Sony Portable CD Player MINIDISC User Manual

MINIDISC MANUAL  
V3.0E  
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Introduction  
The quick random access of Compact Disc players has become a necessity for  
music lovers. The high quality of digital sound is now the norm. The future  
of personal audio must meet the above criteria and more.  
That’s why Sony has created the MiniDisc, a revolutionary evolution in the  
field of digital audio based on an advanced miniature optical disc.  
The MD offers consumers the quick random access, durability and high  
sound quality of optical media, as well as superb compactness, shock-  
resistant portability and recordability. In short, the MD format has been  
created to meet the needs of personal music entertainment in the future.  
Based on a dazzling array of new technologies, the MiniDisc offers a new  
lifestyle in personal audio enjoyment.  
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The Features  
1. The MiniDisc System  
1.1. The Features  
With the MiniDisc, Sony has created a revolutionary optical disc. It offers all the features  
that music fans have been waiting for.  
Quick Random Access  
The MiniDisc offers quick random access to the music selection or phrase of your  
choice; something only a disc is capable of.  
Total Durability  
The MiniDisc can never stretch, break or tangle like cassette tapes. Since the free  
floating optical pick-up never touches the surface, scratches are impossible.  
Superb Compactness  
The MiniDisc itself is only approximately 64 mm in diameter, and the cartridge is  
72 x 68 x 5 mm. And because the MiniDisc is smaller, so is the MiniDisc player.  
Shock-Resistant Portability  
The MiniDisc is resistant against shocks and vibrations. New technology, using an  
advanced semiconductor memory, provides almost total shock resistance so there  
is no skipping and jitter even while jogging or driving.  
Easy to Handle  
The disc is protected in a cartridge. It is easy to handle and the ideal sound carrier for  
mobile use.  
Unsurpassed Digital Sound  
The MiniDisc is based on the same noiseless and distortion-free digital recording  
technology as the compact disc. So whether you are recording your own or listening  
to prerecorded music, you have the optimum in audio quality wherever you go.  
Recordable Disc  
4 Track Recording: “A disc which records” is every music fans dream come true.  
The MiniDisc offers about 74 minutes digital recording on one tiny disc.  
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What it is and How it works  
is special. Prerecorded music packages require a  
label, featuring the artists picture or other infor-  
mation – for it is the artwork that most often  
captures the buyers eye. Therefore the top face  
of the cartridge is left completely free for the  
label. A window for the laser beam to read the  
disc is only necessary on the bottom face.  
1.2. What it is and How it Works  
Two Kinds of MiniDiscs are Available:  
Premastered MiniDiscs for  
Music Software  
Premastered MiniDiscs are used most commonly  
for music and are sold in record stores just the  
same as compact cassettes and CDs are.  
Recordable MiniDiscs  
Magneto-optical (MO) technology forms the heart  
of the recordable MiniDisc technology. Not only  
are MO discs durable enough to withstand being  
rerecorded about 1 million times, they also have a  
life expectancy approaching that of CDs.  
MiniDiscs, just like CDs, are manufactured in  
large volumes by high-speed injection molders,  
and the music signals are recorded during repli-  
cation in the form of pits.  
Forget the times when you would worry about  
cassette tapes becoming worn out or wrinkled.  
Moreover, the discs are encased in a cartridge, so  
there is no worry about their being scratched.  
The design of the premastered MiniDisc cartridges  
When recording the MO discs, a laser beam must  
be focused onto the magnetic layer from behind  
while a magnetic field is applied to the front. For  
this reason, the cartridges for recordable MiniDiscs  
have a read/write window on both sides.  
MiniDisc Pick-up Technology  
Optical Pick-up of MD Player:  
MD  
0
1
0
1
R
e
k
a
c
c
o
tr  
r
di  
ng  
Objective Lens  
Polarized  
beam splitter  
Photo Detector A  
High intensity  
Low intensity  
MO signal  
Pit signal  
+
-
Cross sectional view  
of recording track  
+
+
Laser Beam  
Laser  
Laser  
Photo Detector B  
Recordable disc  
Premastered disc  
is focused onto the magnetic layer. The magnetic  
signal on the disc affects the polarization of the  
reflected beam. The direction of polarization is  
converted into light intensity by the MO signal  
readout analyzer. Depending on the direction of  
polarization one of the two photodiodes will  
detect more light. The electrical signals from the  
photodiodes are subtracted and depending on  
whether the difference is positive or negative, a  
“1” or “0” signal is read.  
The optical pick-up developed for the MD system  
has the remarkable ability to read both recorda-  
ble and premastered MiniDiscs. For recordable  
discs, the pick-up detects the magnetic structure  
along the track. For premastered optical discs, it  
detects the geometric structure along the track.  
The MD system is based on the design of the  
standard CD pick-up with the addition of a MO  
signal readout analyzer and two photodiodes.  
During playback of recordable discs a 0.5mW laser  
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What it is and How it Works  
The same 0.5mW laser is used for the playback of  
premastered optical discs. The amount of light  
reflected depends on whether or not a pit exists  
on the surface of the disc. If there is no pit, a  
high proportion of the light is reflected back  
through the beam splitter and analyzer into the  
photodiodes. If a pit does exist, some of the light  
is diffracted and less light reaches the photodi-  
odes. The electrical signals from the photodiodes  
are added up in this case and depending on the  
sum, a “1” or “0” is read.  
layer in the disc is heated by the laser to a tem-  
perature above the Curie point (approximately  
200° C), it temporarily looses its coercive force.  
As the disc rotates and the irradiated domain  
returns to normal temperature, its magnetic ori-  
entation is determined by an externally applied  
magnetic field. Polarities of “N” and “S” can  
thus be recorded, corresponding to digital data  
“1” and “0”.  
