Heatcraft Refrigeration Products Refrigerator H ENGM0408 User Manual
H-ENGM0408, April 2008  
(Replaces H-ENGM0806, August 2006)  
Engineering Manual  
Commercial Refrigeration  
Cooling and Freezing  
Load Calculations and Reference Guide  
Expansion  
Valve  
Liquid Line  
Solenoid Valve  
Filter-  
Drier  
Head Pressure  
Control Valve  
Liquid Line  
Sight Glass  
Receiver  
Heat  
Exchanger  
Evaporator  
Suction  
Filter  
Oil  
Separator  
Suction  
Accumulator  
Compressor  
Condenser  
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Tables  
Table  
No.  
page  
No.  
Table  
No.  
page  
No.  
18. Rapid load selection for back bars  
19  
1. Wall heat loads  
13  
19. Refrigeration requirements for hardening  
ice cream  
2. Insulated block K factors  
13  
19  
19  
3. Allowance for sun effect............................................................................13  
20. Glass door load  
4. Average air changes per 24 hours for storage  
rooms above 32ºF. (0ºC.) due to door  
21. Summer outside air and ground  
temperature design conditions  
openings and infiltration  
14  
20  
25, 26  
27, 28  
29, 30  
5. Average air changes per 24 hours for storage  
rooms below 32ºF. (0ºC.) due to door  
openings and infiltration  
22. Suction and liquid line sizes for R-134A  
23. Suction and liquid line sizes for R-22  
14  
14  
24. Suction & liquid line sizes for R-404A, R-507/AZ50  
6. Heat removed in cooling air to storage  
room conditions (BTU per Cu. Ft.)  
25. Pressure drop of liquid refrigerants in  
vertical risers  
26. Equivalent feet of pipe for  
valves and fittings  
31  
31  
7. Storage requirements and properties of  
perishable products  
15-16  
17  
8. Heat of respiration  
27. Remote condenser line sizes for  
R-134A, R-22, R-507/AZ50 and R-404A  
9. Heat loads of keg and bottled beer  
10. Carcass weights  
18  
32  
33  
18  
28. L-type tubing– weight of refrigerants in copper  
lines of operating systems  
11. Heat equivalent of electric motors  
12. Heat equivalent of occupancy  
18  
18  
29. Fahrenheit-Celsius temperature  
conversion chart  
34  
35  
35  
36  
36  
13. General standards for insulation  
thickness in storage rooms  
18  
18  
18  
30. Conversion factors  
14. Heat gain due to operation of battery lift trucks  
15. Specific heats of various liquids and solids  
31. Electrical formulas  
32. English conversion factors and data  
33. English to metric conversion factors  
16. Banana room  
refrigeration requirement  
19  
19  
17. Meat cutting or preparation room  
3
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Job Survey  
Refrigeration Load Calculations  
The person involved in a heat transfer calculation needs  
information in order to predict accurately the heat load on a  
refrigerated structure. The more complete the information, the  
better the calculation. Good calculations are the first step in  
assuring adequate refrigeration equipment is selected for the  
project.  
With the initial survey complete, the heat load calculation is  
separated into the following main sources of heat for a given 24  
hour period:  
1. Transmission load  
2. Air change load  
3. Miscellaneous load  
4. Product load  
The initial job survey should be as complete as possible and  
include the following:  
Accuracy  
Design Ambient Temperature  
Accuracy in calculation is the first step in having a satisfied  
customer. There are short cuts, based on averages, that may  
be taken and which must be used when the product load is  
indefinite or unknown (see Quick Selection Guide on page 41  
and the Rapid Load Calculator on page 43). But when all the data  
necessary to calculate the four main sources of heat gain are  
available, the complete calculation should be made.  
This is the ambient surrounding the box necessary for the load  
calculations. Another ambient to be considered on air cooled  
projects is the one surrounding the condensing unit which will  
affect equipment selection.  
Storage Temperature and Humidity Requirements  
Refrigeration equipment by its nature is a dehumidification  
process. We try to minimize or maximize the drying effect of the  
equipment by selecting the appropriate Temperature Difference  
(T.D.) between the saturated suction temperature of the  
evaporator and the room air. The T.D. selected approximates the  
desired relative humidity (see page 21).  
Quick Selection Chart for Small  
and Medium Coolers and Freezers  
The Quick Selection Guide on page 41 may be used for a quick  
comparison of heat load figured on Bulletins Above32-05 or  
Below32-05 or to obtain approximate heat loads for small and  
medium sized boxes. The loads are shown for a 95ºF. outside  
temperature.  
Dimensions, Insulation, Type of Construction,  
Exposure  
Rapid Load Calculator for Large Coolers and Freezers  
This criterion lends itself to well established, straight forward  
calculations, but the information while elementary, is often  
omitted from the initial job survey. Transmission load for 4”  
Styrofoam is double the transmission load for 4”formed in place  
urethane.  
The Rapid Load Calculator on page 43 may be used for quick  
approximations of the heat load in large boxes and for a  
reasonable comparison of heat loads figured on Bulletins  
Above32-05 or Below32-05. The Calculator graph on page 43 is  
based on the following average daily product loadings for coolers  
and freezers:  
Infiltration or Air Changed Load  
Average Daily  
Product Loads (lbs.)  
for Coolers  
Average Daily  
Product Loads (lbs.)  
for Freezers  
Heat, both sensible and latent, enters an enclosure through door  
openings whenever the air surrounding the enclosure is warmer  
than the box temperature. Knowing the location, size and  
number of the door openings and the temperature to which they  
are exposed will greatly aid in determining the heat load of the  
infiltration air.  
Volume-  
Cu. Ft.  
500 - 3,000  
3,000 - 4,600  
4,600 - 8,100  
6,200 - 8,000  
8,000 - 11,000  
11,000 - 17,000  
17,000 - 26,000  
26,000 - 33,000  
33,000 - 40,000  
40,000 - 56,000  
56,000 - 66,000  
66,000 - 110,000  
110,000 - 150,000  
150,000 - up  
1,600  
2,000  
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2,000  
2,500  
4,000  
6,200  
7,500  
9,500  
13,000  
17,000  
25,000  
34,000  
up  
2,500  
8,100 - 12,800  
12,800 - 16,000  
16,000 - 20,000  
20,000 - 28,000  
28,000 - 40,000  
40,000 - 60,000  
60,000 - 80,000  
80,000 - up  
4,000  
6,200  
Product  
7,500  
1. Type - storage requirements  
2. Weight  
9,500  
13,000  
17,000  
25,000  
34,000  
3. Entering temperature  
4. Pull down time  
Miscellaneous Loads  
1. Lights  
2. Motors including fan motors, fork lifts, conveyers  
3. People  
1. Transmission Load  
4. Glass doors  
Methods of determining the amount of heat flow through walls,  
floor and ceiling are well established. This heat gain is directly  
proportional to the Temperature Difference (T.D.) between the  
two sides of the wall. The type and thickness of insulation used  
in the wall construction, the outside area of the wall and the  
T.D. between the two sides of the wall are the three factors  
that establish the wall load. Tables are provided to simplify  
the calculations (see Table 1, page 13). Some coolers for above  
freezing temperatures have been constructed with only a floor  
slab (no floor insulation). The factors shown in the wall heat gain  
(Table 1) are based on a concrete floor slab and the T.D. between  
the local ground temperature and the storage room temperature.  
Operations  
1. Holding cooler or freezer  
2. Blast cooling or freezing  
3. Preparation, processing or cutting rooms  
4. Distribution warehouses  
5. Reach-in or walk-in boxes  
Unusual Conditions  
Electrical Service and Type of Equipment Desired  
While not directly affecting refrigeration load calculations,  
this is essential in the job survey to select the proper equipment.  
4
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cooler and one HP for each 12,500 C.F. in a storage freezer  
which allows for fan motors and some forklift operations.  
These figures can be higher in a heavily used area, i.e. loading  
dock or distribution warehouse.  
For freezers it becomes necessary to provide heat in the base slab  
to avoid freezing of the ground water and heaving of the floor.  
Minimum slab temperature should be at least 40ºF. Normally, 55ºF.  
should be used for freezer applications.  
(c) Occupancy- People working in the refrigerated storage area  
dissipate heat at a rate depending on the room temperature  
(Table 12, page 18). Multiple occupancies for short periods  
should be averaged over a 24 hour period. If occupancy load  
is not known, allow one person per 24 hour for each 25,000  
cubic foot space.  
2. Air Change Load  
(a) Average Air Change- when the door to a refrigerated room is  
opened, warm outside air will enter the room. This air must be  
cooled to the refrigerated room temperature, resulting in an  
appreciable source of heat gain. This load is sometimes called  
the infiltration load. The probable number of air changes per  
day and the heat that must be removed from each cubic foot  
of the infiltrated air, are given in tables based on experience  
(see Table 4, 5 & 6, page 14). For heavy usage, the infiltration  
may be doubled or more.  
4. Product Load  
Whenever a product having a higher temperature is placed  
in a refrigerator or freezer room, the product will lose its  
heat until it reaches the storage temperature. This heat load  
consists of three separate components: (see Table 7, page 15-  
16).  
(b) Infiltration Through a Fixed Opening- As an alternate to the  
average air change method using the Psychrometric Chart  
(page 37), the following formulas may be used to calculate  
the infiltration resulting from natural ventilation (no wind)  
through external door openings.  
(a) Specific Heat- The amount of heat that must be removed  
from one pound of product to reduce the temperature of this  
pound by 1ºF., is called its specific heat. It has two values: one  
applies when the product is above freezing; the second is  
applicable after the product has reached its freezing point.  
[ (4.88) ( door height) (area/2) (minutes open) ( temp. diff. ºF.)  
(enthalpy incoming air – enthaply warehouse air) ] [ (1–X)]  
Specific Volume of Incoming Air  
(b) Latent Heat- The amount of heat that must be removed from  
one pound of product to freeze this pound is called the latent  
heat of fusion.  
Where X = % of heat transmission blocked by thermal barrier.  
The air change load can be substantial and every means  
should be taken to reduce the amount of infiltration entering  
the box. Some effective means of minimizing this load are:  
Most products have a freezing point in the range of 26ºF. to  
31ºF. If the exact temperature is unknown, it may be  
assumed to be 28ºF.  
•Automatic closing refrigerator doors  
•Vestibules or refrigerated anterooms  
•Plastic strip curtains  
There is a definite relationship between the latent heat of  
fusion and the water content of the product and its specific  
and latent heats.  
•Air Curtains  
•Inflated bumpers on outside loading doors.  
Estimating specific and latent heats:  
Sp. Ht. above freezing = 0.20 + (0.008 X % water)  
Sp. Ht. below freezing = 0.20 + (0.008 X % water)  
Latent Heat = 143.3 X % water  
3. Miscellaneous Loads  
Although most of the heat load in a refrigerated room  
or freezer is caused by wall heat leakage, air changes and  
product cooling or freezing, there are three other heat  
sources that should not be overlooked prior to the selection  
of the refrigeration equipment. Since the equipment has to  
maintain temperature under design conditions, these loads are  
generally averaged to a 24 hour period to provide for capacity  
during these times.  
(c) Respiration- Fresh fruits and vegetables are alive. Even in  
refrigerated storage they generate heat which is called the  
heat of respiration. They continually undergo a change in  
which energy is released in the form of heat, which varies with  
the type and temperature of the product. Tabulated values are  
usually in BTU/lb./24 hours (Table 8, page 17), and are applied  
to the total weight of product being stored and not just the  
daily turnover.  
(a) Lights- typically storage requirements are 1 to 1-1/2 watt per  
square foot. Cutting or processing rooms can be double the  
wattage. Each watt is multiplied by 3.42 BTU/watt to obtain a  
BTUH figure. This is then multiplied by 24 to obtain a  
daily figure.  
(d) Pull down Time- When a product load is to be calculated at  
other than a 24 hour pull down, a correction factor must be  
multiplied to the product load.  
24 hours  
Pull down Time  
(b) Motors- smaller motors are usually less efficient and tend to  
generate more heat per horsepower as compared to larger  
motors. For this reason Table 11, on page 18, is broken down  
in to H.P. groups. Also, motors inside the refrigerated area will  
reject all of their heat losses as shown in Table 11. However,  
motors that are located outside but do the work inside, like  
a conveyor, will reject less heat into the refrigerated space. If  
powered material handling equipment is used, such as forklift  
trucks, this must be included under Motor Heat Loads.  
Generally only battery operated lift trucks are used in  
Note: While product pull down can be calculated, no  
guarantee should be made regarding final product  
temperature due to many uncontrollable factors (i.e., type of  
packaging, position in the box, method of stacking, etc.)  
5. Safety Factor  
When all four of the main sources of heat are calculated,  
a safety factor of 10% is normally added to the total  
refrigeration load to allow for minor omissions and  
inaccuracies (additional safety or reserve may be available  
from the compressor running time and average loading).  
refrigerated rooms, which represent a heat gain of 8,000 to  
15,000 BTU/hr. or more over the period of operation. If motor  
or loading conditions are not known, then calculate one  
motor horsepower for each 16,000 cubic foot box in a storage  
5
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6. Hourly Heat Load  
The hourly heat load serves as the guide in selecting  
equipment. It is found by dividing the final BTU/24 hour load  
by the desired condensing unit run time.  
35ºF. rooms with no timer 16 hr.  
35ºF. rooms with timer  
18 hr.  
Blast coolers/Freezers with  
positive defrost  
18 hr.  
Storage Freezers  
18-20 hr.  
25ºF. - 34ºF. coolers with hot gas  
or electric defrost  
20-22 hr.  
50ºF. rooms and higher with coil  
temperature above 32ºF. 20-22 hr.  
7. Load Calculation Forms  
To simplify the calculation and tabulation of refrigeration  
loads, there are two forms available:  
Bulletin Above32-05 is used for all rooms above 32ºF. (0ºC.)  
Bulletin Below32-05 is used for all rooms below 32ºF. (0ºC.)  
All data and tables necessary to fill in the Load Calculation  
Forms can be found in this manual.  
A Word of Caution: The refrigeration load calculation  
methods presented in this manual are intended for use  
in selecting refrigeration equipment for rooms used for  
holding and sometimes pulling product temperature down.  
For process or unusual applications such as blast freezing or  
food processing situations, please contact our Application  
Engineering Department.  
6
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Refrigeration Load Estimate Form  
(for rooms above 32ºF) Bulletin Above32-05  
Estimate for:  
Estimate by:  
Date:  
Example: 35ºF Convenience Store Cooler With Glass Doors  
Basis for Estimate  
Room Dimensions: Width  
Note: Tables can be found in  
Engineering Manual, H-ENG-2  
8
ft. x2L8ength  
8
8
ft. x Height  
=
ft.  
cu. ft.  
ºF. =  
28  
x (W8)  
1792  
35  
Volume: (L)  
Ambient Temp  
x (H)  
85  
50  
ºF. (Corrected for sun load) — Room Temp  
ºF. T.D.  
Insulation  
Type  
Inches  
Ceiling  
Walls  
Floor  
4
4
6
Styrene  
Styrene  
Concrete  
Product Load 2000  
lbs./daByeoef r  
(a)  
temp. of  
to be reduced from entering  
85  
35  
50  
ºF. Temp. Drop  
ºF.  
200  
ºF. Mtoilk  
(b)  
lbs./day of  
to be reduced from entering  
40  
35  
5
temp. of  
ºF. to  
ºF. Temp. Drop  
ºF.  
Miscellaneous  
Motors (including all blower motors0) .2  
Lights (assume 1 watt/sq.ft.)  
No. of people  
60  
Ground Temp.  
HP  
Watts  
(Table 21)  
224  
0
1. Transmission Load2s8  
x8(W)  
x 7H2eat Load  
16128  
Ceiling: (L)  
(Table 1)  
(Table 1)  
(Table 1)  
(Table 1)  
(Table 1)  
(Table 1)  
=
=
=
=
=
=
(H)  
28  
x8(
x 7H2eat Load  
x 7H2eat Load  
x7H2eat Load  
16128  
16128  
4608  
North Wall: (L)  
28  
x8(H)
South Wall: (L)  
(H)  
(W)  
East Wall: )8  
x8
(W)  
(H)  
x (W)  
8
West Wall: 
x Heat Load  
8
72  
4608  
Floor: (L)28  
x8(W)  
x1H2e5at Load  
28000  
2. Air Change Load  
Volume:  
cu. ft. x  
Factor (Table 4) x  
Factor (Table 6)  
=
1792  
13  
1.86  
43331  
3. Additional Loads  
0.2  
15000  
18368  
Electrical Motor2s:24  
HP x 75000 BTU/HP/24 hr.  
Watts x 82  
=
=
=
=
Electrical Ligh0ts:  
—
People Load:  
People x  
BTU/24 hrs. (Table 12)  
10  
192000  
Glass Door Load:  
Doors x 19200 BTU/Door/24 hr.  
(Product Load Figured @ 24 hr. Pulldown*)  
4. Product2L0o0ad0: Sensible  
0.92  
50  
92000  
930  
(a)  
(b)  
lbs./day x  
lbs./day x  
Spec. Heat (Table 7) x  
ºF. Temp Drop  
ºF. Temp Drop  
=
=
200  
0.93  
5
Spec. Heat (Table 7) x  
*For product pulldown time other than 24 hrs. figure 24 hr. load x (24/Pulldown Time)  
5. Product Load: Respiration*  
(a)  
(b)  
lbs. stored x  
BTU/lbs./24 hrs. (Table 8)  
BTU/lbs./24 hrs. (Table 8)  
=
=
—
—
—
—
—
lbs. stored x  
—
*For consideration of previously loaded product, a multiplier of (5) is normally applied to the daily  
product load (Line #4)  
447229  
44723  
Total Refrigeration Load (1+2+3+4+5) BTU/24 hrs.  
Add 10% Safety Factor  
491952  
Total with Safety/Factor BTU/24 hrs.  
Divide by No. of Operating Hrs. (16) to obtain BTUH Cooling Requirement  
30747  
Equipment Selection  
Condensing Unit  
Qty. Model No.  
Unit Cooler  
Model No.  
System Capacity  
BTU/hr.  
Qty.  
2175 West Park Place Blvd. • Stone Mountain, GA 30087 • 770.465.5600 • Fax: 770.465.5990 • www.heatcraftrpd.com  
7
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Refrigeration Load Estimate Form  
(for rooms above 32ºF) Bulletin Above32-05  
Estimate for:  
Estimate by:  
Date:  
Example: 35ºF Beef Cooler  
Basis for Estimate  
Room Dimensions: Width  
Note: Tables can be found in  
Engineering Manual, H-ENG-2  
14  
ft. x1L6ength  
8
8
ft. x Height  
=
ft.  
cu. ft.  
ºF. =  
16  
14  
x (W)  
1792  
Volume: (L)  
Ambient Temp  
x (H)  
95  
ºF. (Corrected for sun load) — 3R5oom Temp  
60  
ºF. T.D.  
Insulation  
Type  
Inches  
Ceiling  
Walls  
Floor  
4
4
6
Styrene  
Styrene  
Concrete  
Product Load  
1000  
lbs./daByeoef f  
(a)  
temp. of  
(b)  
to be reduced from entering  
50  
ºF.3to5  
º1F.5Temp. Drop  
ºF.  
—
temp. of  
—
lbs./day of  
to be reduced from entering  
—
—
—
ºF. to  
ºF. Temp. Drop  
ºF.  
Miscellaneous  
0.1  
60  
Ground Temp.  
Motors (including all blower m2ot2o4rs)  
HP  
Watts  
(Table 21)  
Lights (assume 1 watt/sq.ft.)  
No. of people  
0
1. Transmission Loa1ds6  
1x4(W)  
87  
19488  
Ceiling: (L)  
x Heat Load  
(Table 1)  
(Table 1)  
(Table 1)  
(Table 1)  
(Table 1)  
(Table 1)  
=
=
=
=
=
=
(H)  
8
16  
87  
11136  
11136  
9744  
North Wall: (L)  
x
x Heat Load  
(H)  
16  
8
87  
South Wall: (L)  
x
x Heat Load  
(H)  
(W)  
East Wall: 14  
x8
x8H7eat Load  
(H)  
x
8
(W)  
West Wall: 
4  
x Heat Load  
87  
9744  
28000  
Floor: (L)  
x (W)  
x Heat Load  
16  
14  
125  
2. Air Change Load  
Volume1: 792  
cu1. f3t. x  
2.49  
Factor (Table 4) x  
Factor (Table 6) 58007  
=
3. Additional Loads  
0.1  
7500  
Electrical Motors:  
Electrical Lights:  
HP x 75000 BTU/HP/24 hr.  
Watts x 82  
=
=
224  
18368  
0
—
—
People Load:  
Glass Door Load:  
People x  
BTU/24 hrs. (Table 12)  
Doors x 19200 BTU/Door/24 hr.  
=
0
—
=
4. Product Load: Sensible  
(a)1000  
(Pr0o.d7u7ct Load Figured @ 24 hr. P1ul5ldown*)  
11550  
—
lbs./day x  
lbs./day x  
Spec. Heat (Table 7) x  
ºF. Temp Drop  
ºF. Temp Drop  
=
=
—
—
—
(b)  
Spec. Heat (Table 7) x  
*For product pulldown time other than 24 hrs. figure 24 hr. load x (24/Pulldown Time)  
5. Product Load: Respiration*  
—
—
—
—
(a)  
(b)  
lbs. stored x  
lbs. store—d x  
BTU/lbs./24 hrs. (Table 8)  
BTU/lbs./24 hrs. (Table 8)  
=
=
—
*For consideration of previously loaded product, a multiplier of (5) is normally applied to the daily  
product load (Line #4)  
184673  
18467  
Total Refrigeration Load (1+2+3+4+5) BTU/24 hrs.  
Add 10% Safety Factor  
203140  
Total with Safety/Factor BTU/24 hrs.  
Divide by No. of Operating Hrs. (16) to obtain BTUH Cooling Requirement  
12696  
Equipment Selection  
Condensing Unit  
Qty. Model No.  
Unit Cooler  
Model No.  
System Capacity  
BTU/hr.  
Qty.  
2175 West Park Place Blvd. • Stone Mountain, GA 30087 • 770.465.5600 • Fax: 770.465.5990 • www.heatcraftrpd.com  
8
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Refrigeration Load Estimate Form  
(for rooms above 32ºF) Bulletin Above32-05  
Estimate for:  
Estimate by:  
Date:  
Basis for Estimate  
Room Dimensions: Width  
Volume: (L)  
Note: Tables can be found in  
Engineering Manual, H-ENG-2  
ft. x Length  
x (H)  
ºF. (Corrected for sun load) — Room Temp  
ft. x Height  
=
ft.  
cu. ft.  
