Furuno SONAR CSH 5 MARK 2 User Manual

COLOR SCANNING SONAR

CSH-5 MARK-2

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SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

WARNING

Keep heater away from equipment.

ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD

Do not open the equipment.

A heater can melt the equipment’s power

cord, which can cause fire or electrical

shock.

Only qualified personnel

should work inside the

equipment.

Use the proper fuse.

Immediately turn off the power at the

switchboard if water leaks into the

equipment or something is dropped in

the equipment.

Fuse rating is shown on the equipment.

Use of a wrong fuse can result in equipment

damage.

Do not operate the equipment with wet

hands.

Continued use of the equipment can cause

fire or electrical shock. Contact a FURUNO

agent for service.

Electrical shock can result.

Do not disassemble or modify the

equipment.

Fire, electrical shock or serious injury can

result.

Do not place liquid-filled containers on

the top of the equipment.

Fire or electrical shock can result if a liquid

spills into the equipment.

Immediately turn off the power at the

switchboard if the equipment is emitting

smoke or fire.

Continued use of the equipment can cause

fire or electrical shock. Contact a FURUNO

agent for service.

Make sure no rain or water splash leaks

into the equipment.

Fire or electrical shock can result if water

leaks in the equipment.

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CAUTION

Do not exceed 18 knots when operating

the equipment and do not exceed 16

knots when lowering or raising the

transducer.

The transducer may become damaged.

The zinc block attached near the

transducer must be replaced yearly.

The junction between the transducer and

main shaft may corrode, which can result

in loss of the transducer or water leakage

inside the ship.

Do not use the equipment for other

than its intended purpose.

Use of the equipment as a stepping stool,

for example, may result in personal injury

or equipment damage.

A warning label is attached to the equip-

ment. Do not remove the label. If the

label is missing or damaged, contact

a FURUNO agent or dealer.

Name: Warning Label (1)

Type: 86-003-1011-0

Code No.: 100-236-230

WARNING

To avoid electrical shock, do not

remove cover. No user-serviceable

parts inside.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. FOREWORD _________________________________________ 1

2. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION_____________________________ 2

3. CONTROLS _________________________________________ 3

Operating Controls .......................................................................................................... 3

Main Panel ....................................................................................................................... 4

Control Box Panel ........................................................................................................... 5

Menu Screen .................................................................................................................... 7

4. BASIC OPERATION __________________________________ 10

General .......................................................................................................................... 10

Turning the Power On/Off ............................................................................................. 10

Lowering the Transducer ............................................................................................... 11

Selecting a Display Range ............................................................................................. 11

Setting the Tilt Angle ..................................................................................................... 11

Adjusting the Gain ......................................................................................................... 15

5. FINE TUNING THE PICTURE___________________________ 16

General .......................................................................................................................... 16

Eliminating Unwanted Feeble Echoes........................................................................... 16

Displaying Surface Fish Clearly .................................................................................... 17

Suppressing Seabed Tail ................................................................................................ 17

Suppressing Seabed and Sea Surface Reflections in Shallow Fishing Grounds ........... 18

Rejecting Sonar Interference and Noise ........................................................................ 18

Selecting Horizontal Beamwidth ................................................................................... 19

Selecting Vertical Beamwidth........................................................................................ 19

6. ADVANCED OPERATION______________________________ 20

General .......................................................................................................................... 20

Measuring Range and Bearing to a Target..................................................................... 20

Detecting Fish Schools Aurally ..................................................................................... 20

Relocating Fish School for Easy Observation ............................................................... 21

Finding Fish School Center ........................................................................................... 22

Registering F1/F2 (function) key and Recalling ........................................................... 22

7. MARK AND DATA____________________________________ 24

Marks ............................................................................................................................. 24

Data................................................................................................................................ 25

8. INTERPRETING THE DISPLAY _________________________ 26

General .......................................................................................................................... 26

Interpreting the Display ................................................................................................. 26

iii

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9. WARNING __________________________________________ 30

Overvoltage Warning ..................................................................................................... 30

Unretracted Transducer Warning ................................................................................... 30

10. MENU ____________________________________________ 32

General .......................................................................................................................... 32

Changing Menu Settings ............................................................................................... 32

11. INTERFACE MODULE CSH-5060 ______________________ 35

Specifications................................................................................................................. 35

Operation ....................................................................................................................... 36

Indications ..................................................................................................................... 47

Marks and Data.............................................................................................................. 51

Event Mark Position Output .......................................................................................... 52

12. MAINTENANCE ____________________________________ 53

General .......................................................................................................................... 53

13. UNIT DIAGNOSTIC TESTS ___________________________ 54

Description of Unit-diagnostic Tests ............................................................................. 54

14. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ULTRASONIC WAVE IN

WATER ___________________________________________ 58

Sound Velocity............................................................................................................... 58

Absorption and Attenuation........................................................................................... 59

Refraction ...................................................................................................................... 60

Adverse Effect of Air Bubbles....................................................................................... 61

Reflection at Seabed and Fish School ........................................................................... 62

SPECIFICATIONS____________________________________ SP-1

INDEX

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1. FOREWORD

The FURUNO CSH-5 MARK-2 Color Scanning Sonar is a full-

circle,multibeam electronic scanning sonar which detects and instan-

taneously displays fish schools and underwater conditions in 16 colors

on a 14" non-glare, high resolution CRT screen. Its ease of operation,

versatility and compact size make it the perfect match for any class

of fishing vessel.

Some of the prominent features of the CSH-5 MARK-2 are as fol-

lows;

• Compact 8" tube retraction tank

• Vivid 16-color display greatly improves recognition of seabed, and

concentration, distribution and volume of fish schools.

• Various on-screen indications keep operator abreast of fishing con-

ditions.

• Change of control setting is indicated by displaying the new set-

ting in larger characters for five seconds.

• High power MOS FET transmitter ensures reliable operation un-

der any condition.

• Control box, for operation from a distance.

The CSH-5 MARK-2 is a highly sophisticated instrument which per-

forms its intended functions only when operated properly. Please care-

fully read and follow the recommended procedures for operation and

maintenance to take full advantage of the many features this unit has

to offer.

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2. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

System Configuration

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3. CONTROLS

Operating Controls

The CSH-5 MARK-2 provides intuitive operation. If you change a

control setting you will see the associated reaction on the screen al-

most immediately. All operations are carried out from the main panel

and the control box. The front panel incorporates mainly controls

which do not require frequent adjustment, such as brilliance, interfer-

ence rejector, and audio volume. The control box, which is connected

to the display unit via a 7 m-long connection cable, houses the most-

often used functions, including transducer operation controls, and

range and gain controls.

Main Panel

DEMAG Button

demagnetizes the

display for cleaning

irregular picture color.

DISPLAY UNIT

CONTROL BOX

Control Panel

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Main Panel

AGC suppresses the echo tail of strong targets, e.g., the

seabed, for easy recognition of fish schools adjacent to the sea

bottom. Position "1" or "2" is the normal setting.

NOISE LIM is used to reject noise which is displayed over the

screen in light blue. Position "3" is the normal setting.

VP (Video Processor) adjusts the after-image of the echoes for

proper period; echoes are stretched in the radial direction. Set

at "1" for ordinary use.

AGC

NOISE LIM

IR (Interference Rejector) rejects random noise and

OFF

interference caused by other echo sounders or sonars.

BRILL adjusts brightness of the screen in eleven steps.

CONTRAST adjusts the range of brightness between

highlights and shadows on the produced image.

BRILL

CONTRAST

DIMMER adjusts panel (main panel and control box panel)

illumination.

DIMMER

AUDIO

AUDIO controls the volume of the built-in loudspeaker for

monitoring a target echo appearing the bearing mark.

POWER

OFF

POWER switches on and off the entire system.

COLOR SCANNING SONAR

Note: When the power is turned off before retracting the transducer,

the transducer is automatically retracted. However, for safety

purposes, do not forget to retract the transducer before turn-

ing the power off.

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Control Box Panel

TRANSDUCER retracts

and lower

the transducer. The lamp above the switch flickers while

the transducer is moving and lights when stopped.

TX turns on the transmitter, freeze the display and turns off the

transmitter. The light above the switch is on when the transmitter is turned on

and flickers when off.

Note: The transmitter is turned off when the transducer is retracted even if

the light above the TX switch is on.

MENU turns the menu display on and off.

AUTO

TILT

EVENT

SECTOR

SCAN

EVENT

DELETE

TRANSDUCER

R/B

TILT

RANGE

GAIN

OFF-

CENTER

GAIN adjusts the receiver sensitivity.

Adjust it for clear presentation of fish

school echoes. This control is also

used to change settings on menu

screens.

TILT continuously varies the tilt

angle of the sounding beam

between 0° and - 55°. The operating

angle is always indicated on the

screen.

RANGE selects a picture display range. This control is

also used to select items on menu screens. Note that

this control endlessly turns in both directions.

TRACKBALL moves the trackball mark ( ) to a desired position. The trackball

mark data, i.e., slant range, horizontal range, depth and bearing to the mark, are

always indicated on the screen. Additionally, this control is used to position the

own ship’s mark, enter event marks and set the alarm.

