Adaptec Network Card PC 104 User Manual

PCM-3420  
PC/104 Fast SCSI-2 Module  
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Copyright Notice  
This document is copyrighted, 1997. All rights are reserved. The  
original manufacturer reserves the right to make improvements to the  
products described in this manual at any time without notice.  
No part of this manual may be reproduced , copied , translated or  
transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior written  
permission of the original manufacturer. Information provided in this  
manual is intended to be accurate and reliable . However, the original  
manufacturer assumes no responsibility for its use , nor for any  
infringements upon the rights of third parties which may result from  
its use.  
Acknowledgements  
Adaptec , Adaptec logo, AHA, and EZ-SCSI are trademarks of  
Adaptec Inc.  
PC/104 and the PC/104 logo are registered trademarks of the PC/104  
Consortium  
Floptical is a trademark of Insite Peripherals  
Windows and Windows 95 are registered trademarks of Microsoft  
Corporation  
Windows NT is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation  
IBM, AT, OS/2 and Micro Channel are registered trademarks of  
International Business Machines Corporation  
Microsoft, MS-DOS, and MS are registered trademarks of Microsoft  
Corporation  
Novell and Netware are registered trademarks of Novell, Inc.  
SCO is a registered trademark of The Santa Cruz operation, Inc.  
UNIX is a registered trademark; and USL is a trademark of UNIX  
system Laboratories.  
All other product names or trademarks are properties of their respec-  
tive owners.  
2007342000 Manual PCM-3420 Rev.A1 1st Ed.  
Printed in Taiwan March 1997  
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Packing Set  
Before you begin installing PCM-3420 Module, please make sure that  
the following materials have been shipped :  
- 1 PCM-3420 Fast SCSI-2 Host Adapter Module  
- SCSI-2 Flat Cable (50 Pin)  
- 1 PCM-3420 User's Manual  
- 1 EZ-SCSI LITE utility disk for Windows  
- 1 Manager Set utility disk for OS/2, Windows NT, Windows 95, and  
Netware v3.1x, v4.xx  
- 1 Manager Set utility disk for SCO and Unixware  
- 1 Adaptec 6000 Family Manager Set User’s Guide (postscript print  
files) disk  
If any of these items are missing or damaged, contact your distributor  
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or sales representative immediately.  
Contents  
Chapter 1 General Information ............. 1  
Product Highlights ................................................................ 2  
Introduction ........................................................................... 2  
Features................................................................................. 3  
Peripheral Device Support .................................................. 3  
Specifications ........................................................................ 4  
Technical Specifications ........................................................... 4  
Physical and Environmental Specifications .............................. 4  
Board layout ........................................................................... 5  
Chapter 2 Hardware Installation............ 7  
Jumpers and connectors ..................................................... 8  
Locating jumpers .................................................................. 9  
Locating connectors ........................................................... 10  
Setting jumpers ................................................................... 11  
Safety precautions ............................................................... 12  
Installing PCM-3420 Module ........................................... 12  
Factory default settings ...........................................................12  
Jumper configuration reference ..............................................13  
SCSI hard disk drive connecting ...................................... 18  
Chapter 3 EZ-SCSI Quick Reference...... 19  
System requirements.......................................................... 20  
Quick start instructions ..................................................... 20  
Windows 95 or Windows NT ..................................................20  
Windows/Windows for Workgroups 3.1x ................................21  
DOS ........................................................................................21  
Troubleshooting Tips ......................................................... 22  
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SCSI Device Troubleshooting ............................................... 22  
Windows 95/Windows NT Troubleshooting .......................... 22  
Information for DOS/Windows 3.1x users ...................... 26  
Appendix A Installing PC/104 Modules 31  
Appendix B Pin Assignments ............... 35  
PC/104 connectors ..................................................................36  
SCSI Hard Drive Connector ...................................................37  
Appendix C Glossary of Technical Terms39  
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1
General  
Information  
This chapter gives background informa-  
tion on the PCM-3420.  
You can find out :  
l Product Highlights  
l Product Features  
l Compatibility  
l Product Specifications  
l Card Layout  
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Product Highlights  
l PC/104 Embedded-PC Module  
l SCSI-2 Compatibility  
l Optimized performance for DOS and Windows; support for all major  
operating systems  
l Customer configuration to match specific requirements  
l Economical connection of up to seven(7) SCSI devices  
l Proven Adaptec quality and reliability  
Introduction  
The PCM-3420 host adapter offers a wide range of flexible, economical  
and expandable solutions that can satisfy diverse needs in SCSI  
connectivity. Based on Adpatec’s proven AIC-6360 protocol chip, the  
PCM-3420 supports all major operating systems - DOS, Windows,  
Windows NT, Netware, UNIX, and OS/2 that permit precise matching  
of products to specific requirements, and allows rapid system-level  
configurations.  
The PCM-3420 is particularly well suited to easy, inexpensive connec-  
tion of CD-ROM drivers as well as ideal for connecting a stack of  
seven different SCSI peripheral - from hard disks and CD-ROM drives  
to tape, DAT and removable-media drives.  
Supporting Fast SCSI, with transfer speeds of 10 Mbytes/sec, PCM-  
3420 also provides advanced features such as synchronous and  
asynchronous data transfer, support for multitasking and full DMA  
support.  
Whatever the particular configuration, each of the PCM-3420 host  
adapter can be relied on for the high levels of quality, compatibility and  
reliability.  
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Features  
l Adaptec’s proven AIC-6360 16-bit fast SCSI protocol chip.  
l Fully Adaptec AHA-1520A hardware compatible.  
l Fully Adaptec AHA-1510A/1520A/1522A software compatible.  
l SCSI-2 and Fast SCSI-2 devices are supported.  
l ASW SCSI BIOS provided, which supports boot capability.  
l Synchronous and Asynchronous data transfer modes are supported.  
l 128 Bytes FIFO to speed up the data transfer rate to 10MB/sec.  
l Complete software drivers and utilities included.  
l I/O configuration by jumpers.  
l Active termination, easy to setting by JP2.  
l Line busy status LED indicator.  
l Single power supply: +5V.  
Peripheral Device Support  
l Hard Disk Drivers: Conner, Fujitsu, Hewlett-Packard, Hitachi, IBM, Maxtor,  
Micropolis, Quantum, Segate.  
l QIC Tape Drivers: Archive, Cipher, Sankyo, Tallgrass, Tandberg, Teac,  
Tecmar, Wangtek.  
l DAT Drivers: Archive, Exabyte, Gigatrend, Hewlett-Packard, JVC, Maynard,  
R-Byte, Sony, Tecmar, WangDat, Wangtek.  
l CD-ROM Drivers: Chinon, Denon, Hitachi, IBM, LMSI, NEC, Panasonic,  
Pioneer, Sony, Texel, Toshiba, Goldstar.  
l Floptical Drivers: Insite, Iomega.  
l WORM Drivers: ATG, Cherokee, ISI, Kodak, LMS I, Maxtor, Mitsubishi,  
Panasonic, Pioneer, Richo, Sony, Toshiba.  
l Magneto-Optical Drivers: Cannon, Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Matsushita,  
Maxoptix, Mitsubishi, Most, Panasonic, Ricoh, Sharp, Sony.  
l Removable Media Drivers: Iomega, Ricoh, SyQuest, SyDOS.  
l JukeBoxes: Hewlett-Packard, Panasonic, LMSI.  
