Hawking Technology Network Router HWU8DD User Manual

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Federal Communication Commission

Interference Statement

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B

digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of FCC Rules. These limits are designed to

provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation.

This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not

installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful

interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that

interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause

harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by

turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the

interference by one or more of the following measures:

1. Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

2. Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.

3. Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the

receiver is connected.

4. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio technician for help.

FCC Caution

This device and its antenna must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with

any other antenna or transmitter.

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the

following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2)

this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may

cause undesired operation.

Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for

compliance could void the authority to operate equipment.

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Radiation Exposure Statement

This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure set forth for an

uncontrolled environment. In order to avoid the possibility of exceeding the

FCC radio frequency exposure limits, human proximity to the antenna shall not

be less than 2.5cm (1 inch) during normal operation.

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Federal Communications Commission (FCC) RF Exposure Requirements

SAR compliance has been established in the laptop computer(s) configurations with

PCMCIA slot on the side near the center, as tested in the application for Certification,

and can be used in laptop computer(s) with substantially similar physical dimensions,

construction, and electrical and RF characteristics.Use in other devices such a PDAs

or lappads is not authorized. This transmitter is restricted for use with the specific

antenna(s) tested in the application for Certification. The antenna(s) used for this

transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna

or transmitter.

R&TTE Compliance Statement

This equipment complies with all the requirements of DIRECTIVE 1999/5/EC OF THE

EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL of March 9, 1999 on radio

equipment and telecommunication terminal Equipment and the mutual recognition of

their conformity (R&TTE)

The R&TTE Directive repeals and replaces in the directive 98/13/EEC

(Telecommunications Terminal Equipment and Satellite Earth Station Equipment) As

of April 8,2000.

Safety

This equipment is designed with the utmost care for the safety of those who install and

use it. However, special attention must be paid to the dangers of electric shock and

static electricity when working with electrical equipment. All guidelines of this and of

the computer manufacture must therefore be allowed at all times to ensure the safe

use of the equipment.

EU Countries Intended for Use

The ETSI version of this device is intended for home and office use in Austria,

Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,

the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.

The ETSI version of this device is also authorized for use in EFTA member states :

Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland.

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CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION........................................................................ 6

1.1 Features .........................................................................................................................6

1.2 Specifications ................................................................................................................6

1.3 Package Contents ..........................................................................................................7

INSTALLATION PROCEDURE................................................... 8

CONFIGURATION UTILITY..................................................... 15

1.1 Wireless Connection Status......................................................................................... 15

1.2 Using the Utility.......................................................................................................... 16

1.3 More Settings – Advanced Settings ............................................................................ 17

1.4 Wireless Security Settings ........................................................................................... 18

1.5 Setting WPA and WPA2:............................................................................................. 19

1.6 Using Profiles.............................................................................................................. 20

1.7 Other Settings / Power Consumption Settings ............................................................ 21

1.8 Software Access Point Mode ....................................................................................... 23

1.9 Advanced / More Settings For AP Mode .................................................................... 25

1.10

1.11

1.12

Setting Wireless Security in AP Mode ............................................. 25

Advanced Settings in AP Mode........................................................ 26

MAC Address Filtering in AP Mode ................................................ 26

3 GETTING THE BEST SIGNAL.............................................. 27

4 TROUBLESHOOTING.......................................................... 28

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Introduction

Thank you for purchasing theHawking Hi-Gain 8dBi Directional USB Wireless-G Dish

Adapter. This Hi-Gain Wireless-G USB Dish Adapter utilizes the latest in wireless

technology to extend the reach of your wireless laptop or desktop PC. The

integration of Hawking’s innovative Hi-Gain 8dBi Directional Dish Antenna makes the

HWU8DD a very powerful wireless adapter capable of obtaining wireless distances up

to 4 times that of normal Wireless-G adapters. The HWU8DD isalso very versatile

thanks to its USB 2.0 interface making it compatible with both laptops and desktops.

