequence. The chipping sequence is combined with a transmitted data
stream to produce the output signal.
Wireless mobile clients receiving a direct-sequence transmission use the spreading
code to map the chips within the chipping sequence back into bits to recreate the
original data transmitted by the wireless device. Intercepting and decoding a direct-
sequence transmission requires a predefined algorithm to associate the spreading
code used by the transmitting wireless device to the receiving wireless mobile
client.
This algorithm is established by IEEE 802.11b specifications. The bit redundancy
within the chipping sequence enables the receiving wireless mobile client to
recreate the original data pattern, even if bits in the chipping sequence are
corrupted by interference. The ratio of chips per bit is called the spreading ratio.
A high spreading ratio increases the resistance of the signal to interference. A
low spreading ratio increases the bandwidth available to the user. The wireless
device uses a constant chip rate of 11Mchips/s for all data rates, but uses different
modulation schemes to encode more bits per chip at the higher data rates. The
wireless device is capable of an 11 Mbps data transmission rate, but the coverage
area is less than a 1 or 2 Mbps wireless device since coverage area decreases as
bandwidth increases.
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Encryption
This provides wireless data transmissions with a level of security. This option
allows you to specify a 64-bit or a 128-bit WEP key. A 64-bit encryption contains
10 hexadecimal digits or 5 ASCII characters. A 128-bit encryption contains 26
hexadecimal digits or 13 ASCII characters.
64-bit and 40-bit WEP keys use the same encryption method and can interoperate
on wireless networks. This lower level of WEP encryption uses a 40-bit (10
hexadecimal digits assigned by the user) secret key and a 24-bit Initialization
Vector assigned by the device. 104-bit and 128-bit WEP keys use the same
encryption method.
All wireless clients in a network must have identical WEP keys with the access
point to establish connection. Keep a record of the WEP encryption keys.
Extended Service Set (ESS)
A set of one or more interconnected basic service set (BSSs) and integrated local
area networks (LANs) can be configured as an Extended Service Set.
ESSID (Extended Service Set Identifier)
You must have the same ESSID entered into the gateway and each of its wireless
clients. The ESSID is a unique identifier for your wireless network.
Ethernet
The most widely used LAN access method, which is defined by the IEEE 802.3
standard. Ethernet is normally a shared media LAN meaning all devices on the
network segment share total bandwidth. Ethernet networks operate at 10Mbps
using CSMA/CD to run over 10-BaseT cables.
Firewall
A firewall determines which information passes in and out of a network. NAT can
create a natural firewall by hiding a local network’s IP addresses from the Internet.
A Firewall prevents anyone outside of your network from accessing your computer
and possibly damaging or viewing your files.
Gateway
A network point that manages all the data traffic of your network, as well as to the
Internet and connects one network to another.
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ICS
ICS is used to share one computer’s Internet connection with the rest of the
computers on your network. When this computer is connected to the Internet, all
the communications to and from the Internet on your network are sent through this
computer which is called the host computer. The rest of the computers can send
and receive e-mail messages and access the web as if it were connected directly
to the Internet.
IEEE
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. The IEEE sets standards
for networking, including Ethernet LANs. IEEE standards ensure interoperability
between systems of the same type.
IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.xx is a set of specifications for LANs from the Institute of Electrical
and Electronic Engineers (IEEE). Most wired networks conform to 802.3, the
specification for CSMA/CD based Ethernet networks or 802.5, the specification for
token ring networks. 802.11 defines the standard for wireless LANs encompassing
three incompatible (non-interoperable) technologies: Frequency Hopping Spread
Spectrum (FHSS), Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS), and Infrared. 802.11
specifies a carrier sense media access control and physical layer specifications for
1 and 2 Mbps wireless LANs.
IEEE 802.11a (54Mbits/sec)
Compared with 802.11b: The 802.11b standard was designed to operate in the
2.4GHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) band using direct-sequence
spreadspectrum technology. The 802.11a standard, on the other hand, was
designed to operate in the more recently allocated 5-GHz UNII (Unlicensed
National Information Infrastructure) band. And unlike 802.11b, the 802.11a standard
departs from the traditional spread-spectrum technology, instead using a frequency
division multiplexing scheme that’s intended to be friendlier to office environments.
