AdderLink iPEPS
User Guide
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Introduction
Drawing upon our long and successful
history within the field of remote system
control, we have taken our best KVM via
IP technology and miniaturised it. The
result is the AdderLink iPEPS, a highly
responsive, cost efficient way to control
a single system from any remote position
- worldwide.
Four simultaneous remote users
iPEPS can support four remote users
at any one time.
Adder Virtual Media feature
Allows an authorised remote user to
transfer files and folders to a host
computer, such that they appear as
though presented locally on removable
media (as would a memory stick, CD-
ROM or floppy). Via the IP network link,
the remote user can then control the
host and make use of the transferred
files and folders. An indispensable
feature when remotely upgrading or
patching distant host systems.
iPEPS stands for ‘iP Engine Per Server’
and gives an indication of the clear
design goals that have been applied
to this product since its conception.
In situations where a single system
must be placed in a relatively isolated
location and yet must be controlled from
elsewhere, then iPEPS is the solution. The
host system can run its usual operating
system completely unchanged and needs
only to be connected (via its keyboard,
video and mouse ports) to the compact
iPEPS unit. This ensures that there is no
performance hit associated with other
remote solutions and also provides the
authorised remote user with complete
control. The remote user uses a compact
VNC viewer utility and can link to the
iPEPS via any connected IP network, or
via the Internet.
IP network/Internet
The IP port allows direct connection
to an Ethernet-based local network
and from there onto the wider
Internet, as required.
Alternatively, the robust iPEPS
security system will allow direct
connection to the outside world.
IP network/
Internet
ADDERLINK
ADDER®
Where local control is also required,
either temporarily or permanently, the
iPEPS Dual Access variant provides the
necessary local connections for keyboard,
monitor and mouse.
Local user
(Dual Access model only)
PC
USB adapters
Additional ports allow
direct control of the system
by a locally connected
keyboard, video monitor
and mouse.
Every iPEPS module is
supplied with special PS/2
to USB adapters. These not
only convert the connector
types but also permit the
use of the Virtual Media
feature on USB equipped
systems.
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AdderLink iPEPS features
There are two types of AdderLink iPEPS units: the dual access model which
allows a local keyboard, video monitor and mouse to be situated next to the
computer and a standard model which eschews such connections to achieve a
thinner casing. The dual access model measures 118 x 75 x 42mm, whereas the
standard model measures just 118 x 75 x 26mm.
IP network port
KVM console
This intelligent Ethernet
port can automatically
sense whether it is
attached to a 10Mb or
100Mb network.
(Dual Access model only)
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Optionally connect a keyboard,
video monitor and a mouse to
these three connectors to allow
local control of the system.
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Power input
Connect an optional
power adapter here.
Connections to computer
Link these connectors to the
keyboard, video and mouse ports of
the computer system to be remotely
controlled.
ADDERLINK
Switches
Indicators
Used to select
power options
and invoke
configuration
mode
These six indicators clearly show the key aspects of operation:
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• LNK Network link and activity indication.
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• REM Keyboard or mouse data are being received from a remote viewer.
• VNC Indicates that a remote viewer is connected and active.
• ꢀ00 Indicates the Ethernet network speed (10/100Mbs).
®
ADDER
Non Dual Access model
• LOC Keyboard or mouse data are being received from the local console
The standard iPEPS module lacks the
connectors to attach a local keyboard,
video monitor and mouse, resulting in
a slimmer casing.
(or the USB Configuration Disk feature is in use).
• PWR Power indicator.
ꢃ
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What’s in the box
What you may additionally need
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KVM cables
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One set per connected computer
Part number: VKVM-xM
(where x is the cable length in
metres: 1, 2, 5 or 10)
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iPEPS standard model
iPEPS dual access model
CCSUN converter
Required to connect Sun computers
that use a mini-DIN port to connect
their keyboard and mouse
Part number: CCSUN-xM
(where x is the cable length in metres:
2, 5 or 10)
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Rack bracket (supplied
only with the standard
iPEPS model)
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Squid power cable
Allows up to four iPEPS units to be
powered from a single power adapter
Part number: CAB-XSERIES-4WAY-PWR
ADDERLINK
Four self-adhesive
rubber feet
iPEPS Dual Access rack plate
Part number: MET-IPEPS-DA-FASCIA
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Power adapter plus country-
specific power cable
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USB converter
plugs
KVM cable set
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Standard version power adapter
capable of supplying a single iPEPS
units directly or up to two iPEPS
using the Squid power cable.
Part number: PSU-IEC-5VDC
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Heavy duty version power adapter
capable of supplying up to four iPEPS
units using the Squid power cable
Part number: PSU-IEC-5VDC-4AMP
ADDERLINK
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Installation
Mounting
The iPEPS offers two main mounting methods:
• Supplied four self-adhesive rubber feet
• Rack mount brackets - see below
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An extra width rack bracket is
available as an optional extra for
the iPEPS Dual Access model.
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A rack bracket is supplied with
each iPEPS standard model.
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Connections
Installation of the iPEPS involves a number of basic connections
to some or all of the following items:
To attach the KVM cable to the computer
1 Connect the video connector of the KVM cable to the video output socket
of the computer.
• Host computer (below)
2 The keyboard and mouse connections can be made to the computer in two
main ways:
• Directly to PS/2-style keyboard and mouse sockets of the computer.
Host computer
The iPEPS is connected to the host computer using the supplied KVM cable. At
the computer end of the cable you have the choice of linking the cable’s PS/2
connectors directly to the computer or additionally attaching the supplied USB
converters. The converters not only allow you to use the computer’s USB sockets
The computer’s
PS/ꢁ-style sockets
To attach the KVM cable to the iPEPS
1 Ensure that power is disconnected from the iPEPS and the computer.
or
• Via the supplied converters, to the USB connectors of the computer.
(Note: If it is not possible to switch off the
computer prior to connection, then a ‘Hot
plug’ procedure is available – see
restoration section for more
ADDERLIN
The converters are shaped such
that they can be fitted back-to-
back directly into neighbouring
USB sockets.
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The computer’s
USB sockets
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2 Connect the plugs at one end of
the KVM cable set to the three
sockets at one end of the iPEPS.
On the Dual Access model
these are the ones on
ADDER
The keyboard and mouse
links are cleverly both
fed via the green USB
connection.
the bottom row.
When used in this way, the keyboard and mouse signals are both fed via the
green USB converter (and lead).
Note: If you intend to power the iPEPS from the keyboard/mouse interface
(rather than a power adapter) both the purple and the green connections
must be made to the computer. This is true regardless of whether you use
the PS/2 connections or the USB converters. The iPEPS will prevent power
being taken from just one socket in order to prevent overloading.
ꢆ
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Local keyboard, video monitor and mouse
IP network port
The iPEPS provides an autosensing Ethernet IP port that can operate at 10 or
100Mbps, according to the network speed. The iPEPS is designed to reside quite
easily at any part of your network:
Note: Dual Access model only
Where local control is required (as well as remote control), the iPEPS Dual Access
model provides the necessary keyboard, video and mouse console outputs.
• It can be placed within the local network, behind any firewall/router
connections to the Internet, or
To connect a local keyboard, video monitor and mouse
1 Position a suitable keyboard, video monitor and mouse in the vicinity of the
iPEPS such that their cables will easily reach.
• It can be placed externally to the local network, on a separate sub-network
or with an open Internet connection.
2 Connect the keyboard, video monitor and mouse plugs to the sockets,
collectively labelled as ‘KVM CONSOLE’, on the end panel of the iPEPS.
Wherever in the network the iPEPS is situated, you will need to determine
certain configuration issues such as address allocation and/or firewall adjustment
Configuration chapter for more details.
ADDERLIN
IMPORTANT: When the iPEPS is accessible from the public Internet, you must
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To connect the IP network port
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1 Depending upon where in the network the iPEPS is being connected, run a
category 5e or 6 cable from the appropriate hub or router to the iPEPS.
ADDER
2 Connect the plug of the category 5e or 6 cable into the IP port on the end
panel of the iPEPS.
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From keyboard
From mouse
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3 Configure the network settings as appropriate to the position of the iPEPS
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Power supply connection
The iPEPS provides flexibility in the way that it is powered in order to suit your
installation requirements. Each iPEPS can be powered:
• From an individual power adapter, or
Power supply issues and options
To connect the optional power adapter
If you intend to derive power from the keyboard and mouse connections, then
both connections must be made to the host computer. The power requirement
of the iPEPS slightly exceeds the maximum that is permissible via a single
keyboard, mouse or USB port. Therefore, the iPEPS will share its requirements
between two ports and will automatically refuse to operate if only one
connection is made.
1 Connect the low voltage output connector from the power supply unit to
the power socket on the end panel of the iPEPS.
Note: Ensure that switch 1 is set to the appropriate setting for your
installation - see ‘Power supply issues and options’ opposite.
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The iPEPS draws a maximum current of 1A at 5VDC. If your computer cannot
provide the necessary power requirement (via its keyboard, mouse or USB ports)
then you will need to use an external power adapter and also prevent the iPEPS
from deriving any of its power from the ports. On the side panel of the iPEPS,
use switch 1 to determine how power should be derived:
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SWꢀ OFF Derive iPEPS power from
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Derive iPEPS power only
from the external power
adapter.
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2 Connect the IEC connector of the supplied country-specific power lead to
the socket of the power supply.
3 Connect the power lead to a nearby mains supply socket.
continued
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To use a common power adapter to supply multiple iPEPS units
Available as an optional item, the Adder Power Squid cable allows you to
distribute power from an adapter to a maximum of four iPEPS units.
Note: Do not attempt to power more than two iPEPS units using the standard
5V 2A power adapter unit. For three or four iPEPS, use only the higher capacity
5V 4A adapter.
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1 Connect a power output plug of the squid cable to the input socket of each
iPEPS unit.
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Note: Ensure that switch 1 on each iPEPS is set to the appropriate setting for
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2 Connect the low voltage output connector from the power supply unit to
the input socket of the power spider cable.
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3 Connect the IEC connector of the supplied country-specific power lead to
the socket of the power supply.
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4 Connect the power lead to a nearby mains supply socket.
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Adder Power Squid Cable
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Input from the
power adapter
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Configuration
Initial configuration
The iPEPS initial configuration process occurs as two distinct parts. The
standard iPEPS and the Dual Access models differ in Part 1 of their
configuration, but behave in an identical manner for the Part 2 configuration.
Part ꢁ – Remote configuration
Part ꢀ – Initial configuration
This part of the configuration takes place using a remote network
connection. It allows fine tuning of the part 1 configuration items
plus the creation of multiple user accounts. Go to Part 2 - Remote
This part of the configuration takes place using either a locally connected
keyboard and video monitor (Dual Access model only) or a computer
connected to the same local network as the iPEPS. It allows you to set up key
basic details, network essentials and security key creation.
Part 1 – Initial configuration (Dual Access model)
Part 1 – Initial configuration (Standard or Dual Access models)
When controlled via the locally connected keyboard and video
Connect the iPEPS to an IP network and use a computer located on the same
OR
monitor, as the iPEPS Dual Access model is switched on for the
first time it will take you through a set up sequence consisting of
three main screens:
>
>
>
Requires you to configure the
various key aspects of the IP
network port addressing.
Allows you to determine a mixture
of basic and fundamental setup
details such as the keyboard layout,
admin password, time and date.