Chapter 1 General Information  
3
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l Scanners: Cannon, Hewlett-Packard, Panasonic, Ricoh.  
The PCM-3420 is designed to be compatible with devices that comply with  
SCSI-2 standard, including those not on this list. Not all models from a given  
manufacturer have been tested.  
Specifications  
Technical Specifications  
Computer BUS: PC/104 (ISA) Standard  
Interface Protocol: PIO  
Device Protocol: SCSI-2  
Fast SCSI Transfer Rate: Up to 10.0 Mbytes/sec  
Floppy Drive Support: None  
Advanced SCSI Features:  
Advanced SCSI Programming Interface(APSI) compliant  
- Disconnect/reconnect  
- Synchronous and Asynchronous data transfer  
Electrical Terminations : Single-ended, Active  
Bus Width: 16-bit  
Physical and Environmental Specifications  
Length: 3.6 inches  
Width: 3.8 inches  
Connector: 50-pin , flat cable  
Operating Temperature: 32 to 140 F (0º to 60 ºC)  
Humidity (operating): 5% to 95%, Non-Condensing  
Power Requirements: 5.25V to 4.75V tolerance on power supply  
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Board layout  
Chapter 1 General Information  
5
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2
Hardware  
Installation  
This chapter tells how to set up the PCM-  
3420 hardware , including instructions on  
setting jumpers and connecting SCSI  
devices.  
Be sure to read all the safety precautions  
before you begin the installation proce-  
dure.  
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Jumpers and Connectors  
Connectors on the board link it to SCSI devices and other PC/104  
modules. In addition, the board has a number of jumpers that allow  
you to configure the SCSI application to suit your systems.  
The table below lists the function of each board jumpers and connec-  
tors:  
Jumpers  
Label  
JP1  
JP2  
JP3  
JP4  
Function  
LED Indicator Location  
Termination Select  
Set DMA Channel Select  
Set IRQ Channel Select  
Set PCM-3420 SCSI ID, IRQ, DMA, Parity  
JP5  
Checking  
JP6  
JP7  
JP8  
JP9  
JP10  
Set PCM-3420 Operation Mode  
Set Port Address  
Set PCM-3420 BIOS Address  
Set PCM-3420 BIOS Address  
Set PCM-3420 BIOS Function  
Connectors  
Label  
J1  
Function  
PC/104 ISA-bus expansion  
PC/104 ISA-bus expansion  
J2  
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CN1  
SCSI-2 connector  
JP6  
Operation JP1  
JP7  
Port  
JP2  
Termination  
Mode  
LED  
Addr. Select  
SCSI-2 CN1  
JP8  
BIOS  
Addr.  
JP9  
BIOS  
Addr.  
JP10  
BIOS  
Func.  
JP4  
IRQ  
JP5  
SCSI ID,DMA  
PC/104 J1,J2  
JP3  
DMA  
Channel IRQ, Parity  
Channel  
Chapter 2 Hardware Installation  
9
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Locating Jumpers & Connectors  
Setting Jumpers  
You configure your PCM-3420 card to match the needs of your  
application by setting jumpers. Jumpers are the simplest kind of  
electric switch. They consist of two metal pins and a small metal clip  
(often protected by a plastic cover) that slides over the pins to  
connect them. To close” a jumper you connect the pins with the clip.  
To open a jumper you remove the clip. Sometimes a jumper will have  
3
three pins, labeled 1, 2, and 3. In this case you would connect either  
2
1
pins 1 and 2 or 2 and 3.  
Open  
Closed  
Closed 2-3  
1 2 3  
The jumper settings are schematically depicted as follows:  
Open  
Closed  
Closed 2-3  
A pair of needle-nose pliers may be helpful when working with  
jumpers.  
If you have any doubts about the best hardware configuration for  
your PCM-3420 application, contact your local distributor or sales  
representative before you make any changes.  
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Generally, you simply need a standard cable to make most connec-  
Warning !  
tions.  
Safty Precautions  
Always completely disconnect the power cord from your  
chassis whenever you are working on it. Do not make connec-  
tions while the power is on because sensitive electronic  
components can be damaged by the sudden rush of power .  
Only experienced electronics personnel should open the PC  
chassis.  
Caution !  
Always ground yourself to remove any static charge before  
touching the card. Modern electronic devices are very sensi-  
tive to static electric charges. Use a grounding wrist strap at all  
times. Place all electronic components on a static-dissipative  
surface or in a static-shielded bag when they are not in the  
chassis.  
Installing PCM-3420 Module  
Factory Default Settings  
PCM-3420 16-bit fast SCSI-2 host adapter are factory configured to  
operate in most PC/104 (ISA) computer systems. The factory default  
settings are:  
l SCSI Disconnection  
l SCSI ID  
Enabled  
7
l SCSI Parity  
l Terminators  
Enabled  
Installed  
Enabled  
11  
340h  
DC000h , Enabled  
l
Synchronous Negotiation  
l Interrupt Channel  
l ISA Port Address  
l ISA BIOS Address  
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l Data Transfer Mode  
l SCSI Floppy/Floptical  
l Fast SCSI  
Programmed I/O  
Disabled  
Disabled  
l > 1 Gbyte Translation  
Disabled  
In most cases, you will not need to change these settings.  
Jumper Configuration Reference  
Nine jumper blocks on the PCM-3420 host adapter are used to config-  
ure user-selectable options. The following description shows the  
proper jumper settings for their respective applications.  
Jumper Block JP2 :  
This jumper is used to set the terminator installed or uninstalled.  
JP2*  
JP2  
2-3 Close = Terminator Installed  
1-2 Close = Terminator Uninstalled  
(* means default setting)  
The SCSI bus must be terminated correctly to ensure proper operation  
of the PCM-3420 host adapter. Terminators must be installed in the first  
and last devices on the SCSI bus and removed from all other SCSI  
devices.  
Jumper Block JP3 :  
This jumper block is used only when DMA is enabled on jumper block  
JP6 jumper DT (data transfer mode).  
Set DMA Channel 0 = D0 & D0 Close (Others Open)  
Set DMA Channel 5 = D5 & D5 Close (Others Open)  
Set DMA Channel 6 = D6 & D6 Close (Others Open)  
Set DMA Channel 7 = DR & DA Close (Others Open)  
You must also select the same interrupt channel with the DC jumpers  
on jumper block 5.  
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Jumper Block JP4 :  
This jumper block is used to set IRQ channel. You must also set the  
corresponding IC jumper on jumper block 5.  