Unlike conventional MO rewrite mechanisms, the  
”Sony MD overwrite system” positions a magne-  
tic head directly accross from the laser source on  
the opposite side of the disc. A magnetic field  
corresponding to the input signal is generated  
over the laser spot. The rotation of the disc then  
displaces the area to be recorded, allowing the  
temperature at the spot to drop back below the  
Curie point. At that point, the domain takes on  
the polarity of the applied magnetic field regard-  
less of the polarity that previously existed.  
Overwrite Technology  
In order to meet the requirements of a compact,  
lightweight, recordable audio system for perso-  
nal use, the MD system employs a newly develo-  
ped Sony magneto-optical (MO) disc that utilizes  
magnetic field modulation with direct “overwri-  
te” capability. With MO disc technology, the  
recording of data requires the use of a laser and  
a polarizing magnetic field. When the magnetic  
Head Drive signal  
1
Overwrite Mechanism  
0
Recording Head  
Magnetic field of  
Recording Head  
Cross section of  
MO-Layer with  
magnetic pattern  
Move direction of Disc  
New  
Laser Beam  
Old  
Top view  
of one Track  
N
S
N
S
S
N
S
N
Frozen magnetic pattern  
after cooling below  
Curie Point  
Heated area by Laser  
above Curie Point  
(erased magnetic pattern)  
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What it is and How it Works  
Quick Random Access  
1. Ordinary Method:  
Reprogramming the  
Order of Music  
Music Data and Order are Recorded Time-Wise  
A: Before Rearranging  
Inner Edge  
A
B C  
D E  
F
G
H
Outer Edge  
Disc Signal  
Lead in  
Lead in  
1
2
3
2
4
3
Lead out  
Lead out  
B: After Rearranging  
1
Rearranged Area  
2. MiniDisc:  
A: Before Rearranging  
Music Data and Order are Recorded Area-Wise  
Only Music Data is Recorded  
Disc Signal  
Lead in  
Lead out  
UTOC  
UTOC Data TNO  
1
START  
A
STOP  
B
2
3
4
C
E
G
D
F
H
B: After Rearranging (No Change of Music Data)  
Connecting two Tracks:  
Rearranged Area  
Lead in  
Only Music Data is Recorded  
UTOC  
Lead out  
UTOC Data TNO  
1
START  
A
STOP  
D
2
3
E
F
G
H
Additional Reprogramming the Order:  
TNO  
1
START  
A
STOP  
D
2
3
G
E
H
F
stable and quick random access, as well as a variety  
of optional features, including programming of  
the playback sequence e.g.: rearranging the  
sequence of the titles recorded on the MD without  
rerecording of the music information in a matter of  
seconds.  
The ease of quick random access was made possi-  
ble by the development of the Compact Disc (CD).  
The CD instantaneously provides random access to  
the beginning of any desired music selection. After  
using a CD player, the time to reach the music sel-  
ection of your choice with cassette tape players  
seems extremely cumbersome.  
This is possible because of the “User TOC Area”,  
located around the inner edge of the microgroove,  
which only contains the order of the music. This  
system is similar to the “directory management  
system” of floppy discs. In other words, starting  
and ending addresses for all music tracks recorded  
on the disc are stored in this area, enabling easy  
programming just by rewriting the addresses. This  
supports also other features: it is possible to erase  
a track out of a sequence and during playback no  
gap in the remaining music will be heard. The era-  
sed segment is allocated to the free space – it is  
possible to record a piece of music independent of  
the number of segments used.  
The MiniDisc provides the same high-speed random  
access for recordable discs as well as for premaste-  
red discs. In addition, the recordable MiniDisc has a  
circumferential microgroove or ”pre-groove”, which  
is formed when the polycarbonate substrate is injec-  
tion molded. This pre-groove is the basis for the  
tracking servo and spindle servo operation during  
recording or playback.  
Address information is recorded at intervals of 13.3  
milliseconds using a technology that places infinite-  
simal zigzags on this pre-groove. Therefore, the  
disc has all the addresses already notched along the  
groove even with no recording. The result is a  
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What it is and How it Works  
Threshold of Hearing:  
ATRAC Digital Audio Compression  
Technology  
As sound level diminishes, there is a level below  
which the human ear cannot detect. This thres-  
hold varies with frequency. The threshold of  
audibility is lowest for sounds with a frequency  
of approximately 4kHz; that is, sounds close to  
this frequency are most easily detected by the  
ear. By analyzing the frequency components of  
an audio signal, it is possible to identify those  
components that lie below the threshold of hea-  
ring. Such components can be removed from  
the original signal without affecting perceived  
sound quality.  
In order to provide approximately 74 minutes of  
music on the 2.5-inch MiniDisc, a digital audio  
compression technology called “ATRAC” (Adaptive  
Transform Acoustic Coding) has been newly deve-  
loped. This technology compresses information  
down to approximately one fifth of the amount of  
data usually required.  
In 16-bit linear encoding, currently used in the CD  
and DAT formats, with a sampling frequency of  
44.1 kHz, the analog signal is sampled approxim  
ately once every 0.02 milliseconds. Each sample is  
quantized at 16-bit resolution into one of 65536  
possible values. Therefore, with CD and DAT, when  
the analog signal is converted to digital data in real  
time, 16 bits of data are used every 0.02 millise-  
conds, regardless of the amplitude of the signal and  
whether or not a signal is present at all.  
Masking Effect:  
If two sounds, one loud and the other soft, are  
produced simultaneously and they are close to  
one another in frequency, the softer sound be-  
comes difficult or even impossible to hear.  
Therefore, when an audio signal has a high level  
component and a low level component at neigh-  
bouring frequencies, the latter can be removed  
without affecting perceived sound quality.  
Moreover, with increasing overall signal amplitu-  
de, it becomes possible to remove a greater num-  
ber of components without audible effect.  