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EVENT

EVENT displays the latest event mark “ + ” and its position data; i.e.,

horizontal range, depth and bearing measured from own ship’s posi-

tion. (optional interface board is required to use this function.)

To delete event mark, locate the cursor on a event mark you want to

delete and press EVENT DELETE key.

EVENT

DELETE

R/B

R/B draws a straight line, called Bearing Mark, from own ship posi-

tion mark “ ” toward the trackball mark “ ” and simultaneously

draws a circle called Range Mark with a radius of

to . Range

and bearing data of the intersection of the two marks are displayed on

the lower center of the screen. To turn off the range and bearing marks,

move the trackball mark near the own ship position mark and press

the R/B key.

OFF-

CENTER

OFF-CENTER moves the own ship’s mark to a desired location on

the screen in steps of 1/6 of screen radius. To off center the screen,

place trackball mark on location to offcenter and press the OFF-CEN-

TER key. To reset the off-centered own ship’s mark, press the OFF-

CENTER key again.

AUTO

TILT

AUTO TILTautomatically tilts the sounding beam up and down within

the tilt angle set on the menu screen.

SECTOR

SCAN

SECTOR SCAN scans the bearing mark in 2° steps within the area

selected on the menu screen. The echoes along the marker can be

monitored thru the built-in speaker. The lamp at the left of the switch

lights during sector scanning.

These keys provide user-defined sonar setting by one key operation.

These keys have factory settings. See page 22.

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Menu Screen

The CSH-5 MARK-2 employs four menu screens; menu-l, menu-2

and system menu. Of the four menus, the menu-2 and system menu

contain preset items which do not require setting alteration if they are

once set at installation. See page 32 for further details. The menu-l

contains items to be set by the operator while using the sonar, taking

the fishing ground and fishing method into account. This menu can

be recalled on the lower part of the screen as “scan menu” during

normal operation. This let you adjust setting while observing the so-

nar picture.

Application

How to use

After installation, select each

item according to your system

configuration. Select items

after raising the transducer or

turning off the transmitter.

MENU-1

MENU-2

For system

setting

SYSTEM

Recall the menu screen by

MENU key and adjust the

item for the best quality sonar

picture.

SCAN MENU For user setting

Recalling Scan Menu

Press the MENU key, and 5 lines of the menu items are displayed on

the lower part of the screen. Note that the scan menu can be recalled

only when the transmitter is on.

SCAN MENU

( RANGE SW : U/D GAIN SW : L/R )

HUE

: 1

: 8

PULSELENGTH : 7

TX OUTPUT

TX CYCLE

TVG NEAR

: 10

: 6

Changing Setting

To change a setting, select item with the RANGE control and setting

with the GAIN control. The selected item is highlighted in green and

the selected setting is circumscribed in white. To scroll the menu items,

turn the RANGE control counterclockwise.

Note: The gain and range of the sonar picture can not be changed

while the scan menu is displayed.

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Turning Off Scan Menu

To turn off the scan menu, press the MENU key.

Note: Settings for the items shown in red are locked. To unlock the

settings, call up the system menu. See page 33.

List of Scan Menu Items

SCAN MENU

( RANGE SW : U/D GAIN SW : L/R )

HUE

: 1

: 8

: 7

: 10

: 6

: 7

TX OUTPUT

PLUSELENGTH

TX CYCLE

TVG NEAR

TVG FAR

AUTO SCN WDTH : ± 10°

AUTO TLT WDTH : ± 2°~10°

HOR BEAM ANGL : WIDE

VER BEAM ANGL : WIDE

RES COL CURVE : LINER

± 20°

± 40°

± 6°~20°

±60°

± 10°~26°

±4°~14°

NARROW

COL EMPHASIS

: 1 (LOW)

4 (HIGH)

FUNC KEY PROG : FUNC1

FUNC2

FACTORY

Contents of Scan Menu

MENU ITEM

HUE

MEANING

Changes the background and foreground colors of the display to

compensate for lighting conditions.

TX OUTPUT

Adjusts output power in eleven steps; "0" is for minimum power

and "10", maximum. Set to "10" for normal use, and use a low

power when sea surface reflection or seabed echo obscures fish

schools in short range and shallow water operations. Note that the

output power changes 10 seconds after the setting is changed.

PULSELENGTH

TX CYCLE

Sets a transmission pulselength in eleven steps; "0" is for the

shortest length and "10" the longest.

Selects transmission repetition rate in eleven steps; "0" is for the

longest period and " 10" for the shortest.

TVG NEAR

TVG FAR

Control the receiver sensitivity at short and long ranges,

respectively.

FAR: Over 400 m, position "5" is the normal setting.

NEAR: Within 400 m, position "5" is the normal setting.

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AUTO SCAN

WIDTH

Sets the scan width; ±10, ±20, ±40 or ±60 (in degrees). Use a wide

width to conduct a general search of a scan area, narrowing it once

a fish school is detected.

AUTO TILT WIDTH This menu is used to set the automatic tilt width (in degrees);

±2 - ±10, ±4 - ±14, ±6 - ±20, or ±10 - ±26. The two numbers in

each setting shows that the width changes as the range in use

changes; left number for the longest range and right one for the

shortest range.

HOR BEAM ANGL This menu is used to select the horizontal beam angle. Select wide

for general use; narrow for better bearing discrimination.

VER BEAM ANGL Sets the vertical beam angle. Select narrow for general use; wide for

fish which swims up and down at a high speed. Note that the wide

beam angle allows to search a wide area vertically but fish detection

range is shortened since the transmitted power spreads. Note also

that, when used in a shallow water, the bottom echo is displayed

widely.

RES COL CURVE

(Response Color

Curve)

This menu sets the balance between weak and strong echoes. In the

LINEAR position, output (echo strength displayed) varies

proportionally with input (actual echo strength). Select a higher

setting to better emphasize weak echoes: weak echoes are displayed

in stronger echo colors as the number goes higher. The standard

setting is LINEAR position.

COLOR EMPHASIS This menu is used to set the proportion of red in the color display;

as the number goes higher, greater proportion echoes are displayed

in red.

FUNCKEY PROG

This menu is used to register user-defined setting for F1 and F2

keys. FACTORY is to set default setting.

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4. BASIC OPERATION

General

This section provides information necessary for basic operation of

the CSH-5 MARK-2, from turning the power on and off to detecting

and tracking fish schools. The basic operating procedure is shown

below.

Basic Operating Procedure

CONTROL SETTINGS

OUTPUT

TVG, (Far, Near) 5, 5

Location for

magnetic function

card

AGC

NOISE LIM

OFF

1/8 Turn power ON (OFF).

2/7 Lower/raise transducer.

4 Turn transmitter on.

5 Set tilt angle.

6 Adjust gain.

3 Select display range.

Turning the Power On/Off

Power On

Press the POWER switch on the main panel. The lamp at the left of

the switch lights.

Note: The Display and the Transceiver are checked for proper op-

eration each time the power is applied. The check is explained

in greater detail in a later chapter.

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Power Off

Press the TRANSDUCER “ ” switch on the control box. Wait until

the lamp above the switch lights, and then press the POWER “OFF”

switch. Note that the transducer automatically retracts into the tank

even if the POWER “OFF” switch is pressed without raising the

transducer (by pressing the TRANSDUCER “ ” switch). However,

for safety purposes, it is recommended that you make a habit of press-

ing the TRANSDUCER “ ” switch first to ensure that the trans-

ducer is retracted.

Lowering the Transducer

Press the TRANSDUCER “ ” switch. The lamp above the switch

flickers, and then lights when the transducer is fully lowered.

CAUTION

Observe maximum allowable ship’s

speed of 18 knots during operation and

16 knots while raising/lowering

transducer.

Selecting a Display Range

The RANGE switch on the control box is used to select a display

range. The range selected is displayed at the top center of the screen.

Setting the Tilt Angle

The tilt angle shows the direction to which the sound wave is emit-

ted. When the sound wave is emitted horizontally, it is said to be zero

(0) degrees and when emitted vertically, 90 degrees. To set a tilt angle,

operate the TILT lever for the desired angle while watching the tilt

angle indication at the top right-hand side of the screen. The tilt angle

can be set in one-degree steps within the range of 0 to 55 degrees.

Finding the proper tilt angle is of utmost importance when searching

for fish. This unit, because of its compact size, is highly suited to

coastal water fishing where the depth of the main fishing ground is

from 50-l00 m. In this type of fishing ground it is imperative that the

seabed echo be always displayed to properly distinguish between fish

and the seabed. When selecting a tilt angle, keep the following points

in mind.

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Seabed Echo vs Tilt Angle

Case 1: Tilt Angle 30 to 40 degrees

A wide tilt angle will display the entire seabed since it is captured by

the full width of the beam.

Case 2: Tilt Angle 10 to 20 degrees

A narrow tilt angle will display only half the seabed since it is cap-

tured by only the lower half of the beam.

