Varec Thermometer 4532 User Manual

IOM019NVAE0208  
4532 Average Temperature Sensor and  
Converter  
Installation and  
Operations Manual  
For software version V1.45  
Varec, Inc.  
5834 Peachtree Corners East, Norcross (Atlanta), GA 30092 USA  
Tel: +1 (770) 447-9202 Fax: +1 (770) 662-8939  
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4532  
Copyright  
All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under  
the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced,  
stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means- electronic,  
mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise- without the prior written permission  
of the Publisher:  
Varec, Inc.  
5834 Peachtree Corners East  
Norcross (Atlanta) GA 30096  
USA  
Trademarks acknowledged  
Varec, Inc. recognizes all other trademarks. Trademarks of other products mentioned in  
this document are held by the companies producing them.  
Varec® is a registered trademark of Varec, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of  
Science Applications International Corporation  
Varec, Inc.  
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Average Temperature/Water Bottom Sensor and Converter  
Disclaimer of Warranties  
The contract between the Seller and the Buyer states the entire obligation of the Seller.  
The contents of this document shall not become part of or modify any prior or existing  
agreement, commitment or relationship between the Seller and Buyer. There are no  
express or implied warranties set out in this document. The only warranties that apply  
are those in the existing contract between the Seller and Buyer.  
Varec, Inc. products have not been tested by Varec, Inc. under all possible operational  
conditions, and Varec, Inc. may not have all the data relative to your application. The  
information in this document is not all inclusive and does not and cannot take into  
account all unique situations. Consequently, the user should review this product  
literature in view of his/her application. If you have any further questions, please contact  
Varec, Inc. for assistance.  
Limitations of Seller's Liability  
In the event that a court holds that this document created some new warranties, Seller's  
liability shall be limited to repair or replacement under the standard warranty clause. In  
no case shall the Seller's liability exceed that stated as Limitations of Remedy in the  
contract between the Seller and Buyer.  
Terms of Use  
The information provided in this document is provided “as is” without warranty of any  
kind. Varec, Inc. disclaim all warranties, either express or implied, including the  
warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. In no event shall  
Varec, Inc. or its suppliers be liable for any damages whatsoever including direct,  
indirect, incidental, consequential, loss of business profits or special damages, even if  
Varec, Inc. or its suppliers have been advised of the possibility of such damages.  
Use of parts that are not manufactured or supplied by Varec, Inc. voids any Varec, Inc.  
warranty and relieves Varec, Inc. of any obligation to service the product under warranty.  
Varec, Inc. recommends the use of only Varec, Inc. manufactured or supplied parts to  
maintain or service Varec, Inc. products.  
Use of parts that are not manufactured or supplied by Varec, Inc. invalidates the agency  
approval for this product.  
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Safety Precaution Definitions  
Caution!  
Damage to equipment may result if this precaution is disregarded.  
Warning! Direct injury to personnel or damage to equipment which can cause injury to  
personnel may result if this precaution is not followed.  
Safety Precautions  
Read and understand this instruction manual before installing, operating or performing  
maintenance on the Varec 4532 Average Temperature Sensor and Converter. Follow all  
precautions and warning noted herein when installing, operating or performing  
maintenance on this equipment.  
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4532  
Contents  
Contents  
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1  
1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1  
1.2 Installation and operation overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1  
1.3 Software history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1  
1.4 System functional diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2  
Safety instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3  
2.1 Installation, commissioning and operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3  
2.2 Product Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3  
2.2.1 Power source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3  
2.2.2 Use in hazardous areas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3  
2.2.3 External connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3  
2.3 Operational safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3  
2.3.1 Hazardous area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3  
2.3.2 Power supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4  
2.3.3 Grounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4  
2.3.4 Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4  
2.4 Return . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4  
2.5 Disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4  
2.6 Notes on safety conventions and symbols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5  
Identification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7  
3.1 Device designation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7  
3.1.1 Nameplate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7  
3.2 Scope of delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7  
3.3 CE marks, declaration of conformity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8  
Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9  
4.1 Design, dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9  
4.2 Unpacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10  
4.3 Flexible tube. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10  
4.4 Installation Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11  
4.5 Special conditions for safe use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11  
Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13  
5.1 Mounting instruction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13  
5.2 Mounting on a fixed roof tank. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14  
5.2.1 Top anchor method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14  
5.2.2 Thermo well method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16  
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5.2.3 Anchor weight method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17  
5.3 Mounting on a floating roof tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19  
5.3.1 Top anchor method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19  
5.3.2 Thermo well method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20  
5.3.3 Guide ring and anchor weight method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21  
Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23  
6.1 Terminal Connection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23  
6.1.1 4532 ATC terminal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23  
6.1.2 6000 Series Servo Tank Gauge terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24  
6.1.3 4590 TSM i.s. terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24  
6.2 Grounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25  
Operating. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27  
7.1 Local HART connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27  
7.1.1 As a Varec tank gauging instrument. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27  
7.1.2 As a standalone generic HART instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27  
7.2 Device set up: 4590 TSM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27  
7.2.1 HART scanner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27  
7.3 Device set up: 6000 Series Servo Tank Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28  
7.3.1 Preparation of 6000 Series Servo Tank Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28  
8.0.1 HART Device designation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31  
8.0.2 Device Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31  
8.1 Temperature measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31  
8.1.1 Primary values: VH00 ~ VH09. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31  
8.1.2 Element Temperature 1: VH10 ~ VH15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32  
8.1.3 Element Temperature 2: VH20 ~ VH29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32  
8.1.6 WB primary and Advanced temp: VH50 ~ VH59 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37  
8.1.8 Temperature Adjustment: VH70 ~ VH79. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38  
8.1.9 Device setting 2: VH90~VH99. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43  
Maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45  
9.1 Exterior cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45  
9.2 Repairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45  
9.3 Repairs to Ex-approved devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45  
9.4 Replacement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46  
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4532  
Contents  
10 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47  
10.1 System error messages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47  
10.2 Spare parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48  
11 Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49  
11.1 Anchor weight (Tall profile) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49  
11.2 Anchor weight (Low profile) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49  
11.3 Wire hook, Top anchor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50  
12 Technical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51  
Order Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53  
Declaration of Contamination Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55  
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57  
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4532  
Introduction  
1 Introduction  
1.1  
Introduction  
The 4532 Average Temperature Sensor and Converter (ATC) is a multi-element (Pt100)  
resistance device designed to measure the average product temperature in bulk liquid  
storage tanks. The measured value is converted into a HART® compatible output for use  
in temperature compensated volumetric calculations. The 4532 ATC contains up to 6  
temperature elements, spaced at 2 or 3 meter intervals along the length of the probe.  
Power and local HART communications are provided over a 2-wire, intrinsically safe (i.s.)  
connection from compatible instruments, such as the Varec 6000 Series Servo Tank  
Gauge (STG), 7500 Series Radar Tank Gauges (RTG) and the 4590 Tank Side Monitor  
(TSM).  
1.2  
Installation and operation overview  
Step 1. Installing on tank top  
The actual installation may require an installer to work in a hazardous area. Safety  
must be taken into account in order to avoid any harmful conditions.  
The installation method depends on the type of 4532 ATC. Refer to  
Step 2. Wiring to the host instruments (4590 TSM)  
Wiring material and conditions must be in accordance with intrinsically safe  
standards.  
One end (normally on the host instrument side) of the shield twisted pair of cables  
must be grounded at the terminal connection.  
Step 3. 4532 ATC initial setup  
Set up device settings for the 4532 ATC and the local HART setting to the host  
instrument.  
Step 4. Data flow from the 4532 ATC to the host instruments  
Individual element temperature data: Individual row element temperature can be  
accessed regardless of liquid level information on the 4532 ATC's data matrix.  
Average temperature data: The host instrument sends liquid level data on the HART line  
to the 4532 ATC. The 4532 ATC calculates both Gas / Liquid phase average temperature  
based on this given liquid level.  