This screen uses your mouse movements
or keyboard inputs to create random
data. This unpredictable information is
then combined with several other factors
to develop the basis of the encryption
keys that are used to establish secure
remote links.
continued
Controlling the local configuration menus
The local menus use only the keyboard. Use the keyboard arrow
keys to move the green highlight indicator to the required position.
Then, either type the required information or use the left and right
arrows to change multiple choice items, as appropriate.
Problems?
ꢀꢀ
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Part 1 – Initial configuration (Dual Access model)
To perform the initial local configuration (Dual Access model only)
1 Edit the Unit config screen. The key elements here are:
3 Move the mouse and enter changing key sequences within this screen.
Admin password
Enter a password of at least
six characters that has a mix
of letters and numerals. The
background colour provides
an indication of password
suitability and is initially red
to indicate that the password
is not sufficient. When a
password with reasonable
strength has been entered it
changes to blue.
Time and Date
Set these correctly as all entries
in the activity log are time
stamped using them.
With every mouse move and keypress, the single dash will move across the
screen (unless the same key is pressed repeatedly). Periodically, a new star
character will be added to the bar as the random data are accepted as part
of the new encryption key. When the bar is full, the final encryption keys for
your iPEPS will be created – this process takes roughly 30 to 40 seconds.
Encryption
Arrange this setting according
to your security requirements.
a description of the issues and
the settings.
When all items are correct, select the Next option to display the next screen.
4 Once the secure keys have been calculated the iPEPS will restart and present
a standard logon screen.
2 Edit the Network config screen. The key elements here are:
Use DHCP/IP address/Net
Mask/Gateway
You need to either set the
DHCP option to ‘Yes’ or
manually enter a valid IP
address, Net mask and
issues for more details.
At this stage the username will
be ‘admin’ and the password
will be whatever you entered
in the first setup screen.
VNC and HTTP ports
These should remain set to
5900 and 80, respectively,
unless they clash with an
existing setup within the
network. See Networking
issues for more details.
Once the username and password have been accepted, the screen should
now show the host computer screen (or, if none is connected, a blank image).
When all items are correct, select the Next option to display the next screen.
continued
ꢀꢁ
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Encryption settings
5 To view the options menu: Press
The iPEPS offers a great deal of flexibility in its configuration and this extends
equally to its encryption settings. Due to the variety of situations in which it
might be used and the range of viewer applications that need to view it, a
number of settings are available that might not make perfect sense at first
glance. However, these settings should allow you to configure the iPEPS and the
viewers to operate as required.
(if the standard hotkeys were altered, use the new hotkeys plus C)
Logoff
Select to close your current
session and display the
screensaver.
Restore mouse functions
Select to revive a mouse
that has ceased to function
correctly. See Hot plugging
details.
Factors to consider when setting these options might be:
• Do all of the connections and operations require encryption?
• Will some users be using older VNC viewer versions?
Configuration
iPEPS encryption settings
The iPEPS configuration page offers three encryption settings:
Select to gain access to
the Unit and Network
configuration screens. Within
here you can also reset the
iPEPS to its initial state.
• Always on - This setting will force all viewers to use encryption. Note:
This setting will preclude any VNC viewer versions that do not support
encryption.
Access mode
Return to host
Allows you to choose between Quits the menu and returns to
• Prefer off - This setting does not enforce encryption unless a viewer
specifically requests it. If a viewer has its ‘Let server choose’ setting, then an
un-encrypted link will be set up.
Shared mode (where all other
logged on users can see your
operations) and Private mode
(where the screens of all other
users are blanked).
the host screen.
• Prefer on - This setting generally enforces encryption unless an earlier
viewer version is unable to support it, in which case the link will be un-
encrypted. If a viewer has its ‘Let server choose’ setting, then the link will be
encrypted.
Viewer encryption settings
The web browser viewers and VNC viewers (of level 4.0b5S or higher) offer four
encryption settings:
• Always on - This setting will ensure that the link is encrypted, regardless of
the iPEPS encryption setting.
• Let server choose - This setting will follow the configuration of the iPEPS. If
the iPEPS has ‘Always on’ or ‘Prefer on’ set, then the link will be encrypted.
If the ‘Prefer off’ setting is selected at the iPEPS, then the link will not be
encrypted.
• Prefer off - This setting will configure an un-encrypted link if the iPEPS will
allow it, otherwise it will be encrypted.
• Prefer on - If the iPEPS allows it, this setting will configure an encrypted
link, otherwise it will be un-encrypted.
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Hot plugging and mouse restoration
It is strongly recommended that you switch off the host computer before
attempting to connect it to the iPEPS. However, if this is not possible then you
need to ‘hot plug’ the computer while it is still running. There is not normally a
danger of damage to the computer, however, when mouse communications are
interrupted, often they fail to re-initialise when reconnected. The iPEPS provides
a feature to reinstate mouse communications once the necessary connections
have been made.
To restore mouse operation when hot plugging:
1 Carefully make the keyboard, monitor and mouse connections between the
host computer and the iPEPS ports.
2 Using a keyboard and monitor directly connected to the iPEPS, log on and
then press
to view the options menu. More about hotkeys
3 Select the ‘Restore mouse functions’ option to display:
There are two main types of data formats used by current PC mice, these are
the older ‘PS/2’ format and the more recent ‘IntelliMouse®’ format introduced
by Microsoft. These use slightly different data arrangements and it is important
to know which type was being used before you hot-plugged the computer to
the iPEPS. The previous setting depends both on the type of mouse and the type
of driver, as various combinations of PS/2 and IntelliMouse are possible. Using
the incorrect restore function may produce unpredictable results and require the
computer to be re-booted.
Which restore setting do I use?
The general rule is that unless both the mouse and the driver are both
IntelliMouse compatible then you need to restore the mouse as ‘PS/2’. An
IntelliMouse can operate in either mode, whereas a PS/2 mouse cannot.
4 Select one of the following options:
Recognising an IntelliMouse-style mouse
• Restore PS/2 Mouse – if PS/2 mode is required, or
• Restore IntelliMouse – if IntelliMouse mode is required.
5 Select the ‘Return to host’ option.
The IntelliMouse format was introduced to support, among other features, the
scroll wheel function. If the mouse has a scroll wheel, then it is likely to support
the IntelliMouse format. If it is a Microsoft-branded mouse, then it will usually
state that it is an IntelliMouse on its underside label.
6 Move the mouse a short distance and check for appropriate on-screen
cursor movement. If the mouse cursor darts erratically around the screen,
then cease moving the mouse. This is an indication that the chosen restore
function is incorrect. Try again using the other restore function.
Recognising an IntelliMouse driver
Before hot plugging to the iPEPS (or afterwards using only keyboard control),
access the Windows Control Panel of the computer and select either the Mouse
option (on Windows NT, 2000 and XP) or the System option (on Windows 95,
98, ME). Look for the name of the driver, which will usually include the words
PS/2 or IntelliMouse.
Note: The restore functions predict the likely mouse resolution settings but
may not restore the exact speed or sensitivity settings that were originally
set.
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Resetting the configuration (Dual Access models only)
The iPEPS does not display the configuration sequence
If the iPEPS has been previously configured it may not automatically display the
first of the setup screens. In this case you have two options, either:
• Reset the configuration:
To invoke a configuration reset by main menu
1 Using the locally connected keyboard and screen, log on as the admin user.
2 Select the ‘Configuration’ option.
3 Highlight the ‘Reset configuration’ option and press
.
A warning screen will be displayed, select the RESET option and press
.
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Part 1 – Initial configuration (Standard or Dual Access models)
To perform the initial local configuration
1 Connect the iPEPS to an IP network where a suitable computer is available
3 In the ‘Server:’ entry, type the address: 192.168.1.42
4 Click the OK button. Depending on the options selected, you may need to
confirm certain items. A connection attempt will be made and if successful,
an authentication dialog will be displayed:
D U
A L
A
w w w
C C E S S
. a d d e r
. c o m
L
N
K
1
0
R
E
0
M
L
O
C
V
N
C
P
W
R
P
O
W
E
5 Enter admin as the Username, leave the password entry blank and click
R
the OK button. The viewer window should now open:
O
1
N
2
Click the Configure button
of actions that you can take.
2 Use a computer connected to the same subnet of the network.
6 Click the Configure button to display the Configuration menu:
A connection details dialog will be displayed:
Enter the iPEPS address here
and click OK
You are now ready to
begin Part 2 of the
If required, select the
encryption mode - MORE [+]
Use the various options
(particularly the ‘Unit
Configuration’ and ‘Network
Configuration’ options) to
arrange the iPEPS to suit
your requirements.
Options button
Provides a range of viewer and connection settings - MORE [+]
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If the iPEPS does not respond on the network
To alter the iPEPS network settings via USB connection
If the iPEPS fails to respond when you attempt to access it on a local network
(as discussed on the previous page), the most likely cause (presuming that it is
correctly connected) is that it has been re-assigned to use network settings other
than the default values.
This method allows you to configure the basic iPEPS network settings before it
has been connected to any network. To achieve this task, you need to connect
the iPEPS to a computer that uses Windows 2000, XP or Vista.
1 Remove all power to the device and set switch 2 on the iPEPS unit to ‘ON’.
In such cases, you can remedy the situation in either of two ways, either:
2 Connect the iPEPS mouse port to a vacant USB socket on your computer using
the supplied KVM cable and green USB converter plug as shown in the Host
and purple converter then the iPEPS can derive power from the computer.
• Reset the iPEPS back to its default network settings using the reset
procedure (shown below),
or
• Set the iPEPS to any required network settings using a USB link
3 Power up the iPEPS unit and the computer (if not already switched on).
(shown right)
.
Ü
4 The Windows computer should report that a ‘New Disk’ has been inserted.
Use Windows Explorer to browse to the new disk and locate the file ‘config.
txt’. Edit this file using an editor such as Notepad or Wordpad:
To reset the iPEPS to its default network settings
If the iPEPS network address has been previously changed from its factory
default, then it won’t respond when you try to make initial contact. You can
reset it to its default address (192.168.1.42) and other settings by performing
the following:
#
#
Configuration File
=================
#Edit and save this file. Close editor before safely removing USB mass storage device.
#Wait 10 seconds after disconnecting USB lead for configuration to happen.
#Lines beginning with a ‘#’ are comments
#All other lines should be of the form: Parameter=Value
#DO NOT USE SPACE OR TABS
1 Remove all power to the device.
2 Set switch 2 on the side of the unit to its ON position.
3 Apply power to the device. After about two
seconds the VNC indicator will light. Before the
indicator extinguishes, insert a thin object (such
as a straightened paperclip) into the small hole
adjacent to the power socket to depress the
concealed reset switch and then remove it.
L
N
#IP Address for device
IpAddress=192.168.1.42
Reset
button
hole
K
1
0
R
E
0
M
L
O
V
C
N
C
P
W
R
#IP sub-network mask
IpNetMask=255.255.0.0
P
O
W
E
R
#Gateway for subnet
IpGateway=
#Whether to use DHCP on device 1=true, 0=false
UseDHCP=0
4 Shortly after, the VNC light should flash five
times. This indicates that the reset operation
has been successful.
#Set to ‘1’ to reset password
resetAdminPasswd=0
5 Remove power and return switch 2 on the
side of the unit to its OFF position.