ºF. =  
x (W)  
Ambient Temp  
ºF. T.D.  
Insulation  
Type  
Inches  
Ceiling  
Walls  
Floor  
Product Load  
(a)  
lbs./day of  
ºF. to  
lbs./day of  
ºF. to  
to be reduced from entering  
temp. of  
(b)  
temp. of  
ºF. Temp. Drop  
ºF.  
to be reduced from entering  
ºF. Temp. Drop  
ºF.  
Miscellaneous  
Motors (including all blower motors)  
Lights (assume 1 watt/sq.ft.)  
No. of people  
HP  
Watts  
Ground Temp.  
(Table 21)  
1. Transmission Loads  
Ceiling: (L)  
x (W)  
(H)  
x Heat Load  
(Table 1)  
=
=
=
=
=
=
North Wall: (L)  
South Wall: (L)  
(W)  
East Wall: 
x
x Heat Load  
x Heat Load  
x Heat Load  
x Heat Load  
x Heat Load  
(Table 1)  
(Table 1)  
(Table 1)  
(Table 1)  
(Table 1)  
(H)  
x
x (H)
(H)  
(W)  
West Wall: 
x
Floor: (L)  
x (W)  
2. Air Change Load  
Volume:  
cu. ft. x  
Factor (Table 4) x  
Factor (Table 6)  
=
3. Additional Loads  
Electrical Motors:  
Electrical Lights:  
People Load:  
HP x 75000 BTU/HP/24 hr.  
Watts x 82  
=
=
=
=
People x  
BTU/24 hrs. (Table 12)  
Glass Door Load:  
Doors x 19200 BTU/Door/24 hr.  
4. Product Load: Sensible  
(Product Load Figured @ 24 hr. Pulldown*)  
Spec. Heat (Table 7) x  
(a)  
(b)  
lbs./day x  
lbs./day x  
ºF. Temp Drop  
ºF. Temp Drop  
=
=
Spec. Heat (Table 7) x  
*For product pulldown time other than 24 hrs. figure 24 hr. load x (24/Pulldown Time)  
5. Product Load: Respiration*  
(a)  
(b)  
lbs. stored x  
lbs. stored x  
BTU/lbs./24 hrs. (Table 8)  
BTU/lbs./24 hrs. (Table 8)  
=
=
*For consideration of previously loaded product, a multiplier of (5) is normally applied to the daily  
product load (Line #4)  
Total Refrigeration Load (1+2+3+4+5) BTU/24 hrs.  
Add 10% Safety Factor  
Total with Safety/Factor BTU/24 hrs.  
Divide by No. of Operating Hrs. (16) to obtain BTUH Cooling Requirement  
Equipment Selection  
Condensing Unit  
Qty. Model No.  
Unit Cooler  
Model No.  
System Capacity  
BTU/hr.  
Qty.  
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Refrigeration Load Estimate Form  
(for rooms below 32ºF) Bulletin Below32-05  
Estimate for:  
Estimate by:  
Date:  
Example: -20ºF Ice Cream Hardening Freezer  
Basis for Estimate  
Room Dimensions: Width  
Note: Tables can be found in  
Engineering Manual, H-ENG-2  
12  
x (W)  
14  
f8t. x Height  
=
ft. x Length  
ft.  
cu. ft.  
ºF. =  
14  
12  
8 x (H)  
1344  
Volume: (L)  
85  
ºF. (Corrected for sun load) — R-o2o0m Temp.  
105  
Ambient Temp  
ºF. T.D.  
Insulation  
Inches  
Type  
Ceiling  
Walls  
Floor  
4
4
4
Foamed In place Ure  
Foamed In place Ure  
Foamed In place Ure  
Product Load  
(a)  
—
lbs./day of—  
to be reduced from entering temp.—of  
ºF.  
—
—
to freezing point of  
ºF. (Table 7) =  
ºF. Initial temp. drop  
—
—
and the1n0r0educed from freezing point to storage Temp. of  
100%  
gallons of ice cream @  
ºF. = (Table 7)  
ºF. Final temp. drop.  
(b)  
overrun  
Miscellaneous  
Motors (including all blower motors0) .2  
60  
HP  
Watts  
Ground Temp.  
(Table 21)  
168  
Lights (assume 1 watt/sq.ft.)  
0
No. of People  
1. Transmission Loads  
14  
12  
76  
12768  
Ceiling: (L)  
x (W)  
(H)  
x8
x Heat Load  
(Table 1)  
(Table 1)  
(Table 1)  
(Table 1)  
(Table 1)  
(Table 1)  
=
=
=
=
=
=
14  
76  
8512  
8512  
7296  
North Wall: (L)  
x Heat Load  
14  
x8(H)
76  
South Wall: (L)  
x Heat Load  
(W)  
(H)  
East Wall: 12  
x8
x H76eat Load  
(H)  
x
8
(W)  
West Wall: 
x Heat Load  
12  
76  
7296  
Floor: (L)  
x (W)  
x Heat Load  
14  
12  
58  
9744  
2. Air Change Load  
Volume: 1344  
12  
cu. ft. x  
3.49  
Factor (Table 5) x  
56287  
Factor (Table 6)  
=
3. Additional Loads  
Electrical Motors0: .2  
HP x 75000 BTU/HP/24 hr.  
Watts x 82  
15000  
13776  
=
=
168  
Electrical Lights:  
0
—
—
People Load:  
People x  
BTU/24 hrs. (Table 12)  
=
10  
—
Glass Door Load:  
Doors x 31200 BTU/Door/24 hr.  
=
4. Product Load: (Table 7) (Product Load Figured @ 24 hr. Pulldown*)  
—
—
—
(a)  
lbs./day x  
—
lbs./day x  
lbs./day x  
Spec. Heat above freezing x  
Latent Heat Fusion  
425 Spec. Heat below freezing x  
ºF. Intial Temp. Drop  
=
=
=
=
—
—
100  
BTUX/g2al.4(Ta(1b0leh1r9.)Pull down)º*F. Intial Tem1p0. 2D0ro0p0  
—
—
—
(b)  
gallons of ice cream/day x  
*For product pulldown time other than 24 hrs. figure 24 hr. load x (24/Pulldown Time)  
241191  
24119  
Total Refrigeration Load (1+2+3+4+5) BTU/24 hrs.  
Add 10% Safety Factor  
265310  
Total with Safety/Factor BTU/24 hrs.  
Divide by No. of Operating Hrs. (18) to obtain BTUH Cooling Requirement  
14739  
Equipment Selection  
Condensing Unit  
Qty. Model No.  
Unit Cooler  
Model No.  
System Capacity  
BTU/hr.  
Qty.  
2175 West Park Place Blvd. • Stone Mountain, GA 30087 • 770.465.5600 • Fax: 770.465.5990 • www.heatcraftrpd.com  
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Refrigeration Load Estimate Form  
(for rooms below 32ºF) Bulletin Below32-05  
Estimate for:  
Estimate by:  
Date:  
Example: -10ºF Beef Freezer  
Basis for Estimate  
Room Dimensions: Width  
Note: Tables can be found in  
Engineering Manual, H-ENG-2  
20  
24  
12  
ft. x Height  
ft. x Length  
ft.  
cu. ft.  
ºF. =  
24  
20  
x (W)  
12  
x (H)  
5760  
-10  
Volume: (L)  
Ambient Temp  
=
90  
100  
ºF. (Corrected for sun load) — Room Temp.  
ºF. T.D.  
Insulation  
Inches  
Type  
Ceiling  
Walls  
Floor  
4
4
4
Foamed In place Ure  
Foamed In place Ure  
Foamed In place Ure  
Product Load  
(a)  
to freezing point of  
and then reduced from freezing point to storage Temp. of  
3000  
lbs./daByeoeff  
to be reduced from entering temp3. o5f  
ºF.  
28  
7
ºF. (Table 7) =  
ºF. Initial temp. drop  
-10  
ºF. = (Table 7) 38  
ºF. Final temp. drop.  
—
—
(b)  
gallons of ice cream @  
overrun  
Miscellaneous  
0.5  
60  
HP  
Watts  
Ground Temp.  
(Table 21)  
Motors (including all blower mo4to8r0s)  
Lights (assume 1 watt/sq.ft.)  
0
No. of People  
1. Transmission Load2s4  
20  
72  
34560  
Ceiling: (L)  
x (W)  
x Heat Load  
(Table 1)  
(Table 1)  
(Table 1)  
(Table 1)  
(Table 1)  
(Table 1)  
=
=
=
=
=
=
(H)  
24  
12  
72  
20736  
North Wall: (L)  
South Wall: (L)  
x
x Heat Load  
(H)  
x
12  
x Heat Load  
24  
72  
20736  
(W)  
(H)  
East Wall: 20  
x12
x H72eat Load  
17280  
(W)  
West Wall: 
(H)  
x
12  
x Heat Load  
20  
72  
17280  
24000  
Floor: (L)  
x (W)  
x Heat Load  
24  
20  
50  
2. Air Change Load  
Volume:5760  
cu. 5ft..2x  
Factor 3(T.a5b6le 5) x  
106629  
Factor (Table 6)  
=
3. Additional Loads  
0.5  
37500  
39360  
Electrical Motors:  
Electrical Lights:  
People Load:  
Glass Door Load:  
HP x 75000 BTU/HP/24 hr.  
Watts x 82  
=
=
480  
0
—
—
People x  
BTU/24 hrs. (Table 12)  
=
0
—
Doors x 31200 BTU/Door/24 hr.  
=
(Product Load Figured @ 24 hr. Pulldown*)  
4. Product3L0o0a0d: (Tablel7b)s./da0y.x77  
Spec. Heat above 7freezing x  
16170  
(a)  
ºF. Intial Temp. Drop  
=
=
=
=
3000  
3000  
100  
300000  
lbs./day x  
0.4  
lbs./day x  
Latent Heat Fusion  
Spec. Heat below3fr8eezing x  
gallons of ice cream—/day x  
ºF. Intia4l T5e6m0p0. Drop  
(b)  
BTUX/g2al.4(T(a1b0leh1r9.)Pull down)*  
—
*For product pulldown time other than 24 hrs. figure 24 hr. load x (24/Pulldown Time)  
679851  
67985  
Total Refrigeration Load (1+2+3+4+5) BTU/24 hrs.  
Add 10% Safety Factor  
747836  
Total with Safety/Factor BTU/24 hrs.  
Divide by No. of Operating Hrs. (18) to obtain BTUH Cooling Requirement  
41546  
Equipment Selection  
Condensing Unit  
Qty. Model No.  
Unit Cooler  
Model No.  
System Capacity  
BTU/hr.  
Qty.  
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Refrigeration Load Estimate Form  
(for rooms below 32ºF) Bulletin Below32-05  
Estimate for:  
Estimate by:  
Date:  
Basis for Estimate  
Room Dimensions: Width  
Volume: (L)  
Note: Tables can be found in  
Engineering Manual, H-ENG-2  
ft. x Length  
x (H)  
ºF. (Corrected for sun load) — Room Temp.  
ft. x Height  
=
ft.  
cu. ft.  
ºF. =  
x (W)  
Ambient Temp  
ºF. T.D.  
Insulation  
Type  
Inches  
Ceiling  
Walls  
Floor  
Product Load  
(a)  
lbs./day of  
ºF. (Table 7) =  
to be reduced from entering temp. of  
ºF. Initial temp. drop  
ºF. = (Table 7)  
ºF.  
to freezing point of  
and then reduced from freezing point to storage Temp. of  
ºF. Final temp. drop.  
(b)  
gallons of ice cream @  
overrun  
Miscellaneous  
Motors (including all blower motors)  
Lights (assume 1 watt/sq.ft.)  
No. of People  
HP  
Watts  
Ground Temp.  
(Table 21)  
1. Transmission Loads  
Ceiling: (L)  
North Wall: (L)  
South Wall: (L)  
x (W)  
(H)  
x (
x Heat Load  
(Table 1)  
=
=
=
=
=
=
x
(H)  
x Heat Load  
x Heat Load  
x Heat Load  
x Heat Load  
x Heat Load  
(Table 1)  
(Table 1)  
(Table 1)  
(Table 1)  
(Table 1)  
(W)  
(H)  
East Wall: 
x
(H)  
(W)  
West Wall: 
x (
Floor: (L)  
x (W)  
2. Air Change Load  
Volume:  
cu. ft. x  
Factor (Table 5) x  
Factor (Table 6)  
=
3. Additional Loads  
Electrical Motors:  
Electrical Lights:  
People Load:  
HP x 75000 BTU/HP/24 hr.  
Watts x 82  
=
=
=
=
People x  
BTU/24 hrs. (Table 12)  
Glass Door Load:  
Doors x 31200 BTU/Door/24 hr.  
4. Product Load: (Table 7) (Product Load Figured @ 24 hr. Pulldown*)  
(a)  
lbs./day x  
lbs./day x  
lbs./day x  
Spec. Heat above freezing x  
Latent Heat Fusion  
Spec. Heat below freezing x  
ºF. Intial Temp. Drop  
=
=
=
=
ºF. Intial Temp. Drop  
(b)  
gallons of ice cream/day x  
BTU/gal (Table 19)  
*For product pulldown time other than 24 hrs. figure 24 hr. load x (24/Pulldown Time)  
Total Refrigeration Load (1+2+3+4+5) BTU/24 hrs.  
Add 10% Safety Factor  
Total with Safety/Factor BTU/24 hrs.  
Divide by No. of Operating Hrs. (18) to obtain BTUH Cooling Requirement  
Equipment Selection  
Condensing Unit  
Qty. Model No.  
Unit Cooler  
Model No.  
System Capacity  
BTU/hr.  
Qty.  
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Appendix - Tables  
Table 1  
Wall Heat Loads  
Insulation (Inches)  
Heat Load (BTU Per 24 Hours Per One Square Foot of Outside Surface)  
Cork  
or  
Mineral  
Wool  
k = .30  
Glass  
Fiber or  
Poly-  
Styrene  
Urethane  
(Foamed  
in  
Place)  
k = .12  
Urethane  
(Sprayed)  
Temperature Reduction in ºF.  
(Outside Air Temperature Minus Room Temperature)  
R
k = .26  
k = .16  
2
1
40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120  
1
2
4
8
5.10 204 230 255 281 306 332 357 383 408 434 459 485 510 536 561 587 612  
3.40 136 153 170 187 204 221 238 255 272 289 306 323 340 357 374 391 408  
4
5
3
12.6 1.80 72  
16.4 1.44 58  
19.6 1.20 48  
25 0.90 36  
33 0.72 29  
38.7 0.60 24  
50 0.48 19  
81  
65  
54  
41  
32  
27  
22  
90  
72  
60  
45  
36  
30  
24  
99  
79  
66  
50  
40  
33  
26  
108 117 126 135 144 153 162 171 180 189 198 207 216  
4
2
87  
72  
54  
43  
36  
29  
94 101 108 115 122 130 137 144 151 159 166 173  
6
5
3
4
78  
59  
47  
39  
31  
84  
63  
50  
42  
34  
90  
68  
54  
45  
36  
96  
72  
58  
48  
38  
102 108 114 120 126 132 138 144  
8
6
3
4
77  
61  
51  
41  
81  
65  
54  
43  
86  
68  
57  
46  
90  
72  
60  
48  
95  
76  
63  
51  
99 104 108  
10  
8
79  
66  
53  
83  
69  
55  
86  
72  
58  
10  
6
6
Single window glass  
. 9  
11  
27 1080 1215 1350 1490 1620 1760 1890 2030 2160 2290 2440 2560 2700 2840 2970 3100 3240  
440 495 550 610 660 715 770 825 880 936 990 1050 1100 1160 1210 1270 1320  
Double Window Glass  
Triple Window Glass  
6”Concrete Floor  
2.2  
3.4  
4.8  
7
5
280 315 350 390 420 454 490 525 560 595 630 665 700 740 770 810 840  
200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375 400 425 450 475 500 525 550 575 600  
Note: Above insulation “K”Factors [Thermal Conductivity, BTU  
per (hour) (square foot) (ºF. per inch of thickness)] and heat  
gain factors for Cork and Window Glasses are extracted and  
reprinted by permission from ASHRAE 1972 HANDBOOK OF  
FUNDAMENTALS.  
Insulation Values  
“K”Factor  
“U”Factor  
“R”Factor  
-
-
-
Insulating Value of any material is rated by its thermal conductivity  
Overall coefficient of heat transfer, BTU per hour/per square foot/per degree F.  
Thermal resistances  
K
U
R
=
=
=
UX  
K/X  
1/U  
=
=
=
X/R  
1/R  
X/K  
“X”= Inches of Insulation  
Table 2  
Effective K Factor in Block Thickness of Insulation  
Note: If blocks have 3 holes, add .75 to all of the values shown. The  
above data is being shown for reference purpose only - this is a very  
inefficient method of construction/insulation due to:  
Insulation  
Insul. K Factor  
6”  
8”  
10”  
12”  
Air  
4.65  
.47  
.45  
.38  
.30  
.28  
.24  
.16  
6.94  
2.73  
2.70  
2.62  
2.52  
2.50  
2.45  
2.36  
6.65  
2.67  
2.65  
2.57  
2.49  
2.46  
2.42  
2.33  
6.50  
2.64  
2.62  
2.55  
2.47  
2.45  
2.40  
2.33  
6.40  
2.62  
2.60  
2.53  
2.45  
2.43  
2.40  
2.32  
Vermiculite  
Sawdust  
Cork  
Rock Wool  
Mac. Paper  
Styrofoam  
Polyurethane  
1. Concrete webs are dominant factor in calculating insulating effect.  
2. Filling techniques may leave blocks improperly filled.  
3. No vapor seal present - moisture infiltration decreases insulation  
effect.  
4. If used for freezers, moisture will freeze inside block and break  
out the surface of the block.  
5. Blocks are highly subject to setting cracks- more infiltration.  
Table 3  
Allowance for Sun Effect  
(Fahrenheit degrees to be added to the normal temperature difference for heat leakage  
calculations to compensate for sun effect- not to be used for air conditioning design.)  
Type of  
Surface  
East  
Wall  
South  
Wall  
West  
Wall  
Flat  
Roof  
Dark Colored Surfaces,  
Such as:  
Slate Roofing  
Tar Roofing  
Black Paints  
Light Colored Surface,  
Such as:  
8
4
5
2
8
4
20  
9
White Stone  
Light Colored Cement  
White Paint  
Medium Colored Surface,  
Such as:  
Unpainted Wood  
Brick  
6
4
6
15  
Red Tile  
Dark Cement  
Red, Gray or Green Paint  
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Table 4  
Table 5  
Average air changes per 24 hours for storage rooms  
above 32ºF. (0ºC.) due to door openings and infiltration.  
Average air changes per 24 hours for storage rooms  
below 32ºF. (0ºC.) due to door openings and infiltration.  
Air  
Changes  
Per 24hrs.  
Air  
Changes  
Per 24hrs.  
Air  
Changes  
Per 24hrs.  
Air  
Changes  
Per 24hrs.  
Air  
Changes  
Per 24hrs.  
Air  
Changes  
Per 24hrs.  
Volume  
Cu. Ft.  
Volume  
Cu. Ft.  
Volume  
Cu. Ft.  
Volume  
Cu. Ft.  
Volume  
Cu. Ft.  
Volume  
Cu. Ft.  
200  
250  
300  
400  
500  
600  
800  
1,000  
1,500  
44.0  
38.0  
34.5  
29.5  
26.0  
23.0  
20.0  
17.5  
14.0  
2,000  
3,000  
4,000  
5,000  
6,000  
8,000  
10,000  
15,000  
20,000  
12.0  
9.5  
8.2  
7.2  
6.5  
5.5  
4.9  
3.9  
3.5  
25,000  
30,000  
40,000  
50,000  
75,000  
100,000  
150,000  
200,000  
300,000  
3.0  
2.7  
2.3  
2.0  
1.6  
1.4  
1.2  
1.1  
1.0  
200  
250  
300  
400  
500  
600  
800  
1,000  
1,500  
33.5  
29.0  
26.2  
22.5  
20.0  
18.0  
15.3  
13.5  
11.0  
2,000  
3,000  
4,000  
5,000  
6,000  
8,000  
10,000  
15,000  
20,000  
9.3  
7.4  
6.3  
5.6  
5.0  
4.3  
3.8  
3.0  
2.6  
25,000  
30,000  
40,000  
50,000  
75,000  
100,000  
150,000  
200,000  
300,000  
2.3  
2.1  
1.8  
1.6  
1.3  
1.1  
1.0  
0.9  
0.85  
Note: For heavy usage multiply the above values by 2.0  
For long storage multiply the above values by 0.6  
Table 6  
Heat removed in cooling air storage room conditions  
(BTU per Cu. Ft.)  
Storage  
Room  
Temp.  
Temperature of Outside Air  
90ºF. (32.2ºC.)  
Relative Humidity of Outside Air, %  
40ºF. (4.4ºC.)  
50ºF. (10ºC.)  
85ºF. (29.4ºC.)  
95ºF. (35ºC.)  
100ºF. (37.8ºC.)  
ºF.  
55  
50  
45  
40  
35  
30  
25  
20  
15  
10  
5
0
-5  
-10  
-15  
-20  
-25  
-30  
ºC.  