1.3  
Software history  
Software version /  
Software changes  
Original software  
Documentation  
changes  
Date  
V1.45/04.2006  
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Introduction  
Average Temperature/Water Bottom Sensor and Converter  
1.4 System functional diagram  
ToF Tool -  
FieldTool  
Package  
HART  
2-wire  
2-wire Power  
(DC, Ex i)  
Commubox  
FXA191/195  
Level  
Temperature  
Power AC  
4590 TSM  
Ex i  
Pressure  
8130 RTU  
or  
FuelsManager  
Software  
8300 TGI  
+
2
4
V
C
P
U
+5V  
COMM  
+
1
5
V
I
/
O
-15V ERROR  
Power AC/DC  
HART  
2-wire  
Ex i  
Ex d  
Temperature  
HART  
2-wire  
Level  
Interface  
Density  
Bottom  
Figure 1-1: Connection with 7500 Series Radar Tank Gauge and 6000 Series Servo Tank  
Gauge  
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4532  
Safety instructions  
2 Safety instructions  
2.1  
Installation, commissioning and operation  
Mounting, electrical installation, start-up and maintenance of the instrument may  
only be carried out by trained personnel authorized by the operator of the facility.  
Personnel must absolutely and without fail read and understand this manual before  
carrying out its instructions.  
The instrument may only be operated by personnel who are authorized and trained  
by the operator of the facility. All instructions in this manual are to be observed  
without fail.  
The installer must make sure that the measuring system is correctly wired  
according to the wiring diagrams. The measuring system is to be grounded.  
Please observe all provisions valid for your country and pertaining to the opening  
and repairing of electrical devices.  
2.2  
Product Requirements  
2.2.1 Power source  
Check the voltage of the power supply before connecting it to the product. It should be  
the exact voltage required for proper operation of the product.  
2.2.2 Use in hazardous areas  
When using the product in the first or second-class hazard location (Zone 1 or Zone 2)  
be sure to use an intrinsically safe or pressure and explosion-proof apparatus. Take the  
utmost care during the installation, wiring, and piping of such apparatus to ensure the  
safety of the system. For safety reasons, maintenance or repairs on the product while it  
is being used with such apparatus should only be performed by qualified personnel.  
2.2.3 External connection  
When an external connection is required, the product should be protectively grounded  
before it is connected to a measurement object or an external control circuit.  
2.3  
Operational safety  
2.3.1 Hazardous area  
Measuring systems for use in hazardous environments are accompanied by separate "Ex  
documentation", which is an integral part of this manual. Strict compliance with the  
installation instructions and ratings as stated in this supplementary documentation is  
mandatory.  
Please use the explosion-proof type for measurement in explosion-hazardous  
areas.  
Instruments used in explosion hazardous areas should be mounted and wired  
according to the explosion-proof regulations.  
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Safety instructions  
Average Temperature/Water Bottom Sensor and Converter  
Instruments mounted in explosion hazardous areas must not be opened when the  
power is on. Tighten the cable gland firmly.  
The maintenance and repair of the instrument is limited to fulfill the explosion  
proof regulations.  
Ensure that all personnel are suitably qualified.  
Observe the specifications in the certificate as well as national and local regulations.  
2.3.2 Power supply  
Check that voltage and frequency of the local power supply are in the range of the  
technical data of the instrument before turning on the power, in Chapter 12, Technical  
2.3.3 Grounding  
Do not remove the grounding of the instrument when the power supply is turned on.  
This may set the instrument in a dangerous condition.  
2.3.4 Wiring  
Make sure of the grounding of the instrument before connecting input and output to  
another system.  
Caution!  
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for com-  
pliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.  
2.4  
Return  
The following procedures must be carried out before the instruments is sent to Varec  
for repair:  
Always enclose a duly completed "Declaration of Contamination" form. Only then  
can Varec transport, examine and repair a returned device.  
Enclose special handling instructions if necessary, for example, safety data sheet as  
per EN 91/155/EEC.  
Remove all residue which may be present. Pay special attention to the gasket  
grooves and crevices where fluid may be present. This is especially important if the  
fluid is dangerous to health, e.g. corrosive, poisonous, carcinogenic, radioactive,  
etc.  
A copy of the “Declaration of Contamination” is included at the end of this operating  
manual in Appendix B.  
Caution!  
No instrument should be sent back for repair without all dangerous material being  
completely removed first, e.g. in scratches or diffused through plastic.  
Incomplete cleaning of the instrument may result in waste disposal or cause harm  
to personnel (burns, etc.). Any costs arising from this will be charged to the  
operator of the instrument.  
2.5  
Disposal  
In case of disposal, please separate the different components according to their material  
consistency.  
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4532  
Safety instructions  
2.6 Notes on safety conventions and symbols  
In order to highlight safety-relevant or alternative operating procedures in the manual,  
the following conventions have been used, each indicated by a corresponding symbol in  
the margin.  
Safety conventions  
Warning!  
Warning!  
A warning highlights actions or procedures which, if not performed  
correctly, will lead to personal injury, a safety hazard or destruction of  
the instrument  
Caution!  
Caution!  
Caution highlights actions or procedures which, if not performed  
correctly, may lead to personal injury or incorrect functioning of the  
instrument  
Note!  
Note!  
A note highlights actions or procedures which, if not performed  
correctly, may indirectly affect operation or may lead to an instrument  
response which is not planned  
Explosion protection  
Device certified for use in explosion hazardous area  
If the device has this symbol embossed on its name plate, it can be  
installed in an explosion hazardous area  
Explosion hazardous areas  
Symbol used in drawings to indicate explosion hazardous areas.  
Devices located in and wiring entering areas with the designation  
“explosion hazardous areas” must conform to the stated type of  
protection  
EX  
Safe area (non-explosion hazardous area)  
Symbol used in drawings to indicate, if necessary, non-explosion  
hazardous areas.  
EX  
Devices located in safe areas still require a certificate if their  
outputs run into explosion hazardous areas  
Explosion protection  
Direct voltage  
A terminal to which or from which a direct current or voltage may be  
applied or supplied  
Alternating voltage  
A terminal to which or from which an alternating (sine-wave) current or  
voltage may be applied or supplied  
Grounded terminal  
A grounded terminal, which as far as the operator is concerned, is  
already grounded by means of an earth grounding system  
Protective grounding (earth) terminal  
A terminal which must be connected to earth ground prior to making  
any other connection to the equipment  
Equipotential connection (earth bonding)  
A connection made to the plant grounding system which may be of type  
e.g. neutral star or equipotential line according to national or company  
practice  
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Safety instructions  
Average Temperature/Water Bottom Sensor and Converter  
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4532  
Identification  
3 Identification  
3.1  
Device designation  
3.1.1 Nameplate  
4532 Series  
4532 Series  
Temperature Device  
Temperature Device  
IS Cl. I, Div. 1, Gp. C,D  
Cl. I, Zone0, AEx ia IIBT  
NI Cl. I, Div. 2, Gp. C,D  
Ex ia IIB T  
ATEX II 1/2 G  
KEMA 08 ATEX 0012 X  
0820  
APPROVED  
Ambient Temperature -40 °C to  
Ui<30V Ii<120mA Pi<1W  
Ci=6.6nF Li=48μH  
°C  
Ambient Temperature -40 °C to  
Ui<30V Ii<120mA Pi<1W  
Ci=7.9nF Li=48µH  
°C  
NEMA 4X  
WARNING  
WARNING  
Do not modify parts and circuits of this instrument.  
Do not modify parts and circuits of this instrument.  
Install per control drawing Ex461-869  
Varec, Inc.  
5834 Peachtree Corners East Norcross (Atlanta)  
Georgia 30092 USA  
Varec, Inc.  
5834 Peachtree Corners East Norcross (Atlanta)  
Georgia 30092 USA  
16-04532 Rev C  
Made in Japan  
16-04532AT Rev B  
Made in Japan  
Figure 3-1: 4532 ATC labels  
453x Series  
Temperature Device  
N453  
Order Code  
Mfg. Date  
Serial No.  
Span  
°C to  
°C Length  
mm  
Varec, Inc.  
5834 Peachtree Corners East Norcross (Atlanta)  
Georgia 30092 USA  
Made in Japan  
16-0453x Rev E  
Figure 3-2: Product label for 453x average temperature devices  
3.2  
Scope of delivery  
Instrument according to the version ordered  
ToF Tool (CD-ROM)  
Accessories (as ordered)  
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Identification  
Average Temperature/Water Bottom Sensor and Converter  
3.3  
CE marks, declaration of conformity  
The instrument is designed to meet state-of-the-art safety requirements, has been  
tested and left the factory in a condition in which it is safe to operate. The instrument  
complies with the applicable standards and regulations in accordance with EN 50014  
"Electrical apparatus for potentially explosive atmospheres-General requirements". The  
instrument described in this manual thus complies with the statutory requirements of  
the EG directives. Varec confirms the successful testing of the instrument by affixing to  
it the CE mark.  
