Zhone Technologies Network Card Network Device User Manual

IMACS Product Book

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section:

Title:

Page

IMACS Product Overview

II.

Chassis and Common Equipment

IMACS Chassis and Backplane

CPU Cards

Interface Cards

WAN Cards

III. Voice Modules and Applications

FXS

FXO

E&M

P-Phone

Voice Channel Bank Application

IV. Data Modules and Applications

HSU

SRU

FRAD

OCU-DP

BRI

DSO-DP

BnR IP Concentrator

PM-IOR

Alarm Cards

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TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTINUED

Section:

Title:

Page

VI. Server Cards

ADPCM

ISDN

Management Channel Concentrator (MCC)

ACS-FRS

ATM

Internet Protocol Router

Low-Bit Rate Voice Server

VII. IMACS System Testing and Diagnostics

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Zhone Technologies, Inc.

IMACS Product Book, Version 4

I. IMACS Product Overview

IMACS

Zhone Technologies’ Integrated Multiple Access Communications Server (IMACS) is a highly flexible and

intelligent Integrated Access Device (IAD) that enables service providers worldwide to offer a wide variety of

business communication services efficiently and cost-effectively. Services include Plain Old Telephone Services

(POTS), analog private lines, Digital Data Networks (DDN), Frame Relay, Integrated Services Digital Network

(ISDN), Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) based services, high-speed Internet access and integrated routing.

The IMACS supports V.35, V.11/X.21, HDSL, T1, E1, fractional T1, fractional E1 and DS3 network interfaces. For

user connectivity, a variety of interfaces are available to support analog and digital devices.

An integrated Digital Cross Connect is available to consolidate multiple voice, data and T1/E1 services. In addition,

IMACS offers a powerful array of built-in network diagnostic and fault isolation capabilities. These include built-in

Bit Error Rate Testers, test tone and signaling state generation, digital and analog loop-back support and remote

configuration and control. The Server slots on the IMACS platform enable provisioning advanced services such as

voice compression (ADPCM and ACELP), ISDN call handling, Frame Relay switching and concentration, MCC

and ATM adaptation.

Three types of IMACS chassis are available. The IMACS 600, IMACS 800 and IMACS 900 differ in their card

capacity and front or rear card install options. All models support the same range of modular cards, power supplies

and system redundancy options. All IMACS systems can be fully managed either with local craft interface with a

VT100 or PC or through a network management system using SNMP.

The IMACS is a component of a complete line of managed, integrated access solutions from Zhone Technologies.

Figure 1 shows how the service provider can deliver a complete suite of fast, efficient and reliable business

communication services to the customers by deploying the Sechtor 300, IMACS, the StreamLine and the Z-Plex 10.

Internet

Sonet

Ring

• ISDN

Z-Plex 10

ATM

• POTS

Add/Drop

Multiplexer

• Private Data

• Private Voice

• (PBX)

PSTN

M13

• Frame Relay

• ATM

StreamLine

Secht

• Internet

• Extranet

• Intranet

• Video

3/1/0 DACS

GR303 NS.2

VT/VC Grooming

IMACS

Figure 1 - IMACS Product Family

March 2001

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Zhone Technologies, Inc.

IMACS Product Book, Version 4

IMACS Features and Benefits

Flexibility and Intelligence

Global Standards Compliant—ensures product can be integrated in any international telecommunications network.

Provisioning for extensive array of services and applications—flexibility which enables providers to generate

revenues without replacing existing equipment.

Concurrent support for Circuit, Packet, Frame, and Cell processing—single solution for service providers to use

rather than purchasing and managing multiple boxes and networks.

Cost-effective migration path to emerging access services and technologies - investment protection.

SNMP Manageable—industry-wide accepted standard for network management a Remote software download

capability—time and technical support resources savings.

Modular Architecture

Ease of service and capacity expansion—preserves existing investment and reduces any need to forklift upgrade

from old equipment.

Flexibility of provisioning technologies using multi-bus architecture- analog, digital, packet, frame, cell, etc.—

enables carriers to offer various services and be a “one-stop” provider which generates more revenues.

Interchangeable set of User, WAN, and Server cards determine application set.

Well-designed chassis to fit into a variety of standard racks.

Powerful User Interface and Remote Management Capabilities

Fully configurable through software—locally and remotely—eliminates need to send out technical support

personnel to multiple sites, saving time and money.

Remote software upgrade capability on various cards—eliminates need to purchase new cards.

System Integrity Features

Low power consumption.

Single chassis redundancy of power supply, CPU, network interfaces and converter.

Choice of clock synchronization sources with automatic clock fallback to alternate choice.

Ease of Maintenance and Enhancement

Multiple maintenance ports for WAN, data and voice modules.

Extensive system-wide built-in diagnostics and fault isolation tests.

Continuous alarm monitoring.

Local and remote alarm logging.

Easy access to customer technical support.

Hot swappable cards.

March 2001

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Zhone Technologies, Inc.

IMACS Product Book, Version 4

IMACS Architecture Overview

The IMACS chassis architecture supports three types of buses and five card types. The buses are the:

•

User

WAN

Server

Communicating through the buses are the following five card types:

•

CPU

WAN

User

Server

Interface

Each system has at least one CPU, WAN and one Interface card. These three cards provide common functions for

the shelf. The WAN, User, and Server cards provide the specific voice/data terminal and network interfaces and

processing required by the customer to transfer voice and data traffic from the customer premise to the network.

IMACS architecture has specific card slots, which are tailored to provide either a WAN, User or Server function.

IMACS System Bus Architecture

The IMACS is a multiprocessor-based platform that handles today’s network access needs and provides a migration

path to the wide range of services of the future. A unique multi-bus architecture provides this flexibility by off-

loading and isolating the Wide Area Network (WAN) link processing tasks from those of inter-processor

communications and channel I/O (input/output) control and signaling. The CPU card employs multiple

communication buses extended through the back plane to the User, Server, WAN and Interface Cards. The CPU

uses these buses to configure hardware on User, Server, WAN, or Interface cards and solicit status. Depending on

the intelligence on the card, the CPU may either read or write to the card’s hardware registers or send and receive

messages using a messaging protocol.

This design approach yields two significant advantages over other access multiplexers. First, the off-loading of

processing tasks across the multi-bus reduces system overhead, thereby improving the effective throughput and

performance. Second, the isolation of functions allows rapid design and development of new network access

compatible WAN functions. As the new functions are introduced, they occupy the Server card slot and do not

impact or disrupt an existing system. For instance, the design of the Frame Relay Server card was performed

utilizing the Server processor bus and is independent of other existing or future IMACS functions. When a Frame

Relay server card is installed, it can perform Frame Relay access concentration on WAN links and fractional

channels assigned to the IMACS. Figure 2 shows a functional block diagram of the IMACS’s multi-bus architecture

and the manner in which functions are isolated.

March 2001

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Zhone Technologies, Inc.

IMACS Product Book, Version 4

DSX

G.703 CEPT

CSU

NETWORK

MANAGEMENT

SNMP AGENT

HDSL

SERVER FUNCTIONS

NODE

MANAGEMENT

ISDN PRI

FRAME RELAY

VOICE COMP

WAN CONNECTIVITY

MODEM

TELNET

VT100

I/O X CONNECT

MANAGEMENT

COMMUNICATION

RITS

EXTERNAL ALARMS

ATM

ISDN

BRI

LAN

DIGITAL

ACCESS

VOICE

DATA

OCU-DP

‘U’ INTERFACE

FXO

FXS

SUB-RATE

IP/IPX ROUTING

n x 56/64

FRAD

DSO-DP

G.703

‘S/T’ INTERFACE

BRIDGING

E&M

Figure 2 - IMACS Architecture

User Buses

The User buses are essentially a group of four Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) highways, each 2.048 Mbps in

capacity, and named A, B, C, and D. They are utilized by the User cards to format their traffic for further processing

either by Server or WAN cards. User cards are intended to provide physical interfaces to data or voice equipment

that either resides on site or is remotely connected over low speed analog or digital facilities. Server cards may

interface with these buses directly; whereas a cross-connect or bus connect CPU is required to interface the user

buses to WAN cards.

IMACS Voice cards are designed to use the A and B buses only. When there are voice cards installed, the CPU

allocates bandwidth on the A or B buses to these modules first. It then may utilize the remaining A and B bus

bandwidth for any other User cards inserted into the shelf. Most Data Cards can be configured to use all 4 user

buses.

WAN Buses

The WAN buses are a group of eight Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) highways, each 2.048 Mbps in capacity,

and named W1-1, W1-2, W2-1, W2-2, W3-1, W3-2, W4-1 and W4-2, respectively. They are utilized by the WAN

cards to format their traffic for transmission to high-speed digital facilities via the physical connector on the

Interface card. A WAN link is typically a T1, CEPT-E1, DSX-1 or HDSL facility connection. There are four WAN

card slots in an IMACS chassis. Each WAN card slot has 8 leads connected to the Interface card, which can be used

to support a T1/E1 facility. The fourth WAN slot has all the WAN connections from the other 3 slots in addition to

its own. These connections all terminate on the fourth WAN slot to support the WAN redundancy feature. The

WAN in the fourth slot can substitute for one of the other WAN cards by connecting the redundant WAN card to the

facility leads of the failed WAN card.

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Zhone Technologies, Inc.

IMACS Product Book, Version 4

Server Buses

The Server buses are all the buses that are accessible by the Server cards. Effectively this is the union of User buses

and WAN bases. This enables the Server cards to provide a data processing function for WAN and User cards. The

Server/Server card typically provides a centralized processing function on data initially entering the system from

User or WAN connections.

A Server/Server card has the same highway interfaces as a CPU card with cross-connect functionality. A Server

card can therefore function as a general cross-connect, or can rely on the cross-connect on the CPU, as needed by

the application. The directions of the highways may be reversed, depending on whether a Server card is interfacing

with User/WAN cards or with another CPU/Server card. For example, when a Server card is interfacing with

User/Wan cards, it will drive the same TDM highways a CPU card normally drives. When interfacing to a CPU

card it will drive the same TDM leads of a highway as a User/WAN card drive. When interfacing to another Server

card, both cards may have to be programmed as to which highway lead to drive on and which to receive on. It may

have to be able to drive and receive on both of the transmit and receive highways on a per time slot basis.

Card Type Summary

The IMACS chassis architecture supports five basic types of cards. They are the Central Processing Unit (CPU)

card, Interface card, Wide Area Network (WAN) card, User card and Server card. Each IMACS system has at least

one CPU and WAN card and one Interface card. These three cards provide common functions for the shelf. The

WAN, User, and Server cards provide the specific data terminal and network interfaces and processing required by

the customer to transfer data from the premise to the network. IMACS architecture has specific card slots, which are

tailored to provide either a WAN, User or Server function.

CPU Card

The CPU is the “brain” of the IMACS and performs most of the configuration, management, and MIB and common

processing for the IMACS. In addition the CPU card provides the interconnection of WAN, User, and Server TDM

buses through a bus connect or cross-connect function. The IMACS can have up to 2 CPU cards, which provide a

redundant control and switching complex. If the primary CPU fails, the standby takes over. A Mini-DACS 1/0

cross-connect for 256 DSOs is available.

Interface Card

The interface card has common hardware, which is managed by the active CPU card. Configuration information

processed on the CPU card is stored in the NVRAM on the interface card. It has interfaces to support a modem,

control terminal, management port, printer, alarm relay, and provides the physical connection to the eight T1/E1

interfaces used by the WAN cards. The card also contains the clock hardware, which provides the entire back plane

timing signals for the PCM buses. One Interface card is required per system.

WAN Card

The WAN cards provide electrical interfaces to high-speed digital facilities, which are connected via the Interface

card. The WAN cards take the voice and data traffic off the TDM bus, which was put there by the User and Server

cards, and transmit the information over a WAN link. A WAN link is typically a T1, CEPT-E1, DSX-1, or HDSL

facility connection. The WAN cards support a 1:N redundancy feature with Cross Connect CPUs only.

March 2001

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Zhone Technologies, Inc.

IMACS Product Book, Version 4

Voice Card

The IMACS supports a wide-variety of cards to support voice channel bank applications. Typically they are a

family of cards each of which provides 8 ports, which translate the analog signal to PCM and translate the signaling

information from the analog interface for transmission over a digital facility. The interfaces supported include FXS,

FXO, E&M, FXS Coin, FXO Coin and P-phone.

Data Card

The IMACS supports multiple types of data cards for transport of Digital Data in 2, 4, 8 or 10 port models. They

include High-speed synchronous V.35, EIA530, RS449, RS422, V.1 data, low speed RS232, V.24 data, DDS traffic

(Digital Data via an OCU-DP or DSO-DP) and ISDN-BRI traffic.

Server Card

The Server cards provide voice and data processing functions for WAN voice and User cards. The Server card

typically provides a centralized processing function on traffic initially entering the system from User or WAN

connections. The function is implemented, as a Server card when processing is needed on the data, following the

termination of the physical interface layer. One example is protocol processing, where information needs to be

extracted from a bit oriented protocol entering from one port, is processed, and sent out another port. The hardware

function of the protocol processing is separated from the hardware required to support the physical interfaces.

Traffic may arrive from time slots over a WAN link, or via an FXS card. An example is the ADPCM voice

compression server card. The compressed voice data can be extracted from selected time slots of T1/E1 WAN links,

and then expanded by ADPCM Server module. This can be accomplished without each WAN card having the

hardware required to compress all its channels. Server cards can also be used to perform a high-speed trunking and

aggregation function for the shelf. In these applications a Server card may have a high-speed cable or optical

interface. An example of a high-speed aggregation function on a Server card is the ATM Server card, which has a

high-speed DS3 interface. Other examples are the Frame Relay module for Frame Relay concentration, ISDN-PRI,

Inverse-muxing, or Low Bit Rate Voice (LBRV).

Redundancy and Load Sharing

IMACS supports load sharing and redundancy of the following critical system modules:

•

System Power Supply Unit

CPU Card

WAN Card

ADPCM Voice Compression Card

Power Supply Redundancy

The IMACS Power Supply Units can support load sharing power redundancy and require the installation of two

identical power supplies in the unit. The status of the power supplies is reported via LEDs that are visible through

the front panel. Both IMACS power supplies load share in supplying all the power signals on a shelf. This includes

120/240 VAC, 24 VDC and -48VDC (when equipped). The IMACS power supplies are fully equipped with “ORing

Diodes” on all power rails. Therefore, insertion and removal of power supplies are non-intrusive to system

operation. Depending on system configuration, a single power supply can fully support the system. The main

IMACS CPUs are also equipped with power supply monitoring functions. This capability enables the CPU boards

to monitor the instantaneous levels of all voltages in the system. This provides immediate alarming of failed power

supplies by the active CPU card.

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Zhone Technologies, Inc.

IMACS Product Book, Version 4

CPU Card Redundancy

The IMACS CPU cards typically support redundant operation when paired with an identical CPU card. The CPUs

communicate with each other once every second. If there is a problem with the standby CPU (i.e., communications

transfer did not take place), an alarm is raised by the active CPU, indicating a problem with the standby CPU. The

active CPU monitoring is achieved via hardwire watchdog timers on the Interface Card. The Interface Card’s

hardware timers are sensing specific control points from the controlling CPU circuit pack. These timers require only

8 seconds to detect and reset to the redundant blinking CPU card.

WAN Card Redundancy

The IMACS Dual WAN cards in conjunction with a Dual WAN card with Relays support a 1-to-N redundancy. For

redundant operation, the redundant WAN card will be located in the last WAN slot which is marked W4 and can be

used in systems with cross connect CPUs to act as a redundant card for up to three Dual WAN cards containing the

same modules. Both ports of the redundant card must be populated with either the DSX/CEPT or CSU module and

must be an exact match to any corresponding WAN Cards with which it is redundant.

All IMACS WAN cards communicate with the active CPU card every half-second. If the WAN card fails to

properly communicate with the active CPU card, the WAN card is declared failed and a switch occurs. These

actions occur within an eight second time frame. The WAN card failures can also occur from craft defined rules.

These rules are based on Carrier Group Alarm (CGA) declaration assignments. A CGA switch will occur 1.5

seconds after a CGA declaration, or forced “OOS” command from the User Interface (UI). The WAN card will

remain in the switched condition for 20 seconds, or until synchronization can be achieved. If synchronization is not

achieved, the WAN switch will return to its original state. If the switch is successful, the active CPU issues an

alarm and the WAN switch continues in a steady state operation.

ADPCM Redundancy

The IMACS Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM) Server card provides 1-to-N redundancy when

used with 2 other identical cards. The ADPCM card has on-board diagnostics that can detect a failure in one second,

and switch in three seconds.

System Synchronization and Clocking

The Interface card includes a Stratum 4 clock circuit, which is capable of running off its own crystal oscillator or

phase locking to a 8 KHz reference clock on the back plane. Any card plugged into the back plane that connects to a

network-like facility can be programmed to supply the reference clock input to the Stratum 4 Clock. As an option, a

separate external timing source may be used on a specific interface card.

The IMACS supports a three-tiered hierarchy of system clocking sources that are provisioned under the interface

card menu options. Should the Primary source fail, the system will fall back onto the Secondary source. Should

both Primary and Secondary sources fail, the system will default to its internal Stratum 4 clock. In all cases,

recovery is automatic should the failed clock(s) recover.

Both the Primary and Secondary clocks can be user-programmed to be derived from the following:

•

IMACS system’s internal oscillator.

Any of the WAN interfaces in the system.

A server card such as the ATM, which can provide timing through the DS3 link.

A user card such as the BRI.

An external synchronization device (framed T1 and unframed E1) through an 8922 I/F card.

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Zhone Technologies, Inc.

IMACS Product Book, Version 4

The system will switch to the backup clock source upon detection of one of the following conditions in the currently

active source:

•

CGA Red Alarm.

CGA Yellow Alarm.

Out-Of-Service (OOS) condition.

Clock source is placed in loop back mode.

Clock source is placed in standby mode.

IMACS System Management

When the IMACS’ active CPU runs the IP protocol stack, it provides SNMP and Telnet support for management of

local and remote IMACS units as well as provides for routing of IP datagrams to other IMACS systems. The Telnet

protocol is a remote terminal protocol that allows any PC or workstation equipped with a TELNET client application

to establish terminal sessions with an IMACS.

The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a widely adopted industry standard method of providing

common network management control. A typical SNMP management architecture involves a Manager, such as

Zhone Technologies’ Element Management System (EMS) product and an SNMP Agent, which is responsible for

providing device management data to the manager. Agents come in two forms: Embedded and Proxy. Embedded

agents run directly on the device being managed, while Proxy agents require an intermediate system to translate

from a proprietary messaging format. The IMACS uses Embedded SNMP agents to report management information

to the manager.

SNMP is a protocol standard that specifies how management data should be transported between an Agent and a

Manager. SNMP MIBs (Management Information Base) specifies what comprises the management data. There are

multiple MIBs that address many types of computer and telecommunications equipment. Some of these are defined

as standards and are referred to by their RFC (Request For Comment) number. Other MIBs are specific to the

device being managed and are referred to as Enterprise MIBs. The IMACS supports the following standard and

enterprise MIBs:

•

MIB-II (RFC 1213)

DS1 MIB (RFC 1406)

Alarm MIB (Traps to RFC 1215)

Cross Connect MIB

Frame Relay MIB RFC1604

Frame Relay DTE MIB - RFC 1315

MCC MIB

ATM Forum UNI3.0 MIB

DS3 MIB (RFC 1495)

AToM MIB (RFC 1595)

Standard MIBs are written to provide management data on a wide number of devices, and in some cases not all of

the parameters of a MIB are appropriate for the device being managed. Therefore extensions or omissions may be

required in any standards based MIB.

The IMACS offers several methods of transporting the SNMP and Telnet traffic from remote sites to the Network

Management.

These methods include transport via:

•

PPP or SLIP.

FDL for T1 ESF mode or E1 National Bit 4.

B7R Encoded Time Slots 24 (T1) or 31 (E1).

Nx64 HDLC or FR available on CPU5.

Frame Relay Management PVC.

ATM Management PVC.

March 2001

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Zhone Technologies, Inc.

IMACS Product Book, Version 4

IMACS Management Via PPP or SLIP

IMACS alarms are reported either to a local device or via an internal 2400 bps modem in a proprietary ASCII

format to a central site. Additionally, the IMACS can be optioned to use TCP/IP and encode alarms as standard

SNMP traps. One method of transmitting TCP/IP management information and SNMP traps is to activate the Serial

Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) on the DB-9 port set at 9.6 Kbps. requires that a routed network exists and has full

connectivity back to the location where the SNMP-based NMS resides. Figure 4 illustrates how terminal servers are

used to provide connectivity from the IMACS’ serial interface to the router-based network. A typical NMS scenario

is described below:

Remote Site 1

Router

Remote Site 2

PBX

CODEC

PBX

CODEC

Router

IMACS

Frame Relay

Network

Terminal

Server

Terminal

Server

NMS

Figure 3 - IMACS Connectivity to Terminal Servers

1. An alarm occurs in the IMACS on the left side of the diagram and an SNMP trap is sent out the serial port on

the interface card.

2. A serial port of a Terminal Server that is configured for SLIP or PPP accepts the SNMP trap and forwards it

over the Ethernet LAN.

3. The IP destination is the NMS; where it is picked up by the router for delivery to the NMS.

4. The router forwards the trap and other traffic destined for remote LANs, via its Frame Relay WAN connection.

The router is connected through the IMACS to a Frame Relay network. The Frame Relay Network delivers the

SNMP trap to the Operations Center on the right side of the diagram.

5. At the Operations Center, the IMACS, acting as a DSU/CSU, delivers traffic to the router.

6. The router places the SNMP trap onto the appropriate LAN where the NMS resides.

7. The NMS acknowledges and processes the trap. At this point an operator, noticing this new alarm, could initiate

a TELNET session back to the originating IMACS or could browse the MIBs from the NMS.

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Zhone Technologies, Inc.

IMACS Product Book, Version 4

As shown in Figure 4 the IMACS supports multiple methods of communicating SNMP messages and Telnet

terminal sessions between an end node and the network management station. The addition of PPP support allows

the IMACS to connect to routers or terminal servers to establish a connectivity path to the network management

station. The utilization of PPP is similar to that of SLIP.

PSTN

T1/E1

Frame

Relay

PBX

PPP

Router

Figure 4 - SNMP Messages and Telnet Sessions on IMACS

IMACS Management Using FDL/SA4

Another method of transporting IP datagrams is via the Facility Data Link (FDL) on a T1 link using the Extended

Super Frame (ESF) format. The FDL channel is a 4 Kbps channel available on the DS1 frame in the ESF overhead.

The SA4 bits in the frame alignment word of the E1 constitute the equivalent for E1. This method requires that a

DACS II is used in the central office, and is provisioned to extract the FDL / SA4 stream from the T1 /E1 and map it

into a DS0 channel. DS0 channels from each remote node are then transported to an IMACS equipped with a B7R

or MCC card so that IP datagrams can be extracted.

The use of the 4 Kbps FDL to carry management information across the network is illustrated in Figure 6. The

remote IMACS at the top of the figure are terminated in a DACS II. The remote IMACS transport the TCP/IP

management information across the FDL. The DACS II transforms the FDL channel into a DS0 channel using its

proprietary B7R encoding scheme. These DS0s, carrying management information are combined with other DS0s

carrying user information and arrive at the IMACS as shown in the bottom of the figure.

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Zhone Technologies, Inc.

IMACS Product Book, Version 4

IMACS

FDL over ESF

IMACS

DACS

Each FDL is mapped

to a separate DS0

NMS

38.4 kbps SLIP

Terminal

Server

IMACS

Concentrator Node

Figure 5 - IMACS Management Using FDL

The management DS0s are connected internally to the B7R card with a limit of eight management DS0s per card.

The output of the B7R card is RS-232 at up to 38.4 Kbps using SLIP. This output is fed into a terminal server or a

router and transported to a NMS. Alternatively, the SLIP Async stream can be connected directly into a locally

attached NMS if a port is available. Furthermore, the MCC server card supports up to 128 remote connections.

IMACS Management Using B7R encoded DS0 (TS 24 for T1 and TS 31 for E1)

A third method is to carry IP traffic in a DS1’s time slot 24 or E1’s time slot 31. This method requires that each

time slot 24/31 from multiple remote nodes are groomed in the network into a single T1, and are transported to an

IMACS equipped with a B7R or MCC card so that IP data can be extracted.

A B7R card or a MCC card is used in the IMACS at the central site to accept and decode SNMP network

management information from up to eight remote IMACS (via separate DS0s) (128 for MCC). The IMACS at the

remote sites can place SNMP traps and other IP traffic in a B7R encoded DS0 (time slot 24/31). A B7R card is not

required at the remote sites. At the central site a B7R/MCC card is required only if the B7R / DS0 transport

mechanism is utilized.

The TCP/IP option must be available to support the B7R function. If the SNMP traps and associated TELNET

sessions are carried in a B7R encoded DS-0 from the originating IMACS (instead of within the FDL), a DACS II is

not required. In this case the NMS data from the originating IMACS is formatted by the remote IMACS’s CPU in

the same B7R format as would have been generated by the DACS II if the FDL scheme was used. In either case, a

B7R or MCC card is required at the NMS concentrator site. The B7R card is a User card, therefore up to eight B7R

cards may reside in an IMACS node, supporting eight DS0s each, for a total of 64 remote sites per IMACS. The

MCC card is a server card, supporting up to 128 remote IMACS nodes. A total of 3 MCC cards are supported per

concentrator node.

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IMACS Product Book, Version 4

To manage the IMACS containing the B7R card, a separate SLIP/PPP connection from the DB9 on the interface

card is required. The local IMACS cannot route its own SNMP information to an internal B7R card. For example,

if a network has eight remote nodes, two SLIP connections are required at the central site - one for the eight remote

IMACS and one for the local IMACS.

The Management Channel Concentrator (MCC) card allows management of the local system as well as 128 remote

IMACS nodes. The remote systems may either be communicating using B7R on TS 24 (T1) or B4R on TS31 (E1)

directly, via a cross-connect or be using FDL (T1) /SA4 (E1) with a DACS version 6.2 or equivalent. In addition,

the MCC card has also four ports configurable with for a variable number of nx64 kbit DS0s. These can be used to

forward already concentrated IP traffic down to a second MCC card.

Any SNMP manager can receive the SNMP trap and respond by initiating a TELNET session with the originating

IMACS for diagnostics and control. Note that the local and remote reporting feature of the IMACS is disabled if the

TCP/IP network management feature is active. The IMACS supports sending traps up to three SNMP trap servers,

allowing alarms to be sent to multiple network management stations.

However, once the cards are installed and the chassis populated, these identifiers are no longer visible.

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Zhone Technologies, Inc.

IMACS Product Book, Version 4

a) E & M card with 2713 Hz Loop back – Module# 811760:

This feature will provide digital loop back (both audio and signaling) when activated by a 2713 Hz tone of specified

level and duration. The requirements are provided by BellCore PUB 42004. When a validated tone is detected the

channel should disconnect the user and provide loop back of signals (audio and signaling) received from the

network. The loop back must be performed without inserting any gain or loss in the path. After tone activation, the

channel shall remain in the loop back mode unless deactivated for a period of 20 minutes (+/- 1 minute) after which

the channel shall automatically revert to the idle (non loop back) mode.

b) (Optional) P-Phone Line card with 8 ports (PPS Module# 812160 and PPO Module#

813160):

The purpose of this feature is to provide an 8-port P-Phone Line card in the Streamline for Host 1.2. The P-Phone

line card is used by Nortel to support transport of P-Phone service. There are two applications of the line card, one

at the Office end (P-Phone Office – PPO), and one at the Station end (P-Phone Station – PPS). Hence, PPO and

PPS are two user cards designed to support connectivity between a Nortel SL-100 PBX or DMS-100 based Centrex

PBX and Nortel M5000 series Electronic Business Sets (P-Phones). The P-Phone is an electronic telephone set

capable of supporting premium Meridian Digital Centrex (MDC) features offered by the local DMS switch. The

data channel allows out-of-band signaling between the P-Phone and the DMS switch. This data channel allows the

user to activate MDC features, such as conference calling by simply pushing keys on the P-Phone set, and for the

DMS to deliver information, such as caller identification, to the P-Phone display. This P-Phone line card encodes the

received out-of-band signaling tones, transports them across the carrier and decodes the digital representation back

to out-of-band tones at the other end. Hence, this line card simply repeats the signaling end-to-end.

The market for P-Phones is by definition limited to Nortel switches and PBXs: DMS100 (Class 5 switch), DMS500

(Combination of Class 5 and a Tandem switch), DMS10 (Lower capacity switch for rural areas) and SL100 (Large

Enterprise PBX).

P-Phones supported include: M5000 series business sets, models M5009, M5112, M5209, M5212 and M5312.

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Zhone Technologies, Inc.