Waveform analysis:  
Level  
512 Samples  
0.02 msec  
Time  
11.6 msec  
analyze the waveform  
during approx  
11.6 msec into  
frequency components  
Psychoacoustic principles:  
Frequency F1  
Level  
Sampling Distribution and Acoustic Effect  
Threshold of  
Frequency F4  
Level  
Hearing  
Masking Effect  
Frequency Fn  
Level  
F1  
50  
F4 F6  
400  
Fn  
4k  
20k  
ATRAC starts with the same 16-bit digital data but  
analyzes segments of the data for waveform content  
every 11.6 msec. Based on this analysis, ATRAC  
extracts and encodes only those frequency compo-  
nents that are actually audible to the human ear.  
Sampling from ATRAC and its Level  
This method of encoding is far more efficient than  
the linear coding technique used for CD and DAT,  
yet sound quality remains comparable. The following  
underlying psychoacoustic principles are used during  
this conversion.  
F1 F4 F6  
400  
Fn  
4k  
50  
20k  
Freq. (Hz)  
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What it is and How it Works  
Shock-Resistant Memory  
Shock-Resistant Memory  
Conventional optical pick-up systems can easily  
mistrack when subjected to shock or vibration. In  
digital audio CDs, this causes “skipping” or  
muting. Resistance to shock and vibration is a vir-  
tual prerequisite for true portable personal audio  
applications. In the MD system, Sony has solved  
this problem with a unique shock-resistant  
memory.  
buffer memory. As long as the pick-up returns to  
the correct position within 10 seconds, the  
listener never experiences mistracking or muting.  
Since signals enter the buffer memory faster than  
they leave it, the buffer will eventually become  
full. At that point, the MD player momentarily  
stops reading information from the disc; it resu-  
mes reading as soon as there is again room in the  
memory chip.  
While the MD pick-up can read information off  
the disc at a rate of 1.4Mbit per second, the  
ATRAC decoder requires a data rate of only  
0.3Mbit per second for real time playback. This  
difference in processing speed enables the use of  
a readahead buffer, placed between the pick-up  
and the decoder. If a 4Mbit memory chip is used  
for the buffer, it can store up to 10 seconds of  
digital information. Should the pick-up be jarred  
out of position, the correct information continues  
to be supplied to the ATRAC decoder from the  
Using a concept called sector repositioning, the  
MD pick-up has the ability to quickly resume rea-  
ding from the correct point after being displaced.  
When signals are recorded on the MiniDisc (either  
recordable MO or premastered optical media),  
address information is assigned every 13.3 milli-  
seconds. When a pick-up is shifted out of place,  
the MD player quickly recognizes the disruption,  
identifies the wrong address, and instantly returns  
the pick-up to the correct position.  
1.4 Mbit / sec  
Optical Pick-up  
4 Mbit Memory  
0.3 Mbit / sec  
Decoder  
D/A converter  
Amplifier  
Digital Music Data  
Analog Music Data  
Flow of Music Data  
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What it is and How it Works  
Sony MiniDisc System  
Specifications  
1.3. Serial Copy Management  
System (SCMS)  
The MD conforms to the SCMS convention (see ISO-  
958 + Amendment 84 (C. O.) 126 and 126A). The  
Serial Copy Management System allows to make a  
first digital copy from digital sources. Further digital  
copies from protected sources are prevented, copies  
in the analog domain remain possible.  
Channels:  
2 (Stereo)  
5 - 20.000 Hz  
105 dB  
Frequency Response:  
Dynamic Range:  
Wow- and Flutter:  
Sampling Frequency:  
Coding System:  
Unmeasurable  
44.1 kHz  
1.4. Serial Copy Management  
System (SCMS)  
The premastered MD has following additional  
advantages:  
ATRAC System  
EFM  
The data is stored in physical pits and is therefore  
never erased unless it is mechanically destroyed.  
Modulation System:  
The label area is larger than the one of the record-  
able MD. The entire area of one side can be used  
for labeling. The recordable MD has a shutter on  
both sides and its label is relatively small.  
Error Correction System: CIRC  
Disc Speed:  
1.2 - 1.4 m/sec (CLV)  
• The premastered MD contains valuable character  
information (e.g. disc & track names) which will  
not be transferred during copying.  
Record/Playback Time:  
Cartridge Size:  
Disc Diameter:  
about 74 minutes  
72 x 68 x 5 mm  
64 mm  
• The subdata capacity of the premastered MD is  
bigger. So it is possible to record more character  
information onto the MD.  
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MD Production  
2. The production process of the premastered MD  
2.1. MD Production  
1
2
3
4
5
6
Input  
Pre-  
Mastering  
Disc  
Cartridge  
Assembly  
Packaging  
Material  
Mastering  
Replication  
➡  
1. Input Material  
DADC requires following input components from customers:  
• A MD master tape or a sound carrier as for CD production (e.g. PQ-encoded U-Matic 1630).  
• Print films, as well as colour proofs, for artwork, label- and cartridge print.  
Completely filled in form sheets (sample forms 1, 2 & 3 on pages 14, 15 & 18, form sheets in appendix).  
Production can be started as soon as all necessary components have arrived.  
2. Premastering  
At the premastering studio the CD-Master tape is converted to a MD-Master tape. This means  
that the audio information is compressed by a Format Converter using the ATRAC compression  
technology. Also the PQ-code is converted to MD specific data and optional subdata (POS*, disc  
name, track name) can be added. All information then is recorded onto a MD Master.  
3. Mastering  
A nickel stamper for MD replication is produced in the same process as for CD. A glass plate is coated  
with a thin layer of photo lacquer. A laser spot records the data from the MD Master into the photo  
lacquer. The nickel negatives which are produced from the developed plate are used to replicate the MD.  
4. Disc Replication  
The replication process of the MD is the same as for CD. After creating a disc by using high  
precision molding technology, the MD is coated with a thin layer of aluminum as reflective media,  
and subsequently with protective lacquer to protect it against damage. Then the coated discs are  
100% quality inspected.  
5. Cartridge Assembly  
As the first step in the finishing process, the cartridge is prepared with a paper label glued onto the  
front and other information printed in white on the back and spine. After the clamping plate has  
been mounted onto the MD, the MD is set into the cartridge halves and the cartridge is welded.  