The 802.11a standard, which supports data rates of up to 54 Mbps, is the Fast
Ethernet analog to 802.11b, which supports data rates of up to 11 Mbps. Like
Ethernet and Fast Ethernet, 802.11b and 802.11a use an identical MAC (Media
Access Control). However, while Fast Ethernet uses the same physical-layer
encoding scheme as Ethernet (only faster), 802.11a uses an entirely different
encoding scheme, called OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing).
The 802.11b spectrum is plagued by saturation from wireless phones, microwave
ovens and other emerging wireless technologies, such as Bluetooth. In contrast,
802.11a spectrum is relatively free of interference.
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The 802.11a standard gains some of its performance from the higher frequencies
at which it operates. The laws of information theory tie frequency, radiated power
and distance together in an inverse relationship. Thus, moving up to the 5GHz
spectrum from 2.4GHz will lead to shorter distances, given the same radiated
power and encoding scheme.
802.11a is a standard for access points and radio
Compared with 802.11g:
NICs that is ahead of 802.11g in the market by about six months. 802.11a operates
in the 5GHz frequency band with twelve separate non-overlapping channels. As
a result, you can have up to twelve access points set to different channels in the
same area without them interfering with each other. This makes access point
channel assignment much easier and significantly increases the throughput the
wireless LAN can deliver within a given area. In addition, RF interference is much
less likely because of the less-crowded 5GHz band.
IEEE 802.11b (11Mbits/sec)
In 1997, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) adopted the
802.11 standard for wireless devices operating in the 2.4 GHz frequency band.
This standard includes provisions for three radio technologies: direct sequence
spread spectrum, frequency hopping spread spectrum, and infrared. Devices that
comply with the 802.11 standard operate at a data rate of either 1 or 2 Mbps.
In 1999, the IEEE created the 802.11b standard. 802.11b is essentially identical
to the 802.11 standard except 802.11b provides for data rates of up to 11Mbps for
direct sequence spread spectrum devices. Under 802.11b, direct sequence devices
can operate at 11Mbps, 5.5Mbps, 2Mbps, or 1Mbps. This provides interoperability
with existing 802.11 direct sequence devices that operate only at 2Mbps.
Direct sequence spread spectrum devices spread a radio signal over a range of
frequencies. The IEEE 802.11b specification allocates the 2.4GHz frequency band
into 14 overlapping operating Channels. Each Channel corresponds to a different
set of frequencies.
IEEE 802.11g
802.11g is a new extension to 802.11b (used in majority of wireless LANs today)
that broadens 802.11b’s data rates to 54 Mbps within the 2.4 GHz band using
OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) technology. 802.11g allows
backward compatibility with 802.11b devices but only at 11 Mbps or lower,
depending on the range and presence of obstructions.
Infrastructure
A wireless network centered about an access point. In this environment, the access
point not only provides communication with the wired network but also mediates
wireless network traffic in the immediate neighborhood.
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IP (Internet Protocol)
The TCP/IP standard protocol that defines the IP datagram as the unit of
information passed across an Internet and provides the basis for connectionless
packet delivery service. IP includes the ICMP control and error message protocol
as an integral part. It provides the functional equivalent of ISO OSI Network
Services.
IP Address
An IP address is a 32-bit number that identifies each sender or receiver of
information that is sent across the Internet. An IP address has two parts: the
identifier of a particular network on the Internet and an identifier of the particular
device (which can be a server or a workstation) within that network.
ISM Bands (Industrial, Scientific, and Medicine Bands)
Radio frequency bands that the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
authorized for wireless LANs. The ISM bands are located at 902MHz, 2.400GHz,
and 5.7GHz.
ISP (Internet Service Provider)
An organization that provides access to the Internet. Small ISPs provide service
via modem and ISDN while the larger ones also offer private line hookups (T1,
fractional T1, etc.).
LAN (Local Area Network)
A communications network that serves users within a defined geographical area.
The benefits include the sharing of Internet access, files and equipment like
printers and storage devices. Special network cabling (10 Base-T) is often used to
connect the PCs together.
MAC Address (Media Access Control)
A MAC address is the hardware address of a device connected to a network.