IMACS Product Book, Version 4

II. IMACS Chassis and Common Equipment

1. IMACS Chassis and Back Plane

The IMACS is available in three chassis models to meet various space/capacity requirements. They are the IMACS

600 Universal Enclosure, the IMACS 800 Universal Enclosure and the IMACS 900 Universal Enclosure.

IMACS 800 Universal Enclosure

The IMACS 800 Universal Enclosure provides card slots on both the front and back of the unit for both front and

rear loading. These are sometimes referred to as the “Network” and “User” sides respectively. There are nine card

slots that are accessible from the front and an additional nine that are accessible from the back. Card slots are

intended to accommodate specific card types and are keyed so that only those card types may be inserted in those

slots. A CPU card may be inserted in either Slot C1 or C2. Two CPUs can be installed in Slots C1 and C2

simultaneously to provide CPU redundancy. All IMACS Universal Enclosure models are NEBS (TR63) approved.

The nine front card slots are allocated and shown in Figure 7 as follows:

Slot Number

C1 and C2

Card Types Supported

CPU cards

P1, P2 and P3

W1, W2, W3 and W4

Server cards

WAN cards

JP1

C1 C2 P1 P2 P3 W1 W2 W3 W4

Figure 6 - IMACS 800 Universal Enclosure—Front View

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IMACS Product Book, Version 4

The nine back card slots are designated as IF and U1 through U8 respectively and are allocated and shown in Figure

7 as follows:

Slot Number

Card Types Supported

Interface card

U1 through U8

Voice, Data and External Alarm cards

IF U1 U2 U3 U4 U5 U6 U7 U8

Figure 7 - IMACS 800 Universal Enclosure—Rear View

In addition to the card slots described above, the IMACS 800 chassis accommodates a power supply and ringing

generator system. The power and ringing system can consist of up to two power supplies, two 120/240VAC-to-

48VDC Converters, and up to three ringing generators. Five ringing generators can be supported in a system if there

are no 120/240VAC-to-48VDC Converters installed. The maximum power consumption of an IMACS is 125

Watts. Power supplies are inserted into either of the two power slot positions (F1 and F2) from the front of the

chassis.

The IMACS 800, 900 and 600 models support load sharing power redundancy. To achieve redundancy, the

installation of two identical power supplies is required. The power supply status is reported via LEDs that are

visible through the front panel. Alarm messages are generated when one of the two power supplies malfunctions or

fails.

IMACS 900 Universal Enclosure

The IMACS 900 Universal Enclosure has the same capacity as and provides the same module slots in a front-

loading only “repackaged” version of the IMACS 800 chassis.

There are nine slots that are referred to as the “Network” cards and an additional nine (9) that are “User” cards

respectively. CPU card installation and slot allocation is the same as the IMACS 800. The nine network card slots

are allocated the same as the IMACS 800 and are shown in Figure 9. The nine user card slots are designated as IF

and U1 through U8 respectively and are the same as the IMACS 800.

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Zhone Technologies, Inc.

IMACS Product Book, Version 4

RGR

V_N

V_A

V_B

COM

JP1

C1 C2

P1 P2 P3 W 1 W 2 W3 W 4 IF U1 U2 U3 U4 U5 U6 U7 U8

Figure 8 - IMACS 900 Universal Enclosure

In addition to the card slots described above, the IMACS 900 chassis supports the same power supply and ringing

generator system as the IMACS 800. Power supply loading is done the same way as the IMACS 800.

IMACS 600 Front Load Enclosure

The IMACS 600 Universal Enclosure provides card slots only on the front of the unit as shown in Figure 10.

This chassis is ideally suited for wall mount installations. In contrast to the IMACS 800 and 900 Enclosures (where

User, CPU, WAN, and Server Cards were installed in the dedicated card slots), the IMACS 600 chassis allows user

cards to be installed in any unused Server card or WAN card slot.

Slot Number

C1 and C2

P1-P4

W1-W4

Card Types Supported

CPU card

Any Server or User card

Any WAN or User card

Interface card

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Zhone Technologies, Inc.

IMACS Product Book, Version 4

JP1

C1 C2 P1 P2 P3 P4 W1 W2 W3 W4 IF

Figure 9 - IMACS 600 Universal Enclosure

In addition to the card slots described above, the IMACS 600 Universal Enclosure accommodates two power

supplies or one AC Power Supply, one AC-DC converter, and one ringing generator.

Physical and Environmental Characteristics

The IMACS Universal Enclosure dimensions are shown in Table 1.

Table 1--IMACS Dimensions

Chassis

Model

600

Height

in.

9.120

15.375

Width

Depth

23.16

39.05

17.042

16.918

43.29

42.97

9.131

15.300

9.105

23.19

38.86

23.13

800

900

The IMACS 600/800/900 can be mounted on:

•

EIA 19” (482 mm) standard open rack

Enclosed Cabinet or a WECO 23” (584 mm) standard open rack

Enclosed Cabinet (by using adapter ears)

Wall-mounted (with 4 screws)

Desktop

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Zhone Technologies, Inc.

IMACS Product Book, Version 4

All the IMACS units are convection-cooled and require some minimum clearances for optimum operation.

Clearance requirements also account for distance required for removal and insertion of cards from/into the

chassis. The minimum clearances are shown in Table 2.

Table 2—IMACS Minimum Clearances

600

800

900

Front

Back

Top

15” (38 cm) 15” (38 cm) 15” (38 cm)

0” (0 cm)

2” (5 cm)

15” (38 cm)

2” (5 cm)

0” (0 cm)

2” (5 cm)

Bottom

In all cases, the unit must be installed in an environment that meets the following specifications:

AC power (120VAC):

AC power (120/240 VAC):

DC power (-48 VDC):

DC power (24 VDC):

Power consumption:

90 VAC to 135 VAC

175 VAC to 264 VAC

-42 VDC to -60 VDC OR-39VDC TO -60VDC

20 to 32 VDC OR -18VDC TO 36 VDC

125 Watts

Operating temperature:

0 C to 50 C (41 F to 121 F)

Storage temperature:

Operating Rel. Humidity:

-20 C to 80 C (-4 F to 176 F)

5% to 85%

The IMACS Universal Enclosures conform to the following regulatory standards shown in Table 3.

Table 3—IMACS Compliance With Regulatory Standards

ANSI 310-D

UL 459

Racks, Panels, and Associated Equipment

Telephone Equipment

Bellcore GR-63-CORE

Network Equipment-Building System (NEBS), Level 3

Requirements: Physical Protections

Bellcore GR-1089-CORE, Issue 1

Bellcore TR-NWT-000295 Issue 2

CE EN 500 81-1

Electrical compatibility and electrical safety generic criteria

for network telecommunications equipment

Isolated Ground Planes: Definition and Application to

Telephone Central Offices

Electromagnetic compatibility generic emission standard

Part 1 Residential, commercial and light industry

Electromagnetic compatibility generic immunity standard

Part 1 Residential, commercial and light industry

Safety of information technology equipment including

electrical business equipment

CE EN 500 82-1

CE EN 60 950/A2

UL 1459

CSA C22.2, No. 950, DOC CS03

UL Standard for Safety of Telephone Equipment

Safety of information technology equipment including

electrical business equipment

FCC Part 68 – Subpart B

Requirements for Connection of Terminal Equipment

Systems and Protective Apparatus to the Telephone Network

Racks, Panels, and Associated Equipment

Subpart B

IEC 297-1

FCC Part 15

Power Supplies

The IMACS has six power supplies and two ring generators, which can be installed or configured depending on the

application. Power supply models 8901, 8902 and 8907 provide +/-5VDC and +/-12VDC. As shown in table 4, the

main difference between these models is the input voltage.

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IMACS Product Book, Version 4

Models 8903, 8905 and 8908 power supplies provide -48 VDC talk battery voltage from an AC input voltage. As

shown in table 4, the difference between models 8903 and 8905 is the input voltage range. Model 8905 has a much

wider input voltage range. Allowing it to operate from any AC line voltage, where as model 8903 has a limited

range. Model 8908 can only be used with the 900 chassis. It also has the benefit of a wide input voltage range but

with the addition of providing 300 watts of talk battery power.

Table 4—Power Supply Specifications

Model 8901 AC Power Supply 120/240 AC

Input Voltage

Self-detecting, 90VAC to 135 VAC at 60HZ

175 VAC to 264 VAC at 50 Hz

Input Frequency

Inrush Surge Current

Output Power

47 to 63 Hz

Max. 12 amp peak at 264 VAC cold start

55W Continuous

Maximum Number per system

Redundancy

Optional

Ventilation

Convection cooled

Protection

Unit is fused and protected from short circuits and over-

voltage

Approvals

UL 1459, EN 60950, CSA-C22.2 No.950, CE Mark

Model 8902 DC Power Supply 48 VDC

Input Voltage

Inrush Surge Current

Output Power

Maximum Number per system

Redundancy

-39 to -60 VDC

Maximum 12 amp at 60VDC

55 Watts Continuous

Optional

Ventilation

Convection cooled

Protection

Unit is fused protected from short circuits and overage

Unit is diode protected from reversed polarity

UL 1459, EN60950, CSA-C22.2 No.950, CE Mark

Approvals

Model 8907 DC Power Supply 24 VDC,

Input Voltage

18 to 36 VDC

Inrush Surge Current

Output Power:

Maximum Number per system

Redundancy

Maximum 12 amp at 36 VDC

55 Watts Continuous

Optional

Ventilation

Convection cooled

Protection

Unit is fuse protected from short circuits and over-voltage

Unit is diode protected from reverse polarity

Approvals

UL 1459, EN60950, CSA-C22.2 No.950, CE Mark

Model 8903 Power Supply 120 VAC

Input Voltage

90VAC to 132 VAC

Input Frequency

60 Hz

Inrush Surge Current

Output Voltage

Max. 20amp peak at 132 VAC cold start

-48.0 VDC

Maximum Number per system

Redundancy

Optional

Ventilation

Convection cooled

Protection

Unit is fused and protected from short circuits and over-

voltage

Approvals

UL 1459, UL 1950, CSA-C22.2 No.950

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Zhone Technologies, Inc.

IMACS Product Book, Version 4

Model 8905 Power Supply, 120/240 VAC

Input Voltage

90 Vrms to 260 Vrms

Input Frequency

50/60 Hz

Output Power

100W max

Output Voltage

-48.0 VDC

Output Current

2 amp

Maximum Number per system

Redundancy

Optional

Ventilation

Convection cooled

Approvals

UL 1459, UL 1950, CSA-C22.2 No.950, CE Mark

Model 8908 Power Supply, 105/240 VAC

Input Voltage

90 Vrms to 260 Vrms

Input Frequency

50/60 Hz

Output Power

300 W max

Output Voltage

-48.0 VDC

Output Current

6.25 amp

Maximum Number per system

Redundancy

Optional

Ventilation

Approvals

Forced Air, (120mm Fan)

UL 1459, UL 1950, CSA-C22.2 No.950

Ring Generator

Ring generators are required to supply ringing current whenever there are Foreign Exchange Station (FXS) Cards

operating in the unit or if there is one or more Foreign Exchange Office (FXO) ports that are used in Manual Ring

Down (MRD) mode.

•

The current ring generator model is: Model 890620

Model 890620,the internal ring generators, will support up to 24 simultaneously ringing phones. Additional ringers

can be added depending on the chassis and application, (see table 5). The exact number of simultaneously ringing

subscriber lines supported is a function of the Bell Ringer Equivalency Number (REN) of the attached devices and

the loop impedance. The user may attach an external ring generator to the IMACS terminal block location marked

RGR.

The model 890620 is an enhanced version of the current 8906 ring generator. This model has improved operating

efficiency and inrush current limiting.

Table —Ring Generator Specifications

Model 890620 Ringing Generator

Input Voltage

Efficiency

Protection

Noise

42 to 57 VDC, linear = 0.84 max.

57% at 48 V and 1 kOhm load

5 A slow blow fuse, primary current limiting

Less than 32dBrnc

Output Voltage

Output Current

Output Frequency

Operational Modes

Maximum Number per system

100 VDC rms default – adjustable from 60 to 105 Vrms

160 mA RMS continuous, 230 mA RMS cadence

20 Hz +/- 1 Hz

Strap selectable: Master or Slave

1 Master, 3 slaves (DC operation)

2 slaves (AC operation)

1 Master, 1 slave

IMACS 600

IMACS 800

IMACS 900

Redundancy

There is no provision for Master Ringer redundancy, however

the slave units provide fail-over protection

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IMACS Product Book, Version 4

Ventilation

Approval

Convection cooled

UL 1459, CSA-C22.2, No. 950

March 2001

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Zhone Technologies, Inc.

IMACS Product Book, Version 4

2. CPU Cards

The CPU card has two micro-controllers, which performs most of the configuration, management, and common

processing for the IMACS. The CPU card provides the interconnection of WAN/User/Server TDM buses through a

bus connect or cross-connect function. The CPU can have flash memory which is used to store configuration

information and facilitates new firmware uploads. The IMACS can have up to 2 CPU cards, which provide

redundant control and switching capabilities. If the primary CPU fails, the standby takes over.

There are two microprocessors on the CPU card. The primary micro-controller on the CPU card does the

configuration and maintenance functions for the IMACS. It is connected through an internal bus to all the

Server/WAN/User cards and the Interface card. It controls the modem, database, serial terminal interfaces, and

Stratum 4 clock configuration contained on the Interface card. The CPU is responsible for configuring the hardware

residing on the cross-connect module (CCM), and configuring hardware on WAN/User cards. It is responsible for

downloading configurations onto intelligent cards through the appropriate configuration interface. Finally, it

accesses each WAN card to process FDL messages. The CPU provides control functionality, however it is the

Interface card that stores the system configuration information.

The second micro-controller handles standard signaling processing for voice applications. It manages both the

digital (bit-robbed) and the analog (48V) signaling capabilities of the IMACS. It has enough throughput and

interfaces to handle the 62 voice channels routed through the A and B buses. The CPU receives signaling from each

analog voice port and in turn processes the data and generates the appropriate signaling bits over the signaling

highway to the WAN cards. The WAN cards then embed the signaling bits into the T1/E1 data stream. It also

processes the signaling from the T1/E1 link to the User cards. The CPU can also customize the format of the

signaling bits. This is an important feature when interfacing with a variety of central office switches and PBXs.

Additionally, the CPU card has an interface to the IMACS’ time slot switching matrix. The switching matrix may

either be a Bus connect (BCON) or Cross Connect (XCON). In the Bus connect configuration, the User bus ports

can be connected to WAN bus ports but not the Server bus. When Cross-connect is used, all the TDM buses are

brought up to the switching matrix, which is able to cross-connect time slots between the incoming and outgoing

buses.

CPU cards can only be installed in the CPU slots. The shelf can be equipped with two CPUs, which form an

active/standby pair. Watchdog timer circuitry on the Interface card helps monitor the active CPU and will activate

the standby CPU if the active CPU fails. The active and standby CPUs communicate directly and the active can

switch to standby by sending a single message. Additionally, a user can manually switch from the active to standby

CPU by initiating a command from the VT-100 console. It is the CPU card, which initializes the system upon

power-up and runs a self-test on all cards plugged into the system. After the initialization procedure, the CPU card

continuously polls all cards in the system to determine their operating status. Table 7 provides detailed

specifications on the five CPU models.

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IMACS Product Book, Version 4

Table 7—Operational Modes

Model

880060

880460

Mode

Cross Connect

Drop and Insert

Yes

Terminate

Yes

Bus-connect

Enhanced bus-

connect

880160, 880260,

880360

Cross-connect

Yes

Green for normal operation. Amber for card fault or test mode (amber

on new cards).

LED Indicators

Code Storage

Models 880060, 880160, 880460

Model 880260

256K EPROM

512K EPROM

Model 880360

Configurable with maximum 8MB DRAM and 4MB Flash memory

Maximum number of WAN links

Model 880060

Up to 2 WAN links

Model 880160, 880260, 880360

Model 880460

Up to 8 WAN links

Up to 4 WAN links. WANs in slot W1 supports voice only operate in

either Terminate or Drop and Insert mode. WANs in slot W3 operate

in Terminate mode only and only terminate certain data ports.

Support for CPU redundancy

Model 880060

Model 880160, 880260, 880360,

880460

Yes

Support for WAN link redundancy

Model 880060

Model 880460

1:1—A WAN card in slot W2 provides backup for an identically

configured WAN card in slot W1. A WAN card in slot W4 provides

backup for an identically configured WAN card in slot W3.

1:N—A single model 8014 WAN card in slot W4 provides backup for

identically configured 8010 WANs in slots W1 through W3.

Model 880160, 880260, 880360

Support for Server Cards

Model 880060, 880460

Model 880160

Model 880260, 880360

Standards Conformance

Bellcore GR-63-CORE

Only ADPCM Server card

Support for all server cards

Network Equipment-Building System (NEBS) Requirements: Physical

Protections

CE EN 500 81-1

CE EN 500 82-1

CE EN 60 950/A2

Electromagnetic compatibility generic emission standard Part 1

Residential, commercial and light industry

Electromagnetic compatibility generic immunity standard Part 1

Residential, commercial and light industry

Safety of information technology equipment including electrical

business equipment

UL 1950

CSA C22.2, No. 950

UL Standard for Safety of Information Technology Equipment

Safety of information technology equipment including electrical

business equipment

March 2001

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Zhone Technologies, Inc.

IMACS Product Book, Version 4

3. Interface Cards

The Interface card has common hardware, which is managed by the active CPU card. One Interface card is required

per system residing in Slot IF on the IMACS chassis. It provides the physical interface to support a modem, control

terminal, printer, alarm relay, and provides the connection up to 8 T1/E1 interfaces used by the WAN cards. The

card also contains the clock hardware, which provides the entire back plane timing signals for the TDM buses. The

Interface card also contains the configuration database of the IMACS, time of day clock function and watchdog

timer.

The database resides in non-volatile SRAM, which enables it to retain its information even when the card is

unplugged or the IMACS is powered down. The IMACS has software configurable settings for both the primary

and secondary system-timing clocks. If the primary clock fails, the system will automatically switch to the operator

defined secondary clock source. The interface card contains the Stratum 4 clock hardware for providing internal

timing. Other timing options include: timing off the WAN card; timing off an installed ATM server card and timing

off an installed 826070 or 826171 BRI card. It also has an option for external timing from external synchronization

clocks (892260 IF card).

The Interface card may have a Modem port that is used to connect an ITU V.22 internal dial modem to a standard

telephone line. This port may be used either to log into the unit from a remote VT100 terminal or to send system

alarms to a remote device. The modem port presents an RJ11 female connector.

The node port on the Interface card provides the form-C contact closure and the physical interface so that the Alarm

Cut-Off (ACO) alarm may activate an external alarm system. The node port presents an RJ48 female connector

with an RS485 electrical interface.

The Control Terminal port is used to connect a VT100 or compatible terminal to the IMACS system for node

management and control purposes. The Control Terminal port presents an RJ48 female connector with an RS232

DCE electrical interface. The port is set to VT100 mode for asynchronous operation at 9600 bps with 8 data bits, 1

stop bit, and no parity. Also, the port supports an automatic log out feature after 15 minutes of inactivity.

The Computer Port connects a local device for printing alarms or can be configured to support SLIP for transport of

SNMP management information or database configuration information. IMACS Release 5.x provides support of

asynchronous PPP and SLIP. The computer port presents a DB9 male connector with an RS232 electrical interface.

The Interface card also stores ISDN Call profiles and signaling translation tables. All configuration information is

stored on the Interface card NVRAM for non-volatile storage of system configuration. A copy of the system

configuration is stored on the Interface card can be downloaded to the Flash memory on the CPU card. There are

eight Interface card Models:

1. 892060 Eight port T1/E1 Interface Card, 2400bps modem

2. 892160 Eight port T1/E1 Interface Card, no modem

3. 892260 Eight port T1/E1 Interface Card, no modem, with external sync input

4. 892360 Eight port T1/E1 Interface Card, 2400bps modem

5. 892460 Eight port T1/E1 Interface Card, no modem (required for CPU 8803)

6. 892560 Two port T1/E1 Interface Card, no modem or DB9 port

7. 892660 Two port T1/E1 Interface Card, 2400bps modem

8. 892760 Two port E1 Interface Card, no modem

The 8920 Interface Card supports eight T1 or E1 WAN links, via a 50-pin Amphenol connector. The card has a DB-

9 serial port for network management and two RJ48 jacks: one for an RS 485 node port and one for an RS-232 VT-

100 control terminal port. There is a RJ-11 modem port as well. It supports eight T1 or E1 WAN links. The

March 2001

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IMACS Product Book, Version 4

892160 Interface Card is the same as the 892060 Interface card with the exception of the modem and can be used

with the 880060, 880160 and 880460 CPU cards.

The 892260 Interface Card is similar to the 892460 except there is an external synchronization option, no node port

and the DB-9 serial port is a DTE-male type. The external synchronization option is for support of up to 8 T1

Framed or E1 Unframed signals and this card can be used with the 880260 and 880360 CPU cards.

The 892360 Interface Card supports eight T1 or E1 WAN links, via a 50-pin AMP connector. The card has 128KB

of NVRAM, a DB9 serial port for network management and three RJ48 jacks that connect to the modem, nodal port

and VT-100 control terminal port.

The 892460 Interface Card supports the same functionality as the 892360 Interface card except that it has no internal

modem port. It requires an 880360 CPU and 5.X.Y CPU firmware.

The 892560 Interface card supports one or two T1 or E1 WAN links via 2 RJ-48 jacks and includes a single RJ-48

jack for a VT100 control terminal. Additionally, two sets of Bantam jacks are available for monitoring each WAN.

This interface card does not support WAN redundancy.

The 892660 Interface card supports one or two T1 or E1 WAN links via 2 RJ-48 jacks. The 892660 includes a

single RJ-48 jack for a VT100 control terminal, an RJ11 port for an internal 2400 bps, and a DB9 port.

Additionally, two sets of Bantam jacks are available for monitoring each WAN. This interface card does not support

WAN redundancy.

The 892760 Interface card supports two E1 WAN links via 2 BNC connectors. The 892760 includes a single RJ-48

jack for a VT100 control terminal, an RS 485 Node Port and a DB9 port. Table 8 provides a detailed list of the

Interface Cards’ specifications.

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IMACS Product Book, Version 4

Table 8—Interface Card Specifications

Model 892xxx Interface Cards

Configuration Storage

CPU Host Firmware compatible

Models 892060, 892160, 892560, 32KB NVRAM

892660 and 892760

3.x.y

Models 892260, 892261, 892360

and 892460

128KB NVRAM

4.x.y, 5.x.y

Interfaces

Model

T1/E1

Links

Computer Port Control

Node Port

Internal

Modem

External Sync

Terminal

Interface

Port

(DB-9)

892060

892160

892260

892261

892360

892460

892560

892660

892760

8 T1/E1

YES

8 T1/E1

2 T1

YES

2 T1

YES

2 E1

YES

WAN Ports

Electrical Interface

G.703 or DSX-1

Model

Connector Type

892060, 892160, 892260, 892261, 892360 and 892460

892560 and 892660

One Female 50-pin RJ-27X Telco connector

Two Female RJ-48 connector

892760

Two Pair Female BNC connector

DB9F DCE (requires 1201 cable)

DB9M DTE (requires 1202 cable)

All Models prior to Rev CO

All Models from Rev CO

Electrical Interface

Function

RS-232, ITU-T V.28

Connects to local Element Management System

8 bit characters plus one start and one stop bit with no parity

19.2Kbps (PPP) or 9.6Kbps (SLIP)

Code Set

Max Speed

March 2001

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Zhone Technologies, Inc.

IMACS Product Book, Version 4

Table 8—Interface Card Specifications (continued)

Control Terminal Interface Port

Connector

RJ-48F, 8 pin, EIA 561

DCE RS232, ITU-T V.28

Electrical Interface

Function

Connect local VT100-compatible Control Terminal (local craft interface on the

892260)

Speed

Maximum 9,600 bps asynchronous

Code Set

8 bit characters plus one start and one stop bit with no parity

Node Port

Connector

RJ-48F, 8-pin

Electrical Interface

Alarm Output

Function

Dry contact

Passive current loop, one normally open loop and one normally closed loop

Alarm management between co-located IMACS nodes and external alarm

management systems and panels

Models 892060, 892360, 892660 only

Female 6-pin RJ-11c socket

Modem Port

Connector

Electrical Interface

Protection

600 ohm 2-wire balanced

HV zener, 0.25A fuses on Tip and Ring

Function

Connect internal modem to PSTN for access to remote operator and remote EMS

network management system

Model 892060, 892360, 892660 only

Modem Specifications

Compatibility

Modulation

ITU-T V.22 bis

16 point QAM

Line interface

Ringer Equivalence

Approval

2-wire balanced 600 ohm

0.2 A

FCC Part 68

Equalization

Transmit Level

Receiver Sensitivity

Dialing Mode

Speed Supported

Code Set

Receive automatic adaptive, transmit fixed compromise

-9.5 dBm

On to OFF threshold -4.5dBm, OFF to ON threshold -48 dBm

DTMF Tone

2,400 bps asynchronous

8 bit characters plus one start and one stop bit with no parity

Adapters

Model 1106 with 2 BNC

connectors

Supports 1 E1 circuit on 75 ohm coaxial cable (RG59)

Model 1121 with 2 RJ48 sockets

Model 1181 with 8 RJ48 sockets

Supports 2 T1 or E1 circuits on twisted pair cable plus bantam jacks for test

Supports 8 T1 or E1 circuits on twisted pair cable

Model 1184 with 16 BNC sockets Supports 8 E1 circuits (suitable for IMACS 800)

Standards Conformance

ITU-T V.28

Electrical characteristics for unbalanced double-current interchange circuits

ITU-T G.703

ITU-T V.22 bis

Physical/Electrical Characteristics of Hierarchical Digital I/F

2400 bits per second Duplex Modem Using the Frequency Division

Technique

EIA 56

8-Position Non-Synchronous Interface between DTE and DCE Employing

Serial Data Interchange

March 2001

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IMACS Product Book, Version 4

Table 8—Interface Card Specifications (continued)

EIA RS232-C

Interface between DTE and DCE Employing Serial Binary Data

Bellcore GR-63-CORE

CE EN 500 81-1

Network Equipment-Building System (NEBS) Requirements: Physical Protections

Electromagnetic compatibility generic emission standard Part 1 Residential,

commercial and light industry

CE EN 500 82-1

Electromagnetic compatibility generic immunity standard Part 1 Residential,

commercial and light industry

CEN EN 60 950/A2

Safety of information technology equipment including electrical business

equipment

FCC Part 68

DOC CS03

UL 1459

UL 1950

CSA C22.2, No. 950

Requirements for Connection of Terminal Equipment Systems and Protective

Apparatus to the Telephone Network

UL Standard for Safety of Telephone Equipment

UL Standard for Safety of Information Technology Equipment

Safety of information technology equipment including electrical business

equipment

4. WAN Cards

The WAN cards manage the flow of data through the integrated access system network. It provides the logical and

electrical interface to high-speed digital facilities, which are typically physically connected via the Interface card.

WAN cards take the data off the bus, which was put there by the User and Server cards, and transmit the information

over a WAN link. A WAN link is typically a T1, E1, DSX-1, or HDSL facility connection. This WAN link can be

either user or network link. In combination with the CPU card, the WAN card provides E1 to T1 and T1 to E1

conversion.

The WAN Cards also provide performance statistics. They are stored in memory on the IMACS’ host CPU card and

retrieved upon command. The performance statistics are gathered and displayed in 15-minute intervals and retained

for 24 hours. In the T1 environment, an error is defined as any CRC-6, Controlled Slip, or Out of Frame (OOF)

error for ESF framing, and any Bipolar Violation (BPV), Controlled Slip, or OOF error for the D4 format. In an E1

environment, an error is defined as any CRC-4 error, Controlled Slip, or OOF error.

In the AT&T mode, two sets of registers (user and network) accumulate performance data for T1 WAN links. It is

possible to view both the user and network registers, but the end user can only clear the user registers. The network

only has access to the network registers, and can only clear those registers. The ANSI and E1 WAN links have only

one set of registers.

For further information regarding performance, and integrated test capabilities such as loop backs, BERT Tests and

Signal Quality please see Section 13, IMACS System Testing and Diagnostics.

Each port on the WAN cards can be individually configured with DSX/CEPT or CSU plug-in modules. Both CSU

and DSX modules are used to connect to T1 facilities operating at 1.544 Mbps. The CEPT module is used for

connection to a 2.048 Mbps E1 facility. All WAN interfaces comply with the appropriate North American and

international standards. Those cards equipped with CSU or DSX/CEPT modules also act as the “near end”

termination points for the Subscriber Loop Carrier (SLC-96) facilities defined in BellCore publication

TR-TSY-000008, Issue 2, August 1987. Each WAN card can operate in dual channel bank, drop and insert, or full

digital cross-connect mode and can perform T1-E1 conversion, including PCM A-Law to µ-Law conversion. When

fully populated with 4 dual WAN cards, the IMACS supports 8 T1 or E1 connections, in any combination of T1

(DSX1 or DSX1 with CSU) , E1 (CEPT) and HDSL interfaces.