6. Packaging  
Packaging is done very similar to CD packaging, with a booklet and a backline card added to the  
MD in a special MD jewel case.  
* point of sales data.  
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MD Components  
2.2. MD Components  
The MD consists of the following components:  
UpperCartridge(e.g.Polycarbonate)
Label(Paper)
Disc(e.g.Polycarbonate)
ClampingPlate(e.g.StainlessSteel)
ShutterLock(e.g.POM)
Shutter(e.g.POM)
LowerCartridge(e.g.Polycarbonate)
AssembledMiniDisc
WARNING: All Rights Reserved.  
Tray(e.g.Polycarbonate)
BacklineCard(Paper)
BOOKLET  
BACKLINER  
MDJewelCase(e.g.Polycarbonate)
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MD Components  
1. Upper Cartridge  
The upper cartridge is made of grey plastics (e.g. polycarbonate). Its purpose is to protect the MD  
against mechanical damage or dust. The upper cartridge also forms the spine on which the disc ID  
information will be printed in white ink.  
2. Label  
The paper label is glued onto the upper cartridge.  
3. Disc  
The disc is manufactured in the same way as CDs are. It has a polycarbonate layer which contains  
the data. A thin layer of aluminum is used as reflective media, which is protected by a protective  
layer against destruction.  
4. Clamping Plate  
The clamping plate is made of magnetic stainless steel. This steel plate allows to stabilize the MD  
from the bottom side with a magnetic chuck. Therefore the MD does not require a hole in the upper  
cartridge and so almost the complete surface of the upper cartridge can be used for the label.  
5. Shutter Lock:  
It is made of plastics (e.g. POM) and locks the shutter in the close position.  
6. Shutter:  
The shutter is made of plastics (e.g. POM). It closes the opening in the lower cartridge through which  
the data is read and it protects the MD against dust and damage.  
7. Lower Cartridge:  
Also the lower cartridge is made of grey plastics (e.g. Polycarbonate). It contains openings for the  
disc-drive and the laser that reads out the data. On the backside, information like artist, titles,  
playing time, etc. as well as the catalogue number is printed directly on the cartridge in white ink.  
8. MD Jewel Case:  
The MD is packaged in a 3-piece Jewel Case, consisting of clear bottom and lid parts and a grey tray.  
It contains a booklet and a backline card similar as CD package. The MD Jewel case dimensions are  
110 x 91 x 15 mm.  
Disc:  
Pit  
Protective  
layer  
Reflective  
layer  
1.2mm  
Polycarbonate  
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Input Components Specifications  
3.1. Sound Carrier Specifications  
music start times with an accuracy down to  
one frame.  
• Please note all noises (kind of noise and time at  
which it appears) as well as general quality  
notes in the ”Sound & Noise Information”  
sheet (form 2).  
DADC offers all necessary facilities to prepare  
sound carriers for MD-production. For exam-  
ple PQ-encoding, digital editing for the  
common digital tape formats U-Matic and  
R-DAT, as well as A/D transfer from 1/4” and  
1/2” analog tapes and transfer from CD-R  
discs can be done at DADC. However,  
PQ-encoded U-Matic tapes in the Sony 1630  
format as used for CD-production is the  
most common format. DADC can transfer  
this tape into the MD format via the ATRAC  
Format Converter.  
• Start recording of time code and digital mute at  
least one minute before the first track.  
• Stop recording of digital mute and time code  
not earlier than two minutes after the last track  
has ended.  
• A pause (digital mute) of at least two seconds  
has to be kept in case you want to change the  
preemphasis status.  
Please note that de-emphasis will be performed  
during format conversion at DADC.  
The following pages contain important specifi-  
cations as well as necessary information sheets  
which have to be sent with the tape (Samples on  
pages 14 to 18, blank formsheets in Appendix).  
Please forward this information to your studio.  
Additional Specifications for U-Matic Tapes  
Sampling frequency:  
44.1kHz  
Tape format:  
General System Specifications  
3/4" U-Matic NTSC standard  
(Sony PCM 1630/1610)  
• The maximum recording time on premastered  
MD is 78 minutes 16 seconds.  
Time code:  
SMPTE non-drop-frame; The time code  
has to be locked to the NTSC video-frames  
and must be recorded continuously and  
without interruption on analog channel 2  
of the U-Matic tape. It may not go beyond  
23h 59m 59sec 29fr.  
• The maximum track number is 255.  
Digital Tapes  
• Please send a “label copy” with the tape. On  
the label copy the order and duration of the  
titles (as it has to be on the MD) should be  
indicated by the producer.  
PQ code:  
• Prepare the "Premastering Instructions" form  
(see Appendix, form 1) which describes the  
The PQ data has to be stored on analog  
channel 1 of the U-Matic tape.  
Track 1  
Track 2  
Track 3  
Offset time  
5 frames  
Offset time  
5 frames  
Begin Track 1  
Begin Track 2  
Begin Track 3  
DADC  
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Input Components Specifications  
Tape widths: 1/4", 1/2"  
PQ Encoding  
Start recording approx. 15 sec. after Time code  
start. Please pay special attention to the offset-  
time of the begin-points. We recommend to use  
an offset-time of at least 5 frames to avoid that  
the music start is cut off during playback.  
Formats: NAB, CCIR, AES  
Noise reduction: Dolby A, Dolby SR  
Reference signals: as standardized e.g: for  
15ips CCIR tape:  
5sec  
5sec  
30sec  
10sec  
10sec  
1kHz  
1kHz  
1kHz  
14kHz  
63Hz  
0dB  
0dB  
0dB  
-10dB  
-10dB  
left channel  
right channel  
both channels  
both channels  
both channels  
Definitions  
• “Begin” marks the start point of a track. It  
defines the address at which the MD player  
starts to playback a track.  
If it is not possible to send us a tape with these  
test tones, please record the tones you have used  
for machine adjustment at the last sound-check  
of this tape.  