5 Edit the parameters in this file as required, then save the file.
6 IMPORTANT: In the Windows Explorer ‘File’ menu, choose the ‘Eject’ option
in order to prompt the iPEPS to use the new information. Wait a couple of
seconds to ensure that this action has been completed.
7 Disconnect the USB cable from the computer.
8 Wait for ten seconds and then power down the unit.
9 Return Switch 2 to its ‘OFF’ position.
10 The iPEPS unit configuration should have been set with the new
information that you provided in the config.txt file. If necessary, you can
confirm that this has happened by repeating these steps to check the
contents of the “config.txt” file.
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Part 2 – Remote configuration
To perform the remote configuration
1 Use either the VNC viewer or a standard web browser to make remote
The second part of the configuration requires you to log into the iPEPS from
a system via a network connection using either of the following two access
applications:
• The VNC viewer – a small application supplied on the CD-ROM or
downloadable from the Adder and RealVNC websites or even downloadable
from the iPEPS itself.
output from the host system (if one is connected), or otherwise a ‘No Signal’
message.
or
• A standard browser that supports Java – As soon as a web browser makes
contact, the iPEPS downloads a Java application to it. This allows a viewer
window to be opened and operation to commence just as it would with the
VNC viewer application.
3 Click the Configure button in the top right hand corner of the window to
display the configuration menu
Allows you to create and manage up to sixteen separate user
accounts, each with separate access permissions.
Allows you to alter both basic and fundamental
settings within the iPEPS.
Allows you to set the current time and date as well as the
timezone specifier and specify a network timeserver, if necessary
Here you can alter any of the existing network settings plus you
can take advantage of the IP access control feature that lets you
to specifically include or exclude certain addresses or networks.
Provides various details about the user activity on the iPEPS.
Several of the options within the configuration menu duplicate those
that are available in the local configuration (Dual Access model only).
However, there are other settings that are only available here.
For more information about each menu option, please see Appendix 5
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Placing iPEPS behind a router or firewall
Networking issues
A possible point of contention between the iPEPS and a firewall can occasionally
arise over the use of IP ports. Every port through the firewall represents a potential
point of attack from outside and so it is advisable to minimise the number of open
ports. The iPEPS usually uses two separate port numbers, however, these are easily
changeable and can even be combined into a single port.
Thanks to its robust security the iPEPS offers you great flexibility in how it
integrates into an existing network structure. The iPEPS is designed to reside
either on an internal network, behind a firewall/router or alternatively with its
own direct Internet connection.
IMPORTANT: The correct configuration of routers and firewalls requires advanced
networking skills and intimate knowledge of the particular network. Adder Technology
cannot provide specific advice on how to configure your network devices and strongly
recommend that such tasks are carried out by a qualified professional.
Positioning iPEPS in the network
Every network setup is different and great care needs to be taken when
introducing a powerful device such as the iPEPS into an existing configuration.
A common cause of potential problems can be in clashes with firewall
configurations. For this reason the iPEPS is designed to be intelligent, flexible
and secure. With the minimum of effort the iPEPS can reside either behind the
firewall or alongside with its own separate Internet connection.
Port settings
• Port 80 for users making contact with a web browser, and
• Port 5900 for those using the VNC viewer.
When these port numbers are used, VNC viewers and web browsers will locate
the iPEPS correctly using only its network address. The firewall/router must be
informed to transfer traffic, requesting these port numbers, through to the
iPEPS.
Internet
Internet
Firewall/
router
When a web server is also on the local network
Port 80 is the standard port used by web (HTTP) servers. If the iPEPS is situated within
a local network that also includes a web server or any other device serving port 80
then, if you want to use the web browser interface from outside the local network
environment, the HTTP port number of the iPEPS must be changed.
Firewall/
router
ADDERLINK
ADDER®
When you change the HTTP port to anything other than 80, then each remote
browser user will need to specify the port address as well as the IP address. For
instance, if you set the HTTP port to ‘8000’ and the IP address is ‘192.168.47.10’
then browser users will need to enter:
ADDERLINK
Local
ADDER®
KVM link to
host system
network
connection
KVM link to
host system
Local
network
connection
(Note the single colon that separates the IP address and the port number).
The firewall/router would also need to be informed to transfer all traffic to the
new port number through to the iPEPS.
If you need to change the VNC port number
iPEPS situated behind the
firewall
iPEPS situated alongside
the firewall
If you change the VNC port to anything other than 5900, then each VNC viewer
user will need to specify the port address as well as the IP address. For instance,
if you set the VNC port to ‘11590’ and the IP address is ‘192.168.47.10’ then
VNC viewer users will need to enter:
IMPORTANT: When the iPEPS is accessible from the public Internet or dial up
192.168.47.10::11590
(Note the double colons that separate the IP address and port number).
The firewall/router would also need to be informed to transfer all traffic to the
new port number through to the iPEPS.
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Addressing
To discover a DHCP-allocated IP address
When the iPEPS is situated within the local network, you will need to give it an
appropriate local IP address and IP network mask. This is achieved most easily
using the DHCP server option which will apply these details automatically. If
a DHCP server is not available on the network, then these details need to be
applied manually in accordance with the network administrator.
Once a DHCP server has allocated an IP address, you will need to know it in
order to access the iPEPS via a network connection. To discover the allocated IP
address:
DHCP’ option to ‘Yes’ and select ‘Save’. Once the page is saved, the iPEPS
will contact the DHCP server and obtain a new address.
The firewall/router must then be informed to route incoming requests to port
5900 or port 80 (if available) through to the local address being used by the
iPEPS.
2 Re-enter the same ‘Network configuration’ screen where the new IP address
and network mask should be displayed.
DNS addressing
As with any other network device, you can arrange for your iPEPS to be
accessible using a name, rather than an IP address. This can be achieved in two
main ways:
Remote user with VNC
viewer accesses IP
address: 129.7.1.10 and
automatically uses port
5900.
• For small networks that do not have a DNS (Domain Name System) server,
edit the ‘hosts’ files on the appropriate remote systems. Using the hosts file,
you can manually link the iPEPS address to the required name.
Internet
• For larger networks, declare the IP address and required name to the DNS
server of your local network.
The actual steps required to achieve either of these options are beyond the
scope of this document.
Firewall/router address:
ꢀꢁꢈ.ꢆ.ꢀ.ꢀ0
The firewall routes the
request from the VNC viewer
on port 5900 through to
the iPEPS at local address
192.168.0.3
iPEPS has a local address
and net mask, i.e.
ADDERLINK
IP address: 192.168.0.3
Net mask: 255.255.255.0
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Placing iPEPS alongside the firewall
iPEPS is built from the ground-up to be secure. It employs a sophisticated 128bit
public/private key system that has been rigorously analysed and found to be
highly secure (a security white paper is available upon request from Adder
Technology Ltd). Therefore, you can position the iPEPS alongside the firewall and
control a computer that is also IP connected within the local network.
Security can be further improved by using the following suggestions:
• Place the iPEPS behind a firewall and use port the numbers to route the VNC
network traffic to an internal IP address.
• Review the activity log from time to time to check for unauthorized use.
• Lock your server consoles after they have been used.
IMPORTANT: If you make the iPEPS accessible from the public Internet, care
should be taken to ensure that the maximum security available is activated. You
are strongly advised to enable encryption and use a strong password. Security
may be further improved by restricting client IP addresses, using a non-standard
port number for access.
A security white paper that gives further details is available upon request from
Adder Technology Limited.
Ports
In this configuration there should be no constraints on the port numbers
because the iPEPS will probably be the only device at that IP address. Therefore,
maintain the HTTP port as 80 and the VNC port as 5900.
Ensuring sufficient security
The security capabilities offered by the iPEPS are only truly effective when they
are correctly used. An open or weak password or unencrypted link can cause
security loopholes and opportunities for potential intruders. For network links
in general and direct Internet connections in particular, you should carefully
consider and implement the following:
Addressing
When the iPEPS is situated alongside the firewall, it will require a public static IP
address (i.e. one provided by your Internet service provider).
More addressing information:
• Ensure that encryption is enabled.
• Ensure that you have selected secure passwords with at least 8 characters
and a mixture of upper and lower case and numeric characters.
• Reserve the admin password for administration use only and use a non-
admin user profile for day-to-day access.
• Use the latest Secure VNC viewer (this has more in-built security than is
• Restrict the range of IP addresses that are allowed to access the iPEPS to only
• Ensure that the computer accessing the iPEPS is clean of viruses and
spyware and has up-to-date firewall and anti-virus software loaded that is
appropriately configured.
• Avoid accessing the iPEPS from public computers.
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Operation
To view the local control menu
1 Press and hold the hotkeys (usually
release all three keys.
Connecting to the iPEPS
The iPEPS offers you two ways to connect:
• Local connection (Dual Access models only),
...and two types of viewer:
and
), then press
and finally
Note: The
and
keys when pressed in combination are called
‘hotkeys’ and they signal to the iPEPS that you wish to control it, rather than
the host computer. However, if these particular hotkeys clash with another
device or program, then your administrator may change them to a different
• VNC viewer,
combination. If the
combination fails to work, then please
• Standard web browser.
contact the system administrator for details.
Local connection (dual access models only)
The keyboard, video monitor and mouse connected directly to the iPEPS dual
access offer password protected access to the host computer.
To make a local connection:
1 Using the keyboard connected directly to the iPEPS dual access, press any
key to exit the screensaver and display the logon prompt.
The local control menu contains numerous options, the most useful of which
are:
• Access mode - Allows you to select a ‘Private’ mode in order to prevent
other logged on users from viewing your actions on the host computer. Use
and
to change between modes.
Note: For the courtesy of other users, this mode should be used sparingly.
The admin user has the ability to overrule the private setting.
• Return to host - Quits the control menu and displays the host computer
2 Enter your username and password. Providing you have the correct
permissions, the screen will display the currently selected host computer.
screen.
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Local connection (continued)
Remote connections
From a remote system,
you connect to the iPEPS
using either of two types
of viewer:
To avoid the ‘hall of mirrors’ effect
IMPORTANT: Never configure a system so that your viewer is viewing itself.
OR
When controlling a host computer using the locally connected keyboard, video
monitor and mouse, it is possible to use the VNC viewer or a browser (if the host
computer is networked) to create a remote link back to itself. This will set up a
‘hall of mirrors’ effect, where the computer is viewing itself into infinity.
While technically possible, the iPEPS unit is not designed to withstand this
treatment and could sustain damage.
Internet
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Remote connection by VNC viewer
The VNC viewer is a compact application that runs on your remote system and
allows you to view and use the iPEPS and its host computer. VNC viewer is
readily available from a number of different sources:
To connect using the VNC viewer
• from the iPEPS installation CD
A connection details dialog will be displayed:
Enter the iPEPS address here
and click OK
If required, select the
encryption mode - MORE [+]
Options button
Provides a range of viewer and connection settings - MORE [+]
2 In the ‘Server:’ entry, type the address of the iPEPS as follows:
v.w.x.y
where v.w.x.y is the IP network address, for example 192.168.0.3
3 Click the OK button. Depending on the options selected, you may need to
confirm certain items. A connection attempt will be made and if successful,
an authentication dialog will be displayed:
and show the current host computer. Note: If the Username entry is blanked
out then only admin user account is currently defined and only a password is
required.
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Remote connection by Web browser
the iPEPS and its host computer. As soon as you make contact with the iPEPS it
will begin downloading a small Java application to your browser, which will be
used only for the duration of your connection.
