Casio fx 115W User Manual

fx-100W  
fx-115W  
fx-570W  
fx-991W  
User’s Guide  
Guía del usuario  
Mode d’emploi  
Bedienungsanleitung  
Guida dell’utilizzatore  
E S F G I  
Safety Precautions  
Be sure to read the following safety precautions before  
using this calculator. Keep this manual handy for later ref-  
erence.  
Caution  
This symbol is used to indicate information that can  
result in personal injury or material damage if ignored.  
Batteries  
After removing the batteries from the calculator, put  
them in a safe place where there is no danger of  
them getting into the hands of small children and  
accidently swallowed.  
Keep batteries out of the reach of small children. If  
accidently swallowed, consult with a physician im-  
mediately.  
Never charge batteries, try to take batteries apart, or  
allow batteries to become shorted. Never expose bat-  
teries to direct heat or dispose of them by incinera-  
tion.  
Misuse of batteries can cause them to leak acid that  
can cause damage to nearby items and creates the  
possibility of fire and personal injury.  
• Always make sure that a batterys positive k and  
negative l sides are facing correctly when you  
load it into the calculator.  
• Remove the batteries if you do not plan to use the  
calculator for a long time.  
• Use only the type of batteries specified for this cal-  
culator in this manual.  
Disposing of the Calculator  
Never dispose of the calculator by burning it. Doing  
so can cause certain components to suddenly burst,  
creating the danger of fire and personal injury.  
E-1  
The displays and illustrations (such as key markings)  
shown in this User’s Guide are for illustrative pur-  
poses only, and may differ somewhat from the ac-  
tual items they represent.  
The contents of this manual are subject to change  
without notice.  
In no event shall CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. be li-  
able to anyone for special, collateral, incidental, or  
consequential damages in connection with or aris-  
ing out of the purchase or use of these materials.  
Moreover, CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. shall not be  
liable for any claim of any kind whatsoever against  
the use of these materials by any other party.  
Handling Precautions  
Be sure to press the P button on the back of the cal-  
culator (step 6 on page 35 or 36) before using it for  
the first time ( fx-570W/fx-100W).  
Be sure to press the 5key before using the calcula-  
tor for the first time (fx-991W/ fx-115W).  
Even if the calculator is operating normally, replace  
the battery at least once every three years for the  
fx-570W/ fx-991W/fx-115W, or at least once every  
two years for the fx-100W.  
Dead battery can leak, causing damage to and malfunc-  
tion of the calculator. Never leave the dead battery in the  
calculator.  
The battery that comes with the calculator when you  
purchase it is for testing only. It may not provide  
full service life.  
Low battery power can cause memory contents to  
become corrupted or lost completely. Always keep  
written records of all important data.  
E-2  
Avoid use and storage in areas subjected to tempera-  
ture extremes.  
Very low temperatures can cause slow display response,  
total failure of the display, and shortening of battery life.  
Also avoid leaving the calculator in direct sunlight, near  
a window, near a heater or anywhere else it might be-  
come exposed to very high temperatures. Heat can  
cause discoloration or deformation of the calculator’s  
case, and damage to internal circuitry.  
Avoid use and storage in areas subjected to large  
amounts of humidity and dust.  
Take care never to leave the calculator where it might  
be splashed by water or exposed to large amounts of  
humidity or dust. Such elements can damage internal  
circuitry.  
Never drop the calculator or otherwise subject it to  
strong impact.  
Never twist or bend the calculator.  
Avoid carrying the calculator in the pocket of your trou-  
sers or other tight-fitting clothing where it might be sub-  
jected to twisting or bending.  
Never try to take the calculator apart.  
Never press the keys of the calculator with a ball-point  
pen or other pointed object.  
Use a soft, dry cloth to clean the exterior of the unit.  
If the calculator becomes very dirty, wipe it off with a  
cloth moistened in a weak solution of water and a mild  
neutral household detergent. Wring out all excess mois-  
ture before wiping the calculator.Never use thinner, ben-  
zine or other volatile agents to clean the calculator. Do-  
ing so can remove printed markings and damage the  
case.  
E-3  
Contents  
Safety Precautions .......................................... 1  
Handling Precautions....................................... 2  
Two-line Display ............................................... 5  
Key Layout ........................................................ 6  
Before Starting Calculations... ....................... 8  
kModes .................................................................... 8  
kInput Capacity ........................................................ 9  
kMaking Corrections During Input ........................... 9  
kReplay Function ..................................................... 9  
kError Locator ........................................................ 10  
kExponential Display Formats ............................... 10  
kAnswer Memory ................................................... 10  
Basic Calculations ......................................... 11  
Memory Calculations ..................................... 11  
kIndependent Memory ........................................... 11  
kVariables .............................................................. 11  
Fraction Calculations ..................................... 12  
kFraction Calculations ........................................... 12  
kDecimal-to-Fraction Conversion........................... 12  
kFraction-to-Decimal Conversion .......................... 12  
Percentage Calculations ................................ 13  
Scientific Function Calculations ................... 14  
kTrigonometric/Inverse Trigonometric Functions.... 14  
kHyperbolic/Inverse Hyperbolic Functions ............ 14  
kAngle Unit Conversion ......................................... 15  
kCommon and Natural Logarithms/  
Antilogarithms ...................................................... 15  
kSquare Roots, Cube Roots, Roots, Squares,  
Cubes, Reciprocals, Factorials,  
Random Numbers and π .......................................... 15  
kFIX, SCI, RND ..................................................... 16  
kENG Calculations ................................................ 17  
kInputting ENG Calculation Symbols ..................... 17  
kCoordinate Conversion (Pol(x, y), Rec (r, θ)) ............ 18  
kPermutation.......................................................... 19  
kCombination ......................................................... 19  
E-4  
Statistical Calculations ..................................19  
kStandard Deviation (SD Mode) ............................ 19  
kProbability Distribution Calculations ................... 20  
kRegression Calculations (REG Mode) ................. 21  
Complex Number Calculations  
(CMPLX Mode) ............................................... 23  
kAbsolute Value/Argument Calculation .................. 24  
Formula Memory ............................................ 24  
Metric Conversions (fx-570W/fx-991W ) ....... 25  
Scientific Constants (fx-570W/ fx-991W) ...... 26  
Base-n Calculations ...................................... 28  
Integration Calculations .................................30  
Degrees, Minutes, Seconds Calculations .... 30  
Technical Information..................................... 31  
kWhen you have a problem...... ............................. 31  
kError Messages ................................................... 31  
kOrder of Operations ............................................. 32  
kStacks .................................................................. 33  
kPower Supply ....................................................... 34  
kInput Ranges ....................................................... 37  
Specifications ................................................ 39  
Two-line Display  
You can simultaneously check the calculation  
formula and its answer.  