International Standard Recording Code  
(ISRC code) and UPC/EAN code (BAR code)  
A disc catalogue number by means of a UPC/EAN  
code and the ISRC numbers as assigned by the  
IFPI can be recorded on every MD. For this  
UPC/EAN code and the ISRC numbers must be  
included in the original PQ Code as supplied by  
you or it must be specified in the “Premastering  
Instructions".  
If that is impossible as well, we will adjust to  
standard reference tones.  
Dolby: If you have used Dolby for noise reduc-  
tion, your tape has to contain the appropriate  
Dolby-test-signal.  
CD-WO (CD-Write-Once)  
CD-WOs have to be recorded without interruption  
and in accordance with the “Red Book”. It must  
be possible to play them on standard CD-players.  
The CD-WOs must not contain uncorrectable  
errors (C2 errors). These can be caused e.g. by  
damage of the CD-WO (scratches, finger prints  
etc.), by defects during recording (medium or  
recording device) or by an interrupted recording.  
Disc checker print-outs (e.g. Sony CDA-5000 or  
Audio Development “CD-CATS”) should be sent  
together with the CD-WO, if available. All data on  
the CD-WO (audio and PQ data, ISRC code, etc.)  
are transferred 1:1 onto the manufactured MDs  
Additional Specifications for  
R-DAT Tapes  
Sampling frequency: We recommend to use a  
sampling frequency of 44.1 kHz. Nevertheless,  
it is also possible to transfer from tapes with  
a sampling frequency of 48 kHz.  
Do not alter the sampling frequency within one  
tape.  
Time code: SMPTE non-drop-frame; Time code  
has to be locked to the NTSC video-frames and  
must be recorded continuously and without  
interruption. It may not go beyond 23h 59m  
59sec 29fr.  
Quality of the Sound Carrier  
PQ code: The PQ code has to started on digital  
channel 1 (left channel of the DAT tape). Start  
recording approx. 15 sec after time code start.  
During preparation of the sound carrier, the audio  
information has to be carefully sound-checked.  
Please note every unusual noise (kind of noise and  
time at which it appears) in the ”Sound & Noise  
Information” (form 2) during this sound-check.  
By providing this information like shown on the  
sample form sheets on the following pages a lot of  
unnecessary delays in production can be avoided.  
If a noise which is not mentioned on this infor-  
mation will be found during quality inspection at  
DADC, the production might be delayed.  
Please do not send us your original master tapes.  
Send us continuously recorded (no assemble  
edits) sound checked copies.  
Analog Tapes  
Please mind the following specifications:  
Acceptable tape speeds:  
7.9, 15, 30ips (19, 38, 76cm/s)  
DADC  
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Premastering Instructions  
Form 1  
Premastering Instructions  
8 3 1 3 7 42 8 7 5 1 2 2  
Record Factory  
UPC/EAN Code :  
Catalogue No.:  
Customer:  
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9  
Music Company  
Sample Artist  
Studio:  
Total Tracks:  
Artist:  
Titel:  
12  
46:44  
Total Time:  
Sample  
Source:  
U-MATIC  
ANALOG  
DAT  
OTHER ................  
Type of Recorder:  
SONY DMR - 4000  
1/4"  
EQ:  
Cal. Tones:  
Fs:  
MASTER  
MATERIAL  
EMPH ON  
PQ encoded  
ISRC-Code  
NR.:  
S A M P L E  
1/2"  
NO NR.:  
CCIR  
NAB  
........  
63/100 Hz .......dB 44.1 kHz  
1 kHz .......dB 44.056 kHz  
14/10 kHz .......dB 48 kHz  
15 IPS  
30 IPS  
DOLBY A  
DOLBY SR  
SMPTE  
TC  
FIL.  
EQ  
EDITS  
TRK  
Nr.:  
TIME  
LEVEL  
Hz  
Q
dB  
Hz  
Q
dB  
R
Pause,Tracks,Noises..  
hh:mm:ss:ff  
L
min:sec  
02:00:00  
06:07:03  
U S T 3 8 9 2  
3 0 2 1 2  
1
04:08  
04:30  
05:10  
U S T 3 8 9 2  
06:08:02  
2
3
8 0 3 1 2  
11:16:21  
U S T 3 8 9 2  
3 0 3 2 1  
11:18:07  
15:56:04  
15:58:23  
U S T 3 8 9 2  
04:40  
-2  
4
5
21:48:01  
4 0 2 1 2  
2 1  
U S T 3 8 9 2  
6 0 2 7 3  
800  
21:48:01  
26:00:00  
05:50  
04:13  
26:01:17  
30:45:01  
U S T 3 8 9 2  
6
7
5 4 4 1 1  
U S T 3 8 9 2  
9 0 8 1 8  
30:49:12  
36:22:12  
04:48  
05:36  
U S T 3 8 9 2  
36:25:24  
40:46:03  
8
9 8 8 7 2  
40:46:07  
45:31:04  
U S T 3 8 9 2  
3 0 2 1 2  
4 4  
04:21  
9
U S T 3 8 9 2  
45:34:18  
50:23:20  
30:49:12  
10  
11  
04:48  
7 0 8 7 2  
U S T 3 8 9 2  
8 8 8 7 2  
03:20 36:22:12  
42:34:17  
U S T 3 8 9 2  
9 0 9 1 2  
12  
03:45  
51:23:25  
TO BE FILLED IN BY DADC-ENGINEER:  
REMARKS:  
JOB:  
V
DONE BY:  
DATE:  
DC Offs. Corr.  
EQ  
REF. 1K (...... dB) .....dB PCM  
=
13. 02. 96  
-2  
..P....L..e..i.t.n...e.r.....  
EDIT  
DIG HR ............dB  
A/B EDIT  
De Emphasis  
......................  
EMPH on off  
ENG.:  
...................  