12.8  
10.0  
7.2  
4.4  
1.7  
-1.1  
-3.9  
-6.7  
-9.4  
-12.2  
-15.0  
-17.8  
-20.6  
-23.3  
-26.1  
-28.9  
-31.7  
-34.4  
70  
–
–
–
–
80  
–
–
–
–
70  
–
–
–
–
80  
–
–
–
–
50  
60  
50  
60  
50  
60  
50  
60  
1.12  
1.32  
1.50  
1.69  
1.86  
2.00  
2.09  
2.27  
2.45  
2.57  
2.76  
2.92  
3.04  
3.19  
3.29  
3.49  
3.61  
3.86  
1.34  
1.54  
1.73  
1.92  
2.09  
2.24  
2.42  
2.61  
2.74  
2.87  
3.07  
3.23  
3.36  
3.49  
3.60  
3.72  
3.84  
4.05  
1.41  
1.62  
1.80  
2.00  
2.17  
2.26  
2.44  
2.62  
2.80  
2.93  
3.12  
3.28  
3.41  
3.56  
3.67  
3.88  
4.00  
4.21  
1.66  
1.87  
2.06  
2.26  
2.43  
2.53  
2.71  
2.90  
3.07  
3.20  
3.40  
3.56  
3.69  
3.85  
3.96  
4.18  
4.30  
4.51  
1.72  
1.93  
2.12  
2.31  
2.49  
2.64  
2.79  
2.97  
3.16  
3.29  
3.48  
3.64  
3.78  
3.93  
4.05  
4.27  
4.39  
4.56  
2.01  
2.22  
2.42  
2.62  
2.79  
2.94  
3.16  
3.35  
3.54  
3.66  
3.87  
4.03  
4.18  
4.33  
4.46  
4.69  
4.80  
5.00  
2.06  
2.28  
2.47  
2.67  
2.85  
2.95  
3.14  
3.33  
3.51  
3.64  
3.84  
4.01  
4.15  
4.31  
4.42  
4.66  
4.78  
4.90  
2.44  
2.65  
2.85  
3.65  
3.24  
3.35  
3.54  
3.73  
3.92  
4.04  
4.27  
4.43  
4.57  
4.74  
4.86  
5.10  
5.21  
5.44  
–
–
0.36  
0.58  
0.75  
0.91  
1.06  
1.19  
1.34  
1.48  
1.59  
1.73  
1.85  
2.01  
2.12  
2.29  
0.41  
0.66  
0.83  
0.99  
1.14  
1.27  
1.42  
1.56  
1.67  
1.81  
1.92  
2.00  
2.21  
2.38  
0.24  
0.41  
0.56  
0.71  
0.85  
0.98  
1.12  
1.23  
1.35  
1.50  
1.63  
1.77  
1.90  
0.29  
0.45  
0.61  
0.75  
0.89  
1.03  
1.17  
1.28  
1.41  
1.53  
1.68  
1.80  
1.95  
Table 3, 4 & 5 extracted and reprinted by permission from ASHRAE 1972 Handbook of Fundamentals.  
Table 6 extracted and reprinted by permission from ASHRAE 1967 Handbook of Fundamentals.  
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Table 7  
Storage requirements and properties of perishable products  
Specific  
Heat  
Above  
Freezing  
BTU/lb./F  
Specific  
Heat  
Below  
Freezing  
BTU/lb./F  
Latent  
Heat  
of  
Fusion  
BTU/lb.  
Product  
Loading  
Density  
Approx.  
lb./Cu. Ft.  
Storage Conditions  
Highest  
Freezing  
Point  
Storage  
Temp.  
ºF.  
Relative  
Humidity  
%
Approximate  
Storage  
Life*  
Commodity  
(Alphabetical Listing)  
ºF.  
Apples  
Apricots  
Artichokes (Globe)  
Asparagus  
Avocados  
Bananas  
Beans (Green or Snap)  
Lima  
30 - 40  
31 - 32  
31 - 32  
32 - 36  
45 - 55  
55 - 65  
40 - 45  
32 - 40  
35 - 40  
35 - 40  
32  
31 - 32  
31 - 32  
—
35 - 40  
32  
90  
90  
95  
3 -8 months  
1 - 2 weeks  
2 weeks  
2 -3 weeks  
2 -4 weeks  
—
7 - 10 days  
1 week  
3 - 8 weeks  
3 - 6 months  
4 - 6 months  
3 days  
29.3  
30.1  
29.9  
30.9  
31.5  
30.6  
30.7  
31.0  
28.0  
28.0  
30.1  
30.5  
29.7  
16 to 20  
—
29.0  
30.5  
30.4  
29.5  
29.0  
31.1  
29.0  
28.8  
95 - 85  
—
0.87  
0.88  
0.87  
0.94  
0.72  
0.80  
0.91  
0.73  
0.92  
0.92  
0.90  
0.88  
0.86  
0.70  
0.75  
0.92  
0.88  
0.94  
0.90  
0.93  
0.95  
0.87  
0.84  
0.55  
—
0.45  
0.46  
0.45  
0.48  
0.40  
0.42  
0.47  
0.40  
—
121  
122  
120  
134  
94  
108  
128  
94  
129  
129  
126  
122  
118  
46 - 53  
—
130  
122  
132  
126  
132  
135  
120  
—
28  
30  
—
25  
19  
—
14  
—
—
—
23  
19  
19  
—
—
13  
—
17  
22  
16  
30  
18  
—
—
—
—
—
—
16  
22  
20  
—
95  
85 - 90  
85 - 90  
90 - 95  
90  
Beer, Keg  
—
Bottles, Cans  
Beets, Topped  
Blackberries  
Blueberries  
Bread, Baked  
Dough  
Broccoli, Sprouting  
Brussels Sprouts  
Cabbage  
Carrots, Topped, Mature  
Cauliflower  
Celery  
Cherries, Sour  
Sweet  
Chocolate (Coating)  
Cocoa  
Coconut  
Coffee (Green)  
Collards  
Corn, Sweet (Fresh)  
Cranberries  
Cucumbers  
Currants  
65 or below  
95 - 100  
95  
90 - 95  
—
85 - 90  
95  
95  
—
0.46  
0.46  
0.45  
0.34  
—
0.47  
0.46  
0.47  
0.46  
0.47  
0.48  
—
—
0.30  
—
0.34  
0.24  
—
0.42  
0.46  
0.49  
0.45  
2 weeks  
1 - 3 months  
3 - 72 hours  
10 - 14 days  
3 - 5 weeks  
3 - 4 months  
5 - 9 months  
2 - 4 weeks  
1 - 2 months  
3 - 7 days  
2 - 3 weeks  
2 - 3 months  
1 year, plus  
1 - 2 months  
2 - 4 months  
10 - 14 days  
4 - 8 days  
32  
32  
32  
32  
95 - 100  
98 - 100  
95  
32  
95  
31 - 32  
30 - 31  
50 - 65  
32 - 40  
32 - 45  
35 - 37  
32  
90 - 95  
90 - 95  
40 - 50  
50 - 70  
80 - 85  
80 - 85  
95  
40  
—
67  
147 - 21  
—
106  
124  
137  
120  
30.4  
—
30.6  
30.9  
30.4  
31.1  
30.2  
0.58  
0.30  
0.90  
0.79  
0.90  
0.97  
0.88  
32  
95  
36 - 40  
50 - 55  
31 - 32  
90 - 95  
90 - 95  
90 - 95  
2 - 4 months  
10 - 14 days  
10 - 14 days  
Daily Products  
Cheddar Cheese  
Processed Cheese  
Butter  
Cream  
Ice Cream  
40  
40  
40  
65 - 70  
65 - 70  
75 - 85  
—
6 months  
12 months  
1 months  
2 - 3 weeks  
3 - 12 months  
8.0  
19.0  
-4 to 31  
31.0  
0.50  
0.50  
0.50  
0.66 - 0.80  
0.66 - 0.70  
0.31  
0.31  
0.25  
0.36 - 0.42  
0.37 - 0.39  
53  
56  
23  
79 - 107  
86  
40  
40  
—
—
25  
35 - 40  
-20 to -15  
—
21.0  
Milk, Fluid Whole  
Pasteurized, Grade A  
Condensed Sweet  
Evaporated  
Dates (Dried)  
Dewberries  
Dried Fruits  
Eggplant  
32 - 34  
40  
40  
—
—
—
75 or less  
90 - 95  
50 - 60  
90 - 95  
80 - 85  
70 - 75  
—
2 - 4 months  
15 months  
24 months  
6 - 12 months  
3 days  
9 - 12 months  
7 - 10 days  
5 - 6 months  
2 - 3 weeks  
1 year, plus  
2 - 3 weeks  
9 - 12 months  
7 - 10 says  
5 - 15 days  
15 days  
31.0  
5.0  
29.5  
3.7  
27.0  
—
30.6  
28.0  
28.0  
28.0  
31.9  
—
27.6  
28.0  
28  
0.93  
0.42  
0.79  
0.36  
0.88  
0.31 - 0.41  
0.94  
0.73  
0.73  
0.73  
0.94  
0.39  
0.82  
0.70 - 0.86  
0.82  
0.71  
0.70  
0.83 - 0.90  
0.76  
—
0.69  
0.90  
0.91  
0.86  
0.86  
0.91  
0.86  
0.35  
0.78  
0.89  
0.92  
0.88  
0.91  
0.96  
0.46  
0.46  
0.28  
0.42  
0.26  
—
125  
40  
106  
29  
—
—
—
24  
—
45  
—
19  
19  
41  
—
45  
21  
—
35  
33  
—
—
35  
—
—
19  
30  
29  
29  
32  
—
—
—
—
—
—
33  
25  
0 or 32  
31 - 32  
32  
45 - 50  
29 - 31  
50 - 55  
0 or below  
32  
32 - 40  
31 - 32  
30 - 35  
30 - 35  
30 - 35  
40 - 50  
30 - 33  
30 - 35  
34 - 40  
32  
31 - 32  
50 - 60  
31 - 32  
30 - 31  
32  
—
0.26  
0.48  
0.40  
0.40  
0.42  
0.48  
0.27  
0.43  
0.38 - 0.45  
0.43  
0.39  
0.39  
0.44 - 0.46  
0.41  
—
0.40  
0.46  
0.46  
0.44  
0.44  
0.48  
—
20 - 37  
132  
96  
Egg, Shell  
Shell, Farm Cooler  
Frozen, Whole  
Endive (Escarole)  
Figs, Dried  
Fresh  
Fish, Fresh  
Haddock, Cod  
Salmon  
Smoked  
Shellfish, Fresh  
Tuna  
Furs and Fabric  
Garlic, Dry  
Gooseberries  
Grapefruit  
Grapes, American Type  
European Type  
Greens, Leafy  
Guavas  
Honey  
Horseradish  
Kale  
Kohlrabi  
Leeks, Green  
Lemons  
Lettuce Head  
Limes 48 - 50  
96  
106  
132  
34  
112  
89 - 112  
112  
92  
95  
50 - 60  
85 - 90  
90 - 95  
90 - 95  
90 - 95  
50 - 60  
86 - 95  
90 - 95  
45 - 55  
65 - 70  
90 - 95  
85 - 90  
85 - 90  
90 - 95  
95  
15 days  
6 - 8 months  
3 - 7 days  
28  
—
92  
28.0  
28.0  
—
30.5  
30.0  
30.0  
29.7  
28.1  
30.0  
—
113 - 125  
100  
—
15 days  
several years  
6 - 7 months  
2 - 4 weeks  
4 - 6 weeks  
2 - 8 weeks  
3 - 6 months  
10 - 14 days  
2 - 3 weeks  
1 year, plus  
10 - 12 months  
3 - 4 months  
2 - 4 weeks  
1 - 3 months  
1 - 6 months  
2 - 3 weeks  
29.1  
89  
126  
126  
116  
116  
136  
—
45 - 50  
38 - 50  
30 - 32  
32  
32  
32  
32 or 50 - 58  
32 - 34  
85 - 90  
90  
50 - 60  
95 - 100  
95  
95  
95  
85 - 90  
95 - 100  
6 - 8 weeks  
—
0.26  
0.42  
0.46  
0.47  
0.46  
0.46  
0.48  
122  
26  
28.7  
31.1  
30.2  
30.7  
29.4  
31.7  
0.89  
104  
124  
128  
126  
127  
136  
32  
* Not based on maintaining nutritional value.  
Reprinted by permission from 1974 ASHRAE Applications Handbook.  
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Table 7 Continued  
Specific  
Heat  
Above  
Freezing  
BTU/lb./ºF  
Specific  
Heat  
Below  
Freezing  
BTU/lb./ºF  
Latent  
Heat  
of  
Fusion  
BTU/lb.  
Product  
Loading  
Density  
Approx.  
lb/Cu. Ft.  
Storage Conditions  
Highest  
Freezing  
Point  
Storage  
Temp.  
ºF.  
Relative  
Humidity  
%
Approximate  
Storage  
Life*  
Commodity  
(Alphabetical Listing)  
ºF.  
Maple Sugar  
Mangoes  
Meat  
Bacon, Cured (Farm Style)  
Game, Fresh  
Beef, Fresh  
Hams and Shoulders, Fresh  
Cured  
Lamb Fresh  
Livers, Frozen  
Pork, Fresh  
Smoked Sausage  
Fresh  
75 - 80  
55  
60 - 65  
85 - 90  
1 year, plus  
2 - 3 weeks  
—
30.3  
0.24  
0.85  
0.21  
0.44  
7
117  
—
—
60 - 65  
32  
85  
80 - 85  
88 - 92  
85 - 90  
50 - 60  
85 - 90  
90 - 95  
85 - 90  
85 - 90  
85 - 90  
90 - 95  
90 - 95  
90 - 95  
80 - 90  
90  
4 - 6 months  
1 - 6 weeks  
1 - 6 weeks  
7 - 12 days  
0 - 3 years  
5 - 12 days  
3 - 4 months  
3 - 7 days  
—
28 - 29  
28 - 29  
28 - 29  
—
28 - 29  
—
0.30 - 0.43  
0.80  
0.70 - 0.84  
0.58 - 0.63  
0.52 - 0.56  
0.68 - 0.76  
—
0.46 - 0.55  
0.68  
0.89  
0.71 - 0.76  
0.93  
0.94  
0.97  
0.93  
0.93  
0.90  
0.22 - 0.25  
0.92  
0.38  
0.80  
0.90  
0.91  
0.90  
0.91  
0.82  
0.88  
0.84  
0.90  
0.86  
0.79  
0.94  
0.30  
0.84  
0.88  
0.88  
0.87  
0.31  
0.85  
0.82  
0.79  
0.57  
0.64  
0.92  
0.88  
0.95  
0.47  
0.74  
0.84  
0.87  
0.96  
0.91  
0.83  
0.94  
0.95  
0.91  
0.92  
0.24  
0.75  
0.48  
0.90  
—
—
0.95  
0.94  
0.93  
0.90  
0.79  
0.24 - 0.29  
0.42  
0.38 - 0.43  
0.34 - 0.36  
0.32 - 0.33  
0.38 - 0.51  
0.41  
0.30 - 0.33  
0.38  
0.56  
0.39 - 0.41  
0.48  
0.48  
0.48  
0.47  
0.49  
0.49  
0.21 - 0.22  
0.46  
0.25  
0.42  
0.46  
—
0.46  
0.47  
0.47  
0.45  
0.44  
0.46  
0.45  
0.42  
0.47  
0.24  
0.43  
0.45  
0.45  
0.48  
0.24  
0.44  
0.43  
0.42  
0.34  
0.37  
0.47  
0.45  
0.48  
0.32  
0.40  
0.44  
0.45  
0.48  
0.47  
0.44  
0.48  
0.48  
0.48  
0.42  
0.21  
0.40  
0.31  
0.46  
—
—
0.48  
0.48  
0.47  
0.45  
0.40  
18 - 41  
115  
89 - 110  
67 - 77  
57 - 64  
86 - 100  
100  
46 - 63  
86  
57  
—
—
37  
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
25  
24  
27  
—
64  
—
25  
—
—
—
—
22  
34  
—
—
—
36  
33  
47  
23  
41  
—
—
25  
22  
—
—
42  
—
38  
—
25  
—
—
—
45  
22  
—
—
—
—
—
31  
—
—
40  
—
25  
—
—
—
—
25  
21  
—
25  
—
32 - 34  
32 - 34  
60 - 65  
32 - 34  
-10 - 0  
32 - 34  
40 - 45  
32  
32 - 34  
36 - 40  
45 - 50  
40 - 50  
32  
34 - 40  
31 - 32  
32 - 50  
45 - 50  
35  
45 - 50  
32  
28 - 29  
—
6 months  
1 - 2 weeks  
5 - 10 days  
5 - 15 days  
3 - 4 weeks  
2 - 3 weeks  
3 - 4 days  
26.0  
28 - 29  
29.9  
30.3  
31.3  
30.4  
31  
30.4  
—
28.7  
—
29.4  
30.6  
30.4  
30.6  
—
30.4  
30.0  
30.4  
30.3  
29.2  
30.9  
30.7  
—
28.1  
30.0  
30.5  
26.6  
—
30.9  
30.9  
27.0  
27.0  
27.0  
30.5  
28.4  
30.7  
—
93  
Veal, Fresh  
92 - 100  
132  
132  
132  
130  
124  
119  
4 - 8  
128  
22  
Melons, Cantaloupe  
Honeydew and Honey Ball  
Watermelons  
Mushrooms  
Milk  
Nectarines  
Nuts (dried)  
Okra  
Oleomargarine  
Olives, Fresh  
Onions (Dry) and Onion Sets  
Green  
Oranges  
Orange Juice, Chilled  
Papayas  
Parsley  
Parsnip  
Peaches and Nectarines  
Pears  
Peas, Green  
Peppers, Sweet  
Peppers, Chili (Dry)  
Persimmons  
Pineapples, Ripe  
Plums, Including Fresh Prunes  
Pomegranates  
Popcorn, Unopened  
Potatoes, Early Crop  
Late Crop  
Poultry, Fresh Chicken  
Fresh Goose  
Fresh Turkey  
Pumpkins  
—
90  
7 days  
2 - 4 weeks  
8 - 12 months  
7 - 10 days  
1 year, plus  
4 - 6 weeks  
1 - 8 months  
3 - 4 weeks  
3 -12 weeks  
3 - 6 weeks  
1 - 3 weeks  
1 - 2 months  
4 - 6 months  
2 - 4 weeks  
2 - 7 months  
1 - 3 weeks  
2 - 3 weeks  
6 months  
3 - 4 months  
2 - 4 weeks  
2 - 4 weeks  
2 - 4 weeks  
4 - 6 months  
0 - 2 months  
5 - 8 months  
1 week  
65 - 75  
90 - 95  
60 - 70  
85 - 90  
65 - 70  
95  
85 - 90  
—
85 - 90  
95  
98 - 100  
90  
90 - 95  
95  
90 - 95  
60 - 70  
90  
85 - 90  
90 - 95  
90  
85  
90  
90  
85 - 90  
85 - 90  
85 - 90  
70 - 75  
90  
108  
124  
—
32  
32 - 48  
30 - 35  
45  
32  
32  
31 - 32  
29 - 31  
32  
45 - 50  
32 - 50  
30  
45  
31 - 32  
32  
32 - 40  
50 - 55  
38 - 50  
32  
32  
32  
50 - 55  
31 - 32  
32  
124  
128  
130  
122  
112  
124  
118  
106  
132  
17  
112  
122  
118  
112  
19  
116  
111  
106  
67  
1 week  
1 week  
2 - 3 months  
2 - 3 months  
3 - 4 weeks  
9 - 12 months  
1 - 5 days  
79  
130  
122  
134  
43  
Quinces  
Radishes- Spring, Prepacked  
Raisins (Dried)  
Rabbits, Fresh  
Raspberries, Black  
Red  
Rhubarb  
Rutabagas  
95  
40  
60 - 70  
90 - 95  
90 - 95  
90 - 95  
95  
98 - 100  
98 - 100  
95  
85 - 95  
70 - 75  
90 - 95  
60 - 65  
85 - 90  
60 - 70  
85 - 90  
50- 56  
60 - 65  
85 - 90  
85 - 90  
95  
32 - 34  
31 - 32  
31 - 32  
32  
32  
32  
—
98  
2 - 3 days  
2 - 3 days  
30.0  
30.9  
30.3  
30.1  
30.0  
31.5  
31.1  
30.3  
30.6  
—
122  
121  
134  
127  
113  
132  
135  
127  
129  
7
97  
51  
125  
—
—
2 - 4 weeks  
4 - 6 moths  
2 - 4 months  
10 - 14 days  
5 - 14 days  
4 - 6 months  
5 - 7 days  
1 year, plus  
4 - 7 months  
1 year, plus  
2 - 4 weeks  
6 months  
2 months  
1 - 3 weeks  
4 - 7 days  
4 - 5 months  
1 - 4 weeks  
3 - 6 months  
Salsify  
Spinach  
32  
Squash, Summer  
Winter  
Strawberries, Fresh  
Sugar, Maple  
Sweet Potatoes  
Syrup, Maple  
Tangerines  
Tobacco, Cigarettes  
Cigars  
Tomatoes, Mature Green  
Firm Ripe  
32 - 50  
50 - 55  
31 - 32  
75 - 80  
55 - 60  
31  
32 - 38  
35 - 46  
35 - 50  
55 - 70  
45 - 50  
32  
29.7  
—
30.1  
25.0  
25.0  
31.0  
31.1  
30.1  
30.0  
28.5  
134  
134  
130  
130  
105  
Turnips, Roots  
Vegetables (Mixed)  
Yams  
32 - 40  
60  
90 - 95  
85 - 90  
Yeast, Compressed  
Baker’s  
31 - 32  
—
—
—
0.77  
0.41  
102  
—
* Not based on maintaining nutritional value.  
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Table 8  
Heat of Respiration (Approx.)  
BTU / LB. / 24 Hrs.  
Storage Temperature Degree F.  
40ºF.  
Product  
32ºF.  
60ºF.  