To connect using your Web browser
1 Launch your standard Web browser as usual.
2 In the Address section, type the address of the iPEPS as follows:
where v.w.x.y is the IP network address, for example 192.168.0.3
3 Press
. A connection attempt will be made. In the browser window,
select the ‘Connect using built-in Java VNC viewer’ option to download
a small application that will temporarily empower your browser (on slow
connections the application download can take several tens of seconds to
complete). Once complete, a connection details dialog will be displayed:
The previously entered iPEPS
address will be shown here
If required, select the
encryption mode - MORE [+]
Options button
Provides a range of viewer and connection settings - MORE [+]
4 Make any necessary option/encryption changes and click the OK button
to proceed. Depending on the options selected, you may need to confirm
certain items.
5 A second connection attempt will be made and if successful, an
authentication dialog will be displayed:
and show the current host computer. Note: If the Username entry is blanked
out then only admin user account is currently defined and only a password is
required.
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When using the viewer window
Using the viewer window
The viewer window gives you the ability to view and control the iPEPS and its
host computer. Its operation is almost identical regardless of whether you used
the VNC viewer or your Web browser to display it.
What is the best screen resolution to use?
The best resolution for your computer is one that is larger than the screen of
the host computer that you are viewing. This will allow you to see everything
without scrolling around, as described next.
The menu bar
How do I navigate around a larger screen?
The viewer window presents a menu bar similar to that shown below. Certain
items within the toolbar are displayed depending upon your access permissions
and/or the iPEPS configuration.
If the screen that you are viewing has a larger resolution than your viewing
window you will need to scroll around to see all items. The viewer window
allows you to ‘bump scroll’ (only in full screen mode). This means that when
your mouse cursor bumps against the edge of the screen, the screen image will
scroll across automatically.
(VNC viewer only)
Click the VNC
icon to view the
viewer window
options.
CTRL-ALT-DEL
Dialogue area
Click to send the CTRL-
ALT-DEL key sequence
to the connected host
computer.
Displays a menu of
options concerning
keyboard, video and
mouse operation.
This area indicates your
username and can also
display other messages.
How do I escape from full screen mode?
Press the F8 button. This button is changeable but is most often set to F8.
Why is the
This happens when a new host screen is viewed (that has not been viewed
before). Click the button to perform an auto calibration for the screen and
button flashing red?
How do I remove traces of moved items from the screen?
When you move an item or window across the screen, sometimes it can leave
unsightly trails. These are called artifacts and can be particularly prevalent when
the connection speed is low. To remove artifacts, click the ‘Controls’ button and
Ensures that the Determines the
mouse pointer
which you move mouse settings for
and the mouse
pointer on the
host system
are correctly
synchronised.
How do I make the most of a slow connection?
Allows you
to choose
between
Shared and
Private access
modes.
This option is only
available to the
admin user and
provides access
to the main
The VNC viewer is slightly better suited to slower connections than the browser
viewer when entering the iPEPS address during log on.
optimum video and/or
the host computer.
This button will flash
red when the new
host screen is first
encountered. Click this
button when you first
visit the new screen.
Adjust the Threshold setting
suggests. Tweak this setting manually to ensure the best setting.
configuration
menus.
Fewer colours
improvement and looks a lot worse.
Rate limit mouse events
When selected, this mode greatly reduces the mouse movement data that are
sent to the host computer. When you move the local mouse, the remote cursor
will catch up roughly once per second.
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Mouse pointers
Re-synchronise mouse
Both viewers provide a double mouse cursor to help overcome any delays
caused by slow connections. When you move your mouse you will see two
mouse cursors, a local one that responds immediately to your movements and a
second, slower moving, cursor that represents the current mouse position at the
host.
If you find that your local mouse pointer and that of the host are not correctly
synchronised, use this feature to re-align their movements. This operation is also
selectable from the Controls menu.
To re-synchronise the mouse
1 Click the
button and then click OK in the subsequent pop-up message.
For the browser viewer, the local
cursor is a typical arrow:
Note: If you find that this doesn’t work, you may need to perform a mouse
calibration again.
Local cursor
Access mode - shared/private
Up to five users can be simultaneously logged-on (four remote users plus one
local user) and during normal operation, all are able to see the same view of
the currently selected host. If you need to perform a sensitive task that should
not be viewed by other users, you can change the access mode to Private. This
action blanks the viewer window for all other logged on users.
Remote host cursor
Note: For the courtesy of other users, this mode should be used sparingly. The
admin user has the ability to overrule the private setting.
For the VNC viewer, the local
cursor is a dot:
To change the access mode
1 Click one of the arrow buttons adjacent to the
Shared/Private indicator.
Local dot cursor
Remote host cursor
Additionally, for fast network
connections, the VNC viewer also
provides a single mouse mode.
details.
Single local cursor
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Controls
Auto calibrate
When clicked, this button reveals a menu of
options concerned with keyboard, video and
mouse operation.
When you visit the host computer for the very first time, your viewer needs
to determine the optimum video and mouse settings. The button will remind
you to click it by flashing red when a new computer screen is encountered.
Performing this step is important because it can help to decrease unnecessary
video information being sent across the link, thus improving overall
performance.
Single Mouse Mode
This mode is for fast network connections
where the cursor response is sufficient
to provide instant visual feedback on the
remote screen. When enabled, the cursor is
‘captured’ within the viewer window until you
use the ‘escape’ hot keys.
Once this has been done, the video settings for the host computer will be
retained and re-used.
Note: When performing an auto calibration, ensure that the screen image is
static (no moving images) and also try to remove any on-screen displays (such
as host names or menus). This is because they can affect the calibration process
and result in a lower overall performance level. For mouse calibration, ensure
that there are no application windows located around the upper left corner of
the screen. This is because as the mouse calibration takes place, the cursor may
change (to match the application as it skims across the window) and this may
confuse the calculation. Also ensure that the host system does not have the
mouse cursor trails option enabled.
To escape from single mouse mode, press F8
and then P. Alternatively, enable and use the mouse button escape sequences
The single mouse mode does not require calibration.
Resync Mouse
This option has the same effect as the button on the menu bar and re-
synchronises the local and remote mouse pointers.
To auto calibrate the screen and/or mouse
1 Click the
button to display the Calibrate options dialog:
Refresh Screen
2 Click the required action.
This option refreshes the whole screen image to remove any artifacts from
moved screen items. This is useful when using very low refresh rates on slow
speed communication links.
A progress indicator will be
displayed while the necessary
calculations are made.
Upon completion
an information
dialog will
explain the
results:
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Mouse Control
Keyboard Control
This option displays a mouse control dialog and is useful when the remote
cursor is failing to respond correctly to your mouse movements, even after using
the Resync mouse option.
This option displays a keyboard control dialog and is useful for sending keyboard
combinations (to the host) that are needed regularly or that are trapped by the
iPEPS.
The mouse control dialog allows you to control the remote mouse cursor using a
selection of buttons that you click with your local mouse.
Click to produce a single
mouse click for the left,
centre or right mouse
buttons
Enter the
code here
Click to send
the code
Click to produce a
continuous mouse click
and hold for the left,
centre or right mouse
buttons
Click to move the remote
mouse cursor up, down,
left or right
Click to calibrate the
remote mouse
Click to take text from
the remote viewer
clipboard and present
it at the host computer
as though it had been
typed there directly
When entering codes:
+ means press down the key that follows
–
means release the key that follows
For a USB mouse, allows you
to choose between Relative
(standard) and Absolute
positioning modes.
For the latter, the connected host
computer must support absolute
positioning devices.
+– means press down and release the key that follows
* means wait 250ms (note: if a number immediately follows the asterisk, then
the delay will equal the number, in milliseconds)
Click to display the Restore
mouse dialog where you
can reinstate a mouse
that has failed to operate
correctly.
It is automatically assumed that all keys specified will be released at the end, so
there is need to specify -Ctrl or -Alt if these keys are to be released together.
Examples:
For advice on which mouse
type to choose.
‘Ctrl + Alt 12’ would be expressed as: +Ctrl+ Alt+1–1+2
+N means press the ‘N’ key
+Scroll means press the Scroll lock key
+Space means press the space key
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Video Settings
This dialog provides access to all of the key video settings that determine image
quality and link performance.
Using automatic configurations
• Every setting can be individually subjected to an automatic configuration
(click the appropriate ‘Auto’ button) and most can also be manually
adjusted.
Phase
Threshold
The phase setting
adjusts the alignment
of the host video
output and the
remote system video
display to achieve the
sharpest image.
The threshold
is effectively a
noise filter that
differentiates
between valid
video signals
and background
noise or
• Use the ‘Calibrate All’ button to automatically determine the optimum
settings for all items.
Note: Before using the ‘Calibrate All’ option, if possible, remove on-screen
display (OSD) elements. These OSD elements use different video rates
to those of the host system and can affect the setting of the automatic
threshold value. iPEPS uses an improved calculation procedure to filter out
the effect of these elements. However, best results are obtained when the
screen contains only host system information.
interference.
This has
the effect
Horizontal position
Determines the
horizontal position of
the host screen image
within the viewer
window.
of reducing
Note: To maximise performance, the threshold level is automatically
increased by 50% when a slow link is detected.
unnecessary
video signals
between the
iPEPS and the
remote system,
thus improving
performance.
Setting the Threshold manually
Occasionally it can be useful to manually adjust the Threshold setting, in order to
achieve a setting that best suits your particular requirements.
Vertical position
Determines the
vertical position
of the host screen
image within the
viewer window.
1 Use the ‘Calibrate All’ function to ensure that all other settings are
optimised.
2 Click the Threshold left arrow button to decrement the setting by one and
observe the ‘Display Activity’ indicator.
Colour, brightness &
contrast
Calibrate all
Click to
Display activity
Indicates the level
of video activity
currently in
Provides manual
sliders and also an
automatic setting
button to optimise
these important video
constituents for the
current host and
connection speed.
determine the
optimum settings
for all aspects of
video the video
connection from
the host system.
3 Repeat step 2 until the Display Activity indicator suddenly rises to a much
higher level (i.e. 50%). This will mean that you have reached the noise
boundary. At this point, increment the Threshold value by 2 or 3 points to
achieve an optimum setting.
progress.
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Advanced Settings
Virtual Media
This option contains video signal settings that do not normally need to be
adjusted.
Pixel Format
Determines the colour
depth and data
Info
When selected, this option displays an information dialog showing the current
logged on users, the current host, its video mode and its mouse motion details.
required to represent
each video pixel.
Motion Detection
This option is not
available for use with
the iPEPS.
Tile Width and Height
Overlap Capture
Determines the size of the sample
areas into which the source video
screen is divided for examination
purposes. Smaller sizes result in
more areas to sample, larger areas
result in more frequent screen area
refreshes. 16 is considered to be the
optimum size for both the width
and height settings.
When enabled, the iPEPS will begin capturing the
next frame of video output from the host computer
before it has fully completed processing the current
frame. In most cases this produces better video
performance, however, when moving large objects
around the screen (such as an application window),
the video image seen at the remote system may
exhibit temporary artifacts as the large image
moves.
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Virtual Media
The Adder Virtual Media feature allows you to remotely make files available
to the host computer linked to the iPEPS. Single files or collections of files and
folders up to 2GB in size can be quickly transferred via the VNC link. This can
prove to be an invaluable tool when upgrading the host computer from remote
positions.