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4532  
Installation  
4 Installation  
4.1  
Design, dimensions  
142.5 mm  
Flexible tube  
depends on the  
tank height  
Bottom hook  
Ф10  
Ф26  
Figure 4-1: 4532 ATC dimensions  
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Installation  
Average Temperature/Water Bottom Sensor and Converter  
4.2 Unpacking  
When unpacking, be careful not to bend, fold or twist the flexible tube. Please refer to  
the recommended procedure below.  
Incorrect procedure  
Recommended procedure  
4.3  
Flexible tube  
When attaching and bending the flexible tube, the radius of curvature must be at least  
300 mm (11.8") at any bend portion.  
Flexible tube  
Min.1m (39.37")  
Figure 4-2: Flexible tube  
Note!  
If a flexible tube is bent with a radius of curvature less than 300 mm (11.8"), the flex-  
ible tube or the measuring element may be seriously damaged or broken.  
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4532  
Installation  
4.4 Installation Instructions  
Note!  
The level sensor circuit is connected to ground and is infallibly galvanically isolated  
from the supply and output circuit and from the temperature measurement circuit.  
All metal parts of the sensor and the transmitter shall be electrically conductive and  
securely be connected to the potential equalization system within the hazardous area.  
4.5  
Special conditions for safe use  
To exclude ignition sources due to sparks caused by impact or friction, even in the event  
of rare incidents, do not subject the temperature sensor tube to environmental stress,  
such as impact from moving parts. Also, make sure the bottom part is secured.  
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4532  
Mounting  
5 Mounting  
5.1  
Mounting instruction  
Note!  
1. The flexible tube length of the 4532 ATC is defined for the customer’s specifica-  
tions. Before mounting, please check as follows:  
The tag number (if available) on the body of the 4532 ATC  
The length of the flexible tube  
The number of measuring points  
The intervals between measuring point  
2. Mounting the 4532 ATC at a minimum of 500 mm (19.67") away from the tank shell.  
This will ensure that the measurement is not influenced by changes in ambient  
temperature.  
3. The procedure for mounting the 4532 ATC on a tank depends on the type of tank.  
Here we shall explain the procedures for a fixed roof tank and for a floating roof  
tank.  
In any case, the flexible tube head is mounted on the tank top as show in fig. 5.  
The mounting nozzle should have a diameter of 50 mm (2") as standard.  
Bolt M16  
Flange for  
flexible tube head  
Packing  
Flange for  
tank top  
Washer M16  
Nut M16  
Figure 5-1: The 4532 ATC mounting  
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Mounting  
Average Temperature/Water Bottom Sensor and Converter  
5.2 Mounting on a fixed roof tank  
There are three methods for mounting the 4532 ATC on a fixed roof tank:  
Top anchor method  
Thermo well method  
Anchor weight method  
If the tank bottom has a heating coil, the clearance from the flexible tube bottom hook  
to the tank bottom may increase depending on the heating coil type.  
5.2.1 Top anchor method  
The flexible tube is stabilized by a wire hook and a top anchor.  
Electrical compartment  
Cable entry as specified  
Flange  
Top anchor  
Socket (1")  
Tensioning wire  
Flexible tube  
From tank bottom to  
element position #1  
(20")  
Ø26 mm(1.02")  
approx.500 mm  
Clearance below  
bottom hook  
400 mm (15.57")  
Wire hook  
Tank bottom  
Figure 5-2: Top anchor application  
1. Insert a gasket and lower the flexible tube from the nozzle on the tank top.  
Caution!  
The flexible tube must be lowered carefully without bending too much and scratching  
at the inner edge of the nozzle hole.  
2. Rotate the 4532 ATC so that you can set up the cabling in the most convenient way.  
3. Straighten the tensioning wire, fix the wire end to the top anchor temporarily and  
lower the wire.  
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4532  
Mounting  
4. Draw the tensioning wire through the wire hook on the tank bottom.  
5. Wrap the tensioning wire twice around the hole on the bottom hook, tighten it and  
wrap the provided wire around it (see Figure 5-3).  
Flexible tube  
Tensioning wire  
Bottom hook  
Wire hook  
Provided wire  
Figure 5-3: Tensioning wire mounting  
6. Fix the mounting flange of the 4532 ATC to the nozzle on the tank top using bolts.  
Note!  
Please keep the compression of the spring at 35 to 37 mm (1.38 to 1.47).  
If you compress the spring over 35 to 37 mm, it may cause damage to the sensor.  
7. Draw the end of the tensioning wire as much as possible by hand and foot (see  
8. Bend the wire and fix it using the nut.  
9. Cut the excess wire.  
10. Screw the nut to compress down the spring of the top anchor 35 to 37 mm.  
11. Cover the top anchor.  
Figure 5-4: Top anchor mounting  
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Mounting  
Average Temperature/Water Bottom Sensor and Converter  
5.2.2 Thermo well method  
The flexible tube is inserted into a thermo well with a diameter of 2" or more.  
Electrical compartment  
Cable entry as specified  
Flange  
Flexible tube  
If the tank internal  
pressure exceeds  
1bar, fix the thermo  
well in accordance  
with below figure.  
welding  
From tank bottom to  
Ø26 mm(1.02")  
element position #1  
(20")  
approx.500 mm  
Clearance below  
bottom hook  
400 mm (15.57")  
Tank bottom  
Figure 5-5: Thermo well application  
Caution!  
The flexible tube must be lowered carefully without bending too much or scratching  
at the inner edge of the nozzle hole.  
1. Insert a gasket and lower the flexible tube into the inlet of the stilling well.  
2. Rotate the 4532 ATC so that you can set up the cable in the most convenient way.  
3. Fix the mounting flange of the 4532 ATC to the nozzle on the tank top using bolts.  
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4532  
Mounting  
5.2.3 Anchor weight method  
The flexible tube is stabilized by an anchor weight:  
Electrical compartment  
Cable entry as specified  
Flange  
Nozzle height  
222 mm(8.74")  
Flexible tube  
Ø120 mm(4.72")  
1000mm(39.37")  
Tank height  
41mm(1.61")  
Ø26 mm(1.02")  
From tank bottom to  
element position #1  
approx.500 mm(20")  
Clearance below  
bottom hook  
400 mm (15.57")  
Tank bottom  
Figure 5-6: Anchor weight application  
Note!  
Make sure to put the anchor weight on the tank bottom. When installing with the sus-  
pended anchor weight, please use the anchor weight at a maximum of 16 kg. More  
weight may cause internal breaking in the flexible tube.  
Caution!  
The flexible tube must be lowered carefully without bending too much and scratching  
at the inner edge of the nozzle hole.  
1. Insert a gasket and lower the flexible tube from the nozzle on the tank top.  
2. Rotate the 4532 ATC so that you can set up the cabling in the most convenient way.  
3. Tighten the tensioning wire between the lower end of the flexible tube and the  
anchor weight.  
4. Wrap the tensioning wire twice around a hole on the bottom hook, tighten it and  
wrap a provided wire around it (see Figure 5-7 on page 16).  
5. Fix the mounting flange of the 4532 ATC to the nozzle on the tank top using bolts.  
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Mounting  
Average Temperature/Water Bottom Sensor and Converter  
Flexible tube  
Bottom hook  
Flexible tube  
Bottom hook  
Provided wire  
Provided wire  
Figure 5-7: Anchor weight mounting  
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4532  
Mounting  
5.3 Mounting on a floating roof tank  
There are three methods of mounting the 4532 ATC on a floating roof tank:  
Top anchor method  
Thermo well method  
Guide wire ring method  
Note!  
If the tank bottom has a heating coil, the clearance from the flexible tube or probe  
bottom hook to the tank bottom must increase according to the heating coil type.  
5.3.1 Top anchor method  
The flexible tube is installed in a fixed pipe and stabilized by a top anchor. The 6000  
Series Servo Tank Gauge and 4532 ATC can be mounted in the same fixed pipe.  
Electrical compartment  
Cable entry as specified  
Flange  
Top anchor  
Flexible tube  
Fixed pipe  
Gas hole  
Tensioning wire  
Element position #1  
Ø26mm (1.02")  
(Bottom element)  
Clearance below  
bottom hook  
500mm (19.69")  
400mm (15.75)  
Gauge plate  
Figure 5-8: Top anchor application  
The installation procedure is the same as for mounting on a fixed roof tank using the  
top anchor.  
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Mounting  
Average Temperature/Water Bottom Sensor and Converter  
5.3.2 Thermo well method  
The flexible tube is inserted into a thermo well in the fixed pipe.  
