Express XL and Express XLT
ISDN Router/Bridge
USER MANUAL
Express XL, Data Only
Express XLT with POTS Option
1200070L1
1200070L2
61200.070L1-1B
February 1998
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FCC regulations require that the following information be provided in this manual:
1. If this equipment causes harm to the telephone network, the telephone company
may temporarily discontinue service. If possible, advance notification is given; oth-
erwise, notification is given as soon as possible. The telephone company will advise
the customer of the right to file a complaint with the FCC.
2. The telephone company may make changes in its facilities, equipment, operations,
or procedures that could affect the proper operation of this equipment; advance no-
tification and the opportunity to maintain uninterrupted service are given.
3. If experiencing difficulty with this equipment, please contact ADTRAN (see inside
back cover) for repair and warranty information. The telephone company may re-
quire this equipment to be disconnected from the network until the problem is cor-
rected, or it is certain the equipment is not malfunctioning.
4. This unit contains no user serviceable parts.
To ADTRAN service personnel: For continued protection against risk of fire,
replace F1 with the same type and rating of fuse only: .2A, 250 V.
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE STATEMENT
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B dig-
ital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide
reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential environment. This
equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed
and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio
or TV reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on. The
user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following
measures:
•
•
•
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to
which the receiver is connected.
•
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
Changes or modifications to this unit not expressly approved by ADTRAN will void
the user's authority to operate the equipment.
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CANADIAN EMISSIONS REQUIREMENTS
This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise emissions from
digital apparatus as set out in the interference-causing equipment standard entitled
"Digital Apparatus," ICES-003 of the Department of Communications.
Cet appareil nuerique respecte les limites de bruits radioelectriques applicables aux
appareils numeriques de Class B prescrites dans la norme sur le materiel brouilleur:
"Appareils Numeriques," NMB-003 edictee par le ministre des Communications.
CANADIAN EQUIPMENT LIMITATIONS
Notice: The Canadian Industry and Science Canada label identifies certified equip-
ment. This certification means that the equipment meets certain telecommunications
network protective, operational, and safety requirements. The Department does not
guarantee the equipment will operate to the user’s satisfaction.
Before installing this equipment, ensure that it is permissible to be connected to the fa-
cilities of the local telecommunications company. The equipment must also be in-
stalled using an acceptable method of connection. In some cases, the company’s inside
wiring associated with a single-line individual service may be extended by means of a
certified connector assembly (telephone extension cord). Compliance with the above
conditions may not prevent degradation of service in some situations.
Repairs to certified equipment should be made by an authorized Canadian mainte-
nance facility designated by the supplier. Any repairs or alterations made by the user
to this equipment, or equipment malfunctions, may give the telecommunications com-
pany cause to request the user to disconnect the equipment.
Users should ensure for their own protection that the electrical ground connections of
the power utility, telephone lines, and internal metallic water pipe system, if present,
are connected together. This precaution may be particularly important in rural areas.
Users should not attempt to make such connections themselves, but should contact the
appropriate electric inspection authority, or an electrician, as appropriate.
The Load Number (LN) assigned to each terminal device denotes the percentage of the
total load to be connected to a telephone loop which is used by the device, to prevent
overloading. The termination on a loop may consist of any combination of devices
subject only to the requirement that the total of the Load Numbers of all devices does
not exceed 100.
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Table of Contents
Quick Startup Guide ........................................................................................................ 1
Setting up the ISDN Line .................................................................................................. 1
Connecting to an Internet Service Provider ................................................................... 2
Multiprotocol Routing Between Two LANs .................................................................. 3
Chapter 1. Understanding ISDN and the Express XL/XLT ....................................... 7
ISDN Overview .................................................................................................................. 7
THE EXPRESS XL/XLT..................................................................................................... 7
Applications ................................................................................................................. 8
Single User to Corporate LAN........................................................................... 8
Single User IP to Internet Service Provider (ISP) using
Network Address Translation (NAT)............................................................... 9
Multiple Users to Internet Service Provider (ISP) using NAT...................... 10
Small Office - Home Office (SOHO) to Corporate LAN................................ 11
Demand Routing and Bridging with the Express XL/XLT................................... 12
Factory Default..................................................................................................... 12
Bridging................................................................................................................. 13
IP Routing ............................................................................................................. 14
IPX Routing........................................................................................................... 15
Connection List - Simplifying and Enhancing the Dial Function................. 15
Concurrent Routing And Bridging ........................................................................... 15
Routing over PPP Bridging........................................................................................ 15
Network Address Translation Mode........................................................................ 16
Front Panel.................................................................................................................... 16
LAN Indicators..................................................................................................... 16
WAN Indicators ................................................................................................... 17
Test Indicators ...................................................................................................... 17
Pushbutton Tests.................................................................................................. 17
ISDN Connection......................................................................................................... 18
Ordering ISDN............................................................................................................. 19
Interoperability ............................................................................................................ 19
Connecting to the Internet.......................................................................................... 19
Configuration............................................................................................................... 20
Security.......................................................................................................................... 20
Chapter 2. Installation...................................................................................................... 21
ISDN Network Connection............................................................................................... 21
Local Area Network Connection ..................................................................................... 21
Telephone Connection (XLT Only).................................................................................. 22
Basic Telephone Service.............................................................................................. 22
Supplementary Services ............................................................................................. 22
DTMF Keypad.............................................................................................................. 22
Customer Premises Wiring ........................................................................................ 23
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Table of Contents
Chapter 3. Terminal Menu Operation and Structure................................................. 27
Terminal Menu Structure.................................................................................................. 27
Configuration ............................................................................................................... 27
Dial................................................................................................................................. 27
Status ............................................................................................................................. 29
Test................................................................................................................................. 29
Logs................................................................................................................................ 29
Utilities .......................................................................................................................... 29
Navigating the Terminal Menus ...................................................................................... 30
General Layout............................................................................................................. 30
Menu Path..................................................................................................................... 30
Moving Around ........................................................................................................... 30
Submenus [+] or [DATA]............................................................................. 30
Activation Field <+> ..................................................................................... 30
Editable Data Field........................................................................................ 30
Read-Only Field............................................................................................. 30
Navigation with the Keyboard.................................................................... 31
Security Levels ............................................................................................................. 33
Configuration Menu .......................................................................................................... 34
Configuration/System Info........................................................................................ 34
System Name........................................................................................................ 34
System Location ................................................................................................... 34
System Contact..................................................................................................... 35
Firmware Revision............................................................................................... 35
System Uptime ..................................................................................................... 35
Date/Time............................................................................................................. 35
Configuration/WAN .................................................................................................. 36
WAN/ISDN.......................................................................................................... 36
ISDN/Dial Line ............................................................................................. 36
Dial Line/ExpertISDN .......................................................................... 36
Dial Line/Switch Protocol ..................................................................... 37
Dial Line/Area Code ............................................................................. 37
Dial Line/SPID 1..................................................................................... 37
Dial Line/LDN 1 or 2 ............................................................................. 38
ISDN/Leased Line ........................................................................................ 38
Leased Line/Clock Mode ..................................................................... 38
Leased Line/Channel Rate .................................................................... 38
ISDN/NEBEs ................................................................................................. 38
ISDN/FEBEs .................................................................................................. 39
WAN/POTS.......................................................................................................... 39
POTS/POTS Assignment............................................................................. 39
POTS/NI-1 Conference FI............................................................................ 39
POTS/NI-1 Transfer FI................................................................................. 39
POTS/Speech Calltype Routing.................................................................. 39
Configuration/IP......................................................................................................... 40
IP/IP Address....................................................................................................... 40
IP/Subnet Mask ................................................................................................... 40
IP/Default Gateway ............................................................................................ 41
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Table of Contents
IP/Static Routes ................................................................................................... 41
Static Routes/Active..................................................................................... 41
Static Routes/IP Address............................................................................. 41
Static Routes/Subnet Mask.......................................................................... 41
Static Routes/Gateway................................................................................. 41
Static Routes/Hops....................................................................................... 41
Static Routes/Private.................................................................................... 42
IP/IP Router ......................................................................................................... 42
IP Router/Mode ............................................................................................ 42
IP/RIP ............................................................................................................. 42
RIP/Mode ............................................................................................... 42
RIP/Protocol ........................................................................................... 42
RIP/Method............................................................................................. 43
RIP/Direction.......................................................................................... 43
RIP/V2 Secret ......................................................................................... 43
IP/NAT ................................................................................................................. 43
NAT/DHCP Mode ....................................................................................... 43
NAT/DHCP Renewal Time ........................................................................ 44
NAT/Web Server.......................................................................................... 44
IP/DNS.................................................................................................................. 44
DNS/Domain Name..................................................................................... 44
DNS/Server 1 ................................................................................................ 44
DNS/Server 2 ................................................................................................ 44
IP/UDP Relay....................................................................................................... 45
UDP Relay/Mode ......................................................................................... 45
UDP Relay/UDP Relay List......................................................................... 45
UDP Relay List/Relay Address............................................................ 45
UDP Relay List/UDP Port Type .......................................................... 45
UDP Relay List/UDP Port 1, UDP Port 2, UDP Port 3 .................... 45
IP/Proxy ARP ...................................................................................................... 46
Configuration/IPX ...................................................................................................... 47
IPX/Mode ............................................................................................................. 47
IPX/Network........................................................................................................ 47
IPX/Frame Type .................................................................................................. 48
IPX/Seed Status ................................................................................................... 48
IPX/RIP Timer ..................................................................................................... 48
IPX/SAP Timer .................................................................................................... 49
Configuration/Bridge................................................................................................. 50
Bridge/Mode........................................................................................................ 50
Bridge/WAN IP Bridge ...................................................................................... 50
WAN IP Bridge/Network ........................................................................... 51
WAN IP Bridge/Netmask ........................................................................... 51
WAN IP Bridge/Triggered.......................................................................... 51
WAN IP Bridge/Proxy ARP........................................................................ 51
Bridge/WAN IPX Bridge ................................................................................... 51
WAN IPX Bridge/Network......................................................................... 52
WAN IPX Bridge/Frame Type ................................................................... 52
WAN IPX Bridge/Seed Status .................................................................... 52
WAN IPX Bridge/Triggered ....................................................................... 52
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Table of Contents
Bridge/Spanning Tree......................................................................................... 52
Spanning Tree/Mode ................................................................................... 52
Spanning Tree/Priority ................................................................................ 53
Spanning Tree/Maximum Age................................................................... 53
Spanning Tree/Hello Time.......................................................................... 53
Spanning Tree/Forward Delay................................................................... 53
Spanning Tree/LAN Port ............................................................................ 53
LAN Port/Active ................................................................................... 53
LAN Port/Path Cost............................................................................... 54
LAN Port/Priority ................................................................................. 54
Spanning Tree/WAN Port 0........................................................................ 54
WAN Port 0/Active................................................................................ 54
WAN Port 0/Path Cost ......................................................................... 54
WAN Port 0/Priority ............................................................................. 54
Spanning Tree/WAN Port 1........................................................................ 54
WAN Port 1/Active................................................................................ 55
WAN Port 1/Path Cost .......................................................................... 55
WAN Port 1/Priority.............................................................................. 55
Bridge/Address Table......................................................................................... 55
Address Table/Aging................................................................................... 55
Address Table/Forward Policy................................................................... 55
Configuration/Security .............................................................................................. 56
Security/Authentication..................................................................................... 56
Security/When..................................................................................................... 57
Security/Radius Server....................................................................................... 57
Radius Server/Primary Server.................................................................... 57
Radius Server/Secondary Server................................................................ 57
Radius Server/UDP Port.............................................................................. 57
Radius Server/Secret .................................................................................... 57
Radius Server/Retry Count......................................................................... 58
Security/PPP ........................................................................................................ 58
Security/Filter Defines........................................................................................ 59
Filter Defines /MAC Filter Defines ............................................................ 59
Filter Defines /Pattern Filter Defines......................................................... 60
Filter Defines /IP Filter Defines .................................................................. 60
Filter Defines /IPX Filter Defines................................................................ 61
Configuration/Connection List................................................................................. 63
Connection List/Description.............................................................................. 64
Connection List/Active....................................................................................... 64
Connection List/Authentication........................................................................ 64
Authentication/Tx Method ......................................................................... 65
Authentication/Tx Username ..................................................................... 66
Authentication/Tx Password...................................................................... 66
Authentication/Rx Username..................................................................... 66
Authentication/Rx Password...................................................................... 66
Authentication/Caller ID............................................................................. 66
Authentication/Call ID 1 ............................................................................. 67
Authentication/Call ID 2 ............................................................................. 67
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Table of Contents
Connection List/IP .............................................................................................. 67
IP/Mode ......................................................................................................... 67
IP/NAT........................................................................................................... 67
IP/Route......................................................................................................... 67
Route/IP/Net ......................................................................................... 68
Route/Netmask ...................................................................................... 68
Route/Static Route ................................................................................. 68
Route/Private ......................................................................................... 68
Route/Hops ............................................................................................ 68
Route/Force IP........................................................................................ 68
IP/RIP ............................................................................................................. 69
RIP/Mode ................................................................................................ 69
RIP/Protocol ........................................................................................... 69
RIP/Method............................................................................................. 69
RIP/Direction.......................................................................................... 69
RIP/Triggered ........................................................................................ 69
RIP/Retain ............................................................................................... 70
Connection List/IPX ........................................................................................... 70
IPX/Mode....................................................................................................... 70
IPX/Remote Network .................................................................................. 70
IPX/Triggered ............................................................................................... 70
IPX/Retain ..................................................................................................... 71
IPX/Type 20 Packets..................................................................................... 71
Connection List/Bridge ...................................................................................... 72
Bridge/Mode ................................................................................................. 72
Connection List/Probe........................................................................................ 72
Probe/Active ................................................................................................. 72
Probe/Interval ............................................................................................... 72
Probe/Update Window ............................................................................... 73
Connection List/PPP........................................................................................... 73
PPP/Multilink ............................................................................................... 73
Multilink/Mode ..................................................................................... 73
Multilink/Fragment ............................................................................... 73
Multilink/BACP ..................................................................................... 73
PPP/Compression......................................................................................... 74
PPP/VJ Compression ................................................................................... 74
PPP/Max Config ........................................................................................... 74
PPP/Max Timer............................................................................................. 74
PPP/Max Failure........................................................................................... 75
Connection List/Dial Out................................................................................... 75
Dial Out/Number 1...................................................................................... 75
Dial Out/Number 2...................................................................................... 75
Dial Out/Call Type....................................................................................... 75
Dial Out/Redial at 56K ................................................................................ 76
Dial Out/Delay.............................................................................................. 76
Dial Out/Connection Timeout.................................................................... 76
Dial Out/Attempts ....................................................................................... 76
Dial Out/Initial Channels............................................................................ 77
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Table of Contents
Connection List/Bandwidth .............................................................................. 77
Bandwidth/On Demand.............................................................................. 77
Bandwidth/Mode................................................................................... 77
Bandwidth/Idle Timeout....................................................................... 77
Bandwidth/Preempt Time ................................................................... 77
Bandwidth/Upper Threshold............................................................... 78
Bandwidth/Lower Threshold............................................................... 78
Bandwidth/Min Channels .................................................................... 78
Bandwidth/Max Channels.................................................................... 78
Bandwidth/Samples..................................................................................... 78
Samples/Sample Rate ............................................................................ 78
Samples/Samples.................................................................................... 78
Samples/Time Between Changes......................................................... 79
Connection List/Filters....................................................................................... 79
Filters/WAN-to-LAN (In)............................................................................ 79
Filters/In Exceptions..................................................................................... 80
Filters/LAN-to-WAN (Out) ........................................................................ 80
Filters/Out Exceptions ................................................................................. 81
Filters/Demand Dial..................................................................................... 81
Filters/Dem Dial Exceptions ....................................................................... 82
Configuration/Management ..................................................................................... 83
Management/Telnet............................................................................................ 83
Telnet/Server Access .................................................................................... 83
Telnet/User List............................................................................................. 84
User List/Name....................................................................................... 84
User List/Authen Method..................................................................... 84
User List/Password................................................................................ 84
User List/Idle Time ................................................................................ 84
User List/Level........................................................................................ 84
Management/SNMP ........................................................................................... 85
SNMP Access ................................................................................................. 85
SNMP/Communities.................................................................................... 85
Communities/Name ............................................................................. 85
Communities/Privilege ......................................................................... 85
Communities/Manager IP..................................................................... 85
SNMP/Traps.................................................................................................. 85
Traps/Manager Name ........................................................................... 86
Traps/Manager IP .................................................................................. 86
Management/Maint Port.................................................................................... 86
Maint Port/Password Protect...................................................................... 86
Maint Port/Password ................................................................................... 86
Maint Port/Baud Rate .................................................................................. 86
Maint Port/Data Bits .................................................................................... 86
Maint Port/Parity.......................................................................................... 87
Maint Port/Stop Bits..................................................................................... 87
Configuration/Terminal Mode ................................................................................. 87
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Table of Contents
Dial Menu............................................................................................................................ 88
Dial/Description.......................................................................................................... 88
Dial/Dial....................................................................................................................... 88
Dial/Hang Up.............................................................................................................. 89
Dial/Status ................................................................................................................... 89
Dial/Channels.............................................................................................................. 89
Dial/Number 1 ............................................................................................................ 89
Dial/Number 2 ............................................................................................................ 89
Status Menu ........................................................................................................................ 90
Status/Call Sessions.................................................................................................... 90
Call Sessions/Session1 and Call Sessions/Session2....................................... 91
Call Sessions/Spanning Tree ............................................................................. 92
Status/ARP Cache....................................................................................................... 92
Status/Bridge Table .................................................................................................... 93
Status/IP Routes.......................................................................................................... 93
Status/IPX Routes ....................................................................................................... 94
Status/IPX Servers ...................................................................................................... 95
Status/WAN Stats....................................................................................................... 95
Status/LAN Stats ........................................................................................................ 96
Status/IP Stats.............................................................................................................. 96
Test Menu............................................................................................................................ 98
Test Menu/Echo Request........................................................................................... 98
Test Menu/Dial Self.................................................................................................... 98
Logs Menu........................................................................................................................... 99
Logs/Sys log Host....................................................................................................... 99
Logs/PPP Log.............................................................................................................. 99
PPP Log/Active ................................................................................................... 100
PPP Log/Wrap..................................................................................................... 100
PPP Log/Level..................................................................................................... 100
PPP Log/View ..................................................................................................... 100
PPP Log/Clear ..................................................................................................... 100
Logs/Call Log.............................................................................................................. 100
Call Log/Active ................................................................................................... 100
Call Log/Wrap..................................................................................................... 101
Call Log/Level ..................................................................................................... 101
Call Log/View...................................................................................................... 101
Call Log/Clear ..................................................................................................... 101
Logs/Network Log ..................................................................................................... 101
Network Log/Active........................................................................................... 101
Network Log/Wrap ............................................................................................ 101
Network Log/Level ............................................................................................ 102
Network Log/View............................................................................................. 102
Network Log/Clear............................................................................................. 102
Utilities Menu ..................................................................................................................... 103
Utilities/Ping ............................................................................................................... 103
Utilities/Telnet Client................................................................................................. 104
Utilities/Upgrade Menu ............................................................................................ 104
Upgrade/Transfer Method ................................................................................ 104
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Table of Contents
Upgrade/TFTP Host ........................................................................................... 104
Upgrade/Filename .............................................................................................. 104
Upgrade/Status.................................................................................................... 104
Upgrade/Start Transfer ...................................................................................... 105
Upgrade/Abort Transfer .................................................................................... 105
Upgrade/TFTP Server......................................................................................... 105
Utilities/Exit................................................................................................................. 105
Chapter 4. Troubleshooting............................................................................................. 107
If Self Test Fails ................................................................................................................... 107
If the Express XL/XLT Does Not Read Ready............................................................... 107
If You are Unable to Connect Calls.................................................................................. 113
Chapter 5. Specifications ................................................................................................. 115
Specifications and Features............................................................................................... 115
Network Interface.......................................................................................... 115
Ethernet Interface (LAN).............................................................................. 115
Switch Compatibility .................................................................................... 115
POTS Interface ............................................................................................... 115
Display ............................................................................................................ 116
Environmental ............................................................................................... 116
Physical ........................................................................................................... 116
Power............................................................................................................... 116
Appendix A. Loop Status Messages .............................................................................. 117
Appendix B. Log Messages.............................................................................................. 121
Appendix C. SNMP........................................................................................................... 139
Appendix D. Connector Pinouts .................................................................................... 143
Appendix E. Terminal Mode Commands..................................................................... 145
Glossary............................................................................................................................... 149
Acronyms ............................................................................................................................ 159
Index .................................................................................................................................... 161
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List of Figures
Figure 1-1:
Figure 1-2:
Figure 1-3:
Figure 1-4:
Figure 1-5:
Figure 1-6:
Figure 1-7:
Figure 2-1:
Figure 2-2:
Figure 3-1:
Figure 3-2:
Figure 3-3:
Figure 3-4:
Figure 3-5:
Figure 3-6:
Figure 3-7:
Figure 3-8:
Figure 3-9:
Figure 3-10:
Figure 3-11:
Figure 3-12:
Figure 3-13:
Figure 3-14:
Express XL/XLT.................................................................................... 7
Single User to Corporate LAN ............................................................ 8
Single User to Internet Service Provider............................................ 9
Multiple User to Internet Service Provider........................................ 10
SOHO to Corporate LAN..................................................................... 11
Express XL/XLT LEDs ......................................................................... 17
Express XL/XLT Rear Panels .............................................................. 18
Wiring Scheme 1.................................................................................... 24
Wiring Scheme 2.................................................................................... 25
Top Level Terminal Menu.................................................................... 28
Configuration/System Info Screen..................................................... 34
Configuration/WAN Screen ............................................................... 36
Configuration/IP Screen ...................................................................... 40
Configuration/IPX Screen ................................................................... 47
Configuration/Bridge Screen .............................................................. 50
Configuration/Security Screen ........................................................... 56
Configuration/Connection List Screen.............................................. 63
Configuration/Management Screen................................................... 83
Dial Screen.............................................................................................. 88
Status Screen........................................................................................... 90
Test Screen.............................................................................................. 98
Logs Screen............................................................................................. 99
Utilities Screen ....................................................................................... 103
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List of Figures
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List of Tables
Table 2-A:
Table 4-A:
Table D-A:
Table D-B:
Table D-C:
Table D-D:
Using the Flash-Hook ........................................................................... 22
Troubleshooting Calls........................................................................... 113
IBM/AT Style EIA-232 Interface......................................................... 143
RJ-45 ISDN BRI U .................................................................................. 143
RJ-11 POTS.............................................................................................. 144
10BaseT Ethernet ................................................................................... 144
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List of Tables
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Quick Startup Guide
SETTING UP THE ISDN LINE
Before configuring the Express XL/XLT, ensure that the telephone service has
provided the switch type, service profile identification (SPID), and local direc-
tory number (LDN).
Example:
Switch Type
SPID1
SPID2
National ISDN-1
20555512120100
20555512130100
5551212
LDN1
LDN2
5551213
1. Connect a VT 100 async terminal, or personal computer with a terminal
emulator running 9600 N-8-1, to the MAINTENANCE port.
2. Hold down the Control key and press R; then press Enter to display the
top menu.
3. Using the arrow keys and Enter key to navigate the menu, go to the Con-
figuration/WAN/ISDN/Dial Line menu. Enter the SPIDs, LDNs, and
switch type.
4. Use the left arrow key or the Escape key to go back up the menu tree.
When asked to save ISDN parameters, type y.
5. Connect the ISDN line to the RJ-45 jack labeled ISDN BRI U on the rear
panel.
6. When the Loop LED remains solid, the Express XL/XLT is ready for call-
ing.
7. If using a POTS Phone with the Express XLT, connect the POTS telephone
to the POTS port.
If the SPID(s) does not work or is unknown, try activating the ExpertISDN™ feature.
First enter the area code and local directory number(s); then press the Enter key over
the ExpertISDN activator.
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Quick Startup Guide
CONNECTING TO AN INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER
Internet Access using Network Address Translation (NAT)
1. Connect the 10BaseT cable from the PC’s network card to the Express XL/
XLT. Select TO NIC on the Express XL/XLT back panel.
2. Go to the Configuration/Connection List menu, and then press the right
arrow key to place the cursor on the Num column.
3. Type I to insert a new Connection List entry.
4. Using the arrow keys, move the cursor over the Num column for the in-
serted entry. Press Enter to place the subentries into the right pane.
5. Set the Description to an identifiable name (i.e., ISP).
6. Go into the Authentication field and select PAP or CHAP for the Tx
Method.
7. Enter your user name and password (provided by your ISP) into the Tx
Username and Tx Password fields.
8. Move the cursor to the left pane and highlight the IP parameters.
9. Set the NAT item to Yes. This is a very important step. The Express XL/
XLT will need to translate the “fake” IP address(es) on the PC(s) to the “re-
al” address provided dynamically by the ISP. See IP/NAT on page 43 for
more details.
10. All other IP parameters should be left at their default settings. Navigate
over to the Dial Out parameters.
11. Enter the number into Number 1. If configured for two B-channel (PPP
Multilink) by the ISP, enter Number 2 if it exists and set Initial Channels
to 2.
12. Arrow left until the message Save Connection List Changes appears.
Type y to save.
13. Go to the Configuration/IP menu and enter an IP address and net mask
into the IP Address and Subnet Mask fields. The factory default setting
will work just as well (10.0.0.1, 255.255.255.0).