In order to use the Adder Virtual Media feature, the VM link must be made
connections for details.
To remotely transfer files to a host computer
1 On the remote system, log into the iPEPS using the VNC viewer in the usual
manner.
2 On the remote system, select the file(s), folder(s) or storage device (i.e.
floppy disk, hard drive, CD-ROM, memory stick) that you wish to transfer to
the host computer (to a maximum of 2GB) in either of the following ways:
• Within the VNC viewer window, press Fꢇ and then V. A quick scan will
be made of the available storage devices and a popup similar to the
following will be displayed:
• Using Windows Explorer (or the Apple Finder), locate and copy the
required file, folder or drive to the clipboard.
On the remote system, within the VNC viewer window, click the
Controls button and then select the Virtual Media option. A popup
similar to the following will be displayed:
Click the ‘Create VM Drive’ button to announce file availability to the
host computer, whereupon a popup will confirm that the new virtual
media disk is built.
Select the required storage device or file/folder, choose an appropriate
‘Drive Type’ (virtual CD, floppy or disk (directory)) and click OK. The
selected device will be tagged for transfer but no other action will take
place at this point.
Note that using either of the two methods outlined above, no files or folders
are transferred at this point, instead the iPEPS will simulate a removable
storage device at host computer. This will appear within Windows Explorer
or Apple Finder exactly as a floppy disk, removable drive or memory stick
would.
3 On the host computer (either directly from iPEPS local console or via the
VNC viewer) locate the new virtual drive and access the files as necessary.
Files will be transferred to the host computer as they are specifically
requested by the actions of the host computer.
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Downloading VNC viewer from the iPEPS
If you need to enter a port number
The iPEPS has the ability to distribute its own VNC viewer application.
Usually, when you make a network connection to the iPEPS (either using the
VNC viewer or a Web browser) you simply enter the IP address, i.e. 192.168.0.3.
However, if a special configuration is necessary, then you may be asked to
specify a port number as well as the IP address.
To download the VNC viewer
1 Open your Web browser.
2 Enter the network address where the iPEPS is situated (in the form:
To enter a port number in a Web browser
1 Enter the required IP address in the usual Address box,
3 In the opening iPEPS screen, click the link that offers to download the secure
VNC viewer ‘from the unit’.
4 Save the download file (vncviewer.exe) to your system.
2 At the end of the IP address, add a single colon and then enter the port
number (in this example, the required port number is 8000),
5 Select and run the downloaded file and then connect to the iPEPS using the
To enter a port number in VNC viewer
1 Enter the required IP address in the usual ‘Server’ box,
2 At the end of the IP address, add two colons and then enter the port
number (in this example, the required port number is 11590),
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Viewer encryption settings
Supported web browsers
The web browser viewers and VNC viewers (of level 4.0b5S or higher) offer four
encryption options. The resulting actions of certain options depend upon how
the iPEPS to which you are connecting is configured:
The following web browsers have been tested and found to work correctly with
iPEPS.
Windows
• Internet Explorer 5.50 and above,
• Always on - This setting will ensure that the link is encrypted, regardless of
the iPEPS encryption setting.
with Microsoft [Java] Virtual Machine (release 5.50).
with Java Runtime Environment 1.3 or above.
• Let server choose - This setting will follow the configuration of the iPEPS.
If the iPEPS has a preference to encrypt the link, then it will be so, otherwise
the link will not be encrypted.
Linux
• Prefer off - This setting will configure an un-encrypted link if the iPEPS will
• Netscape 4.61 and above,
allow it, otherwise it will be encrypted.
with Java Runtime Environment 1.1 or above.
• Opera,
• Prefer on - If the iPEPS allows it, this setting will configure an encrypted
link, otherwise it will be un-encrypted.
with Java Runtime Environment 1.1 or above.
Whenever encryption does take place, the viewer will first need to create the
necessary secure key before the connection process can continue.
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Further information
Troubleshooting
This chapter contains a variety of information, including the following:
• Getting assistance - see below
Remote network users are unable to contact the iPEPS
• Check that the correct address is being used by the remote users.
• Troubleshooting - see right
• Appendices
• If the iPEPS is situated behind a firewall, check that the relevant ports are
network link is a 100Mbps connection, the 100 indicator should also be on.
The remote cursor is not correctly responding to my mouse movements
not have mouse cursor trails enabled and that the top left corner of the
screen is clear of application windows.
When logging on using VNC viewer, I cannot enter a username
admin user has been configured on the iPEPS.
• Warranty
Getting assistance
If you are still experiencing problems after checking the list of solutions in the
Troubleshooting section then we provide a number of other solutions:
Check the Support section of our website for the latest solutions and driver
files.
• Email – support@adder.com
• Fax
in the UK:
in the US:
0ꢀꢈꢄꢃ ꢆꢇ00ꢇꢀ
+ꢀ ꢇꢇꢇ ꢁꢆꢄ ꢀꢀꢀꢆ
• Phone
in the UK:
in the US:
0ꢀꢈꢄꢃ ꢆꢇ00ꢃꢃ
+ꢀ ꢇꢇꢇ ꢈꢂꢁ ꢂꢂꢂꢆ
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Appendix 1 - Local configuration menus
This section covers the control menus that are available when you are using the
locally connected keyboard, video monitor and mouse.
To access the local configuration menus
• On the locally connected keyboard, simultaneously press
.
Note: If the standard hotkeys (CTRL + ALT) have been changed, then you
need to use those keys together with C to access the menus.
If you are not logged on as the
‘admin’ user then the Configuration
menu will not be available.
Select the ‘Configuration’ option to display:
Select the required option:
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Unit configuration
This page provides access
to a selection of both basic
and fundamental settings
for the iPEPS.
To get here
1 Use the local keyboard and log on as the ‘admin’ user.
2 Press
(hotkeys may be different).
3 Select ‘Configuration’.
4 Select ‘Unit configuration’.
Screensaver
Keybd layout
Use the left and right arrow keys to select an appropriate period of inactivity
on the local keyboard or mouse before a screensaver is displayed and the user
is logged out. This setting applies to local users only and once the screensaver
is displayed, for security purposes the user is required to log in again. The
timeout period can be selected between 5 minutes and 1 day (24 hours) or you
timeout option serves a similar purpose for remote connections.
Use the arrow buttons to match the keyboard layout expected by the host
system.
Admin password
Enter the password that will be used to gain administrator access to the iPEPS.
There can only be one admin user and only that user is given access to the
configuration menus. The admin password background will be red until a
reasonably secure password has been entered, although this is only advisory as
any password or no password may be entered.
Time and date
Use the left and right arrow keys to select the correct time and date. The time
entry uses the 24 hour clock notation. The internal real time clock will continue
to run for roughly one week without power to the iPEPS, after that it will be lost
and require resetting. Use the up and down arrow keys to move between each
of the sections within the time and date entries.
Unit name
The name entered here will be displayed on the local menus and the remote
VNC/browser windows.
Hot keys
Use the left and right arrow keys to select an appropriate hot key sequence for
the locally connected keyboard. This sequence is used in combination with other
keypresses to access the on-screen menus. The options are: Ctrl+Alt (default),
Ctrl+Shift, Alt+Shift, Alt Gr, Left + Right Alt, Left Ctrl + Alt or Right Ctrl + Alt.
Encryption
Three options are available: Always on, prefer off, prefer on. The one to choose
details. The use of encryption imposes a slight performance overhead of roughly 10%
but is highly secure against third party intrusion.
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Network configuration
This page allows you to
configure the various
aspects of the IP port and its
relationship with the local
network.
To get here
1 Use the local keyboard and log on as the ‘admin’ user.
2 Press
(hotkeys may be different).
3 Select ‘Configuration’.
4 Select ‘Network configuration’.
MAC address
Gateway
Media Access Control address – this is the unique and unchangeable code that
was hard coded within your iPEPS unit when it was built. It consists of six 2-digit
hexadecimal (base 16) numbers separated by colons. A section of the MAC
address identifies Adder Technology as the manufacturer, while the remainder is
effectively the unique electronic serial number of your particular unit.
This is the address of the device that links the local network (to which the iPEPS
is connected) to another network such as the Internet. Usually this is a network
switch or router and it will be used whenever a device to be contacted lies
outside the local network.
VNC port
Use DHCP
This is the logical link through which communications with a remote VNC viewer
a widely recognised port number for use by VNC software. However, in certain
circumstances it may be advantageous to alter this number - see Security issues
with ports for more details.
DHCP is an acronym for ‘Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol’. Its function is
particularly useful when connecting to medium size or larger networks. When
this option is selected, your iPEPS will attempt to locate a DHCP server on the
network. If such a server is located, it will supply three things to the iPEPS: an
IP address, an IP network mask (also known as a Subnet mask) and a Gateway
address. These are not usually granted permanently, but on a ‘lease’ basis for
a fixed amount of time or for as long as the iPEPS remains connected and
Note: The VNC port and HTTP port can be set to the same port number in order
to simplify router and firewall configuration. If this is done then the iPEPS will
“listen” for both types of traffic on the single port.
HTTP port
IP address
This is the logical link through which communications with a remote web
browser will be channelled. The default setting of 80 is an established standard
for web (HTTP – HyperText Transfer Protocol) traffic though this can be changed
to suit your local network requirements.
This is the identity of the iPEPS within a network. The IP address can be thought
of as the telephone number of the iPEPS. Unlike the MAC address, the IP
address can be altered to suit the network to which it is connected. It can either
be entered manually or configured automatically using the DHCP option. When
the DHCP option is enabled, this entry is greyed out.
Clear IP access control
This option removes all entries from the IP access control feature within the
iPEPS. The IP access control feature (configurable by a remote admin user)
allows certain network address ranges to be denied access to the iPEPS. If set
incorrectly, it is possible to exclude all network users and so this option provides
an emergency recovery point.
Net mask
Also often called the ‘subnet-mask’, this value is used alongside the IP address
to help define a smaller collection (or subnet) of devices on a network. In this
way a distinction is made between locally connected devices and ones that are
reachable elsewhere, such as on the wider Internet. This process helps to reduce
overall traffic on the network and hence speed up connections in general.
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Reset configuration
This option allows you to
completely reset the iPEPS.
To get here
1 Use the local keyboard and log on as the ‘admin’ user.
2 Press
(hotkeys may be different).
3 Select ‘Configuration’.
4 Select ‘Reset configuration’.
WARNING: This process will remove all settings and return the unit to use its
original state. A complete reconfiguration will be required before it can be used.
To reset the iPEPS configuration
1 With the RESET option highlighted, press
.
2 The first screen of the initial configuration process will be displayed. See
Initial configuration for details.
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Clear IP access control
This option removes all entries from the IP access control feature within the
iPEPS.
What is IP access control?
The IP access control feature (configurable by a remote admin user) allows
certain network address ranges to be denied access to the iPEPS. If set
incorrectly, it is possible to exclude all network users and so this option provides
an emergency recovery point.
To clear IP access control
1 Use the local keyboard and log on as the ‘admin’ user.
2 Press
(hotkeys may be set differently).
3 Select ‘Configuration’.
4 Select ‘Network
configuration’.
5 Highlight the ‘Clear IP
access control’ option
and press
.
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Appendix 2 - VNC viewer connection options
When you are connecting to the
iPEPS using the VNC viewer, a
number of options are available.