The DSX/CEPT and CSU Modules are used to connect to T1 facilities, which operate at 1.544 Mbps. The CEPT

function of the DSX/CEPT module is used internationally for connection to a 2.048 Mbps E1 network. The HDSL

module provides a high-speed digital subscriber line (HDSL) interface.

Each WAN card slot has eight leads connected to the Interface card slot, which can be used to support facility

interfaces. The last WAN slot has all the WAN connections from the other three slots in addition to its own to

support the WAN redundancy feature. The WAN card in the last slot can substitute for one of the other WAN cards.

March 2001

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There are four highways dedicated to the WAN slot, which are used to carry TDM data and signaling. Each WAN

slot is connected to the Interface card through the back plane.

The IMACS supports six models of WAN cards:

1. 800060 Single T1/E1 WAN card

2. 801060 Dual T1/E1 WAN Card

3. 801460 Dual T1/E1 WAN Card with Relays

4. 801160 Dual E1 HDSL WAN Card

5. 801560 Dual T1 WAN card with ESF loop back

6. 802060 PairGain HDSL T1 WAN Card

The 800060 Single T1/E1 Link Card is the basic WAN Card. It has a single port for DSX/CEPT or CSU modules.

The 801060 Dual T1/E1 WAN card has two ports for either DSX/CEPT or CSU operation or a combination of the

two. Both ports of this card must be populated with either the DSX/CEPT or CSU module.

The 801460 Dual T1/E1 Link Card with Relays can be used in systems with Cross Connect CPUs to act as a

redundant card (1:N redundancy) for up to three standard WAN cards. Both ports of this card must be populated

with either the DSX/CEPT or CSU module and must be an exact match to any WAN Cards with which it is

redundant.

The 801560 WAN card with ESF Loop back is able to detect ESF data link codewords for line and payload activate

and deactivate commands and the universal loop back deactivate command. A minimum reception of 10 continuous

command patterns by each channel is required to trigger the loop back detection process, and the performing of the

command. Since all 8 channels (4 WAN cards) are processed by one processor on the CPU card, simultaneous

detection on more than one channel requires more than 10 repetitions.

The 802060 Pair Gain HDSL WAN is a dual WAN card designed to support the North American (T1) market using

the PairGain HDSL OEM module (HOM). This also supports 4:1 redundancy as well as user configurable HRU

functionality relative to HDSL timing. The IMACS can support up to four (4) 802060 WAN cards simultaneously

and can be configured, monitored and tested through the IMACS craft interface and/or through the SNMP MIB

interface. This design supports two PairGain HDSL modules per card for either IMACS to IMACS configurations

as well as IMACS to PairGain NTU configurations. Each module may be configured as primary or subordinate.

There must be one primary and one subordinate in the circuit. The unit designated as the primary can be accessed to

change system parameters and view HDSL system performance history and current status. The subordinate

provides HDSL system performance history and current status. The subordinate unit receives configuration

parameters from the master unit at the other end of the loop. These configuration parameters include: Timeout for

loop back, DS1 line code option (e.g. B8ZS/AMI), DS1 framing format (e.g. SF/ESF). The 802060 HDSL WAN

module is supported by IMACS HOST 5.1 (or greater).

For connection to T1/E1 facilities, a DSX/CEPT or CSU Plug-in module is required per WAN port. The available

modules are:

•

811 T1-DSX/E1-CEPT Plug-in Module (transmission range is 655 ft.)

812 T1-CSU Plug-in Module (transmission range is 3000 to 6000 ft)

82030 2*1168Kbps E1 HDSL Module (compliant with ETSI ETR-152)

82100 Dual T1 HDSL Module

These plug-in modules are mounted on the WAN cards for operation. The 811 T1-DSX/CEPT plug-in module

supports either DSX or CEPT modes. Jumper / shorting pin settings on the module specify DSX or CEPT

operation. The 812 CSU plug-in module is required for T1 Channel Service Unit (CSU) operation. It can be

operated in D4, ESF, SLC96 or SLCD4 mode.

The 801160 Dual E1-HDSL WAN Card has two ports that are equipped with E1-HDSL modules from ADTRAN.

The HDSL modules provide 2.048 Mbps E1 transmission over 2 copper pairs. It provides transport of data at an E1

rate over copper cable without mid-span repeaters or conditioning. For connection to copper loops, one HDSL

module is required per WAN port.

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Zhone Technologies, Inc.

IMACS Product Book, Version 4

The 802060 Dual T1 HDSL WAN Card has two ports that that are equipped with 82100 T1 HDSL modules. The

HDSL modules provide 1.544 Mbps T1 transmission over 2 copper pairs. Both modules have to be installed for

proper operation and do not support redundancy. Table 9 depicts the various T1/E1 WAN card specifications. In

addition to the specifications listed in Table 9 (below) the 802060 card is in conformance with ITU-T Q.421 and

ITU-T Q.422. The transmission range is software selectable for the following: 0, 133, 266, 399, 533 or 655 ft. (up

to 200 meters), and CSU (allowing connections to the equipment side of a co-located external CSU over a short

distance, four-wire cable). Software selectable line build out (LBO) settings are also available for all of the

aforementioned transmission ranges.

Table 9—WAN Card Hardware Specifications

Model

Number of Ports Number of

Cards

Physical Interface

Electrical Interface

800060

1 to 4

Through 892xxx I/F

card

Through 892xxx I/F

card

Through 892xxx I/F

card

Through 892xxx I/F

card

811 (T1-DSX/E1-CEPT)

812 (T1-CSU) - 1 per port

811 (T1-DSX/E1-CEPT)

812 (T1-CSU) - 1 per port

811 (T1-DSX/E1-CEPT)

812 (T1-CSU) - 1 per port

82100 is used to provide 1 T1

HDSL interface

801060,

801460

801560

802060

801160

Through 892xxx I/F

card

82030 provides 2*1168Kbps E1

HDSL module. Required for each

port.

T1 Signal Format

Electrical Interface

Frame Format

Line Coding

ANSI T1.102/T1.403, DSX-1, balanced 100 Ω

D4, ESF, Subscriber Loop Carrier (SLC) 96, SLCD4

AMI or B8ZS

Signaling

AT&T 43801, 62411, ITU-T, Q.421, Q.422 using Robbed-bit method

CRC-6, Controlled Slip, Bipolar Violation, Out of Frame

BellCore TR-TSY-000191

Error Detection

Alarm Indication

SLIP Limit

126 bits or 138 bits

Bit Rate and Tolerance

E1 Signal Format

Electrical Interface

Coding

1.544Kbps +32PPM. Jitter complies with ANSI T1.403

G.703 balanced 120 Ω or unbalanced 75 Ω

HDB3

Framing

ITU-T G.704 Timeslots consist of 8 bits. Frame consists of 32 time slots,

Multi-frame consists of 16 frames

Signaling

CAS, CCS In Timeslot 16 if required.

CAS Signaling protocols: AT&T 43801, 62411, ITU-T Q.421 (2)

CRC-4, Controlled Slip, Out of Frame

ITU-T G.732

Error Detection

Alarm Indication

Performance and Test Options

Loop backs

Line, local, channel, loop back generation and detection

FDL in accordance with AT&T 54016 or ANSI T1.403 (8015 only)

National Bit Supporting (G.704)

Standards Conformance

AT&T TR43801

AT&T TR54016

Digital Channel Bank Requirements & Objectives

Requirements for Interfacing Digital Terminal Equipment to Service

Employing the Extended Superframe Format

AT&T TR62411

AT&T TR41449

Accunet T1.5 Service, Description and Interface Specifications

ISDN Primary Rate Interface Specification

BellCore TR-TSY-000008

BellCore TR-TSY-000191

Digital Interface Between the SLC 96 Digital Loop

Alarm Indication Signal, Requirements and Objectives

March 2001

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IMACS Product Book, Version 4

Table 9—WAN Card Hardware Specifications (continued)

ANSI T1.101

ANSI T1.107

ANSI T1.403

ANSI T1.408

FCC Part 68

Synchronization Interface Standards for Digital Networks

Digital Hierarchy - Formats Specifications

ISDN, Network-to-Customer Installation -DS1 Metallic I/F

ISDN Primary Rate

Requirements for Connection of Terminal Equipment Systems and Protective

Apparatus to the Telephone Network

ITU-T G.703

ITU-T G.704

Physical/Electrical Characteristics of Hierarchical Digital I/F

Synchronous Frame Structure Used at Primary and Secondary Hierarchical

Levels

ITU-T G.735

ITU-T G.732

Characteristics Of Primary PCM Multiplexed Equipment Operating at 2048

Kbps and Offering Synchronous Digital Access At 384 Kbps and/or 64 Kbps

Characteristics of Primary PCM Multiplexed Equipment Operating at 2048

Kbps

ITU-T G.736

ITU-T G.823

Characteristics of A Synchronous Digital Multiplex Equipment at 2048 Kbps

The Control of Jitter and Wander Within Digital Networks Which Are Based

on the 2048 Kbps Hierarchy

ITU-T G.824

The Control of Jitter and Wander Within Digital Networks Which Are Based

on the 1544 Kbps Hierarchy

Bellcore GR-63-CORE Issue 1

Network Equipment-Building System (NEBS) Requirements: Physical

Protections

Bellcore GR-1089

CE EN 500 81-1

ESD Sec 2, EMC Sec 3,

Electromagnetic compatibility generic emission standard Part 1 Residential,

commercial and light industry

CE EN 500 82-1

Electromagnetic compatibility generic immunity standard Part 1 Residential,

commercial and light industry

CE EN 550-22

EMI Level B

CE EN 60 950/A2

Safety of information technology equipment including electrical business

equipment

UL 1950

ETSI ETR 152

CSA C22.2, No. 950

UL Standard for Safety of Information Technology Equipment

High Bit Rate Digital Subscriber Line Transmission

Safety of information technology equipment including electrical business

equipment

March 2001

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III. IMACS Voice Modules and Applications

1. Foreign Exchange Station (FXS) Card

The IMACS supports one Foreign Exchange Station (FXS) card, the 812960 FXS Card, which provides eight 2-wire

analog ports with a terminating impedance of 600 ohms.

FXS cards can be installed in any IMACS chassis User Slot, and will (in most cases) require a ring generator. AC

powered systems will also require a –48 VDC converter. FXS cards encode the incoming analog voice signals into

64 Kbps PCM format before transmission onto the network. Each FXS card provides a single 50-pin female

amphenol connector (RJ27X).

All port parameters are software configurable on a port-by-port basis. The Mode setting specifies whether the port

is to be used for standard Foreign Exchange Station, Foreign Exchange Software Defined Network (“wink”), Private

Line Automatic Ringdown (PLAR), or Dial Pulse Origination applications. For example in the case of a PLAR

circuit, the port can be programmed to provide Ringback Tone towards the caller. The Type setting specifies Loop

Start, Loop Start with Forward Disconnect, Ground Start, Ground Start Immediate and Ground Start Automatic

operation. If the PLAR mode is selected, then the two options supported under Type are “D3” and “D4” which meet

the pre-1988 and post-1988 specifications for PLAR circuits. The PCM Coding options supported include µ-Law,

A-Law and inverted A-Law, and the user may also select the Trunk Conditioning mode (busy or idle) that should be

applied towards the attached equipment should the WAN facility that the port is connected to fails. In addition, both

the Transmit (Tx) and Receive (Rx) TLP levels can be set in increments of 0.1 dB. The Tx TLP range is from -10.0

dB to +5.0 dB. The Rx TLP range is from -10.0 dB to +2.0 dB.

The user may also specify, on a port-by-port basis, whether to use North American ANSI standard ABCD signaling

(which is the default) or ITU (CCITT) ABCD signaling by turning the signaling conversion setting “on” or “off”.

The trans-hybrid balance may be specified as one of eight values as well as for a customized user-specified

terminating impedance. At the present time, all eight values are identical and are set for a terminating impedance of

600+2.15µF in the case of a Model 8129 FXS card.

Software-initiated testing and diagnostics supported on FXS cards include the setting of both analog and digital loop

back towards the network and the generation of a Digital MilliWatt (DMW) signal on a port-by-port basis. A robust

set of Test functions allow the user to monitor and set the state of the analog Tip and Ring leads of any FXS port and

to set and monitor the state of the ABCD signaling bits of the digitized voice signal. In cross-connect systems, the

Test functionality also includes the ability to generate test tones (300Hz, 1 kHz, 3 kHz and “quiet”) and transmit

those toward either the user side or the network side of the system. FXS cards can use the voice-compression

features of the ADPCM and LBRV Server cards. Table 10 provides all the relevant FXS cards specifications.

Table 10—FXS Specifications

Model 8129 2-wire Analog FXS Voice Card

Physical Characteristics

Model 812960

8 ports

Physical Interface

Dimensions of Card

Weight of Card

1 female 50-pin Telco connector

8 x 0.94 x 7.48 inches (HWD)

1 lb or .4 k

Power Consumption of Card

Signaling Modes

3.12 W

Software configurable on a per port basis: foreign exchange station

(FXS), FXS defined network (Megacom), Private Line Automatic

Ringdown (PLAR), Dial Pulse Originating (DPO)

Loop Start, Ground Start, Loop Start with Forward Disconnect, Feature

Group D (for high-speed modem services), Bill On Answer, D3, D4,

DPO and Single Party, Universal Grade Voice

Signaling Types

Specification

Short Loop

Long Loop

Loop Resistance

Termination Impedance

VF Transmission

Min 300 Ω, Max 700 Ω

600 + 2.16 uF

Min 300 Ω, Max 1800 Ω

March 2001

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Characteristics

Nominal Transmit TLP

Nominal Receive TLP

2-Wire Return Loss

Software configurable, -10.0dB to +5.0dB, steps of 0.1dB

Software configurable, -10.0dB to +2.0dB, steps of 0.1dB

>28 dB Echo, >20 dB singing (against 600 ohm, in series with 2.16 uF

with additional 25 ohm resistor between tip and ring)

Software configurable, A-Law, A-Law inverted, u-Law

Echo: 20dB, SRL-LO: 12dB, SRL-HI: 12 dB

PCM Coding

Transhybrid Loss

Standards Conformance

AT&T TR43801

Bel1Core TR-NWT 000057

Digital Channel Bank Requirements and Objectives - November 1982;

Functional Criteria for Digital Loop Carrier System - January 1993

BellCore GR-63-CORE

Network Equipment-Building System (NEBS) Requirements: Physical

Protection

ITU-T G.712

ITU-T Q.552

(11/96) - Transmission Performance Characteristics of Pulse Code

Modulation (replaces G.712, G.713, G.714 and G.715)

Transmission Characteristics of 2 -wire analog interface of a Digital

Exchange

FCC Part 68

Requirements for Connection of Terminal Equipment Systems and

Protective Apparatus to the Telephone Network

Subpart 15

FCC Part 15

UL 1459

UL Standard for Safety, Telephone Equipment

2. Foreign Exchange Office (FXO) Card

The IMACS supports only one variant of Foreign Exchange Office (FXO) card:

•

813960/813970 FXO Card provides eight 2-wire analog ports with terminating impedance of 600 ohms.

FXO cards can be installed in any of the User Slots of the IMACS chassis. FXO cards encode the incoming analog

voice signals into 64 Kbps PCM format before transmission onto the network. A Ringing Generator is required if

one or more FXO ports in a system are programmed to operate in Manual Ringdown (MRD) mode. In addition, a

physical jumper must be set on the FXO card for each port programmed for MRD operation. Each FXO card

provides a single 50-pin female AMPHENOL connector (RJ27X).

All port parameters are software configurable on a port-by-port basis. The Mode setting specifies whether the port

is to be used for standard Foreign Exchange Office, Foreign Exchange Software Defined Network, Dial Pulse

Terminate, or Manual Ring Down (MRD). As described above, the MRD mode also requires the setting of physical

jumpers. The Signal setting specifies Loop Start, Loop Start with Forward Disconnect, Ground Start, R2, and

Immediate R2 operation. In “fxodn” and “dpt” modes, the user may also specify the wink duration time and wink

delay from 0.1 seconds to 9.9 seconds in 0.1-second increments. The PCM Coding options supported include “µ-

Law”, “A-Law” and inverted A-Law. The user may select the Trunk Conditioning mode (“busy” or “idle”) that

should be applied towards the attached equipment should the WAN facility that the port is connected to fail. In

addition, both the Transmit (Tx) and Receive (Rx) TLP levels can be set in increments of 0.1 dB. The Tx TLP range

is from -10.0 dB to +5.0 dB. The Rx TLP range is from -10.0 dB to +2.0 dB.

The user may also specify, on a port-by-port basis, whether to use North American ANSI standard ABCD signaling

(which is the default) or ITU (CCITT) ABCD signaling by turning the signaling conversion setting “on” or “off.”

The trans-hybrid balance may be specified as one of eight values (known as “set1” through “set8”) as well as for a

customized user-specified terminating impedance (“user”). All eight values are identical and are set for a

terminating impedance of 600Ω ± 2.15µF in the case of the Model 813960 FXO cards.

Software-initiated testing and diagnostics supported on FXO cards include the setting of both

analog and digital loop backs towards the network and generating a Digital MilliWatt signal on a

port-by-port basis. A robust set of Test functions allow the user to monitor and set the state of

March 2001

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Zhone Technologies, Inc.

IMACS Product Book, Version 4

the analog Tip and Ring leads of any FXO port. It also sets and monitors the state of the

digitized voice signal’s ABCD signaling bits in cross-connect systems, the Test functionality also

includes the ability to generate test tones (300Hz, 1 kHz, 3 kHz and “quiet”) and transmit those

toward either the user side or the network side of the system. Table 11 reviews the FXO Card

specifications.

Table 11—FXO Specifications

Model 813960 2-wire Analog FXO

Voice Card

Physical Characteristics

Model 813960

8 ports

Physical Interface

Dimensions of Card

Weight of Card

1 female 50-pin Telco connector

8 x 0.94 x 7.48 inches (HWD)

1 lb or .4 k

Power Consumption of 813960

3.03 W

Card

Models 813960 Signaling Mode

Software configurable on a per port basis: Foreign Exchange

Office (FXO), FXO Defined Network, Manual Ringdown and

Dial Pulse Terminating (DPT)

Models 813960 Signaling Type

Loop Start, Ground Start, Loop Start Forward Disconnect, Loop

Start R2, Ground Start Automatic, Loop Start E&M, MRD, DPT,

R2, Immediate R2, Dial Pulse E&M, Caller ID

600 ohms

Termination Impedance

VF Transmission Characteristics

Nominal Transmit TLP

Nominal Receive TLP

Software configurable, -10.0dB to +5.0dB, steps of 0.1dB

Software configurable, -10.0dB to +2.0dB, steps of 0.1dB

>28 dB Echo, >20 dB singing (against 600 ohm, in series with

2.16 uF with additional 25 ohm resistor between tip and ring

Software configurable, A-Law, A-Law inverted, u-Law

Echo: 22dB, SRL-LO: 14dB, SRL-HI: 20 dB

2-Wire Return Loss

PCM Coding

Transhybrid Loss

Standards Conformance

AT&T TR43801

Digital Channel Bank Requirements and Objectives – November

Functional Criteria for Digital Loop Carrier System – January

1993

Bell CoreTR-NWT-000057

BellCore Protections GR-63 CORE

Network Equipment-Building System (NEBS) Requirements:

Physical Protection

(11/96) – Transmission Performance Characteristics of Pulse Code

Modulation (replaces G.712, G.713, G.714 and G.715)

Transmission Characteristics of 2 –wire analog interface of a Digital

Exchange

ITU-T G.712

ITU-T Q552

Transmission Characteristics of 4 –wire analog interface of a Digital

Exchange

Requirements for Connection of Terminal Equipment Systems and

Protective Apparatus to the Telephone Network

Subpart B

ITU-T Q.553

FCC Part 68

FCC Part 15

UL 1459

Standard for Safety, Telephone Equipment

March 2001

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IMACS Product Book, Version 4

3. E&M Card

The IMACS supports three variants of E&M cards:

•

810860 E&M Card supports eight 2-wire E&M or Transmission Only (TO) ports

811760 E&M Card support eight 4-wire E&M or Transmission Only (TO) ports and 2713 Hz loop back support

811960 E&M Card supports eight 4-wire E&M or Transmission Only (TO) ports

The 811960 E&M card offers an extended Transmit TLP range (-17.5 to +14.5dB) to better support dedicated 4-

wire modem applications. This may be required in situations when specific types of modems being connected to the

ports cannot, or will not, change their output power levels. Modems can only be connected with the E&M when

placed in TO mode.

E&M cards can be installed in any of the User Slots of the IMACS chassis. E&M cards encode the incoming analog

voice signals into 64 Kbps PCM format before transmission onto the network. Each E&M card provides a single

50-pin female AMPHENOL connector (RJ27X). All three cards support E&M signaling types I, II, IV and V.

Most port parameters are software configurable on a port-by-port basis including the Mode of each port (“E&M”,

“E&MR2” or “TO”). The PCM Coding to be used is either u-Law, A-Law or A-inv (for inverted A-Law). The

Trunk Conditioning (busy or idle) is configured on the equipment in case the WAN facility that the port is connected

to fails.

The user may also specify, on a port-by-port basis, whether to use North American ANSI standard default, ABCD

signaling, or ITU (CCITT) ABCD signaling by turning the signaling conversion setting “on” or “off”.

Software-initiated testing and diagnostics supported on E&M cards include the setting of both analog and digital

loop backs towards the network and the generation of a Digital MilliWatt signal on a port-by-port basis. A robust

set of test functions allow the user to monitor and set the state of the analog E & M leads of any port and to set and

monitor the state of the ABCD signaling bits of the digitized voice signal. In cross-connect systems, the Test

functionality also includes the ability to generate test tones (300Hz, 1 kHz, 3 kHz and “quiet”) and transmit those

toward either the user side or the network side of the system.

The 811760 E&M with 2713 Hz Loop back will provide digital loop back (both PCM voice and signaling) when

activated by a 2713 Hz tone of specified level and duration. This complies with requirements as per Bellcore PUB

42004.

When a validated tone is detected the channel disconnects the transmit path from the user and provides loop back of

signals (PCM voice and signaling) received from the network. The loop back is performed at “equal level”, i.e.

without inserting any gain or loss in the path. In addition, a “make busy” signal is being applied towards the user.

Table 12 reviews the E&M card specifications.

Table 12—E&M Analog Voice Card Specifications

Models 810860 2-wire

Models 811760 and 811960 4-wire

E&M Analog Voice Card

Physical Characteristics

Model 810860 and 811960

Physical Interface

Dimensions of Card

Weight of Card

8 ports

1 female 50-pin Telco connector

8 x 0.94 x 7.48 inches (HWD)

1 lb or .4 k (Model 811960)

Power Consumption of Card

Signaling Mode

2-wire (810860)

3.5 W (Model 811960)

Software configurable on a per port basis: E&M, Transmit Only,

Symmetrical R2 signaling, E&MR2, Modified R2 (r2mod)

4-wire (811960)

Signaling Types

Types I, II, V are switch configurable by card. Supports Normal

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(toward user) and Tandem (toward CO)

E&M Sensor Characteristics

Nominal Transmit TLP

Nominal Receive TLP

Termination Impedance

2-wire (810860) and 4-wire (811960), Impedance > 15K ohms,

Sensitivity > 2.5 mA

Software configurable, -16.5dB to +7.3dB, steps of 0.1dB (2-wire); -

17.5 dB +14.5dB, steps of 0.1 dB (4-wire)

Software configurable, -16.3dB to +7.5dB, steps of 0.1dB (2-wire); -

16.3dB +7.5dB steps of 0.1dB

600 Ohms with 2.16 uF capacitor in series (2-wire); 600 Ohms (4-wire)

Delay Specification

Absolute Group Delay

(dependent on codec)

Peak to Average Ratio (PAR)

Standards Conformance

AT&T TR43801

<600 us (2-wire and 4-wire)

94 to 97 (2-wire and 4-wire)

Digital Channel Bank Requirements and Objectives – November 1982

Functional Criteria for Digital Loop Carrier System – January 1993

Bell CoreTR-NWT-000057

BellCore GR-63 CORE

Network Equipment-Building System (NEBS) Requirements: Physical

Protection

ITU-T G.712

(11/96) – Transmission Performance Characteristics of Pulse Code

Modulation (replaces G.712, G.713, G.714 and G.715)

Transmission Characteristics of 2 –wire analog interface of a Digital

Exchange

ITU-T Q.552

ITU-T Q.553

Transmission Characteristics of 4 –wire analog interface of a Digital

Exchange

FCC Part 68

Requirements for Connection of Terminal Equipment Systems and

Protective Apparatus to the Telephone Network

Subpart B

FCC Part 15

UL 1459

Standard for Safety, Telephone Equipment

UL 1950

CE EN 500 81-1

UL Standard for Safety of Information Technology Equipment

Electromagnetic compatibility generic emission standard Part 1

Residential, commercial and light industry

CE EN 500 82-1

CE EN 60 950/A2

Electromagnetic compatibility generic immunity standard Part 1

Residential, commercial and light industry

Safety of information technology equipment including electrical

business equipment

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IMACS Product Book, Version 4

P-Phone Station and Office Line Cards

The P-Phone Line Cards support transport of Nortel Electronic Business Service (EBS) or P-Phone service. Nortel’s

EBS is provided through the use of an Electronic Business Set (also EBS) capable of supporting premium Meridian

Digital Centrex (MDC) features offered by the local DMS SuperNode switch. A data channel allows out-of-band

signaling between the EBS and the DMS SuperNode switch. This data channel allows the user to activate MDC

features, such as conference calling, by simply pushing special keys on the EBS, and for the DMS SuperNode to

deliver information, such as calling number identification, to the EBS display.

P-Phone is a very popular service among large corporations who have chosen Nortel Centrex vs. a PBX. This

service is very popular in metropolitan areas; as more companies move away from purchasing their own PBXs, P-

Phone will be even more popular among the corporate DMS customers. In addition, as more and more CLECs enter

traditional RBOC bases, they will need to be able to provide P-Phone services.

Figure 10A shows a general application drawing where an IMACS system is used at both the CO end and at the

customer remote end. As shown, there are two applications of the Line Card, one at the office end, also known as P-

Phone Office (PPO), and one at the station end referred to as P-Phone Station (PPS).

Figure 10 - Universal IMACS P-Phone Application

P-Phone #1

Line 1

Network

IMACS with

PPS Line Card

IMACS with

PPO Line Card

P-Phone #N

Nortel CO Switch

Two types of P-Phone line cards are used in pair gain carrier systems such as DLCs and the IMACS system. One

type, referred to as a passive line card, encodes the received out-of-band signaling tones, transports them across the

carrier and decodes the digital representation back to out-of-band tones at the other end. In other words, the passive

line card simply repeats the signaling end-to-end. The second type, referred to as an active line card, terminates the

messages received at the 2-wire port and either responds as appropriate to the local terminal device or forwards the

message over the digital carrier.

The above figure shows just one working circuit. In reality, the Line Card will be able to support eight (8) working

circuits. The most common application for P-Phone would have more than one circuit going to a customer location.

Very rarely would there be just one circuit terminating at one customer. The P-Phone line cards support the

following Nortel PBXs, switches and Meridian business phone sets:

•

DMS100 (Class 5 switch)

DMS500 (Combinations of Class 5 and a tandem switch)

DMS10 (Lower capacity switch for rural areas)

SL100 (Large enterprise PBX; same as DMS100)

M5000 series business sets

Table 12A reviews the PPO and PPS line card specifications.

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Table 12A—PPO and PPS Line Card Specifications

Models 812160 and 813160 Eight Channel Line

Card

Physical Characteristics

Model 812160 and 813160

Software provisionable options

Transport length

8 channels

Level control and A-Law/Mu law

Over 3,000 feet of copper cable at 2W VF ports

8 kHz tone, ASK, half duplex

Out of band signaling

7-bit voice encoding scheme. LSb used to carry signaling.