Case 3: Tilt Angle 0 to 10 degrees

An exceptionally narrow tilt angle may or may not capture the sea-

bed since the returning echo is weak.

Example of How to Discriminate Fish Echoes

from the Seabed

The following figure illustrates how two fish schools a and b are

displayed on screen using three different tilt angles.

Case 1: Tilt angle 30 to 40 degrees

Fish school is obscured by the seabed.

Case 2: Tilt angle 10 to 20 degrees

Fish school is located above the seabed (midwater).

Case 3: Tilt angle 0 to 10 degrees

Fish school is located close to the seabed.

Case 1

Case 2

Case 3

Fish School a

Seabed

Case 1

Case 2

Case 3

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Points to Consider

• As a general rule of thumb, a vertically distributed fish school is a

better sonar target than the seabed, since it reflects the transmitted

pulse back toward to the source.

• In case 3, both fish schools a and b are presented. Generally

speaking, however, midwater fish schools tend to be larger than

bottom fish schools and they are often displayed near the seabed

on the sonar screen.

• Detection of bottom fish is difficult if they are not distributed ver-

tically.

Tilt Angle for Surface Fish

Sound emitted from the sonar transducer forms a circle-shaped beam

with a width of approximately 13 degrees in the vertical direction

(vertical beam width). The tilt angle is indicated by the angle be-

tween the center line of the beam and the horizontal plane. Then, if

the tilt angle is set to 0 degrees, the center line is parallel with the sea

surface and one half of the emitted sound goes upward toward the sea

surface.

This causes a half of the emitted sound to be reflected back toward

the transducer and displayed on the screen as sea surface reflections.

When the sea is calm, since the sound is reflected just like a light

hitting a mirror at a narrow incident angle, it propagates away and the

sea surface reflections become negligible.

However if the sea is not calm enough, they will become dominant

and will interfere with observation of wanted echoes. To minimize

these sea surface reflections and to search surface fish schools effec-

tively, the tilt angle is usually set to 5-6 degrees so that the upper

portion of the beam becomes almost parallel with the sea surface.

When the sea is rough, it is often set to a little larger angle.

SEA SURFACE

TILT 7°

TILT 0° 13°

13°

Suitable Tilt Angle

The figure on the next page illustrates the relationship among tilt

angle, depth and detection range. Refer to it to find out the suitable

tilt angle for a given depth/detection range.

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Depth

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Adjusting the Gain

The gain should be adjusted to see fish echoes clearly with minimal

noise on the screen. Too high a setting not only causes excessive

noise on the screen and makes it difficult to discriminate wanted fish

echoes but also causes seabed echoes to be painted in strong colors,

resulting that the echoes from bottom fish are masked by seabed re-

flections. Normally, positions “3” thru “7” are used.

Gain Low

Gain Proper

Gain High

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5. FINE TUNING THE PICTURE

General

In the previous chapter basic operation of the sonar was presented.

This chapter describes the procedures for fine tuning the sonar pic-

ture.

Eliminating Unwanted Feeble Echoes

Echoes from targets such as seabed and fish return to the transducer

in order of distance to them, and when we compare their intensities at

the transducer face, those from nearer targets are generally stronger

when their reflecting properties are nearly equal. The sonar operator

will be quite inconvenienced if these echoes are directly displayed on

the screen, since he can not judge the actual size of the target from

the size of echoes displayed on the screen. To overcome this inconve-

nience, the TVG function is incorporated. It compensates for propa-

gation loss of sound in water; amplification of echoes on short rang is

suppressed and gradually increased as range increases so that similar

targets are displayed in the similar intensities irrespective of the ranges

to them.

The CSH-5 MARK-2 incorporates two TVG function, NEAR and

FAR, and they mainly compensate for propagation loss on short and

long ranges respectively, centered at the ranges shown below. Setting

a TVG in the scan menu larger (smaller) increases (decreases) ampli-

fication of echoes.

The TVG is also used to suppress unwanted echoes and noise which

appear in a certain range area on the screen such as sea surface reflec-

tions and cruising noise. To obtain the proper TVG setting, follow

the procedure below.

TVG Setting Procedure

1. Set the TVG menus NEAR to “5” and FAR to “5”. These are the

standard setting and you can maintain these settings in most cases.

2. When sea surface reflections or plankton layers disturb the pic-

ture, adjust the NEAR control to eliminate them. They will be

eliminated by decreasing the control setting by “1” or “2”.

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3. Locate a fish school on a long range setting which is approaching

own ship. Note that the tilt should be kept adjusted so that the fish

school is always placed in the center of the sonar beam, i.e., so

that the fish school is displayed in strongest colors possible. Check

that the fish echo is displayed in the same color while it approaches.

If the color changes suddenly to weaker colors as the fish echo

enters FAR and NEAR areas, the TVG is improperly set. Adjust

the TVG in the scan menu to correct it. If this again produces sea

surface reflections and noise, try to remove them with the AGC

and NL controls as described later on.

Displaying Surface Fish Clearly

When you are searching for surface fish with the tilt set to a narrow

angle, sea surface reflections may disturb or mask wanted fish

echoes. In this case, in addition to the TVG adjustment described

earlier adjust the AGC control between positions “0” thru “3”.

Suppressing Seabed Tail

As noted earlier, fish schools (echoes) located near the seabed are

sometimes difficult to detect because you have to discriminate them

in the seabed reflections. The AGC control and PULSELENGTH in

the scan menu, if used properly, decrease the tail of seabed reflec-

tions, making it easier to discriminate bottom fish.

AGC Control

The AGC control functions to automatically reduce the receiver gain

only against strong echoes such as the seabed or a large fish school.

Since weak echoes remain unaffected, a small fish school becomes

easier to detect. Adjust it so that the AGC works only on seabed re-

flections. Do not turn it too far clockwise.

PL (Pulselength)

The pulselength control determines the length of the transmission

pulse emitted into the water. While a longer pulse is advantageous

for long range sounding, it has the disadvantage of being poor in

discrimination of targets, i.e., ability to separate several closely lo-

cated targets. When searching bottom fish, therefore, it is useful to

shorten the pulselength in order to separate fish echoes from seabed

reflections. Decrease the PL setting to shorten the pulselength in the

scan menu. For search of surface and midwater fish in which seabed

reflections are not so strong, the longest pulselength “ 10” should be

used.

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Suppressing Seabed and Sea Surface Reflections in

Shallow Fishing Grounds

In shallow fishing grounds with hard or rocky bottom, seabed reflec-

tions often interfere with wanted fish echoes and they can not be

eliminated sufficiently with the aforementioned TVG and AGC con-

trols, especially when the TILT is set to a larger angle in order to

track fish schools approaching within 400 m. In such cases try to

reduce the output power by setting the OUTPUT in the scan menu

without turning down the gain. The picture becomes clearer when

output power is reduced rather than when the gain is decreased as

illustrated below.

Fish echo

weakened

TVG & AGC adjusted

No Good

with OUTPUT

maintained high

Fish echo

OUTPUT decreased

with gain maintained

constant.

Good

Rejecting Sonar Interference and Noise

While observing the sonar picture, you may encounter occasional or

intermittent noise and interference as shown below. These are mostly

caused by on-board electronic equipment, engine or propeller noise,

or electrical noise from other sonars being operated nearby.

Identifying Noise Source

To eliminate noise effectively, you should first identify the noise

source.

* Turn off the TX switch on the control box and operate all on board

equipment one by one while observing the picture.

* Run the boat at various speeds to check if the noise is speed de-

pendent.

If neither of the above two steps has effect on the picture, adjust the

IR (Interference Rejector) and NOISE LIM (noise limiter) controls

as follows.

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Rejecting Noise with IR Control

This control is similar to the interference rejector on echo sounders

and radars. It is effective for rejecting random noise and sea surface

reflections in rough sea conditions. Set the IR control to positions

“1” thru “3” so that noise is just eliminated. Do not use an unneces-

sarily high setting since it may also reject small wanted echoes.

Rejecting Noise with NOISE LIM Control

Weak, unwanted reflections, colored light blue or green, are displayed

when water is contaminated or plankton layers exist or due to ship’s

noise. These echoes gradually become bluish as the NOISE LIM con-

trol is turned clockwise. Usually position “3” to “4” is used.

Rejecting Interference with TX Cycle

When other sonars operate nearby at the same transmission interval

as that of own ship’s sonar, interference ring caused by other sonars

are displayed. To erase the interference ring from the screen, reduce

the TX cycle setting on the scan menu screen. See page 8.

Note: When the sonar is used in a shallow water with the range set

between 100 m and 200 m and the TX cycle at “10”, seabed

reflections caused by the transmission which is the last but

one on near range on screen. Reduce the figure of TX cycle to

“7” or “8” to reject them.

Interference

Selecting Horizontal Beamwidth

If you wish to have better bearing discrimination* for fish schools

and also wish to examine the contour of seabed, call up scan menu

and select “narrow horizontal beam width”.

* Ability to distinguish two closely located targets at the same range

and different bearings.