IMPORTANT: If you make any changes to the options given here and wish to
retain them for successive connection sessions, you must save the changes.
To do this, change to the ‘Load / Save’ tab and click the ‘Save’ button.
Click here to
access the options
There are six tabbed pages of options:
Colour/Encoding
Auto select
Colour level
When ticked, this option will
examine the speed of your
connection to the iPEPS and apply
the most suitable encoding method.
This option is suggested for the
majority of installations.
This section allows you to select the most appropriate colour level for the
speed of the connection to the iPEPS. Where the connection speed is slow or
inconsistent there will be a necessary compromise between screen response and
colour depth.
• Full – This mode is suitable only for fast network connections and will pass
on the maximum colour depth being used by the host system.
• Medium (ꢁꢄꢅ colours) – This mode reduces the host system output
to a 256 colour mode and is more suitable for ISDN and fast modem
connections.
Preferred encoding
There are three manually selectable
encoding methods which are
accessible when the Auto select
option is unticked.
• Low (ꢅꢃ colours) – This mode is suitable for slower modem connections
and reduces the host system output to 64 colours.
• ZRLE – This is a highly
compressed method that is
best suited to slow modem
connections.
• Very low (ꢇ colours) – This mode provides very rudimentary picture
quality and hardly any speed advantage over the 64 colour setting. You are
recommended not to use this mode.
• Hextile – This method offers better performance than the ZRLE when used
over a high speed network because there is no need for the iPEPS to spend
time highly compressing the data.
• Raw – This is a primitive, uncompressed method that is mainly used for
technical support issues. You are recommended not to use this method.
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Inputs
Rate-limit mouse move events
Enable all inputs
When ticked, this feature reduces the mouse movement information that is sent
to the iPEPS and host system. This is useful for slow connections and you will
notice that the remote cursor will catch up with the local cursor roughly once
every second.
When selected, allows keyboard,
mouse and clipboard data to be
transferred between server and
viewer systems.
Enable 3-button mouse emulation
Disable all inputs (view-only
mode)
When selected, prevents control
data being passed between server
and viewer. Viewer can display the
server output, but cannot control it.
This feature allows you to use a 2-button mouse to emulate the middle button
of a 3-button mouse. When enabled, press the left and right mouse buttons
simultaneously to create a middle button action. You are advised to generally
use a 3-button mouse.
Pass special keys directly to server
When ticked, ‘special’ keys (the Windows key, the Print Screen key, Alt+Tab,
Alt+Escape and Ctrl+Escape) are passed directly to the iPEPS rather than being
interpreted locally.
Customise
Allows you to select which data can
be transferred between server and
viewer.
Menu key
This feature allows you to select which function key is used to display the VNC
viewer options menu. The menu key is only way to exit from the full screen
viewer mode.
Send pointer events to server
When un-ticked, the VNC viewer
will not send mouse movement or click data to the iPEPS or host system.
Send keyboard events to server
When un-ticked, the VNC viewer will not send keyboard information to the
iPEPS or host system.
Send clipboard changes to server
This feature is restricted to software server versions of VNC and has no effect on
iPEPS installations.
Accept clipboard changes from server
IMPORTANT: If you make any changes to the options given here and wish to
retain them for successive connection sessions, you must save the changes.
To do this, change to the ‘Load / Save’ tab and click the ‘Save’ button.
This feature is restricted to software server versions of VNC and has no effect
on iPEPS installations, except for retrieving the activity log as described in the
logging and status section.
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Scaling
Misc
No Scaling
Shared connection (do not dis-
No attempt is made to make the
screen image fit the viewer window.
You may need to scroll horizontally
and/or vertically to view all parts of
the screen image.
connect other viewers)
This option does not apply to iPEPS
connections.
Full screen mode
When ticked, the VNC viewer will
launch in full screen mode. Use the
menu key (usually F8) to exit from
full screen mode.
Scale to Window Size
Adjusts the server screen image to
suit the size of the viewer window.
Custom Size
Render cursor locally
Adjusts the server screen image
according to the Width and Height
settings in the adjacent fields. A drop
box to the right of the fields allows
you to define the image size by
percentage or by pixels, as required.
This option does not currently apply
to iPEPS connections.
Allow dynamic desktop resizing
When ticked, the viewer window
will be automatically resized
whenever the host system’s screen
resolution is altered.
Preserve Aspect Ratio
When ticked, maintains a consistent
ratio between the horizontal and
vertical dimensions of the screen
image.
Only use protocol version ꢂ.ꢂ
This option does not apply to iPEPS connections.
Beep when requested to by the server
When ticked, your local system will beep in response to any error beeps emitted
by the iPEPS.
Offer to automatically reconnect
When ticked, the viewer will offer to restore a lost connection with the server.
Try Single Sign-On if server allows it
This option does not apply to iPEPS connections.
IMPORTANT: If you make any changes to the options given here and wish to
retain them for successive connection sessions, you must save the changes.
To do this, change to the ‘Load / Save’ tab and click the ‘Save’ button.
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Identities
Load / Save
This feature helps your VNC viewer
Configuration File - Reload
to confirm that a revisited iPEPS is
genuine and not another device
masquerading as an iPEPS. The list
given will retain the identities of all
visited units (that have full security
enabled).
Allows you to load a configuration
file saved from this, or another
viewer.
Configuration File - Save
Allows you to save the current
settings so that they can be copied
from one viewer to another.
When you first make a secure
connection to the iPEPS, the security
information for that iPEPS unit is
cached within this Identities tab
(i.e. the “identity” is known). The
next time that you connect to the
iPEPS, its identity is checked against
the stored version. If a mismatch is
found between the current and the
stored identities then a warning will
be issued to you.
Configuration File - Save As...
Allows you to save the current
settings under a new name so that
they can be copied from one viewer
to another.
Defaults - Reload
When clicked, all connection
options are returned to the default
settings that are currently saved.
If an existing iPEPS is fully
reconfigured then it will need to issued with a new identity. In this case the
previous identity, listed in this tab, should be removed so that a new identity can
be created on the next connection.
Defaults - Save
When clicked, saves the current connection options as the default set that will
be used in all subsequent VNC connections.
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Appendix 3 - VNC viewer window options
Click the VNC icon in the top left corner of the viewer window (or press F8) to
display the window options:
Standard window control items
Full screen
Expands the VNC viewer window to fill the whole screen
with no visible window edges. Press F8 to re-display this
menu.
Single mouse mode (P)
Used for fast network connections where a second,
“predictor” cursor is not required.
Ctrl, Alt, Send Fꢇ, Send Ctrl-Alt-Del
Sends the selected keypress(es) to the iPEPS and host
system. This is necessary because certain keys and key
combinations are trapped by the VNC viewer.
Refresh Screen
Requests data from the server for a complete redraw of
the screen image, not just the items that change.
New connection...
Displays the connection dialog so that you can log on to a
different iPEPS or VNC server location.
Options...
Displays the full range of connection options - see
Appendix 2 for more details.
Connection info...
Displays various connection and display details.
About...
Displays information about your VNC viewer.
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Inputs
Appendix 4 - Browser viewer options
When you are connecting to the
iPEPS using a Web browser, a
number of options are available.
View only (ignore mouse & keyboard)
When ticked, the viewer will not send keyboard
or mouse information to the iPEPS or host
system.
Accept clipboard from server
This feature is restricted to software server
versions of VNC and has no effect on iPEPS
installations.
Click here to
access the options
There are four options pages:
Send clipboard to server
This feature is restricted to software server versions of VNC and has no effect on
iPEPS installations.
Encoding and colour level
Auto select
When ticked, this option will examine the speed
of your connection to the iPEPS and apply the
most suitable encoding method. This option is
suggested for the majority of installations.
Security
ꢄꢀꢁ bits (low security)
Selects the lowest level of encoding for
communications between the browser and the
iPEPS.
Preferred encoding
There are three manually selectable encoding
methods which are accessible when the Auto
select option is unticked.
ꢀ0ꢁꢃ bits (medium security)
Selects the middle level of encoding for
communications between the browser and the
iPEPS.
• ZRLE – This is a highly compressed method
that is best suited to slow modem connections.
• Hextile – This method offers better performance than the ZRLE when used
over a high speed network because there is no need for the iPEPS to spend
time highly compressing the data.
ꢁ0ꢃꢇ bits (high security)
Selects the highest level of encoding for communications between the browser
and the iPEPS.
• Raw – This is a primitive, uncompressed method that is mainly used for
Misc
technical support issues. You are recommended not to use this method.
Shared (don’t disconnect other viewers)
This feature is restricted to software server
versions of VNC and has no effect on iPEPS
installations.
Colour level
The colour level is fixed at Medium (256 colours) for almost all browsers.
Render cursor locally
This feature is restricted to software server
versions of VNC and has no effect on iPEPS
installations.
Fast CopyRect
This feature is restricted to software server versions of VNC and has no effect on
iPEPS installations.
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Appendix 5 - Remote configuration menus
This section covers the configuration menus that are available to remote admin
users using either the VNC viewer or the browser methods of access.
To access the remote configuration menus
• Click the Configure button in the top right
corner of the window when logged on as
the admin user.
Main configuration menu
Logged on users
Indicates the current users
irrespective of whether they
are connected locally or via a
network.
Click the required option
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User accounts
To get here
1 Using VNC viewer or a browser, log on as the ‘admin’ user.
This section allows you to manage up to sixteen separate accounts.
2 Click the ‘Configure’ button in the top right corner.
3 Click the ‘User Accounts’ option.
The first of the sixteen accounts is the admin account and is the only account
with access rights to the configuration menus. The user name and access rights
are fixed for the admin account, the only change possible for this account is the
password.
There are fifteen user account positions.
User Name
All user names must consist of lower case characters or numbers only. No
symbols or upper case characters are permissible. The user name can be
between 1 and 16 characters in length.
Password
Passwords are case sensitive and can include certain keyboard symbols. The
password can be between 1 and 16 characters in length (or can be left blank
for no password - not recommended). It is important to note, however, that
the password background remains shaded in amber while the iPEPS considers
your entered password to be too easy to guess. A suitable password is best
constructed using a mixture of more than 6 letters, numbers and punctuation
characters.
Local
When ticked, the selected user can gain access using the local KVM console
directly connected to the iPEPS (dual access models only).
Remote
When ticked, the selected user can gain access via an IP network link, such as a
local intranet or the wider Internet (depending on how the iPEPS is connected).
To create a new account
1 Enter the required User Name to activate that position (the Password and
access tick box positions will become editable).
2 Optionally enter a password for the user account.
3 Tick/untick the Local and/or Remote options that are appropriate to the user.
4 Click the Save button to register your changes.
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Unit configuration
To get here
1 Using VNC viewer or a browser, log on as the ‘admin’ user.
This page provides access to a selection of both basic and fundamental settings
for the iPEPS. Many of the settings displayed here are also accessible through the
on-screen menu on the locally attached keyboard, mouse and monitor.
2 Click the ‘Configure’ button in the top right corner.
3 Click the ‘Unit Configuration’ option.
Unit Name
The name entered here will be displayed on the local menus and the remote
VNC viewer/browser windows.
Local Hot Key Sequence
Use the arrow buttons to select an appropriate hot key sequence for the locally
connected keyboard. This sequence is used in combination with other keypresses
to access the on-screen menus. The options are: Ctrl+Alt (default), Ctrl+Shift,
Alt+Shift, Alt Gr, Left + Right Alt, Left Ctrl + Alt or Right Ctrl + Alt.