Loop current, presence or absence at the local end; loss of

sealing current, far end

Voice Transmission

Status Indicators

Subscriber and Central Office

Interface—Transmit Channel

Levels received from 2W port

Level adjustment

Attenuation distortion (relative to 1 kHz)

Idle channel noise

-2 dBm to +1 dBm

-3 to +2dB in 0.1 dB increments

-0.5 to +1.0 db, 400 Hz to 2800 Hz

≤ 23 dBrnC

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Table 12A—PPO and PPS Line Card Specifications (continued)

Subscriber and Central Office

Interface—Receive Channel

Level generated to 2W port with 0dB loss

Level adjustment

Attenuation distortion (relative to 1 kHz)

Idle channel noise

0 dBm ± 0.5 Db

-3 to +2 dB in 0.1 dB increments

-0.5 to +1.0 db, 400 Hz to 2800 Hz

≤ 23 dBrnC

2W Port Characteristics

Maximum connected copper loop

Impedance

3000 feet, 26 gauge, non-loaded pair

900 ohms

Return Loss, voiceband into 900Ω + 2.16 µF

Return loss, single frequency into 900Ω + 2.16 µF

Sealing Current Source

> 18 dB ERL, > 0 dB SRL LO, HI

> 25.6 dB @ 8 kHz

Minimum voltage at NI (display set)

Minimum voltage at NI (non-display set)

Loop length

15.8 V into a 38 ma sink through 3000 ft

14.5 V into a 17 mA sink through 3000 ft

0 to 3000 feet

Polarity

Sealing Current Sink

Ring lead must be negative relative to tip lead

<960 ohms DC resistance

8 kHz Signaling Specifications

Signaling method

ASK half duplex, carrier only present during transmission of

information or acknowledgment

1 kb/s, half duplex

Signaling rate

Received 8kHz signal levels at 2W port

Standards Conformance

.200 to 1.5 V peak to peak

BellCore GR 1089-CORE, Section 2

BellCore GR 1089 section 3 and EN 500

81-1, Level B

ESD Protection

Radiated Emissions

BellCore GR 1089 CORE, Section 3

FCC Part 68

Conducted Emissions

Immunity

Requirements for Connection of Terminal Equipment Systems

and Protective Apparatus to the Telephone Network

Subpart B

Standard for Safety, Telephone Equipment

UL Standard for Safety of Information Technology Equipment

Electromagnetic compatibility generic emission standard Part 1

Residential, commercial and light industry

Electromagnetic compatibility generic immunity standard Part 1

Residential, commercial and light industry

Safety of information technology equipment including electrical

business equipment

FCC Part 15

UL 1459

UL 1950

CE EN 500 81-1

CE EN 500 82-1

CE EN 60 950/A2

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IMACS Product Book, Version 4

Voice Channel Bank Application

This is the simplest IMACS application, which can be used by a service provider. The IMACS is used in this

configuration when one or more digital T1/E1 trunks are needed to interface with analog PBXs or key systems at the

customer premises. In the US, the break-even point for bringing in a T1 trunk as opposed to multiple analog lines is

typically 6 analog lines. As a result, there is a huge market for cost-effective voice channel bank such as the IMACS.

A single IMACS can be used to provision up to 62 analog POTS lines (FXS, FXO, E&M) on digital Central Office

switches as shown in Figure 11.

Figure 11—IMACS As A Voice Channel Bank

Local Digital Switch

IMACS

Max 8 T1/E1

POTS/

CLASS

• 62 POTS/CLASS Lines

Customer Premise

Central Office

The IMACS can also be deployed in applications, which do just the reverse of voice channel banks. This is most

likely to be found in wireless local loop applications in which the wireless service provider may use a state-of-the-

art wireless local loop. The output of the wireless base station is normally a T1/E1. However, the existing PSTN

may still have analog switches. The IMACS is used to convert from robbed-bit signaling/CAS to analog trunks

(FXO).

The voice channel bank platform can be upgraded to provide an array of additional services just by adding

application modules to the chassis. It comes with a built-in suite of testing and diagnostics tools, which significantly

enhance the service and support capabilities.

TR-008 Application

BellCore’s TR-008 standard describes the requirements necessary for a Local Digital Switch (LDS) to connect to a

remote terminal (RT) across a T1 (1.544Mbps) digital interface. The standard allows supporting from one to four

T1s per RT without facility Automatic Protection Switching (APS), and two to five T1s with facility APS.

The LDS can interface the RT in Mode I (no concentration), Mode II (2:1 concentration), and Mode III (24 special-

service circuits on 24 DS1 time-slots). TR-008 supports traditional POTS, CLASS, and Coin services but does not

support ISDN BRI. If the service provider deploys a channel bank at the customer premise that does not provide

TR-008 capability then it needs a 1/0 DCS with TR-008 capability at the central office to integrate with the LDS.

The IMACS also supports TR-008 switch integration. The IMACS with TR-008 operation can connect directly to

the LDS, eliminating the need for the 1/0 DCS as shown in Figure 12a.

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Local Digital Switch

IMACS

2 x T1/E1

POTS/

CLASS

• 48 TR008 Lines

• MODE 1 (Shelves A&B)

Customer Premise

Central Office

Figure 12a - IMACS Using TR-008

IMACS TR-008 feature can support 48 lines on 2 T1 links. IMACS is an ideal vehicle to provide integrated POTS

services for line sizes of 48 and under. IMACS supports Mode I, Shelf A&B of TR-008 specification. The IMACS

supports extensive testing and diagnostics capabilities, which minimizes troubleshooting and allows for high service

levels.

T1-E1 Conversion

The Digital Access and Cross-connect System (DACS) capabilities and the signaling and companding conversion

features of the IMACS can be used to provide gateway functionality between a DS1 transport network and an E1

transport network. See Figure 12b for an illustration of this capability.

W1-1

W2-1

W1-2

W2-2

IMACS

DS1

Transport

Network

Transport

Network

W3-2

W4-2

W3-1

W4-1

Figure 12b - IMACS Using T1/E1 Conversion

Depending on the application, the signaling conversion can be set by the user to ITU-to-ANSI; ANSI-to-ITU or

None. Similarly, the companding can be set by the user to A-Law-to-µ-Law, µ-Law-to-A-Law or none. As shown

in the figure above, each WAN card must be configured with one port for DSX1 and one for CEPT. A cross-

connection circuit must be made for each DS1 to E1 DSO re-assignment. Time Slots 0 and 16 cannot be used on the

E1 link. Time slot 0 is used for timing and time slot 16 is used for Channel Associated Signaling (CAS). TS16 is

available in data-only applications.

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IMACS Product Book, Version 4

IMACS Data Modules and Applications

The IMACS supports multiple user cards for transport of digital data. A list of all cards/model types that can be

used in the chassis is provided in Table 13.

Table 13—Data Card Types

Type of Card

Description

820260 HSU Card

Supports two RS530/V.35 or RS-449 data ports via DB25 female connectors. It can

also support RS232 data through the use of the appropriate Personality module.

Supports 56K, 64K and Nx56/64K data applications.

820360 HSU Card

Supports two V.11/X.21 data ports which connects to RS530 or X.21 CPE devices via

DB25 female connectors. The ports may be configured as user ports, or can be used as

externally clocked network interface ports. Supports 56K, 64K and Nx56/64K data

applications.

821260 HSU Card

821360 HSU Card

Supports two V.35 synchronous data ports via two DB25 female connectors. Supports

56K, 64K and Nx56/64K data applications.

Provides two miniature DB26 female connectors. Each port can be configured to

support RS530 or V.35 devices. Interface selection is made on a port-by-port basis.

The 8213 supports V.25bis dialing commands (an in-band dialing protocol) and RS-

366 dialing through the use of separate DB15 pin RS-366 port connectors on the rear

of the card. Supports 56K, 64K and Nx56/64K data applications.

821460 HSU Card

821560 HSU Card

Supports two V.35 synchronous data ports via two DB25 female connectors. The

ports can be configured as user ports, or be used as externally clocked network

interface ports. Supports 56K, 64K and Nx56/64K data applications.

Provides four miniature DB26 female connectors. Each port can be configured to

support RS530 or V.35 devices. Interface selection is made on a port-by-port basis.

Supports 56K, 64K and Nx56/64K data applications. Can also support RS232 data at

56Kbps through the use of the 1253xx Personality Module and 1240 cable layer. The

821570 HSU card has improved clock jitter performance.

821660 HSU Card

Provides four miniature DB26 female connectors. Each port can be configured to

support RS530 or V.35 devices. Interface selection is made on a port-by-port basis.

Supports 56K, 64K and Nx56/64K data applications. Can also support RS232 data at

56Kbps through the use of the 1253xx Personality Module and 1240 cable layer.

Supports tail circuits greater than 24 timeslots. V.35 interface compatible with

international standards, and individually selectable transmit/receive clock inversion

options.

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Table 13—Data Card Types (continued)

822060 SRU Card

Provides 10 port RS-232C/V.24 interfaces. Supports synchronous and/or

asynchronous data ports from 300 bps to 38.4 Kbps.. Supports DS0-A, DS0-B,

V.14 and X.50 Division 3 sub-rate multiplexing format. SRU card ports can also

be multiplexed with voice traffic on an ADPCM engine (up to 19.2 Kbps data

circuit in 24 Kbps ADPCM channel). The 822061 SRU card provides equivalent

functionality as the 822060 except the Idle Pattern has been changed.

822160 SRU Card

822460 SRU Card

Functionality equivalent to 822060 SRU card. When used with 822060, increases

the SRU port density per IMACS system beyond the current limit of 60.

The 822460 SRU has 4 DB-26 female connectors. Supports synchronous and/or

asynchronous data ports from 300 bps to 38.4 Kbps. Supports DS0-A, DS0-B,

V.14 and X.50 Division 3 sub-rate multiplexing formats. SRU card ports can also

be multiplexed with voice traffic on an ADPCM engine (up to 19.2 Kbps data

circuit in 24 Kbps ADPCM channel).

822560 SRU Card

Supports 10 RS-232E synchronous and/or asynchronous data ports from 300 bps to

38.4 Kbps. Supports DS0-A, DS0-B, V.14 and X.50 Division 3 sub-rate

multiplexing formats by hardware instead of software. The configuration is

controlled via local terminal or remote NMS. The SRU offers lower delay and

increasing throughput. SRU card ports can also be multiplexed with voice traffic on

an ADPCM engine (up to 19.2 Kbps data circuit in 24 Kbps ADPCM channel).

Supports CSU, DSU and OCU loop backs.

822860 BnR

Concentrator Card

Provides concentration for time slots containing diagnostics from remote IMACS

units. Multiplexes up to 8 ports of Bit-7-Redundant (B7R) or B4R formatted data

channels from up to 8 different DS0s onto a single, asynchronous channel at up to

38.4 Kbps. Data on the aggregate channel is in SLIP format and the interface is

RS-232.

823160 FRAD Card

Frame Relay Assembler/Disassembler provides encapsulation for HDLC/SDLC or

Async ports up to 38.4 Kbps. Transparent/Sync up to 38.4 Kbps. This card

concentrate up to 8 non-frame inputs into 2 data streams at 56Kbps or 64Kbps.

Total of 10 ports may be assigned to input (FRAD) or output (concentrator) ports

based on configuration guidelines. Access to this card is via on-card RS-232 or

through DS0-B over T1.

824160 and 822460

OCU-DP Cards

The 824160 (5 port) and 822460 (10 port) allows provisioning of DDS services or

consolidation of DSU traffic as DS0-A or DS0-B. Interfaces directly to DSU at

speeds up to and including 64 Kbps. Does not support BCH error correction,

performance monitoring or operation in CSU mode (used only for back-to-back

OCU-DP ports). Emulates an 8247 for existing system compatibility. Each port

may be connected to a DSU/CSU operating at 64, 56, Switched 56, 19.2, 9.6, 4.8 or

2.4 Kbps. DSUs can be local to several thousand feet distant to IMACS based on

speed and wire gauge.

BRI Card

OCU-DP Card 8249

The 8249 is a 2 port OCU-DP card that provides interfaces for provisioning of

DDS services or consolidation of DSU traffic. Supports DS0-A or DS0-B sub-rate,

56K, 64K and Switched 56Kbps DDS. Supports BCH error correction,

performance monitoring or operation in CSU mode. Secondary channel operation

can be enabled if desired. Optional error correction for inter-IMACS circuits.

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825460 DSO-DP Card Provides 4 ports of DS0-DP or G.703 64K. For G.703, clock can be selected to be

co- directional or contra-directional.

826070 BRI Card

This BRI-U card provides 8 ports of 2-wire 2B1Q interface via a single RJ27X (F),

50-pin amphenol connector. Adheres to 2B+D format. Supports external timing.

Can be used to support NTUs for dedicated operation or for connections to BRI-U

interface devices. Commonly used for BRI Terminal extension.

826170 BRI Card

This BRI-U card provides 8 ports of 2-wire 2B1Q interface via a single RJ27X (F),

50-pin amphenol connector. Adheres to 2B+D format. Supports external timing.

Can be used to support NTUs for dedicated operation or for connections to BRI-U

interface devices. Commonly used for BRI Terminal extension. Provides sealing

(or wetting) current, 7.5mA or 15mA.

826171 BRI Card

826270 BRI Card

This BRI-U card provides 8 ports of 2-wire 2B1Q interface via a single RJ27X (F),

50-pin amphenol connector. Adheres to 2B+D format. Supports external timing.

Can be used to support NTUs for dedicated operation or for connections to BRI-U

interface devices. Commonly used for BRI Terminal extension. Provides sealing

(or wetting) current, 7.5mA or 15mA. No “DC signature” feature support.

This BRI-S/T card provides 8 ports of 4-wire interfaces via a single RJ27X (F), 50-

pin amphenol connector. Adheres to 2B+D format. Supports external timing.

Provides TE, NT1 and NT2 emulation. Commonly used to provide remote

extension of four wire BRI CPE devices from an ISDN PBX. Requires external

power connection (-48V DC) if more than 3 cards installed in IMACS chassis

unless 891330 and 8908 are used (special cable required).

826361 BRI Card

826461 BRI Card

826462 BRI Card

Supports 8 ports of 2-wire 2B1Q via a single RJ27X connector. Supports LULT

and LUNT. Supports Bi-directional B1, B2 and D channel. Network clock for bit

timing to LULT and EOC as per TR000397 using 3 DS0 TDM methods. Support

Interim Performance Monitoring as per TR-000397 and TR-000829. Provides

sealing current. No “DC Signature”.

Supports 8 ports of 2-wire 2B1Q via a single RJ27X connector. Supports LULT

and LUNT. Supports Bi-directional B1, B2 and D channel. Network clock for bit

timing to LULT and EOC as per TR000397 using 3 DS0 TDM methods. Support

Interim Performance Monitoring as per TR-000397 and TR-000829. Provides “DC

Signature” but no sealing current.

Supports 8 ports of 2-wire 2B1Q via a single RJ27X connector. Supports LU, LT,

LULT and LUNT and network management of NTUs (2560 and 2561). Supports

Bi-directional B1, B2 and D channel. Network clock for bit timing to LULT and

EOC as per TR000397 using 3 DS0 TDM methods. Support Interim Performance

Monitoring as per TR-000397 and TR-000829.

828060 PM-IOR Card Inter Office Router card is based on Lucent Technologies PortMaster product line.

Connects 10BaseT Ethernet LAN to T1/E1 WAN. Uses PPP or Frame Relay and

IP (TCP/IP and IPX) to route up to 1.2 Mbps through WAN. Can assign Nx56/64

Kbps DS0s. Configure router through RJ-45 console port. Supports SNMP

network management.

March 2001

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IMACS Product Book, Version 4

HSU Card

The HSU card allows the connection of high-speed data terminal equipment (DTE) and data communications

equipment (DCE) to WAN links, server cards (FRS) or another HSU card. The HSU card also provides low or mid-

density connectivity for local, synchronous peripherals such as, LAN Bridge/Routers and legacy SNA/SDLC

devices. Additionally, these high-speed data cards provide broadcast functionality for point to multi-point

operations suitable for applications such as video-conferencing. When used in conjunction with an 8840 PRI Server

Card, the HSU card can be used to provide switched data application functionality. All HSU cards can be installed

in any of the User Slots in an IMACS chassis.

Each port on a HSU can be independently configured to operate at speeds of Nx56 or Nx64 Kbps, where N equals 1

to 24 in T1 mode or 1 to 31 in E1 mode. In addition to the data rate, each synchronous port’s Transmit Clock can be

programmed for Internal or External modes and both the Clock and Data Polarity may be inverted through software.

The External Transmit Clock mode and the Inverted Clock Polarity mode may be useful in ensuring that both the

Transmit Clock and the Transmit Data are in sync when they reach the HSU port. This should occur when the HSU

port and the attached device are connected over a long cable. The Data Polarity may be inverted to ensure the

density for Nx64 Kbps data circuits supporting HDLC-based protocols that are connected to non-B8ZS T1 facilities.

The “Clear To Send” control lead may always be set to high, low or local mode. In local mode, the CTS signal

reflects the state of the Request To Send (RTS) signal that is received from the attached DTE device. In that mode,

the delay between RTS and CTS is software set-able, with options of 0, 30, 60 or 100 milliseconds. Additionally, if

the HSU port is programmed to operate at Nx56 Kbps, then RTS will be transmitted end-to-end and presented as

RLSD at the far end of the circuit.

Software-initiated diagnostics support the setting of local loop backs towards either the network or the attached DTE

equipment. Additionally, a remote loop back function allows the HSU card to generate three DDS-compatible

latching loop back codes for the far-end OCU, CSU and DSU equipment. Similarly, the HSU data port may be

programmed to detect and respond to both latching and non-latching DDS-format OCU, CSU and DSU loop back

codes initiated from the remote end of the circuit. A time-out option authorizes the HSU port to automatically

release the loop back after ten minutes. This feature applies to an HSU port that is running at 56 Kbps or for super-

rate circuits if the loop back code is transmitted in the first super-rate’s DSO. The card can also generate and

recognize two industry standard in-band loop-up and loop-down codes that act on the entire super-rate circuit.

Those are the ITU (CCITT) V.54 code and the ANSI Fractional T1 code.

Additionally, the integral Bit Error Rate Tester (BERT) can be used to generate test patterns and route those towards

the WAN facility. These test patterns can then be used to verify synchronization and measure circuit quality. For

further information regarding Performance Monitoring and Diagnostic Capabilities, see Section 13, IMACS System

Testing and Diagnostics.

Applications

There are several business applications the IMACS equipped with an HSU card supports.

LAN to LAN

LAN to WAN to LAN

Work Station to Computer

Computer to Computer

Compressed Video

CAD/CAM

Call Center

IMACS and HSU Application Example

A major Health Maintenance Organization has numerous locations, which have a Central main hospital facility and

smaller satellite facilities. The HMO cannot afford to fully staff each main and satellite site with specialists. As

patients enter the satellite facilities, video and audio sessions can be established with the specialists at the Main

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IMACS Product Book, Version 4

hospital. Although the satellite sites are not equipped with Intensive Care Units, emergencies can be admitted and

support solicited from the Main hospital personnel as shown in Figure 13.

Main

Medical

Facility

Remote

Medical

Facility

IMACS

Video Codec

FT1

1 WAN

Card

IMACS

Video Codec

FT1

1 WAN

Remote

Medical

Facility

IMACS

Multichannel

Conferencing Unit

FT1

Video Codec

Figure 13 - Point to MultiPoint One-Way Video and Audio Using HSUs

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Zhone Technologies, Inc.

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Table 14 describes the various high-speed data cards.

Table 14—820260, 820360, 821260, 821360, 821460, 821560, 821570 and 821660 High-speed Data Cards

Model Number

Number of

Data Ports

Physical Interfaces

Electrical Interfaces

2 female 25-pin DB25 D-connectors ITU-T V.35, RS232,

RS530/RS449

Model 820260

DB25 female connectors

ITU-T V.11, RS 530

Model 820360

Model 821260

Model 821360

2 female 25-pin DB25 D-connectors ITU-T V.35 (True V.35)

2 female 26-pin DB26 D-connectors ITU-T V.35, V.25bis, RS366,

RS530

2 DB15 female connectors

(V25 bis and/or RS-366 dialing

when used with 8840 PRI Card)

2 female 25-pin DB26 D-connectors ITU -T V.35 (True V.35),

4 female 26-pin DB26 D-connectors RS530, RS-232, V.35 devices

Model 821460

Model 821560

Model 821570 (improved

clock jitter performance)

Model 821660

4 female DB26 connectors RS530, RS-232 and True V.35 devices

Nx56K and Nx64K where N=1 to 31 (up to 1984 Kbps)-Software Configurable

by port

Data Format

Synchronous

Data Protocol

Transparent

Transmit Clock per

Port

Internal or external (software configurable)

Clock Polarity per Port Normal or inverted (software configurable)

Data Polarity per Port

Normal or inverted (software configurable)

Model 8213 only when used with 8840 PRI Server Card

Dial Capability

Number of Dialing

Ports

Dialing Electrical

Interface

EIA RS-366, ITU-T V.25 bis

2 female 15-pin D-connectors

Dialing Physical

Interface

Errored Seconds, Unavailable Second, Severely Errored Second, Burst Errored

Second, Loss of Packet Seconds, Loss of Frame Count

Performance Statistics

Standards

Conformance

ITU-T V.35

Data Transmission of 48 kbps Using 60-108 kHz Group Band Circuits

ITU-T V.11 (10/96)

Electrical characteristics for balanced double-current interchange circuits operating at

data signaling rates up to 10 Mbps

ITU-T v.24

(10/96) - List of definitions for interchange circuits between data terminal equipment

(DTE) and data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE)

ITU-T V.28

Electrical characteristics for unbalanced double-current interchange circuits

ITU-T G.704 (7/95)

Synchronous frame structures used at 1544, 6312, 2048, 8488 and 44 736 Kbps

hierarchical levels

ITU-T V.25bis

(Model 8213 only) (10/96) - Automatic answering equipment and general procedures for

automatic calling equipment on the general switched telephone network including

procedures for disabling of echo control devices for both manually and automatically

EIA RS-422

EIA RS-449

Electrical characteristics of balanced voltage digital interface circuits

General purpose 37 position and 9 position interface for DTE and DCE equipment

employing serial binary data interchanges

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IMACS Product Book, Version 4

EIA RS-530

EIA RS-366

FCC Part 15

UL 1950

High-speed 25 Position Interface for Data Terminal Equipment, Including Alternative 25

Position Connector.

Interface Between Data Terminal Equipment and Automatic Calling Equipment for Data

Communication

Subpart B

UL Standard for Safety of Information Technology Equipment

CE EN 500 81-1

Electromagnetic compatibility generic emission standard Part 1 Residential,

commercial and light industry

CE EN 500 82-1

CE EN 60 950/A2

Electromagnetic compatibility generic immunity standard Part 1 Residential,

commercial and light industry

Safety of information technology equipment including electrical business

equipment

Network Equipment-Building System (NEBS) Requirements: Physical Protection

BellCore GR-63-CORE

2. SRU Card

The 822060/822161 SRU Card allows synchronous or asynchronous connections of up to ten RS-232, low-speed

and medium-speed (300 bps to 38.4 kbps) data terminals to the integrated access system. Since an SRU port does

not require a complete 64Kbps time slot, the Sub-Rate card allows the multiplexing of a number of devices into a

single, subdivided time slot on a WAN card. SRU card ports can also be multiplexed with voice traffic on an

ADPCM engine. The 822060 accesses user buses A & B, and the 822161 SRU accesses user buses C & D. The

822061 SRU has equivalent functions as the 822060 with the exception of Idle Pattern changes. The 822460 SRU

has 4 RS-422 ports that support synchronous and/or asynchronous connections from 300 bps to 38.4 Kbps. The

Low Delay SRU provides 10 RS-232E ports that support synchronous and/or asynchronous V.14 operations. The

sub-rate multiplexing is performed by hardware instead of software.

Each RS-232 port can be independently programmed for synchronous (including HDLC) or asynchronous operation.

Synchronous operation is available at speeds of 2.4 Kbps up to 38.4 Kbps while for asynchronous the range is 300

bps up to 38.4 Kbps. Each synchronous port can receive timing from either the DTE device or the system clock. If

the DTE supplies the transmit clocking, it must be synchronized with the system clocking source. For each

asynchronous data port, the stop bits, data bits and parity are user configurable. The SRU incorporates a built-in

V.14 Async-to-sync converter to avoid over-sampling and consequently saves bandwidth. Asynchronous data

circuits are converted to synchronous mode by the SRU card prior to multiplexing onto a WAN aggregate.

Sub-rate data ports are multiplexed into industry standard DSO formats. The user may specify the format of the

DSO that the data port is assigned to. The choices are: DSO-A which allows only one data port to be mapped into

the DSO and DSO-B which allows multiple data ports from multiple SRU cards in the system to be mapped into the

same DSO time slot. If the DSO-B format is selected, then the user can specify the type of DSO-B format required

(b-5, b-10 and b-20) and the sub-rate position that the data port will occupy within the DSO-B frame.

In b-5 mode, the DSO is divided into five sub-rate positions, each of which are occupied by a data port operating at

9.6 Kbps, 4.8 Kbps, or 2.4 Kbps. Additionally, one or two 19.2 Kbps circuits are supported in b-5 mode. Each

would occupy two of the five sub-rate positions. Additionally, data circuits running at 28.8 Kbps or 38.4 Kbps are

supported in b-5 mode and will occupy three or four of the five available sub-rate positions. In b-10 mode, the DSO

is divided into ten sub-rate positions, each of which are occupied by a data port operation at 4.8 Kbps or 2.4 Kbps.

In b-20 mode, the DSO is divided into 20 sub-rate positions, each of which are occupied by a data port operating at

2.4 Kbps.

In the application shown in Figure 14, the IMACS with the SRU card (on the right hand side) can either send each

sub-rate on a separate DS0 (DSO-A format) or groom multiple sub-rate channels into a single DS0 (one of the DSO-

B formats).

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ACS

IMACS w/ SRU

Remote

Local

DTE

OCU-DP

CSU/DSU

T1 carrier

Network

Remo

DTE

Remo

V.35

DTE

Remo

DTE

RS232

Synchronous/Asynchronous

DTE.

(

300 bps

8.4 Kbps)

Figure 14 - IMACS With SRU Card Application

The SRU card also supports X.50 division 3, an ITU (CCITT) standard for sub-rate multiplexing. The

maximum bandwidth of the SRU card is 115.2Kbps. The SRU card provides the ability for software

configurable delay optimization. If delay optimization is used on all 10 ports, the maximum bandwidth

available will be 76.8Kbps. Software-initiated diagnostics supported on the SRU card is the same as on the

HSU card. Table 15 describes the SRU card specifications.

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Table 15—SRU Card Specifications

Model Number

822060 SRU Card

822061 SRU Card

822160 SRU Card

822460 SRU Card

822560 SRU Card

Operational Interface

Interface Settings

Sub-rate Framing Format

Sub-rate Time slot number

Synchronous Data

Format

# of data ports

Physical Interfaces

Electrical Interfaces

RS-232C, V.24

RS-422

10 female 8-pin RJ-48

4 female 26 pin DB-26

10 female 8-pin RJ-48

RS-232E

DCE—full duplex

Asynchronous, synchronous, V.14

X.50, V.14, DSO-A, DSO-B with 5, 10 or 20 divisions per DSO

1 through 20 depending on sub-rate framing format

Transparent

Transmit Clocking

Speeds

Software configurable per port; internal or external

2.4; 4.8; 9.6; 14.4; 19.2; 28.8 and 38.4 Kbps

Asynchronous Data

Format

V.14 or proprietary

Stop Bits

Software configurable per port; 1 or 2

Data Bits

Parity

Speeds

Software configurable per port; 5, 6, 7 or 8

Software configurable per port; none, odd, even, space or mark

2.4; 4.8; 9.6; 14.4; 19.2; 28.8 and 38.4 Kbps

Signaling

DSR

Tied to DTR

CTS

CTS delay

RLSD

Software configurable per port; on, off (tied to RTS)

Software configurable per port; immediate, 30, 60 or 100 ms

Software configurable per port; permanently on, follows remote RTS (drop

on receipt of IDL or CGA RED)

Standards Compatibility

Network Equipment-Building System (NEBS) Requirements: Physical

Protection

AT&T TR54075

ITU-T V.24

ITU-T V.28

Sub-rate Data Multiplexing - A Service of DATAPHONE Digital Service

Definitions for Interchange Circuits Between DTE and CE

Electrical characteristics for unbalanced double-current interchange

Fundamental Parameters of a Multiplexing Scheme for the International

Interface Between Synchronous Data Networks (note: does not support

600bps data

ITU-T X.50 Division 3

ITU-T V.14

Transmission of Start-Stop Characters over Synchronous Bearer Channels

(using Async to synch converters)

EIA RS232

FCC Part 15

UL 1950

Interface between DTE and DCE employing serial binary data interchange

Subpart B

UL Standard for Safety of Information Technology Equipment

Electromagnetic compatibility generic emission standard Part 1 Residential,

commercial and light industry

CE EN 500 81-1

CE EN 500 82-1

Electromagnetic compatibility generic immunity standard Part 1

Residential, commercial and light industry

CE EN 60 950/A2

Safety of information technology equipment including electrical business

equipment

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3. FRAD Card

The 823160 Frame Relay Assembler/Disassembler (FRAD) user card provides eight ports for transport of low speed

data across Frame Relay Networks. The FRAD can encapsulate HDLC protocols (such as SDLC). Each port can be

independently configured for asynchronous, transparent synchronous data or HDLC.

When taking data from the on-board RS-232 port, the FRAD card supports speeds of 2.4, 4.8, 9.6, 14.4, 19.2, 28.8

and 38.4 Kbps, independently configured on a per port basis. The aggregate Frame Relay encapsulated traffic

coming out of the WAN card can be configured to transmit at 56Kbps or 64 Kbps.