Set IRQ 12  
Set IRQ 11 * = Jumper 11  
Set IRQ 10  
Set IRQ 9  
= Jumper 12  
Close , Others Open  
Close , Others Open  
Close , Others Open  
Close , Others Open (Not  
= Jumper 10  
= Jumper 9  
recommended with Windows 3.x)  
(* means default setting)  
Jumper Block JP5 :  
This jumper block provides four functions eight jumper to set the  
PCM-3420 host adapter configuration , including SCSI ID , IRQ  
channel , DMA channel , and parity checking.  
JP5 Set PCM-3420 host adapter SCSI ID :  
ID  
SD0  
SD1  
SD2  
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7 *  
Close Close Close  
Open Close Close  
Close Open Close  
Open Open Close  
Close Close Open  
Open Close Open  
Close Open Open  
Open Open Open  
(* means default setting)  
JP5 Set PCM-3420 host adapter IRQ Channel :  
IRQ  
9
IC0  
IC1  
Close Close (JP4/IRQ 9 also set close)  
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10  
11 *  
12  
Open Close (JP4/IRQ10 also set close)  
Close Open (JP4/IRQ11 also set close)  
Open Open (JP4/IRQ12 also set close)  
(* means default setting)  
Jumper Block JP4 also needs to set to the same IRQ channel.  
JP5 Set PCM-3420 DMA Channel :  
This setting is valid only if DMA is enabled on JP6 (DT - data transfer  
mode). (Jumper Block JP3 must also be the same DMA channel)  
DMA DC1  
DC2  
0 *  
5
6
Close Close (JP3/DMA0 also set close)  
Open Close (JP3/DMA5 also set close)  
Close Open (JP3/DMA6 also set close)  
Open Open (JP3/DMA7 also set close)  
7
(* means default setting)  
JP5 Enable/Disable PCM-3420 Parity Checking :  
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Parity Checking SP  
Enabled *  
Disabled  
Close  
Open  
(* means default setting)  
Jumper Block JP6 :  
This jumper block provides six major PCM-3420 operation mode  
settings , including data transfer mode, booting, fast SCSI , ..... etc.  
Jumper  
DT  
Description  
Set data transfer mode  
DMA Enabled  
= Open  
PIO (Programmed I/O)* = Close  
BT  
Enable/Disable Boot from PCM-3420 BIOS  
Enable* = Open  
Disable = Close  
M0  
M1  
Reserved  
Enable/Disable Fast SCSI  
Fast SCSI On = Open  
Fast SCSI Off* = Close  
SN  
DN  
R0  
Enable/Disable Synchronous Negotiation  
Sync. Negotiation On* = Open  
Sync. Negotiation Off = Close  
Enable/Disable SCSI Target Disconnect  
Enable Disconnect* = Open  
Disable Disconnect = Close  
Reserved  
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R1  
Enable/Disable greater than 1 GB Translation  
> 1 Gbyte Translation On = Open  
> 1 Gbyte Translation Off* = Close  
(* means default setting)  
Jumper Block JP7 :  
If JP10 BIOS setting is enabled , you should use this jumper to assign  
a Port address.  
Port 340h * = 2-3 Close  
Port 140h = 1-2 Close  
(* means default setting)  
Notes : The PCM-3420 host adapter BIOS supports  
booting only for the default port address of 340h.  
Jumper Block JP8 & JP9 :  
If JP10 BIOS setting is enabled , you should use these jumper to  
assign a BIOS address.  
JP9  
JP8  
BIOS Address  
Open  
Open  
Close Open  
Close Close  
Open  
Close  
C8000h - CBFFFh  
CC000h - CFFFFh *  
D8000h - DBFFFh  
DC000h - DFFFFh  
(* means default setting)  
Jumper Block JP10 :  
This jumper is used to enable/disable host adapter BIOS . If the host  
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adapter BIOS is enable , you should assign a right BIOS address (JP8  
and JP9) and port address (JP7) at the same time.  
Host Adapter BIOS Disabled = Open  
Host Adapter BIOS Enabled* = Close  
(* means default setting)  
SCSI Hard Disk Drive Connector (CN1)  
The SCSI hard disk drives require a 50-pin flat cable. Wire number 1 on  
the cable is red or blue, and the others wires are gray.  
1.Connect one end of the cable to CN1. Make sure that the red (or  
blue) wire corresponds to pin 1 on the connector, which is labeled on  
the board .  
2.Plug the other end of the cable into the SCSI device, with pin 1 on  
the cable corresponds to pin 1 on the drive.  
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3
EZ-SCSI Quick  
Reference  
Use this chapter to learn about Adaptec  
EZ-SCSI 4.0 :  
l System Requirements  
l Installation procedures  
l Troubleshooting Information  
l DOS Device Drivers and Formatting  
Utilities  
To learn about Adaptec EZ-SCSI Win-  
dows application , see their online help.  
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System Requirements for Full Installa-  
tion  
l A 386-based PC or higher with at least 4Mbytes of memory , 10MBytes of  
free disk space , and a 3.5-inch floppy drive  
l An ASPI-compliant SCSI host adapter (like PCM-3420) and a CD-ROM  
drive  
l Microsoft Windows 95 , Windows NT version 3.51 or above , Windows  
3.1x, Windows for Workgroups 3.1x, or DOS 6.x or above.  
Quick Start Instructions  
First, install your PCM-3420 host adapter and other SCSI devices (see  
chapter 2) . Then follow the instruction for your operating system  
software in one of the following sections.  
We recommend that after you install EZ-SCSI you can SCSI Tutor to  
learn more about the features of SCSI.  
Windows 95 or Windows NT  
If you want to install Windows 95 or Windows NT on a new computer  
system , you may not be able to access your SCSI CD-ROM drive first  
. (Usually, you install Windows 95 or Windows NT from a CD-ROM  
disc.) To gain access to your CD-ROM device , follow the DOS Quick  
Start instruction section . Then reboot your computer and follow these  
instructions:  
1.Install Windows 95 or Windows NT version 3.51 or above, and start  
it running on your computer.  
2.Insert the EZ-SCSI Diskette in your floppy disk drive.  
3.Click the Start button and select Run.  
4.Type a:\setup if you are using the A drive or b:\setup if you are  
using the B drive. Then click OK.  
5.Following the instructions that appear on the screen.  
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Windows/Windows for Workgroups 3.1x  
1.Install Windows 3.1x or Windows for Workgroups 3.1x and start it  
running on your computer.  
2.Insert the EZ-SCSI Diskette in your floppy disk drive.  
3.Select File/Run from the Program Manager menu.  
4.When the Run dialog box appear, type a:\setup if you are using the  
A drive or b:\setup if you are using the B drive. Then click OK.  
5.Following the instructions that appear on the screen.  
DOS  
1.Install DOS 6.x or above ,and start it running on your computer.  
2.Insert the EZ-SCSI Diskette in your floppy disk drive.  
3.At the DOS prompt, type a:\dosinst if you are using the A drive or  
b:\dosinst if you are using the B drive. Then press Enter.  
4.Following the instructions that appear on the screen.  