Screensaver Timeout
Use the arrow keys to select an appropriate period of inactivity before a
screensaver is displayed and the user is logged out. This setting applies to local
users only and once the screensaver is displayed, for security purposes the
user is required to log in again. The timeout period can be selected between 5
minutes and 1 day (24 hours) or you can choose the OFF setting to disable the
screensaver feature.
Encryption
Three options are available: Always on, prefer off, prefer on. The one to choose
details. The use of encryption imposes a slight performance overhead of roughly
10% but is highly secure against third party intrusion.
Advanced unit configuration
Hardware Version
Click this button to display advanced options that do not normally require
alteration.
Indicates the version of the electronic circuitry within the iPEPS unit.
Firmware Version
Indicates the version of the hardwired software within the iPEPS flash memory.
Host Keyboard Layout
Use the arrow buttons to match the keyboard layout expected by the host
system.
Admin Password
Enter the password that will be used to gain administrator access to the iPEPS.
There can only be one admin user and only that user is given access to the
configuration menus.
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Mouse Latency Allowance
Advanced unit configuration
Displays advanced options that do not normally require alteration.
This option is used during calibration to account for latency delays (caused
as signals pass through a device) introduced by some KVM switches from
alternative manufacturers.
During calibration, the iPEPS waits for 40ms after each mouse movement before
sampling the next. If a KVM device adds a significant delay to the flow of data,
the calibration process can be lengthened or may fail entirely. The value entered here
is added to (or subtracted from) the default 40ms sampling time.
Note: You can enter negative values (down to -40) in order to speed up the
calibration process when using fast KVM switches. Use this option with caution
as it can adversely affect the calibration process.
Mouse Rate
Defines the rate at which mouse movement data are transmitted to the system.
The default option is 20ms, which equates to 50 mouse events per second.
This default rate can prove too fast when passed through certain connected
KVM switches from alternative manufacturers. In such cases, data are discarded
causing the local and remote mouse pointers to drift apart. If this effect is
encountered, increase the mouse rate to around 30ms (data are then sent at a
slower rate of 33 times per second).
Background Refresh Rate
Use the arrow keys to alter the refresh rate for screen images via remote links. This
allows you to tailor the screen refresh to suit the network speed. The options are:
Slow, Medium, Fast or Disabled. When the disabled option is selected, the remote
users will need to manually refresh the screen.
Note: When a low connection speed is detected, the background refresh is
automatically disabled, regardless of the settings of this option.
To get here
1 Using VNC viewer or a browser, log on as the ‘admin’ user.
Single Mouse Mode Mouse Switch
2 Click the ‘Configure’ button in the top right corner.
3 Click the ‘Unit Configuration’ option.
Allows you to select the mouse button combination that can be used to exit from
single mouse mode (when active). Options are: Disabled, Middle+Right Button,
Middle+Left Button.
4 Click the ‘Advanced Unit Configuration’ option.
Force VNC Protocol ꢂ.ꢂ
IMPORTANT: The use of this option is not recommended. Protocol 3.3 is a legacy
version that does not offer any encryption.
Behaviour for admin connections when limit reached
Determines what should occur when four global connections already exist and
a fifth, administrator connection attempt is made. Options are: Replace oldest
connection, Replace newest connection and Don’t replace. Only non-administrator
connections can be terminated in this way.
Idle Timeout
Determines the period of inactivity on a remote connection before the user is logged
out. The idle timeout period can be set to any time span, expressed in minutes.
Use VESA GTF
When ticked, the VESA Generalized Timing Formula will be used to help
determine the correct input video resolution and timing details. See Appendix 9
for a list of all supported video modes.
Protocol Timeout
Sets the time period by which responses should have been received to outgoing
data packets. If the stated period is exceeded, then a connection is considered
lost and terminated.
Upgrade firmware
Places the unit into upgrade mode.
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Time & date configuration
This page allows you to configure all aspects relating to time and date within the
iPEPS.
Timezone specifier
Optionally enter a recognised timezone specifier related to the current position
of the iPEPS. When an NTP server is used, the specifier will be used to provide
the correct real time.
The timezone specifier takes the following form:
std offset dst [offset],start[/time],end[/time]
The std and offset specify the standard time zone, such as GMT and 0, or
CET and -1, or EST and 5, respectively.
The dst string and [offset] specify the name and offset for the
corresponding Daylight Saving Time zone; if the offset is omitted, it defaults
to one hour ahead of standard time.
The remainder of the specification describes when Daylight Saving Time is
in effect. The start field is when Daylight Saving Time goes into effect and
the end field is when the change is made back to standard time. The most
common format used for the daylight saving time is: Mm.w.d
Where: m specifies the month and must be between 1 and 12. The day d
must be between 0 (Sunday) and 6. The week w must be between 1 and
5; week 1 is the first week in which day d occurs, and week 5 specifies the
last d day in the month.
The time fields specify when, in the local time currently in effect, the change
to the other time occurs. If omitted, the default is 02:00:00.
Typical examples are:
UK:
GMT0BST,M3.5.0/1,M10.5.0/2
CET-1CEST,M3.5.0/2,M10.5.0/3
EST5EDT,M4.1.0/2,M10.5.0/2
PST8PDT,M4.1.0/2,M10.5.0/2
EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2
PST5PDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2
Central Europe:
US Eastern (2006):
US Pacific (2006):
US Eastern (from 2007):
US Pacific (from 2007):
Time and Date
Use the arrow buttons to set the correct current time.
Use NTP
When this option is selected, the iPEPS will synchronise its internal clocks using
information from the (Network Time Protocol) server listed in the NTP Server IP
address field.
For further details
• For details of timezone specifier formats, please refer to:
NTP Server IP address
Optionally enter the IP address for a known Network Time Protocol server.
• For details of the Network Time Protocol (main RFC number: 1305; the SNTP
subset used as the basis for the iPEPS: 4330)
Set Time from NTP Server
Click to immediately use the time and date information from the listed NTP server.
To get here
1 Using VNC viewer or a browser, log on as the ‘admin’ user.
2 Click the ‘Configure’ button in the top right corner.
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Network configuration
To get here
1 Using VNC viewer or a browser, log on as the ‘admin’ user.
This page allows you to configure the various aspects of the IP port and its
relationship with the local network.
2 Click the ‘Configure’ button in the top right corner.
3 Click the ‘Network Configuration’ option.
IP Address
of as the telephone number of the iPEPS. Unlike the MAC address, the IP
address can be altered to suit the network to which it is connected. It can either
be entered manually or configured automatically using the DHCP option. When
the DHCP option is enabled, this entry is greyed out.
IP Network Mask
to help define a smaller collection (or subnet) of devices on a network. In this
way a distinction is made between locally connected devices and ones that are
reachable elsewhere, such as on the wider Internet. This process helps to reduce
overall traffic on the network and hence speed up connections in general.
IP Gateway
This is the address of the device that links the local network (to which the iPEPS
is connected) to another network such as the wider Internet. Usually the actual
gateway is a network switch or router and it will be used whenever a required
address lies outside the current network.
VNC Port
MAC address
This is the logical link through which communications with a remote VNC viewer
a widely recognised port number for use by VNC software. However, in certain
circumstances it may be advantageous to alter this number - see ‘Security issues
with ports’ for more details.
Media Access Control address – this is the unique and unchangeable code that
was hard coded within your iPEPS unit when it was built. It consists of six 2-digit
hexadecimal (base 16) numbers separated by colons. A section of the MAC
address identifies Adder Technology as the manufacturer, while the remainder is
effectively the unique electronic serial number of your particular unit.
HTTP Port
Use DHCP
This is the logical link through which communications with a remote web
established standard for web (HTTP – HyperText Transfer Protocol) traffic though
this can be changed to suit your local network requirements.
DHCP is an acronym for ‘Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol’. Its function is
particularly useful when connecting to medium size or larger networks. When
this option is selected, your iPEPS will attempt to locate a DHCP server on the
network. If such a server is located, it will supply three things to the iPEPS: an
IP address, an IP network mask (also known as a Subnet mask) and a Gateway
address. These are not usually granted permanently, but on a ‘lease’ basis for
a fixed amount of time or for as long as the iPEPS remains connected and
IP Access Control
This section allows you to optionally specify ranges of addresses which will or
won’t be granted access to the iPEPS. If this option is left unchanged, then the
default entry of ‘+0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0’ ensures that access from all IP addresses will
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Setting IP access control
The golden rule with this feature is ‘Include before you exclude’ or to put it
another way ‘Arrange allowed addresses in the list before the denied addresses’.
To define a new IP access control entry
1 Click the Add button to display a popup dialog:
This is because the positions of entries in the list are vitally important. Once a
range of addresses is denied access, it is not possible to make exceptions for
particular addresses within that range. For instance, if the range of addresses
from A to F are denied access first, then the address C could not be granted
access lower down the list. Address C needs to be placed in the list before the
denied range.
IMPORTANT: This feature should be configured with extreme caution as it is
possible to deny access to everyone. If such an error occurs, see Clear IP access
control for details about how to regain access.
Network/Address
Mask
Access
Enter the network address
that is to be allowed or denied
access. If a range of addresses
is being specified then specify
any one of the addresses
within the range and use the
Mask entry to indicate the size
of the range.
Enter an IP network mask
that indicates the range of
addresses that are to be
allowed or denied access.
For instance, if only a single
specified IP address were to be
required, the mask entry would
be 255.255.255.255 in order
to specify a single location. See
access control for details.
Use the arrow buttons to
select either ‘Allow’ or
‘Deny’ as appropriate.
In the list, access control addresses prefixed by ‘+’ are allow entries while those
prefixed by ‘– ‘ are deny entries.
access setting.
3 Click the OK button.
To reorder access control entries
IMPORTANT: When reordering, ensure that any specific allowed addresses are
listed higher in the list than any denied addresses. Take care not to invoke any
deny access settings that would exclude valid users.
To get here
1 Using VNC viewer or a browser, log on as the ‘admin’ user.
2 Click the ‘Configure’ button in the top right corner.
3 Click the ‘Network Configuration’ option.
1
2
In the access control list, click on the entry to be moved.
Click the Up or Down buttons as appropriate.
To edit/remove access control entries
1
In the access control list, click on the appropriate entry.
2
Click either the Edit or Remove button as appropriate.
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Hotkey sequences
iPEPS allows you to enter commands that take the form of hotkey sequences
that emulate standard keypress combinations.
Hotkey sequences
Almost any combination of keypresses can be emulated using the following
notations:
+ means press down the key that follows,
–
means release the key that follows,
+– means press and then release the key that follows,
means add a delay. The standard delay period is 250ms, however, if a
number immediately follows the asterisk, this will define an alternate delay
period (in milliseconds).
*
A list of permissible keypresses and information about how to abbreviate them
Notes
• The entries are not case sensitive.
• It is not necessary to specify all keys to be released at the end because they
are all released automatically after the last code.
Examples
To send the command Ctrl + Alt 4 you should use the following: +Ctrl+Alt+4.
To send the command Ctrl + Alt 12 you should use the following: +Ctrl+ALT+–
1+2 (the ‘+–1’ entry causes the 1 key to be pressed and released before the 2
key is pressed).