When processing HDLC data, the flags and the CRC are removed before assembling the frames. For asynchronous

data, start and stop bits are removed before the frames are assembled. Other data is treated as a transparent data

stream and all bits will be encapsulated into transmitted frames. The FRAD card supports proprietary sub-

addressing over a PVC. This sub-addressing is transparent to the Frame Relay Transport Network, and allows

multiple ports on a single FRAD to share the same PVC, resulting in lower costs.

The FRAD card also maintains performance statistics detailing the number of frames transmitted, number of frames

received, number of octets transmitted, number of octets received, number of frames dropped before being received

during a 15 minute interval and a status field describing the conditional that caused the dropped packets (DTE port

down, loop back in progress or port in standby). All these performance statistics are gather for 24 hours, in 1-hour

intervals. The FRAD card also provides test frame generators for additional diagnostics.

In the application represented by the Figure 16 , the router on the left (at a remote office) is connected to the IMACS

via the FRAD card at 9.6Kbps, along with other voice traffic from a PBX. The router traffic is mapped onto a DS0

on the T1 link to the Central Office where it is separated by a DACS and directed towards a Frame Relay network

and switched/routed to the destination router at the headquarters. See Figure 15 for an illustration of the FRAD

Card’s capabilities and Table 16 for the FRAD Card’s specifications.

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PSTN

IMACS w/ FRAD

DACS

PBX

Frame

Relay

Router

Figure 15 - IMACS FRAD Card Application

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Table 16—FRAD Card Specifications

Model 823160 FRAD Card

Number of Ports

Speeds

2.4; 4.8; 9.6; 14.4; 19.2; 28.8 and 38.4 Kbps

Physical Interface

Electrical Interface

Data Format

Data Protocol

DLCI

10 Female 8-pin RJ-48

RS232, ITU-T V.28

Synchronous and asynchronous

Async or HDLC (SDLC); transparent

16 to 991

LMI

ANSI, CCITT, LMI (Gang of Four)

5 to 512 bytes

56 or 64 kbps

Maximum Frame Size

Frame Relay Aggregate Rate

Time Slot Number for WAN

Diagnostics

1 through 31 on an WAN (T1/E1) link

HDLC Test Pattern

Loop Back

Active or inactive

To DTE, to network or remote

Synchronous Data

Format

Transparent

Transmit Clocking

Asynchronous Data

Format

Software configurable per port; internal or external

V.14 or proprietary

Stop Bits

Software configurable per port; 1 or 2

Data Bits

Parity

Speeds

Software configurable per port; 5, 6, 7 or 8

Software configurable per port; none, odd, even, space or mark

2.4; 4.8; 9.6; 14.4; 19.2; 28.8 and 38.4 Kbps

Standards Compatibility

BellCore GR-63-CORE

Network Equipment-Building System (NEBS) Requirements:

Physical Protection

AT&T TR54075

Sub-rate Data Multiplexing - A Service of DATAPHONE Digital

Service

FCC Part 15

ITU-T V.28

Subpart B

Electrical characteristics for unbalanced double current

interchange currents

UL 1950

CE EN 500 81-1

UL Standard for Safety of Information Technology Equipment

Electromagnetic compatibility generic emission standard Part 1

Residential, commercial and light industry

Electromagnetic compatibility generic immunity standard Part 1

Residential, commercial and light industry

Safety of information technology equipment including electrical

business equipment

CE EN 500 82-1

CE EN 60 950/A2

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4. OCU-DP Card

The OCU-DP (Office Channel Unit - Data Port) is used to interface directly to DSU/CSUs (Data Service Units

Channels Service Units) supporting data traffic up to and including 64Kbps. A four-wire circuit can connect the

OCU-DP card to a DSU/CSU that can be located up to four miles away. In switched 56 Kbps mode, users can

access the network on an as-needed basis by dial-up commands. The system unit must be equipped to provide -48

VDC power to fully support the functionality of the OCU-DP card.

OCU-DP Card Models

The IMACS supports three cards for support of external CSU/DSUs:

•

8249 OCU-DP 2 Port Card

824160 OCU-DP 5 Port Card

824660 OCU-DP 10 Port Card

The 8249 OCU-DP card supports two ports while the 824160 and 824660 are five and ten port cards, respectively.

All OCU-DP cards support RJ48 female connectors.

Each OCU-DP port can be independently programmed to operate at 2.4, 4.8, 9.6, 19.2, 56 and 64 Kbps in either

DSO-A, (one channel per DS0) or DS0-B format, which allows multiple data ports from multiple OCU-DP cards in

the system to be mapped into the same DS0 time slot. If the DS0-B format is selected, the user then specifies the

type of DS0-B format required (b-5, b-10 or b-20) and the sub-rate position that the data port occupied by the data

port within the DS0-B frame.

In switched-56K mode, an OCU-DP port provides a connection for an external Switched-56K DSU/CSU that will

perform all call set-up and dialing functions. The OCU-DP card converts the call set-up commands into standard

signaling and sends the signaling over the WAN facility.

All OCU-DP cards support a low speed secondary channel that is established in the 8^thbit position of the DS0 time

slot to which the OCU-DP port is assigned. The secondary channel can be used for testing and maintenance of the

main circuit or for the transmission of other, independent, low speed data. The specification table shows the

secondary channel rates associated with the standard primary port rates of the OCU-DP card.

The 8249 OCU-DP card also supports two methods of error correction. The first is known as “Majority Vote” and

applies to the lower data rates, specifically, 2.4, 4.8 and 9.6 Kbps. The other is known as the BCH (Bose-

Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem) method and applies to data rates of 19.2 Kbps and 56 Kbps. In the case of a 19.2 Kbps

circuit, the error correction information is placed in the same DS0 that the circuit occupies. In the case of a 56 Kbps

circuit, the error correction information is placed in a following, adjacent DS0 time slot on the WAN aggregate.

On all OCU-DP cards, performance statistics are collected by the system and are available through the user

interface. Performance statistics include Errored Seconds (any second with an error), Severely Errored Seconds

(any second with an error rate exceeding 10E-3) and Consecutive Severely Errored Seconds (CSES). They are

displayed in one-hour intervals for up to 24 hours. CSES are counted by the system once ten consecutive Severely

Errored Seconds are logged. The counter stops when the system logs ten consecutive non-Severely Errored

Seconds. An OCU-DP port on the 8249 card may be programmed for OCU mode or CSU mode. OCU mode is the

most common and is used whenever the OCU-DP port attaches to a CSU/DSU over a four-wire circuit. CSU mode

allows the card to be connected directly to the digital network.

Software initiated diagnostics supported by the OCU-DP card include the setting of six different loop backs. Three

of these act on the OCU-DP card itself and are known as local loop backs and the other three generate loop back

patterns to remote devices and are known as remote loop backs. Among local loop backs, there are three types:

•

Loop backs of the 4-wire analog interface of the OCU-DP port towards the attached CSU

Loop backs of the 4-wire OCU-DP interface towards the network

Loop backs towards the network at the point where the OCU-DP card interfaces with the system bus

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All three remote loop backs are latching loop backs. These latching loop backs are:

•

Loop back of the analog interface of the remote OCU-DP device back towards the network

Loop back of the 4-wire interface of the remote CSU device back towards the network

Loop backs of the 4-wire interface of the local CSU device towards the network.

An OCU-DP port may be programmed to detect and respond to both latching and non-latching (i.e., alternating)

DDS-format OCU loop back codes that are initiated from the remote end of the circuit. A time-out option

authorizes the OCU-DP port to automatically release the loop back after ten minutes.

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Table 17 depicts the OCU-DP card’s specifications. For further information regarding Performance Monitoring and

Diagnostic Capabilities, see Chapter 13, IMACS System Testing and Diagnostics.

Table 17—OCU-DP Specifications

Model Number

Model 8249

Number of Ports

Physical Interfaces

Female 8-pin RJ-48

Model 824160

Model 824660

Data Format

Data Encoding

Line Interface

Speeds

Female 8-pin RJ-48

Synchronous—binary, serial

Bipolar, return to 0, AMI

4-wire

2.4; 4.8; 9.6; 14.4; 19.2, 56 and 64 Kbps

DS0-A, DS0-B with 5, 10 or 20 divisions per DS0

Majority vote for speeds 9.6kbps or less; BCH for 19.2, 456 and 64kbps (8249

model only)

Sub-rate Framing Formatting

Error Correction

Secondary port

As described in AT&T 62310, 62411 Addendum and TA (pass through only) TSY

000077 and TA TSY000083, a separate lower speed data circuit, which may be

used for testing and maintenance. Modes are on or off.

Distances

Supported

Primary

Rate

Secondary

Rate

---

Line

Rate

Loss Limit

19 Ga.

(KF)

133.0

114.3

97.6

22 Ga.

(KF)

90.7

79.1

65.8

57.5

48.3

42.9

36.9

33.9

35.0

33.3

24 Ga.

(KF)

71.5

61.9

51.1

44.8

37.1

32.8

27.6

25.1

24.5

23.1

26 Ga.

(KF)

56.8

48.7

40.2

35.1

28.4

25.2

21.0

19.9

17.6

16.5

2400

133

---

3200

4800

267

---

6400

86.3

9600

74.2

9600

533

---

12800

19200

25600

56000

72000

67.5

19200

56000

64000

60.0

1067

---

57.0

60.7

2667

---

57.6

Primary Port Rate

56 kbps

Secondary Port Rate

2,666 bps

19.2 kbps

1,066 bps

9.6 kbps

533 bps

4.8 kbps

266 bps

2.4 kbps

133 bps

Operational Modes

Standards Compliance

AT&T TR62411

TA-TSY-000077

Software configurable per line ocu or csu

Accunet T1.5 Service Description

Digital Channel Banks- Requirements for Data port Channel Unit Functions, Issue

3, April 1986

TA-TSY-000083

Generic Requirements for the Digital Data System (DDS) Network Office Channel

Unit, Issue 2, April 1986

BellCore Pub 62310

CCITT T1.107-1988

ANSI T1.107b-1990

DSO Digital Local Channel Description Interface Specification (August 1993)

Digital Hierarchy- Format Specifications 1988

Digital Hierarchy- Supplement to Format Specifications (Synchronous Digital Data

Format), June 1991

March 2001

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5. BRI Card

The 826xxx line of BRI Cards offers industry standard ISDN BRI “U” or “S/T” Interfaces. Each BRI Card supports

eight BRI “U” Interfaces for long line circuit provisioning, or “S/T” Interface for local provisioning. The BRI

Interface provides two bearer and one data channel over two wires (1 pair). The S/T interface provides the same

functionality over 4-wires (2 pair). In addition to this, each BRI “U” Interface supports 256x Zhone Technologies

NTUs or Adtran 64/1218 NTUs, providing remote NTU management. With the 826361 and 826461 cards available

with host release 5.1.X or above, full NTU management and ISDN switch signaling are supported.

The Basic Rate Interface “U” Interface card offers connectivity to sites located up to 18,000 feet from the integrated

access system. This distance is influenced by factors such as wire gauge, bridge tap and loading patterns as

described in ANSI T1.601-1992 specifications. The BRI cards are equipped with eight “U” interfaces that can carry

one BRI, 2B+D channel. This will give users either two 64 Kbps or one 128 Kbps bearer channels per interface.

The “U” Interface is also provides optional sealing current for maintaining wire pair performance. When used with

IMACS WAN and Server Card options, the BRI card supports two transmission protocols (BRITE for the

826361/826461 models and Zhone Technologies proprietary protocol for 826070/826171 models), facilitating

leased line or IDSL (2B1Q) provisioning, BRI to PRI operation and BRI (data) to Frame Relay/ATM Operation.

Either protocol allows the IMACS to extend the reach of an ISDN PBX hundred of miles away from the location of

the PBX switch as shown in Figure 16. All services are passed to the remote location with no restrictions, enabling

the end user or agent to use all PBX functionality as if they were locally attached to the switch. Management of this

solution is transparent to the PBX programmer. All remote extensions are treated as if they are local connections.

No special programming or management is necessary. For example, if there was an ISDN switch located in San

Francisco, ISDN capabilities could be transparently transported across the network to a remote call center or other

customer in San Ramon. There is no technical limit once connected to the network; service could be as far away as

New York.

ISDN Terminal Extension

San Francisco

Central Office

NT1

“U”

IMACS with

BRITE card

18k ft ISDN

Service Limit

ISDN Switch

ISDN Service Area Extension

San

Ramon

NT1

“U”

IMACS with

BRITE card

Figure 16 - IMACS BRI Terminal Extension Application

March 2001

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The two transmission protocol supports switched connectivity to ISDN capable switches and D channel signaling on

either a full DS0 or multiplexed 4:1 on a single DS0. The ability to multiplex 4 channels onto one DS0 allows for

more efficient provisioning. The 826361 and 826461 cards only support 3 DS0s at this time.

Another application of the BRI card is for leased line, or IDSL (ISDN Digital Subscriber Loop) as shown in Figure

18. This allows for a DDS type circuit, with 2 * 64 kbps bearer channels over a single wire pair. The leased circuit

can be any standard 2B1Q (U interface) NTU device that supports “nailed-up” (1 or 2B channels) connections and

no D channel signaling for the 826070, 826171, and 826270 cards. The 826361 and 826461 cards support a

standard non-direct OS/NE communication scheme or multipoint eoc (mp-eoc). The mp-eoc is used for sending

operations messages between the ISDN switch and NE line units.

The requirements are specified in TR-829. The performance monitoring portion of this specification will not be

implemented. For the 3-DS0 TDM, the overhead bits are transported between the LUNT and LULT as described in

TR-397, and for the 4:1 TDM, this is done in a proprietary format. This allows continued customer deployment of

D4 equipment as shown in Figure 17.

Leased Line or IDSL (2B1Q)

IMACS

2B1Q

NTU

IMACS

2B1Q

NTU

DTE

T1/E1 carrier

Network

Figure 17 - IMACS BRI Card In A Leased Line or IDSL Application

C e n t r a l O f f i c e

T 1

N T 1

I M

C S

i t h

e l

a n

B R I T E c a r d

I S

i t c h

T 1

N T 1

I M

C S

i t h

B R I T E c a r d

Figure 18 - Use of Legacy D4 Equipment Application

BRI Card Models

In both cases, leased line and BRITE, B channels carrying voice traffic on the BRI card can be compressed through

the ADPCM card to extend the user’s Servers. The only limitation on BRI traffic is that NTUs or NT1s must be

located less than 18,000 feet from the system unit.

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The 826070 BRI “U” Card has software configurable mode operation of LT and NT. It supports up to eight leased

or BRI terminal extension applications. The 826070 does not support sealing current generation or termination.

The 826171 BRI “U” Card has all of the functionality of the 826070, however, switching between the LT and NT

modes must be performed by making a menu selection and changing jumper connections on the card. Also, the

826171, unlike the 826070 the card supports a user configurable sealing current of 7.5mA or 15.0mA.

The 826270 BRI “ST” Card is designed to support “S/T” 4-wire interface applications. This card provides TE, NT1

and NT2 emulation and is commonly used to provide remote extension of four-wire BRI CPE devices from an ISDN

PBX.

This section outlines the applicable features in TR-NWT-000397. The LULT has the same master DSL transceiver

as the LT in the ISDN switch. However, the LULT differs from the LT in several respects that deal with the DSL

overhead and options for supporting multiplexing. The following list notes some of the key distinctions of the

LULT from the LT.

Features of an LT like line unit (LULT):

•

The LULT “functional backplane” interface is the IMACS backplane, not a switch.

The LULT supports 3-DS0 TDM (BRITE) for multiplexing ISDN Basic Access over a carrier system. This

implies appropriate processing and transport of the DSL overhead information.

The LULT acts as a multipoint eoc intermediate slave node.

The LULT has the option of disabling standard processing of the eoc to permit carrier transport of non-ISDN

applications.

•

The LULT supports generic segmented performance monitoring processing.

Features of an NT like line unit (LUNT):

This section outlines the applicable features in TR-NWT-000397. The LUNT has the same master DSL transceiver

as an NT1. However, the LUNT differs from an NT1 in several respects.

•

The LUNT “functional backplane” interface is the IMACS backplane, not a T interface.

The LUNT supports 3-DS0 TDM for multiplexing ISDN Basic Access over a carrier system. This implies

appropriate processing and transport of the DSL overhead information.

The LUNT acts as a multipoint eoc intermediate slave node.

The LUNT has the option of disabling standard processing of the eoc to permit carrier transport of non-ISDN

applications.

•

The LUNT only passes through NT1 power status bits or NT1-in-test-mode bits.

The LUNT originates nib and aib, as well as pass on any nib values received from the customer direction and

originated by a downstream line unit.

•

The LUNT supports generic segmented performance monitoring processing.

The LUNT does not require the ANSI T1.601-1992 NT1 dc termination. It provides a simple dc resistive

signature for metallic testing purposes.

The 826x70 series of IMACS BRI cards are also designed to support external timing part of the standard

functionality. All IMACS BRI cards support extensive built in diagnostics and tests. Loop backs can be generated

on a per channel basis; with choice of loop back generation mode and loop back codes. Built in BERT tests include

off, mark, space, and 1:1, 1:7, p_1, p_0, p_1:1, p_1:7.

In addition to all of the software configurable options on the BRI card itself, the BRI card has the ability to remotely

manage up to eight NTUs. The NTU’s DTE interface type, data rate and asynchronous baud rate are a few options

that are configurable through the IMACS BRI card interface. This further enhances network manageability by

accessing all ISDN equipment from a single platform.

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Table 18 describes the BRI card specifications.

Table 18—BRI Card Specifications

Models 826070, 826171, 826270, 826361 and 826461 Basic

Rate ISDN Cards

Physical Characteristics

Number of ports

Capacity per port

Two B (64 kbps each) and one D (16 kbps)

channel

Female 50-pin RJ-27X Telco connector

Physical Interface

Electrical Interface

Model 826070, 826171, 826361 and 826461

Model 826270

2-wire, U-interface per ANSI T1.601

4-wire, S/T interface per ANSI T1.602/ITU

1.430

826070 and 826171 Transmission

Range

Wire Gauge

22 AWG (.644 mm) 24 AWG (.511 mm) 26 AWG (.405 mm)

23 UK SWG

26,000 ft (7.9 km)

Distance

Max 1500m

Max. 1500m

25 UK SWG

22,000 ft, (6.7 km)

27 US SW

18,000 ft (5.5 km)

Distance

826270 Transmission Range

NT p-p

NT s-b

NT e-b

Code

Rate

Max. 1500m. 35 m between devices

Alternate Mark Inversion (AMI)

192 Kbps +/- 100ppm

Timing

External and internal (software configurable)

Remote NTU not applicable for the 8263 and 8264.

Remote NTU Configuration Options

(for 256x Zhone Technologies and

Adtran NTUs

DTE Interface Type

Procedural Characteristics

Data Protocol

Channel collision arbitration

Sealing Current

V.36 or V.24

Transparent up to 64kbps or 128 kbps

(Model 8262 only) As per I.430 (D channel bit echo)

(Model 8261 only)

Amperage

Control

Multidrop Capability

Phantom Power

Wattage

Jumper set-able 7.5mA or 15mA (requires -48VDC power

Soft set-able options for start time, duration, repeat time

(Model 8262 only) Max 2

(Model 8262 manual settings)

Limited to 90 mA per port.

Software Configurable Options

Models 826070 and 826171

Model 826270

U termination Network (nt) or User (lt)

S/T termination TE, NT point-to-Point, NT short-bus, NT extended

bus

Termination Mode for 826070 and

826171

Lease, Proprietary, Interworking, NTU-1

Termination Mode for 826270

Lease, Proprietary Interworking

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Table 18—BRI Card Specifications (continued)

B-Channel Mode

None, B1, B2, B1+B2, or 128 kbps

D-subchannel

None, 1, 2, 3 or 4 (used for BRITE mode)

Sealing Current

Off or On per port (Models 826361 and 826171 only)

Design Standards for Models 826070 and 826171

ANSI T1.601

ISDN Basic Access Interface for Use on Metallic Loops for

Application on the Network Side of the NT (layer 1

Specification) 8261, 8263

ANSI T1.602

ISDN Signaling Specification for Application at the User-

Network Interface – Layer 2 Specification

ITU-T I.430

TR-NWT-000397

GR-000303

ISDN, Basic User-network Interface - Layer 1 specification

ISDN Basic Access Transport System Requirements

Integrated Digital Loop Carrier System Generic Requirements,

Objectives and Interface

Design Standards for Model 826270

ANSI T1.605

ISDN Basic Access Interface for S and T Reference Layer 1

Specification

ITU-T I.430

TR-NWT-000397

GR-000303

ISDN, Basic User-network Interface, Layer 1 specification

ISDN Basic Access Transport System Requirements

Integrated Digital Loop Carrier System Generic Requirements,

Objectives and Interface

The following is a summary of the general requirements of the LULT and LUNT as described in the TR-NWT-

000397.

Function

DSL master transceiver (2-wire U interface)

DSL slave transceiver (2-wire U interface)

Sealing current source

LULT

Yes

LUNT

Yes

Notes

ANSI T1.601.1992 & TR-393

Yes

Sealing current termination

DC Test Signature

Metallic Test Access

Yes

ANSI T1.601-1992

TR-476

Loop backs

6. DSO-DP

The 825460 DSO Data Port/G.703 Data Unit (DSO-DP/G.703) is a plug-in user card for the system. The DSO-

DP/G.703 provides a 64 Kbps interface to a DSO of a T1/E1 network. The card supports four (4) ports which

provide a 64 Kbps interface to a DSO on a T1 or E1 WAN link. Each DSO-DP/G.703 card can be installed in any

User Slot and provides four (4) DB15 female connectors.

The DSO-DP/G.703 card can be programmed to operate in either DSO-DP mode or in G.703 mode. In G.703 mode,

the card supports either co-directional or contra-directional operation and this option can be set on a port-by-port

basis. In DS0-DP mode, in addition to Transmit Data and Receive Data, the card can be programmed to either

provide a 64 Kbps bit clock and an 8 kHz byte clock to the attached device or to receive those two clocks from the

attached device.

In G.703 Co-Directional mode, the Transmit Data and Receive Data leads are supported. The clock information and

the data make up a composite signal and the clock must be derived from the data stream. In G.703 Contra-

Directional mode, the port provides separate Transmit and Receive Clocks to the attached device. Both clocks are

64 Kbps clocks with embedded 8 kHz Bipolar Violations (BPVs) to mark the byte boundaries.

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Software-initiated diagnostics supported on the DS0-DP/G.703 card include the setting of local loop backs towards

either the network or the attached DTE equipment. In addition, a remote loop back function allows the DS0-

DP/G.703 card to generate four DDS-compatible latching loop back codes for the far-end OCU, CSU, DSU or DS0-

DP equipment respectively. A time-out option authorizes the DS0-DP/G.703 port to automatically release the loop

back after ten minutes.

7. BnR IP Concentrator Card

The 822860 BnR IP Concentrator card provides a means of concentrating network management data from up to 8

remote IMACS onto a single asynchronous SLIP link for connection to a NMS. Essentially the 822860 takes IP

management data from the 8 B7R-formatted DSOs and concentrates it onto a single, asynchronous SLIP line which

can then be connected to an asynchronous terminal server for connection to a LAN-based NMS.

Management information from remote IMACS systems can be directed to the IMACS containing the 822860 over

the Facilities Data Link (FDL) or an ESF T1 link as shown in Figure 19. FDL is a 4 Kbps channel normally used to

manage the T1 link. When the FDL is used to carry IMACS management data it is no longer able to carry T1

management data as well.

IMACS

4Kbps

FDL

IMACS

NMS

DACS

IMACS

Terminal Server

IMACS

38.4Kbps

IMACS

Up to 8 DS0s

IMACS

Figure 19 - IMACS Using the 822860 For Network Management

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The remote IMACS systems must be configured with the TCP/IP CPU software option. Remote IMACS units send

management information in IP packets over the FDL to an intervening AT&T DACS II. The DACS II can be

configured to convert the IP management information from the FDL channel into a full DS0 using a link level

protocol called Bit-4 Redundant (B4R). Even though the management information is only 4 Kbps it will occupy the

full 64 Kbps DS0. The resulting 8 DS0s are then routed over T1 link(s) to the IMACS that contains the 822860.

Physically the 822860 is the same card as the 822060 SRU card. Both have ten RJ-48 interface ports, but on the

822860 the first eight are physically disabled and, effectively, replaced by eight “internal” ports used for the DS0s.

The ninth RJ-48 port is available for maintenance and the tenth RJ-48 port is used for the aggregate SLIP line to the

terminal server. Table 19 details the BnR IP concentrator card specifications.

Table 19—B7R IP Concentrator Card Specifications

822860 External Ports

Number

Port 9

Port 10

Physical Interface

Electrical Interface

Procedural Interface

IP Address

Available for maintenance and diagnostics (9.6kbps)

Asynchronous SLIP port for aggregated NMS data (9.6, 19.2, 28.2 and 38.4 kbps

Female 8-pin RJ-48

RS232, ITU-T V.28

DCE—Full Duplex

Software configurable on port 10

Subnet Mask

Options (port 10)

Data Bits

Software configurable on port 10

Software configurable per port; 5, 6, 7 or 8

Stop Bits

Software configurable per port; 1 or 2

Parity

Software configurable per port; none, odd, even, space or mark

Internal Ports

Number

Protocol

Data Rate

DS0 using Bit-7 Redundant (B7R or B4R) protocol

Preset to 4 kbps

IP Address

Subnet Mask

Standards Compatibility

Of the corresponding remote IMACS

Software configurable (same for all 8 internal ports)

EIA RS232

ITU-T V.28

Interface between DTE and DCE employing serial binary data interchange

Electrical characteristics for unbalanced double-current interchange circuits

7. PortMaster Integrated Office Router (PM-IOR)

Introduction:

The Zhone Technologies Integrated Office Router (IOR) integrates Internet/LAN connectivity within the IMACS

and StreamLine product solutions. From a single customer premises device, the IOR card, in conjunction with other

voice and data cards, will allow service providers to bundle voice, data, ISDN, and Internet services.

The IOR is a collaborative effort on the part of Lucent Technologies and Zhone Technologies. The hardware design

is built from the Lucent model OR-HS, (Office Router, High-speed), and the Zhone Technologies model 821460

dual port V.35. The model number of the IOR is 828060. The IOR is a single blade device in the form factor of the

Zhone Technologies modules provides a fully featured IP (IPX) router card that operates in both Zhone

Technologies IMACS and StreamLine chassis. The versions for the host software supporting the IOR are the

StreamLine 1.1 and IMACS 3.8/5.1.

The IOR is fully standards compliant. The card provides secure Internet access, firewall packet filtering, LAN-to-

LAN connectivity, and management of the communications network.

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IMACS Product Book, Version 4

PSTN

Channelized

Voice

IMACS

Frame

Relay

Ethernet

Repeater/Switch

Figure 20 - Bundled Voice and Internet Services

Technical Specifications:

Product Compatibility

Routing Protocols

IMACS 600, 800 or 900 Chassis Releases 3.8 or 5.1

Routing Information Protocol (RIP), OSPF, Lucent Technologies ComOS,

UDP, ICMP

LAN Protocols

WAN Protocols

Data Rates

TCP/IP, IPX

Point to Point (PPP), Frame Relay (up to 14 PVCs supported, Inverse ARP

From 56 Kbps to 1.544 (T1) or 2.048 Mbps (E1)

1 Ethernet 10BaseT LAN, 1 – Asynchronous serial (115.2 Kbps), 1 NxDS0

Frame Relay or PPP WAN, 1 RJ-45 Console Port

Frame Relay or WAN Servers, PPP, Connection to WAN or ATM server

Hardware Interfaces

Server Connectivity

Configuration and Management SNMP, Telnet, Out-of-band console remote management, Flash Upgrade

capability

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V. Alarm Cards

The Model 840xxx Alarm Cards provide the capability to input external alarm signals to the IMACS and to output

alarm signals from the IMACS to an external device. Depending on the model, from 3 to 28 alarms may be input

and from 4 to 14 alarms can be output.

The alarm input sensors are current loop detectors, with an operating range of 4 to 20 mA detection. Input sensors

can be selected as active (they both supply and detect current and, therefore, can not be isolated and provide surge

protection only) or passive (current sense only, completely isolated passive current detectors). When selected as

passive sensors, the current source is provided externally and the sensors are Opto-isolated from the source of the

alarm. If the sensors are configured as active, they can provide current source for the loop as well as current

detectors, not isolated from the external loop. Depending on the model, power for active sensors can originate from

network battery (usually +48 VDC) or system voltage (+12 VDC).

Input alarm conditions are reported on the Active Alarm screens, and may be logged and/or reported in the same

manner as other IMACS alarms. Alarm reporting can be in the form of an ASCII string or an SNMP trap,

depending on the network configuration and host software options installed.