The first line displays the calculation formula.  
The second line displays the answer.  
E-5  
Key Layout  
<
fx-570W  
>
RE9PLAY  
Page  
12  
ALPHA  
SHIFT  
MODE  
OFF  
Page  
Page  
25  
16 29  
25  
15  
16  
CONV  
x! LOGIC  
25  
30  
12  
16  
27  
16  
15  
Page 18 24  
29  
15 29 15 29  
DEC  
HEX  
BIN OCT  
10  
e
Page  
Page  
17  
12  
15  
11  
16  
15  
15  
11 30 11  
11 14 11 14 11  
A
B
C
sin-1  
D
cos-1  
E
tan-1  
F
Page  
Page  
11  
20  
30  
24  
14  
14  
14  
21 24 24 11 20 11 11 11  
DISTR  
Re<->lm  
r
arg  
Abs  
M-  
X
Y
M
20 DT CL 20  
11  
Page  
Page  
11  
11  
11  
11  
21 17 21 17 21 17  
9
11 19  
A
M
B
G
C
T
INS  
McI ScI  
Page  
Page  
9
21 17 21 17 21 17  
19  
19  
y
µ
m
k
nPr  
nCr  
Page  
19 17 19 17 19 17  
21 18  
21 18  
y
f
p
Pol(  
n
Rec(  
Page  
Page  
16  
16  
16  
11  
15  
13  
Rnd  
Ran#  
DRG  
10  
CONV  
fx-100W:  
15  
E-6  
Key Layout  
<
fx-991W  
>
RE9PLAY  
Page  
12  
ALPHA  
2
ON  
SHIFT  
MODE  
Page  
Page  
25  
16 29  
25  
15  
16  
CONV  
x! LOGIC  
25  
30  
12  
16  
27  
16  
15  
Page 18 24  
29  
15 29 15 29  
DEC  
HEX  
BIN OCT  
10  
e
Page  
Page  
17  
12  
15  
11  
16  
15  
15  
11 30 11  
11 14 11 14 11  
A
B
C
sin-1  
D
cos-1  
E
tan-1  
F
Page  
Page  
11  
20  
30  
24  
14  
14  
14  
21 24 24 11 20 11 11 11  
DISTR  
Re<->lm  
r
arg  
Abs  
M-  
X
Y
M
20 DT CL 20  
11  
Page  
Page  
11  
11  
11  
11  
21 17 21 17 21 17  
9
11 19  
A
M
B
G
C
T
INS  
McI ScI  
Page  
Page  
9
21 17 21 17 21 17  
19  
19  
y
µ
m
k
nPr  
nCr  
Page  
19 17 19 17 19 17  
21 18  
21 18  
y
f
p
Pol(  
n
Rec(  
Page  
Page  
16  
16  
16  
11  
15  
13  
Rnd  
Ran#  
DRG  
10  
CONV  
fx-115W:  
15  
E-7  
Before Starting Calculations...  
k Modes  
Mode  
Name  
Mode  
Application  
Indicator  
Calculation Modes  
Normal calculations  
COMP  
Complex number  
calculations  
CMPLX  
CMPLX  
Standard deviation  
calculations  
SD  
SD  
Regression calculations  
REG  
REG  
Base-n calculations  
BASE-N b (binary)  
o (octal)  
d (decimal)  
H (hexadecimal)  
Angle Unit Modes  
Degrees  
DEG  
RAD  
GRA  
R
Radians  
T
B
Grads  
Display Modes  
Exponential notation  
(Canceling FIX and SCI  
specification)  
NORM1  
NORM2  
Number of decimal  
place specification  
FIX  
SCI  
Fix  
Sci  
Number of significant  
digit specification  
Exponential display range  
specifications  
ENG  
ENG  
Note!  
• Mode indicators appear in the lower part of the display,  
except for the Base-n indicators which appear in the ex-  
ponent part of the display.  
• The ENG mode cannot be selected while the calculator  
is in the CMPLX or BASE-N mode.  
E-8  
You cannot set the angle unit or the display mode while  
the calculator is in the BASE-N mode.  
• The COMP, CMPLX, SD, and REG modes can be used  
in combination with the angle unit modes.  
• Be sure to check the current calculation mode (SD, REG,  
COMP, CMPLX) and angle unit mode (DEG, RAD, GRA)  
before beginning a calculation.  
k Input Capacity  
• The memory area used for calculation input can hold 79  
“steps.” Whenever you input the 73rd step of any calcu-  
lation, the cursor changes from “_” to “k” to let you know  
memory is running low. If you still need to input more,  
you should divide your calculation into two or more parts.  
k Making Corrections During Input  
• Use e and r to move the cursor to the location you  
want.  
• Press [ to delete the number or function at the current  
cursor position.  
• Press A K to change to an insert cursor t. Inputting  
something while the insert cursor is on the display in-  
serts the input at the insert cursor position.  
• Press e, r, A K, or = returns to the normal cur-  
sor from the insert cursor.  
k Replay Function  
• Pressing r or e recalls the last calculation you per-  
formed. You can then make any changes you want in  
the calculation and re-execute it.  
• Pressing t does not clear Replay memory, so you can  
recall the last calculation even after you press t.  
• Replay memory is cleared whenever you start a new  
calculation, change to another mode, or turn off power.  
E-9  
k Error Locator  
• Pressing r or e after an error occurs displays the  
calculation with the cursor positioned at the location  
where the error occurred.  
k Exponential Display Formats  
This calculator can display up to 10 digits. Larger values  
are automatically displayed using exponential notation. In  
the case of decimal values, you can select between two  
formats that determine at what point exponential notation  
(
)
is used. Press F F F F 3 1 or 2 to select  
NORM 1 or NORM 2.  