Chapter 1 General Information  
21  
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Troubleshooting Tips  
SCSI Device Troubleshooting  
Review this checklist if your newly-installed SCSI disk drivers , CD-  
ROM drivers, and other devices do not seem to work properly.  
lBe sure that termination setting are set correctly for all devices on  
the SCSI bus, as described in chapter 2.  
lBe sure there are no hardware conflicts, such as devices in your  
computer trying to use the same interrupts(IRQs) or DMA channels.  
lBe sure the cables connecting SCSI devices and the PCM-3420 are  
attached securely. Also be sure the pin-1 orientation is correct for  
internal cables.  
lBe sure that each SCSI device connected to the PCM-3420 host  
adapter has a unique SCSI ID.  
lBe sure CD-ROM drivers and other SCSI devices are attached to a  
power source and turned ON.  
Windows 95/Windows NT Troubleshooting  
Q:What is a miniport driver, and how do I make sure that the miniport  
driver for my host adapter is installed correctly ?  
A:Miniport drivers are a new kind of 32-bit protect mode device driver  
used by Windows 95 and Windows NT to control host adapters  
and other kinds of devices. Windows 95 and Windows NT include a  
set of miniport drivers for various types of SCSI host adapters. The  
host adapter miniport driver is automatically installed and config-  
ured during Windows 95 and Windows NT installation if your host  
adapter is already installed.  
To make sure the driver is installed correctly in systems running  
Windows 95, open the control panel, double-click on system, and  
click the Device Manager Tab. Then double-click the SCSI Control-  
lers icon; you should see the model name of the SCSI host  
adapter(s) installed in your system. (Not PCM-3420 , but AHA-152x)  
Q:What if there is no SCSI controller icon under Device Manager, or  
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the model name of the host adapter does not appear under Device  
Manager?  
A:If the SCSI controllers icon or your host adapter's model name  
(AHA-152X, not PCM-3420) do not appear, open Control Panel and  
double-click the Add New Hardware icon. Let Windows search for  
the host adapter by selecting Yes on the second screen of the Add  
New Hardware Wizard.  
If Windows does not detect the host adapter, run the Add new  
Hardware Wizard again, select No on the second screen of the  
wizard, then select SCSI controllers on the next screen. Select the  
name of your host adapter when it appears (Select Adaptec AHA-  
152x).  
If the name of your SCSI host adapter does not appear, you may be  
able to find its miniport driver on the Windows 95 CD-ROM. Follow  
these steps:  
1. Place the Windows 95 CD-ROM in your CD-ROM driver and run  
the Add New Hardware wizard.  
2. Select No on the second screen, and select SCSI controllers on  
the next Screen.  
3. Click on the Have Disk button, then click the Browser Button.  
4. Look in the \drivers\storage directory of the CD-ROM and select  
the name of your SCSI host adapter (AHA-152x) if it appears.  
Q:What if a yellow exclamation point and red X appears in Device  
Manager in front of my host adapter?  
A:This means there is some kind of resource problem.  
First, see if the name of host adapters appear that are not actually  
installed in your computer. If so, select the name and click Remove.  
If a red X appears in front of your host adapter name, remove all the  
host adapter references under SCSI controllers and run Add New  
Hardware, as described in the previous question/answer. If a yellow  
exclamation point appears in front of your host adapter name, the  
resources that the driver use probably do not match the resources  
used by the hardware. Double-click the host adapter name, then  
click on the Resource tab. Deselect the Use automatic settings box  
and edit the resources (Interrupt Request, Direct Memory Access,  
etc.), so they match those used by the host adapter. If the problem  
still remains, there is probably a hardware resource conflict between  
Chapter 1 General Information  
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the host adapter and other hardware in your computer. You can fix  
this zby changing the hardware resource settings.  
Q:What do I need to do if I change or upgrade my host adapter ?  
A:  
1. Open the Control Panel, double-click on system, and click the  
Device Manager tab.  
2. Double-click the SCSI Controllers icon, select the name of the old  
host adapter, and click remove.  
3. Turn off the computer and physically remove the currently  
installed host adapter.  
4. Turn the computer On. If the host adapter supports Plug and  
Play, Windows will install and configure it automatically. Other-  
wise, run Add New Hardware to make sure the new driver is  
loaded.  
Q:If I am running under Windows 95, do I need lines for the Adaptec  
real mode ASPI drivers and mscdex in my config.sys and  
autoexec.bat files?  
A:Usually, you do not need to use these real mode ASPI drivers,  
because the new Windows miniport drivers support most SCSI host  
adapters and SCSI Devices. However, you need to load the drivers  
(including mscdex, if you have a CD-ROM drive) if any of the  
following is true :  
l You are running in MS-DOS mode.  
l You are using a scanner or another SCSI device with config.sys-  
based or autoexec.bat-based drivers, such as HP's sjiix.sys.  
l You have an older model SCSI CD-ROM drive that Windows 95  
does not support.  
l You are using a CD-Recorder drive (however, some newer models  
of CD-Recorder drivers can use the embedded Windows miniport  
drivers)  
To install the Adaptec EZ-SCSI DOS drivers, click the Start Button  
and select Restart the computer in MS-DOS mode. When the DOS  
prompt appears, follow the Quick Start instructions for DOS on  
previous section.  
Q:My CD-ROM driver doesn’t work properly under Windows 95 ?  
A:Some older models of SCSI CD-ROM drivers are not compatible with  
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the embedded Windows 95 CD-ROM driver. You can add support  
for the CD-ROM drive by doing the following :  
1. Click the start button and select restart the computer in MS-DOS  
mode.  
2. When the DOS prompt appears, follow the Quick Start instruc-  
tions for DOS on previous page.  
3. When you are finished running Adaptec EZ-SCSI for DOS, find  
the file named cdtsd.vxd in the Windows\system\iosubsys  
directory and rename it cdtsd.sav.  
Q:My CD-ROM drive shows up as more than one icon under my  
computer.  
A:The mapping between mscdex, which runs in real mode, and the  
Windows 95 CD-ROM drive does not match. You can correct this in  
one of two ways :  
l Comment out the line that loads mscdex.exe in the autoexec.bat  
file  
l Change the /L switch on the line that loads mscdex.exe in the  
autoexec.bat file so it assigns the CD-ROM drive the next highest  
logical drive letter after the hard disk drives.  
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Information for DOS/Windows 3.1x  
Users  
The following information may be useful if you install EZ-SCSI on a  
computer running DOS, Windows 3.1x, or Windows for Workgroups  
3.1x.  
DOS and Windows 3.1x Device Driver  
Devices drivers are software programs that enable your computer to  
communicate with SCSI devices such as hard disk drivers, CD-ROM  
drivers, and scanners. Each kind of device requires a different device  
driver. Adaptec EZ-SCSI includes several DOS/Windows 3.1x device  
drivers that are copied to your hard disk during installation. Adaptec  
EZ-SCSI adds command lines to your config.sys and autoexec.bat files  
to load these device drivers if it finds these kinds of devices on your  
computer system.  
To learn more about the EZ-SCSI device drivers, including their  
command line option information, see the Windows Help application.  