14. Go into the Configuration/IP/NAT submenu and set DHCP Mode to On.
15. Arrow left to save the configuration.
16. Go into the Dial menu.
17. Set the cursor over the Dial parameter for the Connection List profile you
just set up.
18. Press Enter; the Express XL/XLT will start dialing.
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Quick Startup Guide
19. If the call is successful, the Status column will read active. If not, make
sure the number(s) are correct or reference Chapter 4 on page 107 (the trou-
bleshooting chapter) before going on to the next step.
20. Once the call is up, the PC must generate a DHCP request to obtain the IP
parameters needed to get on the Internet. Refer to your PC’s user manual
or help screen.
MULTIPROTOCOL ROUTING BETWEEN TWO LANS
Remote/Home Office Accessing the Corporate LAN
The following steps can be used to set up the Express XL/XLT on a remote
LAN to access a corporate or central LAN using demand dial and dynamic
bandwidth management.
1. Connect the 10BaseT cable from the hub to the Express XL/XLT. Select
TO HUB on the Express XL/XLT back panel. The LI indicator should be
illuminated.
2. Set the IP address and Subnet Mask assigned by the network administra-
tor in the Configuration/IP menu.
3. For the Default Gateway, enter the IP address of the access server at the
remote site. This creates a default route in the IP routing table that will be
used with the dial-on-demand feature in the Express XL/XLT.
4. Use the arrow keys to get to the Configuration/IPX menu. Set the Net-
work value to the IPX network supplied by the network administrator.
Set the Seed Status to Seed. Arrow left and save the changes with a y
when prompted.
5. Move to the Configuration/Connection List. Use the arrow keys to move
the cursor over the Num column. Type I to insert a new entry.
6. Move the cursor over the Description field and press Enter. A pop up
window appears in which to enter a name for this Connection List profile.
7. Move the cursor over the Authentication menu and press Return. This
will place the authentication parameters into the right pane.
8. Enter the username and password under Tx Username and Tx Password.
These items should be provided by the administrator at the site being
dialed.
9. Use the down arrow to display the IP menu parameters in the right pane.
10. Move the cursor over the Route menu and press Return.
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Quick Startup Guide
11. Enter the IP address and Netmask parameters of the access server at the
remote site. This creates a static route to the access server’s network which
is entered into the Express XL/XLT’s IP route table.
12. Move the cursor over the RIP menu. Check with the network administra-
tor for the type of routing protocol used. The Express XL/XLT supports
RIP versions 1 and 2. The protocol is set in the Protocol parameter.
13. Select Yes for the Triggered parameter. This will prevent periodic RIP up-
dates that keep the ISDN link from going “idle.”
14. Select Yes for the Retain parameter. This will allow the routes learned
from the access server to be saved in the IP routing table. Access to any of
those networks from the workstation will cause this profile to be dialed.
15. Use the left arrow to get back to the previous menu. Use the down arrow
to view the IPX menu parameters in the right pane.
16. This is similar to steps 13 and 14. Select Yes for Triggered and Yes for Re-
tain. This will allow the ISDN link to go to an idle state and permit the
Express XL/XLT to “spoof” the server information obtained from the ac-
cess server. A similar configuration must be selected on the access server.
17. Use the arrows to get the Dial Out menu parameters for this profile.
18. Enter the phone number of the access server in Number 1. If configured
by the administrator to use two B-channels using Multilink PPP, set the
Initial Channels field to 2. Some PPP protocols, if they exist in the access
server, will allow the second channel to come into play only if the band-
width is needed. If this is the case, the Express XL/XLT will automatically
negotiate this with the access server.
19. Now move to the Bandwidth menu for this profile. Once there, use the
right arrow to move to the On Demand submenu.
20. Set the Mode parameter to On. This enables the dynamic bandwidth fea-
tures of the Express XL/XLT.
21. Select the Idle Timeout parameter and enter the number of seconds the
Express XL/XLT should wait before hanging up the connection when no
traffic is present. A value of 120 seconds is typical. A value of 0 means nev-
er idle the link.
22. All the parameters for this Connection List profile are complete. To save
them, press the left arrow to get to the top (main) menu; when prompted
Save Connection List changes? enter y.
23. Set up the computer workstation’s IP and IPX parameters as instructed by
the network administrator. The Express XL/XLT’s IP address should be
the computer’s default gateway.
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Quick Startup Guide
When the computer which is attached to the local LAN attempts to access a
host on the access server, the Express XL/XLT will dial the number provided
in the Connection List profile. The Express XL/XLT will provide one of two
B-channels based on traffic demand and POTS port usage (Express XLT model
only). If no packet traffic is transmitted or received for the specified number
of seconds, the Express XL/XLT will disconnect the link until a computer on
the local LAN again attempts to access a host on the access server.
If Novell’s IPX protocol is being used, the link must be dialed first in the Dial
menu to obtain the server and route information needed by the computer to
boot up. Advanced users can use the Express XL/XLT’s Probe feature to pe-
riodically dial the access server to obtain the route and server information,
thereby removing the need to manually dial the first time.
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Quick Startup Guide
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Chapter 1
Understanding ISDN and
the Express XL/XLT
ISDN OVERVIEW
The Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a public or private switched
digital network. ISDN is an international standard for digital communica-
tions, allowing a full range of enhanced services supporting voice, data, and
image applications through standard interfaces over a single telephone wire.
ISDN provides a means of integrating these services and modernizing com-
munication networks for information movement and management efficiency.
THE EXPRESS XL/XLT
The Express XL/XLT is a standalone device that links two Local Area Net-
works (LANs) using a high-speed ISDN public network or leased two-wire
line. Optionally, the Express XLT has a plain old telephone service (POTS)
connector that is used for voice/modem applications
See Figure 1-1 for an illustration of the Express XL/XLT. The 10BaseT connec-
tor operates at 10 megabits per second half duplex and accepts standard eth-
ernet packets encapsulated using IEEE 802.3 or Ethernet II (DIX). Because the
10BaseT is a four-wire interface, a crossover switch permits the user to connect
to either a hub-concentrator or network interface card without the need for
special cabling. The maintenance port can connect to any asynchronous termi-
nal emulating a VT 100 terminal for configuration.
Express XL
TEST
B1
PWR
B2 LOOP
ERR
LNK
JAB
LI COL
TX
RX
TEST
SELECT
Figure 1-1
Express XL/XLT
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Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express XL/XLT
Applications
Single User to Corporate LAN
•
•
•
Telecommuter/Home Office Access to the corporate LAN
Single device access
User Datagram Protocol (UDP) broadcasts are “relayed” to corporate
LAN.
•
•
Client device can obtain the Internet Protocol (IP) address dynamically us-
ing Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).
Compatible with popular central site LAN access devices
ISDN
Router
ISDN
BRI
U
PHONE
TO TO
NIC HUB
10BIT
MAINTENANCE
POWER
Server
10 BT
10 BT
Figure 1-2
Single User to Corporate LAN
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Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express XL/XLT
Single User IP to Internet Service Provider (ISP) using Network Ad-
dress Translation (NAT)
•
•
Provides high speed home access to the Internet
NAT provides translation from user assigned IP addresses to ISP assigned
IP addresses.
•
•
The PC’s IP address can be dynamically assigned by the Express XL/XLT.
Overcomes the serial port speed limitations of current terminal adapter
solutions
•
•
Multilink Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) plus compression yields effective
throughput greater than 256 kbps.
Compatible with popular ISP access devices
ISDN
INTERNET
ISDN
BRI
U
PHONE
TO TO
NIC HUB
10BIT
MAINTENANCE
POWER
10 BT
10 BT
Figure 1-3
Single User to Internet Service Provider
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Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express XL/XLT
Multiple Users to Internet Service Provider (ISP) using NAT
•
•
•
•
•
Provides high speed home access to the Internet
Multiple and simultaneous access
The PC’s IP address can by dynamically assigned by the Express XL/XLT.
On-demand Internet access
Multilink PPP plus compression yields effective throughput greater than
256 kbps.
•
Compatible with popular ISP access devices
ISDN
BRI
U
PHONE
TO TO
NIC HUB
10BIT
MAINTENANCE
POWER
INTERNET
ISDN
10 BT
Hub
Figure 1-4
Multiple User to Internet Service Provider
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Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express XL/XLT
Small Office - Home Office (SOHO) to Corporate LAN
•
•
Connects the small office or home office to the corporate LAN
Routes IP and Internet Packet Exchange (IPX) traffic from multiple devices
to the corporate LAN
•
•
•
•
Bridges all non-routed traffic (e.g., AppleTalk)
Provides dedicated or on-demand services
Low cost alternative to buying a high-end router
Compatible with popular central site LAN access devices
ISDN
BRI
U
PHONE
TO TO
NIC HUB
10BIT
MAINTENANCE
POWER
ISDN
Router
10 BT
Hub
Server
Figure 1-5
SOHO to Corporate LAN
The Express XL/XLT provides the following basic functions:
1. LAN Bridge: Bridging provides a point-to-point connection between two
LANs. The bridge learning function scans the source and destination me-
dia access control (MAC) addresses of all packets on its local LAN and de-
termines which packets should be transmitted over the ISDN link.
Applications include connectivity between single user or small offices to
corporate LANs. The Express XL/XLT uses the Spanning Tree Algorithm
(IEEE 802.1d-ISO/IEC10038), which provides a loop-free topology and re-
dundancy.
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Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express XL/XLT
2. IP Router: The Express XL/XLT can function as an IP router using the
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) for advertising and learning routes
among other routers. Static routes may also be entered into the routing ta-
ble.
3. IPX Router: IPX routers and services can be exchanged between the Ex-
press XL/XLT and other devices using RIP and Service Advertising Pro-
tocol (SAP). Watch dog serialization filtering and spoofing can permit the
ISDN to be idle during no application traffic periods.
4. Network Address Translation (NAT): Single networks can connect to the
Internet with this function. The Express XL/XLT translates outgoing IP
packets over the ISDN to the IP router at the Internet Service Provider.
Popular Internet applications are supported.
5. POTS: The POTS interface can be used for interfacing to dual tone multi-
frequency (DTMF) analog devices such as telephones, modems, fax ma-
chines, etc. The Express XLT POTS option is available on part number
1200070L2 only.
Demand Routing and Bridging with the Express XL/XLT
The Express XL/XLT is a dial-up ISDN IP Router and Transparent Learning
Bridge that provides Dial-On-Demand and Dynamic Bandwidth Manage-
ment. Its features can be easily configured and used once several basic con-
cepts are understood.
Factory Default
The Express XL/XLT comes from the factory configured for MAC Bridging, IP
routing and IPX routing with no filters or connection information defined. An
IP address of 10.0.0.1 with a network mask of 255.255.255.0 is preloaded. Dy-
namic Bandwidth Management features are disabled. Although dynamic as-
signment of a B-channel for the analog (POTS) port on the Express XLT model
is always available, link idle time-out and adding/removing of B-channels
based on traffic is initially disabled.
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Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express XL/XLT
Bridging
In Bridge Mode, the Express XL/XLT can communicate with two remote net-
works at a time. The destination is dialed by setting up a Connection List pro-
file and choosing Dial on the Dial menu. See Configuration/Connection List on
page 63 for instructions on setting up a Connection List profile.
During a two B-channel PPP Multilink call, the Express XLT automatically
drops one B-channel and provides it to the POTS port when a telephone call is
placed or answered. When a POTS telephone call terminates, the Express XL
redials the second B-channel and supplies the bandwidth back to the LAN
connection. Since other bandwidth management features are disabled in the
factory default configuration, the dialed links remain active until the Hang-up
command is entered from the Dial menu, terminating the session with the se-
lected remote network.
The Connection List described in the next section may be used to automate di-
aling and to store additional information specific to the remote site being di-
aled (phone numbers, number of B-channels to dial, authentication
information, Caller ID, etc.). In addition, Demand Dialing may be enabled to
allow idle links to disconnect when not being used to reduce line charges.
Simple Demand Bridging may be configured by enabling the Idle Time-Out
parameter under the Configuration/ Connection List [1]/Bandwidth/On De-
mand option on the Connection List. Setting this parameter to a non-zero val-
ue allows a bridge connection to disconnect after the specified number of
seconds with no traffic crossing the ISDN link. Bandwidth can be controlled
using the Express XL/XLT’s advanced filtering capability. When new traffic
needs to be transmitted, the Express XL/XLT will run each packet through its
Demand filters defined for each Connection List profile. If a packet can pass
through the filter, then the numbers for that profile are dialed. In addition,
when both B-channels are selected for use, the link may be configured to add/
remove the second B-channel based on the amount of traffic crossing the link.
The bridged connection is terminated when the Hang-up option is selected
from the Dial menu, but will redial if the demand filter condition is met.
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Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express XL/XLT
IP Routing
The Express XL/XLT operates as a dial-up IP router when the Configuration/
IP/IP Router/Mode option is configured to On. The Express XL/XLT uses an
IP unnumbered WAN interface; the IP address and mask assigned to the unit’s
LAN interface apply to all routing and IP operations for the unit. If a default
gateway is specified on the network of the Ethernet interface, the unit attempts
to reach the gateway through that interface. If the gateway is specified on an
unknown network, the unknown network is assigned to the router table and
remains unused until that gateway becomes the peer on a WAN connection.
If no default gateway is specified, the first connected peer on the WAN inter-
face becomes the default gateway (recommended for remote applications
when there are no other routers on the remote LAN).
For each profile in the Connection List that includes an IP address and has the
Configuration/Connection List/IP/Route/Static Route option set to Yes, the
Network Address of the specified IP address is added to the router table with
the Host Address as the gateway. If the Configuration/Connection List/IP/
Route/Private option is set to No, the route is advertised at the specified metric
through the unit’s interfaces as if a connection is active to that network. These
routes are referred to as spoofed routes.
Attempts by any computer connected to the LAN interface to access a host on
a spoofed network causes a connection to be attempted using the information
from that Connection List profile. Once connected, routes advertised by the
peer router are learned and advertised to the local LAN. If Bandwidth-On-De-
mand is enabled and an Idle Time-out value is specified, expiration of the Idle
Timer causes the link to be disconnected; the routes learned from the peer
router are retained if the Configuration/Connection List/IP/RIP/Retain op-
tion is set to Yes and advertised as if the connection is still active. These routes
are referred to as retained routes. Attempts by any connected computer to ac-
cess a host on any of the retained routes causes the link to be redialed. If Hang
Up is activated from the Dial menu when the link is down, the retained routes
are removed.
The Express XL/XLT can be connected to two WAN destinations at the same
time. Each B-channel is dialed to a different location. Routes learned from one
WAN destination are advertised to the other using RIP.
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Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express XL/XLT
IPX Routing
Like IP routing, the Express XL/XLT can connect to two different sites and ex-
change IPX packets. Network routes and services are learned and advertised
using Novell’s RIP and SAP. Routes and services learned from a separate site
can be retained in the Express XL/XLT when the connection goes idle. While
retained, the Express XL/XLT can spoof RIP/SAP and watch-dog and filter se-
rialization packets that would normally be required between the Novell server
and client.
Connection List - Simplifying and Enhancing the Dial Function
The Connection List, which is accessed from the Configuration menu, pro-
vides a location to define information regarding 15 individual destinations
that may be dialed. A Connection List entry is required for each destination
since authentication information (method, username, password), number of
B-channels, telephone numbers, Caller ID, IP, or IPX address (for routed con-
nections), and other information can be stored for each destination defined.
Defined destinations may be dialed by selecting the Dial activator in the Dial
menu or by demand for the desired Connection List profile.
Concurrent Routing And Bridging
The Express XL/XLT can route IP and IPX as well as bridge non-IP/IPX pack-
ets simultaneously. The Connection List profile will by default negotiate PPP
network protocols to support the transmission and reception of IP, IPX, and
Bridge packets. If the PPP peer does not accept a protocol, the Express XL/XLT
will fall back to any combination of routing and bridging.
Routing over PPP Bridging
The Express XL/XLT can support legacy equipment which does not support
PPP IP (IPCP) or IPX (IPXCP) protocols by allowing routing packets over the
WAN connection using PPP Bridging (BCP). To perform this, the Express XL/
XLT uses a “virtual” ethernet port. This port is set up under the Configura-
tion/Bridge menu.
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Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express XL/XLT
Network Address Translation Mode
NAT is a special mode of operation in which the Express XL/XLT obtains a
dynamically assigned IP address from the peer router (typically an Internet
Service Provider). This allows a network of computers to benefit from Ether-
net to ISDN speeds while still appearing to the Internet Service Provider (or
central site router) as a single IP address which is typical of PC based serial
dial-up solutions.
List profile that has the IP parameter NAT set to Yes. The network computer’s
IP stack may use DHCP to request an IP address, default gateway address, and
domain name server addresses from the Express XL/XLT.
Front Panel
Figure 1-6 on page 17 shows the front panel of the Express XL/XLT. The indi-
cators are divided into LAN functions, WAN functions, and Test functions.
LAN Indicators
RX
TX
LI
Flashes when receiving data from the 10BaseT connector.
Flashes when transmitting data onto the 10BaseT connector.
Link integrity. Illuminates when there is a good connection
between the Express XL/XLT and the Hub/NIC card.
Illuminates when a collision occurs on the 10BaseT.
Indicates a jabber condition on the 10BaseT.
COL
JAB
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Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express XL/XLT
WAN Indicators
LNK
B1
Flashes when the link is being negotiated; solid when the link
is active.
Flashes when a call on the B1 channel is in progress; solid
when a call is connected.
B2
Flashes when a call on the B2 channel is in progress; solid
when a call is connected.
Loop
Indicates ISDN layers status. Indicator is off when layer 1 is
down. A fast flash indicates layer 1 is up and layer 2 is down.
A slow flash indicates layer 2 is up and layer 3 is down. A sol-
id illumination indicates all layers are up.
Flashes when self-test has failed; solid when unit is powered
on and self-test has passed.
PWR
Test Indicators
ERR
B1/B2
Illuminates when self-test or front panel test has failed.
Indicates test selected by front panel buttons.
Express XL
TEST
B2 LOOP
B1
PWR
ERR
JAB
LNK
LI COL
TX
RX
TEST
SELECT
Figure 1-6
Express XL/XLT LEDs
Pushbutton Tests
The echo request test can be executed by pressing the SELECT button one time
and pressing TEST. A ping test is executed by pressing the SELECT button
twice and pressing TEST. The IP address pinged comes from the previously
pinged address set in the menu. If it is blank, the default gateway is used. If
the default gateway is blank, an error is indicated. The ERR indicator illumi-
nates if any pings are not returned. The dial self-test is invoked from the front
panel if the SELECT button is pressed three times. The LDN(s) must be al-
ready programmed for this test to work.
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Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express XL/XLT
ISDN Connection
From the network, ISDN is delivered by a single 2-wire 2B1Q U-interface
which is connected directly to the Express XL/XLT. ISDN network termina-
tion is designed into the Express XL/XLT, eliminating the need and expense
of a separate NT1. For network testing, the Express XL/XLT responds to NT1
test commands from the telephone company central office (CO).
The Express XL/XLT has one RJ-45 jack, labeled ISDN BRI U on the rear panel
for network connection (see Figure 1-7). ISDN basic rate service divides a stan-
dard telephone line into three digital channels capable of simultaneous voice
and data transmission. The three channels are comprised of two bearer (B)
channels at 64 kbps and one data (D) channel at 16 kbps, known as 2B+D.
The Express XL/XLT also supports a leased digital connection allowing data
to be transferred at up to 144 kbps over a 2-wire facility using the same RJ-45
jack. This type of service is a permanent connection between endpoints and is
sometimes referred to as a leased connection, a dedicated connection, a nailed-
up connection, or a private circuit. Leased connection or leased line is used in
this manual to represent these types of services.
ISDN
BRI U
TO TO
NIC HUB
10BT
MAINTENANCE
POWER
1200070L1
ISDN
BRI U
TO TO
NIC HUB
PHONE
10BT
MAINTENANCE
POWER
1200070L2
Figure 1-7
Express XL/XLT Rear Panels
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Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express XL/XLT
Ordering ISDN
When ordering ISDN from the telephone company, request EZ-ISDN 1 (Ca-
pability Package U) to ensure it is set up properly. EZ-ISDN 1 is recommend-
ed by the industry for most home office/small business applications. If this is
not available from your service provider or you would like more information
regarding ordering ISDN, see the ADTRAN document Ordering ISDN Service
User Guide part number 60000.015-8 or contact your telephone company for al-
ternative line configurations. The Ordering ISDN Service User Guide is avail-
able on the ADTRAN home page at http://www.adtran.com or by calling
ADTRAN.
Interoperability
The Express XL/XLT is standards based and uses PPP developed by Internet
Engineering Task Force (IETF). PPP provides a standard method of transport-
ing multi-protocol datagrams over point-to-point links. PPP is widely accept-
ed by many ISDN bridge/router manufacturers. The Express XL/XLT will
negotiate Multilink PPP when connecting both B-channels. The Bandwidth
Allocation Protocol (BAP) may also negotiate, which enhances the manage-
ment of adding and removing a B-channel. Data compression is also support-
®
ed using LZS technology from hi/fn™.
Connecting to the Internet
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) assign an IP address to use when connected
to their service using PPP negotiation. This assignment is based on the as-
sumption that the user has an ISDN terminal adapter running PPP async-to-
sync conversion or another rate adaption where the PPP negotiation is termi-
nated inside the PCs IP stack. However, if an ISDN-ethernet gateway device
is used, the ISP must preassign the customer a subnet which uses multiple IP
addresses. This may result in a much higher cost to the user.
The Express XL/XLT permits the user to assign any IP addresses to the unit
and computers. Operations on the network can occur normally. In fact, one B-
channel can connect to the ISP using NAT while the other B-channel connects
to another “private” or “fake” network. All packets transmitted or received
over the ISP connection are translated. The Express XL/XLT keeps track of the
computers that request services over the Internet. A web server address can
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Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express XL/XLT
be assigned under the Configuration/IP/NAT menu that allows incoming HT-
TP, FTP, and mail server requests from the Internet to be translated and for-
warded to this address on the user network.
Configuration
The Express XL/XLT is configured using a menu-based interface. This inter-
face can be accessed via the maintenance port using any asynchronous VT100
terminal or personal computer running a terminal emulation program, or via
the LAN using a Telnet client program. To use the Telnet interface, the Ex-
press XL/XLT must first have an IP address programmed into it via the main-
tenance port. The factory default is 10.0.0.1.
Security
Security on network devices is a major concern for almost anyone with a net-
work. The Express XL/XLT provides many tools for securing the local net-
work from hostile users. Incoming calls can be authenticated using passwords
and Caller ID. A RADIUS client can also be used.
The Telnet configuration can also be protected using the same authentication
methods. Each menu item in the Express XL/XLT has a security level associ-
ated with it. A telnet session is assigned a privilege level which determines
which menu items are accessible to the telnet client. See Security Levels on
page 33 (in Chapter 3) for more information on menu security levels.
Filters can be defined to prevent certain addresses or protocols from being
transferred from LAN-to-WAN, WAN-to-LAN, or WAN-to-WAN.
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Chapter 2
Installation
After unpacking the unit, immediately inspect it for possible shipping dam-
age. If damage is discovered, file a claim immediately with the shipping car-
rier; then contact the ADTRAN Repair and Return department.
ISDN NETWORK CONNECTION
The Express XL/XLT supports either dial or leased operation. A single RJ-45
modular jack labeled ISDN BRI U on the rear panel provides connection to ei-
ther network service.
Dial operation allows the user to dial out or receive calls over the public net-
work.
The leased operation mode supports dedicated 2B1Q data service at rates up
to 144 kbps by using a nailed up circuit, or a permanent connection between
end points.
See Appendix D on page 143 for ISDN network connector pin assignments.
LOCAL AREA NETWORK CONNECTION
The Express XL/XLT has a 10BaseT connector that provides half-duplex 10
Mbps operation over a four-wire twisted pair. Place the switch in the TO HUB
position when connecting to a 10BaseT concentrator or Hub. Place the switch
in the TO NIC position when connecting directly to a computer’s 10BaseT net-
work interface card.
Other types of ethernet interfaces (i.e., AUI, 10Base2, etc.) can be accommodat-
ed by obtaining an appropriate converter.
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Chapter 2: Installation
TELEPHONE CONNECTION (XLT ONLY)
Basic Telephone Service
The Express XLT supports an analog DTMF telephone type (AT&T 2500) with
the POTS interface, part number 1200070L2. The telephone or other analog de-
vice (like a fax machine or modem) plugs into an RJ-11 jack labeled PHONE
located on the rear of the unit. Using a multipoint line allows the POTS and
data port to have unique phone numbers.
Supplementary Services
Supplementary services such as call holding, three- or six-way conferencing,
call transfer, and call waiting are fully supported by the Express XL/XLT on
a touch-tone telephone. Table 2-A explains how the flash-hook is used for han-
dling multi-call situations.
DTMF Keypad
The following functions are performed on a touch-tone phone:
•
•
•
•
•
Disable call waiting:
Enable call waiting:
Redial last number:
Enable ExpertISDN:
Enter Area Code:
Press **0
Press **1
Press **5
Press **6
Press **7XXX
(where XXX is a 3-digit area code.
This must be entered first, before
enabling ExpertISDN.)
Press **8XXXXXXX
(where XXXXXXX is the 7- digit
phone number. This must be entered
before enabling ExpertISDN.)
Press **9XXXXXXX
•
•
Enter Phone Number 1:
Enter Phone Number 2:
(where XXXXXXX is the 7-digit
phone number. If only one phone
number is assigned, this does not have
to be entered.)