Selecting Vertical Beamwidth

When better detection range is required, call up scan menu and select

“narrow vertical beamwidth”.

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6. ADVANCED OPERATION

General

It this section, how to use the CSH-5 MARK-2 effectively in actual

fishing operations is presented.

Measuring Range and Bearing to a Target

To measure the range and bearing to a target, use the trackball.

Procedure

1. Operate the trackball to place the trackball mark “ ” on the tar-

get you want to measure the range and bearing. The range and

bearing are displayed at the left top on the screen.

Trackball Mark

Slant Range

Horizontal Range

Depth

bearing

Note: The bearing is shown in either 360° or 180° indication system

relative to the ship's heading. In the latter case, “B” is indi-

cated as follows.

P ------- on the port side

S ------- on the starboard side

The 360° or 180° indication system can be selected on the menu-2.

See page 33.

Detecting Fish Schools Aurally

Occasionally you will be preoccupied with other tasks and unable to

concentrate on watching the sonar picture. In such cases it would be

a good choice to use the audio function. This function enables you to

monitor echoes from fish schools and seabed through the built-in

speaker.

After you become accustomed to utilizing the audio function, you

should be able to detect a fish school from a range longer than you

can detect it on the screen.

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Procedure

1. Move the trackball mark “ ” to the direction you want to moni-

tor through the speaker, by operating the trackball.

2. Press the R/B key. The bearing marker will appear in the direction

of the trackball mark and echoes in that direction are monitored

through the speaker. Adjust the volume with the AUDIO control

on the front panel.

To cover a certain area, press the SECTOR SCAN key. The bear-

ing marker automatically scans in 2° steps starting from the bearing

set at step 2 to cover the selected sector, giving you audio in the di-

rections of 2° steps.

To change the coverage area call up scan menu, and then select an

auto scan width with the GAIN control; ±10°, ±20°, ±40°, ±60°.

To turn off the audio function, erase the bearing marker by placing

the trackball mark on own ship mark and then pressing the R/B key.

Trackball Mark

Bearing Marker

Auto Scan Width

Own Ship Mark

Relocating Fish School for Easy Observation

When a fish school is located near the edge of the screen and incon-

venient for observation, use the off-center function to relocate the

fish school to the desired place on the screen.

Fish School

Off-center

"ON"

Own ship Mark

Trackball Mark

Procedure

1. Move the trackball mark “ ” to the position where the own ship

mark is to be moved.

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2. Press the OFF-CENTER key on the front panel.

3. To move the own ship mark back to the center of the screen, press

the OFF-CENTER key again.

Finding Fish School Center

When you want to find the center depth of a fish school, use the auto

tilt function which automatically scans the tilt angle within the se-

lected width.

Procedure

1. Call up the scan menu, select the menu item “AUTO TLT WDTH”

and then choose a tilting width. The center tilt angle of the scan-

ning is set by the TILT lever.

Both center and current tilt angles are displayed along with the range

data at the upper right corner on the screen.

Range

Angle set by TILT lever

Present tilt angle

R 800

8°

(10° )

Angle set

by TILT lever

Registering F1/F2 (function) key and Recalling

Function keys provide user defined sonar settings by one key opera-

tion.

Default setting

These keys are preset at factory for one key operation as follows;

F1 : For detection of near range

F2 : For detection of far range

TX OUTPUT

PULSELENGTH

TX CYCLE

TX OUTPUT

PULSELENGTH

TX CYCLE

TVG NEAR

TVG FAR

TVG NEAR

TVG FAR

HOR BEAM ANGLE NARROW

VER BEAM ANGLE NARROW

VER BEAM ANGLE

RES COL CURVE

COL EMPHASIS

WIDE

RES COL CURVE

COL EMPHASIS

LINEAR

(Factory setting)

Three magnetic function cards are supplied for indication of function

settings. Two of these cards are inscribed with the factory setting of

F1 and F2. The other card is blank for recording user settings. You

can attach the card on the main panel for reference. See page 10.

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Registering Procedure

1. Press the MENU key.

2. Rotate the RANGE control to select FUNC KEY PROG.

3. Rotate the GAIN control to select FUNC1 or FUNC2.

4. Press the TX key. Each time the TX key is pressed, the current

settings in the scan menu and E/S menu are recorded.

When FACTORY is selected, the default value is displayed.

Recalling Procedure

1. Press F1 or F2. Presetting function is recalled and function indi-

cation (LED lamp) lights.

Canceling the recalling

1. Press F1 or F2 again. The LED lamp goes off.

Recommended Settings

We recommend the function key be set as follows,

For detection of surface fish school

For detection of bottom fish

TX OUTPUT

PULSELENGTH

TX CYCLE

TX OUTPUT

PULSELENGTH

TX CYCLE

TVG NEAR

TVG FAR

TVG NEAR

TVG FAR

HOR BEAM ANGLE NARROW

VER BEAM ANGLE NARROW

HOR BEAM ANGLE NARROW

VER BEAM ANGLE

RES COL CURVE

COL EMPHASIS

WIDE

RES COL CURVE

COL EMPHASIS

LINEAR

For detection of midwater fish

TX OUTPUT

PULSELENGTH

TX CYCLE

TVG NEAR

TVG FAR

HOR BEAM ANGLE NARROW

VER BEAM ANGLE

RES COL CURVE

COL EMPHASIS

WIDE

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7. MARK AND DATA

This chapter describes the marks and data which appear on the dis-

play screen.

TRACKBALL MARK DATA

Slant Range

Horizontal Range

Depth

RANGE

TILT

AUTO TILT

GAIN

True Bearing

BEARING MARK

RANGE MARK

TRACKBALL MARK

HEADING MARK

OWN SHIP MARK

RANGE RING

BEARING OF BEARING MARK

RANGE TO RANGE MARK

Marks

Own Ship Mark

Shows ship's position on the screen. The mark points in the

direction of ship's heading.

Trackball Mark

The trackball mark " + " selects location of marks and an own

ship's position. The trackball moves this mark anywhere over

the entire screen.

Heading Mark

The ship's heading mark is drawn with a dotted line. When

the range ring is turned off by changing the setting on scan

menu, the heading mark is also turned off.

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Range Ring

The range rings are plotted at intervals of 1/4 of the range in

use. Range ring data are also provided every two range rings.

The range ring interval can be altered from 1/4 to 1/2 of the

range in use by changing the appropriate setting on scan

menu.

Range/Bearing

Marks

The range and bearing marks are displayed when the R/B key

is pressed and the bearing mark scans in a few degree steps

when the SECTOR SCAN key is pressed, giving audio in

that direction. To stop the scanning of the bearing mark, press

the SECTOR SCAN key again. The two marks are erased

when the R/B key is pressed after placing the trackball mark

on own ship mark.

Data

Trackball Data

: Slant Range

: Horizontal Range

: Depth

: Bearing

The bearing is shown in either 360° or ± 180° indication system relative

to ship’s heading. In the latter case, "B" is indicated as follows.

P ------- on the port side

S ------- on the starboard side

Range Data

Shows the range scale set with the RANGE switch.

Tilt Data

The tilt angle set with the TILT level is displayed in 1° steps between 0°

and 55°. When the auto tilt function is in operation, instantaneously

(

)

changing present tilt angle is indicated below it; (

Gain Data

The gain set with the GAIN control is displayed in 0.5 steps between 0

and 10.

Range/Bearing Mark The slant range to the range marker and the bearing of the bearing mark

Data

is displayed.

Setting Change Data When the setting of the following switches is changed, the new setting is

noted in larger characters for about five seconds at the top of the screen.

The current tilt angle and sector range are also displayed upon switching

on the AUTO TILT switch.

Display

Switches

TILT

GAIN

Switches

AUTO TILT SPD

AUTO SCAN WDTH

Display

RANGE R

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8. INTERPRETING THE DISPLAY

General

This section provides information necessary for interpreting the display.

Interpreting the Display

Seabed

When the tilt angle is changed, the seabed echo illustrated below will

appear on the screen. When the tilt angle is decreased, the seabed

trace becomes wider and weaker. By observing the seabed condition

on the screen, the skipper can prevent the net from being damaged by

a reef or a shipwreck.

(a) Flat Seabed

Tilt Angle: 10° - 15°

Seabed

Echo

Narrow tilt angle;

only half of vertical

beam width captures

the seabed.

(b) Flat Seabed

Tilt Angle: 20° or more

Seabed

Echo

Seabed is displayed

narrower and in a

stronger echo colors

compared to (a).

Tilt Angle: 20° or more

A shallow bottom is

displayed in a strong

echo color and with

a short tail.

The deeper

seabed

echo in a

displayed in

a weak

color and

with a long

tail.

Seabed

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Fish School

A fish school appears as a mass of echoes on the screen. The color of

the mass shows the density of fish schools on the sonar beam. To

know the distribution and center point of a fish school, the tilt should

be changed to several different angles.

(a) Sea Surface Fish

Tilt Angle: +5° - 10°

Because of

the narrow

tilt angle,

Fish

school

seabed

echo is not

displayed.

Sea surface

reflections

are present.