ºF. Other  
F R U I T S  
0.55 - 0.80  
0.70 - 1.00  
—
Apples  
Apricots  
Avocados  
Bananas  
Blackberries  
Blueberries  
Cherries  
Cherries, Sour  
Cranberries  
Figs, Mission  
Gooseberries  
Grapefruit  
0.25 - 0.45  
0.55 - 0.63  
—
1.50 - 3.40  
2.33 - 3.74  
6.60 - 15.35  
2.30 - 2.75  
7.71 - 15.97  
3.75 - 6.50  
5.50 - 6.60  
3.00 - 5.49  
—
2.37 - 3.52  
2.37 - 3.52  
1.10 - 2.00  
1.75  
—
—
@ 68º 4.2 – 4.6  
@ 70º 5.7 - 7.5  
1.70 - 2.52  
0.65 - 1.10  
0.65 - 0.90  
0.63 - 1.44  
0.30 - 0.35  
—
0.74 - 0.96  
0.20 - 0.50  
0.30  
5.91 - 5.00  
1.00 - 1.35  
1.40 - 1.45  
1.41 - 1.45  
0.45 - 0.50  
1.18 - 1.45  
1.33 - 1.48  
0.35 - 0.65  
0.60  
Grapes - American  
Grapes - European  
Lemons  
0.15 - 0.20  
0.25 - 0.45  
—
0.35 - 0.65  
0.30 - 0.95  
0.45  
1.10 - 1.30  
1.15 - 2.50  
1.485  
Limes  
Melons - Cantaloupe  
Melons - Honey Dew  
Oranges  
Peaches  
Pears  
0.55 - 0.63  
—
0.96 - 1.11  
0.45 - 0.55  
0.65 - 0.80  
0.70 – 1.00  
2.20  
0.45 - 0.75  
3.40 - 4.25  
1.80 - 3.40  
2.93  
3.70 - 4.22  
1.20 - 1.65  
1.85 - 2.60  
3.65 – 4.65  
4.40 - 6.60  
1.20 - 1.40  
9.05 - 11.15  
7.80 - 10.15  
—
0.22 - 0.50  
0.45 - 0.70  
0.35 - 0.45  
0.20 - 0.35  
1.95 - 2.75  
1.35 - 1.90  
1.63  
Plums  
Raspberries  
Strawberries  
Tangerines  
V E G E TA B L E S  
3.48 - 6.56  
5.85 - 11.55  
4.60 - 5.70  
2.15 - 3.05  
2.05  
Artichokes (Globe)  
Asparagus  
Beans, Green or Snap  
Beans, Lima  
Beets, Topped  
Broccoli  
2.48 - 4.93  
2.95 - 6.60  
—
1.15 - 1.60  
1.35  
3.75  
1.65 - 4.15  
0.60  
8.49 - 15.90  
11.00 - 25.75  
16.05 - 22.05  
11.00 - 13.70  
3.60  
16.90 - 25.00  
6.60 - 13.75  
2.05  
5.50 - 8.80  
3.30 - 5.50  
0.85  
Brussels Sprouts  
Cabbage  
Carrots, Topped  
Cauliflower  
Celery  
1.05  
1.80 - 2.10  
0.80  
1.75  
2.10 - 2.40  
1.20  
4.05  
4.70 - 5.40  
4.10  
Corn, Sweet  
Cucumber  
Garlic  
Horseradish  
Kohlrabi  
3.60 - 5.65  
—
0.33 - 1.19  
0.89  
5.30 - 6.60  
—
0.63 - 1.08  
1.19  
19.20  
1.65 - 3.65  
1.18 - 3.00  
3.59  
1.11  
1.78  
5.37  
Leeks  
1.04 - 1.78  
1.15  
2.25  
3.10  
—
2.15 - 3.19  
1.35  
3.20  
7.80  
6.05  
9.08 - 12.82  
3.95  
Lettuce, Head  
Lettuce, Leaf  
Mushrooms  
Okra  
7.20  
—
15.8  
@ 50º 11.0  
Olives  
Onions, Dry  
Onions, Green  
Peas, Green  
—
—
0.90  
3.00 - 7.50  
6.60 - 8.00  
2.35  
1.30  
0.65 - 0.90  
0.85  
2.11 - 2.30  
0.85 - 0.89  
1.19 - 2.00  
3.95 - 5.60  
1.55 - 2.04  
0.55  
2.37 - 4.26  
1.20  
7.25 - 10.70  
19.65 - 22.25  
4.25  
1.45 - 3.40  
0.75 - 1.30  
2.15 - 3.15  
7.67 - 8.50  
3.04 - 3.59  
3.41 - 4.97  
18.45 - 19.00  
8.23 - 9.97  
3.10  
0.35 - 0.55  
1.15 - 2.45  
4.10 - 4.20  
1.35  
Peppers, Sweet  
Potatoes, Immature  
Potatoes, Mature  
Potatoes, Sweet  
Radishes with Top  
Radishes, Topped  
Rhubarb, Topped  
Spinach  
Squash Yellow  
Tomatoes, Mature Green  
Tomatoes, Ripe  
Turnips  
—
—
—
1.59 - 1.89  
0.59 - 0.63  
0.89 - 1.44  
2.10 - 2.45  
1.30 - 1.41  
—
0.50  
0.95  
0.65  
1.10  
2.80  
2.65  
Vegetables, Mixed  
2.00  
4.00  
—
M I S C E L L A N E O U S  
Caviar, Tub  
Cheese, American  
Camembert  
Limburger  
Roquefort  
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1.91  
2.34  
2.46  
2.46  
—
—
—
—
—
@ 45º 2.0  
Swiss  
—
2.33  
Flowers, Cut  
0.24 BTU / 24 Hrs. / Sq. Ft. Floor Area  
17  
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Table 9  
Table 13  
Heat Loads of Keg and Bottled Beer  
(BTU / 24 HR)  
General standard for insulation thickness in storage rooms  
Type and Size  
of Container  
Wood  
Temperature Reduction of Beer only. ºF.  
Storage  
Temperature  
Desirable Insulation  
Thickness in Inches  
60  
50 40 30 20 15  
10  
5
ºF.  
ºC.  
Styrofoam  
Urethane  
One Keg  
Half Keg  
Quarter Keg  
Eighth Keg  
Aluminum  
Half Keg  
Quarter Keg  
Eighth Keg  
Steel  
Half Keg  
Quarter Keg  
Bottles  
6 oz.  
7 oz.  
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
12000 9000 6000 4500 3000 1500  
5600 4650 3100 2325 1550 775  
3200 2400 1600 1200 800 400  
-50º to -25º  
-25º to -0º  
0º to 25º  
-45º to -32º  
-32º to -18º  
-18º to -4º  
-4º to 5º  
8
6
6
4
4
2
4
4
3 - 4  
2
1640 1230 820 615  
410 205  
25º to 40º  
40º and up  
+5º and up  
—
—
—
—
—
—
5200 3900 2600 1950 1300 650  
2560 1920 1280 960  
1400 1050 700 525  
640 320  
350 175  
Table 14  
Heat gain due to operation of battery operated lift truck  
—
—
—
—
4800 3600 2600 1800 1200 600  
2400 1800 1200 900 600 300  
Battery  
operated  
load capacity  
lb.  
Heat Gain  
per hour of  
truck operation  
BTU / hr.*  
14,000  
Approximate  
total weight  
of lift truck  
lb.  
32  
37  
42  
47  
60  
27  
31  
35  
38  
50  
22  
25  
28  
30  
40  
16  
20  
21  
23  
30  
10.8  
124  
14.0 10.5  
15.2 11.4  
8.1  
9.3  
5.4  
6.2  
7.0  
76  
2.7  
3.1  
3.5  
3.8  
5.0  
8 oz.  
9 oz.  
12 oz.  
2,000  
4,000  
6,000  
8,000  
21,000  
20  
15  
10  
Cases of 24 - 12 oz.  
Bottles/Cans  
6,000  
8,000  
23,000  
26,000  
12,000  
14,000  
1920 1600 1280 960 640 480  
320 160  
* Heat gain from lift trucks with internal combustion engines can  
be approximated by multiplying the engine horsepower by 2,545  
by the number of hours of operation (BTU/24 Hrs.)  
Table 10  
Carcass Weight  
Average  
Weight  
lbs.  
550  
150  
45  
Entering  
Carcass  
Temp. ºF.  
106  
104  
101  
Final  
Carcass  
Temp. ºF.  
35  
Specific  
Heat  
0.77  
0.76  
0.76  
Table 15  
Carcass  
Cattle  
Calves  
Sheep  
Hogs  
Specific heats of various liquids and solids  
35  
33  
Specific Heat  
BTU/lb./ºF.  
Name  
Temp ºF.  
180  
0.54  
106  
35  
Liquids  
Acetic Acid  
Alcohol-Ethyl  
Alcohol-Methyl  
Calcium Chloride  
Brine (20% by wt.)  
Carbon  
Tetrachloride  
Chloroform  
Gasoline  
Glycerine  
Olive Oil  
Toluene  
Turpentine  
0.522  
0.680  
0.610  
79 - 203  
32 - 208  
59 - 68  
Table 11  
Heat equivalent of electric motors  
BTU per (HP) (HR)  
Motor  
0.744  
68  
Connected  
Load  
Outside  
Refr Space3  
1,700  
Connected  
Load In  
Refr Space1  
4,250  
Losses  
0.201  
0.234  
0.500  
0.575  
0.471  
0.404  
0.420  
68  
68  
32 - 212  
59 - 120  
44  
68  
68  
Motor  
HP  
1/8 to 1/2  
1/2 to 3  
3 to 20  
Outside  
Refr Space2  
2,545  
3,700  
2,950  
2,545  
2,545  
1,150  
400  
1 For use when both useful output and motor losses are dissipated  
within refrigerator space: motors driving fans for forced circulation  
unit coolers.  
Solids  
Aluminum  
Asphalt  
Bakelite  
Brickwork  
Brass  
Bronze  
Concrete  
Glass  
Ice  
Ice  
Iron (Cast)  
Lead  
Paper  
Porcelain  
Rubber Goods  
Sand  
Steel  
Woods  
Fir0.650  
Oak  
Pine  
0.214  
0.220  
0.350  
0.200  
0.090  
0.104  
0.156  
0.200  
0.465  
0.487  
0.120  
0.031  
0.320  
0.180  
0.480  
0.191  
0.120  
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
-4  
32  
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2 For use when motor losses are dissipated outside refrigerated space  
and useful work of motor is expended within refrigerated space:  
pump on a circulating brine or chilled water system, fan motor out-  
side refrigerated space driving fan circulating air within refrigerated  
space.  
3 For use when motor heat losses are dissipated within refrigerated  
space and useful work expended outside of refrigerated space: motor  
in refrigerated space driving pump or fan located outside of space.  
Table 12  
Heat equivalent of Occupancy  
Cooler  
Heat Equivalent / Person  
BTU / 24 Hrs.  
17,280  
Temperature ºF.  
50  
40  
30  
20  
10  
0
20,160  
22,800  
25,200  
28,800  
31,200  
33,600  
—
0.570  
0.670  
—
—
-10  
18  
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Banana Ripening Room  
Table 18  
Rapid load selection for back bars  
Banana hands or cluster shipped greens in fiberboard cartons,  
10”x 16”x 22”, holding 42 lb. net (47 lbs. gross weight) with  
864 boxes (3,288) lbs, net in a carload lot. Temperature held 56 to  
58ºF.  
(Based on 2”glass fiber or equivalent insulation and 50ºF., T.D.)  
Back Bar  
Length in feet  
6 Feet  
BTU/Hour Load Based on  
16 Hour Compressor Operation  
1,060  
1,416  
1,770  
2,120  
2,650  
3,540  
8 Feet  
10 Feet  
12 Feet  
15 Feet  
Ripening facility consists of 5 or more air tight rooms to permit a  
completely weekly turn-over (1/2 carload room, measuring 30’x  
6’x 22’H outside, holds 432 boxes packed, 24 boxes each on 18  
pallets stacked 3 high by 6 long). Ripening process started with  
ethylene gas and ripening schedules maintained by control of  
room temperatures.  
20 Feet  
Table 19  
Refrigeration requirements for hardening ice cream  
Heating is provided to bring the load up to temperature before  
ripening process is initiated. 12 to 20 Kw per carload. (Electric  
heater sheath temperature not over 600ºF. in dead still air).  
Overrun  
Percent  
60  
Hardening Load, BTU  
per Gal. Ice Cream  
Evaporators are selected at a T.D. of 15ºF., or less, with evaporator  
temperature controlled at no less than 40ºF. Approximately 12.5  
cfm at 2/3”to 3/4”static per 41 lb. box of bananas.  
532  
500  
470  
447  
425  
405  
386  
70  
80  
90  
100  
110  
120  
Pull down load for 1ºF./hr. pull down rate based on maximum heat  
of respiration of 2.5 BTU/lb. and 0.8 sp. ht. for bananas and 0.4 for  
fiberboard boxing, plus minimal wall losses etc., 80 to 85 BTU/hr./  
box of bananas. Holding load approximately 44 BTU/hr./box.  
Percentage overrun =  
Extracted from ASHRAE 1974 APPLICATION HANDBOOK.  
Loading: 5.3 lbs./Cu. Ft. of box, 11.28 lbs. net per pallet  
Wt. per gal. of mix - Wt. per gal. of ice cream  
100 x  
Wt. per gal. of ice cream  
Ice cream assumed at 25ºF., and 30% frozen, entering  
hardening room.  
Table 16  
Banana Rooms – Refrigeration Requirements  
Number  
Boxes  
Prod.  
432  
864  
1728  
Evaporator  
BTU Per  
10º TD  
36000  
72000  
Approx.  
CFM Air  
Volume  
6000  
12000  
24000  
Elect.  
Heat  
Input  
6Kw  
12Kw  
24Kw  
To retain a smooth texture in hardened ice cream, it  
is necessary to freeze the remaining water content  
rapidly. With forced air circulation, time to harden  
will be about 10 hours with room maintained at  
-20. Hardening rooms are usually sized to allow for  
minimum of 3 times the daily peak production and for  
a stock of all flavors with the size based on 10 gallons  
per sq. ft. stacked solid 6 ft. high, including space for  
isles.  
Room  
Size  
1/2 Car  
1 Car  
2 Car  
144000  
Table 17  
Meat Cutting/Prep Room Load  
(BTU/HR/SQ FT of floor area)  
Approx. 65% R.H.  
Floor  
SQ FT  
Room Temp.  
Reprinted by permission from  
ASHRAE 1974 APPLICATION HANDBOOK  
55ºF.  
93  
88  
85  
81  
78  
75  
72  
69  
67  
65  
62  
50ºF.  
105  
99  
95  
90  
87  
85  
81  
78  
Room Loads based on continuous  
operation and includes allowance  
for average number of personnel,  
processing equipment, etc., with  
glass panel in one wall and walls  
and ceiling insulated with 3”of  
styrene with box located in air  
conditioned area. Evaporator  
should be low outlet velocity type  
to avoid drafts and should be  
selected for continuous operation  
and not less than 30ºF. evap. temp.  
100  
200  
300  
400  
500  
600  
700  
800  
900  
1000  
1200  
Table 20  
Glass Door Loads  
Box  
Temperature  
BTU per  
Door  
1060  
960  
1730  
1730  
1730  
+35  
+30  
0
-10  
-20  
75  
73  
69  
* Adjusted for 16-18 hour run time. Multiply number of doors  
times door load above and add to box load.  
19  
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Table 21  
Extracted by permission from Handbook of Air Conditioning, Heating and  
Ventilation. Second Edition, by Strock and Koral, Industrial Press.  
Summer outside air and ground temperature design conditions  
Design  
Dry Bulb Wet Bulb  
Design  
Ground  
Temp.  
Design  
Dry Bulb Wet Bulb  
Design  
Ground  
Temp.  
ºF.  
State  
Alabama  
City  
Birmingham  
Mobile  
ºF.  
95  
95  
ºC.  
35  
35  
ºF.  
78  
80  
ºC.  
26  
27  
ºF.  
70  
75  
ºC.  
21  
24  
State  
Nebraska  
City  
Omaha  
ºF.  
95  
ºC.  
35  
ºF.  
78  
ºC.  
26  
ºC.  
16  
60  
Nevada  
Reno  
95  
90  
35  
32  
65  
73  
18  
23  
65  
55  
18  
13  
Alaska  
Fairbanks  
82  
28  
64  
18  
40  
4
New Hamp.  
New Jersey  
Concord  
Arizona  
Phoenix  
Tucson  
Yuma  
105  
105  
110  
41  
41  
43  
76  
72  
78  
24  
22  
26  
80  
80  
80  
27  
27  
27  
Atlantic City  
Newark  
Trenton  
95  
95  
95  
35  
35  
35  
78  
75  
78  
26  
24  
26  
65  
65  
65  
18  
18  
18  
Arkansas  
California  
Little Rock  
95  
35  
78  
26  
70  
21  
New Mexico  
New York  
Santa Fe  
90  
32  
65  
18  
65  
18  
Bakersfield  
Fresno  
Los Angeles  
San Francisco  
105  
105  
85  
41  
41  
29  
29  
70  
74  
65  
65  
21  
23  
18  
18  
75  
80  
65  
65  
24  
27  
18  
18  
Albany  
Buffalo  
New York  
93  
93  
95  
34  
34  
35  
75  
73  
75  
24  
23  
24  
60  
65  
65  
16  
18  
18  
85  
Colorado  
Denver  
95  
35  
64  
18  
60  
16  
N. Carolina  
Asheville  
Charlotte  
Raleigh  
93  
95  
95  
34  
35  
35  
75  
78  
78  
24  
26  
26  
70  
70  
70  
21  
21  
21  
Connecticut  
Hartford  
New Heaven  
93  
95  
34  
35  
75  
75  
24  
24  
65  
65  
18  
18  
North Dakota Bismarck  
95  
35  
73  
23  
50  
10  
Delaware  
Dist. of Col.  
Florida  
Wilmington  
Washington  
95  
95  
35  
35  
78  
78  
26  
26  
65  
65  
18  
18  
Ohio  
Cincinnati  
Cleveland  
Columbus  
Toledo  
95  
95  
95  
95  
35  
35  
35  
35  
78  
75  
76  
75  
26  
24  
24  
24  
65  
65  
60  
65  
18  
18  
16  
18  
Jacksonville  
Miami  
Tampa  
95  
91  
95  
35  
33  
35  
78  
79  
78  
26  
26  
26  
80  
80  
80  
27  
27  
27  
Oklahoma  
Oregon  
Okla. City  
Tulsa  
101  
101  
38  
38  
77  
77  
25  
25  
65  
65  
18  
18  
Georgia  
Atlanta  
Augusta  
Savannah  
95  
98  
95  
35  
37  
35  
76  
76  
78  
24  
24  
26  
72  
75  
75  
21  
24  
24  
Portland  
90  
32  
68  
20  
70  
21  
Pennsylvania Erie  
Philadelphia  
93  
95  
95  
95  
34  
35  
35  
35  
75  
78  
75  
75  
24  
26  
24  
24  
65  
70  
65  
65  
18  
21  
18  
18  
Hawaii  
Idaho  
Honolulu  
Boise  
85  
95  
29  
35  
73  
65  
23  
18  
80  
60  
27  
16  
Pittsburgh  
Scranton  
Illinois  
Chicago  
Peoria  
95  
96  
35  
36  
75  
76  
24  
24  
60  
60  
16  
16  
Rhode Island Providence  
93  
34  
75  
24  
65  
18  
S. Carolina  
Charleston  
Greenville  
95  
95  
35  
35  
75  
76  
26  
24  
75  
75  
24  
24  
Indiana  
Iowa  
Fort Wayne  
Indianapolis  
95  
95  
35  
35  
75  
76  
24  
24  
60  
60  
16  
16  
South Dakota Sioux Falls  
95  
35  
75  
24  
55  
13  
Des Moines  
Sioux City  
95  
95  
35  
35  
78  
78  
26  
26  
60  
60  
16  
16  
Tennessee  
Chattanooga  
Knoxville  
Memphis  
Nashville  
95  
95  
95  
95  
35  
35  
35  
35  
76  
75  
78  
78  
24  
24  
26  
26  
70  
70  
70  
70  
21  
21  
21  
21  
Kansas  
Topeka  
Wichita  
100  
100  
38  
38  
78  
75  
26  
24  
60  
60  
16  
16  
Kentucky  
Louisiana  
Louisville  
95  
35  
78  
26  
65  
18  
Texas  
Amarillo  
Dallas  
El Paso  
Galveston  
Houston  
San Antonio  
100  
100  
100  
95  
95  
100  
38  
38  
38  
35  
35  
38  
72  
78  
69  
80  
80  
78  
22  
26  
21  
27  
27  
26  
70  
70  
70  
75  
75  
75  
21  
21  
21  
24  
24  
24  
New Orleans  
Shreveport  
95  
100  
35  
38  
80  
78  
27  
26  
75  
70  
24  
21  
Maine  
Portland  
90  
32  
73  
23  
60  
16  
Maryland  
Baltimore  
Cumberland  
95  
95  
35  
35  
78  
75  
26  
24  
65  
65  
18  
18  
Utah  
Salt Lake City  
Burlington  
95  
90  
35  
32  
65  
73  
18  
23  
60  
60  
16  
16  
Vermont  
Virginia  
Mass.  
Boston  
Springfield  
92  
93  
33  
34  
75  
75  
24  
24  
65  
65  
18  
18  
Norfolk  
Richmond  
Roanoke  
95  
95  
95  
35  
35  
35  
78  
78  
76  
26  
26  
24  
75  
70  
70  
24  
21  
21  
Michigan  
Detroit  
Grand Rap.  
Saginaw  
95  
95  
95  
35  
35  
35  
75  
75  
75  
24  
24  
24  
60  
60  
60  
16  
16  
16  
Washington  
Seattle  
Spokane  
85  
93  
29  
34  
65  
65  
18  
18  
75  
60  
24  
16  
Minnesota  
Mississippi  
Missouri  
Minneapolis  
Vicksburg  
92  
95  
33  
35  
77  
78  
25  
26  
60  
75  
16  
24  
West Virginia Charleston  
Wheeling  
95  
95  
35  
35  
75  
75  
24  
24  
65  
65  
18  
18  
Kansas City  
St. Louis  
100  
95  
38  
35  
76  
78  
24  
26  
60  
60  
16  
16  
Wisconsin  
Green Bay  
Milwaukee  
95  
95  
35  
35  
75  
75  
24  
24  
55  
55  
13  
13  
Montana  
Helena  
95  
35  
67  
19  
55  
13  
Wyoming  
Cheyenne  
95  
35  
65  
18  
55  
13  
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Refrigeration Equipment Selection  
General  
When the hourly BTU load has been determined, equipment can  
now be selected based on the information obtained in the initial  
job survey. Some of the factors affecting equipment selection are:  
For Storage Rooms Below 32ºF. (0ºC.)  
In low temperature rooms the amount of dehydration of  
unwrapped products is proportional to the T.D. Since the  
prevention of excess dehydration is important and since low  
temperature condensing unit capacities drop off sharply as the  
suction temperature reduced, it is considered good practice to use  
a maximum T.D. of 10ºF.  
1.  
2.  
3.  
4.  
Equipment Balance  
Temperature Difference (T.D.)  
Capacity Control/Product Safety  
Type of Operation/Air Flow  
T.D.’s can be approximated by dividing the unit cooler capacity at  
a 1º T.D. into the condensing unit capacity at the desired saturated  
suction temperature (S.S.T.) for example:  
1. Equipment Balance  
The condensing unit is generally selected first to have capacity  
greater than the calculated cooling or freezing load. The  
unit cooler(s) must be selected to balance the capacity of the  
condensing unit.  
Condensing Unit Capacity at S.S.T.  