DADC  
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Sound & Noise Information  
Sound & Noise Information  
Form 2  
Title:  
Artist:  
Catalogue No.:  
T
R
#
Sample  
Sample Artist  
123456789  
EMP  
1
V
N
V
N
0 ____________ 1 ____________ 2 ____________ 3 ____________ 4 ____________ 5 ____________  
EMP  
N
25  
10  
50  
2
3
4
V
0 ____________ 1 ____________ 2 ____________ 3 ____________ 4 ____________ 5 ____________  
S A M P L E  
EMP  
N
50  
T
0 ____________ 1 ____________ 2 ____________ 3 ____________ 4 ____________ 5 ____________  
EMP  
N
05  
V
V
0 ____________ 1 ____________ 2 ____________ 3 ____________ 4 ____________ 5 ____________  
EMP  
N
05  
50  
5
N
0 ____________ 1 ____________ 2 ____________ 3 ____________ 4 ____________ 5 ____________  
EMP  
N
05  
6
7
8
9
V
N
T
0 ____________ 1 ____________ 2 ____________ 3 ____________ 4 ____________ 5 ____________  
EMP  
N
01  
24  
10  
0 ____________ 1 ____________ 2 ____________ 3 ____________ 4 ____________ 5 ____________  
EMP  
N
N
DO  
T
V
0 ____________ 1 ____________ 2 ____________ 3 ____________ 4 ____________ 5 ____________  
EMP  
N
10  
19  
47  
14  
0 ____________ 1 ____________ 2 ____________ 3 ____________ 4 ____________ 5 ____________  
EMP  
N
10  
11  
V
0 ____________ 1 ____________ 2 ____________ 3 ____________ 4 ____________ 5 ____________  
EMP  
N
12  
V
0 ____________ 1 ____________ 2 ____________ 3 ____________ 4 ____________ 5 ____________  
EMP  
N
12  
8
0 ____________ 1 ____________ 2 ____________ 3 ____________ 4 ____________ 5 ____________  
EMP  
N
0 ____________ 1 ____________ 2 ____________ 3 ____________ 4 ____________ 5 ____________  
REMARKS:  
DATE / ENG. SIGN  
Orig. MT: ANA / DIG. / MIXED  
HISS, HUM, FLUTTER:  
ROOM N., PLAY N., VOCAL N.:  
13. 02. 96  
P. Leitner  
DADC  
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Abbreviations for possible noise  
Abbreviations for possible noise  
AE Abrupt End, Sudden End  
BE Bad Edit  
I
Instrument Noise  
LCH Left Channel  
BL Blow Noise, Wind Noise  
CB Cut Begin  
LFN Low Frequency Noise  
M
Mouth/Lip Noise  
CE Cut End  
MIC Microphone  
CF Cross Fade  
CL Click Noise  
CR Crackle  
MUS Musician Noise  
N
Noise  
OWT On Whole Track  
PN Play Noise  
POP Pop Noise  
DB Double Begin  
DE Double End  
DIS Distortion  
PT  
R
Print Through  
Room Noise  
DO Drop Out  
RCH Right Channel  
FI  
Fade In  
SB  
SE  
T
Sudden/Abrupt Begin  
FL Flutter  
Sound Effect  
Tick Noise  
FO Fade Out  
HFN High Frequency Noice  
HISS e.g. Tape Hiss  
V
Vocal Noise  
DADC  
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Additional TOC Data/Character Information  
This allows to store also data like disc title, track  
3.2. Additional TOC Data/  
name, disc recording date and track recording  
date in the TOC. For disc title and track names in  
total up to 2048 characters are available. This  
text information can be recalled during play back  
of the MD and then displayed on the character  
display of the MD player. It is recommended to  
use this feature for UPC/EAN Code, ISRC Code,  
disc- and track names.  
Character Information  
As one of the new features of the MD, character  
information can be displayed during playback.  
This information is included in the TOC (table of  
contents) area of the MD and in subdata areas  
(future use) which are available in addition to the  
music data.  
MD/CD Common Data  
MD Specific Data  
**POS  
Disc Name  
Track Name  
1
*P,Q  
UPC / EAN  
ISRC  
2
CD MASTER TAPE  
MD MASTER TAPE  
Forming  
V: Digital Audio Data  
A1: *P, Q, **POS, ISRC  
A2: Time Code  
V: All MD Data  
A1:  
A2: Time Code  
3
Digital Audio  
Data  
ATRAC  
Data to be processed  
*P, Q (Time Data) will be converted to MD specific Data  
**POS for MD is different from POS for CD  
All TOC data has to be supplied together with  
the other production components.  
0
1
2
SP  
!
3
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
:
4
@
A
B
C
D
E
F
5
P
Q
R
S
T
6
`
7
p
q
r
8
9
A
B
C
D
E
F
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
B
C
D
E
F
a
b
c
d
e
f
The MD specific character information has to be  
filled into the ”Character Information” (form 3)  
as shown on sample form next page.  
"
#
$
%
&
'
s
t
We strongly recommend to fill in this form sheet  
by typewriter, or to use computer printouts in  
order to avoid misreadings and therefore errors in  
the displayed character information.  
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
u
v
w
x
y
z
The symbols of this  
area may not be used  
G
H
I
g
h
i
(
)
Please also mind that the given information has  
to be 100% verified by the customer as all cha-  
racter information will be stored onto the MD as  
indicated in this form sheet.  
+
,
J
j
;
K
L
k
l
<
=
>
?
-
M
N
O
m
n
o
.
^
Attached please find the ASCII characters which  
may be used for the character information.  
/
_
DADC  
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Character Information  
Form 3  
Character Information  
1 3  
Page ....... of ......  