Sea Surface

Reflections

(b) Midwater, Bottom Fish

Fish echo appears before seabed echo

Tilt Angle: 30° or more

Seabed

Fish school

Large midwater

fish school is

present.

Fish echo appears together with

or after seabed echo

Tilt Angle: 0° - 20°

Fish School

Seabed

Since the seabed is displayed in weak echo colors,

longer range detection and detection of close to

bottom fish school become possible.

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Sea Surface Reflections

To reduce the sea surface reflections, set the tilt angle to 5° or more

so that the upper edge of the sonar beam may not hit sea surface, or

adjust TVG functions. When the sonar is used with a narrow tilt angle,

the sea surface reflections cover large area (up to 300 m to 400 m) as

illustrated below.

Tilt Angle

Indication

SEA SURFACE

Tilt angle 0°

13°

Sea Surface

Reflection

SEA SURFACE

Tilt Angle 5° - 6°

Wake

Awake produced by own ship or another ship can be a strong reflect-

ing object when the sonar is used with a narrow tilt angle. As the

wake appears on the screen as a thick continuous line, it can be easily

distinguished from a fish school. On the other hand, the wake con-

tains a lot of air bubbles which attenuate ultrasonic energy, making it

often difficult to sound beyond the wake.

Other Ship

Own Ship’s

Wake

Own Ship

Own Ship’s

Screw Noise

Tilt Angle : 0 - 10°

Wake produced

by own ship when

ship is turned

Wake produced

by other ship

Own Ship’s

Screw Noise

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False Echo by Sidelobe

In the preceding chapters, it was explained that an ultrasonic wave is

emitted only in the direction set by the TILT lever, but, in practice,

there are some emissions outside the main beam that are called

“sidelobes”. Energy of the sidelobe is fairly weak but when the sonar

is used in comparatively shallow water with a hard and rocky bot-

tom, strong target signals are detected by the sidelobe. These are rep-

resented on the screen as a false echo as shown below. To weaken the

sidelobe echoes, set the VER BEAMANGLE to WIDE on the SCAN

MENU.

Mainlobe echo

Sidelobe echo

The seabed echo

detected by sidelobe

appears at a certain tilt

angle when the sidelobe

points vertically.

Noise and Interference

In case the fishing ground is crowded with many fishing boats, the

sonar is subject to interference from ultrasonic equipment such as an

echo sounder, sonar, etc. on board other boats as well as those on

board own ship.

For instance, interference from the sonar operated on board other

boats will appear as a ring as shown in (A). This interference can be

suppressed by properly changing TX cycle. Electrical equipment on

own ship can also cause interference to the sonar as shown in (B).

The noise from some marine life appears on the screen as in (C). This

noise can be suppressed by the IR control.

(A)

(B)

(C)

Noise and Interference

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9. WARNING

Overvoltage Warning

If the supply voltage rises about 20% to over the rated value, the

overvoltage detection circuit is actuated. The following warning flick-

ers at the center of the screen and an alarm sounds.

OVERVOLTAGE!

If this occurs, retract the transducer, turn the POWER off and check

the ship’s mains (and the stepdown transformer if provided).

Unretracted Transducer Warning

When the transducer can not be completely retracted within 35 sec-

onds after pressing the TRANSDUCER “ ” switch, the following

warning flickers at the center of the screen and an alarm is released.

XDCR NOT RETRACTED!

If this occurs, do the following.

1. The POWER switch can not be turned off because the transducer

can not be retracted. Turn off the main breaker for the transceiver

unit to stop operation.

2. Confirm that the net is not entwined around the transducer.

3. Confirm that the breaker inside the raise/lower control box mounted

on the hull unit is “ON”.

4. Check the mains fuse in the transceiver unit.

5. Apply the power again and confirm that the transducer is retracted

into the tank. If not, the main shaft of the hull unit may be bent.

Cut off the power again and manually raise the transducer up to

the highest position by using the hand crank attached to the hull

unit.

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Hand Crank

Power LED (Green)

Down Command

LED (Red)

Bottom

Power SW

Breaker

hull unit

OFF

Power switch

(Normally " " position)

Main Fuse

Fuse for

Transceiver

Transceiver Unit

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10. MENU

General

The CSH-5 MARK-2 employs three menu screens, menu-1 menu-2,

and system menu, to preset infrequently used functions.

Changing Menu Settings

Procedure to Change Menu Settings

1. Turn off the transmitter with the TX key; LED flickers.

2. Press the MENU key. The menu-1 appears.

3. To select another menu, operate the GAIN control.

4. Select a menu item with the RANGE switch and change the set-

ting with the GAIN control.

Note: Setting for the items shown in red are locked. To unlock the

settings, change the “menu select” setting on the system menu.

Menu-1

The figure below shows menu-1.

The contents of the menu-1 are same as the scan menu described on

page 8.

** SCAN MENU **

( RANGE SW : U/D GAIN SW : L/R)

[MENU MODE]

: MENU-1

MENU-2

SYSTEM

HUE

: 1

: 8

: 7

: 10

: 6

: 7

TX OUTPUT

PULSELENGTH

TX CYCLE

TVG NEAR

TVG FAR

AUTO SCN WDTH : ±10°

AUTO TLT WDTH : ±2~10°

HOR BEAM ANGL : WIDE

VER BEAM ANGL : WIDE

RES COL CURVE : LINEAR

±20°

±40°

±6~20°

±60°

±10~26°

±4~14°

NARROW

COL EMPHASIS

: 1 (LOW)

4 (HIGH)

FUNC KEY PROG : FUNC1

FUNC2

FACTORY

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Menu-2

The figure below shows menu-2.

** MENU 2 **

MENU MODE

: MENU-1

MENU-2

SYSTEM

OFF

EXT KP

OFF

RANGE MARKER

MARK INDI

1/4R

±180°

1/2R

360°

MEANING

MENU MODE

Selects a menu: menu-l. menu-2. system menu.

EXTernal Keying

Pulse

If two or more echosounders/sonars are operated simultaneously,

mutual interference may result due to asynchronous keying pulse

output. This menu is used to synchronize keying pulses/turn off

synchronization.

RANGE MARKER This menu selects the number of range rings to be displayed/turns the

range rings off.

MARK INDI

Selects +180° or 360° bearing indication.

System Menu

The figure below shows the system menu.

** SYSTEM MENU **

( RANGE SW : U/D GAIN SW : L/R)

[MENU MODE]

: MENU-1

MENU-2

SYSTEM

HEADING ADJ

AUTO SCN SPD

AUTO TLT SPD

UNIT

: 0°

: LOW

HIGH

FEET

UNLOCK

: LOW

: METERS

: LOCK

: OFF

FATHOMS PA/BRA

MENU SELECT

SUB TEXT INDI

LANGUAGE

SELF TEST

: ENGLISH

: SINGLE

CONTI

(JAPANESE) ESPANOL

DANSK

GRAY

PANEL

SIO

COLOR

ECHO-1

ECHO-2

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MENU ITEM

MENU MODE

HEADING ADJ

MEANING

Selects a menu; menu-1, menu-2, system menu.

This menu is used to compensate for hull unit misalignment, which

results in heading error. Set the actual heading by operating the GAIN

control so that the own ship's wake is displayed in 180° direction on

the screen.

AUTO SCAN SPD Selects the scan speed of bearing marker; high or low. High speed scan

is useful for general fish searching and tracking fast moving fish

schools.

AUTO TILT SPD

UNIT

Sets the speed of change of the tilt angle for the automatic tilt function.

Selects the unit of depth measurement; meter, feet, fathom or

passi/braza.

MENU SELECT

This menu enables/disables alteration of menu settings. "Locked"

settings are displayed in red.

SUB TEXT

INDIcation

This menu turns the sub text indication, which is used by the service

technician, on and off. Normally, turn the indication off.

LANGUAGE

SELF TEST

Selects the language to be used: Japanese, English, Spanish or Danish.

This menu is comprised of eight unit diagnostic tests. For further

details, see the chapter on maintenance.

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11. INTERFACE MODULE CSH-5060

Specifications

The CSH-5060 Interface Module permits connection of external equip-

ment (navigational equipment, current indicator, echo sounder, net

sonde, gyrocompass, log, etc.) to display various data on the CSH-5

MARK-2.

1. Display Mode

(a) Normal

(b) Normal + Text

(d) Sonar Combination (Normal + Signal on R/B Mark)

9/10

1/10

3/5

2/5

3/5

2/5

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

2. Display Mark

Course line mark, Current mark, Event mark, Electronic bearing scale,

Heading mark, and Net sonde data are graphically displayed on the

Echo Sounder Combination mode.

3. Numeric Information

Event Mark Data (Horizontal range, Depth, Latest event marked

depth and Bearing)

Navigational Data (Ship’s speed, Heading, Water depth, Tempera-

ture)

Position Data

(Latitude, Longitude)

Tidal Current Data (Speed, Direction)

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Operation

The functions of the Interface Module are accessed from the MENU

screen except the Event mark and North mark*.

* —Gyrocompass required.