Electrical compartment  
Cable entry as specified  
Flange  
Flexible tube  
Fixed pipe  
Gas hole  
Ø26mm (1.02")  
Thermo well  
(Min.Ø2",  
depend on sch. )  
Element position #1  
(Bottom element)  
Clearance below  
bottom hook  
500mm (19.69")  
400mm (15.75)  
Gauge plate  
Figure 5-9: Thermo well application  
The installation procedure is the same as for mounting on a fixed roof tank using the  
thermo well.  
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4532  
Mounting  
5.3.3 Guide ring and anchor weight method  
The flexible tube is stabilized by a guide ring and anchor weight.  
Electrical compartment  
Cable entry as specified  
Flange  
Flexible tube  
Guide ring  
Ø26mm (1.02")  
Element position #1  
(Bottom element)  
Clearance below  
bottom hook  
500mm (20")  
400mm (15.75)  
Tank bottom  
Figure 5-10:Guide ring and anchor weight application  
Caution!  
Caution!  
Make sure to put the anchor weight on the tank bottom. When installing with the sus-  
pended anchor weight, please use the anchor weight at a maximum of 16kg. More  
weight may cause internal breaking in the flexible tube.  
The flexible tube must be lowered carefully without bending too much and scratching  
at the inner edge of the nozzle hole.  
1. Set the guide ring to the floating roof.  
2. Insert a gasket and lower the flexible tube from the nozzle on the tank top.  
3. Rotate the 4532 ATC so that you can set up the cabling in the most convenient way.  
4. Tighten the tensioning wire between the lower end of the flexible tube and the  
anchor weight. Wind the tensioning wire twice around each of the hitches and wrap  
a wire around it (see Figure 5-7 on page 16).  
5. Fix the mounting flange of the 4532 ATC to the nozzle on the tank top using bolts.  
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4532  
Wiring  
6 Wiring  
6.1  
Terminal Connection  
6.1.1 4532 ATC terminal  
Note!  
The 4532 ATC allows an intrinsically safe HART connection only. Please refer to the  
i.s. regulation for establishing wiring and field device layout.  
Ground terminal  
Screened twisted pair  
or steel armored wire  
Z1  
Z2  
AR1  
Z3  
H2- H2+ H1-  
H1+  
to 4590 TSM  
+ terminal 24, 26 or 28  
- terminal 25, 27 or 29  
or  
to 6000 STG  
+ teminal 24  
Note!  
Metal cable gland only:  
Shield of HART communication  
line must be grounded  
- terminal 25  
Zincate-plate  
aluminum plug  
H2- H2+  
H1- H1+  
Temp. data  
Multi-drop HART loop  
Daisy chain connection  
+ : H2 + terminal  
I.S. HART on 4532 ATC  
+ : H1 + terminal  
- : H1 - terminal  
- : H2 - terminal  
Figure 6-1: 4532 ATC terminal  
The 4532 ATC has convenient daisy chain HART loop terminals that enable the 4532  
ATC to be a terminal junction for HART multi-drop instruments.  
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Wiring  
Average Temperature/Water Bottom Sensor and Converter  
6.1.2 6000 Series Servo Tank Gauge terminal  
Since the 4532 ATC is an intrinsically safe instrument, the terminal connection to the  
Ex i side on HART connection is allowed on the 6000 Series Servo Tank Gauge terminal  
housing.  
Port_B+  
+
_
COM  
+
_
+
_
L
1
4
5
6
7
8
9
R
10  
11  
12  
13  
14  
15  
16  
17  
18  
19  
20  
21  
22  
23  
24  
4 ... 20 mA  
Channel 2  
Non IS HART  
to NRF or others  
Alarm contact  
Alarm contact  
Alarm contact  
Power supply  
Operation  
contact  
input  
L
AC 85 ... 264V 50/60Hz  
or  
DC 20 ... 62V AC20 ... 55V  
HOIST  
STOP  
ARS  
Port_B-  
+
_
+
_
+
_
+
Digital output  
Rack bus RS485,  
Serial pulse,  
or  
Port_A+  
IS HART R or  
2
N
G
A
G
N
_
B
ARS  
HART R  
Port_A-  
25  
26  
+
_
+
3
b
4 ... 20 mA  
Channel 1  
Alarm contact  
_
ARS  
From 4535 ATC  
Figure 6-2: 6000 Series Servo Tank Gauge terminal  
Note!  
Do not connect the 4532 ATC HART communication on terminals 4 and 5 on the  
6000 Series Servo Tank Gauge. These terminals are designed to connect Ex d  
HART communication.  
6.1.3 4590 TSM i.s. terminal  
4590 TSM i.s. terminal board  
mA  
24V  
For 7500 Series  
Radar Tank Gauges only!  
Figure 6-3: 4590 TSM terminal  
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4532  
Wiring  
Note!  
The 4590 TSM has three sets of i.s. HART terminals. These three pairs are looped  
internally.  
Caution!  
Do not connect signal HART lines from the 4532 ATC to terminals 30 and 31. They  
are designed to supply drive power for the 7500 Series Radar Tank Gauge only.  
6.2  
Grounding  
The 4532 ATC must be grounded to the tank potential before communication and power  
connections are made. The connections from ground terminal of the 4532 ATC to the  
tank ground must be made before any other wiring connections are made. All grounding  
must be compliant with local and company regulations and checked before the  
equipment is commissioned.  
Ground terminal  
Z1  
Z2  
AR1  
Z3  
H2- H2+ H1- H1+  
A > 4 mm2  
to 4590 TSM or  
6000 Series Servo  
Tank Gauge  
Tank Ground  
Figure 6-4: The 4532 ATC Grounding  
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4532  
Operating  
7 Operating  
7.1  
Local HART connection  
7.1.1 As a Varec tank gauging instrument  
The 4532 ATC has been developed and designated primarily to work with the Varec tank  
gauging host instruments 4590 TSM or 6000 Series Servo Tank Gauge.  
Temperature information is transmitted on a two wire i.s HART loop to the host  
instrument.  
Since both the 4590 TSM and 6000 Series Servo Tank Gauge have a pre-configured  
menu for 453x average temperature devices functionality as default, simple wiring to  
the 4532 ATC will complete the initial setup for the 4532 ATC.  
7.1.2 As a standalone generic HART instrument  
The 4532 ATC is a HART foundation registered intrinsically safe loop powered device.  
The 4532 ATC provides four basic types of data as standard and parameter information  
via HART protocol, command 3. Configuration to host communication can be performed  
by a HC (Hand Communicator) or the Varec ToF field service tool to set a specific HART  
address.  
20: Measurement function  
0: Converter only  
1: Temperature + converter  
These four basic data are available as standard.  
Average liquid temperature  
Average gas phase temperature  
Level (entered liquid level at "VH02 measured distance")  
Device status  
7.2  
Device set up: 4590 TSM  
Connect the loop powered HART communication cable from the 4590 TSM (intrinsically  
safe side compartment) to the 4532 ATC.  
Since the 4590 TSM has been designed to recognize the 4532 ATC as a specific Varec  
HART instrument, set up is easy.  
7.2.1 HART scanner  
After the physical cabling between the 4532 ATC and the 4590 TSM is complete, scan  
all connected loop powered HART devices by activating "HART SCAN" on the version 1.x  
4590 TSM. The version 2.x 4590 TSM continually scans the HART bus and will  
automatically detect the 4532 ATC when it is connected.  
Caution!  
Not all 4590 TSM have fully accessible compatibility to recognize the 4532 ATC.  
Consult with your Varec representative to cross check the software and hardware  
version of the 4590 TSM.  
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Operating  
Average Temperature/Water Bottom Sensor and Converter  
7.2.2 The 4532 ATC specific parameter set up on the 4590 TSM  
Configuration of 4532 ATC parameters on the display of the 4590 TSM is dependent on  
the installed software and hardware version of the 4590 TSM. Please refer to the  
operating manual for the 4590 TSM to determine accessible parameters.  
All required initial setup and configuration can be performed by the ToF field service  
tool. Detailed information will be described in the following operation related chapters.  
7.3  
Device set up: 6000 Series Servo Tank Gauge  
The 6000 Series Servo Tank Gauge is also specifically designed to recognize the 4532  
ATC. Connect local HART cabling between the 4532 ATC and the 6000 Series Servo Tank  
Gauge on terminals 24 and 25.  
7.3.1 Preparation of 6000 Series Servo Tank Gauge  
The 6000 Series Servo Tank Gauge must be pre-configured to accept the 4532 ATC  
connection via the multi drop HART loop.  