Alarm signals are output via dual-pole, double throw relay switches. Depending on the model, these relays may be

of Form A (normally open), Form B (normally closed), Form C (switched) or a combination of Form A, B and C

contacts. All alarm outputs are relay-isolated. Power for these circuits must be provided externally.

The alarm contacts are connected to the external alarm equipment through on or more (depending on model) 50-pin

Amphenol connectors located on the front panel of the Alarm Card.

The Alarm card model 840160 provides 4 input sensors and 4 output Form C closures. It can use either +48VDC or

+12VDC to power the input sensors. If +12VDC is used, care must be exercised not to ground the circuit. The

840160 card model also has a -12VDC strapping option that allows it to be used in either European (CE Mark)

systems or in US systems.

The Alarm card model 840260 provides 3 input sensors and 3 output Form C closures, one of which can only be

used to signal power failure of the unit. It can use either +48VDC or +12VDC to power the input sensors. If

+12VDC is used, care must be exercised not to ground the circuit. The 840260 card model also has a -12VDC

strapping option that allows it to be used in either European (CE Mark) systems or in US systems.

The Alarm card model 840360 provides 28 input sensors and 14 output closures (4 Form A, 2 Form B and 8 Form

C). It can use either +48VDC or +12VDC to power the input sensors. If +12VDC is used, care must be exercised

not to ground the circuit. The sensors are grouped into two groups of 14 each for the purpose of selecting current

source, either from the network battery or the system. Within each group, an alarm sensor can be independently

configured for active or passive operation. The 8403 also has a -12VDC strapping option that allows it to be used in

either European (CE Mark) systems or in U.S. systems. Additionally, it also includes a buzzer to provide an audible

alarm. The buzzer can be sounded locally. This capability allows a remote site to transmit an audible alarm. The

840360 also provides a single FXS phone interface that provides a “Voice Order Wire” capability from a remote site

and the voice channel can be transported being via a time slot to a central site. This connection is Loop Start only,

with the “ring” signal being indicated through the buzzer, and is presented via an RJ-11 jack located on the front

panel of the Alarm card. The buzzer and the phone must both be configured to use the same time slot, but only one

of the functions can operate at any time.

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IMACS Product Book, Version 4

Table 20—Alarm Card Specifications

Model 840160, 840260, 840360

Physical Interface

Female 50-pin RJ-27x Telco connector

Electrical Interface

4 to 20 mA Active Current Loop

Alarm Input Modes

Alarm Input Trigger

Alarm Input Power Requirements

Active/passive (jumper selectable per port)

External circuit opening/closing (software selectable per port)

Network batter (+48V DC) or system voltage (+12V DC). Needed

only in Active Mode

Alarm Input Power Source through

jumper selection

Selection applies to all ports in 840160 and 840260. Selection

applies to a group of 14 sensors in 840360.

Active/standby (software selectable per port)

Major alarm/minor alarm/any alarm (software selectable per port)

Supplied by external device

Alarm Output Modes

Alarm Output Trigger

Alarm Output Power Source

Alarm Output Action

I/O Ports

Open/close

840160

840260

840360

User-defined Input

User-defined Output

Automatic on power fail

Model 8403 Buzzer

Type

4 Form C

4 Form A, 2 Form B, 8 Form C

1 Form C only

Piezo buzzer

Tones

Modes

3kHz internally generated or user supplied via the network

Local or remote (software selectable)

Model 840360 Telephone Port

Physical Interface

Type

RJ11F

FXS Loop Start

Loop Resistance

2400 Ohm

Loop Current

18 mA to 32 mA

600 Ohm

-10.0 dB to + 5.0 dB in steps of 0.1 dB

-10.0 dB to +2.0 dB in steps of 0.1 dB

µ-Law only

Termination Impedance

Nominal Transmit TLP

Nominal Receive TLP

PCM Coding

Standards Compatibility

UL 1950

CEN 60 950/A2

UL standard for safety of information technology equipment

Safety of information technology equipment including electrical

business equipment

CEN 50082-1

Electromagnetic compatibility generic immunity standard part 1

for commercial, residential and light industry.

VI. Server Cards

1. ADPCM Voice Compression Server

The 887160 ADPCM (Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation) server card is designed to compress digital and

analog voice traffic for transmission over wide area network links. The level of compression for an individual

channel is software configurable at 24Kbps, 32Kbps or 40Kbps. This card requires a matching card at the other end

to decompress the voice channels to normal 64 Kbps operation. A single ADPCM card is capable of compressing

64 channels of voice simultaneously. Since the ADPCM card is a server card, these 64 channels can be originated

from a variety of interfaces, including FXS, FXO, E&M, SRU, BRI, and T1/E1. In a 3.x platform, up to two

ADPCM server cards can be supported per IMACS system for a total of 128 compressed voice channels. In a 5.x

platform, 3 ADPCM cards could be used to carry a total of 192 voice channels.

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The sum of the compression rates for the engine pair must equal 64Kbps. A 32Kbps circuit can only be paired with

a 32Kbps circuit. A 40Kbps circuit can only be paired with a 24Kbps circuit and vice-versa. The ADPCM server

card can also pair a low speed asynchronous data transmission (19.2Kbps or less) from an SRU port with a 40kbps

engine. This data path will occupy a 24Kbps engine. Group II FAX is supported in 32Kbps channels and Group III

FAX is supported in 40Kbps channels.

Modem support up to 4.8Kbps, and V.32bis to 9.6Kbps is supported in 32Kbps channels. Modem speeds up to

12Kbps, and V.32bis speeds up to 14.4Kbps is supported in 40Kbps channels. Modem data is not supported in

24Kbps channels.

The ADPCM card supports Transition Signaling as defined by ANSI T1.302-1989 with the exception of the Alarm

bits. ANSI T1.302 specifies signaling at the 32Kbps compression rate. The ADPCM card uses this scheme for

24Kbps and 40Kbps although it is not included in the standard.

The ADPCM card can be used in a variety of applications to reduce the number of transmission lines for efficient

transport of voice traffic. It can be used in:

•

PBX-to-PBX trunk application

Automatic Call Distribution application

Efficient wireless base station/hub application

PBX-to-PBX Trunk Application

Figure 21a shows the IMACS with an ADPCM server is used to compress two T1 or E1 PBX-to-PBX trunks into a

single trunk. The voice from each PBX is connected via a digital T1 or E1 connection to the IMACS. The voice

channels are routed to the ADPCM server, where each voice channel is compressed to 32 Kbps. The compressed

voice is routed to the outbound T1/E1 link to the other IMACS unit, where it is decompressed and placed back into

two T1 or E1 trunks to the remote PBX. PBX-to-PBX trunk lines can be compressed 2:1 to reduce leased line

charges. The application is also valid for analog PBXs and key systems.

T1/E1

T1/E1 carrier

Network

IMACS

PBX

Figure 21a - IMACS Using ADPCM for PBX to PBX Application

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Automatic Call Distribution Application

The ADPCM server can be used to reduce leased line charges in automatic call distribution or remote call center

applications by increasing the number of voice circuits supported on a single T1 or E1.

The application shown in Figure 21b illustrates an ISDN-based automatic call distribution system. The IMACS is

used to provision BRI remotely via BRITE (BRI Terminal Extension). With the IMACS, ten BRI circuits can be

extended to remote locations over a single T1 line, and 13 over a single E1 line. The IMACS is able to do this by

placing the 2B+D signal into 2.25 time slots (1 for each B, and .25 (16Kbps) for the D channel).

The ADPCM server is used to increase the number of BRI circuits supported per T1 or E1 by compressing the B

channels in voice only applications. This means that a 2B+D channel can be transported in 1.25 time slots (.5 for

each B, and .25 for the D channel). Hence, 19 BRI circuits (38 voice channels) are transported over a single T1 and

24 BRI circuits are transported (48 voice channels) over a single E1.

ISDN or Automatic

Call Distribution Switch

BRI-U

IMACS

Voice is compressed

2:1 for efficient

Voice Provisioning

T1/E1

Backbone

network

IMACS

BRI-U

BRI-ST

. . . . . .

NT1

BRI-ST

ISDN Terminals

Agent Positions

ISDN Terminals

Agent Positions

Figure 21b - IMACS In An ISDN-based ACD System

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Wireless Base Station Application

In the application shown in Figure 22, the IMACS is used as a channel bank at each of the remote Base Stations. In

each of the stations, the IMACS is connected via T1/E1 or Analog voice ports to the radio transmission equipment.

The voice circuits that are destined for the switching center are sent to the ADPCM voice compression server at each

base station. This compressed voice traffic is then groomed with other Base Station data traffic and transmitted over

Fractional T1/E1 lines. An IMACS is used at a central location to groom the Fractional T1/E1 lines into two T1s or

E1s. These two lines are connected to the Switching Center where an IMACS with two ADPCM servers is used to

decompress the voice circuits and send them to the switch via four T1s or E1s.

ADPCM Engines at Base Station/Hub/MSO

Main Switching Office

Base Station/Hub

(MSO)

Base Stations

6 Fractional T1/E1s

Data

IMACS

V.35

E&M/FXS

V.24

Alarms

E1/T1

T1/E1

IMACS

Maint.

Phone

V.35

E&M/FXS

V.24

Alarms

Radio

Equip.

E1/T1

MSO

Aux.

Equip

Switch

Maint.

Phone

Radio

Equip.

Cellular

Packet Data

Aux.

Equip

Cellular

Packet Data

Figure 22 - IMACS In A Wireless Base Station Application

Base Station to MSO voice traffic can be compressed to efficiently backhaul traffic, which reduces line charges. An

alternative to this application would be to transport the voice from the Base Station to the Hub uncompressed over

the Fractional T1s and E1s and then perform the voice compression function in the IMACS at the hub. Table 21

describes the ADPCM Server card specifications.

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Table 21—ADPCM Server Card Specifications

Input Voice Channels

Can originate from any 2-wire or 4-wire voice card or from a DSO on a WAN

(El/T1 or HDSL) interface. µ-Law & A-Law 64Kbps PCM compatible on a per

channel basis

Input Sub-rate Data

Input BRI traffic

Modem Data Support

SRU data traffic at 19.2Kbps or less can be carried on a 24Kbps sub-channel

B channel voice traffic can be compressed at any of the configurable rates

Transcoder rate: 24, 32 or 40 Kbps; Modem Data: none, up to 4.8Kbps, V.32

to 9.6Kbps, up to 12Kbps and V.32 bis to 14.4Kbps

Fax Support

Transcoder rate for fax: 24, 32 or 40 Kbps; none, Group II and Group III fax

Voice Quality

As measured by Mean Opinion Score (MOS) analysis, a subjective

evaluation with a range of 0 (poor quality) to 5 (good quality). Toll

quality voice is accorded a MOS of 4.0 24Kbps transcoder rate MOS is

3.6-3.8; 32Kbps transcoder rate MOS is 4.0-4.3 and 40Kbps transcoder

rate MOS is 4.0-4.3

Echo Cancellation

Signaling

Non provided—typically not required

Transmitted in-band utilizing CAS transitional signaling, as per ANSI

T1.302—1986 for 32Kbps and modified for use with 24Kbps and

40Kbps. Note Robbed Bit Signaling Alarm Transmission, as specified

in ANSI T1.302a-1989 is not supported

Maximum Card Count

Transcoder Operation

Standards Compliance

3 (with 3.x CPU-2 active with 1 redundant or 3 active, 5.x CPU 3active)

Compliant to G.761 Alarm Indication and Fault Handling

ANSI T1.3021989, ANSI T1.302a 1992, ANSI T1.3031989, CE EN

500- 81-1, CE EN 500-82-1, CE EN 60950/A2, ITU-T G.721, ITU-T

G.723, ITU-T G.726 12/90

2. ISDN Primary Rate Interface (PRI) Server

The PRI Server Card provides flexible access and routing of PRI-based ISDN services. The ISDN PRI Server can

be used for enabling applications such as Video Conferencing, Video Broadcast, ISDN Grooming, and Fractional

PRI provisioning. The PRI Server card supports B channel bandwidth of 56K, 64K, 384K, 1536K and Multi-Rate

speeds where available. Multi-Rate speeds allow the PRI server card to select calls in increments of 64Kbps. In

areas where Multi-Rate is not supported by the local ISDN switch, an Inverse Mux (IMUX) Server Card should be

used to aggregate individual 64Kbps calls.

The PRI card can be utilized with the 8213 Switched HSU Card for RS-366 and V.25bis bandwidth on demand

dialing. Additionally, regular HSU cards can be used for DTR dialing. The PRI server card supports both the

Network and User side protocols associated with ISDN PRI services and therefore the IMACS can be used to both

originate and terminate ISDN calls.

The following components make up the BRI/PRI solution:

•

One 881160 Multi-Server Card

One 65100 BRI/PRI Service Translation Software Package

Optional WAN Interfaces with associated Line Interface Modules

Optional ISDN ‘U’ and “S/T” Interfaces

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Three ISDN PRI Server Cards are supported:

•

8840A ISDN PRI Server Card with 1 D Channel

8840B ISDN PRI Server Card with 2 D Channels

8840C ISDN PRI Server Card with 8 D Channels

The cards provide flexible access to PRI-based ISDN services such as Switched 384, Switched T1, and Switched

56/64. The PRI Server Card (PRI card) provides both local D channel origination and termination and D channel

consolidation. The PRI Server card is available in three different software versions based on the number of D

channels (1, 2, or 8) to be supported. It offers a perfect alternative to standalone ISDN access devices when other

“non-ISDN” voice and data services must be consolidated in addition to ISDN services.

The 8840B and 8840C ISDN cards can be simultaneously connected to several network and user side ISDN PRI

facilities. The ISDN PRI card provides D channel support of both the network side protocol and the user side

protocol. Typically, the IMACS with an ISDN PRI card, supplies the network side protocol on a D channel

connected to a PBX, and provides the user side protocol on the D channel connected to a carrier switch.

The 8840C ISDN PRI server card, which supports eight (8) D-channels can be configured to route calls from a PBX,

multiple PBXs, and DTE devices to multiple ISDN service providers. The 8840x ISDN PRI Server does not support

BRI-to-PRI translation. This application is supported by the 65100 ISDN BRI-PRI translation software running on

an 8811xx ACS card.

NFAS (Non-Facility Associated Signaling)

All ISDN PRI cards can be configured to support NFAS (Non-Facility Associated Signaling). The IMACS limit for

NFAS is 191B+D in T1 environments (8 times 24 minus 1 D channel) and 239 B+D in E1 environments (8 times 30

time slots minus 1 D channel).

A basic ISDN PRI facility is a T1 link that consists of 23 B channels and 1 D channel (23B+D), or an E1 link that

consists of 30 B channels and 1 D channel (30B+D). Note that one time slot on any E1 link is reserved for framing

and maintenance use, and is neither a B channel nor a D channel. The D channel provides signaling for all of the

(23 or 30) B channels on the facility carrying that D channel.

However, many ISDN applications have relatively low call rates (i.e., the D channel is not very busy), but need

more than 23 (or 30) B channels to carry user (bearer) traffic. In these cases, a D channel can be set up to perform

signaling not only for the B channels on its own facility, but also for B channels on other facilities (i.e., other T1/E1

WAN links). When a D channel is so provisioned, it is considered to be performing non-facility associated

signaling (NFAS). The IMACS is limited to 8 WAN links. Thus the IMACS limit for NFAS is 191B+D in T1

environments (8 times 24 minus 1 D channel) and 239B+D in E1 environments (8 times 30 minus 1).

Although IMACS supports NFAS, it can only be implemented within private networks or in public networks where

the service provider supports it. Within EC and EFTA countries NFAS is considered an EC-MOU2 supplementary

service, which is still at the discussion stage and therefore is not supported by any of the European Service

Providers.

Remote Login

In addition to carrying ISDN signaling information, the D channel can also be used to log into a remote system unit

to check card status, and perform necessary system maintenance. This unique application does not require B

channel allocation. The ISDN call is placed on the D channel to the ISDN network and routed to the D channel of

the remote unit. Coordination with the ISDN facility provider is necessary to obtain the number for the remote

system unit.

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Applications

The ISDN PRI Server card can be used in a variety of applications:

•

Fractional ISDN PRI provisioning

Video conferencing

Integrated ISDN access with SINA

Video Broadcast

Router with redundant trunk routing via ISDN

Router adding incremental bandwidth

PRI to FXS

Fractional PRI Provisioning

An IMACS equipped with a 8840C PRI Server card is used to groom multiple fractional PRI circuits into one or

more PRI circuits for backhaul to an ISDN switch. Perhaps a customer may not need the entire bandwidth delivered

by a PRI circuit. The optimal alternative would be to purchase a fractional PRI service delivered over a regular T1

or E1 circuit. When a service provider has multiple fractional PRI customers, the service provider can deploy the

IMACS to groom the multiple fractional PRI circuits into one fully utilized PRI T1/E1 circuit, which is back hauled

to the switch. This concentration of PRI circuits reduced back haul costs for the service provider, and conserves

T1/E1 ports and D-channels on the ISDN switch itself.

Figure 23 shows that three customers are subscribing to ISDN services. Each customer is using a fractional PRI

service. Each customer could be directly connected to the ISDN switch, which would consume three fractional

T1/E1 circuits, and three D channels. Instead, the 3 fractional ISDN circuits are connected to a PRI Server equipped

IMACS. The PRI server grooms the B channels in the three fractional ISDN circuits into one circuit. It also grooms

the three D-channel circuits into a single D channel that is routed to the switch. The IMACS benefits in this

application include saving on back haul costs, switch port costs and switch system resources.

Customer 1

10B+D

ISDN

Switch

23B+D on T1

30B+D on E1

Customer 2

7B+D

IMACS

Customer 3

5B+D

Figure 23—Fractional PRI Provisioning Using IMACS

ISDN Video Conferencing and Video Broadcast

The IMACS is used to connect video-conferencing equipment to an ISDN PRI line. In Figure 24, a video CODEC

is sharing a PRI line with an ISDN PBX. The IMACS is simultaneously routing calls on a call by call basis to either

the PBX, the CODEC, or out to the network. The video-conferencing equipment can be connected via an RS-449

connection with an RS-366 dialer or directly to the IMACS via an ISDN PRI interface. A connection to the

IMACS via the RS-449/RS-366 combination would require the use of a switched HSU card in the IMACS.

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PRI

ISDN

Provider

IMACS

PBX

CODEC

Figure 24—Video Conferencing System and PBX Sharing A PRI Line

By grooming the PBX and CODEC PRI circuits onto a single, outbound PRI facility, the IMACS utilizes Dynamic

Bandwidth Allocation (DBA). The PBX would seize B-channels on a call-by-call basis, utilizing one B-channel for

every call. The Video Codec would request a pre-determined number of B-channels. For example, if a 384K call

was required, the Video CODEC requests a single 384K circuit, which would consume six of the B-channels. If the

ISDN service supports 384K calls, or Multi-Rate services, and the bandwidth is available, the ISDN server card will

connect the Video CODEC to proper time slots. If the bandwidth is not available, the IMACS rejects the call. If

384K-bonded service is not supported by the ISDN service, the IMACS must be equipped with an Inverse

Multiplexer (IMUX) server card. The IMUX server card is capable of bonding or aggregating multiple 64K circuits

into a single larger capacity circuit.

Inbound calls would be handled in a similar manner. All inbound calls would be screened by the IMACS’ PRI

Server card. Calls destined for the PBX would be routed to the PBX, and calls destined for the Video Conference

Unit would be routed there. If the video Codec was in use, the IMACS will inform the ISDN service that the unit

was in a busy condition.

A unique feature of the PRI Server card is its ability to combine multiple ISDN circuits to form a Video Broadcast.

This feature is very useful for distance learning applications where a central site broadcasts video to multiple remote

locations. In this application, an IMACS equipped with a PRI server card takes a video source and makes a two-

way connection with the first remote IMACS video-conference site as shown in Figure 25. Once that connection is

established, the host IMACS calls up to a total of 32 additional remote video-conference sites and distributes the

same outbound video feed to all of those sites. These additional sites are in a view-only mode and do not distribute

video back to the central site. The loss of one or more of the remote sites will not affect the broadcast to the other

sites. This application can be upgraded to allow two-way audio to each of the sites though the use of analog voice

cards.

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T1/E1

IMACS

T1/E1

Backbone

network

Video

IMACS

Video

IMACS

Video

Figure 25—IMACS in Video Broadcast Applications

Integrated ISDN Access with SINA

The IMACS is used to support both ISDN and non-ISDN services over the same T1/E1 circuit. This multiplexing of

leased line and ISDN services is commonly referred to as Static Integrated Network Access (SINA).

As shown in Figure 26, several non-ISDN applications are used including analog voice and data applications, low

speed SNA data, and non-ISDN PBXs. Several ISDN based applications are being used including video-

conferencing, dial routers, and an ISDN PBX. The non-ISDN circuits are groomed onto the T1/E1 circuit for

delivery to the network. ISDN applications are sent to the PRI Server card for concentration and are switched onto

the same T1/E1 circuit in time slots appropriate for switched ISDN calls. Within the network, these circuits are

groomed via a cross-connect to the appropriate services.

Phone

Non-ISDN

Services

PRI

SINA

PBX

IMACS

ISDN

Services

PBX

Video

Router

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Figure 26—IMACS Using SINA for ISDN and Leased Line Traffic

Data Backup and Bandwidth on Demand

The IMACS with a PRI server is used to back up data networks in the event of a circuit outage. In the example

shown in Figure 27, an IMACS is used to connect a router to a leased line circuit. The PBX is using the IMACS

equipped with a PRI server card to connect to the PRI circuit. In normal operation, both the voice traffic and the

data traffic simply pass through the IMACS. In the event that the leased line circuit is dropped the router will sense

the loss of data and attempt to dial bandwidth via its second line. This second port can be configured on the IMACS

to accept dial commands using the V.25bis, or to dial a pre-determined number when the IMACS senses DTR.

When the router senses that a failure has occurred, it will request bandwidth from the IMACS. If the PRI does not

have enough bandwidth to satisfy the router’s request, the IMACS rejects the call. The router will then request

another call with smaller bandwidth requirements and will monitor the original leased line for presence of data.

When the router detects that the leased line is back in operation, it will switch its transmission path back to its

original state, and drop the ISDN connection.

This configuration is utilized to provide bandwidth-on-demand during peak utilization times such as nightly

backups. With this application, the PBX utilizes the PRI bandwidth on a call-by-call basis during the day, and the

router utilizes the leased line. At a pre-determined time-of-day, the router would request all or the majority of the

PRI bandwidth. The router utilizes both the leased circuit and the ISDN circuit for a set period of time. For

example, the PRI line would be used during the day to carry the voice calls, at night the PRI line would be used to

increase the bandwidth available for the nightly computer systems backup. The router routes packets over both the

leased line and the PRI line until the backup was complete. At that time, it would disconnect the PRI call.

T1/E1

PRI

T1/E1

Backbone

network

IMACS

PBX

V.25bis/DTR

Dialing

V.25bis/DTR

Dialing

PRI

Router

ISDN

Network

Figure 27—IMACS Using A PRI Server Card For Data Backup

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PRI to FXS Termination

The IMACS is used to connect calls to an analog modem rack as shown in Figure 28. This application is usually

used to terminate a mix of ISDN originated calls and analog modem originated calls to the same destination. This is

common in remote access applications where there is a need to support both existing analog modem applications and

new digital ISDN connections over the same network facility. End users can migrate as needed from analog

modems to ISDN, sharing the same facility, and maximizing utilization of network bandwidth. The IMACS

receives all calls, examines the called number and routes the analog modem calls to the FXS hunt group. ISDN data

calls are routed directly to the ISDN remote access server. This application only works for inbound calls since the

modems in the rack cannot be used to dial out through the IMACS over ISDN.

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Modem Rack

Mail

Server

FXS

PRI

ISDN

Network

IMACS

LAN

PRI

PSTN

Modem

ISDN Remote

Access Server

Figure 28—PRI to FXS Termination

Routing Capabilities

Call Routing

An IMACS system can be simultaneously connected to several Network and User side ISDN PRI facilities and to a

user’s data terminal equipment such as a video codec or LAN router. DTE is usually connected to the system’s

HSU cards.

Any call originating from a HSU port (with the exception of the Switched HSU card), must be associated with a call

profile. The call profile specifies which D channel is to carry the call. Any device attached to an HSU port that is

able to receive incoming calls is assigned a unique number that allows the system to route the incoming call to it.

Optionally, a shared hunt group phone number can be assigned to the same HSU port.

When an incoming call is received by the system, it first scans all of the primary HSU or FXS phone numbers to

attempt a match. If no match is found, the system then searches the list of hunt group numbers to find a match. If a

match is not found, the system will begin searching the D channel routing tables, for routing of the call to a PRI line.

If no matches are found, the call is rejected.

Local Routing

From an IMACS perspective, devices such as video codecs or PBXs that are directly attached to the system (i.e. do

not pass through a carrier network to connect to the system) are considered “local” devices. All HSU ports are local

devices. Any PRI device, such as a PBX, that is connected to an IMACS D channel configured for “Network” side

is a local device. Local routing is defined as call routing between any two devices. Calls can be locally routed from

a PRI to a PRI (for example, from a local PBX to another local PBX), or from an HSU to a PRI. HSU to HSU call

routing is not supported.

Incoming calls are routed based on the called phone number, not on call profiles. Because the IMACS system does

not provide billing information, users may want to prohibit local routing of D-channels. For example, a carrier may

require that all calls are routed through the CO based switch for billing purposes. To provide for this, local routing

can be disabled.

If local routing is disabled, any call coming into the system on a network side (i.e. local) D channel will be routed

only to a user side D channel based on the called number. Even if the called number matches, such a call will never

be routed to an HSU port or a network side D channel when local routing is disabled. When local routing is

enabled, then any call coming in on a D channel will be routed to the first matching phone number, regardless of

whether or not the match is for a local device.

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Bi-directional Default Routing

Bi-directional Default Routing is provided for automatic routing when a node is configured with two Primary Rate

D channels as shown in Figure 29. In two channel systems, the user does not have to configure any routing

information, as all calls received on one D channel are automatically routed to the second D channel. The user only

needs to enter routing information for those calls destined to a local HSU or FXS ports.

HSU/FXS

ISDN

Switch

D ch 1

D ch 2

IMACS

PBX

Default

Figure 29—Bi-Directional Default Routing

Alternate Routing

Alternate routing is provided for calls to take an alternate path in the event of a congested or failed primary trunk.

When there are more than two Primary Rate D channels, phone numbers can be assigned to more than one D

channel. Calls placed or routed through the PRI server will now have an alternate route if no bandwidth is available

on the first specified path. Alternate routing will also take place in the event of a failure of the first Primary Rate

circuit. In the example shown in Figure 30, the call from D1 is usually routed to D2, as the D channel numbering is

more specific. However, if the D2 trunk become congested or go out of service, the call will be routed to D3.

ISDN

Switch

415-6xxx

Dial 415 - 6xxx

IMACS

ISDN

Switch

PBX

415-xxxx

Figure 30—Alternate Routing

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DPNSS Trunk Routing

Digital Private Network Signaling System #1 (DPNSS) is the predominant Common Channel Signaling scheme

used in the United Kingdom for private inter PABX communications. DPNSS Trunk Routing provides low delay

for multi DPNSS channel provisioning off a single E1 DPNSS aggregate. This is achieved by mapping the B

channels to dedicated time slots rather than to hunt groups, which in turn provides efficient D channel grooming and

subsequent billing.

3. Management Channel Concentrator (MCC) Server

The Management Communications Concentrator (MCC) provides management connectivity to remote IMACS

systems. It can concentrate the TCP/IP management traffic from up to 131 remote IMACS networks onto either a

single, local 10 BASE-T Ethernet port, or encapsulate the information as per RFC1490 on to a Frame Relay link.

There can be up to 3 MCC server cards in an IMACS chassis in non-redundant operation. The following hardware

and firmware must be included in an IMACS to add MCC Server operation:

•

880360- CPU Control Card with 8 T1/E1 Cross Connect (redundant-capable)

892260/892360/892460 - 8 T1/E1 Interface card w/ 128K NVRAM.

881360 - Advanced Communication Server (ACS) with 131 logical ports

60511 - Host Firmware version 5.0.x

63110 - MCC Server firmware

The following protocols are supported by the MCC:

•

Ethernet Media Access Control Protocol (MAC)

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) (RFC 1122)

Internet Protocol, version 4. (IP) (RFC 791, RFC950, RFC 1122)

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) RFC 792

User Datagram Protocol (UDP) RFC 768

Routing Information Protocol (RIP) (RFC1812)

Frame Relay (RFC1490)

The MCC provides routing between the bxr formatted ports and Ethernet, allowing IP management data of remote

IMACS’ to be terminated onto a local area network. The MCC can route between any of its interfaces depending on

its configuration. In addition to the B7R protocol used for T1, and B4R used for E1, a full DS0 is also provided on

all ports. B7R and full DS0 cannot be combined unless configured in groups of 64.