This adapter supports the highest security standards to maintain a secure wireless

connection within your wireless network. Along with the standard 64, 128, 256-bit

WEP encryption, the HWU8DD also supports WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) which

combines IEEE 802.1x and TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol) technologies. WPA

enables client authentication and key verification, ensuring that your wireless

environment is controlled and secured. This adapter hasa built-in AES engine which

ensures the highest degree of security and authenticity for digital information and is

the most advanced solution defined by IEEE 802.11i for WiFi security.

The Hawking HWU8DD is a High Performance, Hi-Gain WiFi adapter that expands

the possibilities of your wireless network connections.

1.1

Features

Complies with the IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g 2.4GHz standards.

Up to 54Mbps data transfer rate.

Support 64/128/256-bit WEP, WPA (TKIP, IEEE 802.1x) and AES functions for high level of

security.

Supports Software AP function, which turns thewireless station into a wireless AP.

Complies with IEEE 802.11d country roaming standard.

Supports the most popular operating system s: Windows 98SE/Me/2000/XP.

Supports USB 2.0/1.1/1.0 interface.

Integrated Hi-Gain 8dBi Directional Dish Antenna for Extended Distance Performance

Physical Signal Strength 5 LED Readout on Device makes finding an Optimal Signal easy.

Suitable for Any Notebook or Desktop PC.

1.2

Specifications

Standard: IEEE 802.11g/b

Bus Type: USB 2.0 Type A

Frequency Band: 2.4000~2.4835GHz (Industrial Scientific Medical Band)

Modulation: OFDM with BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM (11g)

BPSK, QPSK, CCK (11b)

Data Rate: 54/48/36/24/18/12/11/9/6/5.5/2/1Mbps auto fallback

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Security: 64/128/256-bit WEP Data Encryption, WPA (IEEE 802.1x with TKIP) and AES

Antenna: Directional8 dBi Hi-Gain Dish Antenna

Drivers: Windows 98/SE/Me/2000/XP/2003 Server

LED: Link/Activity; Signal Strength 1~5

Transmit Power: 22~24 dBm (Typical)

Dimension (with antenna folded down): 2.9”(H) x 3.5 ”(W) x 4.5”(D)

Temperature: 32~131°F (0 ~55°C)

Humidity: 0-95% (Non Condensing)

Certification: FCC, CE

1.3

Package Contents

Before you begin the installation, please check the items of your package. The

package should include the following items:

One Hi-Gain Wireless-G USB Dish Adapter

One USB 2.0 Extension Cable

One Quick Installation Guide

One CD (Driver/Install Wizard/Manual )

If any of the above items is missing, contact your supplier as soon as possible.

WARNING / CAUTION: Handling the Antenna

When handling the antenna it is always advised to be gentle when raising the

antenna from its original position. Due to the intricacies of moving parts within

the antenna we recommend using caution when handling the antenna to avoid

any unnecessary damage.

For more details on proper handling of the

antenna please view page.

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Installation Procedure

Before you proceed with the installation, please notice following descriptions.

Note1: Please do not install the USB adapter into your computer before installing the software

program from the CD.

Note2: The following installation was operated in Window s XP. (Procedures are similar for

Windows 98SE/M e/2000/2003 Server.)

Note3: If you have previously installed a wireless adapter card or adapter, please uninstall the

driver and utility.

Please followthe instructions below to install the WiFi Locator Professional Edition as

a Wireless USBAdapter.

I. Install the Configuration Utility

Insert the Installation CD to your CD-ROM Drive. Execute the “Driver and Software

Setup”program from the Autoload CD Menu. If your CD rom does not autoload,

find your CD-Rom drive and explore the contents. Double click the icon that says

Autoload.exe.

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If you want to install the software program in another location, click “Browse” and

select an alternative destination. Then, click “Next”.

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Click “Continue Anyway” to finish the installation.

d) Click Finish to restart your computer after the installation.

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II. Install the USB Adapter

A. Plug the Hi-Gain Wireless-G DishAdapter into the USB port of your computer.

Note: to obtain the best possible wireless data speeds you must attach the device to a hi-speed USB 2.0 port

on your computer. If the device is plugged into a USB 1.1 port it will work at a lower speed.