ARTIST:  
CATALOGUE No:  
TITLE:  
Emotions Mariah Carey  
01-468851-50  
10  
No of tracks  
(max 255)  
Disc Information:  
5099746885187  
UPC/EAN - code:  
Mariah Carey###Emotions  
Disc name  
(max. 160 characters)  
Track No. _____ Information:  
1
DE S34 92 30212  
DE S34 92 38490  
DE S34 92 32187  
ISRC - code (ISO 3901):  
Emotions  
Track name  
(max. 160 characters)  
Track No. __2___ Information:  
ISRC - code (ISO 3901):  
And You Don't Remember  
Track name  
(max. 160 characters)  
9
Track No. _____ Information:  
ISRC - code (ISO 3901):  
Till The End Of The Time  
Track name  
(max. 160 characters)  
Track No. _1__0__ Information:  
DE S34 92 84219  
ISRC - code (ISO 3901):  
The Wind  
Track name  
(max. 160 characters)  
Please use # to indicate ”Space characters” in case you want to use more than one ”Space”.  
Remarks:  
Signature / Date  
DADC  
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Label Film  
3.3. Label-, Artwork- and Print Films  
During preparation of the label films please mind  
the following:  
For unmistakeable reference during produc-  
tion the catalogue number must be indica-  
ted on each film outside of the print area for  
identification.  
• Send coated positive offset films with approx. 3  
mm bleed only.The registration and cutting marks  
must be located outside the bleed.  
• The films must not reveal damage of any kind and  
must be packed in such a way so as to prevent  
folding or creasing (roll container or carton).  
I. Label Film  
Usually a graphic or picture will be used for the  
front side. For clear identification of the final MD it  
is necessary to include the catalogue number on the  
label. The MD Logo shall not be inserted, as it al-  
ready appears on the upper cartrigde.  
• In order to match label and artwork please en-  
close compulsory proofs regarding colour with all  
films.  
• Please identify each film with colour specifcation.  
All dimensions in mm with a tolerance of ± 0.2 mm  
63.8  
R = max. 0.7 mm for all 4 corners  
Direction of Texture or Paper Grain  
Upper Cartridge  
In order to ensure optimum reliability under a variety of different operating and storage conditions DADC uses special paper quality.  
DADC  
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Booklet  
II. a) Artwork Films (Booklet)  
The booklet contains similar information as CD  
booklets. Optionally the MiniDisc logo can be  
inserted. During preparation of the print films for  
the booklet please mind the following:  
• The catalogue number must appear on the cover  
of the booklet  
• All pages (except cover outside) must contain  
page numbers.  
• Send coated positive offset films with approx.  
3mm bleed only; the registration and cutting  
marks must be located outside the bleed.  
• Please prepare the film layout in such a way that  
the booklet is closed on the left-hand side.  
• Please enclose compulsory proofs regarding  
colour with all films.  
• The films must not reveal damage of any kind and  
must be packed in such a way so as to prevent  
folding or creasing (roll container or carton).  
• Please identify each film with colour specifcation.  
All dimensions in mm with a tolerance of ± 0.2 mm  
72.7  
stitching wire or  
non-corrosive staples  
DADC will provide artwork in following quality:  
Thickness:  
max. 1.8 mm measured on folding side.  
max. 2.3 mm measured above the stitching wire.  
With 70g/m2 paper quality for inner pages this will allow a max. of 32 pages.  
Coverpages:  
wood-free art paper.  
min. 180g/m2, coated on both sides (for booklet cover and one sheet booklet).  
DADC  
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Backline Card  
II. b) Artwork Films (Backline Card)  
• The films must not reveal damage of any kind  
and must be packed in such a way so as to  
prevent folding or creasing (roll container or  
carton).  
The backline card contains similar information as  
CD backline cards (eg.: artist, disc title, catalogue  
no.). The MiniDisc logo (recommended size 7mm)  
has to be inserted on both spines of the backline  
card, so that it can be easily read at top of the  
spine end if the MD is stored upright in a rack  
(see drawing below).  
• The catalogue number must appear on the  
backline card.  
• Please enclose compulsory proofs regarding  
colour with all films.  
During preparation of the print films for the  
backline card please mind the following:  
• Please mark each film emulsion side with the  
colour.  
• Send coated positive offset films with approx.  
3 mm bleed only, the registration and cutting  
marks must be located outside the bleed.  
• Spine printing should be upright reading when  
cover up.  
All dimensions in mm with a tolerance of ± 0.2 mm  
108.8  
1
ARTIST AND TITLE  
Direction of Texture or Paper Grain  
3
2
11.2  
86.4  
11.2  
MD Logo:  
,
... on this spine you can choose  
1
2
DADC will provide artwork in following quality:  
Wood-free art paper.  
160-180g/m = 0,15 - 0,16 mm thick.  
between position  
or  
.
1
2
2
3 .......... on the backside placement and  
position of a MD Logo is optional.  
Coated on both sides.  
DADC  
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Cartridge Back-/Spine Print  
During preparation of the print film please mind  
the following:  
III. Print Film  
(Cartridge Back-/Spine Print)  
Combine spine- and backside typesetting on one film.  
It is recommended to print in positive type follo-  
wing information with white ink on the cartridge:  
• Use coated positive screenprinting line films  
(min. line width 0.15 mm, high density, emulsion  
side up); positioning marks must be located out-  
side the print area.  
Spine: artist name and disc title.  
Backside: artist name, disc title, catalogue num-  
ber, track titles and durations, etc.  
• The films must not reveal damage of any kind  
and must be packed in such a way so as to pre-  
vent folding or creasing (roll container or carton).  
The MD Logo shall not be inserted, as it already  
appears on the lower cartridge.  
Print location for the spine is on the cartridge  
edge opposite to the loading end.  
• Please don't encircle the printing area on the  
film.  
All dimensions in mm  
Print area dimensions:  
59.0  
MARIAH CAREY Emotions  
3
Character size 7pt  
MARIAH CAREY EMOTIONS  
1. EMOTIONS  
2. AND YOU DON'T REMEMBER  
3. CAN'T LET GO  
4. MAKE IT HAPPEN  
5. IF IT'S OVER  
6. YOU'RE SO COLD  
7. SO BLESSED  
8. TO BE AROUND  
8. YOU  
R 12  
52.4  
9. TILL THE END  
9. OF TIME  
5.5  
10. THE WIND  
COLUMBIA  
468851 2  
14.2  
BIEM/STEMRA  
LC 0162  
01-468851-50  
WARNING: All Rights Reserved.  