The MCC offers far more interfaces and functionality than the BnR, thus replacing it and the terminal server

required to bring the IP traffic to a LAN. The MCC can be configured to use unnumbered or numbered interfaces.

If unnumbered interfaces are used, MCC is accessed through the global Ethernet address regardless of what interface

is used. If numbered interfaces are used, each interface has a local IP address. When unnumbered interfaces are

selected, the IP address entered on the port is the IP address of the remote device. Similarly, when numbered

interfaces are used, the IP address entered for any given numbered port is the IP address of the local port itself.

Unnumbered interfaces help conserving IP addresses as only one address is used per interface. This addressing

method may not be compatible with HP Openview.

The MCC routes IP datagrams between all of its interfaces, based on each datagram’s IP destination address.

Datagrams are directed (or routed) to the interface carrying the sub-net to which the datagram belongs or is being

transported to, according to the content of the routing table. The routing table may be supplied with dynamic routes

from the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) when enabled. If no match is found in the routing table, a default route

can be designated to direct all unresolved datagrams to a specific interface.

Initial configuration of the MCC can made through the local VT100 port. When a working interface is established

to the CPU hosting the MCC, subsequent configurations can be done remotely via SNMP/TELNET. All

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configurable port parameters are permanently stored in NVRAM and downloaded to the card during startup.

Statistics are available on a per port and protocol basis.

IP-based management information from IMACS clients is typically provided to the MCC by a Digital Access and

Cross-connect System (DACS) as Bit Seven Redundant (B7R) or Bit Four Redundant (B4R) DS0 channels on a T1

or E1 link. The MCC routes IP packets among the 131 available WAN interfaces, the local host CPU and Ethernet.

Each interface represents a separate network or subnet as specified by the IP address and Netmask combination.

Three of the 131 are high-speed interfaces that can either be configured as Nx64 kbps (N=1 to 24 for T1 or 1 to 31

for E1). Those interfaces can independently be configured for the Frame Relay protocol or for transparent HDLC.

The 128 lower-speed WAN interfaces can be configured in groups of 64, to either be in BnR mode.

Figure 31 shows FDL channels from the remote IMACS a, b, c, and fed into a DACS II for translation into multiple

B7R encoded DS0 channels. IMACS I, connected to the DACS II, routes IP datagrams to IMACS II through the

alternative high-speed interfaces. IMACS II in turn routes datagrams to the Local Ethernet to the NMS.

Remote IMACS using FDL

DACS

IMACS

1 Nx64 Kbps T1/E1

IMACS

w/MCC

2 Nx64 Kbps T1/E1

Nx 64Kbps T1/E1

B7R formatted DS0's from DACS II

IMACS

w/MCC

NMS

Figure 31—MCC In A Multilevel Concentration Application

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4. ACS-FRS Advanced Communication Server - Frame Relay Server

The 881160 FRS card concentrates multiple N x 56K or N x 64K frame relay data streams onto one or more

Nx56/64K links of the IMACS. In addition to frame relay concentration, the card encapsulates data for Nx56/64K

HDLC or SDLC data streams. RED frames can be discarded rather than forwarded to the FRS end-point screen.

The ACS-FRS uses flag sharing, meaning that the closing flag of one frame will be the opening flag of the following

frame.

The frame relay server software (v1.8) runs on the card, which provides up to 68 logical ports. Up to 128 permanent

virtual circuits (PVCs) can be configured on a single card. The aggregate speeds of all ports associated with each

FRS cannot exceed 8 Mbps.

The FRS has a maximum of 68 ports. When all four “C” ports are used to interface to other cards such as the HSU,

64 ports are left to interface to the external cross-connect.

The FRS card also maintains detailed performance statistics both on a per port and a per PVC level.

Frame Relay Server Specifications

There can be up to three Frame Relay server cards in an IMACS chassis in non-redundant operation. The Frame

Relay Server performance figure of 4000 Frames/Second was obtained using 64 byte frames. The following

hardware and firmware must be included in an IMACS to add Frame Relay Server operation:

•

880360- CPU Control Card with 8 T1/E1 Cross Connect (redundant-capable)

892360/892460 - 8 T1/E1 Interface card w/ 128K NVRAM

881160 - Advanced Communication Server (ACS) with 68 logical Frame Relay ports

60500 - Host Firmware version 5.0.0 or above

62180 - ACS Frame Relay Server firmware

Table 22—Frame Relay Server Specifications

Input/Output Ports

Input Traffic Ports

Output Traffic ports

68 logical ports (maximum)

T1, E1, fT1, fE1, V.35, RS422, EIA530, OCU-DP, FRAD

Output Port types/Input UNI DCE, UNI DTE, NNI, Nx64K/56K FRAD

Maximum Frame Size

Traffic Bandwidth

Performance

Number of PVCs

System Capacity

Management

4K Bytes

8 Mbps, Full Duplex

4,000 Frames per second (maximum)

128

Maximum 3 per IMACS

RFC1315, DTE MIB, Frame Relay Service MIB, SNMP Alarm Traps per RFC 1215

Craft Interface, SNMP or TELNET

Connectivity

LMI Options

Q.933 Annex A, ANSI T1.617 Annex D, LMI (Gang of 4), None

CIR = 0 to 2048 Kbps, Bc = 0 to 2048 Kb, Be = 0 to 2048 Kb

FECN, BECN

Information Rates

Congestion Handling

Circuit Priorities

4 (Version 2.0 or above)

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Frame Relay Access and Concentration Server

This section highlights the capabilities of the IMACS Frame Relay server card as a cost-effective, efficient, and

intelligent high-speed Frame Relay Assembly and Disassembly (FRAD) device and access concentrator in a Frame

Relay network. This enables the service provider to deliver Frame Relay and Internet services with a high degree of

quality in an economical fashion. The following is a list of the Zhone Technologies Frame Relay server card key

benefits:

Highly efficient assembly, disassembly and concentration of Frame Relay traffic allows for significant Frame Relay

switch port savings.

High Frame Relay port density offers significant hardware savings when compared to typical backbone switches

making it suitable for deployment at the customer premises. Bringing the frame relay network features closer to the

end-user and CO reduces backhaul charges due to efficient use of the frame relay backbone switch port.

100% compliance with industry Frame Relay standards enables ready interoperability in multi-vendor networks.

Support for existing UNI (User to Network Interface) and NNI (Network to Network Interface) standards implies

that the frame relay server easily integrates into existing, standards-compliant frame relay infrastructure of the

service provider.

Manageability via SNMP and TELNET eliminates need for separate network management package and

offers comprehensive diagnostics for both physical and logical network.

Complete Support for physical layer diagnostics. In addition, it provides network access for a wide range of

devices ranging from high-speed data interfaces (HSU), DDS interfaces (OCU-DP, DS0-DP), IDSL interfaces

(BRI), and sub-rate data (FRAD).

Comprehensive, standards-based congestion management techniques.

Standards based congestion management ensure interoperability with existing infrastructure and enables the service

provider to offer better, more cost-effective Frame Relay services to its subscribers.

The Frame Relay Server can be deployed in the following application scenarios to provide a very cost-efficient and

high-quality Frame Relay access to the end-users:

•

Frame relay switch port savings

Frame relay and Internet service provisioning

IDSL service provisioning

Grooming and concentration in cellular networks

Central Office FRAD

Frame relay concentration at hub sites

Frame Relay Switch Port Savings

Figure 32 shows an IMACS equipped with one or more Frame Relay server cards that is utilized at the service

provider’s Central Office to efficiently concentrate multiple lower speed Frame Relay circuits into a consolidated

Frame Relay stream into the backbone Frame Relay switch. This results in significant savings in port occupancy on

the Frame Relay switch. It is amplified by the fact that these channelized ports on the backbone switches are much

more expensive than their unchannnelized counterparts.

The presence of 68 highly-integrated channelized Frame Relay ports combined with the statistical multiplexing

advantages of Frame Relay facilitate the savings by reducing the backbone switch port occupancy by over 2.5 times

(67 DS0 circuits instead of 24 DS0 circuits on a single channelized T1 trunk). In a typical case this reduces circuit

cost per DS0 by 20%.

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Without Frame Relay Server:

DACS

Channelized Frame Relay

circuits with smaller CIRs

Frame Relay

Network

With Frame Relay Server:

Channelized Frame Relay

circuits with smaller CIRs

DACS

Concentrated Frame

Relay Stream on T1/E1

Frame Relay

Network

IMACS

Figure 32—IMACS Using Frame Relay Server Cards

Frame Relay and Internet Service Provisioning

The inherent flexibility of the IMACS platform and the versatility of the Frame Relay server are brought into

synergy to provide significant savings to both the service provider and user. An IMACS is used as a CLE

(Customer Located Equipment) to provide a wide-variety of voice and data services to a multi-tenant premise. The

service provider can now add Internet services and native Frame Relay services by simply installing a Frame Relay

server in the existing IMACS as shown in Figure 33. There is no significant addition of new hardware or replacing

of existing platform or complicated provisioning schemes. The Frame Relay Server also provides a PVC backup

feature, which the service provider can offer as a premium, uninterrupted service to a customer in case the primary

link fails.

The cost benefits are realized by the service provider as a result of:

•

The high density of logical Nx56/64K ports on the Frame relay server enables very efficient grooming and

concentration of Nx56/64K Frame Relay connections to the service provider access links.

Savings in capital expenditure due to minimal hardware upgrades and ease of provisioning. In addition, the

remote management capabilities of the IMACS and Frame Relay server improve the quality of service delivered

thereby lowering costs.

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Multi-tenant Premises

Service Provider

Central Office

X.25 PAD

Nx56/64

PSTN

PBX/Key

System

DACS

DS1/E1

IMACS

Backup Link

Mainframe

Frame Relay

Network

Router

Nx56/64 or T1/E1

Figure 33—Frame Relay and Internet Services Using IMACS’ FRAD Server

IDSL Service Provisioning

An IMACS with a Frame Relay server can be used for efficient ISDN DSL (IDSL) provisioning for Internet access

at speeds up to 128K. Each IMACS BRI card provides up to eight IDSL ports over single twisted pair wire. There

can be up to seven such BRI cards in an IMACS800/900. This arrangement cost-effectively replaces external DDS

CSU/DSU equipment and offers higher bandwidth.

Each Frame Relay server supports up to 35 NTUs at 128K over 1 T1 (with 3:1 concentration) or 1 E1 (with 2.5:1

concentration), thereby taking advantage of frame relay’s statistical multiplexing capabilities. Up to 64 DS0s are

channelized through the Frame Relay Server ports and are concentrated onto a single port connected to the network.

Three concentrator ports bring in additional NXDS0s channels to be concentrated onto the single outgoing port as

shown in Figure 34.

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2B1Q

NTU

BRI Cards provide 2B1Q IDSL termination

FRS provides IDSL concentration

Router

64/128Kbps

Frame Relay

Network

Ethernet

T1/E1

2B1Q

IMACS

NTU

64/128Kbps

Frame Relay

Router

Ethernet

64/128Kbps

Frame Relay

•

Support data rates up to 128 kbps over single twisted

pair over 5Km

2B1Q

NTU

Router

DDS CSU / DSU replacement with BRI-NTU scenarios.

Ethernet

Figure 34—IDSL Service Provisioning

Grooming and Concentration in Cellular Networks

Figure 35 shows how a remote cell site uses an IMACS, trademarked “CellDAX” for all cellular environments, to

transport cellular voice and data traffic to the Mobile Switch Center (MSC). At the MSC, a DCS directs the CDPD

traffic (typically, a single DS0) from each of the 96 cell sites to the IMACS at same MCS. Because CDPD uses

HDLC framing the traffic from the 96 DS0s can be encapsulated by the two Frame Relay server cards located in the

IMACS. Each Frame Relay server can take in 64 DS0s directly into ports. Typically the CDPD traffic is bursty and

often less than one full DS0 and so can be groomed and concentrated by the Frame Relay server down to 48 or 24

DS0s depending upon the level of concentration needed. This results in a net savings of two or three T1/E1 spans

across the regional MSCs respectively. The MD-IS (Mobile Data Intermediate System) then processes the traffic

and routes it to the appropriate destinations.

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Mobile Switch Office

56/64Kbps

CellDAX

4 Channelized

DS1s = 96 DS0s

DS1

IMACS

Mobile

Base Station

2 Frame Relay DS1s

Cell

Site

# 96

IMACS

Frame Switch

MDIS

Figure 35—Cellular Network Frame Relay Application

Frame Relay Concentration at Hub Sites

In the application shown in Figure 36, a corporation, which serves a wide geographical area through multiple branch

offices, is able to utilize the Frame Relay server’s ability to consolidate and multiplex multiple NX56/64K circuits

into a single high-speed facility. This significantly reduces its access charges from its service provider for its

corporate Frame Relay network. Typical examples include banks, health care providers, technology parks, etc.

The branch offices typically subscribe to a Frame Relay service with a Committed Information Rate (CIR) of

56/64K. At the Head Office/Data Center the traffic is typically from a “farm” of front-end processors, routers and

servers. Without an IMACS+FRS at the Head Office/Data Center, multiple circuits would occupy multiple ports in

the service provider’s switch and would be tariffed for lower individual speeds. With an IMACS+FRS, the multiple

lower speed circuits are consolidated and groomed into a single/few high-speed (Nx64K) circuit. Since the marginal

access charge of Frame Relay is lower at higher speeds, due to economies of scale, this could reduce costs.

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BRANCH OFFICES

56/64K

HEAD OFFICE DATA CENTER

Router

T1 Frame

Relay

FEP

56/64K

Frame Relay

Network

FEP

Data Proc

Application

FRAD

IMACS

FRAD

Figure 36—Frame Relay Concentration at Corporate Headquarters

5. ATM SERVER CARD

Although ATM is being touted as an ubiquitous technology for all business communications services, the reality is

that it is playing a significant role so far only in backbone campus network for LAN applications for local transport.

This section highlights the benefits of the various applications of the IMACS 882060 ATM Server card and

demonstrates how it can effectively and efficiently to deploy various services. The ATM Server Card provides the

ability to provision legacy voice, data, and video services over an ATM backbone via a DS3, multi-mode and single-

mode.

The ATM Server card includes support for efficient, standards-based ATM adaptation of a multitude of legacy

traffic types. Examples include analog key systems, routers, video codecs and PBXs. Legacy traffic is directed from

T1, E1, data and voice interfaces to the ATM Server, which then provide ATM adaptation and encapsulation. By

providing direct, integrated connectivity to the ATM network, the IMACS eliminates the need to run parallel

networks for ATM and TDM traffic. The ATM Server Card is based on standards adopted by the ATM Forum and

the ITU. These standards allow the IMACS ATM Server to inter-operate with a wide variety of ATM switches and

to adapt multiple traffic types for aggregation and transmission across an ATM network. Some of the well-known

switches include those from FORE, Lucent, NORTEL, GDC, ADC Kentrox.

Since the ATM Server Card fits in any IMACS server slot, service providers can deploy the IMACS in non-ATM

access networks today, and easily migrate to ATM based access by simply adding an ATM Server Card. The ATM

Server Card, combined with the wide range of interfaces on the IMACS, provides the most flexible platform for

service provisioning in the market today.

The following is a list of the ATM server card key benefits:

•

Standards-based ATM adaptation for voice, video, and data. This feature enables the IMACS to adapt the

traffic from a wide variety of legacy interfaces to ATM. Therefore there is no need to upgrade or replace

existing equipment while migrating to ATM solutions. This results in significant savings in capital expenditure.

Interoperable with deployed ATM switching equipment such as ADC Kentrox, Fore Systems, Lucent, etc. This

is a key selling point of the ATM server. Because of its interoperability with already deployed ATM switching

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equipment, it can be easily added with minimal costs when the MIS manager wants to collapse parallel ATM

and TDM networks into a single ATM network. When an ATM network is installed, typically there is excess

bandwidth and port capacity that behooves such a merger of networks. For instance, when an ATM switch is

deployed each line card will have multiple ATM ports out of which only one or two may be used for data

traffic. The IMACS w/ ATM server can be connected to the unused port(s) thereby consolidating other legacy

traffic on to the ATM network. This results in significant cost savings for the customer since there is only one

as opposed to two networks to be managed.

•

Provides DSO granularity for virtual circuit input. By providing DS0 granularity, the ATM server is able to

direct individual lower speed voice and data circuits to unique destinations through out the ATM network. This

is accomplished without “burning up” multiple physical ports on the ATM switches, which are expensive. The

ATM server’s highly efficient and cost-effective aggregation of lower speed CBR and VBR virtual circuits

makes this possible.

Supports constant and variable bit rate adaptation. By supporting constant and variable bit rate services, the

ATM server tailors the adaptation to best suit application requirements for quality of service (QoS). E.g.,

typically voice and video applications require constant guaranteed bandwidth and stringent delay constraint and

are modeled as CBR traffic. Data, compressed voice and compressed video are amenable to variations in

bandwidth and delay requirements and are modeled as VBR traffic.

Manageability via SNMP and TELNET. SNMP and TELNET manageability eliminates need for a separate

IMACS network management package. The IMACS and its components can be managed from the same

existing network management device that manages the ATM backbone and other devices.

The ATM server is deployed in the following application scenarios to provide a very cost-efficient and high-quality

ATM service to the end-users:

•

Interactive Distance Learning/Tele-Medicine

Legacy Adaptation to ATM

Analog PBXs/Key Systems

Digital PBXs

Nx56K/64K Data terminal equipment

Video Codecs

Transparent LAN Extension

Legacy Adaptation to ATM

The addition of the ATM Server card further extends the capabilities of the IMACS as a truly integrated access

platform by efficiently provisioning a multitude of legacy services for transportation over an ATM network as

shown in Figure 37.

There are still many legacy services (PBXs, key systems, video codecs etc.) which need a parallel TDM network to

operate since they are not “ATM-ready.” Two parallel networks drive up the cost of installation, operation and

maintenance. Since businesses have very significant capital investment in these legacy systems and processes they

cannot justifiably be fork lifted and replaced by equivalent “ATM-ready” equipment. Furthermore, when a new

ATM campus network is deployed, typically there is excess bandwidth and port capacity that is under utilized.

What needs to be added is a cost-effective product for adaptation of all these legacy services to ATM. This would

enable connecting a multitude of “non-ATM ready” equipment to the ATM network.

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ATM

Network

DS3/OC3c/STM1

IMACS

ATM Edge Switch

Router

Figure 37—Migrating Legacy Networks to ATM

Interactive Distance Learning/Tele-Medicine

The IMACS’ integrated multi-service capabilities supports interactive distance learning applications where the

central site and the major educational centers are connected through an ATM network and the remote sites are

accessed via leased T1/E1 lines.

The video stream (TDM traffic) from the central site is adapted to ATM by the ATM server and multi-cast to the

sites on the ATM network as shown in Figure 38. The ATM servers located at the Major University locations

convert the video from ATM to TDM traffic and pass it on to remote sites over leased T1/E1. The IMACS’ ISDN

PRI server is utilized in conjunction to connect the remote sites to the video-conferencing network over T1/E1

leased lines. The entire network is managed from a central network management system.

The same network structure is deployed effectively in a Tele Medicine application in which doctors from central

medical centers can exchange patient information, X-rays etc. with remote hospitals and provide remote diagnosis.

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RS36

V.2

Video Conf

System

Network Management System

IMACS

DS3 ATM

Major University

T1/E1 Leased Line

IMACS

OC3c/STM1

RS36

V.2

Video Conf

System

DS3 ATM

IMACS

Remote Campus

OC3c/STM1

Central Site

PRI

T1/E1 Leased Line

RS36

V.2

Video Conf

MCU

Video Conf

System

IMACS

Major University

Remote Campus

DS3 ATM

IMACS

RS36

Video Conf

V.2

System

Figure 38—Interactive Distance Learning Application

ATM Server Specifications

Up to three ATM server cards can be functional in an IMACS in a non-redundant configuration. The ATM Server

card performance figure of 4000 Frames/Second was obtained using 64 byte frames. Table 23 depicts the ATM

Server card specifications. The following hardware and firmware must be included in an IMACS to add ATM

Server operation:

•

880360- CPU Control Card with 8 T1/E1 Cross Connect (redundant-capable)

892360/892460 - 8 T1/E1 Interface card w/ 128K NVRAM

882060- ATM Server card with 1 DS3 ATM UNI port

60511 - Host Firmware version 5.1.1

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Table 23—ATM Server Card Specifications

ATM I/F

1 DS3 Private UNI 3.1

Framing

Cell Delineation

Clocking

VPI Support

VCI Support

Idle Cell

TX_RX Scrambling

Traffic Types

AALs

Cbit, M23 for DS3

HCS (+ PLCP for DS3)

Line (+PLCP for DS3)

One configurable VPI bit

33 - 1023 (configurable) values

Idle or Unassigned

ON/OFF

CBR, VBR

AAL1, AAL3/4, AAL5

Number of PVCs

Performance

System Capacity

Management

Connectivity

68 VBR, 96 CBR (with multi-user support)

4,000 FPS @ 64bits/frame

Maximum 3 per IMACS (1 active)

DS3 MIB, UNI3.1 ILMI MIB, ATM MIB

SNMP or TELNET; Access via up to seven (7) Management

PVCs

Standards

ATM Forum UNI3.0, ITU-T I.363, ITU-T G.709,

BellCore TR-NWT-000253, ATM Forum Circuit-Emulation

Services over DS1/E1, ATM Forum Service Interoperability

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6. Internet Protocol Router

Internet Protocol Router: 883060 (10Base2) and 883160 (10BaseT)

Introduction:

IPR is an IP router server card that runs on the ACS hardware. It therefore must be inserted in one of the P slots of

the Zhone Technologies IMACS concentrator. IPR uses 68360 communication controller and has 4 MB of DRAM.

To use the IPR card, one must use host version 5.0. The IPR has 4 interfaces: 1 Ethernet 10Base-T or 10Base-2

LAN interface and 3 Frame Relay WAN interfaces (ports). Ethernet interface supports 10Mbits/sec and 3 Frame

Relay interfaces together support 2 * T1/E1 access speed. IPR card has no Munich ports. Frame Relay ports can be

connected through HSU or WAN cards. IPR is an IP router. This means that IPR forwards (routes) packets based on

IP destination address, as opposed to FRS, that forwards packets based on a Frame Relay data link (dlci) address.

IPR routes IP datagrams (packets) between Ethernet and Frame Relay PVCs. Frame Relay PVCs can be associated

with any of the 3 Frame Relay ports. (use of Ethernet is not mandatory, IPR can easily route just between Frame

Relay PVCs). The maximum number of PVCs supported is 128. IPR also has provisions to automatically forward

IP packets to and from the host (CPU) IP node of the IMACS box that IPR resides in. It automatically takes care of

all the IP fragmentation to and from the host (CPU) IP node.

In addition to routing, IPR v2.0 is capable to bridge packets between Ethernet and Frame Relay bridge PVCs, and

between Frame Relay bridge PVCs. IPR will forward packets matching an entry in the MAC addresses table,

configured manually by the user. LAN broadcasts are being forwarded to all bridge PVCs. Because no spanning

tree or learning algorithm is supported and to avoid loops, there should be no more than one physical connection

between the same nodes. The maximum number of MAC addresses supported is 9. The maximum number of

bridge PVCs supported is 9. Bridging function is enabled on host version 5.1.

IPR(s) can also be (optionally) connected to FRS server card (on the same IMACS), giving the customer an option

of concentrating Ethernet traffic in addition to other ports of concentration on the FRS card (this is called an

EtherFrad mode). This connection is possible from IPR port C1 only and is subject to bus allocation conflicts due to

hardware limitation of the ACS card.

Maximum Byte Size:

The maximum number of bytes that an IPR can handle in a single packet is 1528 bytes (this is regardless whether a

packet arrives from Ethernet or Frame Relay interface).

SNMP Support:

IPR has SNMP support for MIB 2, as well as SNMP support for Zhone Technologies Private MIB. IPR has a

testing/debugging “on-the-fly” support, which includes displaying Routing table, displaying and clearing ARP table,

displaying and clearing IP statistics, displaying and clearing PVC statistics in 15 minutes intervals for the last 96

intervals, displaying and clearing frame relay port statistics in 15 minutes intervals for the last 96 intervals,

displaying and clearing LMI statistics, displaying and clearing Ethernet statistics.

Standards Support:

•

IPR uses a standard encapsulation of IP over Frame Relay (RFC 1490).

IPR supports RIP (Routing Information Protocol, RFC 1058) for dynamically discovering IP routes from the

adjacent IP routers on Frame Relay or Ethernet. IPR also supports static routes.

IPR supports a DCE side of the Inverse ARP Protocol (RFC 1293).

IPR can use different LMI encapsulations: ANSI, CCITT or LMI (Gang of Four). Each Frame Relay Port can

be configured as either U-DTE, U-DCE, or NNI type.

•

IPR supports Motorola LAPD packet forwarding protocol.

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Uses of IPR:

•

IPR can be used for connecting IP LANs together through Frame Relay network.

IPR card can be used as a gateway to the Internet through Frame Relay network.

IPR card can be used for connecting IP nodes on Ethernet to the IP nodes on Frame Relay network.

Application:

Frame Relay

PVC between

IPR-1 and IPR-2

Ethernet

LAN 1

Frame Relay

Network

Ethernet

LAN 2

IPR-1

IPR-2

Frame Relay

PVC between

IPR-3 and IPR-2

Frame Relay

PVC between

IPR-1 and IPR-3

IPR-3

Ethernet

LAN 3

Note: Frame Relay PVCs can be associated with the same or with different Frame Relay ports.

Routing Server

The IP Routing Server enables the IMACS to act as a gateway router to the Internet via bundled service deployment

or in private Intranet network deployment. Specifically, the primary market for the IP Routing Server is Internet

access via bundled service arrangements (integrated access). The bundled service marketplace is simply the

provisioning of multiple services over a single T1 or E1 to a customer. Typical bundled service arrangements

include local voice service, long distance service and a data service. Internet access is one of the possible data

services. The potential market for this technology is quite extensive. There are over 6.5 million small businesses in

the US, and about 1.3 million of these have 6 to 20 phone lines. These businesses are prime candidates for bundled

service arrangements.

The IMACS platform is unique in that it possesses many of the qualities listed below in a flexible form factor. The

addition of layer-3 (IP) data services to the product portfolio will further distance Zhone Technologies from the

competition. As equipment and technologies mature, there is a constant requirement to consolidate communications

equipment for many reasons, including:

•

Lower capital costs

Integrated management

Ease of use and installation

Remote connection efficiency

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Bundled Service Deployment

The IP Routing Server is targeted at performing boundary routing functions for access to Internet or Intranet based

services. The standard application for an IMACS in this environment is in bundled service arrangements where the

IMACS is utilized to integrate voice circuits and an Ethernet-based Internet port at the customer location as shown

in Figure 39. The carrier would typically switch the voice circuits to the PSTN via a DACS, while the frame relay-

based data connection from the Ethernet port would be connected to a Frame Relay network for transmission to the

Internet. An external firewall can be used for providing and maintaining security when connected to the Internet.

PSTN

DACS

PBX/Key

System

DACS

T1/E1

IMACS

Frame Relay

Network

Router

IP Network

Figure 39 – IP Routing Server For Internet or Intranet Based Services

Private Intranet Deployment

A secondary market for the IP Routing Server is private Intranet access. In the application shown in Figure 40, the

IMACS on the left is connected to a private WAN. It has a single connection to a centralized router, which provides

full IP routing functionality. The IMACS on the right has two T1 connections, one to each of the two remote

IMACS, and one connection to the router. Normally, there would be two connections to the router. However, in

this application, the IMACS on the right includes a Frame Relay Server card, which switches both frame relay

streams into the router.

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PBX/Key

System

IMACS

T1/E1

PBX/Key

System

T1/E1

IMACS

IP Network

PBX/Key

System

IMACS

IP Network

Figure 40—Private Intranet Deployment Using IP Routing Server Card

IP Routing Server Specifications

Up to three IP Routing server cards can be functional in an IMACS in a non-redundant configuration. The processor

performance figure of 3500 packets/second was obtained using 64 byte packets. Table 24 describes the IP Routing

Server card specifications. The following hardware and firmware must be included in an IMACS to add IP Server

operation:

•

880360 - CPU Control Card with 8 T1/E1 Cross Connect (redundant-capable)

892360/892460 - 8 T1/E1 Interface card w/ 128K NVRAM

883060 - Advanced Communications Server (ACS) with 10Base2 card

883160 - ACS with 10BaseT card

60511 - Host Firmware version 5.1.x

67200 - IP Routing Server firmware

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Table 24—IP Routing Server Card Specifications

Input/Output

4 maximum (1 10-BaseT Ethernet, 3 Frame Relay Wide-Area Network)

LAN Traffic I/O

Frame Relay Traffic I/O

Frame Relay Port types

MTU

10BaseT, 10Base2

T1, E1, fT1, fE1, V.35, RS422, EIA530

UNI DCE, UNI DTE, NNI

1500 bytes

Traffic Bandwidth

Total Buffer Space

Performance

4Mbps Full Duplex

4 Mb DRAM

3500 Packets Per Second

No of PVCs

128

Routing Table

ARP Table

512 entries (up to 128 static entries)

100 entries (LRU)

Card Capacity

Management

Maximum 3 per IMACS

RFC 1315 DTE MIB, Frame Relay Service MIB, SNMP Alarm Traps per

RFC 1215

Connectivity

SNMP or TELNET

LMI Options

Q.933 Annex A, ANSI T1.617 Annex D, LMI (Gang of 4), None

CIR = 0 to 2048 Kb/s, Bc = 0 to 2048 Kb, Be = 0 to 2048 Kb

FECN, BECN

N392, T391, N393 all configurable

N392, T391, N393, N391 all configurable

Point-to-point, hub-and-spoke, fully/ partially meshed subnets, and

unnumbered IP interfaces.