B. The “Found New Hardware Wizard” is displayed. Some computers will have the

option of asking Windows Update to search automatically for software. If this

happens on your computer select No not at this time.

C. Select “Install the software automatically (Recommended)” and click “Next”.

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D. Click “Continue Anyway” and the system will start to install the USB adapter.

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E. Click “Finish” to complete the installation.

III. Using the Configuration Utility

To setup the USB adapter, double-click the icon in the system tray.

For Windows XP, there is a“Windows Zero Configuration Tool” by default for you to

setup wireless clients. If you want to use the Hawking Utility of the HWU8DD, please

follow one of the ways as below. The Hawking Utility may provide more detailed

features and options to adjust the adapter with.

First Method

A. Double-click the utility

icon in the system tray.

B. Click “Yes” to use the

utility of the USB

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Second Method

A. Double-click the Window’s wireless networking icon.

B. Click on the “Wireless Networks ” tab above.

C. Uncheck “Use Windows to configure my wireless network settings”.

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Configuration Utility

The Configuration Utility is a powerful application that helps you configure the

Hawking TechnologiesHi-Gain Wireless-G Dish Adapter and monitor the link status

during the communication process.

The Configuration Utility appears as an icon on the system tray of Windows while the

card is running. You can open it by double-clicking the icon.

Right click the icon, there are s ome items for you to operate the configuration utility.

Open Utility Window

Select “Open Utility Window” to open the Configuration Utility tool.

Exit Hawking Wireless Utility

Select “Exit Hawking Wireless Utility” to close the Configuration Utility tool.

Before using the utility, you have to know some restrictions of the utility.

1. If you want to connect to an 11g (up to 54Mbps) network, please ensure to install

the adapter to a PC or laptop with an available USB 2.0 interface. This adapter is

backwards compatible with USB 1.1 or USB 1.0 interfaces, however due to the

performance limitations of legacy interfaces the adapter cannot perform at its

optimal level.

2. Under Ad-Hoc mode the adapter works in 802.11b mode only. This is a rule

defined by the WiFi Organization. If you want to enable the data rate up to

54Mbps (11g), please follow the steps listed below.

A. Go to “Network Connections”.

B. Right Click the “Wireless Network Connection” and select “Properties”.

C. From the pop-up screen, click “Configure”.

D. Enter into “Advanced” page of the “Properties” screen.

E. Enable the setting of “IBSS_G_Mode”.

1.1

Wireless Connection Status

When you open the Configuration Utility, the system will scan all channels to find the

access points/stations within the accessible range of your card and automatically

connect to the wireless device with the highest signal strength. From this screen, you

can find details and information on the wireless networks in your environment.

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1.2

Using the Utility

If you are using Windows XP as your operating system, the “Zero Configuration”

feature/tool of Windows XP must be disabled first , then the Hawking Wireless Utility can

be used.

Figure 2-1

Open the Hawking Wireless Utility. The Utility Window is shown in “Figure 2-1”.

The adapter can be set in “Station” or “Access Point” Mode from the Mode drop

down menu. This section will go over the “Station” Mode settings.

- You can site survey the neighboring SSID/wireless networks by pressing the

“Refresh” key, the names of the wireless networks and their signal strength

information will be shown in the “Available Networks” field.

- Double click the SSID site from the “Available Networks” field to connect

directly to a specific SSID or wireless network.

The information of the SSID is shown on the “Current Network Information”.

Show the BSSID of the associatedAP is diaplayed in the “Link Status” field.

“Signal Strength” and “Link Quality” are shown below the BSSID and

described with percentages.

The number of TX Frames are displayed underneath the Signal Strength and

Link Quality fields. The numbers here show the amount of data going out of

your adapter to the network.

The number of RX Frames are displayed underneath the Signal Strength and

Link Quality fields. The numbers here show the amount of data coming into

your adapter from the network.

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1.3

More Settings – Advanced Settings

Figure 2-2

Click the “ More Settings “ icon of Figure 2-1 to enter “More settings “ window. The

window is shown in “ Figure 2-2 ”.

General Connection Setting s:

To adjust settings in the General Connection Settings page you will need to

click the “Change” button.