To send the command Scroll lock 1 + Enter (with a 500ms delay) you should use
the following: +–Scr*500+1+Ent
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Logging and status
This screen provides various details about the user activity on the iPEPS.
To copy and paste the log
You can copy the information listed within the log and paste it into another
application.
Note: The log has a maximum capacity of 1000 event lines. After 1000 entries,
the oldest entries are overwritten. If log data are important to your installation,
ensure a regular backup procedure or use the Syslog Server IP Address option to
send log information automatically to another system.
1 While viewing the log screen, press Ctrl and C, to copy the data into the
clipboard.
2 In a text application (i.e. Word, WordPad, Notepad) press Ctrl and V, or right
mouse click and ‘Paste’.
Date and
time the
event
Type of event, user name and access
method or remote IP address
Syslog Server IP Address
occurred
Logging information can optionally be sent, as it occurs, to a separate system
using the standard Syslog protocol. Enter the IP address of a suitable system in
the field provided.
For further details
• For details of the Syslog protocol (RFC number: 3164)
To get here
1 Using VNC viewer or a browser, log on as the ‘admin’ user.
2 Click the ‘Configure’ button in the top right corner.
3 Click the ‘Logging and Status’ option.
Click to clear
all log entries
Click to
refresh
the list
Optionally enter an
IP address to which
the status log should
be sent
Click to
return to
the main
menu
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Appendix 6 – Addresses, masks and ports
Net masks
IP address, network masks and ports are all closely linked in the quest for one
device to find another across disparate network links.
The net mask (or sub-net mask) informs a device as to its own position within a
network. From this it can determine whether any other device is within the same
local network or is situated further afield.
IP addresses
Taking the telephone number analogy given in the IP address section, in order
to use the telephone system efficiently, it is vital for you to know your location
relative to the person you are calling. In this way you avoid dialling unnecessary
numbers.
As a rough analogy, consider how you use the telephone system. The phone
number for Adder Technology in the UK is 0044 (0)1954 780044. This number
consists of three distinct parts:
When one network device needs to talk to another, the first thing that it will
do is a quick calculation using its own IP address, the other device’s IP address
and its own net mask. Suppose a device with address 192.168.142.154 and
net mask 255.255.255.0 needed to communicate with a device at address
192.168.142.22. The sending device would perform several calculations:
• 0044 connects from another country to the UK
• (0)1954 selects the main telephone exchange in the Bar Hill area of
Cambridgeshire, and
• 780044 is the unique code for Adder Technology within Bar Hill.
The important parts of the whole number depend on where you are. If you were
based in the same local area as Adder Technology, there would be no point
in dialling out of the UK, or even out of the area. The only part of the whole
number that you are interested in is the final part: 780044.
1
Sending
device IP
address
Destination
device IP
address
192 168 142 154
192 168 142 000
192 168 142 22
192 168 142 000
In a similar way to the various parts of the telephone number, the four sections
(or Octets) of every IP address have different meanings or “weights”. Consider
the following typical IP address:
Net mask
Result
3
2
192.168.142.154
192 is the most global part of the number (akin to the 0044 of the phone
number) and 154 is the most local (similar to the 780044 unique local code of
the phone number).
192.168.142.000 = 192.168.142.000 ? Answer: YES
4
Address
is local
When two network devices communicate with each other, they always “dial the
whole number” regardless of their respective locations in a network. However,
they still need to know whether the other device is local to them or not, and this
is where the net mask comes into play.
1 The net mask is used to determine the local and global parts of the sender’s IP
address. Where there is 255 in the mask, the corresponding address slips through,
where there is a 0, it is blocked.
2 Where the net mask was 0, the corresponding part of the result is also zero - this
section is now known to be the local part of the IP address.
3 The same process is carried out for the destination address, again using the sender’s
net mask. Now the local parts of both addresses have been equalised to zero, because
their values are not important in determining whether they are both in the same local
network.
4 The results of the two net mask operations are now compared, if they match, the
destination is local. If not, then the sender will still use the same full destination IP
address but will also flag the message to go via the local network gateway and out
into the wider world.
The reason for doing this? It makes the network, as a whole, much more
efficient. If every message for every recipient was shoved straight out onto the
Internet, the whole thing would grind to a halt within seconds. Net masks keep
local traffic just that - local.
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Net masks - the binary explanation
To really understand the operation of a net mask it is necessary to delve deeper
into the life blood of computers – binary; this is native digital, where everything
is either a 1 (one) or 0 (zero), on or off, yes or no.
AND function’. The example of 255.255.255.0 is handy because the last octet
is completely zero and is “clean” for illustrative purposes. However, actual net
mask calculations are carried out, not on whole decimal numbers, but bit by bit
on binary numbers, hence the term ‘bit-wise’. In a real local network, a net mask
might be 255.255.255.240. Such an example would no longer be quite so clear,
until you look at the net mask in its binary form:
11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000
In this case, the four zeroes at the end of the net mask indicate that the local
part of the address is formed by only the last four bits. If you use the diagram
from the previous example and insert the new net mask, it will have the
following effect on the final result:
Decimal octet prior to AND
operation with net mask
154
192 168 142 154
192 168 142 144
Binary equivalent of ꢀꢄꢃ
10011010
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
Inside a bit-wise AND function
When you “open up” the last octet
of the net mask and look at the
binary inside, you can see the last
four zero bits preventing any 1’s in
the address from falling through.
10010000
Binary octet after AND
operation with net mask
Decimal equivalent of ꢀ00ꢀ0000
144
Thus, when 154 is bit-wise ANDed with 240, the result is 144. Likewise, any
local address from 192.168.142.144 through to 192.168.142.159 would
produce exactly the same result when combined with this net mask, hence they
would all be local addresses. However, any difference in the upper three octets
or the upper four bits of the last octet would slip through the mask and the
address would be flagged as not being local.
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Calculating the mask for IP access control
The permissible mask values (for all octets) are as follows:
The IP access control function uses a standard IP address and a net mask
notation to specify both single locations and ranges of addresses. In order to
use this function correctly, you need to calculate the mask so that it accurately
encompasses the required address(es).
Mask octet
255
Binary
Number of addresses encompassed
1 address
11111111
11111110
11111100
11111000
11110000
11100000
11000000
10000000
00000000
254
2 addresses
Single locations
252
4 addresses
Some of the simplest addresses to allow or deny are single locations. In this case
you enter the required IP address into the ‘Network/Address’ field and simply
enter the ‘Mask’ as 255.255.255.255 (255 used throughout the mask means
that every bit of the address will be compared and so there can only be one
unique address to match the one stated in the ‘Network/Address’ field).
248
8 addresses
240
16 addresses
224
32 addresses
192
64 addresses
128
128 addresses
256 addresses
All locations
The other easy setting to make is ALL addresses, using the mask 0.0.0.0 As
standard, the IP access control section includes the entry: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0
0
+
If the access control range that you need to define is not possible using one
address and one mask, then you could break it down into two or more entries.
Each of these entries could then use smaller ranges (of differing sizes) that,
when combined with the other entries, cover the range that you require.
The purpose of this entry is to include all IP addresses. It is possible to similarly
exclude all addresses, however, take great care not to do this as you instantly
Address ranges
For instance, to accurately encompass the range in the earlier example:
Although you can define ranges of addresses, due to the way that the mask
operates, there are certain restrictions on the particular ranges that can be set.
For any given address you can encompass neighbouring addresses in blocks of
either 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, etc. and these must fall on particular boundaries.
For instance, if you wanted to define the local address range:
192.168.142.67 to 192.168.142.93
You would need to define the following six address and mask combinations in
the IP access control section:
Network/address entry Mask entry
192.168.142.67 to 192.168.142.93
192.168.142.67
192.168.142.68
192.168.142.72
192.168.142.80
192.168.142.88
192.168.142.93
255.255.255.255
255.255.255.252
255.255.255.248
255.255.255.248
255.255.255.252
255.255.255.255
defines 1 address (.67)
The closest single block to cover the range would be the 32 addresses from:
192.168.142.64 to 192.168.142.95.
defines 4 addresses (.68 to .71)
defines 8 addresses (.72 to .79)
defines 8 addresses (.80 to .87)
defines 4 addresses (.88 to .92)
defines 1 address (.93)
The mask needed to accomplish this would be: 255.255.255.224
When you look at the mask in binary, the picture becomes a little clearer. The
above mask has the form: 11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000
Ignoring the initial three octets, the final six zeroes of the mask would ensure
that the 32 addresses from .64 (01000000) to .95 (01011111) would all be
details.
When defining a mask, the important rule to remember is:
There must be no ‘ones’ to the right of a ‘zero’.
For instance, (ignoring the first three octets) you could not use a mask that had
11100110 because this would affect intermittent addresses within a range in an
impractical manner. The same rule applies across the octets. For example, if you
have zeroes in the third octet, then all of the fourth octet must be zeroes.
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Ports
Security issues with ports
The settings of port numbers become important when the iPEPS is situated
behind a network firewall. In order for a remote VNC viewer or web browser
to make contact with your iPEPS, it is necessary for the firewall to allow
communication through a particular numbered port to occur.
then think of ports as extension numbers. In a company of any size, you
generally wouldn’t expect the accounts department to share the same telephone
with the technical department. Although their calls may all be related to the
same company, they concern very different aspects of that company.
One specific function of firewalls is to restrict access to ports in order to prevent
malicious attackers using them as a route into your network. Every new port
that is opened offers a new possibility for hackers and so the number of
accessible ports is purposefully kept to a minimum. In such cases, it may be
advantageous to change one or both iPEPS ports to use the same number. The
other alternative is to place the iPEPS unit outside the firewall and take full
It is the same with IP network connections. Although you have only one network
link into your computer and only one IP address (phone number), you are
probably performing many different tasks through that one link, often at the
same time. Thus, when you browse the web your outgoing requests and the
incoming information are all channelled through port 80. When you send an
email, it travels through port 25 and when you transfer files you are, without
knowing it, using port 20.
IMPORTANT: The correct configuration of routers and firewalls requires
advanced networking skills and intimate knowledge of the particular network.
Adder Technology cannot provide specific advice on how to configure your
network devices and strongly recommend that such tasks are carried out by a
qualified professional.
At the “border crossing” between the wider Internet and every local network
attached to it, there is a router that is usually combined with a firewall. One of
its main tasks is to direct incoming traffic to the correct place within its local
network. A key piece of information to help it do this is the port number:
User with VNC viewer accesses
IP address: 129.7.1.10 (this
automatically uses port 5900).
User accesses the company
website at: 129.7.1.10 (this
automatically uses port 80).
Internet
Router/firewall address: ꢀꢁꢈ.ꢆ.ꢀ.ꢀ0
Router is programmed to send port 5900
VNC traffic to local address 192.168.0.3
and port 80 web traffic to local address
192.168.0.42
ADDERLINK
Web server
ADDER®
Web server has the local
IP address: 192.168.0.42
iPEPS has the local IP
address: 192.168.0.3
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Appendix 7 – Cable and connector specifications
RS232 serial mouse to PS/2 converter cable
ꢅpin mini-DIN
female
ꢈpin D-type
female
NC
CLK
DAT
TXD
GND
+5V
-12V
5
1
2
3
4
6
1
2
5
4
6
7
3
8
9
DCD
RXD
GND
DTR
DSR
RTS
TXD (-12V)
CTS
Female
5
3
6
NC
NC
4
RI
|