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Chapter 2: Installation
Table 2-A
Using the Flash-Hook
Calling a second party with an active call.
Flash-hook to place active call on hold and dial new number. Hanging up will
terminate the call.
Answering an incoming call with an active call at call waiting.
Flash-hook to place active call on hold and answer incoming call. Hanging up
will terminate both calls.
Conferencing Calls.
With an outgoing call on hold, and a second outgoing call active, flash-hook to
conference calls. Hanging up will transfer second call.
With an incoming call on hold, and outgoing call active, flash-hook to confer-
ence calls. Hanging up will transfer calls.
With two incoming calls (one on hold and one active) flash hook to conference
calls. Hanging up transfers calls.
Answering calls on hold, and holding incoming active calls.
Flash-hook places the incoming call on hold and reconnects to outgoing call.
Hanging up will terminate both calls.
When connecting to a National ISDN 1 switch, call conferencing and call transferring
are assigned a unique feature identifier number. This number may not be the same in
all areas. The Configuration/WAN/POTS menu contains the feature identifier
numbers for conference and transfer. If these features do not work, contact your ISDN
provider. They can determine the numbers for these features that can then be pro-
grammed into the Express XL/XLT.
Customer Premises Wiring
Customer premises wiring requirements for the Express XL/XLT vary de-
pending on the application and existing wiring. It may be simpler for the
ISDN provider to deliver another line to your location. This would eliminate
the need to modify existing wiring. Figures 2-1 and 2-2 illustrate two wiring
scheme possibilities.
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Chapter 2: Installation
Yellow
Red
To
Telephone
Company
Green
Black
New Wiring Scheme
Express XLT
Personal
Computer
10-Base-T Phone
U
Yellow
Red
To
Telephone
Company
Green
Black
Figure 2-1
Wiring Scheme 1:
Use existing analog telephone equipment, but replace
single analog telephone service with ISDN service
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Chapter 2: Installation
Yellow
Red
To
Telephone
Company
Green
Black
New Wiring Scheme
Express XLT
Personal
Computer
10-Base-T Phone
U
Red
Green
Yellow
Red
To
Telephone
Company
Green
Black
W A R N I N G
Ensure other yellow and black wire functions are removed
before using this wiring scheme.
Figure 2-2
Wiring Scheme 2:
Retain single analog telephone
service and add ISDN service
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Chapter 2: Installation
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Chapter 3
Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
TERMINAL MENU STRUCTURE
The Express XL/XLT uses a multilevel menu structure containing both menu
items and data fields. All menu operations and data display in the terminal
menu window. The Express XL/XLT is shipped in the Factory Default config-
nance port. The default rate is 9600 baud 8-N-1. The terminal emulator can
flow the Express XL/XLT off using software flow control. Hardware flow con-
trol is not used.
The opening menu (the Main menu, or top-level menu) is the access point to
all other operations. Each Main menu item has several functions and sub-
menus to identify and access specific parameters. Figure 3-1 on page 28 shows
the top-level terminal menu.
In order to edit items in the terminal menus, you must have the appropriate security
level. Each menu description in this section indicates the required security level re-
access to all configuration items.
The Main menu contains the following options.
Configuration
tion for the Express XL/XLT. See the section Configuration Menu on page 34 for
detailed information on the available options.
Dial
The Dial menu is used to connect to different sites based on the Connection
List. See the section Dial Menu on page 88 for more details.
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Menu Path
Describes the current
position in the terminal
menu structure.
Right Pane
Lists available submenus. Additional
submenus available through this pane
are indicated by the [+] and [DATA]
symbols.
Left Pane
Lists available
menus.
Mode
Describescurrent
operating mode.
System Time
Displays the cur-
rent time. See Date/
Time on page 35 for
details on setting
the time.
Navigation Help
Displays list of
characters you can
use to navigate the
terminal menus.
Press Control-Z.
Loop Status
Displays current
status of ISDN line.
B-channel Status
Displays current status
of each B channel.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
Status
press XL/XLT system. See the section Status Menu on page 90 for detailed in-
formation on the available options.
Test
XL/XLT. See the section Test Menu on page 98 for detailed information on the
tests available.
Logs
XL/XLT. See the section Logs Menu on page 99 for detailed information on the
available options.
Utilities
The Utilities menu provides tools for system diagnostics and upgrading the
Express XL/XLT. See the section Utilities Menu on page 103 for detailed infor-
mation on the available options.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
The following sections provide information on how to navigate through the
terminal menus.
General Layout
When you first start a terminal mode session, the window shown in Figure 3-
1 on page 28 displays. The screen is divided into left and right panes. The left
pane shows the current list of submenus, while the right pane shows the con-
tents of a selected submenu.
Menu Path
The top line of the display shows this session’s current position (path) in the
menu tree. Figure 3-1 shows the top menu level with the cursor on the Con-
figuration submenu, so the path display shows Express XLT/Configuration.
Moving Around
Press Tab or the right arrow key to move the cursor from the left pane to the
right pane. Press Tab or the left arrow key to move the cursor from the right
pane back to the left pane. Use the up and down arrows to move around with-
in each pane. Press Enter to activate a menu. Press the left arrow key or the Es-
cape key to go back up the menu. The following options display throughout
the menus.
Submenus [+] or [DATA]
Menus that display [+] or [DATA] indicate that more items are available when
selected.
Activation Field <+>
Menus that display <+> indicate that an action is to be taken, such as activat-
ing a test.
Editable Data Field
A highlighted menu item indicates that you can enter data in that field.
Read-Only Field
An underlined field is a display field that contains read-only information.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
Navigation with the Keyboard
You can use different keystrokes to navigate through the terminal menu. Press
Control-Z to activate a pop-up screen with the available keystrokes. The fol-
lowing section provides a list of the available keystrokes and the results:
General Navigation
H
J
Returns to the home screen.
Jumps between two menu items. Press J while on a menu
item of interest, and you will jump back to the main
screen. Go to another menu item of interest, Press J, and
you will jump back to the screen that was displayed the
first time you pressed J. Press J anytime you want to
jump between these items.
Arrow Keys
Selects items and moves between the left and right
panes. The left arrow key allows you to go back up the
menu.
Enter
Activates an item or moves into submenu.
Escape
Cancels an edit. Allows you to go back up the menu.
Also will dismiss the pop-up help screens.
Tab
Moves between the left and right panes.
Moves to the top of a screen.
A
Z
Moves to the bottom of a screen.
Ascends one menu level.
Backspace
Session Management
Control-L
Control-S
Logs out of the session.
Invalidates the password entry and returns to the login
screen. The Password prompt will display.
Control-R
Refreshes the screen. To save time, only the portion of
the screen that has changed is refreshed. This option
should be necessary only if the display picks up incorrect
characters.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
ConÞguration
F
Restores factory default settings. This setting restores the
factory defaults based on the location of the cursor.
Entire submenus can be factory defaulted.
C
Copies selected items to the clipboard. The amount of
information you can copy depends on the cursor location
when you press C. For example, if the cursor is over an
editable field, only that item is copied. If the cursor is
over the index number of a list, then all of the items in
the row of the list are copied. For example, if the cursor is
over the Num field in the Connection List screen, all of
the information associated with the Connection List
entry is copied.
P
Pastes the item stored in the clipboard, if the information
in compatible. You must confirm all pastes except those
to a single editable field.
>
<
I
For certain types of fields, when you paste information
into the field, the value increments by 1.
For certain types of fields, when you paste information
into the field, the value decrements by 1.
Inserts a new item in a list. For example, add a new item
to the Connection List by pressing I while the cursor is
over the index number.
D
Deletes a list item. For example, delete an item from the
Connection List by pressing D while the index number is
active.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
Security Levels
Each menu item on the configuration screens has an associated security level.
The security level ranges from 0 (highest security level) to 5 (lowest security
level). This level determines whether a Telnet session can access that menu
item. The Telnet session is assigned a security level set by the user. Passwords
can only be accessed as security level 0. The maintenance port is always at se-
curity level 0.
The security levels are assigned as follows:
Level
0
1
2
Access all parameters including passwords
Access all parameters except passwords
Access all parameters except passwords and
authentication methods
3
Access all parameters except passwords,
authentication methods, and ISDN parameters
Access only test and status menus
Access status menus only
4
5
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
CONFIGURATION MENU
Configuration/System Info
The System Info menu provides basic information about the unit and displays
data fields for editing information. Figure 3-2 displays the submenus avail-
able under this menu item.
Figure 3-2
Configuration/System Info Screen
System Name
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Provides a user configurable text string for the name of the Express XL/XLT.
This name can help distinguish between different installations. You can enter
up to 31 alpha-numeric characters in this field, including spaces and special
characters (such as an under bar). The system name is also used for PPP au-
thentication and IPX service name.
System Location
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Provides a user configurable text string for the location of the Express XL/
XLT. This helps to keep track of the physical location of the unit. You can enter
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
up to 31 alpha-numeric characters in this field, including spaces and special
characters (such as an under bar).
System Contact
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Provides a user configurable text string for the contact name. This field can
contain a name, phone number, or e-mail address of a person responsible for
the Express XL/XLT. You can enter up to 31 alpha-numeric characters in this
field, including spaces and special characters (such as an under bar).
Firmware Revision
Read security: 5
Displays the current firmware revision level of the Express XL/XLT. This field
is a read-only field.
System Uptime
Read security: 5
Displays the length of time the Express XL/XLT has been running since power
up or reset. This field is a read-only field.
Date/Time
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Displays the current data and time as programmed in the real time clock. This
field can be edited. Enter the time in 24-hour format (such as 23:00:00 to rep-
resent 11:00 PM). Enter the data in mm-dd-yyyy format (for example, 09-30-
1997).
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
Configuration/WAN
The WAN menu is used to set up the ISDN parameters for the Express XL/
XLT. Also, for the Express XLT, a POTS menu is provided. Figure 3-3 shows
the WAN menu.
Figure 3-3
Configuration/WAN Screen
WAN/ISDN
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
Selects the mode the ISDN line is in. If connecting to the public network, select
Dial (def). If connecting to a leased wire for back-to-back operation, select
Leased.
ISDN/Dial Line
Dial Line parameters are entered under this menu.
Dial Line/ExpertISDN
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The ExpertISDN option allows automatic determination of Service Profile
Identifier (SPID) 1 and SPID 2 with entry of the Local Directory Number(s)
(LDN(s)) and area code. Enter the 7-digit LDN in LDN 1 and LDN 2 (if a sec-
ond number exists). The area code must be entered. The message Auto Spid
Success will appear in the Call Log to indicate success in determining the
SPID. See Appendix B on page 121 for additional messages and their definitions.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
Dial Line/Switch Protocol
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
Find out what kind of ISDN switch protocol the local CO is using by asking
the local telephone administrator or the telephone company representative.
The Express XL/XLT can be configured for the following:
AT&T 5ESS (def) AT&T 5ESS© Custom
DMS-100
Northern Telecom DMS-100™ Custom
National ISDN1 National ISDN-1 (could be a NorTel, AT&T, or
Siemens EWSD)
NEC
Nippon Electric Company Switch
Dial Line/Area Code
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
Enter 3-digit area code when using ExpertISDN.
Dial Line/SPID 1
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The SPID is a sequence of digits used to identify ISDN terminal equipment to
the ISDN switch. The SPID is assigned by the local phone company when the
ISDN line is installed and it usually looks similar to the phone number. Obtain
SPIDs from the telephone administrator or local telephone representative.
The number of SPIDs required (0, 1, or 2) depends on how your ISDN line is
configured. For instance, a point-to-point line has no SPID. Multipoint lines
may have one or two SPIDs. The Express XL/XLT uses the presence of SPID
1 to determine if the line is multipoint. If the line has only one SPID, then it
must be entered in SPID 1.
SPID 1 = 0 1 5 5 5 1 2 1 2 0
SPID 2 = 0 1 5 5 5 1 2 1 3 0
National ISDN-1 switches require the addition of a two-digit terminal identifier (TID)
at the end of the SPID.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
Dial Line/LDN 1 or 2
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This option allows the entry of 0, 1, or 2 LDNs. The LDN is used when placing
or receiving calls. The LDN is the local phone number assigned to the line.
LDN 1 = 5 5 5 1 2 1 2
LDN 2 = 5 5 5 1 2 1 3
Disconnect the network interface from the unit before initially entering or altering the
SPIDs and LDNs.
ISDN/Leased Line
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
Leased Line parameters are entered under this menu. Leased mode would be
used for permanent circuits.
Leased Line/Clock Mode
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The clock mode determines which unit will supply the clock for synchroniza-
tion. If the two units are connected through channel banks, both units should
be configured for Slave mode.
Slave (def)
Master
Timing is derived from the master unit.
Timing is derived from this unit.
Leased Line/Channel Rate
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
64k
Only B1 is used.
2x64k
128k (def)
144k
B1 and B2 go to different locations.
B1 and B2 are used together.
B1, B2 and D are used together.
ISDN/NEBEs
Read security: 5
This contains the number of Near-End-Block-Errors (NEBEs) that have been
detected by the Express XL/XLT’s ISDN circuitry. Continuous errors can in-
dicate a line problem, but a burst at one time is normal.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
ISDN/FEBEs
Read security: 5
This contains the number of Far-End-Block-Errors (FEBEs) that have been de-
tected by the ISDN circuitry on the other end of the link. Continuous errors can
indicate a line problem, but a burst at one time is normal.
WAN/POTS
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
POTS parameters are under this menu. They appear only under the Express
XLT version.
POTS/POTS Assignment
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The Express XLT can assign the POTS interface either LDN 1 or LDN 2 (def).
Once assigned, all incoming and outgoing calls are placed to/from this num-
ber.
POTS/NI-1 Conference FI
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
National ISDN Conference feature indication number is placed here. Most
COs use the default of 60.
POTS/NI-1 Transfer FI
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
National ISDN Transfer feature indication number is placed here. Most COs
use the default of 61.
POTS/Speech Calltype Routing
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This allows the Express XLT to treat incoming calls as “data over speech”
when selected as LAN. Otherwise, when set to POTS (def), incoming speech
calls are sent to the POTS when the destination number is the same as the
POTS assignment.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
Configuration/IP
The IP menu is used to set up the IP parameters for the Express XL/XLT. Any
general IP-related configuration item is under this menu. Figure 3-4 shows the
IP menu.
Figure 3-4
Configuration/IP Screen
IP/IP Address
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The IP address assigned to the Express XL/XLT’s Ethernet port is set here.
This address must be unique within the network. Factory default is 10.0.0.1.
IP/Subnet Mask
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The IP network mask to be applied to the Express XL/XLT’s Ethernet port is
set here. Factory default is 255.255.255.0.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
IP/Default Gateway
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
The default gateway is used by the Express XL/XLT for sending IP packets
whose destination address is not found in the route table. If this address is all
zeros, then the first WAN connection becomes the default gateway. If the ad-
dress entered is not on the Ethernet segment, then an “idle route” entry is add-
ed to the route table.
IP/Static Routes
Static Routes can be inserted under this menu.
Static Routes/Active
Write security: 4; Read security: 5
Adds this static route entry to the IP routing table when set to Yes (def) and
removes it (if it was previously added) if set to No.
Static Routes/IP Address
Write security: 4; Read security: 5
This is the IP address of the host or network address of the network.
Static Routes/Subnet Mask
Write security: 4; Read security: 5
This mask determines the bits in the previous IP address that are used. If this
is to be a host route, it must be set to all ones (255.255.255.255).
Static Routes/Gateway
Write security: 4; Read security: 5
This is the IP address of the router to receive the forwarded IP packet.
Static Routes/Hops
Write security: 4; Read security: 5
This is the number of router hops required to get to the network or host. Max-
imum distance is 15 hops.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
Static Routes/Private
Write security: 4; Read security: 5
When set to No, the Express XL/XLT will advertise this static route using RIP.
Otherwise, setting to Yes means that the route is kept private.
IP/IP Router
The IP router is configured under this menu as follows.
IP Router/Mode
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When this option is set to On (def), the Express XL/XLT will advertise and lis-
ten to routes from other IP routers. If Off, the route table is still used but only
static routes are used for routing IP packets and only the Ethernet port is used.
IP packets can be sent over the WAN, but only when bridged.
IP/RIP
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is supported by the Express XL/XLT.
The following parameters are required for setting up the mode on the Ethernet
port:
RIP/Mode
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This option turns RIP On (def) or Off
RIP/Protocol
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Version can be V1 (def) or V2
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RIP/Method
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Split Horizon - Only routes not learned on the Ethernet port are
advertised.
Poison Reverse (def) - All routes are advertised, including routes
learned from the Ethernet port. These routes are poisoned.
None - All routes are advertised, including routes learned from
the Ethernet port. No attempt is made to poison these routes.
RIP/Direction
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Tx and Rx (def)- RIP advertisements are transmitted and listened to on
the Ethernet port.
Tx only - RIP advertisements are transmitted and not listened to.
Rx only - RIP advertisements are listened to but not transmitted.
RIP/V2 Secret
Write security: 0; Read security: 0
This is a text string used for authenticating advertised routes.
IP/NAT
The Network Address Translation general parameters are set up under this
menu.
NAT/DHCP Mode
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When this option is set to On, the Express XL/XLT acts as a DHCP server and
will dynamically assign IP, network mask, default gateway, and DNS ad-
dresses to any device which transmits a broadcast DHCP request. The ad-
dresses assigned are based on the Express XL/XLT’s own IP address and will
be within the same network. This mode is most commonly used with the
NAT functionality. The default is Off.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
NAT/DHCP Renewal Time
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the number of hours that the DHCP server should allow the device be-
fore it is required to send a new DHCP request. The default is 15 hours, and 0
represents an infinite lease.
NAT/Web Server
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the IP address of a web server on the Ethernet network. When an active
NAT connection is made to the Internet, any HTTP, FTP, or Mail server re-
quests from the WAN are translated and sent to this web server.
IP/DNS
The Domain Name Server parameters used by the Express XL/XLT are speci-
fied here. The DNS server addresses can be exchanged between PPP peers.
When a connection occurs and IPCP is negotiated, the Express XL/XLT will
get the DNS server addresses from the PPP peer. If the configured DNS server
addresses (Server 1 and Server 2) are all zeros, the addresses from the PPP
peer are used. In NAT mode, the PPP peer’s DNS addresses are always used.
The DNS addresses set in Server 1 and Server 2 are offered to a PPP peer if so requested.
DNS/Domain Name
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is a text string used to represent the domain name used by the Express
XL/XLT.
DNS/Server 1
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the IP address for the primary DNS device. It is the first server that do-
main name requests are sent.
DNS/Server 2
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the IP address for the secondary DNS device. It is used a back-up in
case the primary address does not respond to the request.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
IP/UDP Relay
The Express XL/XLT can be configured as a relay agent for UDP broadcast
packets. Normally, a router will not forward UDP broadcast packets. How-
ever, many network application use UDP broadcasts to configure addresses,
host names, and other information. If hosts using these protocols are not on the
same network segment as the servers providing the information, the client
programs will not receive a response without enabling the UDP relay agent.
UDP Relay/Mode
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When this option is set to On (def), the Express XL/XLT will act as a relay
agent.
UDP Relay/UDP Relay List
Up to four relay destination servers can be specified in this list.
UDP Relay List/Relay Address
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the IP address of the server that will receive the relay packet.
UDP Relay List/UDP Port Type
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Standard (def) - The following standard UDP protocols are
relayed when set: DHCP, TFTP, DNS, NTP (Network
Time Protocol, port 123). NBNS (NetBIOS Name Server, port 137),
NBDG (NetBIOS Datagram, port 138), and BootP.
Specified - When set, the UDP port (1 to 65535) can be specified in
the UDP Port columns. (up to a maximum of three per server)
UDP Relay List/UDP Port 1, UDP Port 2, UDP Port 3
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
UDP Port 1, UDP Port 2, and UDP Port 3 are used for specifying UDP ports to
be relayed. These fields only apply when UDP Port Type is set to Specified.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
IP/Proxy ARP
Write security: 4; Read security: 5
This feature allows the network portion of a group of addresses to be shared
between several physical network segments. The ARP protocol itself provides
a way for devices to create a mapping between physical (i.e., Ethernet) ad-
dresses and logical IP addresses. Proxy ARP makes use of this mapping fea-
ture by instructing a router to answer ARP requests as a “proxy” for the IP
addresses behind one of its ports. The device which sent the ARP request will
then correctly assume that it can reach the requested IP address by sending
packets to the physical address that was returned to it. This technique effec-
tively hides the fact that a network has been (further) subnetted. If this option
is set to Yes (def), when an ARP request is received on the Ethernet port the
address is looked up in the IP routing table. If the forwarding port is not on the
Ethernet port and the route is not the default route, the Express XL/XLT will
answer the request with its own hardware address. If set to No, the Express
XL/XLT will only respond to ARP requests received for its own IP address.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
Configuration/IPX
The IPX menu is used to set up the IPX parameters for the Express XL/XLT.
Any general IPX-related configuration item can be found under this menu.
Figure 3-5 shows the IPX menu.
Figure 3-5
Configuration/IPX Screen
IPX/Mode
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
When this option is set to On (def), the Express XL/XLT will route IPX. Setting
it to Off will disable all IPX functionality.
IPX/Network
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The IPX network address for the Ethernet port is set here. This is an eight-digit
hexadecimal value that uniquely identifies the network segment of the Ether-
net port. Accidental selection of an IPX network which is already in use on an-
other network segment may cause hard-to-diagnose problems. IPX network
numbers should be carefully tracked.
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IPX/Frame Type
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The Express XL/XLT supports all four defined IPX frame types. The possible
frame types are: Ether Type II (def), Ether 802.3 (Raw), Ether 802.2, or Ether
SNAP (802.2 SNAP). Only one frame type can be used at one time.
IPX/Seed Status
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The seed status defines what the Express XL/XLT is to do with the network
information on the selected frame type during startup. There are three possi-
ble seeding selections specified:
Seed - The Express XL/XLT will listen for an IPX network
number being sent by another router (including Novell software
routers residing on servers) on the Ethernet segment connected to
this port and use this number if it exists. If it doesn’t discover a
number in use, the Express XL/XLT will use the configured IPX
network number for the Ethernet segment.
Non-Seed (def) - The Express XL/XLT will listen for an IPX
network number being sent by another router (including Novell
software routers residing on servers) on the Ethernet segment
connected to this port and use this number if it exists. If it doesn’t
discover a number in use, the Express XL/XLT will wait
indefinitely until a number is sent by another router on the Ethernet
segment.
Auto-Seed - The Express XL/XLT will listen for an IPX network
number being sent by another router (including Novell software
routers residing on servers) on the Ethernet segment connected to
this port and use this number if it exists. If it doesn’t discover a
number in use, the Express XL/XLT will auto-generate a valid
number using its routing tables.
IPX/RIP Timer
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This value specifies how often the Express XL/XLT sends out IPX RIP packets
on the network segment attached to the Ethernet port. The RIP packets sent
contain routing information about the networks for which this Express XL/
XLT is responsible. The default value is 60 seconds.
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IPX/SAP Timer
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This value specifies how often the Express XL/XLT sends out IPX SAP (Ser-
vice Access Protocol) packets on the network segment attached to the Ethernet
port. The SAP packets sent contain information about the services (such as
servers, printers, etc.) for which this Express XL/XLT is responsible. The de-
fault value is 60 seconds.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
Configuration/Bridge
The Bridge menu is used to set up the bridge parameters for the Express XL/
XLT. The bridging function runs at the Media Access Control (MAC) level
which allows any protocol packets that run over Ethernet to be forwarded.
Bridging can run concurrently with the IP and IPX routing. However, certain
rules apply for when packets are bridged across a WAN connection. When IP
routing is active, IP packets (which include ARP packets) are not bridged.
When IPX routing is active, IPX packets are not bridged. Also, the WAN IP
Bridge and WAN IPX Bridge menus allow the WAN connection to bridge
packets to the Express XL/XLT but get routed as soon as they arrive at the
unit. Figure 3-6 shows the Bridge menu.
Figure 3-6
Configuration/Bridge Screen
Bridge/Mode
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
When this option is set to On (def), the Express XL/XLT bridge function will
be enabled. Setting it to Off will disable all bridge functionality.
Bridge/WAN IP Bridge
When IP routing is active, the Express XL/XLT will allow another WAN de-
vice to bridge IP packets to it using PPP BCP. Normally, two IP routers would
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
negotiate PPP IPCP to exchange IP packets. However, if a device can only sup-
port PPP BCP, IP packets are encapsulated by the device as bridge packets.
The Express XL/XLT can treat the WAN IP Bridge as a virtual Ethernet port
connected only to a WAN device which has negotiated PPP BCP. This menu
allows the IP parameters for this virtual Ethernet to be setup.
WAN IP Bridge/Network
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This is the IP address of the virtual Ethernet port.
WAN IP Bridge/Netmask
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This is the network mask to be applied to the virtual Ethernet port.
WAN IP Bridge/Triggered
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
changed. When set to No (def), updates are sent periodically. RIP version,
method, and direction are determined by the Ethernet parameters set in the
Configuration/IP/IP Router/RIP menu.
WAN IP Bridge/Proxy ARP
If this option is set to Yes (def), the Express XL/XLT will proxy ARP on the
bridge IP port. See the section IP/Proxy ARP on page 46 for an explanation of
the proxy ARP function.