Press the “Change” button to modifythe status, when the modification is

finished, press “Apply” to save it. The button “Change” and “Apply” is

alternately shown over the same position.

- Modify the SSID name from the “SSID” field. When use the item, the “any

“will be unchecked previously.

- Change the channel using the drop down menu “ Channel”. When using this

feature, Ad Hoc mode will automatically be set.

- Select the transmission rate using the “ Tx Rate” drop down menu.

- Select the “Ad_Hoc” or “Infrastructure” Mode from the “Network Type”

drop down menu.

- Select the Security settings: “Open System” , “Shared Key”, “Auto”,

“WPA” , “WPA PSK”, “WPA2”, “WPA2 PSK” from the “Authentication

Mode ” drop down menu.

- Select the “Disable” ,“WEP”, “TKIP” , “AES” by the “Encryption” drop

down menu.

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Figure 2-3

1.4

Wireless Security Settings

Setting WEP:

WEP Encryption is a standard wireless network security protocol used to protect wireless

data from being hacked and intercepted.

- Select the “Open System” , “Shared Key” mode or “Auto” from the

“authentication Mode” drop down menu.

- Select the “WEP” mode from the “Encryption” drop down menu.

- Press “WEP Encryption Setting” in Figure 2-2 to enter the “WEP Key

Settings” page shown as Figure 2-3.

Press the “Change” button to modify the contents of “WEP Key setting”,

when it is finished, press “Apply” to save it. The button “Change” and

“Apply” is alternately shown in the same position.

- Select which “key length” 64,128 or 256 (bit) that you wish to use within

your network. If you do not know this information check with your network

administrator.

- Select which key set will be used by the field of “Default Key ID”

Modify the 4 sets of keys depending on the selected key length in the field

of “Key Value”. The key value is used in hexadecimalformat.

- Select which key format “hexadecimal” or “ASCII” will be used from the

“Key Format” selection. .

Dynamic WEP:

If you checked the “ The key is provided via 802.1x authentication” of

Figure 2-3 , and press the button: “Apply” , the “Use previous 802.1x

Setting” page should load as in Figure 2-4.

Press “Yes,” if you wish to use previous settings. Select “No” , if you wish

to have new settings. The setting method is the same as setting “TLS” and

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“PAEP ” items. (Refer to 2.3.2.3)

Figure 2-4

Figure 2-5

1.5

Setting WPA and WPA2:

WPA and WPA2 Security is an advanced wireless security standard. It is more

complex than standard WEP encryption and offers more robust security features:

Press the “Change” button to modify the contents of “WPA setting”, when

it is finished, select “Apply” to save your changes. The“Change” and

“Apply” buttons are alternately shown in the same position.

Select “WPA” , “WPA PSK ”, “WPA2” or “WPA2 PSK” from the

“authentication Mode” drop down menudepending on what security

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protocol your network is set on. Note: If you do not have this

information please contact your system administrator for answers and

assistance.

Select “TKIP” or “AES” mode from the “Encryption” drop down menu

depending on what is used in your specific network.. WPA , WPA PSK ,

WPA2 or WPA2 PSK encryption modes will use TKIP or AES.

Select “WPA Encryption Settings” in Figure 2-2 to enter the “WPA

Settings” page shown in Figure 2-5.

After selecting the Authentication Protocol (i.e. WPA or WPA2) you must

select “TLS” or “PEAP” from the “Protocol” drop down menu . If TLS is

selected, the User nameand Certificate of your network will be required

to connect to a WPA/TLS enabled network. If PEAP is used, the User

name, Passwordand Certificate need to be usedfor authentication to a

specific network.

- If you selected the pre-share-key (WPA PSK or WPA2 PSK) protocol, you

can enter your password in the “Passphrase” field for access to the specific

network . If the ASCII format is checked, the password length can be

selected from 8 bytes to 63 bytes depending on the user and network

settings. If you check the Hexadecimal format, 64-bit characters must be

keyed in.

1.6

Using Profiles

Profiles can be used to save the connection and authentication settings of previously

connected networks. These profiles can be accessed at a later time when the network is

present by simply loading a saved profile:

- Select the profile that has been saved previously from the “Profile name”

drop down menu, then press the “Load ” button to load the previously saved

profile.