= T.D.  
Evaporating Capacity at 1º T.D.  
Recommended Temperature Differences (T.D.)  
for Four Classes of Foods (Forced Air Unit Coolers)  
The capacity of the condensing unit should be selected at a  
suction temperature (after correction for suction line pressure  
drop) which will balance with the unit cooler(s) at a desirable  
T.D. between the refrigerant in the unit cooler and the air in the  
refrigerated storage room. The condensing unit capacity must also  
be selected at a condensing temperature corresponding to the  
condensing medium (ambient air or water) temperature available  
at the job location.  
Class  
T.D.  
Approx. RH  
Description of Product Classes  
1
7º - 9ºF.  
90%  
Results in a minimum amount of moisture  
evaporation during storage. Includes  
vegetables, produce, flowers,  
unpackaged ice and chill rooms.  
2
3
4
10º - 12ºF.  
12º - 16ºF.  
17º - 22ºF.  
80 - 85%  
65 - 80%  
50 - 65%  
Includes general storage & convenience  
store coolers, packaged meats and  
vegetables, fruits and similar products.  
Products require slightly lower relative  
humidity levels than those in Class I.  
2. Temperature Difference  
For Storage Rooms Above 32ºF. (0ºC.)  
Includes beer, wine, pharmaceuticals,  
potatoes and onions, tough skin fruits  
such as melons & short term packaged  
products. These products require only  
moderate relative humidity.  
The nature of the product determines the desirable relative  
humidity for the storage room. The desirable relative humidity,  
in turn, dictates the approximate design T.D. between the air in  
storage room and the refrigerant in the unit cooler.  
Includes prep and cutting rooms, beer  
warehouses, candy or film storage and  
loading docks. These applications need  
only low relative humidities or are  
unaffected by humidity.  
For the general purpose cooler involving meats, vegetables, and  
dairy products, it is common procedure to balance the low side  
to the condensing unit at a 10ºF. to 12ºF. T.D.. It has been learned  
by experience that if this is done, one may expect to maintain in  
a cooler 80% to 85% relative humidity, which is a good range for  
general storage.  
3. Product Safety/Capacity Control  
Load Calculation Example 2 (page 8) involved the cooling and  
storage of beef. The table shows that the recommended T.D.  
is approximately 10ºF. Since the calculated load per hour based  
on 16 hr. of condensing unit operation was 12696 BTU/hr., the  
condensing unit to be selected should have a greater capacity  
than 12696 BTU/hr. based on a suction temperature of +23ºF.  
(10ºF. T.D. plus 2ºF. allowance for suction line pressure drop).  
In large boxes, it is recommended that the load be divided among  
multiple units. A load that requires more than a 10 HP unit should  
be split to provide the customer with some refrigeration level in the  
event of mechanical failure. In addition, as refrigeration is selected  
for the 1% worst occurrence of the year, multiple units provide for  
some capacity control. In low load situations some units can be  
turned off and the box maintained adequately with a fraction of  
the horsepower necessary for the summer operation. Multiple units  
on staged start up also cut the demand charges assessed by the  
utility company which cut your customer’s electric bill.  
The unit cooler to be selected should have a minimum base  
capacity (BTU/º T.D.) of 12696/10º T.D. or 1270 BTU/º T.D./hr. to be  
sure that the unit cooler is large enough to balance properly with  
the condensing unit.  
Low relative humidity requirements permit higher T.D. which in  
turn will allow selection of unit coolers with small base ratings  
(BTU/hr./º T.D.)  
21  
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B. Altitude  
4. Type of Operation/Air Flow  
Most manufacturers rate their equipment at sea level conditions.  
An increase in altitude results in a decrease in air density. While  
the fans on direct drive equipment will deliver a constant cubic  
feet per minute of air regardless of density, the thinness of the  
air will affect capacity performance. Belt drive equipment can be  
speeded up to compensate for the decrease in air density.  
Two important considerations in the selection and location of the  
unit cooler are uniform air distribution and air velocities which are  
compatible with the particular application.  
The direction of the air and air throw should be such that there  
is movement of air where there is a heat gain; this applies to the  
room walls and ceiling as well as the product. The unit cooler(s)  
should be arranged to direct its discharge air at any doors or  
openings, if it all possible. Avoid placing the unit cooler in a  
position close to a door where it may induce additional infiltration  
in to the room; this can cause fan icing and a condition known as  
hoar-frost. Also, avoid placing a unit in the air stream of another  
unit, because defrosting difficulties can result.  
Effects of Altitude on Air Cooled Equipment  
Altitude  
Feet  
Above  
Sea  
Absolute  
Pressure  
Standard  
Air  
Density  
At 70ºF.  
lbs./Cu.Ft.  
Capacity  
Multipliers  
Direct Drive Fans  
Air  
Dens.  
Ratio  
Refrig.  
Evap.  
Air Cooled  
Level  
In. Hg.  
31.02  
30.47  
29.92  
29.38  
28.86  
27.82  
26.81  
25.84  
24.89  
23.98  
23.09  
22.22  
21.38  
20.58  
19.03  
17.57  
PSIA  
Cond. Unit  
1.005  
1.002  
1.00  
-1,000  
-500  
0
15.27  
14.97  
14.70  
14.43  
14.28  
13.67  
13.27  
12.70  
12.23  
11.78  
11.34  
10.92  
10.50  
10.11  
9.35  
.0778  
.0763  
.0749  
.0735  
.0719  
.0697  
.0671  
.0647  
.0623  
.0600  
.0578  
.0556  
.0535  
.0515  
.0477  
.0439  
1.04  
1.02  
1.00  
0.98  
0.96  
0.93  
0.90  
0.86  
0.83  
0.80  
0.77  
0.74  
0.71  
0.69  
0.64  
0.59  
1.03  
1.02  
1.00  
0.98  
0.96  
0.93  
0.90  
0.875  
0.85  
0.82  
0.79  
0.76  
0.73  
0.71  
0.66  
0.61  
For general storage coolers and holding freezers, there are not  
criteria for air velocities within the room. The total supply of air  
is such that approximately 40 to 80 air changes occur each hour.  
This is an air conditioning term which is calculated as follows:  
500  
0.995  
0.998  
0.985  
0.98  
0.975  
0.969  
0.960  
0.955  
0.946  
0.939  
0.93  
1,000  
2,000  
3,000  
4,000  
5,000  
6,000  
7,000  
8,000  
9,000  
10,000  
12,000  
14,000  
(total cfm*) x 60  
Air Changes =  
internal room volume  
* includes all unit coolers and auxiliary fans  
This equation disregards the air motion which is induced by the  
discharge air from the unit cooler. For simplicity, the gross volume  
of the room is used unless the product and equipment occupy  
more than 10% of the volume. Specific applications such as  
cutting rooms and banana ripening rooms have desired limits. The  
table below indicates the minimum and maximum quantities of air  
for particular applications.  
0.91  
0.88  
8.63  
C. Suction Temperature  
Recommended Air Changes/Hour  
Recommended Number  
of Air Changes  
Care should be taken in the selection of unit coolers, especially  
freezer models. There is no set rating standard adopted by the  
industry for the ratings criteria. The model number of a low  
temperature unit cooler can be rated at -30º SST, -20º SST, -10º  
SST, 0º SST, or even +10º SST. The capacity difference between  
the -30º SST and the +10º SST can be as much as 15% higher for  
the lower rated unit cooler. Most manufacturers provide a suction  
temperature correction factor for their unit coolers and this  
should be noted in equipment selections.  
Type of Application  
Holding freezer  
Packaged Holding center  
Cutting Room  
Minimum  
Maximum  
40  
40  
20  
80  
120  
30  
80  
80  
30  
120  
200  
60  
300  
30  
Meat Chill Room  
Boxed Banana Ripening  
Vegetables and Fruit Storage  
Blast Freezer  
150  
20  
D. 50 Cycle Power  
Work Areas  
Unpackaged Meat Storage  
30  
60  
Since we live in a “global village,”the opportunity to quote  
refrigeration equipment for export markets is one not to be  
ignored. Motors that are sized for 60 cycle operation run at 83%  
(50/60) speed on 50 cycles operation. Compressors produce only  
5/6 of their capacity. However, while fans are only running 83%  
speed, there is also a decrease in static pressure through the  
condenser or unit cooler coil and performance does not suffer the  
full 17% penalty. If it has been verified by the manufacturer that  
their equipment can be run on 50 cycle power then the following  
derating factors can be applied:  
Derating Factors  
A. Ambient  
B. Altitude  
C. Saturated Suction Temperature (S.S.T.)  
D. 50 Cycle Power  
In the selection of refrigeration equipment it should be noted  
that the manufacturer’s equipment has ratings based on certain  
criteria. Care should be taken to determine actual job conditions  
and the proper derating factors should be applied. These factors  
may vary by manufacturer but can be used here as rule of thumb  
approximation.  
A.  
B.  
Unit coolers and air-cooled condensers (Capacity x 0.92)  
Air-cooled condensing units (capacity x .85)  
System capacity (unit cooler and air-cooled condensing unit) can  
be derated by 0.88  
A. Ambient  
To select refrigeration equipment after the load has been  
determined, divide the BTUH required by (0.88):  
Condensing unit ambient is of concern as most equipment is  
generally cataloged as 90º to 95ºF. ambient.  
BTUH Conversion to select 60 cycle  
=
Decrease condensing unit capacity 6% for each 10ºF. increase  
in operating ambient.  
0.88  
equipment for 50 cycle load  
Increase condensing unit capacity 6% for each 10ºF. decrease  
in operating ambient.  
This provides for larger equipment necessary to compensate for  
50 cycle derating factor.  
22  
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General Guidelines  
Application  
T.D.  
Coil  
Notes  
Convenience Store  
10 - 15ºF.  
Low Silhouette  
Multiple units for adequate air coverage  
Up to 18’long = 1 coil  
Up to 30’long = 2 coils  
Up to 40’long = 3 coils  
Estimating guide: Cooler 100 SF/ton*  
Freezer 75 SF/ton*  
Holding Warehouse  
10 - 15ºF.  
Medium or  
Heavy Duty  
Forklift Operation  
Average air changes  
Product load 10 - 15% of total load  
Estimating guide: 200 - 300 SF/ton  
Produce Warehouse  
7 -10ºF.  
7 - 10ºF.  
Low Velocity  
Medium  
or Heavy Duty  
High seasonal loads  
Heavy product respiration  
Additional humidity may be required  
Estimating guide: 150 - 200 SF/ton  
Blast Cooler or Freezer  
Heavy Duty  
High air velocity, heavy infiltration  
Fast defrost (4-6 FPI coils)  
Product spaced to allow air circulation  
Equipment sized to extract all interior heat  
Box temp below desired product temperature  
Multiple units to provide capacity control  
1.5 safety factor sometimes applied to handle  
initial high rate of product heat evolution  
Ice Cream Hardening  
10ºF.  
Heavy Duty  
Heavy Duty  
10 hour pull down with product 30% frozen and a  
certain percentage over run  
(thickness of ice cream)  
Controlled Temperature  
Beer Warehouse  
15 - 20ºF.  
Floating box temperature (40-72ºF.) contingent on  
average monthly dew point  
Auxiliary air circulation may be required due to  
high T.D.  
Heavy loading - high infiltration  
20 - 30ºF. pull down on beer  
Candy Warehouse  
20 - 25ºF.  
Heavy Duty  
Low relative humidity  
Auxiliary air circulation and reheat may be required  
Vapor barrier essential  
Prep Room  
Floral Box  
20ºF.  
8ºF.  
Low Velocity  
Low Velocity  
Heavy motor and personnel load  
Estimating guide: 150 SF/ton  
Light loading conditions  
Glass Walls  
Estimating guide 100 SF/ton*  
SF = Floor Square Foot ton = 12,000 BTUH  
Note: Estimating guide ball park figures only. All attempts should  
be made to obtain accurate job survey and subsequent refrigeration  
calculations.  
* Glass doors assumed on one long wall only  
23  
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Unit Cooler Recommended Coil Replacement  
Left  
Large cooler or freezer  
Right  
Large cooler or freezer  
Large cooler or freezer where one wall will  
not accommodate all required evaporators or  
where air-throw distance must be considered.  
Note: Always avoid placement of unit coolers  
directly above doors and door openings  
where low and normal temperature is being  
maintained.  
Allow sufficient space between rear of unit  
cooler and wall to permit free return of air.  
Refer to unit manufacturers’catalog for  
proper space.  
Always trap drain lines individually to prevent  
vapor migration. Traps on low temperature  
units must be outside of refrigerated enclosures.  
Left  
Cooler or freezer with glass display doors  
Right  
Elevation view of glass display door cooler  
or freezer. Be sure Air Discharge blows  
above, not directly at doors. Provide  
baffle if door extends above blower level.  
Baffle  
Glass  
Display  
Door  
24  
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Line Sizing  
The following Tables 22 through 24A on pages 25 through 30  
indicate liquid lines and suction lines for all condensing units  
for R-22, R-404A, R-134a, and R-507.  
When determining the refrigerant line length, be sure to add an  
allowance for fittings. See Table 26 on page 31. Total equivalent  
length of refrigerant lines is the sum of the actual linear footage  
and the allowance for fittings.  
Table 22. Recommended Line Sizes for R-134a *  
SUCTION LINE SIZE  
SUCTION TEMPERATURE  
+30˚F  
SYSTEM  
CAPACITY  
BTU/H  
+40˚F  
+20˚F  
Equivalent Lengths  
Equivalent Lengths  
Equivalent Lengths  
25'  
3/8  
50'  
75'  
100'  
3/8  
150'  
3/8  
200'  
1/2  
25'  
3/8  
50'  
3/8  
1/2  
1/2  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
75'  
3/8  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
1 1/8  
100'  
3/8  
150'  
1/2  
200'  
1/2  
25'  
3/8  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
50'  
75'  
1/2  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
100' 150'  
200'  
5/8  
1,000  
3,000  
3/8  
3/8  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
1/2  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
1/2  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
3/8  
1/2  
1/2  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
4,000  
1/2  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
6,000  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
1/2  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
9,000  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
1 1/8  
12,000  
15,000  
18,000  
24,000  
30,000  
36,000  
42,000  
48,000  
54,000  
60,000  
66,000  
72,000  
78,000  
84,000  
90,000  
120,000  
150,000  
180,000  
210,000  
240,000  
300,000  
360,000  
480,000  
600,000  
* NOTES:  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
3 1/8  
3 1/8  
3 5/8  
3 5/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
3 1/8  
3 1/8  
3 1/8  
3 5/8  
3 5/8  
4 1/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
3 1/8  
3 1/8  
3 5/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
3 1/8  
3 1/8  
3 5/8  
3 5/8  
7/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
3 1/8  
3 1/8  
3 5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8  
7/8  
7/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
3 1/8  
3 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
3 18  
3 1/8  
7/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8  
1 1/8 1 3/8  
1 1/8 1 3/8  
1 3/8 1 3/8  
1 3/8 1 3/8  
1 3/8 1 3/8  
1 3/8 1 5/8  
1 3/8 1 5/8  
1 5/8 1 5/8  
1 5/8 1 5/8  
1 5/8 1 5/8  
1 5/8 2 1/8  
2 1/8 2 1/8  
2 1/8 2 1/8  
2 1/8 2 5/8  
2 1/8 2 5/8  
2 5/8 2 5/8  
2 5/8 2 5/8  
3 1/8 3 1/8  
3 1/8 3 1/8  
7/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8  
1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8  
1 1/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8  
1 1/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8  
1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8  
1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8  
1 3/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8  
1 3/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8  
1 3/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8  
1 3/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8  
1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8  
2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8  
2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8  
2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8  
2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8  
2 1/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 5/8  
2 5/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 3 5/8 4 1/8 4 1/8  
3 1/8 3 5/8 3 5/8 4 1/8 5 1/8 5 1/8  
3 1/8 3 5/8 4 1/8 4 1/8 5 1/8 5 1/8  
7/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 5/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
3 1/8  
7/8  
7/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
1. Sizes that are highlighted indicate maximum suction line sizes that should be used for risers. Riser size should not exceed horizontal size.  
Properly placed suction traps must also be used for adequate oil return.  
All sizes shown are for O.D. Type L copper tubing.  
2. Suction line sizes selected at pressure drop equivalent to 2˚F. Reduce estimate of system capacity accordingly.  
3. Recommended liquid line size may increase with reverse cycle hot gas systems.  
4. Consult factory for R-134a operation at winter conditions below 0° ambient.  
Heated and insulated receiver required below 0° ambient.  
If system load drops below 40% of design, consideration to installing double suction risers should be made.  
25  
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Table 22A. Recommended Line Sizes for R-134a (continued) *  
SUCTION LINE SIZE  
LIQUID LINE SIZE  
Receiver to  
SUCTION TEMPERATURE  
+10˚F  
0˚F  
Expansion Valve  
Equivalent Lengths  
SYSTEM  
Equivalent Lengths  
Equivalent Lengths  
CAPACITY  
BTU/H  
25'  
50'  
75'  
100'  
1/2  
150'  
1/2  
200'  
5/8  
25'  
50'  
75'  
100'  
1/2  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
150'  
1/2  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
200'  
5/8  
25'  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
1/2  
1/2  
1/2  
1/2  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
50'  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
1/2  
1/2  
1/2  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
75'  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
1/2  
1/2  
1/2  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
100'  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
1/2  
1/2  
1/2  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
1 1/8  
150'  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
1/2  
1/2  
1/2  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
200'  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
1/2  
1/2  
1/2  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
1 1/8  
3/8  
1/2  
1/2  
3/8  
1/2  
1/2  
1,000  
3,000  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
4,000  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
3 1/8  
3 1/8  
3 5/8  
3 5/8  
3 5/8  
4 1/8  
5 1/8  
5 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
3 1/8  
3 1/8  
3 1/8  
3 5/8  
3 5/8  
4 1/8  
4 1/8  
5 1/8  
5 1/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
1 1/8  
6,000  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 5/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
3 1/8  
3 1/8  
3 1/8  
3 5/8  
3 5/8  
4 1/8  
5 1/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8  
1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8  
1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8  
1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8  
1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8  
1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8  
1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8  
2 1/8 21/8 2 1/8  
9,000  
7/8  
7/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
3 1/8  
3 1/8  
3 1/8  
3 5/8  
3 5/8  
4 1/8  
7/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
3 1/8  
3 1/8  
3 5/8  
3 5/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
1/58  
1 5/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
3 1/8  
3 1/8  
3 5/8  
3 5/8  
4 1/8  
12,000  
15,000  
18,000  
24,000  
30,000  
36,000  
42,000  
48,000  
54,000  
60,000  
66,000  
72,000  
78,000  
84,000  
90,000  
120,000  
150,000  
180,000  
210,000  
240,000  
300,000  
360,000  
480,000  
600,000  
7/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
3 1/8  
3 1/8  
3 5/8  
3 5/8  
7/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
3 1/8  
3 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
3 1/8  
3 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 18  
2 1/8  
2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8  
2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8  
2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8  
2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8  
2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8  
2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8  
2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8  
2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8  
3 1/8 3 1/8 3 1/8  
3 1/8 3 1/8 3 5/8  
3 1/8 3 5/8 3 5/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8  
1 1/8 1 3/8  
1 3/8 1 3/8  
1 3/8 1 5/8  
1 5/8 1 5/8  
1 5/8 1 5/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8  
3 5/8 3 5/8 4 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8  
3 5/8 4 1/8 4 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8  
4 1/8 5 1/8 5 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8  
4 1/8 5 1/8 5 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8  
* NOTES:  
1. Sizes that are highlighted indicate maximum suction line sizes that should be used for risers. Riser size should not exceed horizontal size.  
Properly placed suction traps must also be used for adequate oil return.  
All sizes shown are for O.D. Type L copper tubing.  
2. Suction line sizes selected at pressure drop equivalent to 2˚F. Reduce estimate of system capacity accordingly.  
3. Recommended liquid line size may increase with reverse cycle hot gas systems.  
4. Consult factory for R-134a operation at winter conditions below 0° ambient.  
Heated and insulated receiver required below 0° ambient.  
If system load drops below 40% of design, consideration to installing double suction risers should be made.  
26  
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Table 23. Recommended Line Sizes for R-22 *  
SUCTION LINE SIZE  
SUCTION TEMPERATURE  
+20˚F  
SYSTEM  
CAPACITY  
BTU/H  
+40˚F  
+10˚F  
0˚F  
Equivalent Lengths  
Equivalent Lengths  
Equivalent Lengths  
Equivalent  
25'  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
1/2  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
50'  
75' 100' 150'  
200' 25'  
50' 75'  
100'  
3/8  
150'  
3/8  
200' 25'  
50'  
3/8  
1/2  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
75' 100'  
150' 200' 25'  
50' 75'  
1,000  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
3/8  
3/8  
1/2  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
3/8  
1/2  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
3/8  
1/2  
1/2  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
1 1/8  
3/8  
1/2  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
1/2  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
3/8  
1/2  
1/2  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
3/8  
1/2  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
3/8  
5/8  
3/8  
3/8  
1/2  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
3/8  
1/2  
1/2  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
3/8  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
3/8  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
3/8  
1/2  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
3/8  
1/2  
1/2  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
3/8  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
3,000  
1/2  
5/8  
4,000  
1/2  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
6,000  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
9,000  
7/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
12,000  
15,000  
18,000  
24,000  
30,000  
36,000  
42,000  
48,000  
54,000  
60,000  
66,000  
72,000  
78,000  
84,000  
90,000  
120,000  
150,000  
180,000  
210,000  
240,000  
300,000  
360,000  
480,000  
600,000  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8  
1 1/8 1 3/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
7/8  
7/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 3/8  
7/8 1 1/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8  
7/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 5/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8  
1 3/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8  
1 3/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8  
1 3/8 1 5/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8  
1 5/8 1 5/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8  
1 5/8 1 5/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8  
1 5/8 1 5/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 5/8  
1 5/8 1 5/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8  
1 5/8 2 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8  
1 5/8 2 1/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8  
2 1/8 2 1/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8  
1 3/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8  
1 3/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8  
1 3/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8  
1 5/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8  
1 5/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8  
1 5/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8  
1 5/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8  
1 5/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8  
2 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8  
1 3/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8  
1 3/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8  
1 3/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8  
1 3/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8  
1 5/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8  
1 5/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8  
1 5/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8  
1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8  
1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1 5/81 5/8 2 1/8  
1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8  
1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8  
1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8  
1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8  
1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8  
2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8  
2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8  
2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 3 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8  
* NOTES:  
1. Sizes that are highlighted indicate maximum suction line sizes that should be used for risers. Riser size should not exceed horizontal  
size. Properly placed suction traps must also be used for adequate oil return.  