• NORM 1  
With NORM 1, exponential notation is automatically used  
for integer values with more than 10 digits and decimal  
values with more than two decimal places.  
• NORM 2  
With NORM 2, exponential notation is automatically used  
for integer values with more than 10 digits and decimal  
values with more than nine decimal places.  
• All of the examples in this manual show calculation re-  
sults using the NORM 1 format.  
k Answer Memory  
• Whenever you press = after inputting values or an ex-  
pression, the calculated result is automatically stored in  
Answer Memory. You can recall Answer Memory con-  
tents by pressing g.  
• Answer Memory can store up to 12 digits for the mantissa  
and two digits for the exponent.  
• Answer Memory contents are not changed if the opera-  
tion performed by any of the above key operations re-  
sults in an error.  
E-10  
Basic Calculations  
• Use the COMP mode for basic calculations.  
Example 1: 3҂(5҂10–9)  
3 - R 5 e D 9 T =  
1.5-08  
80.00  
Example 2: 5҂(9ѿ7)  
5 - R 9 + 7 T =  
You can skip all T operations before =.  
Memory Calculations  
k Independent Memory  
• Values can be input directly into memory, added to  
memory, or subtracted from memory. Independent  
memory is convenient for calculating cumulative totals.  
• Independent memory uses the same memory area as  
variable M.  
To clear independent memory (M), input 0 j 3.  
Example:  
32.00  
23 ѿ 9 ҃ 32 23 + 9 j 3  
53 Ҁ 6 ҃ 47  
Ҁ) 45 ҂ 2 ҃ 90  
53 , 6 |  
47.00  
90.00  
(Total) –11 45 - 2 A {  
0 3  
–11.00  
k Variables  
• There are nine variables (A through F, M, X andY), which  
can be used to store data, constants, results, and other  
values.  
• Use the following operation to delete data assigned to  
all nine variables: A C =.  
• Use the following operation to delete data assigned to a  
particular variable: 0 j 1. This operation deletes  
the data assigned to variable A.  
E-11  
Example: 193.2 Ö 23 ҃ 8.4  
193.2 Ö 28 ҃ 6.9  
193.2 j 1 \ 23 =  
8.400  
6.900  
p 1 \ 28 =  
Fraction Calculations  
k Fraction Calculations  
• Use the COMP mode for fraction calculations.  
• Values are automatically displayed in decimal format  
whenever the total number of digits of a fractional value  
(integer ѿ numerator ѿ denominator ѿ separator marks)  
exceeds 10.  
2
3
4
5
Example 1:  
ѿ 1  
2 C 3 + 1 C 4 C 5 =  
2 7 15.00  
1
2
Example 2:  
ѿ1.6  
1 C 2 + 1.6 =  
2.100  
• Fraction/decimal calculation results are always decimal.  
k Decimal-to-Fraction Conversion  
3
4
Example: 2.75 2  
2.75 =  
2.75  
2 3 4.00  
C
11 4.00  
A B  
k Fraction-to-Decimal Conversion  
1
2
Example:  
0.5 (Fraction Decimal)  
1 2.00  
1 C 2 =  
E-12  
0.500  
C
C
1 2.00  
Percentage Calculations  
• Use the COMP mode for percentage calculations.  
Example 1: To calculate 12% of 1500  
1500 - 12 A v  
180.00  
Example 2: To calculate what percentage of 880 is 660  
660 \ 880 A v  
75.00  
Example 3: To add 15% onto 2500  
2500 - 15 A v +  
2875.00  
Example 4: To discount 3500 by 25%  
3500 - 25 A v ,  
2625.00  
Example 5: If 300 grams are added to a test sample  
originally weighing 500 grams, what is the percentage  
increase in weight?  
300 ѿ 500  
҂ 100 ҃ 160 (%)  
500  
160.00  
300 + 500 A v  
Example 6: If temperature changes from 40°C to 46°C,  
what percentage did it rise?  
46 Ҁ 40  
҂ 100 ҃ 15 (%)  
40  
46 , 40 A v  
15.00  
E-13  
Scientific Function Calculations  
• Use the COMP mode for scientific function calculations.  
= 3.14159265359  
k Trigonometric/Inverse Trigonometric  
Functions  
Example 1: sin63°52o41ǥ  
q q q 1  
R
0.89785901200  
S 63 I 52 I 41 I =  
R
π
Example 2: cos  
(
q q q 2  
rad)  
3
T
0.500  
W R A x \ 3 T =  
T
2
2
π
4
Example 3: cosҀ1  
҃
rad  
q q q 2  
T
0.78539816300  
W A V R L 2 \ 2 T =  
T
0.2500  
g \ A x =  
Example 4: tanҀ10.741  
q q q 1  
R
36.5384457700  
A g 0.741 =  
R
k Hyperbolic/Inverse Hyperbolic  
Functions  
Example 1: sinh 3.6  
18.2854553600  
M S 3.6 =  
Example 2: sinhҀ1 30  
M A j 30 =  
4.09462222400  
E-14  
k Angle Unit Conversion  
• Press A v to display the following menu.  
D
R
G
1 2 3  
• Pressing 1, 2, or 3 converts the displayed value to  
the corresponding angle unit.  
Example : To convert 4.25 radians to degrees  
F F F 1  
R
r
4.25  
(
)
4.25 A v 2 R =  
243.5070629  
k Common and Natural Logarithms/  
Antilogarithms  
0.08990511100  
Example 1: log 1.23 R 1.23 =  
Example 2: In 90 (҃log 90)  
e
4.4998096700  
22026.4657900  
31.622776600  
16.00  
T 90 =  
Example 3: e10  
Example 4: 101.5  
Example 5: 24  
A U 10 =  
A Q 1.5 =  
2 w 4 =  
k Square Roots, Cube Roots, Roots,  
Squares, Cubes, Reciprocals,  
Factorials, Random Numbers and π  
Example 1: 2ѿ 3҂  
5
5.28719690900  
–1.29002405300  
L 2 + L 3 - L 5 =  
Example 2: 3 5ѿ 3 27  
A D 5 + A D D 27 =  
(fx-100W/fx-115W: D)  
E-15  
1
7
Example 3: 7 123 ( = 123 )  
1.98864779500  
7 A H 123 =  
Example 4: 123ѿ302  
123 + 30 K =  
1023.00  
1728.00  
Example 5: 123  
12 N =  
1
Example 6:  
1
3
1
4
12.00  
3
4
a , a T a =  
R
40320.00  
Example 7: 8!  