Bridge/WAN IPX Bridge
When IPX routing is active, the Express XL/XLT will allow another WAN de-
vice to bridge IPX packets to it using PPP BCP. Normally, two IPX routers
would negotiate PPP IPXCP to exchange IPX packets. However, if a device
can only support PPP BCP, IPX packets are encapsulated by the device as
bridge packets. The Express XL/XLT can treat the WAN IPX Bridge as a vir-
tual Ethernet port connected only to a WAN device which has negotiated PPP
BCP. This menu allows the IPX parameters for this virtual Ethernet to be set-
up.
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WAN IPX Bridge/Network
This is the network address of the virtual Ethernet port. See IPX/Network on
page 47 for explanation of the IPX network number.
WAN IPX Bridge/Frame Type
This is the frame type used for the virtual Ethernet port. See IPX/Frame Type
on page 48 for an explanation of the IPX frame type.
WAN IPX Bridge/Seed Status
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
WAN IPX Bridge/Triggered
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
When set to Yes, only IPX RIP and SAP updates are sent when the routing or
service table has changed. When set to No (def), updates are sent at the same
rate set for the Ethernet port (see IPX/RIP Timer on page 48 and IPX/SAP Timer
on page 49).
Bridge/Spanning Tree
The Spanning Tree Algorithm and Protocol ensures a loop-free topology and
provides redundancy. The protocol parameters can be specifically tuned from
their defaults, though most applications require no adjustment.
Spanning Tree/Mode
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
When the mode is set to On, the Express XL/XLT will participate in the span-
ning tree protocol between other bridges. When Off (def), all bridge ports re-
main permanently open for forwarding.
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Spanning Tree/Priority
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This assigns a priority to the Express XL/XLT that permits the relative priority
of multiple bridges to be managed. The range is 0 to 65535 with a default of
32768.
Spanning Tree/Maximum Age
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This is the timeout value used by the Express XL/XLT to test against the root
device. The value is in one-tenth seconds with a range between 60 (6.0 sec-
onds) and 400 (40.0 seconds). The default is 200 (20.0 seconds).
Spanning Tree/Hello Time
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This is the time between the generation of configuration BPDUs (Bridging Pro-
tocol Data Units) by the root bridge. The value is in one-tenth seconds with a
range between 10 (1.0 second) and 100 (10.0 seconds). The default is 20 (2.0
seconds).
Spanning Tree/Forward Delay
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This is the time spent in the listening and learning state while moving from the
blocking state to the forwarding state. The value is in one-tenth seconds with
a range between 40 (4.0 seconds) and 300 (30.0 seconds). The default is 150
(15.0 seconds).
Spanning Tree/LAN Port
The path cost and priority parameters for the Ethernet port are specified under
this menu.
LAN Port/Active
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The Ethernet port can be disabled when set to No. In this mode, no bridge traf-
fic will be forwarded in or out. Setting to Yes (def) allows the port to partici-
pate in the spanning tree topology.
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LAN Port/Path Cost
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This is the cost of using the Ethernet port in the total cost of the path. The
range is from 1 to 65535 with a default of 100 (for 10 Mbits/second).
LAN Port/Priority
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The priority adjusts the relative priority of the Ethernet port among the multi-
ple bridge ports. The range is 0 to 255 with a default of 128.
Spanning Tree/WAN Port 0
The WAN port 0 is considered to be the first PPP BCP connection that occurs
over the ISDN link. It can be a single B channel or two B channels running PPP
Multilink.
WAN Port 0/Active
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The WAN 0 port can be disabled when set to No. In this mode, no bridge traf-
fic will be forwarded in or out. Setting to Yes (def) allows the port to partici-
pate in the spanning tree topology.
WAN Port 0/Path Cost
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This is the cost of using the WAN port 0 in the total cost of the path. The range
is from 1 to 65535 with a default of 15625 (for 64 kbits/second). Note that
when running over two B channels using PPP Multilink, the range does not
adjust itself. If it is known that the only WAN port will be WAN port 0 over
two B-channels, then the path cost for this port should be changed 7812 (128
Kbits/second).
WAN Port 0/Priority
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The priority adjusts the relative priority of the WAN port 0 among the multi-
ple bridge ports. The range is 0 to 255 with a default of 128.
Spanning Tree/WAN Port 1
WAN port 1 is considered to be the second B channel PPP BCP connection
made. This port is only used when the first B channel (WAN Port 0) is going
to an entirely different bridge.
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WAN Port 1/Active
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This setup is exactly like WAN Port 0 above.
WAN Port 1/Path Cost
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This setup is exactly like WAN Port 0 above.
WAN Port 1/Priority
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This setup is exactly like WAN Port 0 above.
Bridge/Address Table
The Express XL/XLT automatically maintains a table of MAC addresses de-
tected and associates those addresses with the LAN, WAN0, or WAN1 port
from which they were received. This menu permits the user to adjust the pa-
rameters or rules for the table as addresses are learned.
Address Table/Aging
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the maximum time an idle MAC address remains in the table before be-
ing removed. The value is in minutes and can range from 0 (which means nev-
er age) to 65535. The default is 5.
Address Table/Forward Policy
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When this parameter is set to Unknown (def), any bridge packet with a desti-
nation MAC address that is not in the bridge table is forwarded to all other
ports. When set to Known, the packet with the unknown destination MAC
address is dropped and is not forwarded.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
Configuration/Security
The Security menu is used to set up the authentication parameters needed to
authenticate PPP connection over the ISDN B-channels. Also, the filter defines
are placed under this menu. Figure 3-7 shows the Security menu.
Figure 3-7
Configuration/Security Screen
Security/Authentication
Write security: 1; Read security: 2
The method used for authenticating the PPP peer is selected here. The possi-
ble values are:
Radius - The Express XL/XLT will act as a RADIUS client and
authenticate the PPP peer using the RADIUS server. The Radius
server parameters must be set up properly for this to work.
Connection List - The Connection List profile is used to authenticate
the PPP peer.
See Configuration/Connection List on page 63 for more information
on authenticating.
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Security/When
Write security: 1; Read security: 2
The Express XL/XLT can be configured to authenticate the PPP peer (using
the above method) for incoming calls using Answer Only (def), or for outgo-
ing and incoming calls using Originate and Answer.
Security/Radius Server
The parameters for the radius server are configured in this menu. The RADI-
US server can be used for authenticating a PPP peer (if defined under Security/
Authentication) and for Telnet server sessions.
Radius Server/Primary Server
Write security: 1; Read security: 2
This is the IP address of the first RADIUS server that the Express XL/XLT
should attempt to communicate with when authenticating a PPP peer.
Radius Server/Secondary Server
Write security: 1; Read security: 2
This is the IP address of the back-up RADIUS server that the Express XL/XLT
should attempt to communicate with when the primary server does not re-
spond.
Radius Server/UDP Port
Write security: 1; Read security: 2
This is the UDP port that the Express XL/XLT should use when communicat-
ing with the RADIUS server. The default is 1645, which is the commonly used
port.
Radius Server/Secret
Write security: 0; Read security: 1
The RADIUS server and Express XL/XLT share this text string, which is used
by the RADIUS sever to authenticate the Express XL/XLT that is the RADIUS
client. The factory default is to not use a secret.
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Radius Server/Retry Count
Write security: 1; Read security: 2
This is the number of times the Express XL/XLT should send a request packet
to the RADIUS server without a response before giving up. If the number of
attempts to communicate with the primary server is equal to the retry count,
the secondary server (if defined) is tried. If the secondary server does not re-
spond within the retry count, the PPP peer (or Telnet session) is not authenti-
cated and is dropped. The default is 5.
Security/PPP
Write security: 1; Read security: 2
The PPP peer can be authenticated using three standard methods: PAP (Pass-
word Authentication Protocol), CHAP (Challenge Handshake Protocol) and
EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol). The strength of the authentication
is determined in the order EAP, CHAP, followed by PAP, where EAP is the
strongest and PAP is the weakest. PAP is a clear-text protocol, which means
it is sent over the PPP link in a readable format. Care must be taken not to al-
low highly sensitive passwords to become compromised using this method.
CHAP and EAP use a one-way hashing algorithm which make it virtually im-
possible to determine the password. EAP has other capabilities which allow
more flexibility than CHAP.
The following selections are possible:
PAP, CHAP or EAP (def) - The Express XL/XLT will ask for EAP
during the first PPP LCP negotiation and allow the PPP peer to
negotiate down to CHAP or PAP.
CHAP or EAP - The Express XL/XLT will ask for EAP during the
first PPP LCP negotiation and allow the PPP peer to negotiate
down to CHAP but not PAP.
EAP - The Express XL/XLT will only allow EAP to be negotiated.
If the PPP peer is not capable of doing EAP, then the connection
will not succeed.
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The Express XL/XLT can filter packets based on certain parameters within the
packet. The method used by the Express XL/XLT allows the highest flexibility
for defining filters and assigning them to a Connection List profile. The filters
are set up in two steps: (1) defining the packet types, and (2) adding them to a
list under the Connection List profile. See the section Connection List/Filters on
page 79 for examples of how to set up filter profiles. This menu is used to de-
fine the individual filter defines based on packet type.
Filter Defines /MAC Filter Defines
Write security: 2; Read security: 3
The MAC filter is applied to bridge packets only. Bridge packets which are for-
warded by the bridge functionality of the Express XL/XLT are defined here.
Up to 32 MAC defines can be specified.
Name
Identifies the filter entry
Src Addr
48-bit MAC source address used for comparison.
(hexadecimal format)
Src Mask
Bits in the MAC source address which
are compared. (hexadecimal format)
48-bit MAC destination address used
for comparison. (hexadecimal format)
Bits in the MAC destination address used
for comparison. (hexadecimal format)
16-bit MAC type field used for comparison.
(hexadecimal format)
Dest Addr
Dest Mask
MAC Type
Type Msk
Bits in the MAC type field used for comparison.
(hexadecimal format)
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Filter Defines /Pattern Filter Defines
Write security: 2; Read security: 3
The pattern filter is applied to bridge packets only. That is any packet which
is forwarded by the bridge functionality of the Express XL/XLT. Up to 32 pat-
tern defines can be specified.
Name
Offset
Identifies the filter entry
Offset from beginning of packet of where to start
the pattern comparison
Pattern
Mask
64 bits used for comparison.
(hexadecimal format)
Bits in the pattern to be compared.
(hexadecimal format)
Filter Defines /IP Filter Defines
Write security: 2; Read security: 3
The IP filter defines apply to any IP packet, whether it is routed or bridged. Up
to 32 IP defines can be specified.
Name
IP Src
Identifies the filter entry
IP address compared to the source address.
(dotted decimal format)
Src Mask
IP Dest
Bits which are used in the source comparison.
(dotted decimal format)
IP address compared to the destination address.
(dotted decimal format)
Dest Mask
Src Port
Bits which are used in the destination
comparison. (dotted decimal format)
IP source port number used for comparison
Range: 0 to 65535. (decimal format)
Type of comparison that is performed
= - means ports equal to
Src Port Cmpr
not = - means port not equal to
> - means port greater than
< - means port less than
None - means the source port is not compared
IP destination port number used for
comparison Range: 0 to 65535. (decimal format)
Dst Port
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Dst Port Cmpr
Type of comparison that is performed
= - means ports equal to
not = - means port not equal to
> - means port greater than
< - means port less than
None - means the destination port is not
compared
Proto
Protocol used for comparison. Range: 0 to 255.
(decimal format)
Proto Cmpr
Type of comparison that is performed
= - means protocols equal to
not = - means protocols not equal to
> - means protocols greater than
< - means protocols less than
None - means the protocol is not compared
Yes - only when TCP established
No - only when TCP not established
Ignore - ignore TCP flags
TCP Est
Filter Defines /IPX Filter Defines
Write security: 2; Read security: 3
The IPX filter defines apply to any IPX packet whether it is routed or bridged.
Also, any IPX encapsulation type will be accounted for. Up to 32 IPX defines
can be specified.
Name
Src Net
Src Mask
Identifies the filter entry (15 characters max)
32-bit source network address
Bits in the source network address which are
compared. (hexadecimal format)
32-bit destination network address
Bits in the destination network address which
are compared. (hexadecimal format)
16-bit value which is the source socket.
Range is 0-65535.
Dest Net
Dest Mask
Src Socket
Src Socket Comp Type of comparison that is performed:
= - means socket equal to
Not = - means socket not equal to
> - means socket greater than
< - means socket less than
None - no comparison is done on source
socket
Dest Socket
16-bit value which is the destination socket. Range
is 0-65535.
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Dest Socket Comp Type of comparison that is performed:
= - means socket equal to
Not = - means socket not equal to
> - means socket greater than
< - means socket less than
None - no comparison is done on destination
socket
Type
Type Comp
8-bit value which is the IPX type
Type of comparison that is performed:
= - means type equal to
Not = - means type not equal to
> - means type greater than
< - means type less than
None - no comparison is done on IPX type
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Configuration/Connection List
The Express XL/XLT uses the Connection List to specify the profile each user
or group of users are to have when connected. Each profile or item in the Con-
nection List has many configurable parameters giving high flexibility on a per
user basis.
Up to 15 profiles can be defined in the Connection List. Calls cannot be origi-
nated or answered unless a Connection List profile is defined. The Express
XL/XLT factory defaults with one profile called DEFAULT. This profile is
used for any incoming calls when Configuration/Security/Authentication =
None or when the username of the connecting PPP peer is not found in the
Connection List.
To insert a new profile, press the I key when over the Num column. A new inserted
profile will always be set up with the default parameters. To copy parameters from an
old profile to this newly inserted profile, use the copy (C) and paste (P) keys. Entire
configuration trees can be copied with this method.
Figure 3-8 shows the Connection List menu.
Figure 3-8
Configuration/Connection List Screen
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Connection List/Description
Write security: 3; Read security: 4
The description is a text string that identifies the profile.
Connection List/Active
Write security: 3; Read security: 4
When set to Yes (def), this profile is used for authentication and user associa-
tion of incoming calls. Setting to No is the same as deleting the item but allows
the information of the profile to be saved.
To delete an unused profile, use the D key when the cursor is over the number in the
Num column. Once deleted, the profile is gone permanently as soon as the Connection
List is saved. Items may be deleted when DEL appears below the status bar.
Connection List/Authentication
The authentication menu contains the required parameters for the authentica-
tion of the PPP peer and for being authenticated by the PPP peer.
Authentication is applied between the Express XL/XLT and the PPP peer as
follows:
1. The Express XL/XLT as the authenticator:
•
When answering an incoming call:
- Express XL/XLT uses PPP method configured in
Configuration/Security/PPP.
- Authenticatee’s username is looked up in all active
Connection List profiles (Rx Username).
- If found, the Rx Password is used for authenticating.
- If not found, DEFAULT entry’s Rx Password is used if
Rx Username is blank.
When answering a call, the Express XL/XLT does not know who the PPP peer is until
the authentication phase is completed. Two PPP protocols (EAP and CHAP) require
the authenticator to transmit a username which the authenticatee uses to cross refer-
ence the password to use. Since the PPP peer is unknown before the authentication
phase is over, the Express XL/XLT uses the Tx Username in the DEFAULT profile
to identify itself. If Tx Username is blank, Configuration/System Info/System
Name is used. If that is blank, then the word “ADTRAN” is used.
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•
•
When originating an outgoing call:
- Express XL/XLT uses PPP method configured in
Configuration/Security/PPP.
- Authenticatee’s username is compared to profile used to dial.
Authenticating with RADIUS:
- When Configuration/Security/Authentication is set to Radius,
authentication is performed by the RADIUS server.
- The Express XL/XLT uses the DEFAULT Connection List profile
for all other parameters not supported by RADIUS attributes.
- RADIUS attributes currently supported are: framed ip, framed net-
mask, framed ipx network, framed routing, framed compression,
and idle timeout.
2. The Express XL/XLT as the authenticatee:
•
When answering an incoming call:
- If the Configuration/Security/Authentication parameter is set
to None, the DEFAULT profile’s Tx Username and Tx Password
are used by
the Express XL/XLT for authenticating itself.
- If the Configuration/Security/Authentication parameter is set
to Connection List or RADIUS, the Express XL/XLT will wait until
the PPP peer is authenticated before authenticating itself (except
when CHAP or EAP is used). If CHAP or EAP is used, the username
transmitted by the PPP peer’s authentication challenge packet is
looked up in the Connection List. If found, the Express XL/XLT
responds with the profile’s Tx Username and Tx Password
parameters. If not found, the DEFAULT profile’s Tx Username
and Tx Password parameters are used.
•
When originating an outgoing call:
- The dial-out profile Tx Username and Tx Password are used
regardless of the PPP peer’s username received if CHAP or EAP
is used.
Authentication/Tx Method
Write security: 2; Read security: 3
This parameter specifies how the Express XL/XLT is to be authenticated by
the PPP peer. There are four possible selections. See Security/PPP on page 58
for an explanation of the three PPP standard authentication types.
None (def) - The connection will not allow the PPP peer to
authenticate it.
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PAP, CHAP or EAP - The connection can be authenticated
using PAP, CHAP or EAP.
CHAP or EAP - The connection can be authenticated using CHAP
or EAP only.
EAP - The connection will only allow authentication by the peer using EAP.
Authentication/Tx Username
Write security: 1; Read security: 3
This is the username that is used when being authenticated by the PPP peer.
Authentication/Tx Password
Write security: 0; Read security: 1
This is the password or secret that is used when being authenticated by the
PPP peer.
Authentication/Rx Username
Write security: 1; Read security: 3
This is the username that is used to match the user to the Connection List pro-
file. During an incoming call, the Express XL/XLT will scan all active connec-
tion profiles and match the received PPP peer’s username. If the name is not
found, then the DEFAULT profile is used, if and only if the DEFAULT profile
has nothing in the Rx Username parameter. During an outgoing call, this user-
name does not have to match the username reported by the PPP peer.
Authentication/Rx Password
Write security: 0; Read security: 1
This is the password or secret that is used to authenticate the PPP peer. This
is only necessary when Configuration/Security/Authentication = Connec-
tion List.
Authentication/Caller ID
Write security: 1; Read security: 3
Incoming calls can be verified using the ISDN supplied caller identifier when
this is set to Yes. When set to No (def), the caller identifier is not checked.
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Authentication/Call ID 1
Write security: 1; Read security: 3
The caller identification from the ISDN incoming call is compared to this num-
ber, starting from the right digits.
Authentication/Call ID 2
Write security: 1; Read security: 3
The caller identification from the ISDN incoming call is compared to this num-
ber, starting from the right digits.
Connection List/IP
The IP menu contains the parameters for exchanging IP data with the PPP
peer. Static routes can also be created from here for IP dial-on-demand appli-
cations.
IP/Mode
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Setting to On (def) will permit this connection profile to negotiate PPP IPCP
with the PPP peer for exchanging of IP packets.
IP/NAT
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
The Express XL/XLT can perform Network Address Translation. This feature
is most widely used when connecting to the Internet. The Ethernet network
can consist of private network numbers. When this profile is connected, all IP
addresses on the Ethernet side are translated into the one real IP address ne-
gotiated with the PPP peer (ISP). Multiple stations on the Ethernet side can ac-
cess the Internet simultaneously. See the section IP/NAT on page 43 for more
global options. Setting this option to On will cause the Express XL/XLT to
perform NAT. In the Off (def) position, the unit will route across the connec-
tion normally.
IP/Route
The IP parameters are configured in this menu. Adjusting these parameters is
only necessary for certain dial-on-demand applications. Usually the Express XL/XLT
will automatically discover the PPP peer’s networks using PPP IPCP and/or RIP.
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Route/IP/Net
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
The PPP peer’s IP address or network can be set here, if known. Leaving this
at 0.0.0.0 means that the Express XL/XLT will determine the PPP peer’s IP and
network using the PPP IPCP.
Route/Netmask
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This network mask is applied to the IP/NET address for determining the PPP
peer’s network. If left as 0.0.0.0, a standard network mask is used.
Route/Static Route
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When set to Yes (def), the Express XL/XLT will add the network defined
above as an idle route in the IP routing table. When an IP packet is routed to
this idle route, the Express XL/XLT will dial using this profile. When set to
No, an idle route is not placed in the table. This is necessary for dial-on-de-
mand applications and if the probe feature is not used.
Route/Private
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When set to Yes, the Express XL/XLT will not advertise this static route entry.
A setting of No (def) means any static route added for this profile is advertised
using RIP.
Route/Hops
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This value is the metric or number of hops that RIP will use in advertising the
static route. The range is 1 to 16 where 1 is the default. The value 16 is consid-
ered an infinite distance in RIP and is, in effect, poisoning the route.
Route/Force IP
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When set to Yes, the Express XL/XLT will force the PPP peer to use the IP ad-
dress in the IP/Net for this profile as its WAN IP address. Normally this is set
in the No (def) position.
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IP/RIP
The RIP parameters can be adjusted from their defaults under this menu. The
RIP parameters for all WAN connections are set on a per-session basis.
RIP/Mode
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
The Express XL/XLT will perform RIP over the WAN connection when this is
set to On (def).
RIP/Protocol
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
The Express XL/XLT can perform version 1, V1 (def), or version 2, V2, of RIP
on this WAN connection.
RIP/Method
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Split Horizon - Only routes not learned on the WAN connection
are advertised.
Poison Reverse (def) - All routes are advertised, including routes
learned from the WAN connection. These routes are poisoned.
None - All routes are advertised, including routes learned from
the WAN connection. No attempt is made to poison these routes.
RIP/Direction
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Tx and Rx (def)- RIP advertisements are transmitted and listened
to on the WAN connection.
Tx only - RIP advertisements are transmitted and not listened to.
Rx only - RIP advertisements are listened to but not transmitted.
RIP/Triggered
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When set to Yes, only IP RIP updates are sent when the routing table has
changed and learned routes are not “aged.” When set to No (def), updates are
sent periodically.
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When this Connection List entry is disconnected and this parameter is set to
Yes, all routes learned from this WAN connection are retained and their rout-
ing interface is set to idle. This permits dial-on-demand to occur using this
profile for any IP network that might have been advertised by the particular
PPP peer. The idle routes can be flushed or “zombied” from the routing table
if a manual hangup is performed when this WAN connection is not active. See
Dial/Hang Up on page 89. When this Connection List entry is disconnected and
this parameter is set to No (def), routes learned from this session are “zom-
bied” and are not retained.
Connection List/IPX
The IPX menu contains the parameters for exchanging IPX data with the PPP
peer.
IPX/Mode
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Setting to On (def) will permit this connection profile to negotiate PPP IPXCP
with the PPP peer for exchanging of IPX packets.
IPX/Remote Network
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
A non-zero value in this remote network number will allow the Express XL/
XLT to add a route to the PPP peer’s network to the routing table.
The Express XL/XLT normally will treat the WAN network as an unnum-
bered link. This is usually referred to as being a “half-router.” However, a
PPP peer which wants to assign a network address to the WAN link can do so,
in which case the Express XL/XLT will go into “full-router” mode.
IPX/Triggered
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When set to Yes, only IPX RIP and SAP updates are sent when the routing or
service table has changed and learned routes are not “aged.” When set to No
(def), updates are sent periodically based on the RIP and SAP timers set in
Configuration/IPX/RIP Timer and Configuration/IPX/SAP Timer.
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IPX/Retain
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When this Connection List entry is disconnected and this parameter is set to
Yes, all routes learned from this WAN connection are retained and their rout-
ing interface is set to idle. This permits dial-on-demand to occur using this
profile for any IPX network or service that might have been advertised by the
particular PPP peer. The idle routes can be flushed or “zombied” from the
routing table if a manual hangup is performed when this WAN connection is
not active. See Dial /Hang up. When this Connection List entry is disconnect-
ed and this parameter is set to No (def), IPX routes and services learned from
this session are “zombied” and are not retained.
IPX/Type 20 Packets
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
In order for certain protocol implementations, like NetBIOS, to function in the
NetWare environment, routes must allow a broadcast packet to be propagated
throughout the IPX networks. The Type 20 IPX packet is used specifically for
this purpose. This causes special handling of this packet by the Express XL/
XLT. When a router receives this type of packet, it rebroadcasts it across all
interfaces except the one it is received on and includes the network number of
that interface in the data portion of the packet. The IPX Router Specification
from Novell notes that Type 20 packets should not be propagated across slow-
er links with bandwidths of less than 1Mbps (like ISDN). However, when set
to Pass (def), the Express XL/XLT will allow these packets to propagate over
the WAN connection. This facilitates dial-on-demand applications. When set
to Block, all Type 20 packets are not propagated across the WAN connection.
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Connection List/Bridge
The Bridge menu contains the parameters needed for exchanging bridged
Bridge/Mode
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When set to On (def), the Express XL/XLT will attempt to negotiate PPP BCP
with the PPP peer. Bridging can be used even in route mode only if the PPP
peer cannot support certain PPP protocols for that particular routing protocol.
See Bridge/WAN IP Bridge on page 50 and Bridge/WAN IPX Bridge on page 51
for further details.
Connection List/Probe
The Probe feature on the Express XL/XLT is mainly used for allowing a net-
work to have multiple virtual network connections to many destinations using
the single ISDN link. The Express XL/XLT can periodically obtain routing in-
formation from various locations and retain this in the routing tables, thereby
permitting the LAN connection to be aware of the networks at this location.
Probe helps keep route tables updated. When a service or network connection
is required, the Express XL/XLT can demand dial that location. This can be
beneficial for remote IPX workstations that cannot boot up properly without
knowing the IPX services that would be in the Express XL/XLT’s SAP table.
Probe/Active
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When set to Yes, the Express XL/XLT will periodically dial this profiles dial-
out number to get routing and service table updates. The default is No.