- Write the profile name in the “Profile name” field, and press the “Save

Current” button to save the current status of the profile.

- Select the profile name that you wish to delete from the “Profile name” drop

down menu, and press “Delete” button to delete it

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Figure 2-6

1.7

Other Settings / Power Consumption Settings

The “Other” settings page will allow you to adjust more advanced features of the

Wireless adapter. It is recommended that these settings not be changed unless by an

advanced wireless user.

Press the “Advanced Settings” button to access the Advanced Settings page as

seen in Figure 2-6.

To change the Language of the Wireless Utility select the preferred language

from the “Language” drop down menu.

To adjust the Power Consumption of your wireless adapter, select which power

save level you wishto use by checking off CAM Mode, Maximum

Power-Saving mode or Fast Power-Saving mode. The default is CAM mode.

For the lowest power consumption setting, select Maximum Power-Saving

mode, throughput will be lower thanit would be in CAM and Fast

Power-Saving mode. The throughput of “Fast Power-Saving mode” is better

than “Maximum Power-Saving mode”, but saves less power when compared to

“Maximum Power-Saving mode”.

The Country Roaming settings allow the user to predefine whether the adapter

will be used internationally. Different countries have different settings for

wireless adapte rs. Select other region from “User Select” drop down menu, or

check “World Mode” to set the adapter in a world roaming mode. When the

word mode is set, the adapter will adapt to the settings of the AP it is associated

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to.

The Fragmentation Threshold Settings bar allows for adjustment of

fragmentation threshold point, the range is from 256 to 2346 bytes.

The RTS / CTS Threshold bar, allows for adjustments of the RTS threshold

point, the range is from 0 to 2347 bytes.

Figure 2-7

Press the “Information” button to view the Information page of the Utility as shown in

Figure 2-7. It includes the Driver version, Utility Version and MAC Address of the

associated adapter.

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1.8

Software Access Point Mode

The Hawking Wireless Utility offers a special feature that allows the HWU8DD to function as

a 802.11b or 802.11g software access point.

Figure 3-1

Open the Hawking Wireless Utility from the “Start Menu”. The menu page should load. To

change the mode to Soft AP, please select the option “ Access Point” from the Mode drop

down menu, as shown in Figure 3-1.

“Network Adapter” shows the available network adapters that can be chosen for

use in AP Mode.

The clients that associate to the access points will have their MAC addresses

shown in the field of the “Station MAC Address”.

The current status of the AP is shown in the “current Network Setting” field.

This field displays the Current Channel information, as well as the Access

Point’s SSID. The status of WEP encryption is displayed as disabled or enable d.

The Tx power level is shown too (The function not available ).

The Tx Frame shows how many frames have been transmitted by the soft AP.

The Rx Frame shows how many frames have been received by the soft AP.

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Figure 3-2

Figure 3-3

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Figure 3-4

1.9

Advanced / More Settings For AP Mode

Click the “ More Setting “ icon of Figure 3-1 to enter the “More setting “ menu. The

“Access Point Setting” page is shown in “ Figure 3-2 ”.

Press the “Change” button to modify the “General Connecting Settings” , and

press the “Apply” buttonto save the changes. The “Change” and “Apply”

buttons are alternately shown in the same position.

Select the wireless mode of your soft AP by selecting “802.11b+g Mixed

Mode” , “802.11g only” , “802.11b only” or “802.11a only” mode from the

“Wireless Mode”drop down menu.

Select the channel from the drop down menu “ Channel”.

Modify the SSID name from the “SSID” field.

Checkthe “Hide SSID” box to hide the SSID from outside clients attempting to

connect to your Soft AP. When outside computers attempt to search for local

networks, your specific SSID will not be displayed.

There are 4 sets transmit power levelthat can be selected in the “Tx power”

field.( Level 0 is the only available selection for this model).

1.10 Setting Wireless Security in AP Mode

Enable or Disable WEP encryption from the drop down menu “WEP”.