8 A f =  
Example 8: To generate a random number between  
0.000 and 0.999  
0.66400  
A M =  
Example (results differ each time)  
9.42477796100  
Example 9: 3π  
3 A x =  
k FIX, SCI, RND  
Example 1: 200Ö7҂14҃400  
400.00  
200 \ 7 - 14 =  
400.00000  
(Specifies three  
decimal places.)  
F F F F 1 3  
Fix  
(Calculation continues using 10  
display digits)  
28.57100  
200 \ 7 =  
400.00000  
- 14 =  
Performing the same calculation using the specified  
number of decimal places  
28.57100  
200 \ 7 =  
28.57100  
(Internal rounding)  
A Q  
E-16  
399.99400  
- 14 =  
• Press F F F F 3 1 to clear FIX specification.  
Example 2: 1Ö 3, displaying result with two significant  
digits (SCI 2)  
3.3–01  
F F F F 2 2 1 \ 3 =  
Sci  
• Press F F F F 3 1 to clear SCI specification.  
k ENG Calculations  
Example 1: To convert 56,088 meters to kilometers  
56.088003  
56088 = J  
Example 2: To convert 0.08125 grams to milligrams  
81.25–03  
0.08125 = J  
k Inputting ENG Calculation Symbols  
F F F F F 1 enters the ENG mode in which  
ENG symbols can be used in calculations.  
To exit the ENG mode, press F F F F F 2.  
• The following are the nine ENG symbols that can be  
used in ENG mode calculations.  
Key Operation  
Unit  
Symbol  
A k  
A M  
A g  
A t  
A m  
A N  
A n  
A p  
A f  
103  
k (kilo)  
M (Mega)  
G (Giga)  
T (Tera)  
m (milli)  
µ (micro)  
n (nano)  
p (pico)  
106  
109  
1012  
10–3  
10–6  
10–9  
10–12  
10–15  
f (femto)  
E-17  
* For displayed values, the calculator selects the ENG sym-  
bol that makes the numeric part of the value fall within  
the range of 1 to 1000.  
* ENG symbols cannot be used when inputting fractions.  
* The ENG mode cannot be used in combination with the  
CMPLX, or BASE-N modes.  
• Performing any of the key operations in the above table  
while you are not in the ENG mode inputs the exponen-  
tial value in the “Unit” column (without inputting the ENG  
symbol).  
Example: 9Ö10 = 0.9 m (milli)  
0.  
F F F F F 1  
ENG  
9Ϭ1  
m
900.  
9 \ 10 =  
In the ENG mode, even standard (non-ENG)  
calculation results are displayed using ENG symbols.  
A P  
0.9  
9Ϭ1  
m
900.  
J
k
Coordinate Conversion (Pol(x, y), Rec (r, θ))  
• Calculation results are automatically assigned to vari-  
ables E and F.  
Example 1: To convert polar coordinates (r҃2, ҃60°)  
to rectangular coordinates (x, y) (DEG mode)  
1.00  
x
y
A F 2 P 60 T =  
R
1.73205080800  
0 o  
0 n, 0 o swaps displayed value with value in  
memory.  
Example 2: To convert rectangular coordinates (1, 3)  
to polar coordinates (r, ) (RAD mode)  
2.00  
r
A f 1 P L 3 T =  
T
E-18  
1.04719755100  
0 o  
θ
0 n, 0 o swaps displayed value with value in  
memory.  
k Permutation  
Example: To determine how many different 4-digit val-  
ues can be produced using the numbers 1 through 7  
• Numbers cannot be duplicated within the same 4-digit  
value (1234 is allowed, but 1123 is not).  
7 A m 4 =  
840.  
k Combination  
Example: To determine how many different 4-member  
groups can be organized in a group of 10 individuals  
10 A n 4 =  
210.  
Statistical Calculations  
k Standard Deviation (SD Mode)  
• Press F F 1 to enter the SD Mode for statistical  
calculations using standard deviation.  
• Data input always starts with A m = to clear statisti-  
cal memory.  
• Input data is used to calculate values for  
0 1 Σx2  
n, Σx, Σx2, o, σn and σn-1 which you can  
0 2 Σx  
recall using the key operations noted  
nearby.  
0 k  
A M  
n
o
A A σn  
A N σn-1  
E-19  
Example: To calculate σnҀ1, σn, o, n, Σx, and Σx2 for the  
following data : 55, 54, 51, 55, 53, 53, 54, 52  
Enter SD Mode F F 1  
A m = (Memory Clear)  
55 S 54 S 51 S 55 S  
52.00  
53 S S 54 S 52 S  
SD  
1.40788595300  
(Sample Standard Deviation σnҀ1) A N =  
1.31695671900  
(Population Standard Deviation σn) A A =  
53.37500  
8.00  
(Arithmetic Mean o)  
A M =  
0 k  
(Number of Data n)  
427.00  
(Sum of Values Σx)  
0 H  
(Sum of Squares ofValues Σx 2  
)
0 G  
22805.00  
Data Input Precautions  
S S inputs the same data twice.  
You can also input multiple entries of the same data us-  
ing A G. To input the data 110 ten times, for example,  
press 110 A G 10 S.  
• The above results can be obtained in any order, and not  
necessarily that shown above.  
To delete data you have just input, press A U.  
k Probability Distribution Calculations  
• Press A D to produce the screen shown below.  
(
(
(
P
Q
R
t  
1 2 3  
4
• Input a value from 1 to 4 to select the probability  
distribution calculation you want to perform.  
P(t)  
Q(t)  
R(t)  
E-20  
Example : Using the x-data values input in the example  
on page 20, determine the normalized variate (t) for  
x = 53 and normal probability distribution P(t).  