GVH362: NMT connection  
"Average Temp." must be selected in order to configure the 4532 ATC.  
Caution!  
To change this parameter, an access code is required. Please refer to the 6000  
Series Servo Tank Gauge operation manual for further information.  
7.3.2 4532 ATC configuration on 6000 Series Servo Tank Gauge  
Most required 4532 ATC parameters can be configured on G4 "Temperature" matrix as  
it is on the display of the 6000 Series Servo Tank Gauge.  
Typical 4532 ATC parameters (equivalent to the 4535 ATC) are displayed on the matrix  
of the 6000 Series Servo Tank Gauge.  
7.3.2.1 G0 Static matrix  
GVH010: Liquid Temp  
Calculated average liquid temperature value, determined by the 4532 ATC  
GVH013: Gas Temperature  
Calculated average gas phase temperature value, determined by the 4532 ATC  
GVH440: Liquid Temp  
The same value indicated on GVH010 Liquid Temp  
GVH441: Gas Temperature  
The same value indicated on GVH013 Gas Temperature  
GVH442: Measured Level  
Liquid level value established in the 6000 Series Servo Tank Gauge. The 4532 ATC must  
have liquid level data in order to calculate both liquid and gas phase average  
temperature.  
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4532  
Operating  
GVH447: Reference Zero  
Indication of the converted 100 Ohm reference resistor deviation value compared to the  
actual inserted element value in the temperature probe. The reading value of reference  
resistor and its deviation are continuously monitored during operation to prevent from  
performing an incorrect calculation. Indicated tolerance should be within ±0.15°C  
(±0.27°F) depending on element characteristics, e.g. Pt100 elements have 100 Ohm  
resistance at 0°C (32°F); therefore, the reading value should be within 0°C±0.15°C  
(32°F±0.27°F) or less.  
GVH449: Reference 150  
Indication of the converted 200 Ohm reference resistor deviation value compared to the  
actual inserted element value in the temperature probe. The reading value of reference  
resistor and its deviation are continuously monitored during operation to prevent from  
performing an incorrect calculation. Indicated tolerance should be within ±0.15°C  
(±0.27°F) depending on element characteristics.  
GVH450~459; Temp No.1~10  
The temperature reading value from each inserted element in the probe. The reading  
element temperature above 11~16 must be selected at the GVH470 "Select Point", then  
the read value at the GVH473 "Element Temp."  
GVH460~49; Element Position No.11~16 (not available with 4532 ATC)  
GVH470: Select Point  
A matrix to select the desired element data on GVH471 "Zero Adjust", GVH473 "Element  
Temp" and GVH474 "Element Position."  
GVH480: Diagnostic  
Display of error code message. Please refer to the error code chart in  
GVH482: Total No. Element  
Enter the number of installed temperature elements in the average temperature probe.  
GVH485: Type of Interval  
Select type of element interval.  
Even: Element spacing will be equally spaced by providing the distance at GVH487  
"Element Interval", and the lowest element position can be set at GVH486 "Bottom Point."  
GVH486: Bottom Point  
The lowest inserted element position in the average temperature probe.  
Note!  
This parameter setting is only used to change the theoretical element position within  
the 4532 ATC's software for average calculation purposes. If does not effect the  
physical location of the temperature element position.  
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4532  
Operation and Description of Instrument Function  
8 Operation and Description of Instrument Function  
8.0.1 HART Device designation  
HART device code "190":  
Device code for temperature measurement function in 4532 ATC only.  
8.0.2 Device Data  
Tag Number: read and write  
Default: HART  
A customer specific device identification and control number (or name). Tank name, site  
number, or any other ID can be entered.  
Assembly Number: read and write  
Default: 0  
Manufacture control number based on production process.  
8.1  
Temperature measurement  
8.1.1 Primary values: VH00 ~ VH09  
VH00 Liquid Temp  
Item type: read only  
Range: -200°C ~ 240°C  
Note!  
Display of measured liquid phase average temperature. Liquid level input must be  
provided by the 7200 or 7500 Series Radar Tank Gauge (via 4590 TSM) or 6000  
Series Servo Tank Gauge in order to calculate true liquid average temperature.  
VH01 Gas Temp  
Item type: read only  
Range: -200°C ~ 240°C  
Display of measured gas (vapor) phase average temperature.  
Note!  
Display of measured gas (vapor) phase average temperature. Liquid level input  
must be provided by the 7200 or 7500 Series Radar Tank Gauge (via 4590 TSM) or  
6000 Series Servo Tank Gauge in order to calculate true gas average temperature.  
VH02 Measured Distance  
Item type: read and write  
Range: 0mm ~ 99999mm  
Display of provided liquid level by connected level gauge. Manual level input is also  
available for the purpose of device testing.  
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Operation and Description of Instrument Function  
Average Temperature/Water Bottom Sensor and Converter  
VH07 Temperature 0  
Item type: read only  
Display of converted 100 Ohm reference resistor deviation value compared to actual  
inserted element value in temperature probe. The reading value of reference resistor  
and its deviation are continuously monitored during operation to prevent an incorrect  
calculation.  
VH09 Temperature 17  
Item type: read only  
Display of the converted 200 Ohm reference resistor deviation value compares to the  
actual inserted element value in the temperature probe. The reading value of the  
reference resistor and its deviation are continuously monitored during operation to  
prevent an incorrect calculation. Indicated tolerance should be within ±0.15°C (±0.27°F)  
depending on element characteristics.  
8.1.2 Element Temperature 1: VH10 ~ VH15  
(VH16~19 used only in 4539 ATC539)  
VH10 ~ 19 Temperature 1 ~ 10  
Item type: read only  
Range: -200°C ~ 240°C  
Display of individual measured element temperature.  
8.1.3 Element Temperature 2: VH20 ~ VH29  
( not available in 4532 ATC)  
VH26 Selec. Ave Method  
Item type: select  
Selection: Standard, Advanced  
Selection of average calculation method.  
Standard  
A Conventional calculation method. Regardless of tank shape, average temperature  
calculation will be performed based on the following example (example: liquid  
temperature).  
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4532  
Operation and Description of Instrument Function  
Element #5: 4.5°C (T5)  
Element #4: 4.0°C (T4)  
Element #3: 2.0°C (T3)  
Element #2: 3.0°C (T2)  
Element #1: 3.5°C (T1)  
Formula: (T1 + T2 + T3) / # of element in liquid phase  
= Average temperature (3.5°C + 3.0°C + 2.0°C) / 3 = 2.83°C  
Advanced:  
Average temperature calculation with additional factor to compensate for unequal  
volume distribution (example: liquid temperature)  
Element #5: 4.5°C (T5)  
Element #4: 4.0°C (T4)  
Element #3: 2.0°C (T3)  
Element #2: 3.0°C (T2)  
Element #1: 3.5°C (T1)  
Formula: (T1*V1 + T2*V2 + T3*V3) / (V1 + V2 + V3) = Average temperature  
Note!  
V = # of additional volume factors and related parameters are determined at VH53,  
54 and 55.  
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Operation and Description of Instrument Function  
Average Temperature/Water Bottom Sensor and Converter  
Element #5: 4.5°C (T5)  
Element #4: 4.0°C (T4)  
2.0°C  
3.0°C  
3.5°C  
2.0°C  
3.0°C  
3.5°C  
2.0°C  
Element #3: 2.0°C (T3)  
Element #2: 3.0°C (T2)  
Element #1: 3.5°C (T1)  
2.0°C  
3.0°C  
= V (volume factor)  
(3.5°C x 2 + 3.0°C x 3 + 2.0°C x 4) / (2 + 3 + 4) = 2.67°C  
Spot  
The same number of elements (resistance and material) are located in each input cable  
in the probe. Average calculation is performed based on the sum of submerged element  
temperature values / total number of element submerged.  
to Converter  
Pt100 element #5:  
24.5°C (T5)  
Gas (Vapor) phase  
Pt100 element #4:  
24.0°C (T4)  
Liquid Level  
Pt100 element #3:  
Liquid phase  
26.0°C (T3)  
PT100 element #2:  
25.5°C (T2)  
Pt100 element #1:  
25.0°C (T1)  
input signal cable  
Probe end  
Liquid average temperature = (T1 + T2 + T3) / 3 = 25.5°C  
VH28 Lower Limit  
Item type: read and write  
Default value: -20.5°C  
RANGE: -999.9°C ~ 999.9°C  
Low limit temperature alarm setpoint.  
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4532  
Operation and Description of Instrument Function  
VH29 Upper Limit  
Item type: read and write  
Default value: 245°C  
Range: -999.9°C ~ 999.9°C  
Hi limit temperature alarm setpoint.  