1. Event Mark and Own Ship Mark

Plotting

(1) Move the cursor to the location where you want to plot the

event mark.

(2) Press the EVENT key. The cursor is replaced with the latest

event mark [ ] and the event mark data (horizontal distance,

depth and bearing) appears on the lower left side of the screen.

Note:1. You can plot 10 event marks. (latest mark - , other 9

marks --- +)

2. You cannot plot the event mark at the own ship mark. In

this case, the own ship mark is plotted (max.10).

AUTO

TILT

EVENT

SECTOR

SCAN

EVENT

DELETE

R/B

Erasing

TILT

GAIN

OFF-

CENTER

Locate the cursor on the event mark and press the EVENT

DELETE key.

TRACKBALL

2. Target Lock Mark

Use this mark when you want to track fish echoes automatically.

Plotting

(1) Select "TARGET" on the range/bearing item on the SCAN

Menu to activate the mark.

Target

Lock

Mark

(2) Move the cursor onto the fish echo you want to track.

(3) Press the R/B key. The bearing mark and the target lock mark

appear and start to track the fish echo.

Erasing

AUTO

TILT

EVENT

To exit from the tracking mode, press the R/B key again.

SECTOR

SCAN

EVENT

DELETE

NOTE: When using the target (lock) mode the auto tilt and sector

R/B

scan controls do not function.

OFF-

CENTER

LED lamp

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TARGET LOCK FUNCTION

The target lock function allows

continuous tracking at a present

depth "D". That is, the tilt angle

changes automatically from "θ1" to

"θ2" as the ship approaches the

fish.

θ1

θ2

3. Erasing Weak Noise

Unknown weak noise appearing over the entire screen can be erased

with DELETE COLOR, on the SCAN menu. Echoes are erased in

order from weakest to strongest, so you may use this function to show

only strong echoes.

1. Press the [MENU] key to turn on the menu.

2. Select DELETE COLOR with the RANGE control.

3. Use the GAIN switch to select desired setting. The setting range

is 0-10. "0" turns off this function, 10 erases the strongest color

echoes. Note that the echoes on the echo sounder and range and

bearing mark display will also be erased.

4. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

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4. Suppressing Effects of Pitching and Rolling

The Motion Sensor MS-100 (option) compensates for the effects of

pitching and rolling to provide stable sonar pictures. You may enable

it as follows:

1. Press the [MENU] key to display the SCAN menu.

2. Use the RANGE control to select RANGE/BEARING.

3. Use the GAIN control to select STAB.

4. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

5. Operate the trackball to place the trackball mark on the bearing

you want to compensate by the MS-100.

6. Press the [R/B] key.A dashed line appears at the bearing selected

at step 5. The rolling and pitching of the ship in the direction of

the bearing mark is compensated, by automatically adjusting the

tilt angle.

Picture in direction

selected with bearing

mark is compesnated.

Note: The entire picture is not compensated in the full-circle scan-

ning; the tilt angle for each bearing cannot be changed. Only

one bearing is compensated and bearing error will result for

any bearing not stabilized.

Tilting in bow direction

Bearing mark at 0°

Echo captured

(bow direction);

by beam

beam stabilized

Echo not captured

by beam

Tilt can be controlled manually from 0° to 55°, however rolling and

pitching are compensated from -5° to 55° with the tilt angle at ±20°.

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5. Detecting Fish Echoes in Specific Area (Fish

Alarm)

The fish alarm alerts you to fish echoes in an area you select. Any

fish echoes entering the area will trigger the audio alarm. The fish

echo level which triggers the alarm may be selected from the scan

menu.

1. Press the [MENU] key to open the SCAN menu.

2. On the scan menu, use the RANGE control to select RANGE/

BEARING.

3. Use the GAIN control to select FISH/ALM.

4. Use the RANGE control to select FISH ALARM.

5. Use the GAIN control to select ON.

6. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

7. Use the trackball to place the trackball mark on the starting bear-

ing and press the [R/B] key.

8. Use the trackball to place the trackball mark on the ending bear-

ing and press the [R/B] key.

Alarm area

Starting point

Ending point

To disable the fish alarm, press the [R/B] key.

Note: The starting point may be selected at the outside or inside of

the alarm zone. You may also set a 360-degree alarm by set-

ting the starting and ending points within three degrees of each

other as in (c) and (d) in the figure below.

More than 3°

Within 3°

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

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6. Fish Alarm On/Off, Fish Alarm Sensitivity

The audio alarm for the fish alarm can be enabled/disabled and the

fish alarm sensitivity can be selected from the scan menu.

1. Press the [MENU] key to open the SCAN menu.

2. Use the RANGE control to select FISH ALARM.

3. Use the GAIN control to select the echo strength which will trig-

ger the fish alarm. The setting range is 0 to 14. Choose "0" for no

audio alarm. For example, selecting "4" will trigger the audio

alarm when an echo whose strength is between 0 and 4 comes

into the fish alarm zone.

4. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

7. Menu Screen

Recalling

AUTO

TILT

Press the MENU key. The SCAN MENU or E/S MENU appears

SECTOR

TRANSDUCER

on the lower part of the screen. Note that the SCAN or E/S MENU

SCAN

can be recalled only when the transmitter is ON.

*--When the Echo sounder combination mode is selected.

Changing Setting

To change a setting, select item with the RANGE control and

setting with the GAIN control. The selected item is highlighted in

green and the selected setting is circumscribed in white. To scroll

the menu, turn the RANGE control counterclockwise.

RANGE

GAIN

Note: The gain and range of the sonar picture can not be changed

while the scan menu is displayed.

Exit from Menu Screen

To exit from the menu screen and return to the sonar screen, press

the MENU key.

Note: Items shown in RED indicate they are locked to prevent alter-

ation. To unlock a setting, call up the SYSTEM MENU.

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8. Menu Description

The CSH-5 MARK-2 employs three menu screens, MENU-1, MENU-

2 and SYSTEM Menu, to preset infrequently used functions. During

normal operation (transducer lowered, transmitter ON), the SCAN

Menu appears on the screen. This lets you adjust settings while ob-

serving the sonar picture.

Application

How to use

After installation, select each item according to

your system configuration.

MENU-1

For system setting

MENU-2

Select items after raising the transducer or

turning off the transmitter.

SYSTEM MENU

Recall the menu screen by MENU key and

adjust the item for the best quality sonar

picture.

SCAN MENU

E/S MENU

For user setting

9. Menu Screen Indications

MENU-1

( RANGE SW : U/D GAIN SW : L/R )

** MENU-1 **

[MENU MODE]

: MENU-1

MENU-2

SYSTEM

DISPLAY MODE

HUE

: COMBI 1

: 1

NORM

TEXT

COMBI 2

TX OUTPUT

PULSELENGTH

TX CYCLE

TVG NEAR

TVG FAR

: 8

: 7

: 10

: 6

: 7

AUTO SCN WDTH : ±10°

AUTO TLT WDTH : ±2~10°

HOR BEAM ANGL : WIDE

VER BEAM ANGL : WIDE

RES COL CURVE : LINEAR

±20°

±40°

±6~20°

±60°

±10~26°

±4~14°

NARROW

COL EMPHASIS

: 1 (LOW)

4 (HIGH)

FUNC KEY PROG : FUNC1

FUNC2

FACTORY

E/S RANGE

E/S SHIFT

: 240

E/S IR

: ON

OFF

E/S GAIN

: 3.0

E/S CLUTTER

E/S ADVANCE

E/S COL CURVE

E/S DRAFT

: 2.0

: 1/1

1/2

1/4

1/8

: LINEAR

: 0.0 (m)

: indicates the items which may be locked.

: indecates the menu items available with the addition of

the CSH-5060 and external equipment.

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MENU-2

** MENU-2 **

[MENU MODE]

( RANGE SW : U/D GAIN SW : L/R )

: MENU-1

: OFF

MENU-2

SYSTEM

EXT KP SYNC

RANGE MARKER : 1/4R

BEARING SCALE : ON

CURRENT MARK : ON

1/2R

OFF

COURSE MARK

HEADING INDI

CURRENT INDI

EVENT INDI

: 10R

OFF

: 32-AZI

: ±180°

: L/L

TRUE

360°

±180°

360°

MARK INDI

POSITION DATA

SYSTEM MENU

** SYSTEM MENU **

( RANGE SW : U/D GAIN SW : L/R )

[MENU MODE]

: MENU-1

MENU-2

SYSTEM

HEADING ADJ

AUTO SCN SPD

AUTO TLT SPD

UNIT

: 0°

: LOW

: METERS

: LOG/GY

: 200

HIGH

FEET

FATHOMS PA/BRA

NAV

SHIP’S SPD/BR

LOG PULSE

CI BAUD RATE

NAV FORMAT

400

: 4800

: CIF

2400

1200

NMEA183 NMEA182

NAV BAUD RATE : 4800

2400

1200

DEC

NAV DATA

: GPS

ALL

COMBI SCALE

MENU SELECT

SUB TEXT INDI

LANGUAGE

: RIGHT

: LOCK

: OFF

LEFT

UNLOCK

: ENGLISH

: SINGLE

CONTI

(JAPANESE) ESPANOL DANSK

SELF TEST

PANEL

SIO

COLOR

ECHO-1

GRAY

ECHO-2

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SCAN MENU

** SCAN MENU **

MENU MODE

( RANGE SW : U/D GAIN SW : L/R )

E/S

: SCAN

DISPLAY MODE

HUE

: COMBI-1

: 1

NORM

TEXT

COMBI-2

TX OUTPUT

PULSELENGTH

TX CYCLE

: 8

: 7

: 10

: 6

TVG NEAR

TVG FAR

: 7

DELETE COLOR

: 0

AUTO SCN WDTH : ±10°

AUTO TLT WDTH : ±2~10°

±20°

±4~14°

SHIP

±40°

±60°

±10~26°

±6~20°

EVENT

STAB.