53 A D 4 (t) =  
-0.284747398  
A D 1 (P( ) -0.28 F =  
0.38974  
k Regression Calculations (REG Mode)  
• Press F F 2 to enter the REG mode and then se-  
lect one of the following regression types.  
1: Linear regression  
2: Logarithmic regression  
3: Exponential regression  
r 1: Power regression  
r 2: Inverse regression  
r 3: Quadratic regression  
• Data input always starts with A m = to clear statisti-  
cal memory.  
• The values produced by a regression calculation depend  
on the values input, and results can be recalled using  
the key operations shown in the table below.  
0 G Σx2 A N  
0 H Σx A l  
xσn-1  
p
yσn  
yσn-1  
0 k  
0 h Σy2 A c  
n
A d  
0 n Σy A q Regression coefficient A  
0 o Σxy A w Regression coefficient B  
0 M Σx3 A e Regression coefficient C  
0 x Σx2y A u Correlation coefficient r  
0 y Σx4 A O  
m
n
A M  
o
A b  
xσn  
A A  
• Linear Regression  
The regression formula for linear regression is: y ҃ A ѿ Bx.  
E-21  
Example: Atmospheric Pressure vs. Temperature  
Perform linear regression to de-  
termine the regression formula  
Atmospheric  
Temperature  
Pressure  
10°C  
15°C  
20°C  
25°C  
30°C  
1003 hPa  
1005 hPa  
1010 hPa  
1011 hPa  
1014 hPa  
terms and correlation coefficient  
for the data nearby. Next, use the  
regression formula to estimate at-  
mospheric pressure at 18°C and  
temperature at 1000 hPa.  
Enter REG Mode (Linear Regression)  
q q 2 1  
A m = (Memory Clear)  
10 P1003 S 15 P1005 S  
20 P1010 S 25 P 1011 S  
30 P1014 S  
30.00  
REG  
997.400  
0.5600  
(Regression Coefficient A)  
(Regression Coefficient B)  
(Correlation Coefficient r)  
(Atmospheric Pressure at 18°C)  
(Temperature at 1000 hPa)  
A q =  
A w =  
A J =  
18 A b  
0.98260736800  
1007.4800  
4.64285714300  
1000 A O  
• Quadratic Regression  
• The regression formula for quadratic regression is:  
2
y = A + Bx +Cx .  
• Input data using the following key sequence.  
<x-data> P <y-data> S  
• Example:  
Perform quadratic regression to de-  
xi  
29  
yi  
1.6  
termine the regression formula terms  
and correlation coefficient for the data  
nearby. Next, use the regression for-  
mula to estimate the values for ˆy (es-  
timated value of y) for xi = 16 and ˆx  
(estimated value of x) for yi = 20.  
50  
23.5  
38.0  
46.4  
48.0  
74  
103  
118  
E-22  
Enter REG mode (Quadratic regression)  
F F 2 r 3  
A m =  
29 P 1.6 S 50 P 23.5 S  
74 P 38.0 S103 P 46.4 S  
118 P 48.0 S  
118.  
REG  
(Regression Coefficient A)  
(Regression Coefficient B)  
(Regression Coefficient C)  
(ˆy when xi = 16)  
A q =  
-
35.59856934  
A w = 1.495939413  
-
-
6.71629667 03  
A e =  
16 A b  
20 A O  
A O  
-
13.38291067  
47.14556728  
175.5872105  
(ˆx1 when yi = 20)  
(ˆx2 when yi = 20)  
Data Input Precautions  
S S inputs the same data twice.  
You can also input multiple entries of the same data us-  
ing A G. To input the data “20 and 30” five times, for  
example, press 20 P 30 A G 5 S.  
• The above results can be obtained in any order, and not  
necessarily that shown above.  
To delete data you have just input, press A U.  
Complex Number Calculations  
(CMPLX Mode)  
• Press F 2 to enter the CMPLX Mode for calculations  
that include complex numbers.  
You can use variables A, B, C and M only. Variables D,  
E, F, X, andY are used for storage of the imaginary parts  
of values and so cannot be used by you.  
E-23  
Example: (2 + 3i) + (4 + 5i)  
Enter CMPLX Mode F 2  
R 2 + 3 i T +  
R 4 + 5 i T =  
6.  
Real number part  
A r  
8.i  
Imaginary number part  
k Absolute Value/Argument Calculation  
• The procedure described below can be used to deter-  
mine the absolute value (Abs) and argument (arg) for a  
complex number of the format Z = a + bi, which is pre-  
sumed to exist as coordinates on a Gaussian plane.  
Example: To obtain the absolute value (r) and argu-  
ment (θ) for the complex number 3 + 4i, when DEG is  
set for the angle unit mode  
Imaginary number axis  
Real number axis  
Determine the absolute value.  
5.  
A A R 3 + 4 i T =  
Determine the argument.  
CMPLX  
A a R 3 + 4 i T =  
53.13010235  
Formula Memory  
• Formula memory lets you input a single formula in  
memory, and then input values for the formula's vari-  
ables to calculate results.  
E-24  
• Memory can hold a single formula, up to 79 steps long.  
This function can be used in the COMP or CMPLX mode  
only.  
• Note that the formula is actually stored in memory when  
you press the  
key in the sequence below.  
C
Example: To save the following formula, recall it, and  
then use it to calculate a result:Y = X2 + 3X – 12  
Input the formula.  
Y=X2 +3X 12  
p y p u p x K +  
3 p x , 12  
0.  
X?  
Store it in memory.  
C
0.  
Input a value for its variable. 7 =  
58.  
X?  
=
7.  
8 =  
76.  
• Formula memory is cleared whenever you start a new  
calculation, change to another mode, or turn off power.  
Metric Conversions (fx-570W/fx-991W)  
• A total of 20 different conversion pairs are built-in to pro-  
vide quick and easy conversion to and from metric units.  
• See the Conversion Pair Table on page 26 for a com-  
plete list of available conversion pairs.  
Example: To convert 31 inches to centimeters  
CONV  
31 A c  
CONV  
1
01  
01 is the inches-to-centimeters conversion pair number.  
31in cm  
0.  
31in cm  
=
78.74  
E-25  
• Conversion Pair Table  
Based on ISO Standard (1992) data and CODATA Bulletin  
63 (1986) data.  