8.1.4 Element Position 1: VH30 ~ VH35  
(VH36~VH39 is used only in 4539 ATC)  
VH30 ~VH39 Position 1 ~ 6 (7~10 is used only in 4539 ATC)  
Item type: read and write  
Range: 0mm ~ 99999mm  
Individual element position from tank bottom. Calculation is automatically performed  
when element spacing "Even" is selected at VH85.  
8.1.5 Element Position 2: VH40 ~ VH45 are not available in 4532 ATC  
VH46 Hysteresis Width  
Item type: read and write  
Default: 10mm  
Range: 0mm ~ 99999mm  
Element switching point hysteresis. The hysterisis is an offset value added to the liquid  
level when the level is increasing, and subtracted from the liquid level when the level is  
decreasing. This setting ensures that the temperature value from an uncovered  
temperature element is not used in calculating the average temperature.  
VH47 Clear Memory  
Item type: select  
Default: None (0)  
Selection: None, Clear  
Reset matrix parameter to default setting.  
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Operation and Description of Instrument Function  
Average Temperature/Water Bottom Sensor and Converter  
VH48 Gas Offset  
Item type: read and write  
Default: 300mm  
Range: 0mm ~ 99999mm  
A function to exclude specific element(s) from the gas (vapor) phase average  
temperature calculation when the uncovered element(s) is (are) within the entered value  
from the liquid level.  
To 4532 ATC Electric housing  
Temperature  
Element  
Gas phase  
VH48 GAS Offset  
300mm (default)  
Temp. element within this range will be  
excluded from Gas average calculation  
Liquid Level  
Liquid phase  
To Tank floor  
VH49 Liquid Offset  
Item type: read and write  
Default: 300mm  
Range: 0mm ~ 99999mm  
A function to exclude element (s) from the liquid phase average temperature calculation  
when the uncovered element(s) is (are) within the entered value from the liquid level.  
To 4532 ATC Electric housing  
Gas phase  
Temperature  
Element  
Liquid Level  
VH49 Liquid Offset:  
300mm (default)  
Temp. element within this range will be  
excluded from liquid average calculation  
Liquid phase  
To Tank floor  
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4532  
Operation and Description of Instrument Function  
8.1.6 WB primary and Advanced temp: VH50 ~ VH59  
VH53 Element Point  
Item type: select  
Default: 0  
Selection: 0 ~ 15 (element #1 = 0, element #6 = 5)  
Select element number for "Advanced" average calculation at VH26. Selected element  
position will be displayed on VH54 "Element Position" and allow modification of the  
volume factor at VH55 "Element Volume" for the specified element.  
VH54 Element Position  
Item type: read only  
Range: 0m ~ 99999mm  
A display of selected element position on VH53.  
VH55 Element Volume  
Item type: read and write  
Range: 1 ~ 99999.9  
For the selected element at VH53 "Element Point", extra volume can be added to the  
specified element for advanced average temperature calculation. (For details, refer to  
the description of VH26 "Select Average Method" on page 30)  
8.1.7 WB Adjustment and Operation Power: VH60 ~ VH69  
VH67 Common Voltage  
Item type: read only  
Range: 0 ~ 255 (0 ~ 3V)  
A display of temperature element line (both signal and common) running voltage. The  
detected voltage across the common line (between 0 ~ 3V) is converted to a range of  
0 ~ 255 counts when it is displayed.  
VH68 Output Current  
Item type: read and write  
Default: 16000 at 6mA  
Range: 0 ~ 65536  
Adjustment of 4532 ATC current consumption. In order to prevent current over-shoot  
within the multidrop HART loop, this function limits the 4532 ATC power consumption  
based on the set parameter. Normally, the 4532 ATC requires 6 mA or less current. Use  
a tester to check the current flow in the loop. Reducing this parameter makes the  
4532 ATC use less current.  
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Operation and Description of Instrument Function  
Average Temperature/Water Bottom Sensor and Converter  
VH69 Ref Voltage  
Item type: read and write  
Default: 200  
Range: 0 ~ 255  
This parameter is the setpoint for the 4532 ATC power supply failure alarm. The  
4532 ATC operates with a minimum 16 VDC supply voltage via the multi-drop HART  
loop under normal operating conditions. The 4532 ATC transmits an error message  
when the supply voltage drops below 16 VDC. The default value of 200 is equivalent to  
16 VDC.  
8.1.8 Temperature Adjustment: VH70 ~ VH79  
VH70 Element Select  
Item type: select  
Range: 0 ~ 19  
Allows selection of individual temperature elements for adjustment (0 = #1 element,  
5 = #6 element, 19 = reference 100 Ohm resistor). Detailed values and parameters of  
the selected element can be shown in:  
VH71 "Zero Adjust"  
VH73 "Temperature X"  
VH74 "Position X"  
VH75 "Resistance X"  
VH76 "Resistance Adj"  
VH71 Zero Adjust  
Item type: read and write  
Default: 0  
Range: -1000.0 ~ 1000.0  
Zero adjustment of the individual element selected at VH70. This value can be adjusted  
when the measured temperature of the selected element has a minor offset value as  
compared to a precision reference thermometer.  
For example: Selected element #2 indicates 25.4 °C. The reference thermometer  
indicates 25.2 °C. Enter "-0.2" in VH71. Element #2 now has a constant offset applied to  
the raw measurement.  
VH72 Adjust Span  
Item type: read and write  
Default: 1  
Range: 0.8 ~ 1.2  
This span adjustment applies to all installed temperature elements. This parameter is  
multiplied by the raw measurement for each individual element to calculate the  
calculated temperature for each individual element.  
Note!  
All of displayed individual temperature values are calculated based on the following  
formula.  
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4532  
Operation and Description of Instrument Function  
VH73: "Temperature X" = raw element temperature x span (VH72) + zero offset  
(VH71)  
VH73 Temperature X  
Item type: read only  
Specified element temperature selected at VH70. The displayed value is also indicated  
at individual element temperature at VH10 ~ VH25. The value is calculated based on  
formula indicated on above VH72.  
VH74 Position X  
Item type: read and write  
Range: 0mm ~ 99999mm  
The position of the element specified at VH70. The position of each element is entered  
when "Not Even" element spacing is selected at VH85.  
VH75 Resistance X  
Item type: read only  
The display of the specified element resistance selected at VH70.  
VH76 Resistance Adj.  
Item type: read and write  
Default: 0  
Range: -1000.0 ~ 1000.0  
Adjustment of specified element resistance at VH70. Minor resistance adjustment can  
be applied on the reading value.  
Note!  
e.g. If selected element #5 indicates 100.3 Ohm, and reference precision resistor  
indicates 100.0 Ohm at the same environmental condition, then set "-0.3" in this  
matrix. #5 element now has constant artificial -0.3°C offset resistance based on raw  
measurement.  
VH77 Element Type  
Item type: select  
Selection: Pt100 (must be selected in 4532 ATC)  
Note!  
The 4532 ATC always consists of "Pt100" elements with "Spot" element layout. Do  
not attempt to change these parameters.  
VH78 Average Number  
Item type: read and write  
Default: 1  
Range: 1 ~ 10  
Number of samples for calculating the average temperature. Increasing this parameter  
will prevent erratic changes in the calculated value.  
Caution!  
Additional sampling # will cause slower reaction time on value switch over. Maxi-  
mum 1 sampling sequence will take approximately 2 sec. {total 11 elements (6 temp  
elements and 5 times for 3 reference resistors)}  
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Operation and Description of Instrument Function  
Average Temperature/Water Bottom Sensor and Converter  
VH79 Protect Code  
Item type: read and write  
Default: 0  
Range: 0 ~ 999  
Access code 530 required to modify parameters.  
Device setting 1: VH80 ~ VH89  
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4532  
Operation and Description of Instrument Function  
VH80: Present Error  
Item type: read only  
Display of current error message. One of the following codes will be indicated:  
Error code  
0: No error presence  
1: Common line open  
2: undetermined  
3: #1 element open  
4: #1 element short  
5: #2 element open  
6: #2 element short  
7: #3 element open  
8: #3 element short  
9: #4 element open  
10: #4 element short  
11: #5 element open  
12: #5 element short  
13: #6 element open  
14: #6 element short  
23: #0 element over range  
24: Memory defect (ROM)  
29: Element exposed (liquid level below #1 element position)  
30: undetermined  
31: undetermined  
41: Memory defect (RAM)  
42: Memory defect (EEROM)  
VH81 Temperature Unit  
Item type: select  
Default: °C  
Selection: C, F, K  
Selection of temperature display unit. Based on universal HART setting, °C(HART code:  
32), °F(HART code: 33) and °K(HART code: 35) are available.  