All sizes shown are for O.D. Type L copper tubing.  
2. Suction line sizes selected at pressure drop equivalent to 2˚F. Reduce estimate of system capacity accordingly.  
3. Recommended liquid line size may increase with reverse cycle hot gas systems.  
4. If system load drops below 40% of design, consideration to installing double suction risers should be made.  
27  
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Table 23A. Recommended Line Sizes for R-22 (continued) *  
SUCTION LINE SIZE  
LIQUID LINE SIZE  
Receiver to  
SUCTION TEMPERATURE  
0˚F  
-10˚F  
-20˚F  
Expansion Valve  
SYSTEM  
CAPACITY  
Lengths  
Equivalent Lengths  
Equivalent Lengths  
Equivalent Lengths  
100'  
3/8  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
150' 200' 25'  
50'  
3/8  
1/2  
1/2  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
75'  
3/8  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
100'  
3/8  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
150'  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
1 18  
200' 25'  
50'  
3/8  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
75'  
3/8  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
100'  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
150' 200' 25' 50' 75' 100' 150' 200'  
BTU/H  
1,000  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
1/2  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
3/8  
1/2  
1/2  
1/2  
5/8  
1/2  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
3/8  
1/2  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
1/2  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
1/2  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8  
3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8  
3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8  
3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
1/2  
1/2  
1/2  
1/2  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
3,000  
4,000  
6,000  
1 1/8 1 1/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8  
9,000  
7/8 1 1/8 7/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8 7/8  
1 1/8 7/8  
1 1/8 7/8  
1 1/8 7/8  
1 3/8 7/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8  
12,000  
15,000  
18,000  
24,000  
30,000  
36,000  
42,000  
48,000  
54,000  
60,000  
66,000  
72,000  
78,000  
84,000  
90,000  
120,000  
150,000  
180,000  
210,000  
240,000  
300,000  
360,000  
480,000  
600,000  
1 1/8 1 1/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 7/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 1/2  
1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 3/8 3/8 1/2 1/2 1/2  
1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 7/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8  
1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 7/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8  
1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8  
1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8  
1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8  
1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8  
1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8  
1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8  
1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8  
1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8  
1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8  
2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8  
2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8  
2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8  
2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8  
2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8  
2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8  
2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8  
3 1/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8  
3 1/8 3 5/8 3 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 5/8  
3 5/8 3 5/8 4 1/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 3 5/8  
* NOTES:  
1 3/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 3/8 3/8 1/2 1/2 1/2  
1 5/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 3/8 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2  
1 5/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 3/8 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2  
1 5/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2  
1 5/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 5/8  
2 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1/2 1/2 1/2 5/8 5/8  
2 1/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1/2 1/2 5/8 5/8 5/8  
2 1/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1/2 1/2 5/8 5/8 5/8  
2 1/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1/2 1/2 5/8 5/8 5/8  
2 1/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1/2 5/8 5/8 5/8 5/8  
2 1/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1/2 5/8 5/8 5/8 7/8  
2 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 5/8 5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8  
2 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8  
2 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 1 1/8  
2 5/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 1 1/8  
3 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 1 1/8 1 1/8  
3 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 7/8 7/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8  
3 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 3 5/8 7/8 7/8 1 18 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8  
3 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 3 5/8 3 5/8 4 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8  
4 1/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 3 5/8 4 1/8 4 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8  
1. Sizes that are highlighted indicate maximum suction line sizes that should be used for risers. Riser size should not exceed horizontal size.  
Properly placed suction traps must also be used for adequate oil return.  
All sizes shown are for O.D. Type L copper tubing.  
2. Suction line sizes selected at pressure drop equivalent to 2˚F. Reduce estimate of system capacity accordingly.  
3. Recommended liquid line size may increase with reverse cycle hot gas systems.  
4. If system load drops below 40% of design, consideration to installing double suction risers should be made.  
28  
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Table 24. Recommended Line Sizes for R-404A and R-507 *  
SUCTION LINE SIZE  
SUCTION TEMPERATURE  
+10˚F  
SYSTEM  
CAPACITY  
BTU/H  
+20˚F  
-10˚F  
-20˚F  
Equivalent Lengths  
Equivalent Lengths  
Equivalent Lengths  
Equivalent  
25'  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
50'  
75' 100' 150'  
200' 25'  
50' 75'  
3/8 3/8  
1/2 1/2  
1/2 1/2  
1/2 5/8  
5/8 7/8  
7/8 7/8  
7/8 7/8  
7/8 7/8  
100'  
3/8  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
150'  
3/8  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
200' 25'  
50'  
3/8  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
75' 100'  
150' 200' 25'  
50' 75'  
1,000  
3,000  
3/8  
3/8  
1/2  
1/2  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
3/8  
1/2  
1/2  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
3/8  
1/2  
1/2  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
3/8  
1/2  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
3/8  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
3/8  
3/8  
1/2  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
1/2  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
3/8  
1/2  
1/2  
1/2  
5/8  
3/8  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
1/2  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
1/2  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
3/8  
1/2  
1/2  
5/8  
3/8 1/2  
1/2 5/8  
5/8 5/8  
5/8 7/8  
7/8 7/8  
7/8 7/8  
7/8 1 1/8  
4,000  
6,000  
9,000  
7/8 1 1/8 5/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8 7/8  
12,000  
15,000  
18,000  
24,000  
30,000  
36,000  
42,000  
48,000  
54,000  
60,000  
66,000  
72,000  
78,000  
84,000  
90,000  
120,000  
150,000  
180,000  
210,000  
240,000  
300,000  
360,000  
480,000  
600,000  
* NOTES:  
1 1/8 7/8  
1 1/8 7/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8 7/8  
7/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 7/8  
7/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 7/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 7/8  
7/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 7/8 1 1/8 1 1/8  
7/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 7/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 7/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8  
7/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 7/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8  
7/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8  
1 1 /8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8  
1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8  
1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8  
1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8  
1 1/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8  
1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8  
1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8  
1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8  
1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8  
1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8  
1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8  
2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8  
2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 3 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8  
2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 5/8 3 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 3 5/8 4 1/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8  
2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 3 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 3 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 4 1/8 4 1/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 1/8  
1. Sizes that are highlighted indicate maximum suction line sizes that should be used for risers. Riser size should not exceed horizontal size.  
Properly placed suction traps must also be used for adequate oil return.  
All sizes shown are for O.D. Type L copper tubing.  
2. Suction line sizes selected at pressure drop equivalent to 2˚F. Reduce estimate of system capacity accordingly.  
3. Recommended liquid line size may increase with reverse cycle hot gas systems.  
4. If system load drops below 40% of design, consideration to installing double suction risers should be made.  
29  
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Table 24A. Recommended Line Sizes for R-404A and R-507 (continued) *  
SUCTION LINE SIZE  
LIQUID LINE SIZE  
Receiver to  
SUCTION TEMPERATURE  
-20˚F  
-30˚F  
-40˚F  
Expansion Valve  
Equivalent Lengths  
SYSTEM  
CAPACITY  
Lengths  
Equivalent Lengths  
Equivalent Lengths  
100'  
1/2  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
150' 200' 25'  
50'  
3/8  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
75'  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
100'  
1/2  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
150'  
1/2  
200' 25'  
50'  
1/2  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
75'  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
100'  
1/2  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
150' 200' 25' 50' 75' 100' 150' 200'  
BTU/H  
1,000  
1/2  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
1/2  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
3/8  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
3/8  
1/2  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8  
3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8  
3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
1/2  
1/2  
1/2  
1/2  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
3,000  
7/8  
4,000  
7/8  
7/8 1 1/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8  
6,000  
1 1/8 1 1/8 5/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8 5/8  
1 1/8 7/8  
1 3/8 7/8  
1 3/8 7/8  
9,000  
1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 7/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 7/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8  
1 1/8 1 3/8  
1 3/8 1 3/8  
1 3/8 1 3/8  
1 3/8 1 3/8  
1 3/8 1 5/8  
1 3/8 1 5/8  
1 5/8 1 5/8  
1 5/8 1 5/8  
1 5/8 1 5/8  
1 5/8 1 5/8  
1 5/8 2 1/8  
2 1/8 2 1/8  
2 1/8 2 1/8  
2 1/8 2 5/8  
2 5/8 2 5/8  
2 5/8 2 5/8  
2 5/8 3 1/8  
3 1/8 3 1/8  
3 1/8 3 5/8  
3 5/8 3 5/8  
4 1/8 4 1/8  
4 1/8 4 1/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8  
12,000  
15,000  
18,000  
24,000  
30,000  
36,000  
42,000  
48,000  
54,000  
60,000  
66,000  
72,000  
78,000  
84,000  
90,000  
120,000  
150,000  
180,000  
210,000  
240,000  
300,000  
360,000  
480,000  
600,000  
7/8 1 1/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 1/2  
1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 7/8 1 1/8 1 1/8  
1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8  
1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 3/8 3/8 3/8 1/2 1/2  
1 3/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 3/8 3/8 1/2 1/2 1/2  
1 5/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 3/8 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2  
1 5/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2  
1 5/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 5/8  
1 5/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1/2 1/2 1/2 5/8 5/8  
2 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 1/2 1/2 1/2 5/8 5/8  
2 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 1/2 1/2 5/8 5/8 5/8  
2 1/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 1/2 1/2 5/8 5/8 5/8  
2 1/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 1/2 5/8 5/8 5/8 5/8  
2 1/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 5/8 5/8 5/8 5/8 5/8  
2 1/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 5/8 5/8 5/8 5/8 7/8  
2 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 5/8 5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8  
2 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8 1 5/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8  
1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8  
1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8 1 5/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8  
1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 3/8  
1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8  
1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8  
1 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8  
1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8  
2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8  
2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8  
2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8  
2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8  
2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8  
2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8  
2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8  
3 1/8 3 5/8 3 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8  
3 5/8 3 5/8 4 1/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8  
3 5/8 3 5/8 4 1/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 3 5/8  
3 5/8 3 5/8 4 1/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 3 5/8  
2 5/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 5/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 1 1/8  
3 1/8 2 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 1 1/8 1 1/8  
3 1/8 2 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 7/8 7/8 7/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8  
3 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 7/8 7/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8  
4 1/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 3 5/8 4 1/8 7/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8  
4 1/8 2 5/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 3 5/8 4 1/8 4 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8  
4 1/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 3 5/8 4 1/8 4 1/8 4 1/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8  
5 1/8 3 1/8 3 5/8 3 5/8 4 1/8 4 1/8 5 1/8 1 1/8 1 3/8 1 3/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 1 5/8  
* NOTES:  
1. Sizes that are highlighted indicate maximum suction line sizes that should be used for risers. Riser size should not exceed horizontal size.  
Properly placed suction traps must also be used for adequate oil return.  
All sizes shown are for O.D. Type L copper tubing.  
2. Suction line sizes selected at pressure drop equivalent to 2˚F. Reduce estimate of system capacity accordingly.  
3. Recommended liquid line size may increase with reverse cycle hot gas systems.  
4. If system load drops below 40% of design, consideration to installing double suction risers should be made.  
30  
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Table 25. Pressure Loss of Liquid Refrigerants in Liquid Line Risers (Expressed in Pressure Drop, PSIG,  
and Subcooling Loss, ˚F).  
Liquid Line Rise in Feet  
10'  
PSIG  
15'  
PSIG  
20'  
PSIG  
25'  
PSIG  
30'  
PSIG  
40'  
50'  
75'  
100'  
Refrigerant  
R-22  
˚F  
˚F  
˚F  
˚F  
˚F  
PSIG ˚F  
19.4 6.2  
19.7 8.8  
16.3 4.1  
PSIG ˚F  
24.2 8.0  
PSIG ˚F  
PSIG ˚F  
4.8  
4.9  
4.1  
1.6  
2.0  
1.1  
7.3  
7.4  
6.1  
2.3  
2.9  
1.6  
9.7  
9.8  
8.2  
3.1  
4.1  
2.1  
12.1  
12.3  
10.2  
3.8  
5.2  
2.7  
14.5  
14.7  
12.2  
4.7  
6.3  
3.3  
36.3 12.1 48.4 16.5  
R-134a  
24.6 11.0 36.8 17.0 49.1 23.7  
R-507, R-404A  
20.4 5.6  
30.6 8.3  
40.8 11.8  
Based on 110˚F liquid temperature at bottom of riser.  
Table 26. Equivalent Feet of Pipe Due to Valve and Fitting Friction  
Copper Tube, O.D., Type “L”  
Globe Valve (Open)  
1/2  
14  
7
5/8  
16  
9
7/8  
22  
12  
5
1 1/8  
28  
1 3/8  
36  
1 5/8  
42  
21  
2 1/8  
57  
28  
2 5/8  
69  
34  
3 1/8  
3 5/8  
99  
49  
4 1/8  
118  
57  
5 1/8  
138  
70  
6 1/8  
168  
83  
83  
42  
17  
Angle Valve (Open)  
15  
6
18  
8
90˚ Turn Through Tee  
Tee (Straight Through)  
or Sweep Below  
3
4
9
12  
14  
20  
22  
28  
34  
.75  
1
1
2
1.5  
2
2
3
2.5  
4
3
4
3.5  
5
4
7
5
8
6
7
9
11  
16  
90˚ Elbow or Reducing  
Tee (Straight Through)  
10  
12  
14  
31  
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Table 27. Recommended Remote Condenser Line Sizes  
R-134a  
R-22  
R507 & R-404A  
Liquid Line  
Liquid Line  
Liquid Line  
Cond. to  
Receiver  
(O.D.)  
Net  
Evaporator  
Capacity  
Total  
Equiv.  
Length  
Discharge  
Line  
(O.D.)  
Cond. to  
Receiver  
(O.D.)  
Discharge  
Line  
(O.D.)  
Discharge  
Line  
Cond. to  
Receiver  
(O.D.)  
(O.D.)  
3,000  
50  
100  
50  
3/8  
3/8  
1/2  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
1/2  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
6,000  
100  
50  
100  
50  
1/2  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
1/2  
1/2  
1/2  
1/2  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
1/2  
1/2  
1/2  
1/2  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
9,000  
12,000  
100  
50  
100  
50  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
1/2  
1/2  
1/2  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
5/8  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
3/8  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
5/8  
1/2  
1/2  
1/2  
1/2  
18,000  
24,000  
100  
50  
100  
50  
7/8  
7/8  
1 1/8  
7/8  
1/2  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
1/2  
1/2  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
5/8  
5/8  
7/8  
5/8  
36,000  
48,000  
100  
50  
100  
50  
100  
50  
100  
50  
100  
50  
100  
50  
100  
50  
100  
50  
100  
50  
100  
50  
100  
50  
100  
50  
100  
50  
100  
50  
100  
50  
100  
50  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 3/8  
1 1/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
3 1/8  
2 5/8  
3 1/8  
2 5/8  
3 1/8  
3 1/8  
3 1/8  
3 1/8  
3 5/8  
3 1/8  
3 5/8  
3 5/8  
4 1/8  
7/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
1 1/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
1 1/8  
7/8  
7/8  
5/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
1 1/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
7/8  
1 1/8  
7/8  
60,000  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
2 1/8  
1 5/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 5/8  
2 1/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
3 1/8  
2 5/8  
3 1/8  
2 5/8  
3 5/8  
3 1/8  
3 5/8  
3 1/8  
3 5/8  
72,000  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 5/8  
1 3/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
2 1/8  
1 5/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 5/8  
2 1/8  
2 5/8  
2 1/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
3 1/8  
2 5/8  
3 1/8  
2 5/8  
3 1/8  
3 1/8  
3 5/8  
90,000  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 5/8  
1 3/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
2 1/8  
1 5/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 5/8  
2 1/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
3 1/8  
2 5/8  
3 1/8  
2 5/8  
3 5/8  
3 1/8  
3 5/8  
3 1/8  
4 1/8  
3 5/8  
4 1/8  
3 5/8  
4 1/8  
120,000  
180,000  
240,000  
300,000  
360,000  
480,000  
600,000  
720,000  
840,000  
960,000  
1,080,000  
1,200,000  
1,440,000  
1,680,000  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 5/8  
1 3/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 5/8  
2 1/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
3 1/8  
2 5/8  
3 1/8  
2 5/8  
3 1/8  
2 5/8  
3 5/8  
3 1/8  
3 5/8  
3 1/8  
4 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 1/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 3/8  
1 5/8  
1 5/8  
2 1/8  
1 5/8  
2 1/8  
2 1/8  
2 5/8  
2 1/8  
2 5/8  
2 1/8  
2 5/8  
2 5/8  
3 1/8  
2 5/8  
3 1/8  
2 5/8  
3 1/8  
3 1/8  
3 5/8  
3 1/8  
3 5/8  
100  
50  
100  
32  
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Table 28. Weight of Refrigerants in Copper Lines During Operation (Pounds per 100 lineal feet of type "L" tubing).  
Line Size  
Suction Line at Suction Temperature  
O.D.  
in Inches  
Liquid  
Line  
4.0  
Hot Gas  
Line  
.15  
Refrigerant  
134a  
-40˚F  
.01  
-20˚F  
.01  
0˚F  
.02  
+20˚F  
.04  
+40˚F  
.06  
3/8  
1/2  
22  
3.9  
3.4  
7.4  
7.4  
.22  
.31  
.30  
.41  
.02  
.03  
.01  
.03  
.03  
.04  
.03  
.05  
.04  
.06  
.04  
.07  
.06  
.09  
.07  
.11  
.08  
.13  
.11  
.15  
R507, 404A  
134a  
22  
R507, 404A  
134a  
6.4  
.58  
.47  
.65  
.93  
.04  
.02  
.05  
.07  
.05  
.10  
.15  
.08  
.17  
.26  
.14  
.27  
.40  
.20  
.37  
.56  
.07  
.05  
.08  
.11  
.10  
.16  
.23  
.17  
.28  
.39  
.26  
.42  
.58  
.37  
.59  
.82  
.13  
.07  
.12  
.17  
.15  
.24  
.37  
.26  
.42  
.63  
.40  
.64  
.95  
.57  
.90  
1.35  
.98  
1.57  
2.35  
1.51  
2.42  
3.62  
2.16  
3.45  
5.17  
2.92  
4.67  
6.97  
3.81  
6.08  
9.09  
.16  
.12  
.17  
.25  
.24  
.36  
.51  
.41  
.61  
.86  
.61  
.93  
1.32  
.87  
1.33  
1.86  
1.51  
2.30  
3.23  
2.32  
3.54  
5.00  
3.31  
5.05  
7.14  
4.48  
6.83  
19.65  
5.84  
8.90  
12.58  
.24  
.17  
.25  
.35  
.36  
.51  
.72  
.60  
11.9  
11.8  
10.3  
24.7  
24.4  
21.2  
42.2  
41.6  
36.1  
64.2  
63.5  
55.0  
90.9  
90.0  
78.0  
158  
156  
134  
244  
241  
209  
348  
344  
298  
471  
465  
403  
612  
605  
526  
5/8  
22  
R507, 404A  
134a  
.99  
7/8  
22  
1.35  
1.92  
1.70  
2.30  
3.27  
2.57  
3.50  
4.98  
3.65  
4.96  
7.07  
6.34  
8.61  
12.25  
9.78  
13.70  
18.92  
13.97  
18.95  
27.05  
18.90  
25.60  
36.50  
24.56  
33.40  
47.57  
R507, 404A  
134a  
1 1/8  
1 3/8  
1 5/8  
2 1/8  
2 5/8  
3 1/8  
3 5/8  
4 1/8  
22  
.87  
R507, 404A  
134a  
1.24  
1.91  
1.33  
1.87  
1.30  
1.88  
2.64  
2.24  
3.26  
4.58  
3.47  
5.03  
7.07  
4.96  
7.18  
9.95  
6.69  
9.74  
13.67  
8.75  
12.70  
17.80  
22  
R507, 404A  
134a  
22  
R507, 404A  
134a  
.34  
.65  
.98  
.52  
.64  
22  
1.03  
1.43  
.99  
R507, 404A  
134a  
22  
1.01  
1.51  
.75  
1.44  
2.16  
.99  
1.94  
2.92  
1.29  
2.53  
3.80  
1.59  
2.21  
1.41  
2.28  
3.15  
1.91  
3.08  
4.25  
2.49  
4.01  
5.55  
R507, 404A  
134a  
22  
R507, 404A  
134a  
22  
R507, 404A  
134a  
22  
R507, 404A  
33  
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Table 29.  
Fahrenheit – Celsius Temperature Conversion Chart  
The number in bold type-face in the center column refers to  
the temperature, either Celsius or Fahrenheit, which is to be  
converted to the other scale. If converting Fahrenheit to Celsius  
the equivalent temperature will be found in the left column. If  
converting Celsius to Fahrenheit, the equivalent temperature will  
be found in the column on the right.  
Temperature  
ºC. or ºF.  
Temperature  
ºC. or ºF.  
Temperature  
ºC. or ºF.  
Temperature  
ºC. or ºF.  