DOS and Windows 3.1x ASPI Managers  
ASPI (Advances SCSI Programming Interface) managers are software  
programs that enable the SCSI device drivers, your PCM-3420 host  
adapter, and your SCSI devices to communicate with each other. ASPI  
managers are written for a specific operating system, such as DOS, and  
a specific family of AIC’s chip host adapters.  
EZ-SCSI includes several ASPI managers for DOS/Windows 3.1x.  
When you install EZ-SCSI on these operating systems, it detects what  
kind of host adapter is installed in your system and automatically  
configures your system with the correct ASPI manager.  
DOS Formatting Utilities  
EZ-SCSI includes several DOS-based formatting utilities :  
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Low-level Formatter (scsifmt)  
Use the DOS-based scsifmt utility for low-level formatting of SCSI hard  
disk drives, removable media, Floptical drivers, and magneto-optical  
drivers. You can also use it to scan a disk device for surface defects  
before you store data on it.  
Run scsifmt from the DOS prompt, not from the Windows MS-DOS  
prompt. Before you run it, be sure the disk devices you want to format  
are connected to the PCM-3420 host adapter and they are powered.  
Then follow these step :  
1.Change to the directory where scsifmt.exe is located (usually c:\scsi)  
, type scsifmt at the DOS prompt, and press Enter.  
Notes : If you are formatting a SCSI disk device that supports more  
than one LUN (for example , Iomega's Bernoulidual multidrive) type  
scsifmt/L at the command line.  
2.When the first screen appears, read it and press Enter to continue.  
(Press F1 at any time to view Help.) Information about your SCSI  
disk devices appear on the screen.  
3.Use the arrow keys to move the highlight bar to a disk device you  
want to format or verify, then press Enter.  
4.When the next screen appears, select either Format or Verify (to  
verify that the disk is free of surface defects), then press Enter.  
Caution : Backup important data before you format the disk device !  
A low-level format erases all data from the disk.  
5.If you select Format, confirm that you want to format the disk, then  
wait while the disk device is formatted. This may take a long time if  
the disk is large.  
If you select Verify, you can press Esc at any time to stop the  
verification process. (This does not damage the disk.) If the utility  
finds bad blocks on the disk, it displays information about them. You  
can reassign the bad block(s) to prevent data from being stored  
there.  
6.Repeat steps 3, 4, and 5, as needed, to format or verify other disk  
devices. When are finished, press Esc to exit.  
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Formatter and Partitioner (afdisk)  
Use the DOS-based afdisk utility to partition and format SCSI hard disk  
drivers, Floptical drivers, and magneto-optical drivers. You can also  
use afdisk to remove DOS and non-DOS partitions from a disk drive  
and to format removable media in standard disk format, OS/2 floppy  
format, or DOS/V (Japanese) format.  
Note : Use afdisk only if the disk device is not controlled by the  
PCM-3420 host adapter BIOS - that is , if the PCM-3420’s BIOS is  
not enabled. If the disk device is controlled by the PCM-3420 host  
adapter BIOS, use the DOS fdisk utility to partition and format the  
disk device .(See the MS-DOS documentation)  
Run afdisk from the DOS prompt only, not from the Windows MS-DOS  
prompt. Before you run it, be sure the disk devices you want to format  
and partition are connected to the PCM-3420 host adapter and they are  
powered. Then follow these steps :  
1.Change to the directory where afdisk.exe is located (usually c:\scsi),  
type afdisk at the DOS prompt, and press Enter.  
Information about your SCSI disk devices appears on the screen.  
(The number that appears after Target is the device’s SCSI ID.)  
2.Use the arrow keys to move the highlight bar to disk device you  
want to partition, then press Enter.  
l If the selected disk device is controlled by the PCM-3420 host  
adapter BIOS, you can view information about it but you  
cannot partition it with afdisk (Use the DOS fdisk and format  
utilities).  
l If the selected disk device is unpartitioned, you must partition  
it before you can format it. To do this , follow the instruction  
on the screen. (Press F1 to see an explanation on the partition-  
ing options.)  
Information about the selected disk device appears in the lower left  
of the screen. Disk smaller than 1 Gigabyte have 64 heads, 32 sectors  
per track, and cylinders equal to the number of Mbytes of available  
capacity. Disks larger than 1 Gigabyte have 255heads, 63 sectors per  
track, and one cylinder per 8 M Bytes of available capacity.  
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3.To create a new partition on the disk devices, press Ins. A screen will  
appear. The Create a DOS Partition window suggests that you  
create one partition on the disk device , equal to its entire capacity. If  
this is what you want to do , skip to step 5.  
4.To change the size of partition, use the arrow keys to select Start  
Cylinder and End Cylinder, and type in the numbers you want.  
Partitions up to 2 Gigabytes are supported.  
5.When the number of cylinder is what you want, press ESC. When  
the confirmation prompt appears, select Yes and press Enter to  
create the partition.  
To create more partitions on the same disk device, repeat step 3, 4,  
and 5. As you create partitions on the disk, they are added to the  
window at the upper right of screen.  
6.Press Esc to return to the Select SCSI Device to Partition windows. If  
you want to partition a different disk device, select the device from  
the list and repeat the earlier steps.  
7.To quit afdisk, press Esc and select Yes to confirm that you want to  
quit.  
Removable Media Manager (rmvtool)  
Your copy of EZ-SCSI may include the DOS-based rmvtool utility. If  
you have this utility, you can use it to lock, unlock, and reject remov-  
able media - for example, a cartridge in a SyQuest removable cartridge  
drive. You run rmvtool by entering command at the DOS prompt. Here  
are the commands for a removable drive installed at SCSI ID 5:  
l To lock the disk media : rmvtool /lock /ID=5  
l To unlock the disk media : rmvtool /unlock /ID=5  
l To eject the disk media : rmvtool /eject /ID=5  
Note : Some devices do not support the Eject command.  
If the device is at another SCSI ID, type that number instead of 5. If  
you are not sure which devices at which ID, type rmvtool /? At the  
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DOS prompt and press Enter. A list of SCSI devices appears. (Device  
that support removable media are marked.)  
If your computer has two or more host adapter, you need to add  
another number to the command. For example, if you have two PCM-  
3420 host adapters, one of them is host adapter 0 and the other is host  
adapter 1. (This information appears when you type the rmvtool /?  
Command) So if the removable disk driver is at SCSI ID 3 on host  
adapter 1, you would enter this command to lock the disk media :  
rmvtool /lock /ID=1:3  
You can issue rmvtool command for two or more devices, and you can  
ass the commands to the autoexec.bat file, rmvtool locks the media in  
the two devices when the computer boots. This prevents the disk  
media from being removed until another command is issued to unlock  
it.  
Rmvtool /lock /ID=4 /ID=5  
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A
Installing PC/104  
Modules  
This appendix gives instructions for  
installing PC/104 Modules.  
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Installing PC/104 modules  
The CPU card's PC/104 connectors give you the flexibility to attach  
PC/104 expansion modules. These modules perform the functions of  
traditional plug-in expansion cards, but save space and valuable slots.  