NAT (Network Address Translation)
NAT masks a local network’s group of IP addresses from the external network,
allowing a local network of computers to share a single ISP account. This process
allows all of the computers on your home network to use one IP address. This will
enable access to the Internet from any computer on your home network without
having to purchase more IP addresses from your ISP.
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NIC (Network Interface Card)
A network adapter inserted into a computer so that the computer can be connected
to a network. It is responsible for converting data from stored in the computer to
the form transmitted or received.
Packet
A basic message unit for communication across a network. A packet usually
includes routing information, data, and sometimes error detection information.
Pass Phrase
The Wireless Settings utility uses an algorithm to generate four WEP keys based
on the typed combination.
PCMCIA (Personal Computer Memory Card International Association)
The Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA),
develops standards for PC cards, formerly known as PCMCIA cards. These cards
are available in three types, and are about the same length and width as credit
cards. However, the different width of the cards ranges in thickness from 3.3 mm
(Type I) to 5.0 mm (Type II) to 10.5 mm (Type III). These cards can be used for
various functions, including memory storage, land line modems and wireless
modems.
PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol)
PPP is a protocol for communication between computers using a serial interface,
typically a personal computer connected by phone line to a server.
PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet)
Point-to-Point Protocol is a method of secure data transmission. PPP using
Ethernet to connect to an ISP.
Preamble
Allows you to set the preamble mode for a network to Long, Short, or Auto. The
default preamble mode is Long.
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Radio Frequency (RF) Terms: GHz, MHz, Hz
The international unit for measuring frequency is Hertz (Hz), equivalent to the
older unit of cycles per second. One megahertz (MHz) is one million Hertz. One
gigahertz (GHz) is one billion Hertz. The standard US electrical power frequency is
60Hz, the AM broadcast radio frequency band is 0.55-1.6MHz, the FM broadcast
radio frequency band is 88-108MHz, and wireless 802.11 LANs operate at 2.4GHz.
SSID (Service Set Identifier)
SSID is a group name shared by every member of a wireless network. Only client
PCs with the same SSID are allowed to establish a connection. Enabling the
Response to Broadcast SSID requests option allows the device to broadcast
its SSID in a wireless network. This allows other wireless devices to scan and
establish communication with the device. Unchecking this option hides the SSID to
prevent other wireless devices from recognizing and connecting to the device.
Station
Any device containing IEEE 802.11 wireless medium access conformity.
Subnet Mask
A subnet mask is a set of four numbers configured like an IP address. It is used to
create IP address numbers used only within a particular network.
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
The standard transport level protocol that provides the full duplex, stream service
on which many application protocols depend. TCP allows a process or one
machine to send a stream of data to a process on another. Software implementing
TCP usually resides in the operating system and uses the IP to transmit information
across the network.
WAN (Wide Area Network)
A system of LANs, connected together. A network that connects computers located
in separate areas, (i.e., different buildings, cities, countries). The Internet is a wide
area network.
WECA (Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance)
An industry group that certifies cross-vender interoperability and compatibility of
IEEE 802.11b wireless networking prod WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access)
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WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access)
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is an improved security system for 802.11. It is part
of the 802.11i draft security standard. WPA encompasses TKIP (Temporal Key
Integrity Protocol) along with MIC (Message Integrity Check) and other fixes to
WEP such as Weak IV (Initialization Vector) filtering and Random IV generation.
TKIP uses 802.1x to deploy and change temporary keys as opposed to static
WEP keys once used in the past. It is a significant improvement over WEP. WPA
is part of a complete security solution. WPA also requires authentication servers in
enterprise security solutions.
Requirements
(1) A WPA compatible Access Point or Wireless router, (2) Operating system
updates that support WPA. In XP, an updated Windows Zero Config service is
needed. Users can download the Windows XP WPA patch here:
ABEC-274845DC9E91&displaylang=en
Please note that this patch requires the installation Windows XP Service Pack 1,
servicepacks/sp1/default.asp
For earlier Windows Operating systems, a WPA capable supplicant is required
such as Funk Software’s Odyssey Client.
WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network)
This is a group of computers and other devices connected wirelessly in a small
area. A wireless network is referred to as LAN or WLAN.
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