MARK ERASE

: COURSE

RANGE/BEARING : NORMAL

TARGET

OFFF

FISH/ALM

FISH ALARM

: ON

: 9

ALARM LEVEL

HOR BEAM ANGL : WIDE

VER BEAM ANGL : WIDE

RES COL CURVE : LINEAR

NARROW

COL EMPHASIS

: 1 (LOW)

4 (HIGH)

FUNC KEY PROG : FUNC1

FUNC2

FACTORY

E/S MENU

** E/S MENU **

( RANGE SW : U/D GAIN SW : L/R )

MENU MODE

: SCAN

E/S

HUE

: 1

E/S RANGE

E/S SHIFT

E/S IR

: 320

: ON

OFF

E/S GAIN

: 3.0

E/S CLUTTER

E/S ADVANCE

E/S COL CURVE

E/S DRAFT

: 1.0

: 1/1

1/2

1/4

1/8

: LINEAR

: 0.0(m)

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10. Contents of Menu Items

This section describes the menu items available with the addition of

the CSH-5060 and external equipment.

MENU-1 (SCAN, E/S Menu)

Scan menu

Contents

Item

Selects a menu; MENU-1, MENU-2 or SYSTEM Menu.

Selects a picture display mode among the four below.

MENU MODE

DISPLAY

MODE

3/5

2/5

3/5

2/5

9/10

1/10

NORM

TEXT

COMBI 1

COMBI 2

NORM: Normal Mode; displays a sonar picture on entire screen.

TEXT:

Normal + Text; The text area appears on the lower area. This area

is for displaying own ship’s position, ship’s speed, course, depth

and tidal current.

COMBI 1: Sonar Combination (Normal + Signal on Bearing Mark); The

echoes on the bearing mark direction appears on the lower 2/5ths

of the screen.

COMBI 2: Echo Sounder Combination (Normal + Echo Sounder); When an

external echo sounder is connected, the picture from the echo

sounder appears on the lower 2/5ths of the screen.

Deletes echo colors whose strength is lower than the strength selected here.

Useful for eliminating noise.

DELETE

COLOR

MARK ERASE Selects the item to erase with the [TX] key; COURSE (track), SHIP (own

(for scan menu

only)

ship mark), EVENT (event mark). Each pressing of the key deletes eldest

track, ship or event mark.

This menu chooses the function of the [R/B] key.

RANGE/

BEARING

(for scan menu

only)

NORM - The echoes in the direction designated by the bearing

mark are stabilized against the ship’s pitching and rolling.

TARGET - Echo designated by the target lock mark is automatically tracked.

STAB,

- Compensates for the effects of pitching and rolling. Requires

Motion Sensor MS-100

FISH/ALM Enables the user to set the fish alarm zone.

FISH ALARM

Disables/enables the audio alarm for the fish alarm.

ALARM LEVEL Chooses echo level which will trigger the fish alarm.

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E/S Menu

Item

Contents

E/S SHIFT

Shifts the start depth of the display range and the maximum value is about

1000 m irrespective of the depth unit. The unit shift value is determined by

the range in use. See table below.

P/B

100

200

300

E/S IR

Turns the Interference Rejector on and off.

Controls the gain of the Echo Sounder picture.

E/S GAIN

E/S CLUTTER Eliminates the noise appearing on the screen.

E/S ADVANCE Adjusts the picture advancement speed. 1/1 is fastest, 1/8 is slowest.

E/S COL CURVE This menu sets the balance between weak and strong echoes. In the LINEAR

(Response Color position, output (echo strength displayed) varies proportionally with input

Curve)

(actual echo strength). Select a higher setting to emphasize weak echoes.

Weak echoes are displayed in stronger echo colors as the number goes higher.

The standard setting is the LINEAR position.

E/S DRAFT

E/S RANGE

Adjusts the draft of the own ship according to loading conditions.

Irrespective of the depth unit selection, the draft adjustment is available from

0 to 10 m in 0.5 m steps.

Selects the display range of the Echo Sounder from the table below.

P/B

120

240

360

480

720

960

120

160

240

320

120

160

120

160

Depth unit may be selected on the SYSTEM Menu.

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MENU-2 (Refer to pages 47 to 51 for location on the screen.)

Item Contents

BEARING SCALE This menu turns the electronic bearing scale on and off.

CURRENT MARK This menu turns the current mark on and off.

COURSE MARK

This menu selects the length of the course line plot from 10R or 5R (R:

range in use). If course line display is not necessary, select "OFF" to

erase it.

HEADING INDI

CURRENT INDI

Selects 32-azimuth or true bearing indication.

Selects the current data indication method; 32-azimuth, true bearing or

relative bearing ( ± 180˚ or 360˚ indication method)

EVENT IND

MARK INDI

Selects the bearing data indication method of the even mark; 32-

azimuth, true bearing or relative bearing (±180˚ or 360˚ indication

method)

Selects the bearing data indication method of the trackball and bearing

marks.

POSITION DATA Selects the own ship's position display method, L/L or TD.

SYSTEM MENU

Item

SHIP' SPD/BR

LOG PULSE

Contents

This menu selects the source which feeds course line data.

Refer to the specifications of the speed log connected. The selections

available are 200 or 400 pulses/mile.

CI BAUD RATE

NAV FORMAT

Refer to the specifications of the equipment connected to the [CI]

connector (current indicator). The standard setting is 4800 bps.

Selects the format for data communication.

NAV BAUD RATE Refer to the specifications of the navigation equipment connected to the

[NAV] connector (loran, GPS, etc.). The standard setting is 4800 bps.

NAV DATA

This menu selects the navigation equipment which feeds position data

to the CSH-8. If "ALL" is selected, the position data with the highest

priority is chosen from plural data available; GPS has the highest

priority and the LA, the lowest.

COMBI SCALE

This menu selects the location of the scale in the combination display

mode.

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Indications

1. Normal Mode (NORM)

Electronic Bearing Scale

Heading Indication

Current Mark

Mark Indication (Bearing)

Course Mark

Own Ship’s Mark

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2. Normal + Text Mode

Current Indication

Position Data

Past Event Mark

Navigational Data

Latest Event Mark Data

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3. Echo Sounder Combination Mode (COMBI 1)

Normal + Echo Sounder

Sonar

Picture

Echo

Sounder

Picture

16 Color Bar

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4. Sonar Combination (COMBI 2)

Normal + Signal on R/B Mark

Sonar

Picture

Signal on

R/B Mark

16 Color Bar

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Marks and Data

This section explains the Marks and Data available from the equip-

ment interfaced. Pages 24 to 25 show the location of these Marks and

Data.

Description

New Marks and Data

The position data of the latest event mark, i.e., horizontal range (→),

) shows the latest event mark

original depth which remains unchanged even if ship moves or tilt angle

is changed. When the event mark is erased on the MENU screen, the

above data disappear from the screen.

Latest Event Mark

Data

present depth (↓) and bearing. (

(

)

You can plot up to 10 own ship’s marks on the course line. The mark can

be erased on the MENU screen.

Own Ship’s Mark

The electronic bearing scale is available with gyrocompass connection. It

rotates with own ship’s movement.

Elecrtonic Bearing

Scale

The own ship’s course line is plotted by a solid line when gyrocompass /

speed log or a navigation device (GPS or Loran C) is connected.

The course line length is selectable from 5 or 10 times the range in use.

You can erase the line by the MENU screen.

Course Line Mark

When a current indicator is connected, the current mark shows the speed

and direction of three current layers, numbered 1 through 3. The current

speed is indicated by the length of the vector. However, no vectors are

developed if the current speed is 0.1 knots or less. The vector shows

current direction. The current mark can be erased on the MENU screen.

Current Mark

In the Normal Mode (with Text), current speed and direction for three

current layers appear in the text area. The display method for the current

direction can be selected on the MENU screen.

Tridal Current Data

C1: .

C2: .

C3: .

Own ship’s speed(S), heading(C), water depth(D) and water

temperature(T) can be displayed on the text area when appropriate

equipment are interfaced.

Navigational Data

Own ship’s position is shown in the Normal (with Text) mode (Position

fixing equipment is required.)

Own Ship’s Position

Data

The north mark is available with gyrocompass connection.