Celsius  
Fahrenheit  
Celsius  
Fahrenheit  
Celsius  
Fahrenheit  
Celsius  
Fahrenheit  
-40.0  
-39.4  
-38.9  
-38.3  
-37.8  
-37.2  
-36.7  
-36.1  
-35.6  
-35.0  
-34.4  
-33.9  
-33.3  
-32.8  
-32.2  
-31.7  
-31.1  
-30.6  
-30.0  
-29.4  
-28.9  
-28.3  
-27.8  
-27.2  
-26.7  
-26.1  
-25.6  
-25.0  
-24.4  
-23.9  
-23.3  
-22.8  
-22.2  
-21.7  
-21.1  
-20.6  
-20.0  
-19.4  
-18.9  
-18.3  
-17.8  
-17.2  
-16.7  
-16.1  
-15.6  
-15.0  
-14.4  
-13.9  
-13.3  
-12.8  
-12.2  
-11.7  
-11.1  
-10.6  
-10.0  
-9.4  
-40  
-39  
-38  
-37  
-36  
-35  
-34  
-33  
-32  
-31  
-30  
-29  
-28  
-27  
-26  
-25  
-24  
-23  
-22  
-21  
-20  
-19  
-18  
-17  
-16  
-15  
-14  
-13  
-12  
-11  
-10  
-9  
-8  
-7  
-6  
-5  
-4  
-3  
-2  
-1  
0
+1  
+2  
+3  
+4  
+5  
+6  
+7  
-40.0  
-38.2  
-36.4  
-34.6  
-32.8  
-31.0  
-29.2  
-27.4  
-25.6  
-23.8  
-22.0  
-20.2  
-18.4  
-16.6  
-14.8  
-13.0  
-11.2  
-9.4  
-7.6  
-5.8  
-4.0  
-2.2  
-0.4  
+1.1  
+3.2  
+5.0  
-6.7  
-6.1  
-5.5  
-5.0  
-4.4  
-3.9  
-3.3  
-2.8  
-2.2  
-1.7  
-1.1  
-0.6  
0
+0.6  
+1.1  
+1.7  
+2.2  
+2.8  
+3.3  
+3.9  
+4.4  
+5.0  
+5.5  
+6.1  
+6.7  
+7.2  
+7.8  
+8.3  
+8.9  
+20  
+21  
+22  
+23  
+24  
+25  
+26  
+27  
+28  
+29  
+30  
+31  
+32  
+33  
+34  
+35  
+36  
+37  
+38  
+39  
+40  
+41  
+42  
+43  
+44  
+45  
+46  
+47  
+48  
+49  
+50  
+51  
+52  
+53  
+54  
+55  
+56  
+57  
+58  
+59  
+60  
+61  
+62  
+63  
+64  
+65  
+66  
+67  
+68  
+69  
+70  
+71  
+72  
+73  
+74  
+75  
+76  
+77  
+78  
+79  
+68.0  
+69.8  
+71.6  
+73.4  
+75.2  
+77.0  
+78.8  
+80.6  
+82.4  
+84.2  
+86.0  
+87.8  
+89.6  
+91.4  
+93.2  
+95.0  
+96.8  
+26.7  
+27.2  
+27.8  
+28.3  
+28.9  
+29.4  
+30.0  
+30.6  
+31.1  
+31.7  
+32.2  
+32.8  
+33.3  
+33.9  
+34.4  
+35.0  
+35.6  
+36.1  
+36.7  
+37.2  
+37.8  
+38.3  
+38.9  
+39.4  
+40.0  
+40.6  
+41.1  
+41.7  
+42.2  
+42.8  
+43.3  
+43.9  
+44.4  
+45.0  
+45.6  
+46.1  
+46.7  
+47.2  
+47.8  
+48.3  
+48.9  
+49.4  
+50.0  
+50.6  
+51.1  
+51.7  
+52.2  
+52.8  
+53.3  
+53.9  
+54.4  
+55.0  
+55.6  
+56.1  
+56.7  
+57.2  
+57.8  
+58.3  
+58.9  
+59.4  
+80  
+81  
+82  
+83  
+84  
+85  
+86  
+87  
+88  
+89  
+90  
+91  
+92  
+93  
+94  
+95  
+96  
+176.0  
+177.8  
+179.6  
+181.4  
+183.2  
+185.0  
+186.8  
+186.6  
+190.4  
+192.2  
+194.0  
+195.8  
+197.6  
+199.4  
+201.2  
+203.0  
+204.8  
+206.6  
+208.4  
+210.2  
+212.0  
+213.8  
+215.6  
+217.4  
+219.2  
+221.0  
+222.8  
+224.6  
+226.4  
+228.2  
+230.0  
+231.8  
+233.6  
+235.4  
+237.2  
+239.0  
+240.8  
+242.6  
+244.4  
+246.2  
+248.0  
+249.8  
+251.6  
+253.4  
+255.2  
+257.0  
+258.8  
+260.6  
+262.4  
+264.2  
+266.0  
+267.8  
+269.6  
+271.4  
+273.2  
+275.0  
+276.8  
+278.6  
+280.4  
+282.2  
+60.0  
+60.6  
+61.1  
+61.7  
+62.2  
+62.8  
+63.3  
+63.9  
+64.4  
+65.0  
+65.6  
+66.1  
+66.7  
+67.2  
+67.8  
+68.3  
+68.9  
+69.4  
+70.0  
+70.6  
+71.1  
+71.7  
+72.2  
+72.8  
+73.3  
+73.9  
+74.4  
+75.0  
+75.6  
+76.1  
+76.7  
+77.2  
+77.8  
+78.3  
+78.9  
+79.4  
+80.0  
+80.6  
+81.1  
+81.7  
+82.2  
+82.8  
+83.3  
+83.9  
+84.4  
+85.0  
+85.6  
+86.1  
+86.7  
+87.2  
+87.8  
+88.3  
+88.9  
+89.4  
+90.0  
+90.6  
+91.1  
+91.7  
+92.2  
+92.8  
+140  
+141  
+142  
+143  
+144  
+145  
+146  
+147  
+148  
+149  
+150  
+151  
+152  
+153  
+154  
+155  
+156  
+157  
+158  
+159  
+160  
+161  
+162  
+163  
+164  
+165  
+166  
+167  
+168  
+169  
+170  
+171  
+172  
+173  
+174  
+175  
+176  
+177  
+178  
+179  
+180  
+181  
+182  
+183  
+184  
+185  
+186  
+187  
+188  
+189  
+190  
+191  
+192  
+193  
+194  
+195  
+196  
+197  
+198  
+199  
+284.0  
+285.8  
+287.6  
+289.4  
+291.2  
+293.0  
+294.8  
+296.6  
+298.4  
+300.2  
+302.0  
+303.8  
+305.6  
+307.4  
+309.2  
+311.0  
+312.8  
+314.6  
+316.4  
+318.2  
+320.0  
+321.8  
+323.6  
+325.4  
+327.4  
+329.0  
+330.8  
+332.6  
+334.4  
+336.2  
+338.0  
+339.8  
+341.6  
+343.4  
+345.2  
+347.0  
+348.8  
+350.6  
+352.4  
+354.2  
+356.0  
+357.8  
+359.6  
+361.4  
+363.2  
+365.0  
+366.8  
+368.6  
+370.4  
+372.2  
+374.0  
+375.8  
+377.6  
+379.4  
+381.2  
+383.0  
+384.8  
+386.6  
+388.4  
+390.2  
+98.6  
+97  
+98  
+99  
+100.4  
+102.2  
+104.0  
+105.8  
+107.6  
+109.4  
+111.2  
+113.0  
+114.8  
+116.6  
+118.4  
+120.2  
+122.0  
+123.8  
+125.6  
+127.4  
+129.2  
+131.0  
+132.8  
+134.6  
+136.4  
+138.2  
+140.0  
+141.8  
+143.6  
+145.4  
+147.2  
+149.0  
+150.8  
+152.6  
+154.4  
+156.2  
+158.0  
+159.8  
+161.6  
+163.4  
+165.2  
+167.0  
+168.8  
+170.6  
+172.4  
+174.2  
+100  
+101  
+102  
+103  
+104  
+105  
+106  
+107  
+108  
+109  
+110  
+111  
+112  
+113  
+114  
+115  
+116  
+117  
+118  
+119  
+120  
+121  
+122  
+123  
+124  
+125  
+126  
+127  
+128  
+129  
+130  
+131  
+132  
+133  
+134  
+135  
+136  
+137  
+138  
+139  
+6.8  
+8.6  
+10.4  
+12.2  
+14.0  
+15.8  
+17.6  
+19.4  
+21.2  
+23.0  
+24.8  
+26.6  
+28.4  
+30.2  
+32  
+33.8  
+35.6  
+35.4  
+39.2  
+41.0  
+42.8  
+44.6  
+46.4  
+48.2  
+50.0  
+51.8  
+53.6  
+55.4  
+57.2  
+59.0  
+60.8  
+62.6  
+64.4  
+66.2  
+9.4  
+10.0  
+10.6  
+11.1  
+11.7  
+12.2  
+12.8  
+13.3  
+13.9  
+14.4  
+15.0  
+15.6  
+16.1  
+16.7  
+17.2  
+17.8  
+18.3  
+18.9  
+19.4  
+20.0  
+20.6  
+21.1  
+21.7  
+22.2  
+22.8  
+23.3  
+23.9  
+24.4  
+25.0  
+25.6  
+26.1  
+8  
+9  
+10  
+11  
+12  
+13  
+14  
+15  
+16  
+17  
+18  
+19  
-8.9  
-8.3  
-7.8  
-7.2  
Reprinted by permission from 1972 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals.  
34  
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Table 30.  
Conversion Factors (constant)  
Air Coils  
Q Sensible = 1.08 x CFM x  
Q Latent = 0.68 x CFM x SH  
T
= BTU/hr.  
= BTU/hr.  
Water  
Q Total = 4.5 x CFM x  
H
= BTU/hr.  
500 = 8.33 lbs./gal. x 60 min,  
– (Converts GPM to lbs./hr.)  
lb./hr. Condensate  
= 4.5 x CFM x SH Grains  
7000 grains/lb  
Air  
4.5 = 60 min  
SHR Sensible Heat Ratio = Q Sensible  
Q Total  
Heat Transmission  
Q Total = U x A Surface x  
13.35 Cu. Ft./lb.  
1.08 = 4.5 x 0.241 BTU/lb./ºF.  
0.68 = 4.5 x 1054.3 BTU/lb.  
7000 gr/lb.  
– (Converts CFM to lbs./hr.)  
– (lbs./hr. x Sp. Ht. of Air)  
T
= BTU/hr.  
– (4.5 combined with heat  
of vaporization of water  
at 70ºF. and grains per  
pound of water)  
Product  
Sensible Heat in BTU/hr. = lbs/hr. x Sp. Ht. x  
T
Latent Heat in BTU/hr.  
Heat of Resp. in BTU/hr  
= lbs/hr. x Lt. Ht. in Btu/lb.  
= lbs x Heat or Respiration  
in BTU/lb./hr.  
.
Water Heating, Cooling & Heat Reclaim Coils, Water Chillers,  
Condensers, etc.  
Q = 500 x GPM x  
T = Q  
T
= BTU/hr.  
All conversion factors used in standard calculations must be  
corrected for other than standard properties  
500 x GPM  
For brines, Q = 500 x GPM x T x (Sp. Ht. x Sp. Gr. of Brine)  
Properties of Water at 39.2 ºF.  
Nomenclature  
Q
T
A
U
H
H
= Heat Flow in BTU/hr.  
= Temperature in ºF. ( T = temp. diff.)  
= Area in Sq. Ft.  
= Coef. of Heat Transfer in BTU/hr./Sq.Ft./ºF.  
= Total heat of air at wet bulb temp. BTU/lb.  
= Enthalpy difference between entering & leaving air  
Density of Water  
Specific Heat of Water  
Latent Heat of  
= 62.4 lbs./Cu. Ft.  
= 1 BTU/lb./ºF.  
= 970 BTU/lb. at 212ºF. & Atm.  
= 1054.3 BTU/lb. at 70ºF.  
= 0.5 BTU/lb./ºF.  
= 144 BTU/lb.  
Vaporization  
SH = Specific humidity in grains of moisture/lb. of dry air  
Specific Heat of Ice  
Latent Heat of Fusion  
1 Gallon of Water  
1 Pound of Water  
(
SH = Specific humidity difference for entering  
and leaving air)  
= 8.33 lbs.  
CFM = Cu. Ft./min.  
GPM = Gal/min.  
= 7000 Grains  
3 Phase Delta Loads  
3 0 Balanced Loads = P1 + P2 + P3  
Table 31.  
Single Phase Loads  
Ohm’s Law for direct current  
Total Line Current = Total Power (Balanced Load)  
E
R
E
R
W
E
I2 X R  
W
R
E X I  
W
I
E2  
W
I X R  
R
E
If the phase are unbalanced, each of the phase will differ from  
the others:  
E
I
W
I
W
2
2
1
+
3
+ ( I1 X I2 )  
FORMULAE:  
W X R  
IL1  
=
I
I
I2  
W = Watts  
I = Current (Amperes)  
E = Electromotive Force (Volts)  
R = Resistance (Ohms)  
2
2
2
+
2
+ ( I2 X I3 )  
+ ( I1 X I3 )  
IL2  
IL3  
=
=
I
I
I
3
2
+
3
I
1
To obtain any values in the center circle, for Direct or Alternating  
Current, perform the operation indicated in one segment of the  
adjacent outer circle.  
35  
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Table 32.  
English Conversion Factors & Data  
Table 33.  
English to Metric Conversion Factors  
To Convert Measurements  
To Convert Measurements  
From  
To  
Multiply By  
1728  
0.00058  
7.48  
0.1337  
0.00433  
231  
From  
To  
Multiply By  
28317  
16.387  
28.32  
3.7854  
0.0164  
3785.4  
1.0551  
0.0045461  
0.0037854  
0.3048  
0.0254  
0.0929  
6.452  
Cubic Feet  
Cubic Inches  
Cubic Feet  
Gallons  
Cubic Inches  
Gallons  
Cubic Inches  
Cubic Feet  
Gallons  
Cubic Feet  
Gallons  
Cubic Inches  
Gallons  
Cubic Feet  
Cubic Inches  
Cubic Feet  
Gallons  
Cubic Centimeters  
Cubic Centimeters  
Liters  
Liters  
Cubic Inches  
Gallons  
Barrels  
Imperial Gallons  
U.S. Gallons  
Feet  
Liters  
Cubic Centimeters  
Cubic Meters  
Cubic Meters  
Cubic Meters  
Meters  
Barrels  
42  
Gallons  
Barrels  
0.0238  
1.2009  
0.8326  
12  
0.0833  
144  
0.00695  
2000  
0.2642  
Imperial Gallons  
U.S. Gallons  
Feet  
U.S. Gallons  
Imperial Gallons  
Inches  
Inches  
Meters  
Inches  
Feet  
Square Feet  
Square Inches  
Ton (Short, 2000lb.)  
Liter  
Square Meters  
Square Centimeters  
Kilograms  
Cubic Meter  
Kilograms  
Square Feet  
Square Inches  
Short Tons  
Liters  
Square Inches  
Square Feet  
Pounds  
907.2  
0.0001  
0.45359  
U.S. Gallons  
Pounds  
To Convert Pressure (at 32ºF.)  
To Convert Pressure (at 32ºF.)  
From  
To  
Multiply By  
0.03612  
27.866  
0.4334  
2.307  
0.4912  
2.036  
From  
To  
Multiply By  
249.082  
6894.8  
2988.98  
0.07031  
3386.4  
68948  
Inches of Water  
Pounds per Sq. Inch  
Feet of Water  
Pounds per Sq. Inch  
Inches of Mercury  
Pounds per Sq. Inch  
Atmospheres  
Pounds per Sq. Inch  
Inches of Water  
Pounds of Sq. Inch  
Feet of Water  
Pounds per Sq. Inch  
Inches of Mercury  
Pounds per Sq. Inch  
Atmosphere  
Inches of Water  
Pounds per Sq. Inch  
Feet of Water  
Newton/Sq. Meter  
Newton/Sq. Meter  
Newton/Sq. Meter  
Kilograms/Sq. Cent.  
Newton/Sq. Meter  
Dyne/Sq. Cent.  
Newton/Sq. Meter  
Newton/Sq. Meter  
Pounds per Sq. Inch  
Inches of Mercury  
Pounds per Sq. Inch  
Atmospheres  
Pascal  
14.696  
0.06804  
101325  
1
Pounds per Sq. Inch  
To Convert Power  
From  
Horsepower  
Horsepower  
Horsepower  
To Convert Power  
From  
Horsepower  
British Thermal Units  
Foot – Pounds  
British Thermal Units  
British Thermal Units  
Watt – Second  
Calorie  
To  
Multiply By  
1.014  
33000  
0.746  
1.3404  
778.177  
0.001285  
0.0003927  
2544.1  
0.0002928  
3415  
To  
Watt  
Joule  
Joule  
Calorie  
Watt Second  
Joule  
Joule  
Joule  
Watt  
Watt  
Watt  
Watt/Meter ºK.  
Kcal/Hr. at 6ºC. T.D.  
Kcal/Hr. at 8ºC. T.D.  
Multiply By  
745.7  
1054.35  
1.3558  
252.0  
1054.35  
1
4.184  
3600  
69.73  
3516.8  
0.29288  
0.14413  
0.252  
Metric Horsepower  
Ft./Pounds per Min.  
Kilowatts  
Horsepower  
Foot/Pounds  
British Thermal Units  
Horsepower Hours  
British Thermal Units  
Kilowatt Hours  
British Thermal Units  
British Thermal Units  
Kilowatts  
British Thermal Units  
Foot/Pounds  
British Thermal Units  
Horsepower Hours  
British Thermal Units  
Kilowatt  
Watt Hours  
Kilocalorie/Minute  
Ton (Refrigerated)  
BTU/Hour  
Watt Hour  
3.415  
BTU/In/Hr. Ft.2 ºF.  
BTU/Hr. at 10ºF. T.D.  
BTU/Hr. at 15ºF. T.D.  
0.252  
Volume – Weight Conversions  
1 Cubic Foot of Water  
1 Cubic Inch of Water  
1 Gallon of Water  
1 Cubic Foot of Air  
1 Cubic inch of Steel  
1 Cubic Foot of Brick (Building)  
1 Cubic Foot of Concrete  
1 Cubic Foot of Earth  
Wt. lbs.  
62.4*  
0.0361*  
8.33*  
0.075†  
0.284  
112-120  
120-140  
70-120  
Volume – Weight Conversions  
1 Cubic Foot of Water  
1 Cubic Inch of Water  
1 Gallon of Water  
1 Cubic Foot of Air  
1 Cubic inch of Steel  
1 Cubic Foot of Brick (Building)  
1 Cubic Foot of Concrete  
1 Cubic Foot of Earth  
Wt. Kilograms  
28.3*  
0.0164*  
3.788*  
0.034†  
0.1288  
51-54  
54-64  
32-54  
* at 32ºF.  
† at 70ºF. and 29.92”Hg.  
* at 32ºF.  
† at 70ºF. and 29.92”Hg.  
36  
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along the constant specific humidity line. Specific humidity  
and dew point remain constant.  
Use of the Psychrometric Chart  
3. Evaporating Cooling — (Air passed through spray water or  
wetted surface at wet bulb temperature) – A decrease in dry  
bulb (reduced sensible heat content) and an increase in dew  
point and specific humidity (increased latent heat content)  
represented by a line sloping upward and to the left following  
a constant wet bulb line – no change in total heat content.  
4. Humidification — An increase in the specific humidity as a  
result of moisture added, represented by a line directed  
upward.  
From two known properties of air, its condition can be located on  
the Psychrometric chart and all remaining properties can then be  
found by reading the appropriate scale.  
Figure 1 Illustrates a condition plotted at the intersection of its  
dry bulb and wet bulb temperatures. The dry bulb temperature  
is represented on the chart by the vertical lines with its scale  
across the bottom. The wet bulb temperature is read along  
the saturation line and is represented on the chart by the solid  
diagonal lines. Enthalpy at a saturation, for a given wet bulb  
temperature is read from the diagonal scale at the left using the  
diagonal lines extending from the saturation line.  
5. Heating and Humidification — An increase in both sensible  
heat and specific humidity, represented by a line sloping  
upward and to the right.  
6. Sensible Heating — An increase in dry bulb and sensible heat  
content, represented by a horizontal line directed to the right  
along the constant specific humidity line, Specific humidity  
and dew point remain constant.  
7. Chemical Drying — (Air passed through a chemical drying  
agent) – A decrease in dew point and specific humidity,  
represented by a line sloping downward and to the right.  
8. Dehumidification — a decrease in the specific humidity as a  
result of removing moisture, represented by a line directed  
downward.  
Figure 2 Illustrates a condition plotted at the intersection of its  
dry bulb temperature and relative humidity. Relative humidity is  
represented on the chart by the curved lines which are marked in  
percent relative humidity.  
Figure 3 Illustrates a condition plotted at the intersection  
of its dry bulb and dew point temperatures. The dew point  
temperature is read along the saturation line at the intersection  
of the Horizontal Humidity line. The value of the specific humidity  
is read from the scales at the right in either pounds or grains of  
moisture per pound of dry air by selecting the appropriate scale.  
Definitions  
Dry Bulb Temperature — The temperature indicated by a  
thermometer, not affected by the water vapor content air.  
Figure 4 Illustrates the determination of specific volume from the  
chart. Specific volume is represented by the broken diagonal lines  
marked in cubic feet per pound of dry air. Intermediate points are  
read by interpolation between the lines.  
Wet Bulb Temperature — The temperature of air indicated by  
a wet bulb thermometer; the temperature at which water, by  
evaporating into air, can bring the air to saturation adiabatically at  
the same temperature.  
Figure 5 Illustrates the use of sensible heat factor to determine  
the air conditions required to satisfy a specified space  
temperature and load conditions. The sensible heat factor is the  
ratio of internal sensible heat to internal total heat load of the  
space being conditioned. A straight line from the sensible heat  
factor scale through the circled point of the chart to the slope line  
from the space condition point to the saturation line. Air supplied  
to the space at any temperature condition located on the ratio  
line (and in the proper volume) will satisfy the room load.  
Dew Point Temperature — The temperature to which water vapor  
in air must be reduced to produce condensation of the moisture  
contained therein.  
Relative Humidity — The ratio of actual vapor pressure in the  
air to the vapor pressure of saturated air at the same dry bulb  
temperature.  
Specific Humidity (Moisture Content of Humidity Ratio) — The  
weight of water vapor per pound of dry air.  
Example — Using the point which is circled on the Psychrometric  
Chart, the following values are obtained:  
Sensible Heat — Heat which when added or subtracted from  
the air changes only its temperature with no effect on specific  
humidity.  
Dry Bulb Temperature  
Wet Bulb Temperature  
Dew Point Temperature  
Relative Humidity  
80.0ºF.  
67.0ºF.  
60.3ºF.  
51.1%  
Latent Heat — Heat which effects a change of state without  
affecting temperature, as in evaporating or condensing moisture.  
Specific Humidity  
78.1  
7000  
A) 0.01115 lbs./lb. dry air =  
B) 78.1 grains/lb. dry air  
Enthalpy at saturation  
Specific Volume  
SR/lb dry air  
Enthalpy (Total Heat) — The sum of sensible and latent heat. In  
the chart, enthalpy represents units of total heat content above  
an arbitrary base in terms of BTU per pound of dry air.  
31.62 BTU/lb. dry air  
13.83 Cu. Ft./lb. dry air  
Specific Volume — Volume per unit of weight, the reciprocal of  
density, in terms of cubic feet per pound of dry air.  