Information Rates

Congestion Handling

DCE Parameters

DTE Parameters

IP subnet Topologies

7. Low-Bit Rate Voice Server

The LBRV (Low Bit Rate Voice) Server card allows for the compression of 64Kbps digital voice channels into

8Kbps (plus overhead) digital sub-channels, and subsequently for the sub-channels to be multiplexed over one, two

or three composite transmission paths over Wide Area Network (WAN) links. The LBRV Server can accept voice

inputs from either analog voice ports (such as FXS, FXO, E&M) or from T1/E1 WAN links through the IMACS.

Each LBRV / ACELP (G.729) voice compression server card supports up to three composite transmission paths at

speeds of 64k, 128k or 192k, by using one, two or three WAN time slots, respectively. The composite transmission

paths use HDLC protocol as the transport mechanism. Users assign voice channels to one, two or three transmission

paths based on the need to route those channels through the network. The composite transmission paths can be

routed directly to WAN cards or to the Frame Relay Server. When routed to a Frame Relay Server (FRS), the FRS

provides a FRAD function for the compressed voice frames. No Frame Relay sub-addressing is supported, so all

voice channels within each composite transmission paths from the ACELP will be treated as a single PVC.

There are two models of the LBRV server cards: 830060 (8 port) and 831060 (16 port) capacities. A single IMACS

chassis we can support up to 3 LBRV cards for compression of a maximum of 48 voice ports.

The LBRV card performs DTMF recognition and re-construction. This means the integrity of DTMF does not

suffer from the compression/decompression processes. The LBRV card does not support MF signaling between

switches. The following is a list of the Zhone Technologies LBRV key benefits:

•

Simple topologies including Point-to-Point, Star and Mesh LBRV performs a compression and transport

function. It does NOT perform voice switching and call routing.

High density of channels and high volume of traffic.

LBRV solution is competitive with high volumes of traffic. There should be many (24+) voice channels in one

location.

•

High reliability in mission-critical installations.

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IMACS with LBRV is suited to carrier networks and service organizations where downtime is unacceptable.

Examples include call centers; help desks, and inter-exchange trunks. IMACS with LBRV offers high reliability

through:

Hardware redundancy

Environmental ruggedness

No moving parts

Path redundancy (with FRS). It can be achieved through Backup PVC feature, which switches to an

alternate path upon either Loss of LMI [loss of FR administration connection or WAN CGA alarm (T1/E1

failure)]

•

Carrier networks requiring specialized Telco interfaces.

IMACS has specialized Telco interfaces found in carrier environments such as :

Coin phone (12/16 kHz or battery reversal)

64 kbps G.703 co- / contra-directional

BRI & PRI ISDN voice

T1 and E1 interface

The IMACS equipped with the LBRV Server card offers cost-effective applications including:

Bulk voice compression for remote call center

Back-hauling voice for new carriers (e.g. centralized voice mail)

Extending voice access network over VSAT

Call Center Application

In the application shown in Figure 41, customer calls originating from the PSTN, are compressed by the LBRV

server for efficient transmission on the leased E1 trunk, using frame relay. Up to three LBRV servers are used per

up to 8 IMACS terminals to compress up to 192 voice channels from the PSTN. Groups of two IMACS terminals

are combined. The first IMACS terminal of each pair uses 3 128 Kb/S channels each carrying 8 compressed voice

sub-channels (9.646 Kb/S per channel), effectively using only 77.16 Kb/S out of 128 Kb/S. The 3 channels are

inserted into the second IMACS terminal over a local T1 link. The second IMACS terminal combines its 3 128Kb/S

channels and the other 3 128 Kb/S channels into a single T1 link feeding into another IMACS terminal equipped

with the Frame Relay server. Ultimately, 4 T1 links bring the compressed voice signal from all 192 PSTN ports to

the frame relay IMACS. Although the total occupied bandwidth on all 4 T1 links is 3073 Kb/S (6 x 4 x 128 Kb/S)

the effective bandwidth used is only about 1852 Kb/S (4 x 2 x 3 x 8 x 9.646). The Frame Relay server takes the

advantage of this and combines only the effective bandwidth over an E1 unstructured transmission link. This still

leaves 128 Kb/S of the total E1 bandwidth (1984 Kb/S) for data traffic from a router attached to the IMACS

terminal via an HSU card. The Frame Relay server IMACS is used at the hub locations to send voice and data

traffic on a single leased E1 trunk.

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IMACS Product Book, Version 4

3LBRV

E1 link carries

192 voice ports + 128Kb/S (for routers)

3LBRV

E1Leased

Line

3LBRV

PABX

1852 k

FRS

128 k

PSTN

HSU

2X64K

HSU

2X64K

Router

Figure 41—LBRV In a Call Center Application

Backhauling Voice Application

The IMACS equipped with an LBRV server, can be used by new wireless carriers, who need to lease Telco facilities

between their geographically separate Mobile Switching Centers (MSC). They can use the LBRV server shown in

Figure 42 to use the leased link very efficiently thereby reducing hauling costs.

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T1/E1

MSC

IMACS

T1/E1

Central VoiceMail

Server

IMACS

MSC

T1/E1

NX64K Leased Line

IMACS

T1/E1

MSC

IMACS

T1/E1

MSC

IMACS

MSC

Figure 42—Backhauling Voice Application

Extending Voice Access Application

The application shown in Figure 43 is similar to the previous one where the LBRV is deployed to utilize the lower-

speed but expensive VSAT link very efficiently.

Nx64k

VSAT Connection

PSTN

Switch

T1/E1

VSAT

IMACS

RLU

Modem

Figure 43—LBRV Voice Access Application

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VII. IMACS System Testing and Diagnostics

IMACS System Parameters

System level parameters that are supported include a user-defined node name called the node ID. It can be up to 14

alphanumeric characters long without spaces and four password-protected access levels that correspond to different

access and capability levels. Additionally, the IMACS allows users to customize alarm management functions to

their requirements.

Password Protection

The four access levels that are available to users are: “super-user,” “manager,” “operator,” and “viewer”. The

highest is “super user” which allows flash download of software, full access to all configuration options, diagnostic

features, and password management. The “operator” access level allows read and write access to all configuration

and diagnostic functions and the “viewer” access level, which is the lowest, allows read-only access to system status

and configuration options.

All four access levels are protected by user-defined passwords. Passwords can be up to 12 alphanumeric characters

and are case-sensitive. The ability to change passwords is hierarchical in that someone logging in at a certain access

level may change the passwords associated with their own level and the passwords associated with lower access

levels. For example, “super user” may change the passwords associated with all four levels. Similarly, “operator”

may change the password associated with both the “operator” and the “viewer” levels only.

Port Status Summary

The IMACS supports the ability to display a summary of the status of each port on every card installed in the

system. This information is displayed in the main menu screen next to the card type field associated with each slot.

The user has the option of turning this information on or off with a single keystroke by pressing the “s” key. All

loop backs that are commanded from the user interface will be represented on the main screen. In addition to the

Out-Of-Service (OOS) and Reject (REJ) messages that are associated with the status of the entire card, the system

will describe the status of each port by displaying one of the following letters:

Letter

Meaning

“a”

“s”

“l”

“t”

“r”

Port is active

Port is in standby mode

Port is in loop back

Port is in test mode

Port is the redundant mate of an active port

(Applies to WAN ports and ADPCM card)

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IMACS Diagnostic Capabilities

Status and Alarm Management

The IMACS supports a comprehensive alarm message generation and reporting capability that provides the system

operator with a complete view of the operation of the system. Alarm messages that are supported include, Out-Of-

Service (OOS) condition (any card, module, power supply or ringing generator that fails or is removed from the

system), No Signal (NOS), Loss of Synchronization (LOS), AIS alarm, CGA-Red alarm, CGA-Yellow alarm,

Excessive Error Rate (EER), Alarm card sensor (SENSOR), D-channel out of service (DCHAN), Switch to

redundant card (SWITCH), User card/port alarm (UCA), System reset (RESET), Alarm Cut-Off (ACO), Clock Sync

alarm (SYNC), Error rate above 10e-3 (EER-3), DS3 PCLP Out of Framing (PLC_OOF), DS3 PCLP Loss of Frame

(PLC_LOF) and DS3 PCLP Yellow alarm (PLC_YEL).

The IMACS supports the setting of filters for each alarm message that is generated by the system. These three

filters define the manner in which the alarm will be reported and take precedence over the designation of the level of

the alarm.

•

Setting the filter of a specific alarm to “report” will cause the system to display the alarm message on the

screen, log it into the alarm history file and report it to a remote device by dialing a pre-programmed telephone

number through the built-in modem or by sending an SNMP trap via IP.

•

Setting the filter to “log” will (a) display the alarm message on the screen and (b) log it into the alarm history

file.

Setting the filter to “ignore” will cause the alarm indication to be ignored by the system.

In addition to the three filters, each alarm may be designated as “info”, “major”, “minor” or “critical”. When used

in conjunction with the Model 840X External Alarm card, the occurrence of any alarm designated as “major” will

trigger a form-C contact on the External Alarm card, which in turn can serve to activate an external device such as a

bell or light. Similarly, the occurrence of any alarm designated as “minor” would trigger a different contact and,

therefore, activate a different external indicator.

The system supports a standard feature known as Alarm Cut-Off (ACO). If the ACO function is enabled, by setting

it to “log” or “report”, then any major alarm that is set to “report” or “log” will automatically cause an ACO

message to be generated. The ACO will not disappear until it is manually cleared by the operator.

This feature is useful in situations where an alarm condition occurs and then clears itself while the system is

unattended. When the operator returns, there will be no indication on the console screen that anything had

happened. However, if the ACO function is enabled, then the ACO message will remain on the screen thereby

notifying the operator that certain events occurred while the node was unattended. The operator can then query the

alarm history file for further information.

Alarms may be set to “report” in which case the IMACS will dial a remote device after a “wait” period. The user

may define the wait period for both Major and Minor alarms. The wait period can be between 1 and 500 seconds for

a Major alarm and between 1 and 32,000 seconds for a Minor alarm.

The user may specify in software the remote device’s telephone number, printout retry interval if the remote device

is busy (1 minute to 60 minutes, in 1 minute intervals) and the maximum number of times (from 1 to 99) that the

system will attempt to contact the remote device before giving up.

The user may customize the appearance of alarm messages by specifying the order that the six message elements

should appear in. Those elements are: (1) slot position (“address”), (2) card type (“model”), (3) alarm type

(“alarm”), and (4) start and stop time and date stamps (“time”), (5) alarm sequence number “number”, (6) alarm

severity (“severity”).

Integral Test Capabilities

The IMACS provides a comprehensive set of built-in diagnostic tools that enable the operator to remotely

troubleshoot and resolve problems. In addition to the system-generated alarm messages described above, the

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IMACS Product Book, Version 4

integral diagnostic capabilities of the IMACS include Bit Error Rate Testers (BERTs) on data cards, tone generators

on analog voice cards, the ability to manipulate the analog leads and the digital signaling bits of voice circuits and

extensive loop back generation and detection capability on many system elements.

The ability to initiate loop backs at various points in a circuit, coupled with the ability to generate and receive test

signals and to collect performance and error information, enables the operator to systematically troubleshoot circuit

problems. It allows the operator to determine if the problem resides in the IMACS system, and whether the problem

can be isolated down to a specific Field Replaceable Unit (FRU) within the system. Since all of these diagnostic

tools can be operated from a VT100 terminal, troubleshooting begins immediately without dispatching an on-site

technician.

The diagnostic capabilities of the IMACS system are described in the following section. They are divided into four

categories: (1) WAN diagnostics, (2) voice diagnostics, (3) data diagnostics and (4) cross-connect diagnostics.

WAN Diagnostics

Software-initiated diagnostics on T1 and E1 WAN aggregates include looping the WAN signal toward the network

(line loop back) or the IMACS system (local loop back) and placing any one of the DS0 channels that make up the

WAN signal in local loop back. See Table 25 for a complete list of diagnostic capabilities.

Table 25-- Diagnostic Capabilities of Single and Dual WAN Cards

On-Card Loop backs

LOOP BACKS

T1/CSU

Yes

T1/DSX

E1/CEPT/HDSL

T1/E1 Line Loop back Toward Network

T1/E1 Local Loop back Toward User

DS0 Channel Loop back Toward Network

DS0 Channel Loop back Toward User

Yes

In-Band Loop back Code Generation

LOOP BACKS

Industry-Standard T1/E1 Loop-Up Code

Industry-Standard T1/E1 Loop-Down Code

T1/CSU

Yes

T1/DSX

E1/CEPT/HDSL

N/A

Yes

In-Band Loop back Code Detection

LOOP BACKS

T1/CSU

E1/CEPT/HDSL

Industry-Standard T1/E1 Loop-Up Code

Industry Standard T1/E1 Loop-Down Code

Yes

N/A

Bit Error Rate Tester (BERT)

Patterns Supported

LOOP BACKS

All 1s

All 0s

1:1

1:7

3:24

T1/CSU

T1/DSX

E1/CEPT/HDSL

Yes

QRSS

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BERT Direction

LOOP BACKS

Toward Network

T1/CSU

Yes

T1/DSX

E1/CEPT/HDSL

Yes

Statistics Gathered By BERT

LOOP BACKS

Bit Errors (BE)

Errored Seconds (ES)

Severely Errored Seconds (SES)

Consecutive Severely Errored Seconds (CSES)

Out of Synchronization Seconds (OSS)

Bit Error Rate (BER)

T1/CSU

Yes

T1/DSX

E1/CEPT/HDSL

Yes

Elapsed Seconds (ELAP)

HDSL Errored Seconds

HDSL Severely Errored Seconds

HDSL Unavailable Seconds

N/A

Yes*

applicable only for the E1-HDSL plug-in module. Also the same statistics are available for the

remote end.

Voice Diagnostics

The software-initiated diagnostics supported on voice cards include the setting of both analog and digital loop backs

toward the network and the generation of Quiet Tone and a Digital MilliWatt signal on a port-by-port basis. The

operator can also monitor and set the state of the analog leads of any FXS, FXO or E&M port. They can set and

monitor the state of the ABCD signaling bits of the digitized voice signal. In cross-connect systems, test

functionality also includes the ability to generate test tones (300Hz, 1 kHz and 3 kHz) and transmit those toward the

user side or the network side of the system. Refer to Table 26 for detailed information on the diagnostic capabilities

of the voice cards.

Table 26—Diagnostic Capabilities of Voice Ports

2-wire

E&M

4-wire

E&M

4-wire

Extended

E&M

2-wire 2-wire

FXS

FXO

LOOP BACKS

On-Card Loop backs

Analog Toward Network

Digital Toward Network

Yes

SIGNALING MANIPULATION

Set Status of Analog Interface Leads

Set Transmit ABCD Signaling Bits

Set Receive ABCD Signaling Bits

Monitor Status of Analog Interface Leads

Monitor Status of Transmit ABCD Signaling Bits

Monitor Status of Receive ABCD Signaling Bits

Yes

Yes*

Yes

Yes*

Yes

Yes*

Yes

Yes*

Yes

Yes*

Yes

TONE GENERATION

Tones Supported

300 Hz

1 kHz

3 kHz

Yes*

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Quiet Tone

Digital MilliWatt

Yes

Tone Direction

Toward User

Toward Network

Yes

•

This feature is only supported in Cross-Connect Systems

Data Diagnostics

Data diagnostics support varies among data cards. Refer to Table 27 for detailed information on data card

diagnostics. Generally, data card diagnostics supported include the setting of various levels of loop backs toward

the network or the attached DTE equipment. Other support includes the ability to generate and respond to industry-

standard loop-up and loop-down codes that are compatible with DDS, V.54 and/or Fractional T1 (FT1) formats.

The DS0-DP data card generates and detects DS0-DP loop back codes.

Table 27—Diagnostic Capabilities of Data Ports

EIA530

HSU

V.35

HSU

EIA530/V.35

HSU

SRU

OCU-DP

2/5/10-port

DS0-DP

4-port

2-port

4-port

LOOP BACKS

On-Card Loop backs

EIA530

HSU

2-port

Yes

V.35

HSU

2-port

Yes

EIA530/V.35

HSU

SRU

OCU-DP

2/5/10-port

DS0-DP

4-port

Yes

Toward DTE

Toward Network

Yes

In-Band Loop back Code Generation

EIA530

HSU

2-port

Yes

V.35

HSU

2-port

Yes

EIA530/V.35

HSU

4-port

Yes

SRU

OCU-DP

2/5/10-port

DS0-DP

4-port

Latching DDS-OCU

Latching DDS-DSU

Latching DDS-CSU

Latching DDS-DS0

ITU (CCITT) V.54

Yes

ANSI Fractional T1 (FT1)

Yes

Control Lead Handling

EIA530

HSU

2-port

Yes

V.35

HSU

2-port

Yes

EIA530/V.35

HSU

4-port

Yes

SRU

OCU-DP

2/5/10-port

DS0-DP

4-port

Set CTS

Set RLSD

Set DSR

Monitor RTS

Monitor DTR

Yes

N/A

Yes

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Bit Error Rate Tester (BERT)

Patterns Supported

EIA530

HSU

2-port

Yes

V.35

HSU

2-port

Yes

EIA530/V.35

HSU

4-port

Yes

SRU

OCU-DP

2/5/10-port

DS0-DP

4-port

All 1s

All 0s

1:1

1:7

511

Yes

2047

QRSS

BERT Direction

EIA530

HSU

2-port

V.35

HSU

2-port

EIA530/V.35

HSU

SRU

OCU-DP

2/5/10-port

DS0-DP

4-port

Yes

Toward User

Toward Network

Yes

Statistics Gathered by BERT

EIA530

HSU

2-port

Yes

V.35

HSU

2-port

Yes

EIA530/V.35

HSU

4-port

Yes

SRU

OCU-DP

2/5/10-port

DS0-DP

4-port

Bit Errors (BE)

Errored Seconds (ES)

Severely Errored Seconds (SES)

Consecutive Severely Errored Seconds (CSES)

Out of Synchronization Seconds (OSS)

Bit Error Rate (BER)

Yes

Elapsed Seconds (ELAP)

Systems Equipped With Cross-Connect Option

In systems equipped with Cross-Connect CPUs, the cross-connect element adds another level of testing within the

node and enhances the system’s diagnostic capabilities. The operator may also monitor and set the state of the

Transmit and Receive ABCD signaling bits of a digitized voice circuit that is cross-connected between two WANs.

Refer to Table 28 for detailed information.

Table 28—Diagnostic Capabilities of Cross-Connect Circuits

Loop Backs

Local Loop backs

Voice

Without

Singaling

Voice

With

Signaling

Single Data Super-rate

DS0

Data

(Nx64Kbp

(64Kbps)

Toward WAN1

Toward WAN2

Yes

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Bit Error Rate Tester (BERT)

Patterns Supported

Voice

Without

Singaling

Voice

With

Signaling

Single Data Super-rate

DS0

Data

(Nx64Kbp

(64Kbps)

All 1s

All 0s

1:1

1:7

M_OOS

Yes

BERT Direction

Voice

Without

Singaling

Voice

With

Singaling

Single Data Super-rate

DS0

Data

(Nx64Kbp

(64Kbps)

Toward WAN 1

Toward WAN 2

Yes

Tones Supported

Voice

Without

Singaling

Voice

With

Singaling

Single Data Super-rate

DS0

Data

(Nx64Kbp

(64Kbps)

300 Hz

1 kHz

3 kHz

Yes

Tone Direction

Voice

Without

Singaling

Voice

With

Singaling

Single Data Super-rate

DS0

Data

(Nx64Kbp

(64Kbps)

Toward WAN 1

Toward WAN 2

Yes

Signaling Manipulation

Toward WAN 1

Voice

Without

Singaling

Voice

With

Singaling

Single Data Super-rate

DS0

Data

(Nx64Kbp

(64Kbps)

300 Hz

1 kHz

3 kHz

Yes

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Toward WAN 2

Voice

Without

Singaling

Voice

With

Singaling

Single Data Super-rate

DS0

Data

(Nx64Kbp

(64Kbps)

Set Transmit ABCD Signaling Bits

Monitor Status of Transmit ABCD

Signaling Bits

N/A

Yes

N/A

Monitor Status of Receive ABCD

Signaling Bits

N/A

Yes

N/A

Benefits of Built-In Diagnostics

The real power of the integral diagnostics of the IMACS can be fully appreciated when the individual diagnostic

tools are applied to everyday troubleshooting such as the one illustrated in the following example.

The environment shown in Figure 44 consists of two IMACS’ connected by a T1 line. These are referred to as the

Local IMACS and the Remote IMACS respectively. At the local IMACS, the DTE equipment is a co-located

device providing a 56 Kbps V.35 interface that is connected to a V.35 HSU port. At the Remote IMACS, an OCU-

DP card that interfaces to the 4-wire DDS tail-circuit extends the 56 Kbps to a third location. Consequently, the

Remote IMACS is equipped with an OCU-DP card that interfaces to the 4-wire DDS tail-circuit. At the third

location, the DDS circuit terminates in a generic, third party DSU/CSU that in turn provides a 56 Kbps V.35

interface to the remote DTE device.

The system operator can use the diagnostic tool kit to systematically troubleshoot the problem on an end-to-end

basis and to identify the faulty sub-system, even if it is external to the IMACS. One way to systematically

troubleshoot the problem is illustrated in Figure 44. While there are many other approaches, in general, the

procedure to follow is to combine loop backs that are generated either through software commands or via industry-

standard loop-up codes with Bit Error Rate Tests (BERTs) for data circuits, or test tones for voice circuits. In the

IMACS, all of those tools are available as integral features of the system and of the various cards. Each test

determines if a specific sub-system is operating properly. In our example, after each test, the sub-systems that are

shown to be functioning properly are shaded in gray.

In Figure 44, the local HSU card is put in Local loop back and a BERT test is run from the DTE. If successful, in

Figure 44, diagnostics-figure 3, the loop back sequence is advanced by putting the T1 link of the Local IMACS in

Local loop back and running BERT test again. This also tests the cross-connect element of the local IMACS if there

is one present. In Figure 44XX, diagnostics-figure 4, the T1 link of the remote IMACS is configured in Line Loop

back. Alternatively, a loop up code can be sent from the local IMACS to put the T1 link of the remote IMACS in

Line loop back. This process is repeated until the remote DTE is put in network loop back and tested as shown

Figure 44, diagnostics-figure 8.

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Figure 1

IMACS Product Book, Version 4

35 Cross-Connect

Cross-Connect

Element

OC U

/DP

Remote

DTE

Local

DTE

HSU Element

DSU/CSU

T1 Facility

DDS Facility

V.35

Figure 2

V.35 Cross-Connect

HSU Element

Cross-Connect

Element

OC U

/DP

Remote

DTE

Local

DTE

DSU/CSU

T1 Facility

DDS Facility

V.35

Figure 3

V.35 Cross-Connect

HSU Element

Cross-Connect

Element

OC U

/DP

Remote

DTE

Local

DTE

DSU/CSU

T1 Facility

DDS Facility

V.35

Figure 4

V.35 Cross-Connect

HSU Element

Cross-Connect

Element

OC U

/DP

Remote

DTE

Local

DTE

DSU/CSU

T1 Facility

DDS Facility

V.35

Figure 44a - Built-In Diagnostics Example

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Figure 5

V.35 Cross-Connect

HSU Element

Cross-Connect

Element

OC U

/DP

Remote

Local

DTE

DSU/CSU

DTE

T1 Facility

DDS Facility

V.35

Figure 6

V.35 Cross-Connect

HSU Element

Cross-Connect

Element

OC U

/DP

Remote

DTE

Local

DTE

DSU/CSU

T1 Facility

DDS Facility

V.35

Figure 7

V.35 Cross-Connect

HSU Element

Cross-Connect

Element

OC U

/DP

Remote

DTE

Local

DTE

DSU/CSU

T1 Facility

DDS Facility

V.35

Figure 8

V.35 Cross-Connect

HSU Element

Cross-Connect

Element

OC U

/DP

Remote

DTE

Local

DTE

DSU/CSU

T1 Facility

DDS Facility

V.35

Figure 9

V.35 Cross-Connect

HSU Element

Cross-Connect

Element

OC U

/DP

Remote

DTE

Local

DTE

DSU/CSU

T1 Facility

DDS Facility

V.35

Figure 44b - Built-In Diagnostics Example

IMACS Performance Monitoring

The IMACS provides non-intrusive performance monitoring of T1 lines and DDS circuits that terminate on OCU-

DP cards. This capability is built into the system software and does not require any special options or expensive

external equipment.

T1 Line Performance Monitoring

Performance monitoring, statistics gathering and performance reporting of T1 facilities is supported in the IMACS.

In ESF format, CRC errors, Out-Of-Frame errors, and Controlled Slips are combined to provide line quality and

performance statistics in accordance with industry standards. In D4 format, Bipolar Violations (BPVs) are used

instead of CRC errors. The performance statistics are gathered and displayed in fifteen-minute intervals for the

preceding twenty-four hours. They include Errored Seconds, Unavailable Seconds, Severely Errored Seconds,

Bursty Errored Seconds, Loss Of Frame Count, and Slipped Seconds.

In ESF mode, these statistics are available to the system operator as well as to the carrier or service provider over the

embedded 4 Kbps Facilities Data Link (FDL). Each ESF T1 facility can be independently programmed to support

framing according to the AT&T 54016 standard or the ANSI T1.403 standard or both simultaneously. Additionally,

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for each T1 in the system, the operator may select an error rate threshold (from 10E-4 to 10E-9) which, if exceeded,

will cause the system to generate an Excessive Error Rate (EER) alarm.

DDS Line Performance Monitoring

The two-port OCU-DP card supports two methods of non-intrusive error correction. The first is Majority Vote and

applies to lower data rates such as 2.4, 4.8 and 9.6 Kbps. The other is the BCH method and applies to data rates of

19.2 Kbps and 56 Kbps.

If an OCU-DP port has error correction enabled, then the system will collect and display statistics on the

performance of the circuit. Performance statistics include separate incoming (from the T1 network) and outgoing (to

the 4-wire DDS circuit) Errored Seconds, Severely Errored Seconds and Consecutive Severely Errored Seconds and

are displayed in one-hour intervals for the preceding twenty-four hours.

Frame Relay Performance Monitoring

The Frame Relay Server accumulates performance statistics that can be used to monitor port, circuit and congestion

characteristics. Statistics are gathered in 15-minute increments for a total of 24 hours. Collected statistics includes

the:

•

Circuit transmit and receive performance

Circuit user contract compliance information

Circuit congestion information

Port transmit and receive information

ATM Performance Monitoring

The ATM Server accumulates performance statistics used to monitor the DS3 physical link, the ATM UNI, and

VBR and CBR circuit characteristics. Statistics are gathered in 15-minute increments for a total of 24 hours.

Collected statistics include:

•

DS3 ATM physical link performance in accordance with DS3 MIB specification

ATM UNI performance in accordance with ATM Forum UNI 3.0 specification

AAL 3, 4 and 5 performance in accordance with AToM MIB specification

AAL 1 and corresponding CBR circuit performance in accordance with ATM Forum’s DS1/E1 circuit

emulation specification

•

VBR circuit performance characteristics

Conclusion

While the actual costs of telecommunications equipment has been decreasing over time, the cost associated with the

logistical, operational and technical support keeping the network running is still expensive. As a result, it is critical

that communications equipment provides all of the self-diagnostics and test tools needed to troubleshoot and resolve

problems remotely, even if the problems are external to the equipment.

The Zhone Technologies IMACS combines the functionality of the most advanced integrated access device

available on the market today. It is an important asset to the Zhone Technologies product portfolio, which

incorporates the Zhone Technologies stamp of quality, innovation, engineering, quality assurance and HALT testing.

The IMACS provides a full suite of network services such as frame relay, FXO, etc. to support a variety of user

requirements. Furthermore, the IMACS’ unparalleled integral test and diagnostic capabilities eliminate the need for

external test equipment and in most cases, the need to dispatch personnel to troubleshoot problems.

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Weslo Treadmill WLTL 147090 User Manual
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