Modules include:  
PCM-3335  
PCM-3600  
PCM-3420  
PCM-3200  
PCM-3810  
PCM-3820  
PCM-3115  
PCM-3610  
PCM-3660  
PCM-3718  
PCM-3724  
PCM-3910  
386 CPU Module w/ Flat Panel/CRT Interface  
FAX/Modem Module  
Fast SCSI-2 Module  
Sound Module  
Solid State Disk Module  
High Density Flash Disk Module  
PCMCIA Module (two slots)  
Isolated RS-232 and RS-422/485 Module  
Ethernet Module  
30 KHz A/D Module  
48-Channel DIO Module  
Breadboard Module  
Installing these modules on the CPU card is quick and simple. The  
following steps show how to mount the PC/104 modules:  
1. Remove the CPU card from your system paying particular attention  
to the safety instructions already mentioned.  
2. Make any jumper or link changes required to the CPU card now.  
Once the PC/104 module is mounted you may have difficulty in  
accessing these.  
3. Normal PC/104 modules have male connectors and mount directly  
onto the main card. However, to ensure better bus matching, the  
connectors on the CPU card and the PC/104 module are both  
female. For this reason, you may need to use the "male-male"  
adapter included with the CPU card in order to properly connect  
your PC/104 module. (Refer to the diagram on the following page.)  
4. Mount the PC/104 module onto the CPU card by pressing the  
module firmly but carefully onto the mounting connectors.  
5. Secure the PC/104 module onto the CPU card using the four  
mounting spacers and srews.  
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PC/104  
Mounting Support  
Female  
Male  
PC/104 Module  
CPU Card  
PC/104 Module Mounting Diagram  
3.500  
3.250  
3.775  
3.575  
3.575  
0.200  
0
0.200  
0.200  
3.350  
3.550  
0
PC/104 module dimensions (inches ±5 %)  
Appendix A Installing PC/104 Modules  
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B
Pin Assignments  
This appendix contains information of a  
detailed or specialized nature. It includes :  
l PC/104 Connector  
l Internal SCSI-2 Connector  
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PC/104 Connectors (J1 , J2)  
PCM-3420 PC/104 Connectors (J1 , J2)  
Pin  
Signal  
Signal  
Number  
0
Row-A  
Row-B  
Row-A  
0V  
Row-B  
0V  
1
IOCHCHK 0V  
SBHE  
MEMCS16  
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
SD7  
RESETDRV LA23  
IOCS16  
IRQ10  
IRQ11  
IRQ12  
IRQ15  
IRQ14  
DACK0  
DRQ0  
DACK5  
DRQ5  
DACK6  
DRQ6  
DACK7  
DRQ6  
85V  
MASTER  
0V  
0V  
SD6  
SD5  
SD4  
SD3  
SD2  
SD1  
SD0  
IOCHRDY  
AEN  
SA19  
SA18  
SA17  
SA16  
SA15  
SA14  
SA13  
SA12  
SA11  
SA10  
SA9  
+5V  
IRQ9  
-5V  
DRQ2  
-12V  
ENDXFR  
+12V  
(KEY)  
SMEMW  
SMEMR  
IOW  
LA22  
LA21  
LA20  
LA19  
LA18  
LA17  
MEMR  
MEMW  
SD8  
10  
11  
12  
13  
14  
15  
16  
17  
18  
19  
20  
21  
22  
23  
24  
25  
26  
27  
28  
29  
30  
31  
32  
SD9  
SD10  
SD11  
SD12  
SD13  
SD14  
SD15  
IOR  
DACK3  
DRQ3  
DACK1  
DRQ1  
REFRESH (KEY)  
SYSCLK  
IRQ7  
IRQ6  
IRQ5  
IRQ4  
IRQ3  
DACK2  
TC  
BALE  
+5V  
OSC  
0V  
SA8  
SA7  
SA6  
SA5  
SA4  
SA3  
SA2  
SA1  
SA0  
0V  
0V  
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Internal SCSI-2 Connector (CN 1)  
PCM-3420 Internal SCSI-2 Connector (CN1)  
Pin  
Signal  
Pin  
Signal  
1
GND  
2
-D0  
3
GND  
GND  
GND  
GND  
GND  
GND  
GND  
GND  
GND  
GND  
GND  
N/C  
4
-D1  
5
6
-D2  
7
8
-D3  
9
10  
12  
14  
16  
18  
20  
22  
24  
26  
28  
30  
32  
34  
36  
38  
40  
42  
44  
46  
48  
50  
-D4  
11  
13  
15  
17  
19  
21  
23  
25  
27  
29  
31  
33  
35  
37  
39  
41  
43  
45  
47  
49  
-D5  
-D6  
-D7  
-DPAR  
GND  
GND  
GND  
TERM POWER  
GND  
GND  
-ATN  
GND  
-BSY  
-ACK  
-RST  
-MSG  
-SEL  
-C/D  
GND  
GND  
GND  
GND  
GND  
GND  
GND  
GND  
GND  
GND  
GND  
GND  
-REQ  
-I/O  
Appendix B Pin Assignments  
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C
Glossary of Technical  
Terms  
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A
Adaptec EZ-SCSI  
A user-friendly software program that automatically installs SCSI  
devices such as fixed disks and CD-ROM drives on a PC.  
Adaptec EZ-SCSI copies the required software programs to the  
PC’s fixed disk and edits the configuration files so the host  
adapter can access the devices.  
Active Termination  
An active terminator actually has one or more voltage regulators  
to produce the termination voltage, rather than using resistor  
voltage dividers.  
This is a passive terminator:  
/\/\/\/  
/\/\/\/  
GND  
SCSI signal  
Notice that the termination voltage is varies with the voltage on  
the TERMPWR line. One voltage divider (two resistors) is used  
for each SCSI signal.  
An active terminator looks more like this (supply filter caps  
omitted):  
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TERMPWR  
In Out  
GND  
/\/\/\/ SCSI signal  
\/\/\/  
\/\/\/  
SCSI signal  
SCSI signal  
GND  
etc.  
Assuming that the TERMPWR voltage doesn’t drop below the desired  
termination voltage (plus the regulator’s minimum drop), the SCSI  
signals will always be terminated to the correct voltage level.  
AHA  
An acronym for Adaptec Host Adapter.  
AIC  
An acronym for Adaptec Integrated Circuit  
AIC-6360  
Second generation Adaptec single chip non-bus mastering ISA to  
SCSI host adapter (compatible with the first version, the AIC-6260).  
This chip is found on some Adaptec host adapters, such as the AVA-  
1505, AVA-1515, AHA-1520A, AHA-1522A, and the AMM-1570.  
Adaptec also licenses the chip to motherboard vendors and other I/O  
card manufacturers.  
(Like PCM-3420)  
Appendix C Glossary of Terms 41  
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ASPI  
ASW  
Advanced SCSI programming Interface. A standard SCSI soft-  
ware interface that acts as a liaison between host adapters and  
SCSI device drivers. ASPI enables host adapters and device  
drivers to share a single SCSI hardware interface.  
An acronym for Adaptec Software.  