Probe/Interval
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the time the Express XL/XLT waits between probes. The value is in
minutes and ranges from 1 to 240. The default is 15 minutes.
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Probe/Update Window
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the time the Express XL/XLT stays connected during a probe. Normal-
ly route and service tables are exchanged immediately after connection. How-
ever, some routers could wait until their regular RIP or SAP time period has
been reached before they advertise their routes or services to the Express XL/
XLT. The value is in seconds and ranges from 5 to 180. The default is 5 seconds
and assumes that a routing update is received upon connection.
Connection List/PPP
The Express XL/XLT supports the IETF standards for the Point-to-Point Pro-
tocol. The PPP state machine running in the Express XL/XLT can be fine-
tuned to support many applications that can be employed. The configurable
items under this menu can be changed from their default values forspecial cases.
PPP/Multilink
Multilink PPP allows the two B-channels to be used together for increased
bandwidth.
Multilink/Mode
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When this item is set to On (def), Multilink PPP is negotiated with the PPP
peer. When Off, the Express XL/XLT will only allow one B-channel for this
connection.
Multilink/Fragment
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When this item is set to Yes (def), the Express XL/XLT will split outgoing
packets greater than 128 bytes into two Multilink fragments and simulta-
neously transmit them one per B-channel. The receiving PPP peer will then re-
assemble them. This decreases the transport delay. However, some legacy
equipment might have trouble handling fragmented packets, in which case
this option should be set to No.
Multilink/BACP
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
The Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol (BACP) and Bandwidth Alloca-
tion Protocol (BAP) are used to enhance Multilink PPP. Together, they allow
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phone numbers to be exchanged when more bandwidth is needed and mem-
ber links to be dropped when bandwidth is to be decreased. When this item
is set to On, BACP is negotiated with the PPP peer. When Off, the Express
XL/XLT will not run BACP/BAP but dynamic bandwidth can still be operat-
ed.
Certain rules for bandwidth-on-demand apply, depending on whether BACP
is negotiated. If BACP is not negotiated, the originator of the call will perform
the dynamic bandwidth adjustments on its own. If BACP is negotiated, the de-
cisions are made on either side but the call is always from the originator.
PPP/Compression
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
The Express XL/XLT uses LZS technology from hi/fnTM (formerly known as
®
STAC) for data compression. The Ascend Communications version of this
compression is also supported. The Express XL/XLT will automatically select
the type of compression. Compression is negotiated when this item is set to
STAC (def). No compression will be attempted when set to None.
PPP/VJ Compression
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When this item is set to On, the Express XL/XLT will perform TCP/IP header
compression known as Van Jacobson compression to the PPP peer. Normally,
this is not necessary over ISDN connections and can be set to Off (def) to dis-
able it.
PPP/Max Config
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This value is the number of unanswered configuration-requests that should be
transmitted before giving up on a call. The possible values are 5, 10 (def), 15
and 20.
PPP/Max Timer
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This value is the number of seconds to wait between unanswered configura-
tion-requests. The possible values are 1 sec, 2 secs (def), 3 secs, 5 secs and 10
secs.
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PPP/Max Failure
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Due to the nature of PPP, configuration options may not be agreed upon be-
tween two PPP peers. This value is the number of configuration-naks that
should occur before an option is configuration-rejected. This allows a connec-
tion to succeed that might otherwise fail. The possible values are 5 (def), 10, 15
and 20.
Connection List/Dial Out
The dialing parameters for establishing this connection are defined under this
menu.
Dial Out/Number 1
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the first number used for dialing up this connection.
Dial Out/Number 2
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the second number used for dialing a second B-channel when adding
bandwidth. If BACP/BAP is negotiated, this number is not necessary. If this
number is not specified and BACP/BAP is not used, the Number 1 number is
re-dialed when adding bandwidth.
Dial Out/Call Type
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
The call type can be configured in four different ways:
Speech - Speech directs the call control software to request a
Mu-law encoded speech circuit as the bearer capability for the
outgoing calls. The speech option is used with an ISDN line
configured for voice service. In some areas, voice service costs
less than data services. A speech call type does not always
guarantee an end-to-end digital connection with some local
and long distance carriers.
Audio - Audio directs the call control software to request a
3.1 kHz audio circuit as the bearer capability for the outgoing
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calls. The audio option is used with an ISDN line configured for
voice service. In some areas, audio service costs less than data
services. An audio call type does guarantee a digital end-to-end
digital connection.
56K - 56K directs the call control software to request a 64 kbps
data circuit that is rate-adapted to 56 kbps. Data 56 kbps is
intended for use in circumstances where interoperability with
Switched 56 service is desired.
64K (def) - The default call type for ISDN service is Data 64 kbps.
This directs the call control software to request an unrestricted
64 kbps circuit.
Dial Out/Redial at 56K
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Selecting Yes (def) causes the Express XL/XLT to re-dial a call at the 56K call
type if a 64K call type was unsuccessful. This will not occur if set to No or if
the original call type was other than 64K.
Dial Out/Delay
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the number of seconds between unsuccessful call attempts made dur-
ing dial-on-demand or during dynamic bandwidth. The range is between 0
and 255, with a default of 15 seconds.
Dial Out/Connection Timeout
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the amount of time the Express XL/XLT waits for a call to be answered
before giving up the attempt. Possible values are 15 secs (def), 30 secs, 1 min,
2 mins and 4 mins.
Dial Out/Attempts
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This value is the number of attempts the Express XL/XLT will make before
giving up on the connection. This is effective for manual dialing or dynamic
bandwidth calls only. The range is from 1 (def) to 255.
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Dial Out/Initial Channels
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the number of B-channels to dial-up on the initial connection. Possible
choices are 1 (def) and 2.
Connection List/Bandwidth
The bandwidth parameters that govern this connection are set here.
Bandwidth/On Demand
The parameters under this menu control the data rates required to change
bandwidth.
Bandwidth/Mode
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When this option is set to On, the Express XL/XLT will apply its bandwidth-
on-demand features for this Connection List profile. If set to Off, none are per-
formed.
Bandwidth/Idle Timeout
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the number of seconds the ISDN line must be idle before hanging up
this connection. A value of 0 (def) means the Express XL/XLT will never drop
the link based on the idle timer. The range is 0 to 255.
Bandwidth/Preempt Time
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
Occasionally an application will require to connect to a different location be-
fore the current connection’s idle timer has timed out. This causes the appli-
cation to have to wait for idle timer before it can use the B-channel. This
preempt time allows the Connection List that is active to be dropped sooner
than the normal idle time. The value ranges from 0 to 255 and is in seconds.
When bandwidth is needed for another application, the idle timer is compared
to this preempt time. If the idle timer is greater, the connection is preempted.
If set to 255 (def), the connection is never preempted. If set to 0, the connection
is disconnected immediately when another application is requested.
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Bandwidth/Upper Threshold
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the percentage of bandwidth that must be at least present on one B-
channel before a second B-channel is added. The range is 0 to 100 and is in per-
centages. The default is 80%, which is equivalent to 51.2 kbps. See the section
Bandwidth/Samples (below) for more information on how the bandwidth rate is
calculated.
Bandwidth/Lower Threshold
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the percentage of maximum bandwidth the bit rate must go below on
two B-channels before one is dropped. The range is 0 to 100 and is in percent-
ages. The default is 30%, which is equivalent to 38.4 kbps. See the section
Bandwidth/Samples (below) for more information on how the bandwidth rate is
calculated.
Bandwidth/Min Channels
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This represents the minimum number of B-channels that must be up for this
Connection List profile. This value ranges from 0 to 2. The default is 0.
Bandwidth/Max Channels
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This represents the maximum number of B-channels this Connection List pro-
file can have. The allowed values are 1 and 2. The default is 2. A value of 1
means that no extra bandwidth can be obtained for this connection.
Bandwidth/Samples
The parameters under this menu control the rate at which the Express XL/XLT
samples the bandwidth on the B-channel(s).
Samples/Sample Rate
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the time between samples used for calculating data rates on the ISDN
call. The value is in seconds and ranges from 1 to 255. The default is 5 seconds.
Samples/Samples
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This is the number of WAN data rate samples taken before a decision to
change bandwidth is performed. The range is 1 (def) to 255 samples.
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Samples/Time Between Changes
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
This value is the minimum time between bandwidth changes for this Connec-
tion List profile. The range is 0 to 255 seconds. The default is 60 seconds.
Connection List/Filters
The Express XL/XLT can block packets in and out of a WAN port by use of the
filters. These filters are set up on a per-Connection List profile basis. They are
set up in two steps: 1) define the types of packets that would be of interest in
the Configuration/Security/Filter Defines menu, and 2) set up the filter type
and combination of defines that will cause a packet block.
Typical example of a filter setup:
Filters/WAN-to-LAN (In)
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The packets which come into the Express XL/XLT can be filtered in three
ways:
Disabled (def) - Turns off packet input filtering. No incoming
packets are blocked.
Block All - All incoming packets from the WAN are blocked
except as defined in the Filters/In Exceptions list.
Forward All - All incoming packets from the WAN are not
blocked except as defined in the Filters/In Exceptions list.
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Filters/In Exceptions
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This is a list of up to 32 filter entries which can be combined using the opera-
tions field. The operations are performed in the order they appear on the list.
Active - Turns this entry active when set to On.
Type - Selects the filter define list to reference:
MAC
Pattern
IP
-
-
-
-
from the Configuration/Security/Filter
Defines/MAC Filter Defines list.
from the Configuration/Security/Filter
Defines/Pattern Filter Defines list.
from the Configuration/Security/Filter
Defines/IP Filter Defines list.
IPX
from the Configuration/Security/Filter
Defines/IPX Filter Defines list.
Filter List Name - Selects between filters defined in the list.
Next Oper - The next operation to use to combine with the next
filter in the list:
END
AND
-
-
the last filter to combination.
logically AND this filter with the next filter
in the list.
logically OR this filter with the next filter in
the list.
OR
-
Filters/LAN-to-WAN (Out)
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The packets which come out toward the WAN from the Express XL/XLT can
be filtered in three ways:
Disabled (def) - Turns off packet output filtering. No outgoing
packets are blocked.
Block All - All outgoing packets to the WAN are blocked except
as defined in the Filters/Out Exceptions list.
Forward All - All outgoing packets to the WAN are not blocked
except as defined in the Filters/Out Exceptions list.
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Filters/Out Exceptions
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This is a list of up to 32 filter entries. The setup is exactly the same as the Filter/
In Exceptions list.
Filters/Demand Dial
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
The demand dial filters have two purposes: 1) cause the Express XL/XLT in
Bridge mode to dial this Connection List profile, and 2) determine which traf-
fic will cause the idle timer to be reset, keeping the connection active. The lat-
ter is used in Bridge or IP/IPX Router mode. The idle timer is a timer in the
Express XL/XLT which continually increments until it reaches the idle time-
out parameters value set in the Connection List, at which point the connection
is hung-up.
When this filter is enabled, direct control can be placed over which packets are
considered as demand and which are ignored. Packets that are ignored cause
a connection not to be dialed and do not reset the idle timer of an active con-
nection. This is especially helpful for bridged connections since bridges can-
not easily distinguish true demand traffic from overhead traffic like certain
broadcast and multicast packets. There are three possible selections for this
parameter:
Disabled (def) - Turns off demand dial filtering. No packets cause
demand dialing for this profile and all outgoing and incoming
packets reset the idle timer.
Ignore All - When connected in any mode (Bridge, IP Router, or
IPX router), the idle timer is reset only when there is a match in
the Filters/Dem Dial Exceptions list. When not connected in
Bridge mode only, causes the Express XL/XLT to dial using this
Connection List profile if there is a match in the Filters/Dem Dial
Exceptions.
Demand All - When connected in any mode (Bridge, IP Router, or
IPX router), the idle timer is always reset except when there is a
match in the Filters/Dem Dial Exceptions list. When not
connected in Bridge mode only, causes the Express XL/XLT to
dial using this Connection List profile if there is NOT a match in
the Filters/Dem Dial Exceptions list.
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Filters/Dem Dial Exceptions
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This is a list of up to 32 filter entries. The setup is exactly the same as the Filter/
In Exceptions list.
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Configuration/Management
The Express XL/XLT can be managed using Telnet, Simple Network Manage-
ment Protocol (SNMP), or the maintenance port. SNMP support is limited to
MIB definitions. See Appendix C on page 139 for a description of the MIBs sup-
ported by the Express XL/XLT. Each of the three methods can be protected us-
ing authentication. Figure 3-9 shows the Configuration/Management menu.
Figure 3-9
Configuration/Management Screen
Management/Telnet
Any telnet client application can bring up a session to the Express XL/XLT’s
Telnet server using the standard telnet TCP port. Only one session is support-
ed at a time. All sessions require a user name and password.
Telnet/Server Access
Write security: 2; Read security: 5
This option must be set to On (def) to access the Express XL/XLT via Telnet.
Turning it Off means that access is denied.
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Telnet/User List
Up to four users can be configured for access to the Express XL/XLT. Each
user can be assigned a privilege and time out.
User List/Name
Write security: 1; Read security: 3
A text string of the user name for this session.
User List/Authen Method
Write security: 1; Read security: 3
The user can be authenticated in two ways:
Password - The Password field is used to authenticate the user.
Radius - The Radius client is used for authenticating the user.
User List/Password
Write security: 0; Read security: 3
When the authenticating method is password, this text string is used for the
password.
User List/Idle Time
Write security: 1; Read security: 3
occurs for this amount of time. The range is 0 to 255 and is in minutes. The
default is 10 minutes, and a setting of 0 will never time out the session. When
a timeout occurs during an edit session, all changes are saved.
User List/Level
Write security: 0; Read security: 1
This is the security level privilege that is assigned for this user. See Security
Levels on page 33 for an explanation of what those levels imply. Level 0 is the
default.
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Management/SNMP
The Express XL/XLT is an SNMP agent. It can respond to Get-Requests and
generate traps. These two lists set up the manager, communities, and levels.
See Appendix C on page 139 for more information on SNMP.
SNMP Access
Write security: 3; Read security: 5
When set to No, SNMP access is denied. When set to On (def), the Express
XL/XLT will respond to SNMP managers based on the following lists.
SNMP/Communities
This list is used to set up to eight SNMP communities names that the Express
XL/XLT will allow. Factory default sets the community “public” with “Get”
privileges.
Communities/Name
Write security: 1; Read security: 3
This is a text string for the community name.
Communities/Privilege
Write security: 1; Read security: 3
The access for this manager can be assigned three levels.
None - No access is allowed for this community or manager.
Get - Manager can only read items.
Get/Set - Manager can read and set items.
Communities/Manager IP
Write security: 1; Read security: 3
This is the IP address of SNMP manager. If set to 0.0.0.0, any SNMP manager
can access the Express XL/XLT for this community.
SNMP/Traps
The Express XL/XLT can generate SNMP traps. See Appendix C on page 139
for trap types supported. This list allows up to four managers to be listed to
receive traps.
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Traps/Manager Name
Write security: 2; Read security: 4
This is the text string describing the name of the entry. It is intended for easy
reference and has no bearing on the SNMP trap function.
Traps/Manager IP
Write security: 2; Read security: 4
This is the IP address of the manager that is to receive the traps.
Management/Maint Port
The Express XL/XLT has an EIA-232 connector on the back of the unit. The
setup for that port is under this menu.
Maint Port/Password Protect
Write security: 0; Read security: 1
When set to No, the maintenance port is not password protected. When On
(def), the Express XL/XLT will prompt for a password upon startup.
Maint Port/Password
Write security: 0; Read security: 1
This is the text string that is used for comparison when password protecting
the maintenance port. By default, no password is entered.
The security level for the maintenance port is always set to 0. This gives full access to
all menus.
Maint Port/Baud Rate
Write security: 5; Read security: 5
This is the asynchronous rate that the maintenance port will run. The possible
values are 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600 (def), 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200.
Maint Port/Data Bits
Write security: 5; Read security: 5
This is the asynchronous bit rate that the maintenance port will run. The pos-
sible values are 7 or 8 (def) bits.
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Maint Port/Parity
Write security: 5; Read security: 5
This is the asynchronous parity that the maintenance port will run. The possi-
ble values are None (def), Odd, or Even.
Maint Port/Stop Bits
Write security:5; Read security:5
This is the stop bit used for the maintenance port. The possible values are 1
(def), 1.5 or 2.
Configuration/Terminal Mode
This is an activator which places the Express XL/XLT terminal session into a
command prompt mode. All menu options are accessible during this mode.
See Appendix E on page 145 for the command structure and command list.
Type exit to leave the terminal mode and return to the menus.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
DIAL MENU
The Dial menu is used for dialing the Connection List profile setup under Con-
figuration/Connection List and for checking the status of each Connection
List. This list is in the same order as the Connection List entries. Figure 3-10
shows the Dial menu.
Figure 3-10
Dial Screen
Dial/Description
Read security: 5
This read-only field is the name entered for the profile under Configuration/
Connection List/Description.
Dial/Dial
Write security: 4; Read security: 5
This is an activator used for dialing the phone numbers in the profile. Place
the cursor over the field and press Enter to activate the dialing function.
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Dial/Hang Up
Write security: 4; Read security: 5
This is an activator used for hanging up a Connection List entry. It also re-
moves retained routes from the IP and IPX routing tables when the call is not
connected. Place the cursor over the field and press Enter to activate the hang
up function.
Dial/Status
Read security: 5
This reflects the current status of the call:
No call - No call is active for this Connection List profile.
Connecting - Outgoing call is being placed for this profile.
Ringing - Incoming call is being answered with this profile.
PPP negotiating - Call is connected and is bringing up PPP.
Active - A session with this profile is active.
Dial/Channels
Read security: 5
This is the number of B-channels being used for this call.
Dial/Number 1
Read security: 5
This read-only field is the number entered for the profile under Configura-
tion/Connection List/Dial Out/Number 1.
Dial/Number 2
Read security: 5
This read-only field is the number entered for the profile under Configura-
tion/Connection List/Dial Out/Number 2.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
STATUS MENU
The Express XL/XLT’s Status menu contains comprehensive status and diag-
nostic information used in verifying configuration and identifying problems.
The menus are divided into protocol types and sessions. Figure 3-11 shows
the Status menu.
Figure 3-11
Status Screen
Status/Call Sessions
This menu contains the current status of all dial-in sessions and spanning tree
ports.
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Call Sessions/Session1 and Call Sessions/Session2
Read security: 5
The Express XL/XLT can support up to two active connections at one time.
These two menus reflect the results of PPP negotiations, user name, time con-
nected, idle timer, and data rates for the session.
PPP Links - Reflects LCP layers active
BCP - Shows UP if PPP Bridge Control Protocol has negotiated
successfully
IPCP - Shows UP if PPP IP Control Protocol has negotiated
successfully
IPXCP - Shows UP if PPP IPX Control Protocol has negotiated
successfully
CCP - Shows UP if PPP Compression Control Protocol has negotiated
successfully
BACP - Shows UP if PPP Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol has
negotiated successfully
User - Displays the user name of the PPP peer
Number(s) - Shows the phone number dialed if outgoing call or caller
ID if incoming call.
Connect Time - Shows the date and time when the call last connected.
Up Time - Displays how long the call has been connected.
Idle Timer - Current value of the idle timer (number of seconds since
filtered packet was passed through).
Tx Pkts - Number of packets transmitted
Rx Pkts - Number of packets received
Tx Bytes - Number of bytes transmitted
Rx Bytes - Number of bytes received
Tx Rate - Current application data transmission rate
Rx Rate - Current application data reception rate
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Tx Link Rate - Current actual data transmission rate
Rx Link Rate - Current actual data reception rate
Tx Comp Ratio - Current transmission compression ratio
Rx Comp Ratio - Current reception compression ratio
Call Sessions/Spanning Tree
Read security: 5
When Bridge mode and Spanning Tree mode are active, this reflects the cur-
rent state of the LAN and WAN ports. The following can appear:
Off - Appears when spanning tree mode is disabled
Disabled - Port is not connected (for WAN) or disabled in
configuration
Listening - Port is in the listening state
Learning - Port is in the learning state
Forwarding - Port is in the forwarding state with the following
possible properties:
root - is the root port
designated - is designated port
Blocking - Port is in the blocked
Status/ARP Cache
Read security: 5
This lists the contents of the Express XL/XLT’s ARP table. All resolved cache
entries time out after 20 minutes. Unresolved entries time out in 3 minutes.
ARP Cache/IP Address - IP address used for resolving MAC address
ARP Cache /MAC Address - Ethernet address resolved
(0=no resolution)
ARP Cache/Time - Minutes since entry was first entered
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Status/Bridge Table
Read security: 5
This lists the contents of the Express XL/XLT’s bridge table.
Bridge Cache/MAC Address - Ethernet address for device learned
Bridge Cache/Port - Port device learned from: LAN, WAN0, or WAN1
Bridge Cache/TTL - Seconds until address is removed from table
Status/IP Routes
Read security: 5
This lists the contents of the Express XL/XLT’s IP router table.
IP Routes /IP Address - Network or host destination address
IP Routes /Netmask - Network mask applied to the destination
address
IP Routes /Gateway - Host or router to receive this packet
IP Routes /Port - Port gateway is located on:
local - sent directly to the Express XL/XLT router
eth0 - Express XL/XLT’s ethernet port
wan0 - Express XL/XLT’s first PPP bundle
wan1 - Express XL/XLT’s second PPP bundle
idle - non-connected or “spoofed” route used for dial-on-demand
IP Routes /Use - Number of times the Express XL/XLT has
referenced the route
IP Routes/Flags - Important tags associated with this route entry
H - route is a host route
G - route is a gateway route
D - route learned dynamically from RIP
I - route learned from an ICMP redirect
P - route is private and is not advertised with RIP
T - route is to a triggered port (updates only when table changes)
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IP Routes/Hops - Number of routers that must go through to get
to destination. Ranges from 0-15 or 16 for infinite (can’t get
there from here).
IP Routes/TTL - Seconds until address is removed from table or
“zombied.” Value of 999 means route is static.
Status/IPX Routes
Read security: 5
This lists the contents of the Express XL/XLT’s IPX router table.
IPX Routes /Network - Network destination address
IPX Routes /Gateway - Node or Ethernet address of gateway to
receive this packet
IPX Routes /Port - Port gateway is located on:
local - sent directly to the Express XL/XLT router
eth0 - Express XL/XLT’s ethernet port
wan0 - Express XL/XLT’s first PPP bundle
wan1 - Express XL/XLT’s second PPP bundle
idle - non-connected or “spoofed” route used for dial-on-demand
IPX Routes /Use - Number of times the Express XL/XLT has
referenced the route
IPX Routes/Hops - Number of routers that must go through to get to
destination. Ranges from 0-15 or 16 for infinite (can’t get there
from here).
IPX Routes/Ticks - Router determined value for representing time
packets take to reach the network destination. One tick is equivalent
to one-eighteenth of a second.
IPX Routes/TTL - Seconds until address is removed from table.
Value of 999 means route is static.
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Status/IPX Servers
Read security: 5
This lists the contents of the Express XL/XLT’s IPX server table.
IPX Servers/Type - The server type
IPX Servers/Name - The server name
IPX Servers/Network - The server network address
IPX Servers /Address - The servers node address
IPX Servers/Socket - The servers socket address
IPX Servers/Hops - Number of routers that must go through to get to
server. Ranges from 0-15 or 16 for infinite.
IPX Servers/TTL - Seconds until address is removed from table.
Value of 999 means server is static.
Status/WAN Stats
Read security: 5
This menu contains generic WAN statistics on both B-channel HDLC hard-
ware ports.
HDLC Port 1
Tx Bytes - total number of raw bytes sent out HDLC port 1
Rx Bytes - total number of raw bytes received in HDLC port 1
Rx CRCs - total number of CRC errors detected on HDLC port 1
HDLC Port 2
Tx Bytes - total number of raw bytes sent out HDLC port 2
Rx Bytes - total number of raw bytes received in HDLC port 2
Rx CRCs - total number of CRC errors detected on HDLC port 2
Clear Counts - When activated, clears all WAN stat counts
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Status/LAN Stats
Read security: 5
This menu contains statistics for the Ethernet port.
Tx Packets - Packets transmitted out the Ethernet port
Rx Packets - Packets received from the Ethernet port
Tx Errors - Total transmit errors encountered on Ethernet port
Single Collisions - total single collisions before successful
transmission
Multiple Collisions - total multiple collisions before successful
transmission
Excessive Collisions - total collisions that resulted in packet being
dropped
Deferred Transmissions - total packets deferred due to collisions
Carrier Sense Errors - total carrier sense errors encountered (no
link integrity)
Rx Errors - Total packets received in error and dropped
CRCs - total packets detected with CRC errors
Giants - total packets received that were greater than 1518 bytes
Runts - total packets received that were less than 64 bytes
Rx Collisions - total collision occurred during reception
Clear Counts - When activated, clears all LAN Stat counts.
Status/IP Stats
Read security: 5
This menu contains IP statistics that can be useful when diagnosing problems.
All are taken from the SNMP MIB-2 variables.