Press the “Settings” button to open the “WEP key settings” page shown in

Figure 3-3. Press the “Change” button to modify the contents of the “WEP Key

setting”, when it is finished, press “Apply” to save it. The button “Change” and

“Apply” are alternately shown in the same position. Select which key length

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64,128 or 256 bits you wish to use for your network.

Select a “Default Key ID” for your network from the default Key field. Modify

the 4 sets key depending on the selected key length on the field of “Key Value”.

Depending on which key mode you choose to enter, “hexadecimal” or “ASCII”

the key value will change accordingly. For more information regarding

hexadecimal or ASCII keys please contact our Techsupport..

Select “Open System” or “Shared Key” mode from the “authentication Mode”

drop down menu depending on what type of security you wish to setup in your

network.

1.11 Advanced Settings in AP Mode

Adjustthe fragmentation threshold point by sliding the bar left and right. The

range is from 256 to 2346 (Disable) bytes.

Adjust the “RTS / CTS” settings by sliding the bar left and right. The

threshold point range is from 0 to 2347(Disable) bytes.

The advanced settings tab allows users to adjust their Preamble to long or short.

If you are an advanced user you may set the value here. Otherwise it is

recommended that you use the default setting.

1.12 MAC Address Filtering in AP Mode

MAC Address Filtering - to use MAC address filtering, select the Mac

Address Filter button. The menu page will load asshown in Figure 3-4. Select

“Disable” or “Accept” or “Filter” from the field in the drop down menu “Filter

Type”. The MAC Address filtering option supports up to 16 sets of MAC.

When you have finished setting your values, click apply to save your settings.

- Bridge Adapter

To use the adapter as a Bridge Adapter you must first select the adapter from the

drop down menu.

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3 Getting the Best Signal

This chapter provides information on how to correctly handle the Dish Antenna and

position it for the best possible signal reception.

1. Handling the Antenna

When handling the antenna it is always advised to be gentle when raising the

antenna from is original position. Due to the intricacies of moving parts within

the antenna we recommend using caution when handling the antenna to avoid

any unnecessary damage.

Raising the Antenna – Gently lift the dish of the

antenna to your desired antenna angle.

Rotating the Antenna – Take caution when

rotating the face of the Dish. The Dish face can

rotate clockwise or counter-clockwise in a 90

degree rotation. (180 degree total from one extreme to the other)

Be very careful to NOT OVER-EXTEND THE ROTATION LIMITS of the Dish.

2. Finding the Best Signal

Associate your Wireless-G Dish Adapter to your local wireless network.

Position the Dish antenna towards the Access Point and rotate it slowly left and

right in a 180 degree radius.

Signal Strength LED Readout: These are the 5 blue LEDs on the front of the

Dish Adapter that convey real time signal strength percentages to the user.

LED Readout Legend:

1 LED – (0-20%)

Very Bad Connection

2 LED – (20-40%) Poor connection

3 LED – (40-60%) Fair Connection

4 LED – (60-80%)

Good Connection

5 LED – (80-100%) Excellent Connection

As you rotate the antenna from left to right, notice the LED readouts and find

the antenna orientation that provides the best connection.

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4 Troubleshooting

This chapter provides solutions to problems usually encountered during the

installation and operation of theadapter.

3. What is the IEEE 802.11g standard?

802.11g is the new IEEE standard for high-speed wireless LAN communications

that provides for up to 54 Mbps data rate in the 2.4 GHz band. 802.11g is quickly

becoming the next mainstream wireless LAN technology for the home, office and

public networks.

802.11g defines the use of the same OFDM modulationtechnique specified in

IEEE 802.11a for the 5 GHz frequency band and applies it in the same 2.4 GHz

frequency band as IEEE 802.11b. The 802.11g standard requires backward

compatibility with 802.11b.

The standard specifically calls for:

A. A new physical layer for the 802.11 Medium Access Control (MAC) in the 2.4

GHz frequency band, known as the extended rate PHY (ERP). The ERP adds

OFDM as a mandatory new coding scheme for 6, 12 and 24 Mbps (mandatory

speeds), and 18, 36, 48 and 54 Mbps (optional speeds). The ERP includes

the modulation schemes found in 802.11b including CCK for 11 and 5.5 Mbps

and Barker code modulation for 2 and 1 Mbps.