Number  
01  
02  
03  
04  
05  
06  
07  
08  
09  
10  
11  
12  
13  
14  
15  
16  
17  
18  
19  
20  
Conversion Pair  
in cm  
cm in  
ft m  
m ft  
Number  
21  
22  
23  
24  
25  
26  
27  
28  
29  
30  
31  
32  
33  
34  
35  
36  
37  
38  
39  
40  
Conversion Pair  
oz g  
g oz  
lb kg  
kg lb  
yd m  
m yd  
atm Pa  
Pa atm  
mmHg Pa  
Pa mmHg  
hp kW  
kW hp  
kgf/cm2Pa  
Pa kgf/cm2  
kgf•m J  
J kgf•m  
lbf/in2 kPa  
kPa lbf/in2  
°F °C  
mile km  
km mile  
n mile m  
m n mile  
acre m2  
m2 acre  
gal (US) r  
r gal (US)  
gal (UK) r  
r gal (UK)  
pc km  
km pc  
km/h m/s  
m/s km/h  
°C °F  
J cal  
cal J  
Scientific Constants (fx-570W/fx-991W)  
• A total of 40 commonly-used scientific constants, such  
as the speed of light in a vacuum and Planck's constant  
are built-in for quick and easy lookup whenever you need  
them.  
• Simply input the number that corresponds to the scien-  
tific constant you want to look up and it appears instantly  
on the display.  
• See the Scientific Constant Table on pages 27 and 28  
for a complete list of available constants.  
E-26  
Example: To determine how much total energy a per-  
son weighing 65kg has (E = mc2)  
CONST  
65 L  
CONST28  
28  
28 is the “speed of light in vacuum” constant number.  
65Co  
0.  
65Co2  
K
0.  
65Co2  
5.841908662 18  
=
• Scientific Constant Table  
Based on ISO Standard (1992) data and CODATA Bulletin  
63 (1986) data.  
Number  
01  
02  
03  
04  
05  
06  
07  
08  
09  
10  
11  
12  
13  
14  
15  
16  
17  
18  
19  
20  
21  
22  
Constant Name  
proton mass  
neutron mass  
electron mass  
muon mass  
Bohr radius  
Planck's constant  
nuclear magneton  
Bohr magneton  
Planck's constant, rationalized (h-bar)  
fine-structure constant  
classical electron radius  
electron Compton wavelength  
proton gyromagnetic ratio  
proton Compton wavelength  
neutron Compton wavelength  
Rydberg constant  
Symbol  
mp  
mn  
me  
mµ  
a0  
h
µN  
µB  
α
re  
λc  
γp  
λcp  
λcn  
R∞  
u
µp  
µe  
µn  
µµ  
F
atomic mass unit  
proton magnetic moment  
electron magnetic moment  
neutron magnetic moment  
muon magnetic moment  
Faraday constant  
E-27  
Number  
23  
Constant Name  
elementary charge  
Symbol  
e
24  
25  
26  
27  
28  
29  
30  
31  
32  
33  
34  
35  
36  
37  
38  
39  
40  
Avogadro constant  
Boltzmann constant  
molar volume of ideal gas  
molar gas constant  
speed of light in vacuum  
first radiation constant  
second radiation constant  
Stefan-Boltzmann constant  
permittivity of vacuum  
permeability of vacuum  
magnetic flux quantum  
standard acceleration of gravity  
astronomical unit  
NA  
k
Vm  
R
C0  
C1  
C2  
σ
ε0  
µ0  
φ0  
g
AU  
pc  
t
parsec  
Celsius temperature  
Newtonian constant of gravitation  
standard atmosphere  
G
atm  
Base-n Calculations  
• In addition to decimal values, calculations can be per-  
formed using binary, octal and hexadecimal values.  
You can specify the default number system to be ap-  
plied to all input and displayed values, and the number  
system for individual values you input.  
You cannot use scientific functions in binary, octal, deci-  
mal, and hexadecimal calculations.You cannot input val-  
ues that include decimal part and an exponent.  
• If you input a value that includes a decimal part, the unit  
automatically cuts off the decimal part.  
• Negative binary, octal, and hexadecimal values are pro-  
duced by taking the two's complement.  
You can use the following logical operators between  
values in Base-n calculations: and (logical product), or  
(logical sum), xor (exclusive logical sum), xnor (exclu-  
sive logical sum negation), Not (negation), and Neg (mi-  
nus).  
E-28  
• The following are the allowable ranges for each of the  
available number systems.  
Binary  
1000000000 Ϲ x Ϲ 1111111111  
0 Ϲ x Ϲ 0111111111  
Octal  
4000000000 Ϲ x Ϲ 7777777777  
0 Ϲ x Ϲ 3777777777  
Decimal  
Hexadecimal  
–2147483648 Ϲ x Ϲ 2147483647  
80000000 Ϲ x Ϲ FFFFFFFF  
0 Ϲ x Ϲ 7FFFFFFF  
Example 1: To perform the following calculation and  
produce a binary result:  
101112 + 110102  
Binary mode  
b
F F 3 b  
101112 + 110102  
=
0.  
0.  
b
b
110001.  
Example 2: To perform the following calculation and  
produce an octal result:  
76548 ÷ 1210  
Octal mode  
o
F F 3 o  
0.  
( )  
o
l l l 4  
76548 \  
o
o
l l l 1(d)1210  
0.  
=
516.  
Example 3: To perform the following calculation and  
produce a hexadecimal result:  
12016 or 11012  
Hexadecimal mode F F 3 h  
H
0.  
(
)
or  
12016 l 2  
H
H
( )  
b
l l l 3 11012  
0.  
=
12d.  
E-29  
Integration Calculations  
• The following four inputs are required for integration cal-  
culations: a function with the variable x; a and b, which  
define the integration range of the definite integral; and  
n, which is the number of partitions (equivalent to N=2n)  
for integration using Simpson’s rule.  
expression  
a
b
n
d
P
P
P
T
• Use the COMP mode for integration calculations.  
Example: To calculate: 15 (2x2 + 3x + 8) dx  
2
3
p x K + p x +  
d
8 P 1 P 5 P 6 T  
0.  