Note!  
Selection of temperature display unit only applies to reply data from 4532 ATC. Data  
transmission from host gauge (4590 TSM or 6000 Series Servo Tank Gauge) to  
4532 ATC must be performed by °C unit only (terminology of HART command 133)  
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Operation and Description of Instrument Function  
Average Temperature/Water Bottom Sensor and Converter  
VH82 Element Number  
Item type: read and write  
Default: 2  
Range: 1 ~ 6  
Number of available temperature elements.  
Do not change the default parameter on the 4532 ATC. The number of elements on this  
version is pre-determined by the customer's choice. It may cause faulty calculation or  
an inappropriate error display.  
VH83 No. of Preambles  
Item type: read and write  
Default: 5  
Range: 2 ~ 20  
Number of preambles for HART communication.  
VH84 Distance Unit  
Item type: select  
Default: mm  
Selection: ft., m, inch, mm  
Selection of level display unit. It applies to liquid level display on VH02 "Liquid Level".  
Level units are coded based on universal HART setting, ft. (HART code: 44), m (HART  
code: 45), inch (HART code: 47), mm (HART code: 49).  
VH85 Kind of Interval  
Item type: select  
Default: Even Interval  
Selection: Even Interval (always "Even" for 4532 ATC)  
Selection of element interval depending on spacing layout.  
Caution!  
Do not change this parameter on the 4539 ATC Converter + Temperature version  
unless repairing. The type of Interval and individual element positions are physically  
determined at factory.  
VH86 Bottom Point  
Item type: read and write  
Default: 500mm  
Range: 0mm ~ 99999mm  
Position of #1 element. The #1 element position becomes critically important when  
"Even Interval" is selected at VH85 because remaining element positions rely on the  
location of the Bottom Point.  
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4532  
Operation and Description of Instrument Function  
VH87 Element Interval  
Item type: read and write  
Default: 1000mm  
Range: 0mm ~ 99999mm  
Applies only when Even Interval spacing is selected.  
Caution!  
Changing element interval, setting element position, these are only applied to recon-  
figure switching points for average temperature calculation. The physical element  
position will never be changed.  
VH88 Short Error  
Item type: read and write  
Default: -49.5  
Range: -49.5 ~ 359.5  
Error message displayed when any element has a short circuit. Method of display can be  
configured at VH92 "Error Display Select."  
VH89 Open Error  
Item type: read write  
Default: 359.9  
Range: -49.5 ~ 359.5  
Error element displayed when any element has an open circuit. Method of display can be  
configured at VH92 "Error Display Select."  
8.1.9 Device setting 2: VH90~VH99  
VH90 Device ID Number  
Item type: read and write  
Default: 0  
Range: 0 ~ 16777214  
In order to distinguish own device ID when 4532 ATC is connected in multi drop HART  
loop.  
Caution!  
Changing device ID may lead to communication error because of mismatched pre-  
registered device ID and HART address.  
VH91 Previous Error  
Item type: read only  
Display of error history. Coded error message will be the same contents as VH80.  
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Operation and Description of Instrument Function  
Average Temperature/Water Bottom Sensor and Converter  
VH92 Error Dis. Sel.  
Item type: select  
Default: 0_OFF  
Selection: 0_OFF, 1_ON  
Type of VH88 "Short Error Value" and VH89 "Open Error Value" display selection.  
0_OFF: These 2 error messages will not be transmitted to the connected host gauge.  
This function automatically excludes defect element in average temperature calculation.  
1_ON: Error message will be transmitted to the host gauge. As a result, VH88 and 89"s  
numeric error code will be displayed on host gauge default screen and may transmit to  
upper receiver as well.  
VH94 Polling Address  
Item type: read and write  
Default: 2  
Range: 1 ~ 15  
Polling address for HART communication  
VH95 Manufacture ID  
Item type: read only  
Default: 17  
The manufacturer ID for Endress+Hauser instrumentation.  
VH96 Software Version:  
Item type: read only  
A display of installed software version.  
VH97 Hardware Version  
Item type: read only  
A display of installed hardware version.  
VH98 Below Bottom  
Item type: select  
Default: 0_OFF  
Selection: 0_OFF, 1_ON  
A type of error display when liquid level drops below #1 element (Bottom Point). Error  
code "29" is displayed on VH80 and VH91 when 0_ON is selected.  
VH99 Device Type Code  
Item type: read only  
Device type will be displayed.  
190: Temperature measurement function only.  
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4532  
Maintenance  
9 Maintenance  
The 4532 ATC Average temperature instrument requires no special maintenance.  
9.1  
9.2  
Exterior cleaning  
When cleaning the 4532 ATC, always use cleaning agents that do not attack the surface  
of the housing and the seals.  
Repairs  
The Varec repair concept assumes that the measuring devices have a modular design  
and that customers are able to undertake repairs themselves. Spare parts are contained  
in suitable kits. They contain the related replacement instructions. All the spare parts  
kits which you can order from Varec for repairs to the 4532 ATC are listed with their  
order numbers on later pages. Please contact Varec Service for further information on  
service and spare parts.  
9.3  
Repairs to Ex-approved devices  
When carrying out repairs to Ex-approved devices, please note the following:  
Repairs to Ex-approved devices may only be carried out by trained personnel or by  
Varec Service.  
Comply with the prevailing standards, national Ex-area regulations, safety  
instructions (XA) and certificates.  
Only use original spare parts from Varec.  
When ordering a spare part, please note the device designation on the nameplate.  
Only replace parts with identical parts.  
Carry out repairs according to the instructions. On completion of repairs, carry out  
the specified routine test on the device.  
Only Varec Service may convert a certified device into a different certified variant.  
Document all repair work and conversions.  
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Maintenance  
Average Temperature/Water Bottom Sensor and Converter  
9.4 Replacement  
After a complete 4532 ATC electronic module has been replaced, the parameters must  
be manually re-entered to the replaced new module in order to maintain the proper  
operation. Measurement can continue without having to carry out a new setup.  
The following matrix parameters should be confirmed after replacement of the  
electronics.  
GVH  
443  
Contents  
Level Data Selection  
460-469  
470  
Element Position No. 1-9  
(to select elements 10-15)  
(to adjust position of element selected at GVH=470)  
Total No. elements  
474  
482  
485  
Kind of Interval  
486  
Bottom point  
487  
Element Interval (If GVH=485 is "Equal")  
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4532  
Troubleshooting  
10 Troubleshooting  
10.1 System error messages  
Code  
1
Description  
Possible cause  
Remedy  
Common line open  
Element open  
Ground (common) line has open  
circuit. All temperature element  
signals will be disabled or  
inaccurate.  
Check connector  
attachment on the module;  
then check continuity on  
common (black & white)  
cable  
3~39  
4~40  
Temperature element signal  
cable  
( #1 ~ 6) has open circuit.  
Check connector  
attachment on the module;  
then check continuity on  
pointed signal cable (#1 ~  
6)  
Element short  
Temperature element signal  
cable  
( #1 ~ 6) has short circuit.  
Disengage connector from  
the module; then check  
continuity on pointed  
signal cable (#1 ~ 6)  
23  
24  
#0 element over  
range  
When reference #0 element has  
more than ±1.1°C deviation  
from 0°C.  
Check power supply  
voltage on 4532 ATC HART  
terminal H+ and H-  
Memory defect  
(ROM)  
When a defect was discovered  
during whole memory  
Replace main CPU board  
parameter check. Cyclic data  
comparison between previous  
check sum to current one.  
29  
32  
Element exposed  
Low power supply  
Liquid level dropped below #1  
element position.  
No liquid temperature  
measurement is available.  
Supply voltage on multi drop  
HART loop to 4532 ATC is below  
16VDC from designated host  
instrument.  
Check power supply on the  
host instrument and  
consumption of connected  
loop powered HART device  
41  
42  
Memory defect  
(RAM)  
Fault during Write and Read  
sequence, not completed.  
Replace main CPU board  
Memory defect  
(EEROM)  
Fault during Write and Read  
sequence, not completed.  
Check the write command  
itself that is acceptable to  
4532 ATC; if command is  
OK, replace main CPU  
board  
These error codes are displayed on the ToF tool display when the ToF tool is properly  
connected. For details regarding the error display on host instrument, please refer to  
documentation of 4590 TSM or 6000 Series Servo Tank Gauge.  