ASYNCHRONOUSDATATRANSFER  
A method of SCSI data transfer. This is the type of transfer rate  
originally introduced with SCSI 1. With this type of transfer  
method, transfer rates of 2 MBytes/sec are common. See also  
SYNCHRONOUSTRANSFER.  
Is SYNCHRONOUS faster than ASYNCHRONOUS?  
Asynchronous is faster on short cables, while synchronous is  
faster on long cables. The reason has to do with the propagation  
delay of the cable; the turn around time of the silicon; and the  
interlocked nature of the asynchronous handshake.  
1) We have measured propagation delays from various cables  
and found an average of 1.7 nanoseconds per foot, which is  
roughly 5.25 ns per meter.  
2) The turn-around time is the amount of time the SCSI chip takes  
to change an output in response to an input. If REQ is an input  
then ACK is an output. Or if ACK is an input then REQ is an  
output.  
3) The asynchronous transfer uses an interlocked handshake  
where a device cannot do the next thing until it receives positive  
acknowledgment that the other device received the last thing.  
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B
BIOS  
An acronym for Basic Input/Output System. This is usually an  
EPROM with computer program instructions in it. A motherboard  
BIOS (usually by companies such as Phoenix, Award, and AMI)  
controls the basic functions of the computer (such as controlling  
the keyboard, monitor, etc.).  
With a SCSI host adapter, the BIOS is used to control SCSI hard  
disk drives and perform the boot function (PCM-3420 including  
the BIOS). If a host adapter does not have a BIOS, then hard disk  
drives controlled by that host adapter cannot be used to boot  
from (booting must be done from another source, such as floppy,  
IDE, or another SCSI host adapter with a BIOS). The BIOS must  
be enabled in order to function (e.g. a host adapter with a BIOS  
that is disabled acts the same as a host adapter without a BIOS).  
The BIOS can also contain useful software utilities, such as  
Adaptec’s SCSISelect utility, which can be used to change the  
host adapter settings, format disks, and run simple SCSI diagnos-  
tics.  
BOOTING  
Booting is a process by which a computer starts and automatical-  
ly loads the operating system.  
BUS  
A pathway for data in a computer system. All PCs have an  
expansion bus, which is designed to host add-on (expansion)  
devices, such as modems, adapter boards and video adapters.  
Expansion devices use the bus to send data to and receive data  
from the PC’s CPU or memory. ISA,PC/104, EISA and Micro  
Channel are the major bus standards used in PC's’s.  
Appendix C Glossary of Terms 43  
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C
D
DEVICEDRIVER  
A software program that enables a PC to communicate with  
peripheral devices such as fixed disk drives and CD-ROM drives.  
Each kind of device requires a different driver. Device driver  
programs are stored on a PC’s fixed disk and are loaded into  
memory at boot time.  
DIFFERENTIAL  
A term referring to the electrical characteristics of the signals  
used on the SCSI bus interface. Differential signals occupy two  
conductors with a positive (+) and negative (-) polarity compo-  
nent of the signal. This minimizes the effect of common mode  
signal noise and allow the SCSI bus to operate reliably over  
greater distances at a higher speed.  
DMA (DIRECT MEMORY ACCESS)  
A mechanism that allows hardware control of the transfer of  
streams of data to or from the main memory of a computing  
system. The mechanism may require setup by the host software.  
After initialization, it automatically sequences the required data  
transfer and provides the necessary address information.  
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DOSPARTITION  
A section of a disk storage device, created by the DOS FDISK  
program, in which data and/or software programs are stored.  
Computers have a primary DOS partition that contains the special  
files needed to boot the computer. A computer’s disk devices may  
also have extended DOS partitions. Each DOS partition is  
assigned a unique drive letter, such as C or D. A single disk  
device can have multiple partitions. After you have installed EZ-  
SCSI you can use the AFDISK utility program to partition disk  
devices.  
DOUBLEWORDPIOTRANSFERS  
This is a type of data transfer done by 386 and newer micropro-  
cessors. With the Adaptec AIC-6360 based host adapters (AHA-  
1510A/1520A/1522A and PCM-3420), this can result in up to a  
20% increase in performance over the AIC-6260 based host  
adapters.  
E
EMBEDDED  
With reference to operating system application and utility  
software, does not require additional diskettes.  
EZ-SCSI  
Adaptec software package for quick and easy installation. Also  
contains useful software utilities.  
Appendix C Glossary of Terms 45  
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F
FAST SCSI  
Provides for performance and compatibility enhancements to  
SCSI-1 by increasing the maximum synchronous data transfer rate  
on the SCSI bus from 5 MBytes/sec to 10 MBytes/sec.  
There are 2 handshaking modes on the SCSI bus, used for  
transferring data: ASYNCHRONOUS and SYNCHRONOUS.  
ASYNCHRONOUS is a classic Req/Ack handshake. SYNCHRO-  
NOUS is “sort of” Req/Ack, only it allows you to issue multiple  
Req’s before receiving Ack’s. What this means in practice is that  
SYNCHRONOUS transfers are approx 3 times faster than ASYN-  
CHRONOUS.  
SCSI-1 allowed asynchronous transfers at up to 1.5 Mbytes/Sec  
and synchronous transfers at up to 5.0 Mbytes/Sec.  
SCSI-2 had some of the timing margins “shaved” in order that  
faster handshaking could occur. The result is that asynchronous  
transfers can run at up to 3.0 bytes/Sec and  
synchronous transfers at up to 10.0 Mbytes/Sec. The term  
“FAST” is generally applied to a SCSI device which can do  
synchronous transfers at speeds in excess of 5.0 Mbytes/Sec.  
This term can only be applied to SCSI-2 devices since SCSI-1  
didn’t have the timing margins that allow for FAST transfers. A 10  
MHz transfer rate for SCSI came out of a joint effort with the IPI  
(Intelligent Peripheral Interface) committee in ASC X3T9.3. Fast  
SCSI achieves 10 Megabytes/second on the A-Cable and with  
wider data paths of 16- and 32-bits can rise to 20 Megabytes/  
second and even 40 Megabytes/second. However, by the time the  
market starts demanding 40 Megabytes/second it is likely that the  
effort to serialize the physical interface for SCSI-3 will attract high-  
performance SCSI users to the Fiber Channel.  
A word of caution. At this time the fast parameters cannot be met  
by the Single Ended electrical class, and is only suitable for  
Differential. One of the goals in SCSI-3 is to identify the improve-  
ments needed to achieve 10 MHz operation with Single Ended  
components.  
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FULL SCSI  
A SCSI solution that includes BIOS and support software to  
provide boot capability for hard disk drives, support for drives  
larger than 1 B, and full compatibility with removable media  
products (hard drives, optical drives, tape drives, and Floptical  
drives).  
G
H
HOST  
A microcomputer in which a host adapter is installed. The host  
uses software to request the services of the host adapter in  
transferring information to and from peripheral devices attached  
to the SCSI bus connector of the host adapter.  