TCP failed attempts
TCP passive connections
TCP current connections
TCP segments sent
TCP segments received
Total TCP resets
Active TCP connections
Total TCP retransmits
UDP datagrams sent
No application at dest. port
UDP datagrams received
UDP bad packets
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ICMP redirected messages
ICMP packet errors
ICMP timeouts received
ICMP messages sent
ICMP messages received
ICMP specif if errors
IP datagrams reassembled
IP datagrams sent
IP datagrams received
Total forwarded datagrams
IP reassembly timeout
Discarded routing entries
Total IP fragments
Failed fragments
IP reassembly failures
Disassembled fragments
Errorfree discards
Routeless discards
Default TTL
Bad IP addresses
Successful fragments
Bad header packets
Sent datagrams to upper layers
Datagrams discarded
Bad protocol discards
Clear Counts - clears all IP stats
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
TEST MENU
The Express XL/XLT’s Test menu contains built in tests that can be used to di-
agnose problems. Figure 3-12 shows the Test menu screen.
Figure 3-12
Test Screen
The following tests can be run:
Test Menu/Echo Request
Write security: 4, Read security: 5
When activated, the echo request test will begin sending continuous PPP echo
request packets to any open LCP ports. Results are displayed on the screen.
At least one PPP session must be up.
Test Menu/Dial Self
Write security: 4, Read security: 5
The dial self-test can be activated to check the ISDN parameters set under the
Configuration/WAN/ISDN menu. This test starts the Express XL/XLT dial-
ing itself using the configured LDN numbers. Once a connection is estab-
lished, it will send PPP echo request until the test is terminated. Any error or
success messages will appear on the screen.
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LOGS MENU
The Logs menu contain logs displaying important information about the run-
ning condition of the Express XL/XLT. The logs can be set to capture diagnos-
tics of error conditions only by way of a log level. The levels are divided up as
follows:
level 0 - Fatal event (causes reset)
level 1 - Critical event
level 2 - Error event
level 3 - Warning event
level 4 - Notify event
level 5 - Informational event
level 6 - Debugging event
Figure 3-13 shows the Logs menu. The three logs available are listed after the figure.
Figure 3-13
Logs Screen
Logs/Sys log Host
Set this to the IP address or domain name (if DNS configured) of the sys log
host device. All log events are sent to this device.
Logs/PPP Log
Information pertaining to the PPP negotiation and authentication will be logged here.
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PPP Log/Active
When set to Yes (def), PPP events below or equal the log level are logged into
the log.
PPP Log/Wrap
When set to Yes (def), new PPP events will overwrite old PPP events when the
log is full. All logging will stop when the log is full and set to No.
PPP Log/Level
In order to log events, they must be at or below this level. Range is 0 to 6. The
default is 3.
PPP Log/View
This menu displays the log list. The fields are as follows:
Date/Time - Date and time event occurred.
Level - Level associated with this event (0-6).
Message - Text message for this event. If message is too long to fit
on the line, another event appears below it continuing the message.
PPP Log/Clear
This clears the log when activated.
Logs/Call Log
Information pertaining to the call placement and answering over the ISDN
link.
Call Log/Active
When set to Yes (def), call events below or equal the log level are logged into
the log.
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Call Log/Wrap
When set to Yes (def), new Call events will overwrite old Call events when the
log is full. All logging will stop when the log is full and set to No.
Call Log/Level
In order to log events, they must be at or below this level. Range is 0 to 6. The
default is 3.
Call Log/View
This menu displays the log list. The fields are as follows:
Date/Time - Date and time event occurred.
Level - Level associated with this event (0-6).
Message - Text message for this event. If message is too long to fit
on the line, another event appears below it continuing the message.
Call Log/Clear
This clears the log when activated.
Logs/Network Log
Information pertaining to the routing protocols is placed in this log.
Network Log/Active
When set to Yes (def), call events below or equal the log level are logged into
the log.
Network Log/Wrap
When set to Yes (def), new Network events will overwrite old Network events
when the log is full. All logging will stop when the log is full and set to No.
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Network Log/Level
In order to log events, they must be at or below this level. Range is 0 to 6. The
default is 3.
Network Log/View
This menu displays the log list. The fields are as follows:
Date/Time - Date and time event occurred.
Level - Level associated with this event (0-6).
Message - Text message for this event. If message is too long to fit
on the line, another event appears below it continuing the message.
Network Log/Clear
This clears the log when activated.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure
UTILITIES MENU
TheExpressXL/XLThas utilities embedded inittohelpin managingandtesting the
network and to facilitate software upgrades. Figure 3-14 shows the Utilities menu.
Figure 3-14
Utilities Screen
Utilities/Ping
Write security: 4; Read security: 5
The ping menu is used to send ICMP ping messages to hosts. The following
items are under the this menu:
Start/Stop - Activator to start and cancel a ping test.
Host Address - IP address or domain name (if DNS is configured)
of device to receive the ping
Size - Total size of ping to send. Range is 40 (def) to 1500 bytes.
# of Packets- Total packets to send every two seconds
# of Transmits- Total packets sent (read only)
# of Receives- Total packets received (read only)
% Loss - Percentage loss based on ping returned form host (read only)
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Utilities/Telnet Client
Write security: 4; Read security: 5
The Telnet menu can be used to activate the telnet client function in the Ex-
press XL/XLT.
Host - IP address or domain name (if DNS is configured) of telnet
server.
Activate - Starts telnet client function. The key combination Control ]
cancels the session.
Utilities/Upgrade Menu
Write security: 2; Read security: 3
The Express XL/XLT’s firmware can be upgraded using this menu.
Upgrade/Transfer Method
The two methods for upgrading are TFTP and XMODEM. TFTP requires a
TFTP server running somewhere on the network. The Express XL/XLT starts
a TFTP client function which gets the upgrade code from the TFTP server. Se-
lecting XMODEM will load the upgrade code through the maintenance port
using any PC terminal emulator with xmodem capability.
Upgrade/TFTP Host
This is required when the transfer method is TFTP. It is the IP address or do-
main name (if DNS is configured) of the TFTP server.
Upgrade/Filename
This is required when the transfer method is TFTP. It is the case-sensitive file
name which is the upgrade code.
Upgrade/Status
This appears when TFTP is used. It displays the status of the transfer as it hap-
pens. Any error or success message will be displayed here.
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Upgrade/Start Transfer
This activator is used when the configurable items in this menu are complete.
Once started, the Express XL/XLT will prompt for erasing the flash. When the flash
is erased and the upgrade transfer fails, do not turn off the unit. Retry the transfer
until successful. Otherwise, if power is removed before upgrade has finished, the up-
grade will have to occur from the maintenance port using XMODEM. If this happens,
set a PC terminal emulation program to 9600 baud and attach to the Express XL/
XLT’s maintenance port. Press Return to display a simple terminal menu for upgrad-
ing. This menu appears when the flash code has been erased or is corrupt. The menu
will also appear if you power up and hold down the SELECT key for at least five sec-
onds.
Upgrade/Abort Transfer
Use this activator to cancel any TFTP transfer in progress.
Upgrade/TFTP Server
Setting this to Yes allows another Express XL/XLT to upgrade its code using
TFTP client. This, in effect, turns on the Express XL/XLT TFTP server func-
tion and allows its code to be “cloned.” Setting to No (def) will deny any re-
quest from TFTP clients.
Utilities/Exit
Write security: 5; Read security: 5
Activating this feature will exit the terminal session from the maintenance port
or telnet. It is equivalent to the key combination Control L.
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Chapter 4
Troubleshooting
When the Express XL/XLT powers up, it performs an internal self-test. This
takes about 10 seconds. At the end of the test, the PWR LED should remain on.
IF SELF-TEST FAILS
If the PWR LED is not on or continuously flashes, the following steps will ver-
ify whether or not the problem can be fixed locally.
1. Ensure the Express XL/XLT is receiving power.
2. Power off the Express XL/XLT while holding down SELECT and TEST;
then power back up. This will reset all internal settings to their factory de-
fault.
3. Continue holding the SELECT and TEST buttons until the Loop LED
flashes once.
4. If the Express XL/XLT still does not pass self-test, call ADTRAN Technical
Support for assistance. See the inside back cover of this manual for infor-
mation on contacting ADTRAN.
IF THE EXPRESS XL/XLT DOES NOT READ READY
When the Express XL/XLT has been set up and connected to a line, but the
Loop LED does not remain on after a few minutes, proceed with the following
steps:
1. Cycle power on the Express XL/XLT, leaving it off for a minimum of two
seconds; then turn the power on for one minute to ensure the Loop LED
still doesn’t turn on.
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Chapter 4: Troubleshooting
2. Disconnect the Express XL/XLT. From a functioning voice phone, call the
local directory number(s) provided with your line. Calling a good ISDN
line with nothing connected usually results in a ring or fast busy tone. If
someone answers, or you get a not-in-service intercept, there is probably
something wrong with the translation of the line. The phone service pro-
vider should be able to help.
3. If the Loop LED still remains off, then there is a physical problem with the
phone line (more than likely, a problem with the Layer 1 setup). The prob-
lem is in one or more of the places listed below:
•
•
•
•
•
•
The Express XL/XLT software setup
The Express XL/XLT hardware
The wiring on your premises
The telephone service provider’s wiring
The telephone service provider’s hardware
The telephone service provider’s software setup
To isolate the problem, perform the following procedure:
A. Ensure the line is plugged into the Express XL/XLT con-
nector marked ISDN BRI U on the back of the Express
XL/XLT.
B. Make sure the Express XL/XLT is configured for Dial
line service.
C. If possible, try another piece of functioning ISDN equip-
ment with a U-interface on the line.
D. Talk to your service provider and ensure you have an
ISDN Basic Rate U-Interface with 2B1Q line coding.
(Wrong options are an S or T interface or AMI line cod-
ing).
E. Ensure that your phone line is connected to the actual
telephone line (U-interface) provided by your telephone
company. Make sure your line is not connected through
another piece of equipment such as an NT1 in a wiring
closet.
F. Make sure nothing else is bridged across the line pair.
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G. With a minimum of extra wiring, try connecting to the
line pair at the point where the service provider’s wiring
ends.
H. With the Express XL/XLT connected to the line and pow-
ered up, talk to your service provider’s repair group and
inform them that your ISDN basic rate line has a physical
Layer 1 problem. Ask them to check the line. Tell them
that you have an NT1-like device at the end of the line.
4. If the Loop Status in the Express XL/XLT Status menu continuously reads
Getting TEI #1, then the Express XL/XLT is physically connected to your
local telephone service provider but is unable to establish logical layer 2.
The problem is in one or more of the places listed below:
•
•
•
The Express XL/XLT software setup
The telephone service provider’s software setup
Hardware configuration, if the line is extended from the switch
To isolate the problem, perform the following procedure:
A. Ensure the Express XL/XLT is setup for the correct switch
type.
B. Ensure the quality of your line is satisfactory by checking
for near and far end block errors (NEBEs and FEBEs). If
the counts are non-zero, there may be a physical link
problem as described in step 3.
C. If possible, try another piece of functioning ISDN equip-
ment with a U-interface on the line.
D. With the Express XL/XLT connected to the line and pow-
ered up, talk to your service provider’s repair group and
tell them you have an ISDN basic rate line that appears
physically okay but has no terminal endpoint identifier
(TEI). Ask them to check the line translation and ensure
that the line supports dynamic TEI allocation. Tell them
that you have an NT1 and terminal adapter device con-
nected to the line.
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5. If the Loop Status in the Express XL/XLT Status menu continuously reads
Register SPID #1, then the Express XL/XLT is physically connected to
your local telephone service provider and has established logical layer 2.
The Express XL/XLT is unable to establish layer 3. The problem is in one
or both of the following places:
•
•
The Express XL/XLT software setup
The telephone service provider’s software setup
To isolate the problem, perform the following procedure:
A. Ensure the Express XL/XLT is set up for the correct
switch type.
B. Make sure the line is multipoint.
C. Make sure the Express XL/XLT is set up with the correct
SPID and LDN. For example:
SPID1 = 20572270460101
SPID2 = 20572270470101
LDN 1 = 7227046
LDN 2 = 7227047
D. If possible, try another piece of functioning ISDN equip-
ment with a U-interface on the line.
E. With the Express XL/XLT connected to the line and pow-
ered up, talk to your service provider’s repair group and
tell them you have an ISDN basic rate line that appears
physically okay but is unable to register its SPID(s). Ask
them to check the line translation, ensure the line sup-
ports dynamic TEI allocation, and verify the SPIDs. Tell
them that you have an NT1 and terminal adapter device
connected to the line.
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6. If the Loop Status in the Express XL/XLT Status menu continuously reads
Getting TEI #2, the Express XL/XLT has completely initialized the first
phone number but is unable to establish logical layer 2 for the second
phone number. The problem is in one or both of the following places:
•
•
The Express XL/XLT software setup
The telephone service provider’s software setup
To isolate the problem, perform the following procedure:
A. Ensure the line is multipoint with two phone numbers.
B. Ensure that the Express XL/XLT is set up with the correct
SPID and LDN. For example:
SPID1 = 20572270460101
SPID2 = 20572270470101
LDN 1 = 7227046
LDN 2 = 7227047
C. Try swapping SPID1 with SPID2 and LDN1 with LDN2.
Determine if the problem is the second phone number or
the quantity of phone numbers.
D. If possible, try another piece of functioning ISDN equip-
ment with a U-interface on the line.
E. With the Express XL/XLT connected to the line and pow-
ered up, talk to your service provider’s repair group and
tell them you have an ISDN basic rate line that appears
physically okay but is unable to register its SPID(s). Ask
them to check the line translation, ensure the line sup-
ports dynamic TEI allocation, and verify the SPIDs. Tell
them that you have an NT1 and terminal adapter device
connected to the line.
7. If the Loop Status in the Express XL/XLT Status Menu continuously reads
Register SPID #2, the Express XL/XLT has completely initialized the first
phone number but is unable to establish logical layer 3 for the second
phone number. The problem is in one or both of the following places:
•
•
The Express XL/XLT software setup
The telephone service provider’s software setup
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To isolate the problem, perform the following procedure:
A. Ensure the line is multipoint with two phone numbers.
B. Ensure that the Express XL/XLT is set up with the correct
SPID and LDN. For example:
SPID1 = 20572270460101
SPID2 = 20572270470101
LDN 1 = 7227046
LDN 2 = 7227047
C. Try swapping SPID1 with SPID2 and LDN1 with LDN2.
Determine if the problem is with the second phone num-
ber or the quantity of phone numbers.
D. If possible, try another piece of functioning ISDN equip-
ment with a U-interface on the line.
E. With the Express XL/XLT connected to the line and pow-
ered up, talk to your service provider’s repair group and
tell them you have an ISDN basic rate line that appears
physically okay but is unable to register its SPIDs. Ask
them to check the line translation, ensure the line sup-
ports dynamic TEI allocation, and verify the SPIDs. Tell
them that you have an NT1 and terminal adapter device
connected to the line.
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Chapter 4: Troubleshooting
IF YOU ARE UNABLE TO CONNECT CALLS
See Table 4-A for corrective actions if you cannot connect calls.
Table 4-A
Troubleshooting Calls
Condition
The Loop LED remains on, but Most likely a problem exists in the software setup (translation) at the
calls cannot be placed. CO switch, or the network setup in the Express XL.
Corrective Action
Local voice calls can be trans- The line is probably not set up to support data calls.
mitted, but data calls to the
same exchange cannot.
Local data calls go through,
but long distance data calls
do not.
Ensure the far end is working. If not already doing so, place the call
explicitly specifying the prefix of the long distance service (for exam-
ple, 10288 for AT&T). If this does not work, then most likely the
problem is that the long distance service provider is not providing
long distance access.
Single B-channel calls can be There is most likely a problem in the software setup (translation) at the
made, but two B-channel calls CO switch, or the network setup in the Express XL.
cannot.
If the line has two phone numbers, make sure the second SPID and
LDN are entered correctly in SPID2 and LDN2 in the Express XL.
Check with the local service provider to ensure that the line supports
two data calls. The Express XL status log buffer shows what sequence
of events occurred. What you need to know is which piece of equip-
ment first caused the Multilink PPP process to terminate. The status
logs from both ends may be necessary to determine this.
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Chapter 5
Specifications
SPECIFICATIONS AND FEATURES
This section describes the standard specifications and features incorporated in
the Express XL/XLT.
Network Interface
RJ-45 for ISDN Basic Rate U-Interface or RJ-45 for leased 2B1Q service.
Ethernet Interface (LAN)
Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 10BaseT.
Switch Compatibility
•
•
•
AT&T 5ESS
NTI DMS-100
National ISDN-1
POTS Interface
•
•
•
•
•
Maximum REN = 4
Caller ID
Ringing Signal Amplitude = 185 Vp-p (+/- 5V)
Ringing Signal Frequency = 20 Hz (+/- 3 Hz)
Supports 3 phones
(18 mA loop current each) at 1,000 ft, 24 AWG
Supports 2 phones
(26 mA loop current each) at 1,000 ft, 24 AWG
Supports 1 phone
(49 mA loop current each) at 1,000 ft, 24 AWG
Supports 4 phones
(14 mA loop current each) at 600 ft, 24 AWG
Supports 3 phones
•
•
•
•
(18 mA loop current each) at 600 ft, 24 AWG
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•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Supports 2 phones
(27 mA loop current each) at 600 ft, 24 AWG
Supports 5 phones
(12 mA loop current each) at 300 ft, 24 AWG
Supports 4 phones
(15 mA loop current each) at 300 ft, 24 AWG
Supports 3 phones
(19 mA loop current each) at 300 ft, 24 AWG
Supports 2 phones
(28 mA loop current each) at 300 ft, 24 AWG
Supports 1 phone
(53 mA loop current each) at 300 ft, 24 AWG
Supports 5 phones
(12 mA loop current each) at 100 ft, 24 AWG
Supports 4 phones
(15 mA loop current each) at 100 ft, 24 AWG
Supports 3 phones
(20 mA loop current each) at 100 ft, 24 AWG
Supports 5 phones (13 mA loop current each) at 8 ft, 24 AWG
Supports 4 phones (16 mA loop current each) at 8 ft, 24 AWG
Supports 3 phones (21 mA loop current each) at 8 ft, 24 AWG
•
•
•
Display
Available through terminal interface or Telnet session
Environmental
•
•
•
Operating Temperature: 0 - 50 °C
Storage Temperature: 20 - 70 °C
Relative Humidity: Up to 95% non-condensing
Physical
•
•
Dimensions: 1-9/16" H x 6-1/2" W x 8-1/4" D
Weight: 2.5 lbs
Power
120 VAC, 60 Hz, 7.5 W typical dissipation with POTS
•
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Appendix A
Loop Status Messages
The Express XL/XLT displays current loop status of the ISDN on the bottom
center line of the terminal screen. The following messages are defined:
AT&T-5ESS Ready
The ISDN link layers 1 through 3 are up against an AT&T 5E switch and is
ready for calls.
AutoSpid Download
The Express XL/XLT is performing the Lucent SPID download feature.
AutoSpid X
A SPID is being attempted by ExpertISDN. X starts at 0 and counts up for each
SPID format.
CALL <number>
The Express XL/XLT is dialing the number.
Call Connect B1
Bearer channel B1 is active with a call.
Call Connect B2
Bearer channel B2 is active with a call.
Call Connect B1/B2
Bearer channels B1 and B2 are active with a call.
Connected 64K/2X64K/128K/144K
When the Express XL/XLT is in leased mode, this will appear when the link’s
layer 1 is up. The rate is determined by what it is configured for under Con-
figuration/WAN/ISDN/Leased/Rate.
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Appendix A: Loop Status Messages
DISCONNECTING
A call is in the process of being disconnected.
DMS-100 Ready
The ISDN link layers 1 through 3 are up against a Nortel DMS-100 switch and
is ready for calls.
Echo: Tx: X Rx: Y
The current transmit and receive count for the PPP echo request test.
Getting TEI #1
The Express XL/XLT’s ISDN layer 1 is up and is now getting the first TEI from
the ISDN network.
Getting TEI #2
The Express XL/XLT’s ISDN layer 1 is up and one TEI is obtained. It is now
getting the second TEI from the ISDN network.
ISDN-1 Ready
The ISDN link layers 1 through 3 are up against a switch running the ISDN-1
protocol and is ready for calls.
Layer 1 up
The Express XL/XLT’s ISDN layer 1 is up.
Link down
The ISDN link is not synchronized.
Link In Sync
The ISDN link is synchronized but layer 1 is not up.
NET EOC LOOPBACK
Express XL/XLT has received an ISDN EOC loopback command from the
switch.
Register SPID #1
The Express XL/XLT’s ISDN layer 1 and 2 is up and is now registering SPID 1
with the ISDN network.
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Register SPID #1
The Express XL/XLT’s ISDN layer 1 and 2 is up and is now registering SPID 2
with the ISDN network.
RINGING
An incoming call is ringing.
B1 and B2 Bearer Channel Status Messages
56K
Connected at 56K call type.
64K
Connected at 64K call type.
Audio
Connected at audio call type.
Dialing
Dialing out.
Holding
Connection is on hold.
Idle
No call up.
Speech
Connected at speech call type.
Release
Call being hung up.
Retriv
Held call being retrieved.
Ringing
Incoming call.
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Appendix A: Loop Status Messages
Routing
Incoming call state in transition .
Waiting
Call is between states or waiting for switch.
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Appendix B
Log Messages
The Express XL/XLT Logs menu contains messages of events that occur. The
definitions for some of those log messages are as follows:
PPP Log Messages
B-Channels bundled
level 5
Both B-channels are bundled under multilink PPP going to a single PPP peer.
BACP <X> down
level 5
Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol port <X> has been dropped between
Express XL/XLT and PPP peer.
BACP <X> up
level 5
Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol port <X> has been successfully nego-
tiated between Express XL/XLT and PPP peer.
BCP <X> down
level 5
Bridge Control Protocol port <X> has been dropped between Express XL/XLT
and PPP peer.
BCP <X> up
level 5
Bridge Control Protocol port <X> has been successfully negotiated between
Express XL/XLT and PPP peer.
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Appendix B: Log Messages
Can't find user profile
level 2
The Express XL/XLT could not find an appropriate user profile for an incom-
ing call. Make sure that a profile has been entered under Configuration/Con-
nection List or that a default profile exists. A default profile is one which has
the name DEFAULT in the description field.
CCP <X> down
level 5
Compression Control Protocol port <X> has been dropped between Express
XL/XLT and PPP peer.
CCP <X> up
level 5
Compression Control Protocol port <X> has been successfully negotiated be-
tween Express XL/XLT and PPP peer.
CHAP authen failed
level 3
The PPP peer has rejected the Express XL/XLT’s username and/or password
used for authenticating. Check to make sure the Configuration/Connection
List/Authentication parameters Tx Method, Tx Username, and Tx Password
are correct.
EAP authen failed
level 3
The PPP peer has rejected the Express XL/XLT’s username and/or password
used for authenticating. Check to make sure the Configuration/Connection
List/Authentication parameters Tx Method, Tx Username, and Tx Password
are correct.
IPCP <X> down
level 5
IP Control Protocol port <X> has been dropped between Express XL/XLT and
PPP peer.
IPCP <X> up
level 5
IP Control Protocol port <X> has been successfully negotiated between Ex-
press XL/XLT and PPP peer.
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Appendix B: Log Messages
IPXCP <X> down
level 5
IPX Control Protocol port <X> has been dropped between Express XL/XLT
and PPP peer.
IPXCP <X> up
level 5
IPX Control Protocol port <X> has been successfully negotiated between Ex-
press XL/XLT and PPP peer.
LCP <X> down
level 5
Link Control Protocol port <X> has been dropped between Express XL/XLT
and PPP peer.
LCP <X> up
level 5
Link Control Protocol port <X> has been successfully negotiated between Ex-
press XL/XLT and PPP peer.
Link is looped back
level 3
The Express XL/XLT has dialed a location which is looping back all data. Es-
sentially, it has negotiated PPP with itself.
MP options not the same
level 2
It is required that when LCP links are bundled that specific PPP options (MR-
RU and short sequence header format) be negotiated the same for all LCP
links. This message occurs when those options mismatch. Probably due to
misconfiguration of the PPP peer
Negot not converging
level 2
Negotiation of the LCP layer is unattainable due to misconfiguration or the Ex-
press XL/XLT or PPP peer is requiring authentication and the other is refus-
ing.
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Appendix B: Log Messages
No IP addr for peer
level 2
The Express XL/XLT cannot continue the connection because there was no IP
address received from the PPP peer or it was not set in Configuration/Con-
nection List/IP/Route/IP/Net parameter.
No more bundles avail
level 3
The Express XL/XLT cannot bundle more than two Multilink sessions at one
time.
No Response from peer
level 2
The Express XL/XLT has dialed or answered a call and no PPP negotiation
packets were seen.
PAP authen failed
level 3
The PPP peer has rejected the Express XL/XLT’s username and/or password
used for authenticating. Check to make sure the Configuration/Connection
List/Authentication parameters Tx Method, Tx Username, and Tx Password
are correct.
Peer failed CHAP authen
level 3
The PPP peer’s reported CHAP username and/or password does not match
the Express XL/XLT’s parameters. This is most likely caused by PPP peer
sending an incorrect username and/or password. Make sure the Configura-
tion/Connection List/Authentication parameters Rx Username and Rx Pass-
word are correctly entered. Also, if using RADIUS, check that the server is
configured and running properly.
Peer failed EAP authen
level 3
The PPP peer’s reported EAP username and/or password does not match the
Express XL/XLT’s parameters. This is most likely caused by PPP peer sending
incorrect username and/or password. Make sure the Configuration/Connec-
tion List/Authentication parameters Rx Username and Rx Password are cor-
rectly entered. Also, if using RADIUS, check that the server is configured and
running properly.