=
150.6666667  
Note!  
You can specify an integer in the range of 1 to 9 as the  
number of partitions, or you can skip input of the number  
of partitions entirely, of you want.  
• Internal integration calculations may take considerable  
time to complete.  
• Display contents are cleared while an integration calcu-  
lation is being performed internally.  
Degrees, Minutes, Seconds  
Calculations  
You can perform sexagesimal calculations using degrees  
(hours), minutes, and seconds, and convert between  
sexagesimal and decimal values.  
Example 1: To convert the decimal value 2.258 to a  
sexagesimal value  
2.258 =  
2.258  
A O  
2°15°28.8  
Example 2: To perform the following calculation:  
12°34’56” ҂ 3.45  
0.  
43°24°31.2  
12 I 34 I 56 I - 3.45  
=
E-30  
Technical Information  
k When you have a problem......  
If calculation results are not what you expect or if an error  
occurs, perform the following steps.  
1. F 1 (COMP mode)  
2. F F F 1 (DEG mode)  
3. F F F F 3 1 (NORM 1 mode)  
4. Check the formula you are working with to confirm it is  
correct.  
5. Enter the correct modes to perform the calculation and  
try again.  
<fx-570W/ fx-100W>  
If the above steps do not correct your problem, press the  
P button (see page 35 or 36) on the back of the calculator  
to reset it. Pressing the P button deletes all data stored  
in calculator memory. Make sure you always keep written  
copies of all important data.  
<fx-991W/fx-115W>  
If the above steps do not correct the problem, press the  
5 key. The calculator performs a self-check operation and  
deletes all data stored in memory if any abnormality is  
detected. Make sure you always keep written copies of all  
important data.  
k Error Messages  
The calculator is locked up while an error message is on  
the display. Press t to clear the error, or press e or r  
to display the calculation and correct the problem. See  
“Error Locator” on page 10 for details.  
Ma ERROR  
• Cause  
• Calculation result is outside the allowable calculation  
range.  
• Attempt to perform a function calculation using a value  
that exceeds the allowable input range.  
E-31  
• Attempt to perform an illogical operation (division by  
zero, etc.).  
• Action  
• Check your input values and make sure they are all  
within the allowable ranges. Pay special attention to  
values in any memory areas you are using.  
Stk ERROR  
• Cause  
• Capacity of the numeric stack or operator stack is ex-  
ceeded.  
• Action  
• Simplify the calculation. The numeric stack has 10  
levels and the operator stack has 24 levels.  
• Divide your calculation into two or more separate parts.  
Syn ERROR  
• Cause  
• Attempt to perform an illegal mathematical operation.  
• Action  
• Press e or r to display the calculation with the  
cursor located at the location of the error. Make nec-  
essary corrections.  
Arg ERROR  
• Cause  
• Improper use of argument  
• Action  
• Press e or r to display the location of the cause of  
the error and make required corrections.  
k Order of Operations  
Calculations are performed in the following order of prec-  
edence.  
1 Coordinate transformation: Pol (x, y), Rec (r, θ)  
Integrations: dx  
2 Type A functions:  
With these functions, the value is entered and then the  
function key is pressed.  
x2, xҀ1, x!,  
° ’ ”  
3 Powers and roots: xy, x  
E-32  
4 ab/c  
5 Abbreviated multiplication format in front of π, memory  
name, or variable name: 2π, 5A, πA etc.  
6 Type B functions:  
With these functions, the function key is pressed and  
then the value is entered.  
3
,
, log, In, ex, 10x, sin, cos, tan, sinҀ1, cosҀ1  
,
tanҀ1, sinh, cosh, tanh, sinhҀ1, coshҀ1, tanhҀ1, (Ҁ)  
7 Abbreviated multiplication format in front of Type B  
functions: 2 3, Alog2 etc.  
8 Permutation and combination: nPr, nCr  
9 ҂, Ö  
0 ѿ, Ҁ  
* Operations of the same precedence are performed from  
right to left. exIn  
120 ex{In(  
120)}  
Other operations are performed from left to right.  
* Operations enclosed in parentheses are performed first.  
k Stacks  
This calculator uses memory areas, called “stacks,” to tem-  
porarily store values (numeric stack) and commands (com-  
mand stack) according to their precedence during calcu-  
lations.The numeric stack has 10 levels and the command  
stack has 24 levels. A stack error (Stk ERROR) occurs  
whenever you try to perform a calculation that is so com-  
plex that the capacity of a stack is exceeded.  
E-33  
k Power Supply  
The type of battery you should use depends on the model  
number of your calculator.  
<fx-991W/fx-115W>  
The TWO WAY POWER system actually has two power  
supplies: a solar cell and a G13 Type (LR44) button bat-  
tery. Normally, calculators equipped with a solar cell alone  
can operate only when relatively bright light is present.  
The TWO WAY POWER system, however, lets you con-  
tinue to use the calculator as long as there is enough light  
to read the display.  
• Replacing the Battery  
Either of the following symptoms indicates battery power  
is low, and that the battery should be replaced.  
• Display figures are dim and difficult to read in areas  
where there is little light available.  
• Nothing appears on the display when you press the  
5 key.  
• To replace the battery  
1 Remove the six screws that  
hold the back cover in place  
and then remove the back  
cover.  
Screw  
Screw  
2 Remove the old battery.  
3 Wipe off the sides of new bat-  
tery with a dry, soft cloth.Load  
it into the unit with the posi-  
tive  
can see it).  
side facing up (so you  
k
4 Replace the back cover and  
secure it in place with the six  
screws.  
5 Press 5to turn power on. Be  
sure not to skip this step.  
E-34  
<fx-570W>  
This calculator is powered by single G13 Type (LR44) but-  
ton battery.  
• Replacing the Battery  
Dim figures on the display of the calculator indicate that  
battery power is low. Continued use of the calculator  
when the battery is low can result in improper operation.  
Replace the battery as soon as possible when display  
figures become dim.  
• To replace the battery  
1 Press i to turn power off.  
Screw  
2 Remove the two screws that hold  
the battery cover in place and  
then remove the battery cover.  