Character size min. 5pt  
min. linewidth 0.15mm  
Lower Cartridge  
31.7  
DADC  
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The MiniDisc Logo  
3.4. The MiniDisc Logo  
Territory of Usage  
This part of the manual provides the rules for  
use of the trademark logo “MiniDisc” on  
discs which meet the “MD” standard specifi-  
cations.  
The “MiniDisc” logo may be used worldwide,  
except in countries where the use of the trademark  
“MiniDisc” logo is illegal.  
“MiniDisc” Logo Specification  
Permitted Uses  
If you need camera-ready artwork for the logo on  
your label films please contact our Customer Service  
Department or download the logo from our website  
”sonydadc.com/downloads/downfra.html“  
For the use on MD label and artwork films there are  
three versions of the logo, as shown below:  
Choose logo A1, A2 or B, depending on the logo  
size. (See table below)  
The “MiniDisc” logo may be used pursuant to a  
license agreement with Sony Corporation wherein  
the right for usage is guaranteed. The “MiniDisc”  
logo can only be applied on the products specified  
in such a license agreement, in order to show that  
such products meet the “MD” standard specificati-  
ons and are compatible with each other.  
Logo A1  
Logo A2  
Logo B  
16mm  
7mm - 16mm 4mm - 7mm  
DADC  
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The MiniDisc Logo  
Printing the “MiniDisc” logo in positive, or in reverse (negative) is permitted.  
Only one color may be used (also in negative  
print, only single colour backgrounds).  
Never combine the “MiniDisc” logo with other  
characters, figures or logos. Always display it  
independently.  
Type Style  
“MD“ and “MiniDisc” may be used in typed copy  
in printed matter when referring to “MiniDisc”  
products. When typed, the letters “M” and “D”  
should be uppercase (capitals) and the other let-  
ters in lower case (not capitalized).  
Location  
The logo should be displayed at a prominent  
place only once. The logo may appear in more  
than one place, provided such placement in-  
cludes a prominent place.  
Note: with respect to the logos use on pre-  
mastered discs, it should be displayed as large as  
possible on the backline card.  
However, for the purpose of protection of the  
trademark, “MD” and “MiniDisc” should be  
enclosed within quotation marks or written  
in bold style in order to be prominent, and a  
footnote should clearly indicate that “MD” and  
“MiniDisc” are trademarks of Sony Corporation.  
DADC  
24  
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Sony DADC Austria  
Manufacturers of optical storage media in Europe.  
With two plants in Salzburg and the worldwide net-  
work with subsidiaries in Japan, Hongkong,  
Australia, USA, Canada, Mexico and Brazil, we  
guarantee supply to our customers with the highest  
quality and top serviceability.  
4. Sony DADC –  
The Company  
Sony DADC Austria AG, is a hundred percent  
daughter company of the Sony Corporation, was  
founded in 1986 to cater to the requirements of the  
European CD market. Since then, the Compact Disc  
has emerged as the dominating sound-carrier. In  
1996 more than 900 million units were sold in  
Europe. The CD has also become the basic techno-  
logy for other optical storage products like Laser  
Disc, MiniDisc, CD-ROM or Play Station Disc that  
were introduced on the market.  
A separate development division with world-  
wide networking ensures the step ahead in  
production technology and is ready to meet specific  
customer requirements. But above all, here we  
create the basis for new products in the future so  
that we can ensure that the Sony group will be your  
partner in the future, too.  
With a quantity of more than 300 million CDs ship-  
ped annually Sony DADC is one of the leading  
Facts and Figures:  
Sites:  
Factory I - Anif/Salzburg  
Factory II - Thalgau/Salzburg  
1997 approx. 950  
Customers:  
ISO 9002:  
approx. 2500  
(International and European music and film com-  
panies, publishers, multimedia and information  
providers as well as computer and video game  
companies and the majority of software and  
hardware manufacturers)  
No. of employees:  
Capacity:  
Production quantity: more than 300 million  
1997 1,2 mio/day  
Certification 1995  
annually  
Our products:  
Product  
Use  
Size  
Specification  
Compact Disc  
Audio  
12 cm  
8 cm  
max. playing time 77min.  
max. playing time 21min. 50sec.  
Laser Disc  
Video  
30 cm  
max.playing time 120min.  
(two sides)  
CD-ROM  
CD-I  
Information processing/ 12 cm  
Multimedia, Interactive  
max. 680 MB  
max. 192 MB  
Entertainment  
8 cm  
Video CD  
MiniDisc  
Video/Film  
12 cm  
depending on combination  
audio/video/data  
Portable Audio  
6,4 cm  
12 cm  
playing time approx. 74 min.  
PlayStation  
Disc  
Interactive  
Entertainment  
max. 680 MB  
CD EXTRA  
Multimedia, Audio,  
Video, Data  
12 cm  
8 cm  
max. 74 min. 30 sek.  
max. 655 MB  
MD Data  
like CD-ROM  
6,4 cm  
max. 140 MB  
DADC  
25  
A U S T R I A  
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Notice:  
This document has been prepared by DADC Austria to provide some  
basic information on MiniDisc (MD) for its customers.  
Specific focus has been given to details as needed when  
ordering MD production at DADC Austria  
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All trademarks used in this brochure were used for editing purposes without intending any violation  
of an industrial property right.  
Owned by:  
Sony DADC Austria AG  
Niederalm 282  
A-5081 Anif  
Printed by:  
Sony Music Printing, Haarlem, NL  
Anif, A  
Published in:  
Produced in:  
Haarlem, NL  
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For more information please get in touch with:  
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A-5081 Anif, Austria  
Tel.: ++43-6246-880-555  
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