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Appendix B: Log Messages
Peer failed PAP authen
level 3
The PPP peer’s reported PAP username and/or password does not match the
Express XL/XLT’s parameters. This is most likely caused by PPP peer sending
incorrect username and/or password. Make sure the Configuration/Connec-
tion List/Authentication parameters Rx Username and Rx Password are cor-
rectly entered. Also, if using RADIUS, check that the server is configured and
running properly.
Peer refused authen
level 3
The PPP peer would not allow the Express XL/XLT to authenticate it using the
method set in Configuration/Security/PPP.
Peer refused SpanTree
level 4
The PPP peer would not participate in the Spanning Tree protocol. This is a
warning message only. Bridging will still occur across the WAN port so care
must be taken that no loop topologies exist across the connection.
PPPtx[x] …
level 6
Advance debugging decode of transmitted PPP configuration packets.
PPPrx[x] …
level 6
Advanced debugging decode of received PPP configuration packets.
Call Log Messages
Answer <number>
level 5
An incoming call from <number> was answered. If no caller ID is available
for the ISDN line then <number> will be blank.
AutoSpid Download Not Available
level 4
Lucent AutoSpid download is not available from this ISDN switch.
AutoSpid Download Pass
level 4
Lucent AutoSpid download feature has successfully installed the SPIDs.
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Appendix B: Log Messages
AutoSpid Download Started
level 4
Lucent AutoSpid download feature has started.
AutoSpid Failed
level 2
ExpertISDN has failed trying to determine the ISDN line’s SPID format. This
can occur if the telephone company is not using standard SPID formats.
AutoSpid Passed
level 4
ExpertISDN has finished and has determined the ISDN line’s SPID format.
AutoSpid Retry
level 4
ExpertISDN is attempting another SPID format.
AutoSwitch AT&T
level 4
ExpertISDN has determined that the switch protocol is AT&T 5E custom.
AutoSwitch DMS
level 4
ExpertISDN has determined that the switch protocol is Nortel DMS-100.
AutoSwitch NI-1
level 4
ExpertISDN has determined that the switch protocol is National ISDN 1.
Bad call type
level 1
Internal error as a result of outgoing call attempt.
Bad Host_Call_ID
level 1
Internal error as a result of call control.
Bad phone number
level 2
An outgoing call was attempted with a badly formatted or empty phone num-
ber.
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Appendix B: Log Messages
Bandwidth drop
level 4
The Express XL/XLT is dropping a B-channel call in order to reduce band-
width.
Bandwidth request
level 4
The Express XL/XLT is dialing another B-channel in order to increase band-
width.
Bandwidth Restore
level 4
The Express XL/XLT is re-dialing destination to restore original bandwidth
after POTS call bump or unexpected call drop.
Bearer Info Cap Incorrect
level 2
The bearer capability received in an information element from the switch was
invalid.
Bearer Mode Incorrect
level 2
The bearer mode received in an information element from the switch was in-
valid.
BUSY
level 2
Called location was busy.
Call lost <number>
level 5
The Express XLT attempted retrieve a previously held call but the call was lost
for unknown reasons. If no caller ID is available for the ISDN line, then <num-
ber> will be blank for incoming calls.
Caller ID mismatch
level 3
The caller ID number did not match the numbers placed in Configuration/
Connection List/Authentication parameters Call ID 1 or Call ID 2.
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Appendix B: Log Messages
CallID 1 in use
level 2
An outgoing call on LDN 1 was dumped because it was already busy with a
call.
CallID 2 in use
level 2
A outgoing call on LDN 2 was dumped because it was already busy with a call.
Can't answer, Call not ringing
level 1
Internal error as a result of trying to answer a non-existent incoming call.
Cause: ‘<cause>’ diag=<num>
level 3
The ISDN switch has sent a Cause information element describing the reason
reported from the ISDN switch as <cause> for a call failure. The value <num>
is the diagnostic which can be helpful for diagnosing by the telephone compa-
ny or ADTRAN technical support. The following will be reported for the
<cause> value:
BAD_INFO_ELEM
BEAR_CAP_NOT_AVAIL
BEARER_CAP_NOT_AUTH
CALL_REJECTED
CAP_NOT_IMPLEMENTED
CHAN_DOES_NOT_EXIST
CHAN_NOT_IMPLEMENTED
CHANNEL_UNACCEPTABLE
DEST_OUT_OF_ORDER
FACILITY_NOT_IMPLEMENT
FACILITY_NOT_SUBSCRIBED
FACILITY_REJECTED
INCOMING_CALL_BARRED
INCOMPATIBLE_DEST
INVALID_CALL_REF
INVALID_ELEM_CONTENTS
INVALID_MSG_UNSPEC
INVALID_NUMBER_FORMAT
MANDATORY_IE_LEN_ERR
MANDATORY_IE_MISSING
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Appendix B: Log Messages
NETWORK_CONGESTION
NETWORK_OUT_OF_ORDER
NO_CIRCUIT_AVAILABLE
NO_ROUTE
NO_ROUTE_TO_DEST
NO_USER_RESPONDING
NON_SEL_USER_CLEAR
NONEXISTENT_MSG
NORMAL_CLEARING
NUMBER_CHANGED
OUTGOING_CALL_BARRED
PRE_EMPTED
PROTOCOL_ERROR
REQ_CHANNEL_NOT_AVAIL
RESOURCE_UNAVAIL
SERVICE_NOT_AVAIL
SERVICE_OPER_VIOLATED
TEMPORARY_FAILURE
TIMER_EXPIRY
UNASSIGNED_NUMBER
USER_ALERT_NO_ANS
USER_BUSY
WRONG_MESSAGE
WRONG_MSG_FOR_STATE
Conference <number>
level 5
The Express XLT has conferenced the held call with the active call. If no caller
ID is available for the ISDN line then <number> will be blank for incoming
calls.
Conference Rej <number>
level 5
The Express XLT attempted to conference but was reject by the ISDN switch.
If no caller ID is available for the ISDN line, then <number> will be blank for
incoming calls.
Connect Timeout
level 3
An outgoing call attempt has failed because the call was not answered or it
was not routed through the ISDN network.
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Appendix B: Log Messages
Connected <number>
level 5
A call from or to <number> was connected. If no caller ID is available for the
ISDN line then <number> will be blank for incoming calls.
Demand calling ‘<user>’
level 4
A new call is being placed due to incoming packet routed to “idle” interface or
bridge packet passing through demand filter. The Connection List profile
used is the one with <user> in the description field.
DEST NOT ISDN
level 4
The number dialed is not ISDN. This is a warning and is most often seen for
POTS calls.
Dial <number>
level 5
The Express XL/XLT is dialing <number>.
Dialing ...
level 5
A phone on the Express XLT POTS port is dialing.
Disconnect <number>
level 5
A call from or to <number> was disconnected. If no caller ID is available for
the ISDN line, then <number> will be blank for incoming calls.
Dump <number>
level 5
A call or call attempt to or from <number> has been refused. If no caller ID is
available for the ISDN line, then <number> will be blank for incoming calls.
Dump call
level 3
The Express XL/XLT has dropped an incoming call because it was busy with
calls.
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Appendix B: Log Messages
Fallback to 56K
level 4
The Express XL/XLT is re-dialing the same destination at 56K call type be-
cause the 64K call type failed.
FarDN=<number>
level 5
This is far-end directory number for an incoming call.
Hangup <number>
level 5
A call from or to <number> was hung up. If no caller ID is available for the
ISDN line, then <number> will be blank for incoming calls.
Hold <number>
level 5
The Express XLT has placed a call on hold. If no caller ID is available for the
ISDN line, then <number> will be blank for incoming calls.
Hold Reject <number>
level 5
The Express XLT attempted to put a call on hold and it was rejected by the
ISDN switch. If no caller ID is available for the ISDN line, then <number> will
be blank for incoming calls.
Idle timeout
level 4
The Express XL/XLT’s idle timer has expired and the current session has
dropped.
L1 not up
level 2
A call attempt was stopped because ISDN layer 1 is down.
L2 not up
level 2
A call attempt was stopped because ISDN layer 2 is down trying to get first
TEI.
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Appendix B: Log Messages
L2 #2 not up
level 2
A call attempt was stopped because ISDN layer 2 is down trying to get second
TEI.
L3 not up
level 2
A call attempt was stopped because ISDN layer 3 is down trying to register
first SPID.
L3 #2 not up
level 2
A call attempt was stopped because ISDN layer 3 is down trying to register
second SPID.
LDN TOO LONG
level 1
The number in either LDN 1 or LDN 2 is longer than 20 characters.
NETWORK BUSY
level 2
Called location was busy or network could not route call.
Network down
level 4
The ISDN network is unavailable due to layers 1,2 or 3 dropping.
Network up
level 4
The ISDN network layer 3 is up and is ready for calls.
No calling ID
level 2
An incoming call did not provide the caller ID number required for authenti-
cation.
No previous number
level 1
An internal error occurred with dial-on-demand function.
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Appendix B: Log Messages
NOT end2end ISDN
level 4
The path that the call was routed over is not ISDN from end-to-end. This is a
warning and is most often seen for POTS calls.
Power Up - last down cause: <reason>
level 0 (displayed as level 1 after the unit is reset)
This is the <reason> for the last reset. Most are caused by internal errors. Pos-
sible reasons are:
Bus Error - Bad address occurred on the internal bus
Kernel error - General operating system error
No SBCs - Mail resources used up or lost
Router stack error - Fatal error in protocol stack
general panic - general error
no rip - rip tasks could not start
out of memory - out of available memory
out of TCP ports - all TCP ports are used up
unknown error - unknown fatal error has occurred
Set timer error - Cannot set real time clock
Software Watch Dog Reset - Software watchdog was not updated
Probe: all ports busy
level 3
All ports were busy when it was time to probe. An attempt will be made on
the next probe interval.
Probe failed
level 2
An attempt to connect to a probe site failed.
Probing <name>
level 4
The Express XL/XLT is making an outgoing call to the destination specified
by the description in the Connection List in order to get an update on routes.
POTS call bump
level 4
The Express XLT has dropped bandwidth on an existing data call so that a
POTS call can be connected.
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Appendix B: Log Messages
Retrieved <number>
level 5
The Express XLT has retrieved a previously held call. If no caller ID is avail-
able for the ISDN line, then <number> will be blank for incoming calls.
Ring <number>
level 5
An incoming call from <number> was ringing. If no caller ID is available for
the ISDN line then <number> will be blank.
SOURCE NOT ISDN
level 4
The incoming calling party is not ISDN. This is a warning and is most often
seen for POTS calls.
Signal 0xNN
level 4
A signal information element was received from the ISDN switch with the val-
ue NN in hexadecimal.
Transfer <number>
level 5
The Express XLT has transferred the held call with the active call. If no caller
ID is available for the ISDN line, then <number> will be blank for incoming
calls.
Transfer Rej <number>
level 5
The Express XLT attempted to transfer but was reject by the ISDN switch. If
no caller ID is available for the ISDN line then <number> will be blank for in-
coming calls.
Network Log Messages
Attempting to add bad IP iface route: ifnum=<inter> dest=<ip>
level 4
An IP address <ip> could not be used for the interface number <inter>.
DHCP couldn't alloc mem
level 1
A DHCP response could not be generated due to memory allocation problems.
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Appendix B: Log Messages
DHCP response sent
level 4
A DHCP response was successfully sent to requesting device.
DHCP socket failed
level 1
Internal error occurred when attempting to start DHCP server.
DHCP: Host not added to ARP table
level 2
The DHCP server could not add requesting host to ARP table.
Installing bad default route: ifnum=<inter> metric=<hops>
gw=<ip>
level 6
The Express XL/XLT did not install a default route because the <inter> or
<hops> was zero.
Rejecting packet with Source Routing option - src=<srcip>
dest=<destip>
level 4
The Express XL/XLT has dropped a source routed IP packet due to invalid pa-
rameters.
setmask: local IP iface(0), not done
level 6
Debug error used in determining router stack problems.
syslog: bad host
level 2
Syslog function cannot use host name or IP set in Configuration/Logs/Syslog
Host.
syslog: no port
level 2
Syslog function cannot open port to send Log entries.
TEL: Telnet Session Closed
level 4
Telnet server session has been closed.
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Appendix B: Log Messages
telclient bad host
level 2
Telnet client could not use host name or IP address set in Configuration/Util-
ities/Telnet Client/Host.
telclient bad init
level 2
Telnet client could not initialize a session.
Telnet Client: Clr TCBF_BUFFER flag failed
level 6
Debugging message related to Telnet client function.
Telnet Client: Set TCBF_DONTBLOCK flag failed
level 6
Debugging message related to Telnet client function.
Telnet Client socket failed
level 2
Telnet client function could not open TCP socket.
Telnet server connect to <ip>
level 4
Telnet server has connected to Telnet client with IP address <ip>.
Telnet Session Closed
level 4
Telnet server has closed connection.
Telnet Session failed, error <errnum>
level 2
Telnet server could not connect to Telnet client due to error.
TELNETD: accept failed
level 2
Telnet server could not open TCP socket to incoming Telnet client.
TELNETD: Set TCPC_LISTENQ failed
level 6
Debugging message related to Telnet server function.
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Appendix B: Log Messages
TELNETD: Clr TCBF_BUFFER flag failed
level 6
Debugging message related to Telnet client function.
TELNETD: could not obtain peer ip
level 2
Telnet server function could not get IP address of Telnet client.
TELNETD: Session failed, error
level 2
A Telnet server session has failed because of an error.
TELNETD: Set TCBF_DONTBLOCK flag failed
level 6
Debugging message related to Telnet client function.
TELNETD: SOCKET creation error
level 2
Telnet server could not be started due to TCP socket error.
TFTP: can't get to host
level 2
TFTP client could not get to host.
TFTP client: unable to open port
level 2
TFTP client function could not open a UDP port.
TFTP: error rcvd - <message>"
level 2
Received error with <message> from TFTP server.
TFTP: lost communication
level 2
Lost communication to TFTP client or server during transfer.
TFTP server: unable to open port
level 2
TFTP server function could not open a UDP port.
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Appendix C
SNMP
Understanding SNMP
As Local Area Network (LAN) environments became standardized over the
past ten years, multi-vendor equipment grew with competition. It became
necessary to manage the various vendor equipment from a single control con-
sole. Thus, the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) emerged as
the de facto standard for managing commercial Transmission Control Proto-
col/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) networks.
The term SNMP broadly refers to the message protocols used to exchange in-
formation between the network and the managed devices, as well as to the
structure of network management databases. SNMP has three basic compo-
nents:
•
Network Manager: This is a control program that collects, controls, and
presents data pertinent to the operation of the network devices. It resides
on a network management station.
•
Agent: This is a control program that responds to queries and commands
from the network manager and returns requested information or invokes
configuration changes initiated by the manager. It resides in each network
device connected.
•
MIB: This is an index to the organized data within a network device. It
defines the operating parameters that can be controlled or monitored.
When requesting the network manager to retrieve or modify a particular piece
of information about a network device, the network manager transmits the re-
quest to that network device. The agent in that device interprets the incoming
request, performs the requested task, and sends its response to the network
manager. The network manager collects all the data from the various network
devices and presents it in a consistent form.
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Appendix C: SNMP
Using SNMP Version 1, the network manager can issue three types of com-
mands:
•
•
•
GetRequest: This command retrieves a single item or the first in a series
from a network device.
GetNextRequest: This command retrieves the next item in a series from
a network device.
SetRequest: This command writes information to a network device.
The network device issues two types of messages:
•
GetResponse: This message is the response to a network manager GetRe-
quest or GetNextRequest command.
•
Trap: This is an unsolicited message issued by a network device to report
an operational anomaly or an alarm condition to the network manager.
These messages are typically encased within informational packets and trans-
ported over the LAN or WAN.
SNMP Embedded Agent
The Express XL/XLT supports the following groups from MIB-II: (RFC 1213)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
System Group
UDP Group
Interfaces Group
ICMP Group
Address Translation Group
IP Group
TCP Group
Also, the Ethernet transmission MIB is supported (RFC 1643).
The following manager requests are supported:
•
•
•
Get object
Get next object
Set object
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Appendix C: SNMP
Communities
The Express XL/XLT permits up to eight communities to be defined. The
privilege level of each community can be set. The default community is public
with read-only privileges. When the IP address is all zeros, any manager of
the community can access the Express XL/XLT.
Traps
Up to four hosts can be set to receive traps. Each host entry requires an IP ad-
dress of the manager.
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Appendix C: SNMP
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Appendix D
Connector Pinouts
Table D-A
IBM/AT Style EIA-232 Interface
Pin
1
Name
CD
I/O
Description
Carrier Detect
N/C
O
2
RD
Receive Data
3
TD
I
Transmit Data
4
DTR
GND
DSR
RTS
N/C
N/A
N/C
I
Data Terminal Ready
Signal Ground
Data Set Ready
Request to Send
Clear to Send
Ring Indicator
MAINTENANCE
5
6
7
8
CTS
RI
O
9
N/C
I = Input
O = Output
N/A = Not Applicable
N/C = Not Connected
Table D-B
RJ-45 ISDN BRI U
ISDN
BRI U
Pin 4
Pin 5
Ring
Tip
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Appendix D: Connector Pinouts
Table D-C
RJ-11 POTS
Pin 3
Pin 4
Ring
Tip
PHONE
Table D-D
10BaseT Ethernet
Switch Position
TO NIC
TO HUB
Pin 1
TX1
TX2
RX1
RX2
RX1
RX2
TX1
TX2
10BT
Pin 2
Pin 3
Pin 6
The switch position can be set for either TO NIC or TO HUB on the back panel of the
Express XL/XLT. The rear panel is illustrated in Figure 1-7 on page 18.
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Appendix E
Terminal Mode Commands
The Express XL/XLT supports a command line interface. All menu options
are configurable and readable from the terminal mode. Additional commands
are also available.
Menu Commands
Every menu item in the menu structure can be accessed through the terminal
mode interface. Terminal commands are as follows:
top_menu sub_menu1 sub_menu2 … config_item
Each config_item is entered as shown below.
TYPE:
ENTERED AS:
string
printable characters within double quotes
printable characters within double quotes
xx.xx.xx.xx (0..9) separated by ‘.’
xx:xx:xx:xx (0..9,a..f) separated by ‘:’
sub-string or [#index]
password
IP address
Hex
enum
unsigned
date
digits (0..9)
mm-dd-yyyy
time
hh:mm:ss
date/time
activator
list
mm-dd-yyyy hh:mm:ss
read only
followed by index with first record being 1
followed by index with first record being 1
array
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Appendix E: Terminal Mode Commands
One of the following key words must be used first:
info
Goes directly to ConÞguration/System Info menu.
isdn
Goes directly to ConÞguration/WAN/ISDN menu.
Goes directly to ConÞguration/WAN/POTS menu.
Goes directly to ConÞguration/IP menu.
pots
ip
ipx
Goes directly to ConÞguration/IPX menu.
bridge
security
connect
telnet
snmp
maint
dial
Goes directly to ConÞguration/Bridge menu.
Goes directly to ConÞguration/Security menu.
Goes directly to ConÞguration/Connection List menu.
Goes directly to ConÞguration/Management/Telnet menu.
Goes directly to ConÞguration/Management/SNMP menu.
Goes directly to ConÞguration/Management/Maint menu.
Goes directly to ConÞguration/Dial menu.
status
test
Goes directly to ConÞguration/Status menu.
Goes directly to ConÞguration/Test menu.
logs
Goes directly to ConÞguration/Logs menu.
util
Goes directly to ConÞguration/Utilities menu.
Some examples are listed below:
isdn spid_1 20555512340101
telnet user 1 name ÒguestÓ
sets spid 1
sets user name for telnet user list entry 1
to “guest”
dial 3 dial
dials the numbers for connection list
profile number 3
status ip 1 gateway
returns the gateway address for IP route
table entry 1
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Appendix E: Terminal Mode Commands
Additional Commands
Other commands available from the terminal mode are given below:
save
Saves the configuration to non-volatile RAM (flash).
mac
Returns the MAC address for the Express XL/XLT.
Returns the firmware version and routing stack version.
Resets the unit.
version
reset
exit
Leaves terminal mode and returns to menus.
download
Downloads complete configuration to the terminal screen for
capture.
Download/Uploading Configuration
The Express XL/XLT’s configuration can be captured to a text file using the
download command. The text file can be edited if required. Upload of the
configuration can be accomplished by sending the text file to the Express XL/
XLT in terminal mode. A baud rate of 9600 is strongly recommended when
uploading. As soon as the upload has been completed, type “save” to save the
new configuration to flash. A “reset” command or power cycle 10 seconds af-
ter the save command is recommended to ensure that the new configuration
is complete.
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Glossary
10Base2
IEEE 802.3 specification, similar to Ethernet, using thin coaxial cable that runs
at 10 Mbps, with a maximum distance of 185 meters per segment. Also known
as Thin Ethernet or Thinwire Ethernet.
10BaseT
IEEE 802.3 specification, using unshielded twisted-pair cabling and running at
10 Mbps.
AEP
AppleTalk Echo Protocol. Allows a node on an AppleTalk network to send a
packet to another node and in return, receive an echoed copy of the packet.
B-Channel
64 kbps bearer channel used for voice, circuit, or packet switched data.
bearer service
As defined by CCITT standards, a type of telecommunication service that pro-
vides the capability for the transmission of information between user-to-net-
work interfaces. Bearer services defined for ISDN are circuit mode and packet
mode.
BOOTP
The Bootstrap Protocol allows a network node to determine certain startup in-
formation such as its IP address.
Bridge
A data communications device that connects two or more networks. A bridge
stores and forwards complete packets between the networks. Bridges operate
at the data-link layer of the OSI model.
CCITT
Consultative Committee on International Telephony and Telegraphy. A body
of the International Telegraph Union (ITU) which prepares recommendations,
commonly referred to as international standards, to resolve technical tele-
graph and telephone problems.
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Glossary
central office (CO)
In telephony, the phone company switching facility or center, usually a Class
5 end office, at which subscribers local loops terminate. Handles a specific
geographic area, identified by the first three digits of the local telephone num-
ber. Usually the facilities of the local BOC.
CSMA/CD
Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detect. A channel access mechanism
where devices check the channel for a carrier before transmitting. If no carrier
is sensed for the specified period of time, the device can transmit. If two de-
vices transmit at once, a collision occurs and is detected by all colliding devic-
es. This collision subsequently delays their retransmissions for a random
length of time. CSMA/CD is used by Ethernet and IEEE 802.3.
D-channel
The ISDN channel that carriers signalling information to control the call setup,
teardown, or invocation of supplementary services. The D-Channel may also
be used to provide packet mode data service.
DDS
Dataphone Digital Service. AT&T private line service for transmitting data
over a digital system. The digital transmission system transmits electrical sig-
nals directly, instead of translating the signals into tones of varied frequencies
as with traditional analog transmission systems. Digital techniques provide
more efficient use of transmission facilities, resulting in lower error rates and
costs than analog systems.
digital hub
Designated office where DDS channels are interconnected and where synchro-
nous network timing, testing access, and additional service features are pro-
vided.
Ethernet
A local area network used for connecting computers, printers, workstations, a
terminals, servers, etc., within the same building or campus. Ethernet operates
over twisted wire and coaxial cable at speeds up to 10 Mbps. Ethernet speci-
fies a CSMA/CD.
four-wire circuits
Telephone lines using two wires for transmitting and two wires for receiving,
offering much higher quality than a 2-wire circuit. All long distance circuits
are 4-wire. Almost all local phone lines and analog phones are 2-wire.
group 4
A high-speed (56 kbps) facsimile protocol specific to ISDN.
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Glosssary
hop count
A routing metric used to measure the distance between a source and a desti-
nation. Particularly used by RIP.
hub
(1) Communications center, (2) Major routing station for connecting channels,
(3) DDS connecting center.
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. Professional organization that
defines network standards. IEEE LAN standards are the predominant LAN
standards today and include protocols similar or virtually equivalent to Ether-
net and Token Ring.
IEEE 802.1d
An algorithm used to prevent bridging loops by creating a spanning tree.
IEEE 802.2
An IEEE LAN protocol that specifies an implementation of the LLC sublayer
of the data link layer. It handles errors, framing, flow control, network layer
(Layer 3) service interface, and is used in LANs.
IEEE 802.3
A physical layer standard specifying a linear bus network LAN with a CSMA/
CD access method on a bus topology. Ethernet follows the 802.3 standard,
transmitting at 10 megabits per second. This is the most common local area
network specification. Physical variations of IEEE 802.3 include 10Base2 and
10BaseT.
in-band signalling
Signalling made up of tones which pass within the voice frequency band and
are carried along the same circuit as the talk path being established by the sig-
nals. Virtually all signalling (request for service, dialing, disconnect, etc.) in
the U.S. is in-band signalling. Most of that signalling is MF (Multi-Frequency)
dialing. The more modern form of signalling is out-of-band.
interexchange carrier
Since divestiture, any carrier registered with the FCC authorized to carry cus-
tomer transmissions between LATAs interstate, or if approved by a state pub-
lic utility commission, intrastate. Includes carriers such as AT&T
Communications, Satellite Business Systems, GTE Telenet, GTE Sprint, and
MCI.
information element
The name for the data fields within an ISDN Layer 3 message.
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Glossary
interworking
Communication between two types of networks or end equipment. This may
or may not involve a difference in signalling or protocol elements supported.
Internet Protocol
A TCP/IP protocol describing software that tracks the Internet address of
nodes, routes outgoing message, and recognizes incoming messages. Used in
gateways to connect networks at OSI network Level 3 and above.