B. A protection mechanism called RTS/CTS that governs how 802.11g devices

and 802.11b devices interoperate.

4. What is the IEEE 802.11b standard?

The IEEE 802.11b Wireless LAN standard subcommittee, whichformulates the

standard for the industry. The objective is to enable wireless LAN hardware from

different manufactures to communicate successfully and efficiently.

5. What does IEEE 802.11 featuresupport?

The product supports the following IEEE 802.11 functions:

CSMA/CA plus Acknowledge Protocol

Multi-Channel Roaming

Automatic Rate Selection

RTS/CTS Feature

Fragmentation

Power Management

6. What is Ad-hoc?

An Ad-hoc integrated wireless LAN is a group of computers, each has a

Wireless LAN adapter, Connected as an independent wireless LAN. Ad hoc

wireless LAN is applicable at a departmental scale for a branch or SOHO

operation.

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7. What is Infrastructure?

An integrated wireless and wireless and wired LAN is called an Infrastructure

configuration. Infrastructure is applicable to enterprise scale for wireless access

to central database, or wireless application for mobile workers.

8. What is BSS ID?

A specific Ad hoc LAN is called a Basic Service Set (BSS). Computers in a BSS

must be configured with the same BSS ID.

9. What is WEP?

WEP is Wired Equivalent Privacy, a data privacy mechanism based on a 40 bit

shared key algorithm, as described in the IEEE 802 .11 standard.

10.What is TKIP?

TKIP is a quick-fix method to quickly overcome the inherent weaknesses in WEP

security, especially the reuse of encryption keys. TKIP is involved in the IEEE

802.11i WLAN security standard, and the specification might be officially

released by early 2003.

11.What is AES?

AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), a chip-based security, has been

developed to ensure the highest degree of security and authenticity for digital

information, wherever and however communicated or stored, while making more

efficient use of hardware and/or software than previous encryption standards. It

is also included in IEEE 802.11i standard. Compare with AES, TKIP is a

temporary protocol for replacing WEP security until manufacturers implement

AES at the hardware level.

12.Can Wireless products support printer sharing?

Wireless products perform the same function as LAN products. Therefore,

Wireless products can work with Netware, Windows 2000, or other LAN

operating systems to support printer or file sharing.

13.Would the information be intercepted while transmitting on air?

WLAN features two-fold protection in security. On the hardware side, as with

Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum technology, it has the inherent security

feature of scrambling. On the software side, WLAN series offer the encryption

function (WEP) to enhance security and Access Control. Users can set it up

depending upon their needs.

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14.What is DSSS? What is FHSS? And what are their differences?

Frequency-hopping spread-spectrum (FHSS) uses a narrowband carrier that

changes frequency in a pattern thatis known to both transmitter and receiver.

Properly synchronized, the net effect is to maintain a single logical channel. To

an unintended receiver, FHSS appears to be short-duration impulse noise.

Direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DSSS) generates a redundant bit pattern for

each bit to be transmitted. This bit pattern is called a chip (or chipping code). The

longer the chip is, the greater the probability that the original data can be

recovered. Even if one or more bits in the chip are damaged during transmission,

statistical techniques embedded in the radio can recover the original data

without-the need for retransmission. To an unintended receiver, DSSS appears

as low power wideband noise and is rejected (ignored) by most narrowband

receivers.

15.What is Spread Spectrum?

Spread Spectrum technology is a wideband radio frequency technique

developed by the military for use in reliable, secure, mission-critical

communication systems. It is designed to trade off bandwidth efficiency for

reliability, integrity, and security. In other words, more bandwidth is consumed

than in the case of narrowband transmission, but the trade off produces a signal

that is, in effect, louder and thus easier to detect, provided that the receiver

knows the parameters of the spread-spectrum signal being broadcast. If a

receiver is not tuned to the right frequency, a spread –spectrum signal looks like

background noise. There are two main alternatives, Direct Sequence Spread

Spectrum (DSSS) and Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum(FHSS).

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