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Troubleshooting  
Average Temperature/Water Bottom Sensor and Converter  
10.2 Spare parts  
Spare parts are contained in kits. Spare parts which you can order from Varec for the  
4532 ATC are shown with their order numbers in the diagram below. For more  
information on service and spare parts, contact Varec.  
70106024  
017803-0043  
70106026  
58020200  
017802-0008  
017803-0044  
Cover, El-housing M88 long type  
O-ring, EPDM 88-d3  
70106024  
017803-0043  
70106026  
58020200  
Module assembly(Temp. V187)  
Terminal+EMC filter assy.  
017802-0008 Cover, (T3) M77  
O-ring, EPDM 73-d3  
017803-0044  
Figure 10-1:Spare Parts  
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4532  
Accessories  
11 Accessories  
11.1 Anchor weight (Tall profile)  
Caution!  
Installation of anchor weight will cause element position #1 (the lowest temperature  
measurement position) to be raised approximately 500 mm (20") from the tank floor.  
Material  
Weight: SS400 mild carbon steel  
Ring: SS400 mild carbon steel  
Weight  
approx. 16kg  
120mm (4.72")  
Figure 11-1:Anchor weight dimension  
Different dimension, weight, and material anchor are also available. Consult your Varec  
representative for further details.  
11.2 Anchor weight (Low profile)  
The low profile anchor weight is a version for an existing tank installation with a small  
nozzle opening for converter and temperature version.  
Material  
Weight: JIS SS400 mild carbon steel  
Ring: JIS SS400 mild carbon steel  
Weight  
approx. 12kg  
1000mm (39.37")  
47mm  
(1.85")  
41mm  
(1.61")  
Figure 11-2:Low profile anchor weight dimension  
Varec, Inc.  
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Accessories  
Average Temperature/Water Bottom Sensor and Converter  
11.3 Wire hook, Top anchor  
Anchor weights are supplied with SUS316 standard 3 mm diameter tension wire for  
attaching anchor weight to temperature probe.  
Material  
Weight: SS400 mild carbon steel  
I-bolt: SS400 mild carbon steel  
Weight  
approx. 1.5kg  
150 (5.91")  
(7.87")  
70 (2.76")  
200  
Figure 11-3:Wire hook dimension  
Actual tensioning can be completed with SUS316 stranded 3 mm diameter tension wire  
between Wire hook and Top anchor. Based on the application and installation variable,  
type of wire & size, material, and special coatings are available. Please consult your  
Varec representative for further details.  
Material  
Exterior:ADC(aluminium)  
Internal parts: Carbon steel  
Weight  
Approx. 1.2kg  
(2.05")  
52  
PT1"  
Figure 11-4:Top anchor dimension  
Note!  
The standard process connection of the Top anchor is NPT1" threaded connection.  
Different thread size, material, and specification are available. Flange type connec-  
tion is also available.  
50  
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4532  
Technical data  
12 Technical data  
Technical data at a glance:  
Application  
Application  
The 4532 ATC performs precise liquid and gas phase average  
temperature measurement in bulk storage tank applications.  
Standard 2" flange installation  
Overall 18.5m temperature measurement range  
Function and system design  
Measuring principle  
Temperature measurement  
Up to 6 elements spaced evenly over the length of the flexible  
tube.  
Pt100, Class A elements  
Input  
Measured variable  
Temperature measurement  
Temperature conversion range: -20 ~ +100°C  
Measuring range  
Output  
-20 ~ +100°C (-4 ~ 212°F)  
Output signal  
Signal on alarm  
HART protocol (multi drop HART loop connection)  
Error information can be accessed via the following interfaces and  
transmitted digital protocol (refer to the operation manuals on  
following instruments)  
Tank Side monitor 4590 TSM  
6000 Series Servo Tank Gauge  
Auxiliary energy  
Load HART  
Minimum load for HART communication: 250 W  
see technical document  
Cable entry  
Supply voltage  
Current consumption  
16 ~ 30VDC (on multi drop HART loop)  
Less than 6mA  
Performance characteristics  
Reference operating  
conditions  
temperature = +25 °C (77 °F) ±5 °C (9 °F)  
pressure = 1013 mbar abs. (14.7 psia) ±20 mbar (0.3 psi)  
relative humidity (air) = 65 % ± 20%  
Maximum measured  
error  
Typical statements for reference conditions, include linearity,  
repeatability, and hysteresis:  
Linearity:  
Temperature: ±0.15°C (0.27°F) + number of element deviation  
(based on IEC class A standard)  
Varec, Inc.  
51  
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Technical data  
Average Temperature/Water Bottom Sensor and Converter  
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4532  
Order Structure  
A Order Structure  
10  
20  
30  
Protection class  
7
FM, IS class1, Div.1, Gr. A-D  
B
ATEX, EEx [ia] IIB T4 -T6  
Cable entry  
B
Thread NPT 1/2  
D
Thread M20  
Process connection (SUS304)  
1
2
9
2" 150lbs RF, 304 flange ANSI B16.5  
DN50 PN0 B1, 304 flange EN1092-1 (DIN2527 C)  
Special version, to be specified  
40  
Element #, Interval, Probe range (Below flange to end of probe)  
022 ...mm; 2x Pt100; 2 m (min 2,500 mm, max 4,500 mm)  
032 ...mm; 3x Pt100; 2 m (min 4,500 mm, max 6,500 mm)  
042 ...mm; 4x Pt100; 2 m (min 6,500 mm, max 8,500 mm)  
052 ...mm; 5x Pt100; 2 m (min 8,500 mm, max 10,500 mm)  
062 ...mm; 6x Pt100; 2 m (min10,500 mm, max 12,500 mm)  
023 ...mm; 2x Pt100; 3 m (min 3,500 mm, max 6,500 mm)  
033 ...mm; 3x Pt100; 3 m (min 6,500 mm, max 9,500 mm)  
043 ...mm; 4x Pt100; 3 m (min 9,500 mm, max 12,500 mm)  
053 ...mm; 5x Pt100; 3 m (min 12,500 mm, max 15,500 mm)  
063 ...mm; 6x Pt100; 3 m (min 15,500 mm, max 18,500 mm)  
50  
Specific probe length, Length within selected item at Pos. 040(UP to max. 18,500)  
A
B
C
D
Not selected  
Anchor weight, tall profile  
Anchor weight, low profile  
Tensioning wire, wire hook, top anchor  
4532 -  
Complete product designation  
Varec, Inc.  
53  
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Order Structure  
Average Temperature/Water Bottom Sensor and Converter  
54  
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4532  
Declaration of Contamination Form  
B Declaration of Contamination Form  
Declaration of Contamination  
For the safety of our employees and operating equipment, we require that you fill out this form and return it to  
Varec with your signature before we can fulfill your order. Please include the completed form with the device and  
shipping documents, along with safety sheets and/or specific handling instructions if appropriate.  
Type of device/sensor:  
Medium/concentration:  
Cleaned with:  
Serial no.:  
Temperature:  
Conductivity:  
Pressure:  
Viscosity:  
Warnings for returned device (mark the appropriate symbols)  
radioactive  
explosive  
caustic  
poisonous  
harmful to  
health  
biologically  
hazardous  
inflammable  
safe  
Reason for return  
Company data  
Company  
Contact person  
Department  
Phone  
Address  
FAX / e-mail  
Order number  
I hereby certify that the returned equipment has been cleaned and decontaminated according to standard  
industrial practices and is in compliance with all regulations. This equipment poses no health or safety risks due  
to contamination.  
Place, date  
Company stamp and signature  
Varec, Inc., an SAIC Company  
5834 Peachtree Corners East, Norcross (Atlanta), GA 30092 USA  
Tel: +1 (770) 447-9202 Fax: +1 (770) 662-8939  
Varec, Inc.  
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Declaration of Contamination Form  
Average Temperature/Water Bottom Sensor and Converter  
56  
Installation and Operations Manual  
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Index  
Average Temperature/Water Bottom Sensor and Converter  
58  
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4532  
NOTES  
Varec, Inc.  
59  
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Your official representative  
Varec, Inc.  
5834 Peachtree Corners East, Norcross (Atlanta), GA 30092 USA  
Tel: +1 (770) 447-9202 Fax: +1 (770) 662-8939  
© Varec, Inc. An SAIC Company. All Rights Reserved. This document is for information purposes only. Varec, Inc.  
makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary. The names of actual companies and products mentioned  
herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.  
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