IPX
Internetwork Packet Exchange. A Novell NetWare protocol used to move in-
formation across networks.
ISDN
Integrated Services Digital Network. A network architecture that enables end-
to-end digital connections. The network supports diverse services through in-
tegrated access arrangements and defines a limited set of standard, multipur-
pose interfaces for equipment vendors, network providers, and customers.
Interworking with a public switched telephone network is retained.
jabber
jitter
An error condition in which a network device continually transmits garbage
onto the network. In IEEE 802.3, a data packet whose length exceeds that pre-
scribed in the standard.
The slight movement of a transmission signal in time or phase that can intro-
duce errors and loss of synchronization for high-speed synchronous commu-
nications. See phase jitter.
LATA
Local Access and Transport Area. One of 161 local telephone serving areas in
the United States, generally encompassing the largest standard statistical met-
ropolitan areas. Subdivisions established as a result of the AT&T divestiture
that now distinguish local from long distance service. Circuits with both end-
points within the LATA (intraLATA) are generally the sole responsibility of
the local telephone company, while circuits that cross outside the LATA (in-
terLATA) are passed on to an interexchange carrier.
loopback
A diagnostic procedure where data is sent to the device being tested, and the
output of the device is fed directly back to its input, looped around, and the
returning data is checked against that which was sent.
Media Access Control (MAC)
As defined by the IEEE, the lower of the two sublayers of the OSI reference
model data link layer. The MAC sublayer is concerned with media access is-
sues, such as whether token passing or contention is used.
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Glosssary
message
The Layer 3 information that is passed between the CPE and SPCS for signal-
ling.
multipoint line
A communications line having multiple cable access points.
Name Binding Protocol (NBP)
The AppleTalk transport-level protocol that translates a character string name
into the internet address of the corresponding socket client; NBP enables Ap-
pleTalk protocols to understand user-defined zones and device names by pro-
viding and maintaining translation tables that map these names to
corresponding socket addresses.
NAT
Network Address Translation occurs at the borders of stub domains. Its pur-
pose is to translate the IP address of passing packets by changing all references
of one IP address to another. Translation is performed as per RFC 1631.
netmask
A 32-bit bit mask which shows how an Internet address is to be divided into
network, subnet, and host parts. The netmask has ones in the bit positions in
the 32-bit address which are to be used for the network and subnet parts, and
zeros for the host part. The mask should contain at least the standard network
portion (as determined by the address's class), and the subnet field should be
contiguous with the network portion.
non-ISDN line
Any connection from a CPE to a SPCS that is not served by D-Channel signal-
ling.
non-ISDN trunk
Any trunk not served by either SS7 or D-Channel signalling.
NT1
Network Termination 1. A unit that provides physical and electromagnetic
termination of the U-interface 2-wire transmission line, converts between Lay-
er 1 formats used at the U- and T- reference points, and performs some main-
tenance functions.
phase jitter
In telephony, the measurement in degrees out-of-phase that an analog signal
deviates from the reference phase of the main data-carrying signal. Often
caused by alternating current components in a telecommunications network.
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Glossary
point-to-point protocol (PPP)
An implementation of TCP/IP which is intended for transmission using tele-
phone lines. PPP provides router-to-router and host-to-network connections
over both synchronous and asynchronous circuits.
poison routes
Routes which have an infinite metric which to other routers means the net-
work for the route is inaccessible.
PRA
RIP
Primary Rate Access. Connects high-capacity CPE, such as PBXs, to the net-
work. In the US, this is composed of twenty-three 64 kbps channels and one
64 kbps D-channel. Also known as Primary Rate Interface (PRI).
Routing Information Protocol. A protocol used to exchange routing informa-
tion among a set of computers connected by a LAN. RIP uses hop counts as a
routing metric.
router
An interface which finds the best route between two networks. Routers for-
ward packets from one network to another, based on network layer informa-
tion.
routing metric
The method by which a routing algorithm determines one route is better than
another. This information is stored in routing tables. Such tables include reli-
ability, delay bandwidth, load, MTUs, communication costs, and hop count.
RS-232-C
An EIA-specified physical interface with associated electrical signalling be-
tween DCE and DTE. The most commonly employed interface between com-
puter devices and modems.
RTMP
Routing Table Maintenance Protocol. The AppleTalk protocol used to estab-
lish and maintain the routing information that is required by internet routers
in order to route datagrams from any source socket to any destination socket
in the internet. Using RTMP, internet routers dynamically maintain routing
tables to reflect changes in internet topology.
service advertising protocol (SAP)
An IPX protocol through which network resources such as servers become
known to clients.
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Glosssary
serving area
Region surrounding a broadcasting station where signal strength is at or
above a stated minimum. The geographic area handled by a telephone central
office facility. Generally equivalent to a LATA.
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol. SNMP provides a means to monitor
and set network configuration and runtime parameters.
spanning tree
A loop-free subset of the topology of a network.
SPCS
Stored Program Controlled Switch. A digital switch that supports call control,
routing, and supplementary services provision under software control. All
ISDN switches are SPCSs.
spoofing
Spoofing reduces the required bandwidth by having devices, such as bridges
or routers, answer for the remote devices. This causes the remote LAN to ap-
pear as if it is still connected to the LAN device even though it is not. The
spoofing saves the WAN bandwidth, because no packet is ever sent out on the
WAN.
synchronous
(1) The condition occurring when two events happen in a specific time rela-
tionship with each other, both under control of a master clock; (2) A method of
data transmission requiring the transmission of timing pulses to keep the
sender and receiver synchronized in their communication used to send blocks
of information. Synchronous data transmission is used in high speed data cir-
cuits because there is less overhead than asynchronous transmission of char-
acters which contain two extra bits per character to effect timing.
T1
Also T-1. A digital transmission link with a capacity of 1.544 Mbps. T1 uses
two pairs of normal twisted wires. T1 normally can handle 24 voice conversa-
tions with each conversation being digitized at 64 kbps. With more advanced
digital voice encoding techniques, it can handle more voice channels. T1 is a
standard for digital transmission in North America.
TA
Terminal Adaptor. A DCE that connects to the ISDN S-Interface and enables
non-ISDN terminal equipment to communicate over the ISDN.
TE1
Terminal Equipment Type 1. ISDN-compatible terminals.
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Glossary
Telnet
The TCP/IP standard protocol for remote terminal connection service. Telnet
allows a user at one site to interact with a remote timesharing system at anoth-
er site as if the user's terminal were connected directly to the remote machine.
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. A set of protocols devel-
oped by the Department of Defense to link dissimilar computers across many
kinds of networks.
twisted pair
Two wires twisted around each other to reduce induction (interference) from
one wire to the other. Several sets of twisted pair wires may be enclosed in a
single cable. Twisted pair is the normal cabling from a central office to your
home or office, or from your PBX to your office phone. Twisted pair wiring
comes in various thicknesses. As a general rule, the thicker the cable is, the
better the quality of the conversation and the longer cable can be and still get
acceptable conversation quality. However, the thicker it is, the more it costs.
2B+D
The Basic Rate Interface (BRI) in ISDN. A single ISDN circuit divided into two
64 kbps digital channels for voice or data and one 16 kbps channel for low
speed data (up to 9,600 baud) and signalling. 2B+D is carried on one or two
pairs of wires depending on the interface, the same wire pairs that today bring
a single voice circuit into your home or office. See ISDN.
23B+D
In ISDN, also known as the Primary Rate Interface. A circuit with a wide
range of frequencies that is divided in twenty-three 64 kbps paths for carrying
voice, data, video, or other information simultaneously. It bears a remarkable
similarity to today’s T1 link, except that T1 carries 24 voice channels. In ISDN,
23B+D gives twenty-three channels and one D channel for out-of-band signal-
ling. However, in T1, signalling is handled in-band. See ISDN.
two-wire circuit
A transmission circuit composed of two wires, signal and ground, used to both
send and receive information. In contrast, a 4-wire circuit consists of two
pairs. One pair is used to send and one pair is used to receive. All trunk cir-
cuits (long distance) are 4-wire. A 4-wire circuit delivers better reception, but
also costs more. All local loop circuits (those coming from a Class 5 central of-
fice to the subscriber’s phone system) are 2-wire, unless a 4-wire circuit is re-
quested.
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Glosssary
U-interface
A twisted pair subscriber loop that connects the NT1 reference point to the
ISDN network, as defined in the I.411 Recommendation. This interface pro-
vides Basic Rate Access with an operating frequency of 160 kbps and an infor-
mation rate of 144 kbps. Under U.S. regulations, this also marks the line of
demarcation between customer-owned equipment and the public network.
ZIP
Zone Information Protocol. The AppleTalk session-layer protocol used to
maintain and discover the internet-wide mapping of network number ranges
to zone names.
Zombie Routes
Routes that have been identified by the router to be deleted. They remain in
the router’s route table for a specified amount of time with an infinite metric
so that all other routers will learn of this router’s intention to delete them.
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Acronyms
AEP ................... AppleTalk Echo Protocol
AMI................... Alternate Mark Inversion
ARP................... Address Resolution Protocol
B (Channel) .... A 64 kbps digital information channel
BCP ................... Bridge Control Protocol
BONDING ...... Bandwidth On Demand Interoperability Group
BOOTP............. Bootstrap Protocol
BPDU................ Bridging Protocol Data Unit
bps..................... Bits per second
Bps .................... Bytes per second
BRI .................... Basic Rate Interface
CA ..................... Call Appearance
CCP ................... Compression Control Protocol
CCITT............... Consultative Committee for International Telegraphy and
Telephony
CD ..................... Carrier Detect
CPE.................... Customer Premises Equipment
CRC................... Cyclic Redundancy Check
CSMA/CD........ Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detect
DHCP ............... Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DMS.................. Digital Multiplex Switching
DTE................... Data Terminal Equipment
DTMF ............... Dual Tone Multi-Frequency
EKTS................. Electronic Key Telephone Service
ESS.................... Electronic Switching System
FAX ................... Facsimile
FEBE.................. Far End Block Errors
FTP.................... File Transfer Protocol
ICMP ................ Internet Control Message Protocol
ID ...................... Identification
IETF .................. Internet Engineering Task Force
I/O ..................... Input/Output
IP ....................... Internet Protocol
IPCP.................. Internet Protocol Control Protocol
IPX..................... Internetwork Packet Exchange
2
I L ...................... Integrated Injected Logic
IEC .................... Inter-Exchange Carrier
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Acronyms
ISDN..................Integrated Services Digital Network
ISO.....................International Standardization Organization
ISP......................Internet Service Provider
kbps ...................Kilobits per second
kHz ....................Kilohertz
LAN ...................Local Area Network
LCP ....................Link Control Protocol
LDN ...................Local Directory Number
MAC ..................Media Access Control
MIB ....................Management Information Base
MP......................Multilink Protocol
MRU ..................Maximum Receivable Unit
MRRU ...............Maximum Receivable Reconstructable Unit
NBP....................Name Binding Protocol
NEBE .................Near End Block Errors
NIC ....................Network Interface Card
NI-1....................National ISDN-1
NT ......................Network Termination
PBX ....................Private Branch Exchange
PC.......................Personal Computer
PING..................Packet InterNet Groper
POTS .................Plain Old Telephone Service
PPP ....................Point-to-Point Protocol
PRI .....................Primary Rate Interface
RFC ....................Request For Comments
RIP ....................Routing Information Packet, Routing Information Protocol
RTMF ................Routing Table Maintenance Protocol
SAP ....................Service Advertising Protocol
SNMP ................ Simple Network Monitoring Protocol
SPCS..................Stored Program Controlled Switching System
SPID ..................Service Profile Identifier
TCP ....................Transmission Control Protocol
TEI......................Terminal Endpoint Identifier
TFTP ..................Trivial File Transfer Protocol
UDP ...................User Datagram Protocol
WAN..................Wide Area Network
ZIP......................Zone Information Protocol
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Numerics
authentication/Tx method 65
authentication/Tx password 66
authentication/Tx username 66
autospid 36
10-base-T interface 144
56K 76
64K 76
B
A
B1 and B2 bearer channel status
messages 119
BACP 73
bandwidth 77
address table 55
address table/aging 55
address table/forward policy 55
agent 139, 140
bandwidth on demand 13
bandwidth/idle timeout 77
bandwidth/lower threshold 78
bandwidth/max channels 78
bandwidth/min channels 78
bandwidth/mode 77
bandwidth/on demand 77
bandwidth/preempt time 77
bandwidth/samples 78
bandwidth/upper threshold 78
BAP 19, 73
applications
multiple users to ISP using NAT 10
single user to corporate LAN 8
single user to ISP using NAT 9
SOHO to corporate LAN 11
area code 37
ARP cache 92
AT&T 5ESS 37
audio 75
authentication 56, 64
with Express XL/XLT as
authenticatee 65
basic telephone service 22
baud rate 86
with Express XL/XLT as
authenticator 64
bridge 72
bridge menu 15, 50
authentication/call ID 1 67
authentication/call ID 2 67
authentication/caller ID 66
authentication/Rx password 66
authentication/Rx username 66
bridge table 93
bridge/address table 55
bridge/mode 50, 72
bridge/spanning tree 52
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bridge/WAN IP bridge 50
bridge/WAN IPX bridge 51
bridging 13
configuration/IPX 47
configuration/management 83
configuration/management menu 83
configuration/security 56
configuration/system info 34
configuration/terminal mode 87
configuration/WAN 36
connecting to the Internet 19
connection
concurrent routing and bridging 15
demand 12
C
call log 100
call log messages 125
call log/active 100
ISDN 18
LAN 21
telephone 22
call log/clear 101
call log/level 101
connection list 13, 15, 56, 63
connection list profile 13
deleting 64
call log/view 101
call log/wrap 101
call sessions 90
inserting 63
call sessions/session1 and session2 91
call sessions/spanning tree 92
call type 75
connection list/active 64
connection list/authentication 64
connection list/bandwidth 77
connection list/bridge 72
connection list/description 64
connection list/dial out 75
connection list/filters 79
connection list/IP 67
call waiting 23
caller ID 66
channel rate 38
CHAP 58, 66
clock mode 38
command line interface 145
command prompt mode 87
commands 147
connection list/IPX 70
connection list/PPP 73
connection list/probe 72
connector pinouts 143
corporate LAN 3, 8, 11
customer premises wiring 23
communities 141
communities/manager IP 85
communities/name 85
communities/privilege 85
compression 74
D
concurrent routing and bridging 15
conferencing calls 23
configuration 20
downloading/uploading 147
configuration menu 27, 34
configuration/bridge 50
configuration/connection list 63
configuration/IP 40
data bits 86
date/time 35
default gateway 41
demand bridging 12
demand dial filters 81
demand routing 12
DHCP mode 43
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E
dial 15, 37
dial line 36
EAP 58, 66
dial line/area code 37
dial line/ExpertISDN 36
dial line/LDN 1 or 2 38
dial line/SPID 1 37
dial line/switch protocol 37
dial menu 27, 88
dial out 75
echo request 98
echo request test 17
EIA-232 interface 143
embedded agent 140
environmental specifications 116
Ethernet interface 144
Ethernet interface (LAN) 115
ExpertISDN 1, 22, 36
express XL/XLT
dial out/attempts 76
dial out/call type 75
dial out/connection timeout 76
dial out/delay 76
dial out/initial channels 77
dial out/number 1 75
dial out/number 2 75
dial out/redial at 56K 76
dial self 98
overview 7
F
factory default 12
features 115
FEBE 39
dial self-test 17
filter defines 59
dial/channels 89
dial/description 88
dial/dial 88
filter defines /IP filter defines 60
filter defines /IPX filter defines 61
filter defines /MAC filter defines 59
filter defines /pattern filter defines 60
filters
dial/hang up 89
dial/number 1 89
dial/number 2 89
dial/status 89
setting up 59, 79
filters/dem dial exceptions 82
filters/demand dial 81
filters/in exceptions 80
filters/LAN-to-WAN (out) 80
filters/out exceptions 81
filters/WAN-to-LAN (in) 79
firmware revision 35
flash-hook 23
display 116
DMS-100 37
DNS 44
DNS server 44
DNS/domain name 44
DNS/server 1 44
DNS/server 2 44
domain name 44
forward delay 53
download/uploading configuration 147
DTMF keypad 22
frame type 48
front panel 16
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Index
G
IP/IP address 40
IP/IP router 42
IP/mode 67
GetNextRequest 140
IP/NAT 43, 67
IP/proxy ARP 46
IP/RIP 42, 69
H
hang up 14
hang-up 13
hello time 53
IP/route 67
IP/static routes 41
IP/subnet mask 40
IP/UDP relay 45
IPX filter defines 61
IPX menu 47
I
idle timeout 13
IETF 19
IPX protocol 5
IPX router 12
if the Express XL/XLT does not read
ready 107
IPX routes 94
IPX routing 15
IPX servers 95
if you are unable to connect calls 113
indicators
LAN 16
IPX/frame type 48
IPX/mode 47, 70
IPX/network 47
IPX/remote network 70
IPX/retain 71
test 17
WAN 17
installation 21
interface
Ethernet 115
IPX/RIP timer 48
IPX/SAP timer 49
IPX/seed status 48
IPX/triggered 70
IPX/type 20 packets 71
ISDN
network 115
POTS 115
internet
connecting to 19
internet access
using NAT 2
connection 18
internet service provider
connecting 2
network connection 21
ordering 19
interoperability 19
IP filter defines 60
IP menu 40
IP router 12, 42
IP router/mode 42
IP routes 93
IP routing 14
IP stats 96
overview 7
setting up the line 1
ISDN line
selecting mode 36
ISDN/dial line 36
ISDN/FEBEs 39
ISDN/leased line 38
ISDN/NEBEs 38
ISP 19
IP/default gateway 41
IP/DNS 44
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L
maximum age 53
menu commands 145
menu structure 27
MIB 83, 139
LAN bridge 11
LAN connection 21
LAN indicators 16
LAN port 53
mode 14
multilink 73
LAN port/active 53
LAN port/path cost 54
LAN port/priority 54
LAN stats 96
LDN 38
leased line 38
leased line/channel rate 38
leased line/clock mode 38
LEDs 17
log messages 121
logs menu 29, 99
logs/call log 100
logs/network log 101
logs/PPP log 99
logs/sys log host 99
loop status messages 117
multilink call 13
multilink/BACP 73
multilink/fragment 73
multilink/mode 73
multiprotocol routing 3
N
NAT 9, 10, 12, 43, 44
NAT mode 16
NAT/DHCP mode 43
NAT/DHCP renewal time 44
NAT/web server 44
National ISDN1 37
NEBE 38
NEC 37
network address translation (NAT)
internet access using 2
network connection
ISDN 21
M
MAC addresses 11
MAC bridging 12
network device
GetResponse 140
network interface 115
network log 101
MAC filter defines 59
maint port/baud rate 86
maint port/data bits 86
maint port/parity 87
maint port/password 86
maint port/password protect 86
maint port/stop bits 87
maintenance port 86
management 83
network log messages 134
network log/active 101
network log/clear 102
network log/level 102
network log/view 102
network log/wrap 101
network manager 139
GetRequest 140
management/maint port 86
management/SNMP 85
management/Telnet 83
master mode 38
none 43
Novell 15
IPX protocol 5
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Index
O
probe 72
probe/ update window 73
probe/active 72
probe/interval 72
proxy ARP 46
ordering ISDN 19
P
pushbutton tests 17
packets
filtering 59
Q
PAP 58, 66
parity 87
password 84, 86
pattern filter defines 60
physical specifications 116
ping 103
ping test 17
poison reverse 43, 69
POTS 12, 39
quick startup guide 1
R
Radius 56, 84
Radius server 57
radius server/primary server 57
radius server/retry count 58
radius server/secondary server 57
radius server/secret 57
radius server/UDP port 57
rear panel 18
POTS interface 115
POTS/NI-1 conference FI 39
POTS/NI-1 transfer FI 39
POTS/POTS assignment 39
POTS/speech calltype routing 39
power requirements 116
PPP 19, 58, 73
redial at 56K 76
remote/home office
accessing corporate LAN 3
retain 14
PPP log 99
RIP 12, 15, 42, 69
RIP timer 48
PPP log messages 121
PPP log/active 100
PPP log/clear 100
PPP log/level 100
PPP log/view 100
PPP log/wrap 100
PPP peer 44
RIP/direction 43, 69
RIP/method 43, 69
RIP/mode 42, 69
RIP/protocol 42, 69
RIP/retain 70
RIP/triggered 69
RIP/V2 secret 43
PPP/compression 74
PPP/max config 74
PPP/max failure 75
PPP/max timer 74
PPP/multilink 73
PPP/VJ compression 74
private 14
RJ-11 interface 144
RJ-45 interface 143
route/force IP 68
route/hops 68
route/IP/net 68
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route/netmask 68
route/private 68
route/static route 68
routing
spanning tree algorithm 11, 52
spanning tree/forward delay 53
spanning tree/hello time 53
spanning tree/LAN port 53
spanning tree/maximum age 53
spanning tree/mode 52
spanning tree/priority 53
spanning tree/WAN port 0 54
spanning tree/WAN port 1 54
specifications 115
concurrent routing and bridging 15
demand 12
IP 14
IPX 15
multiprotocol 3
over PPP bridging 15
Rx only 43
environmental 116
physical 116
speech 75
S
speech calltype routing 39
SPID 37
samples/sample rate 78
samples/samples 78
samples/time between changes 79
SAP 12, 15
SAP timer 49
security 20
security levels 33
security menu 56
security/authentication 56
security/filter defines 59
security/PPP 58
split horizon 43, 69
static route 14
static routes/active 41
static routes/gateway 41
static routes/hops 41
static routes/IP address 41
static routes/private 42
static routes/subnet mask 41
status menu 29, 90
status/ARP cache 92
status/bridge table 93
status/call sessions 90
status/IP routes 93
security/radius server 57
security/when 57
seed status 48
self-test
status/IP stats 96
if self-test fails 107
self-test 17
status/IPX routes 94
status/IPX servers 95
status/LAN stats 96
status/WAN stats 95
stop bits 87
SetRequest 140
slave mode 38
SNMP 85, 139
SNMP access 85
subnet mask 40
SNMP/communities 85
SNMP/traps 85
supplementary services 22
switch compatibility 115
switch position 144
SOHO (small office - home office) 11
spanning tree 52, 92
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Index
switch protocol 37
system contact 35
system info menu 34
system location 34
system mame 34
system uptime 35
Tx and Rx 43
Tx methods 65
Tx only 43
type 20 packets 71
U
UDP port type 45
T
UDP relay 45
telephone connection 22
Telnet 20, 83
Telnet client 104
Telnet/server access 83
Telnet/user list 84
terminal menu
UDP relay list 45
UDP relay list/relay address 45
UDP relay list/UDP port type 45
UDP relay list/UDP ports 1, 2, 3 45
UDP relay/mode 45
UDP relay/UDP relay list 45
upgrade menu 104
upgrade/abort transfer 105
upgrade/filename 104
upgrade/start transfer 105
upgrade/status 104
upgrade/TFTP host 104
upgrade/TFTP server 105
upgrade/transfer method 104
user list 84
user list/authen method 84
user list/idle time 84
user list/level 84
user list/name 84
user list/password 84
using keyboard to navigate menu 31
utilities menu 29, 103
utilities/exit 105
utilities/ping 103
utilities/Telnet client 104
utilities/upgrade menu 104
navigating 30
structure 27
top level 28
terminal mode 87
terminal mode commands 145
test indicators 17
test menu 29, 98
test menu/dial self 98
test menu/echo request 98
tests
echo request 17
ping 17
pushbutton 17
TFTP 104
TFTP host 104
transfer methods 104
Trap 140
traps 141
traps/manager IP 86
traps/manager name 86
troubleshooting 107
calls 113
V
if self test fails 107
if the Express XL/XLT does not read
ready 107
VJ compression 74
if you are unable to connect calls 113
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W
WAN indicators 17
WAN IP bridge 50
WAN IP bridge proxy ARP 51
WAN IP bridge/netmask 51
WAN IP bridge/network 51
WAN IP bridge/triggered 51
WAN IPX bridge 51
WAN IPX bridge/frame type 52
WAN IPX bridge/network 52
WAN IPX bridge/seed status 52
WAN IPX bridge/triggered 52
WAN menu 36
WAN port 54
WAN port 0/active 54
WAN port 0/path cost 54
WAN port 0/priority 54
WAN port 1/active 55
WAN port 1/path cost 55
WAN port 1/priority 55
WAN stats 95
WAN/ISDN 36
WAN/POTS 39
wiring 23, 24, 25
X
xmodem 104
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Product Support Information
Presales Inquiries and Applications Support
Please contact your local distributor, ADTRAN Applications Engineering, or
ADTRAN Sales:
Applications Engineering
Sales
(800) 615-1176
(800) 827-0807
Post-Sale Support
Please contact your local distributor first. If your local distributor cannot help,
please contact ADTRAN Technical Support and have the unit serial number
available.
Technical Support
(888) 4ADTRAN
Repair and Return
If ADTRAN Technical Support determines that a repair is needed, Technical
Support will coordinate with the Return Material Authorization (RMA) de-
partment to issue an RMA number. For information regarding equipment
currently in house or possible fees associated with repair, contact RMA direct-
ly at the following number:
RMA Department
(205) 963-8722
Identify the RMA number clearly on the package (below address), and return
to the following address:
ADTRAN, Inc.
RMA Department
901 Explorer Boulevard
Huntsville, Alabama 35806
RMA # _____________
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|