3 Remove the old battery.  
4 Wipe off the side of new battery  
with a dry, soft cloth. Load it into  
the unit with the positive  
facing up (so you can see it).  
side  
k
5 Replace the battery cover and  
secure it in place with the two  
screws.  
6 Use a thin, pointed object to  
press the P button. Be sure not  
to skip this step.  
P button  
7 Press L to turn power on.  
E-35  
<fx-100W>  
This calculator is powered by single AA-size battery.  
• Replacing the Battery  
Dim figures on the display of the calculator indicate that  
battery power is low. Continued use of the calculator  
when the battery is low can result in improper operation.  
Replace the battery as soon as possible when display  
figures become dim.  
• To replace the battery  
1 Press i to turn power off.  
2 Remove the six screws  
that hold the back cover in  
place and then remove the  
back cover.  
Screw  
Screw  
3 Remove the old battery.  
4 Load a new battery into the  
unit so it’s positive  
and  
k
negative  
sides are fac-  
l
ing correctly.  
5 Replace the back cover  
and secure it in place with  
the six screws.  
P button  
6 Use a thin, pointed object  
to press the P button. Be  
sure not to skip this step.  
7 Press L to turn power on.  
• Auto Power Off  
Calculator power automatically turns off if you do not per-  
form any operation for about six minutes. When this hap-  
pens, press L (fx-991W/fx-115W:5 ) to turn power back  
on.  
E-36  
k Input Ranges  
Internal digits: 12  
Accuracy: As a rule, accuracy is ±1 at the 10th digit.  
Functions  
Input Range  
sinx  
DEG 0Ϲ xϹ4.499999999҂1010  
RAD 0Ϲ xϹ785398163.3  
GRA 0Ϲ xϹ4.499999999҂1010  
cosx DEG 0Ϲ xϹ4.500000008҂1010  
RAD 0Ϲ xϹ785398164.9  
GRA 0Ϲ xϹ5.000000009҂1010  
tanx DEG Same as sinx, except when x= (2n-1)҂90.  
RAD Same as sinx, except when x= (2n-1)҂π/2.  
GRA Same as sinx, except when x= (2n-1)҂100.  
sin–1x  
0Ϲ xϹ1  
cos–1x  
tan–1x 0Ϲ xϹ9.999999999҂1099  
sinhx  
coshx  
0Ϲ xϹ230.2585092  
sinh–1x  
cosh–1x  
0Ϲ xϹ4.999999999҂1099  
tanhx  
tanh–1x  
0Ϲ xϹ9.999999999҂10-1  
log  
x
/lnx 0 x  
x
10  
–9.999999999҂1099Ϲ x Ϲ 99.99999999  
–9.999999999҂1099Ϲ x Ϲ 230.2585092  
0Ϲ x  1 ҂ 10100  
ex  
x
x2  
xꢀ 1҂ 1050  
1/x  
xꢀ 1҂ 10100  
xꢀ 1҂ 10100  
;
x G  
0
3
x
x!  
0Ϲ x Ϲ 69 (x is an integer)  
E-37  
Functions  
Input Range  
0Ϲ n Ϲ99, r Ϲ n (n, r is an integer)  
1Ϲ {n!/(nr)!} Ϲ 9.999999999҂1099  
0Ϲ n Ϲ99, r Ϲ n (n, r is an integer)  
x, yϹ9.999999999҂1049  
(x2+y2) Ϲ9.999999999҂1099  
0Ϲ r Ϲ9.999999999҂1099  
Rec(r, )  
nPr  
nCr  
Pol(x, y)  
θ: Same as sinx, cosx  
a, b, c  1҂10100  
°’ ”  
0 Ϲ b, c  
xꢀ1҂10100  
Decimal Sexagesimal Conversions  
000000Ϲ xϹ9999990590  
xŒ0: –1҂10100ylogx100  
xy  
x҃0: yŒ0  
x0: y҃n,  
However: –1҂10100 ylogxꢀ100  
1
(n is an integer)  
2n+1  
yŒ0: x G 0  
–1҂101001/x logy100  
x
y
y҃0: xŒ0  
1
y0: x҃2nѿ1, (n G 0; n is an integer)  
n
However: –1҂10100  1/x logyꢀ100  
Total of integer, numerator, and denominator  
must be 10 digits or less (including division  
marks).  
b
a /c  
xꢀ 1҂1050  
yꢀ 1҂1050  
nꢀ 1҂10100  
SD  
(REG) xn, yn, o, p  
A, B, r : n G 0  
xn1,yn1 : n G 0, 1  
* Erros are cumulative with such internal continuous cal-  
3
culations as xy, x x , x!, and x , so accuracy may be  
adversely affected.  
E-38  
Specifications  
Power Supply:  
fx-100W: Single AA-size battery (R6P (SUM-3))  
fx-570W: Single G13Type button battery (LR44)  
fx-115W/fx-991W:  
Solar cell and a single G13 Type button bat-  
tery (LR44)  
Battery Life:  
fx-100W: Approximately 17,000 hours continuous dis-  
play of flashing cursor.  
Approximately 2 years when left with power  
turned off.  
fx-570W: Approximately 12,000 hours continuous dis-  
play of flashing cursor.  
Approximately 3 years when left with power  
turned off.  
fx-115W/fx-991W:  
Approximately 3 years (1 hour use per day).  
Dimensions:  
fx-100W: 19.2(H)i76(W)i164(D) mm  
3/4Љ(H)i3Љ(W)i67/16Љ(D)  
fx-115W/fx-570W/fx-991W:  
10(H)i76(W)i150(D) mm  
3/8Љ(H)i3Љ(W)i57/8Љ(D)  
Weight:  
fx-100W: 114g (4oz) including battery  
fx-115W/fx-570W/fx-991W:85g (3oz) including battery  
Power Consumption: 0.0001W  
Operating Temperature: 0°C ~ 40°C (32°F ~ 104°F)  
E-39  
CASIO ELECTRONICS CO., LTD.  
Unit 6, 1000 North Circular Road,  
London NW2 7JD, U.K.  
CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD.  
6-2, Hon-machi 1-chome  
Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8543, Japan  
SA9810-C Printed in China  
U.S. Pat. 4,410.956  
Imprimé en Chine  
HA310540-1  

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