HOSTADAPTER  
A printed circuit board that installs in a standard microcomputer  
and provides a SCSI bus connection so that SCSI devices can be  
connected to the microcomputer.  
Appendix C Glossary of Terms 47  
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I
I/O  
Refers to an operations, program, or device whose purpose is to  
enter data into or to extract data from a computer.  
IRQ  
ISA  
Interrupt Request Channel. The IRQ of a host adapter can be  
changed to several different settings by changing jumpers and/or  
switch settings on the adapter board.  
Industry Standard Architecture expansion bus. A type of  
computer bus used in most PC’s. ISA enables expansion devices  
like network cards, video adapters and modems to send data to  
and receive data from the PC’s CPU and memory 16 bits at a time.  
Expansion devices are plugged into sockets in the PC’s mother-  
board. ISA is sometimes called the AT Bus, because it was  
originally introduced with the IBM PC-AT in 1983. (PC/104  
follows this standard.)  
J
K
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L
M
N
Narrow SCSI device (as opposed to Wide SCSI device)  
This is the term attributed to today’s 8 bit standard SCSI devices.  
This term is necessary to distinguish today’s 8-bit SCSI devices  
to 16-bit Wide SCSI devices.  
O
P
PIO (Programmed Input/Output)  
A method of data transfer in which the host microprocessor  
transfers data to and from memory via the computer’s I/O ports.  
PIO enables very fast data transfer rates, especially in single-  
tasking operating systems like DOS.  
Appendix C Glossary of Terms 49  
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PORTI/OADDRESS  
A window through which software programs communicate  
commands to an installed host adapter board. The commands are  
communicated 8 bits at a time.  
PROGRAMMEDINPUT/OUTPUT  
A method of data transfer in which the host microprocessor  
transfers data to and from memory via the computer’s I/O ports.  
PIO enables very fast data transfer rates, especially in single-  
tasking operating systems like DOS. The Adaptec AHA-1510 and  
AHA-1520 host adapters and the AIC-6260 SCSI protocol  
controller use this data transfer method.  
Q
R
REMOVABILITY  
A feature where the media in a removable media disk drive can be  
removed, then replaced with the same or different media without  
causing problems to the operating system. If removability was not  
supported, media in a removable media drive could not be  
removed without potential loss for data unless the computer was  
turned off.  
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S
SCSI (Small Computer Systems Interface)  
A PC bus interface standard that defines standard physical and  
electrical connections for devices. SCSI provides a standard  
interface that enables many different kinds of devices, such as  
disk drives, magneto optical disks, CD-ROM drives, and tape  
drives to interface with the host computer.  
SCSIDEVICE  
A device such as a host adapter board, fixed disk drive or CD-  
ROM drive that conforms to the SCSI interface standard and is  
attached to a SCSI bus cable. The device may be an initiator, a  
target, or capable of both types of operation.  
Single-ended SCSI (normal SCSI)  
For each signal that needs to be sent across the bus, there exists  
a wire to carry it.  
SYNCHRONOUSTRANSFER  
A method of SCSI data transfer. With this type of data transfer,  
the SCSI host adapter and the SCSI device agree to a transfer rate  
that both support (this is known as synchronous negotiation).  
With this type of data transfer method, transfer rates of 5  
MBytes/sec or 10 MBytes/sec (for FAST SCSI) are common.  
Is SYNCHRONOUS faster than ASYNCHRONOUS?  
Asynchronous is faster on short cables, while synchronous is  
faster on long cables. The reason has to do with the propagation  
delay of the cable; the turn around time of the silicon; and the  
interlocked nature of the asynchronous handshake.  
Appendix C Glossary of Terms 51  
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1) We have measured propagation delays from various cables  
and found an average of 1.7 nanoseconds per foot, which is  
roughly 5.25 ns per meter.  
2) The turn-around time is the amount of time the SCSI chip takes  
to change an output in response to an input. If REQ is an input  
then ACK is an output. Or if ACK is an input then REQ is an  
output.  
3) The asynchronous transfer uses an interlocked handshake  
where a device cannot do the next thing until it receives positive  
acknowledgment that the other device received the last thing.  
T
TAGGEDQUEUING  
A SCSI-2 feature that increases performance on SCSI disk drives.  
With tagged queuing, the host adapter, the host adapter driver,  
and the hard disk drive work together to increase performance by  
reordering the requests from the host adapter to minimize head  
switching and seeking. For example, the host adapter may ask for  
the following data in the following order; LBA 0, 1, 101, 102, 5, 6  
(LBA = logical block address, or a byte of data)  
Without tagged queuing:  
If tagged queuing was not enabled, the drive would seek to LBA  
0, transfer bytes 0, then 1, then seek to 101, transfer 101 and 102,  
then seek back to lba 5, transfer 5, then 6. ===>involves 3  
seeks (initial seek to 5, seek to 101, then seek back to 5)  
With tagged queuing:  
If tagged queuing was enabled, the drive would seek to LBA 0,  
transfer bytes 0, then 1, 5 and 6, then seek to 101, transferring 101  
and 102. At this point all the data would be transferred.  
===>involves 2 seeks (initial seek to 5, then the seek to 101)  
Seeking on a disk drive takes a relatively long time, so having  
seeks and head switches really speeds up performance.  
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TERMINATION  
A physical requirement of the SCSI bus. The first and last devices  
on the SCSI bus must have terminating resistors installed, and the  
devices in the middle of the bus must have terminating resistors  
removed. The Single Ended electrical class depends on very tight  
termination tolerances, but the passive 132 ohm termination  
defined in 1986 is mismatched with the cable impedance (typically  
below 100 ohms). Although not a problem at low speeds when  
only a few devices are connected, reflections can cause errors  
when transfer rates increase and/or more devices are added. In  
SCSI-2, an active terminator has been defined which lowers  
termination to 110 ohms and is a major boost to system integrity.  
U
UltraSCSI  
A method that enables very fast data transfer rate on the SCSI  
bus. The maximum UltraSCSI data transfer rates are 20 MBytes/  
second (40 MBytes/second for Wide SCSI host adapters).  
V
W
Wide SCSI  
Provides for performance and compatibility enhancements to  
SCSI-1 by adding a 16- or 32- bit data path. Combined with Fast  
Appendix C Glossary of Terms 53  
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SCSI, this can result of SCSI bus data transfer rates of 20 MBytes/  
sec (with a 16-bit bus) or 40 MBytes/sec (with a 32-bit bus).  
SCSI may now transfer data at bus widths of 16 and 32 bits.  
Commands, status, messages and arbitration are still 8 bits, and  
the B-Cable has 68 pins for data bits. Cabling was a confusing  
issue in the closing days of SCSI-2, because the first project of  
SCSI-3 was the definition of a 16-bit wide P-Cable which support-  
ed 16-bit arbitration as well as 16-bit data transfers. Although  
SCSI-2 does not contain a definition of the P-Cable, it is quite  
possible that within the year, the P-Cable will be most popular  
non-SCSI-2 feature on SCSI-2 products. The market responds to  
what it wants, not the arbitrary cutoffs of standards committees.  
X
Y
Z
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