Figure 6 … *Air Conditioned Process  
1. Cooling and Dehumidification — A decrease in both dry bulb  
and specific humidity represented by a line sloping  
downward and to the left. Total heat content (both sensible  
and latent heat) is decreased.  
2. Sensible Cooling — A decrease in dry bulb and sensible heat  
content represented by a horizontal line directed to the loft  
Sensible Heat Factor — The ratio of internal sensible heat to  
internal total heat load.  
Ratio Line — The line extending from the space condition to the  
saturation line at a slope determined by the sensible heat factor.  
Fig 1 —  
Dry Bulb and Wet Bulb  
Fig 2 —  
Dry Bulb and Relative  
Humidity  
Fig 3 —  
Dry Bulb and Dew Point  
Fig 4 —  
Specific Volume  
Fig 5 —  
Sensible Heat Factor  
Fig 6 —  
Air Conditioning Process  
* (See Above)  
37  
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Appendix — Charts  
Low Temperature Psychrometric Chart (-40 to 50ºF.)  
Standard Atmospheric Pressure of 29.921 in HG  
Atmospheric Pressure  
at other altitude  
Altitude  
Ft.  
-1000  
-500  
0
Pressure  
in HG  
31.02  
30.47  
29.92  
29.38  
28.86  
27.82  
26.83  
25.84  
24.90  
23.98  
23.09  
22.22  
21.39  
20.58  
16.89  
500  
1000  
2000  
3000  
4000  
5000  
6000  
7000  
8000  
9000  
10000  
15000  
Courtesy of ASHRAE — Reproduced by permission.  
38  
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Appendix — Charts  
Medium Temperature Psychrometric Chart (32 to 130ºF.)  
Standard Atmospheric Pressure of 29.921 in HG  
Courtesy of ASHRAE — Reproduced by permission.  
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39  
Glossary of Refrigeration Terms  
1. Accumulator - a shell placed in suction line for separating  
liquid refrigerant entrained in suction gas.  
2. Air Changes - the amount of air leakage is sometimes  
computed by assuming a certain number of air changers  
per hour for each room, the number of changes assumed  
being dependent upon the type, use and location of the  
room.  
3. Air Cooler, Forced Circulation - a factory-made encased  
assembly of elements by which heat is transferred from  
air to evaporating refrigerant.  
4. Ambient Air - generally speaking, the air surrounding an  
object. In a domestic or commercial refrigerating system  
having an air-cooled condenser, the temperature of the  
air entering the condenser.  
5. Back Pressure - loose terminology for suction pressure of  
refrigeration vapor in a system.  
6. British Thermal Unit (BTU) - heat required to produce a  
temperature rise of 1 degree Fahrenheit in 1 lb. of water.  
The mean BTU is 1/180 of the energy required to heat  
water from 32ºF. to 212ºF.  
22. Flooded System - system in which only part of the  
refrigerant passing over the heat transfer surface is  
evaporated, and the portion not evaporated is separated  
from the vapor and recirculated. In commercial systems,  
one controlled by a float valve.  
23. Frost Back - the flooding of liquid from an evaporator  
into the suction line accompanied by frost formation in  
suction line in most cases.  
24. Head Pressure - operating pressure measured in  
thedischarge line at the outlet from the compressor.  
25. Heat Exchanger - apparatus in which heat is exchanged  
from one fluid to another through a partition.  
26. Heat, Latent - heat characterized by change of state of  
the substance concerned, for a given pressure and always  
at a constant temperature for a pure substance, i.e., heat  
of vaporization or fusion.  
27. High Side - parts of refrigerating system under condenser  
pressure.  
28. Infiltration - air flowing inward as through a wall, leak,  
etc.  
7. Change of Air - introduction of new, cleansed or  
recirculated air to conditioned space, measured by the  
number of complete changes per unit time.  
29. Liquid Line - the tube or pipe carrying the refrigerant  
liquid from the condenser or receiver of a refrigerating  
system to a pressure-reducing device.  
8. Chill - to apply refrigeration moderately, as to meats,  
without freezing.  
30. Low Side - parts of a refrigerating system under  
evaporator pressure.  
9. Chilling Room - room where animal carcasses are cooled  
after dressing prior to cold storage.  
31. Pressure Drop - loss in pressure, as from one end of a  
refrigerant line to the other, due to friction, etc.  
32. Refrigerating System - a combination of inter-connected  
refrigerant-containing parts in which a refrigerant is  
circulated for the purpose of extracting heat.  
33. Respiration - production of CO2 and the heat by ripening  
of perishables in storage.  
34. Return Air - air returned from conditioned or refrigerated  
space.  
35. Sensible Heat - heat which is associated with a change in  
temperature; specific heat x change of temperature; in  
contrast to a heat interchange in which a change of state  
(latent heat) occurs.  
10. Comfort Air Conditioning - the simultaneous control of  
all, or at least the first three, of the following factors  
affecting the physical and chemical conditions of the  
atmosphere within a structure for the purpose of human  
comfort; temperature, humidity, motion, distribution,  
dust, bacteria, odors, toxic gasses and ionization, most of  
which affect in greater or lesser degree human health or  
comfort.  
11. Comfort Cooling - refrigeration for comfort as opposed  
to refrigeration for storage or manufacture.  
12. Defrosting Cycle - a refrigeration cycle which permits  
cooling unit to defrost during off period.  
36. Specific Heat - energy per unit of mass required to  
produce one degree rise in temperature, usually BTU per  
lb. degree F. numerically equal to cal. per gram degree C.  
37. Standard Air - air weighing 0.075 lb. per cu. ft. which is  
closely air at 68ºF. dry bulb and 50% relative humidity  
at barometric pressure of 29.92 in. of mercury of  
approximately dry air at 70ºF. at the same pressure.  
38. Suction line - the tube or pipe which carries the  
refrigerant vapor from the evaporator to the compressor  
inlet.  
13. Dehumidification - the conservation of water vapor from  
air by cooling below the dew point or removal of water  
vapor from air by chemical or physical methods.  
14. Dehydration - the removal of water vapor from air by the  
use of absorbing materials. (2) The removal of water from  
stored goods.  
15. Dew Point - temperature at which condensation starts  
if moist air is cooled at constant pressure with no loss or  
gain of moisture during the cooling process.  
16. Differential (of a control) - the difference between cut-in  
and cut-out temperature or pressure.  
39. Superheat - temperature of vapor above its saturation  
temperature at that pressure.  
17. Dry Bulb Temperature - temperature measured by  
ordinary thermometer (term used only to distinguish  
from wet-bulb temperature).  
40. Temperature, Wet-Bulb - equilibrium temperature of  
water evaporating into air when the latent heat of  
vaporization is supplied by the sensible heat of air.  
41. Thermal Valve - a valve controlled by a thermally  
responsive element, for example, a thermostatic  
expansion valve which is usually responsive to suction or  
evaporator temperature.  
18. Duct - a conduit or tube used for conveying air or other  
gas.  
19. Evaporator - the part of a system in which refrigerant  
liquid is vaporizing to produce refrigerant.  
20. External Equalizer - in a thermostatic expansion valve,  
a tube connection from the chamber containing the  
evaporation pressure-actuated element of the valve to  
the outlet or the evaporator coil. A device to compensate  
for excessive pressure drop throughout the coil.  
21. Flash Gas - the gas resulting from the instantaneous  
evaporation  
42. Throw - the distance air will carry, measured along the  
axis of an air stream from the supply opening to the  
position, is the stream at which air motion reduces to 50  
fpm.  
43. Ton of Refrigeration - a rate of heat interchange of  
12,000 BTU per hour; 200 BTU per min.  
44. Unit Cooler - adapted from unit heater to cover any  
cooling element of condensed physical proportions and  
large surface generally equipped with fan.  
of refrigerant in a pressure-reducing device to cool the  
refrigerant to the evaporations temperature obtained at  
the reduces pressure.  
40  
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Quick Selection Guide  
BTUH Load  
+30 Room  
Usage  
+35 Room  
Usage  
0 Room  
Usage  
Avg.  
-10 room  
Usage  
-20 Room  
Usage  
Floor  
Sq. Ft.  
Dimension  
Avg.  
Heavy  
Avg.  
Heavy  
Heavy  
Avg.  
Heavy  
Avg.  
Heavy  
6x6x8  
6x8x8  
36  
48  
4750  
5417  
6389  
7274  
4488  
5119  
6037  
6974  
4583  
5225  
6505  
7407  
4929  
5630  
7041  
8028  
5274  
6034  
7577  
8648  
6x10x8  
8x8x8  
60  
64  
6055  
6188  
8100  
8291  
5722  
5848  
7655  
7835  
5806  
5934  
8213  
8410  
6265  
6405  
8911  
9127  
6725  
6876  
9609  
9844  
8x10x8  
8x12x8  
8x14x8  
8x16x8  
8x18x8  
8x20x8  
8x22x8  
8x24x8  
8x26x8  
8x28x8  
8x30x8  
8x32x8  
80  
96  
6954  
7669  
8366  
9051  
9269  
6572  
7247  
7905  
8553  
9212  
9846  
10905  
11522  
12166  
12775  
13407  
14009  
7361  
8152  
8920  
9686  
8759  
9614  
6631  
7273  
7922  
8528  
9169  
9755  
10817  
11386  
11976  
12530  
13108  
13653  
7386  
8138  
8887  
9577  
9363  
7165  
7867  
8575  
9237  
10169  
11123  
12059  
12933  
13852  
14682  
15977  
16769  
17573  
18336  
19115  
19855  
11304  
12401  
13493  
14484  
15472  
16405  
18721  
20482  
13655  
15251  
16375  
17464  
18524  
19541  
16521  
17745  
20088  
22324  
19067  
21598  
24017  
21724  
23523  
26149  
24982  
27755  
30922  
33529  
36077  
38603  
46538  
50921  
56580  
60781  
64916  
7699  
8461  
9227  
9946  
10702  
11397  
12567  
13242  
13935  
14594  
15274  
15920  
8594  
10974  
12011  
13026  
13976  
14972  
15874  
17239  
18099  
18970  
19799  
20642  
21446  
12208  
13397  
14581  
15658  
16728  
17741  
20211  
22120  
14756  
16450  
17667  
18847  
19995  
21088  
17826  
19152  
21688  
24110  
20583  
23323  
25941  
23460  
25369  
28208  
16945  
29945  
33330  
36149  
38903  
41631  
49937  
54664  
60656  
65186  
69642  
10174  
11045  
11888  
12732  
13548  
14807  
15622  
16398  
17163  
17947  
18694  
10339  
11385  
12384  
13379  
14349  
15299  
17180  
18922  
13021  
14155  
15284  
16359  
17440  
18474  
15423  
16656  
19042  
21347  
18019  
20631  
23157  
20782  
22644  
25389  
24145  
27132  
30480  
33340  
36127  
38904  
45735  
50733  
56318  
62804  
67611  
10234  
11092  
11890  
12732  
13490  
14715  
15439  
16176  
16873  
17587  
18264  
10401  
11405  
12405  
13311  
14216  
15070  
17231  
18844  
12553  
14052  
15082  
16080  
17052  
17974  
15216  
16338  
18487  
20539  
17550  
19873  
22093  
19989  
21678  
24090  
23019  
25566  
28514  
30909  
33251  
35575  
43023  
47062  
51900  
56259  
60073  
112  
128  
144  
160  
176  
192  
208  
224  
240  
256  
100  
120  
140  
160  
180  
200  
240  
280  
144  
168  
192  
216  
240  
264  
196  
224  
280  
336  
256  
320  
374  
324  
360  
432  
400  
480  
560  
640  
720  
800  
960  
1120  
1280  
1440  
1600  
10437  
11234  
12032  
12803  
13992  
14763  
15496  
16219  
16960  
17666  
9770  
9748  
9936  
10419  
11540  
12224  
12874  
13519  
14187  
14824  
7789  
10576  
11692  
12314  
12955  
13562  
14191  
14786  
7990  
10x10x8  
10x12x8  
10x14x8  
10x16x8  
10x18x8  
10x20x8  
10x24x8  
10x28x8  
12x12x8  
12x14x8  
12x16x8  
12x18x8  
12x20x8  
12x22x8  
14x14x8  
14x16x8  
14x20x8  
14x24x8  
16x16x8  
16x20x8  
16x24x8  
18x18x8  
18x20x8  
18x24x8  
20x20x8  
20x24x8  
20x28x8  
20x32x8  
20x36x8  
20x40x8  
24x40x8  
28x40x8  
32x40x8  
36x40x8  
40x40x8  
8626  
9439  
10759  
11703  
12643  
13560  
14458  
16207  
17881  
12305  
13376  
14443  
15459  
16481  
17458  
14575  
15740  
17795  
21073  
17028  
19496  
21883  
19639  
21398  
23993  
22817  
25640  
28804  
31506  
34140  
36764  
46878  
48970  
55056  
61626  
66608  
8809  
9626  
9481  
10365  
11182  
12009  
12794  
14842  
16367  
10486  
11875  
12810  
13726  
14626  
15485  
12923  
13946  
15935  
17866  
15056  
17215  
19313  
17317  
18930  
21219  
20194  
22619  
25479  
27813  
30115  
32518  
39939  
43950  
49282  
53194  
57070  
10250  
11049  
11838  
13391  
14891  
10038  
10956  
11886  
12775  
13681  
14549  
11993  
13013  
15011  
16969  
14148  
16349  
18506  
16476  
18128  
20484  
19470  
21988  
24963  
27480  
29946  
32420  
38694  
43183  
48550  
54344  
58738  
10379  
11144  
11868  
13796  
15205  
9739  
10441  
11187  
12654  
14072  
9486  
10279  
10942  
12751  
14043  
8991  
10353  
11232  
12072  
12928  
13749  
11333  
12297  
14185  
16036  
13370  
15450  
17488  
15570  
17131  
19357  
18340  
20779  
23590  
25969  
28299  
30637  
36565  
40808  
45880  
51355  
55507  
10235  
11029  
11807  
12573  
13299  
11126  
11995  
13687  
15330  
12939  
14777  
16563  
14864  
16305  
18260  
17386  
19453  
21963  
23954  
25919  
27888  
34681  
38123  
42894  
46254  
49583  
11055  
11919  
12767  
13599  
14392  
12024  
12971  
14811  
16598  
13998  
15996  
17938  
16090  
17617  
19739  
18790  
21036  
23721  
25884  
28017  
30153  
37368  
41095  
46146  
49872  
53385  
*Heavy usage is defined as two times the average air change. Average air  
changes determined by ASHRAE based on box size for 24 hour period.  
41  
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Tips for Quick Selection Guide  
Walk- In Cooler Box Load Parameter  
Walk-In Freezer Box Load Parameters  
1. 95ºF. ambient air temperature surrounding box.  
1. 95ºF. ambient air temperature surrounding box.  
2. 4”Urethane (R=25, K=0.16) walls, ceiling + floor.  
3. Average product load with 10 degree pull down in 24 hours.  
4. BTUH load based on 18 hour compressor run time.  
5. See Table C for adjustment to box load for glass doors.  
6. For 80ºF. ambient air temp. surrounding box, deduct 12%.  
7. For 20 hour compressor run time (light frost load) in lieu of 18  
hour run time, deduct 11%  
2. 4”Styrene (R=16.7, K=0.24) walls/ceilling, 6”concrete slab floor.  
3. Average product load with 5ºF. pull down in 24 hours.  
4. BTUH load based on 16-18 hour compressor run time for 35ºF.  
box (timer recommended) +20 hours for 30ºF. box.  
5. See Table C for adjustment to box load for glass doors.  
6. For 80ºF. ambient temp. surrounding box, deduct 12%.  
7. For 4”Urethane walls+ceiling, 6”concrete slab floor deduct 12%.  
8. For 10’ceiling height add 10%.  
8. For 10’ceiling height add 10%  
9. For additional BTUH load for product cooling see Table A.  
9. For additional BTUH load for product freezing, refer to Table D  
Table A  
Product Cooling Loads for Walk-In Coolers  
(24 hour pull down/18 hour compressor operation) 24% safety factor added to loads to allow for service.  
Specific Heat  
Above  
Freezing  
10 Degree Pull down BTUH Load for Indicated  
lbs of Product per 24 Hours  
Product  
500  
1000  
1500  
2000  
3000  
5000  
Beef  
Pork  
Veal & Lamb  
Poultry  
Seafood  
Vegetables  
Bakery Food  
Beer  
0.72  
0.53  
0.76  
0.79  
0.80  
0.92  
0.74  
1
240  
177  
253  
263  
267  
307  
247  
333  
480  
353  
506  
526  
533  
613  
494  
666  
720  
530  
760  
790  
800  
920  
740  
1000  
960  
706  
1012  
1053  
1066  
1226  
988  
1440  
1060  
1520  
1580  
1600  
1840  
1480  
2000  
2400  
1767  
2533  
2633  
2667  
3067  
2467  
3333  
1333  
For product pull down greater than 10 degrees, divide pull down  
temperature by 10. Multiply this number by the BTUH shown on  
Table A, then add to Box Load  
Table B  
Table C  
Glass Door Loads  
Meat Cutting/Prep Room Load  
(BTU/HR/SQ FT of floor area)  
Approx. 65% R.H.  
Box  
Temperature  
BTU per  
Floor  
SQ FT  
Room Temp.  
Door  
1060  
960  
1730  
1730  
1730  
55ºF.  
93  
88  
85  
81  
78  
75  
72  
69  
67  
65  
62  
50ºF.  
105  
99  
Room Loads based on continuous  
operation and includes allowance  
for average number of personnel,  
processing equipment, etc., with  
glass panel in one wall and walls  
and ceiling insulated with 3”of  
styrene with box located in air  
conditioned area. Evaporator  
should be low outlet velocity type  
to avoid drafts and should be  
selected for continuous operation  
and not less than 30ºF. evap. temp.  
+35  
+30  
0
-10  
-20  
100  
200  
300  
400  
500  
600  
700  
800  
900  
1000  
1200  
95  
90  
87  
85  
81  
78  
75  
73  
* Adjusted for 16-18 hour run time. Multiply number of doors  
times door load above and add to box load.  
69  
Table D  
Product Freezing Loads for Walk-In Freezers  
Spec. Heat  
BTU/lb/Deg. F.Heat  
Latent  
Temp.  
BTU/lb.  
95  
60  
100  
106  
110  
130  
53  
Freezer  
-10ºF. Freezer Temperature BTUH for Indicated lbs. Prod/Day  
Product  
32 +  
0.72  
0.53  
0.76  
0.79  
0.80  
0.92  
0.74  
32 -  
0.40  
0.32  
0.45  
0.42  
0.43  
0.47  
0.34  
(F)  
29  
28  
28  
27  
28  
30  
20  
100  
790  
523  
841  
878  
906  
1053  
520  
300  
750  
1000  
7900  
5235  
8414  
8787  
9063  
10530  
5200  
1500  
11850  
7853  
12621  
13181  
13595  
15795  
7800  
3000  
Beef  
Pork  
Veal & Lamb  
Poultry  
Seafood  
Vegetables  
Bakery Foods  
2370  
1571  
2524  
2636  
2719  
3159  
1560  
5925  
3926  
6311  
6590  
6797  
7898  
3900  
23700  
15710  
25240  
26360  
27190  
31590  
15600  
Freezing loads based on product entering at 40ºF. maximum.  
For a specific pull down time, the product load BTU/hr. may be  
adjusted by multiplying the above loads by 24 and dividing by  
the specific pull down time in hours. To adjust for 0ºF. freezer  
temperature, multiply the above loads by 0.97, and for -20ºF.  
freezer, multiply by 1.04.  
42  
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Rapid Load Calculator for Large Coolers and Freezers  
Example: 100 x 40 x 20’zero ºF. freezer.  
Outside surface totals 13,600 sq. ft. Find  
13,600 sq. ft. outside surface line at left  
of graph. Follow it across to the straight  
line curve. Then drop down to total load  
line at bottom of graph. Total load for this  
example is 224,000 BTUH. Select equipment  
accordingly.  
Design Conditions: 95ºF. ambient; heavy  
service; 16-hr. compressor running time;  
average number of lights, motors, and  
people; product load figured according  
to accompanying table; product traffic  
calculated at 30 degree temperature  
reduction for coolers, 10 degree  
Note: This calculator will work equally well  
for coolers and freezers, providing the room  
is insulated as indicated below:  
35ºF. cooler- 3”  
30ºF. cooler- 4”  
0ºF. cooler- 5”  
polystyrene or equivalent  
polystyrene or equivalent  
polystyrene or equivalent  
-10ºF. cooler- 5 1/2”polystyrene or equivalent  
-20ºF. cooler- 6” polystyrene or equivalent  
temperature reduction for freezers.  
Material originated by Hugo Smith, consulting editor, Air  
Conditioning and Refrigeration Business. Reprinted by permission  
from the April 1968 issue of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration  
Business. Copyright by Industrial Publishing Co., Division of Pittway  
Corporation.  
Average Daily  
Product Loads (lbs.)  
for Coolers  
Average Daily  
Product Loads (lbs.)  
for Freezers  
Volume-  
Cu. Ft.  
500 - 3,000  
3,000 - 4,600  
4,600 - 8,100  
6,200 - 8,000  
8,000 - 11,000  
11,000 - 17,000  
17,000 - 26,000  
26,000 - 33,000  
33,000 - 40,000  
40,000 - 56,000  
56,000 - 66,000  
66,000 - 110,000  
110,000 - 150,000  
150,000 - up  
1,600  
2,000  
2,500  
4,000  
6,200  
7,500  
9,500  
13,000  
17,000  
25,000  
34,000  
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2,000  
2,500  
4,000  
6,200  
7,500  
9,500  
13,000  
17,000  
25,000  
34,000  
up  
8,100 - 12,800  
12,800 - 16,000  
16,000 - 20,000  
20,000 - 28,000  
28,000 - 40,000  
40,000 - 60,000  
60,000 - 80,000  
80,000 - up  
43  
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Since product improvement is a continuing effort, we reserve the right to make changes in  
specifications without notice.  
Heatcraft Refrigeration Products LLC  
2175 West Park Place Blvd • Stone Mountain, GA 30087  
Phone: 800.321.1881• Fax: 770.465.5990 • www.heatcraftrpd.com  
™
The name behind the brands you trust.  
CLIMATE  
Commercial Refrigeration Parts  
CONTROL  
®
H-ENGM 0408  
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