North Mark

In the target lock mode (automatic echo tracking), the target lock mark

appears when the [R/B] key is depressed. To erase the mark, press the

[R/B] key again.

Target Lock Mark

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Event Mark Position Output

Connected to a navigator, the CSH-5 MARK-2 can output event mark

position data to external equipment when the [EVENT] key is oper-

ated. The data sentence output is "SSTLL" (NMEA, IEC-1162 for-

mat).

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12. MAINTENANCE

General

The CSH-5 MARK-2 is designed and constructed to provide many

years of trouble-free performance when properly maintained. User-

performable maintenance and important points to be observed are

outlined in the figure below.

WARNING

Do not open the cover of

Handle with care!

the equipment.

This equipment uses high

voltage electricity which can

shock, burn, or cause death.

Only qualified personnel

should work inside the

equipment.

Corrosion may occur!

Keep screen and filter clean!

Put on cover after operation.

Keep heater away! Allow

room for ventilation.

Do not use thinner or benzine for

cleaning. Use a water-moistened soft

cloth.

Display Unit

Keep magnets and cassette tapes away!

Apply MOLYTONE grease #2 every

six months.

Raise transducer and apply

DAPHAECOROAEX #2

Color may become distorted!

over the main shaft every six months.

CAUTION

The zinc block attached near the

transducer must be replaced at

periodic maintenance.

Reapply one coat of antifaulant

"MARINE STAR 20 Mod (Red-N)"

(no other paints are allowed) on the

washed polyuretane transducer face

upon dry-docking at least once a

year, to prevent seashells and

seaweeds from growing

The junction between the

transducer and main shaft may

corrode, which can result in loss of

the transducer or water leakage

inside the ship.

Hull Unit

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13. UNIT DIAGNOSTIC TESTS

This unit has eight built-in diagnostic tests which check it for proper

performance. Although the tests are designed primarily for use by the

service technician, they can also be executed by the user to identify

defective components. However, never attempt to check inside the

unit; there are no user-serviceable parts inside. Any repair work is

best left to a qualified technician.

Turning-on/off Diagnostic Test

1. Press the MENU key, and then select the system menu by operat-

ing the GAIN control.

2. Select the “SELF-TEST’ function by operating theRANGE switch.

Select an appropriate self-test by operating the GAIN control.

SUB

LANGUAGE

SELF TEST

ENGLISH

SINGLE

CONTI

JAPANESE ESPANOL

DAN SK

GRAY

PANEL

SIO

COLOR

ECHO-1

ECHO-2

3. Press the TX switch to execute the self-test.

4. To exit from the self-test screen, press the MENU key for a few

seconds. When the “SINGLE” is selected, the unit automatically

restores the system menu after the test is completed.

Description of Unit-diagnostic Tests

Single Test

This test checks the Main Board and Transceiver Unit for proper op-

eration one time, after which normal operation is restored. After the

test is completed, the results are indicated as OK (normal operation)

or NG (malfunction), to the right of the device checked.

SINGLE TEST

∗∗∗∗: 0635 e 107kHz

0644 e 85kHz

MAIN 105-0541-XXX 105-0542-XXX

Display Unit Program No. is displayed

ROM = OK

and ROM, RAM and P.W (Password)

RAM = OK

are checked for proper operation.

P.W

= OK

TRX (Transceiver) Unit Program No.

is displayed, and ROM and RAM are

checked for proper operation.

TRX 105-∗∗∗∗-XXX 105-∗∗∗∗-XXX

ROM = OK

RAM = OK

ROM and RAM of the interface

module CSH-5060 (option) are

checked for proper operation. If the

interface module is not provided,

program number and check result are

not displayed.

I/F

105-0267-XXX

ROM = OK

RAM = OK

XXX : Version number

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Conti Test

This is a continuous test of the Display and Transceiver Units. Addi-

tionally checked devices are DROM and DRAM.

CONTI TEST

MAIN 105-0541-XXX 105-0542-XXX

ROM

= OK

RAM

P.W

DROM

DRAM

DPRAM = OK

∗∗∗∗: 0635 e 107kHz

0644 e 85kHz

TRX 105-∗∗∗∗-XXX 105-∗∗∗∗-XXX

ROM

RAM

= OK

DROM

Not displayed if interface module

CSH-5060 is not provided.

I/F

105-0267-XXX

ROM

= OK

RAM

= OK

DPRAM = OK

GYRO

LOG

= OK

PRESS [MENU] 2 or 3 SECONDS TO STOP SELFCHECK

Panel Test

This test checks the controls on the front panel and the control box

for proper operation.

PANEL TEST

Main Panel

Press each control one by one.

0 0

• •

The figure should change if the

control is functioning properly.

0 0 0 0 0 0

Control Box

0 0 X = 0 0

3 0 0 Y = 0

0 0

Repeat the above procedure.

PRESS [MENU] 2 or 3 SECONDS TO STOP SELFCHECK

SIO Test

This test checks the input/output parts of the Transceiver Unit. The

results of the test are indicated as OK or NG.

SIO TEST

SIO1: Checks communication line

between display and

transceiver unit.

MAIN SIO1 = OK

SIO2 = OK

SIO2, SIO-NAV and SIO-CI check

communication line between interface

module (option) and display unit.

Short-plug is required to conduct this

test.

I/F

SIO-NAV = NG

SIO-CI = NG

PRESS [MENU] 2 or 3 SECONDS TO STOP SELFCHECK

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Color Test

The color test checks for proper display of all colors.

COLOR TEST

16 Color display

WHT

RED

GRN

PRESS [MENU] 2 or 3 SECONDS TO STOP SELFCHECK

Echo-1 Test

The echo-1 test checks echo processing circuits in the display unit for

proper operation.

DISPLAY ECHO TEST

R400

240

236

281°

→

↓

T10°

G3.0

R29

B358°

PRESS [MENU] 2 or 3 SECONDS TO STOP SELFCHECK

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Gray Test

The gray test checks for proper display of monochrome characters

and markers. Concentric rings and a monochrome test bar are dis-

played.

GRAY TEST

............

PRESS [MENU] 2 or 3 SECONDS TO STOP SELFCHECK

Echo-2 Test

The echo-2 test checks echo processing circuits in the transceiver

and display units.

PRESS [MENU] 2 or 3 SECONDS TO STOP SELFCHECK

Set the VP control on the main

panel to "OFF" position.

Radial pattern as above is

displayed.

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14. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE

ULTRASONIC WAVE IN WATER

The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the charac-

teristics of the ultrasonic wave in water.

Sound Velocity

It is generally known that an ultrasonic wave travels 1500 meters per

second in sea water, but in practice, some amount of variation arises

depending on the season and area from differences in the following

three factors:

Water temperature .............................. θ [ C]

Salinity density ................................... S [%]

Water pressure (water depth).............. h [m]

Therefore, for propagation in surface water the velocity changes not

only by area but also by direction of the wave propagation. The equa-

tion obtained thru numerous measurements is;

C= 1410 + 4.21θ - 0.037θ + 1.145S + 0.0168h [m/s]

Velocity (m/sec)

Correction value with respect to

Depth and Temperature (m/s.)

°C

1445.4

1450.0

1454.4

1458.8

1463.1

1467.2

1471.3

1475.3

1479.2

1483.0

1486.7

1490.3

1493.8

1497.3

1500.6

1503.8

1507.0

1510.0

1513.0

1515.9

1518.7

Depth

(m)

100 200 300 400 500 600 700

°C

1.8 3.6 5.4 7.3 9.1 10.9 14.5

1.8 3.6 5.4 7.2 9.0 10.8 14.5

1.8 3.6 5.4 7.2 9.0 10.8 14.4

1.8 3.6 5.4 7.3 9.1 10.9 14.5

Fig.1 Sound Velocity

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Research in the waters throughout the world has revealed that there is

a difference of approximately 100 m/s between the areas where the

velocity is maximum and minimum

Generally, the velocity increases as follows, provided that salinity

density is constant:

• 3 m/s for every 1 degree rise of water temperature

• 1.7 m/s for every 100 m increase of water depth

Absorption and Attenuation

An ultrasonic wave emitted into water becomes weaker in intensity

as it goes away from the emitting source. Principle causes of attenu-

ation are:

1. Acoustic energy of the ultrasonic wave decreases gradually through

reflection, refraction and diffusion in water.

2. Acoustic energy is absorbed by the viscosity of the medium (wa-

ter) and converted into other forms of energy.

The higher the frequency, the greater the absorption and attenuation

of the ultrasonic wave as shown below. In other words, the absorp-

tion coefficient is a function of the frequency. Generally, total energy

loss encountered on the way to and from a target is expressed

TL [dB] = 40 logR + 2αR

where R ----- Range to a target

α ----- Absorption coefficient

10000

1000

100

160

150

140

130

f=200kHz

120

0.1

α=64.5db/km

f=200kHz

110

5°c

α=33db/km

100

0.01

0.001

570m

2400m

Range (m)

0.0001

10²

10³

10⁴10⁵

10⁶10⁷

Frequency (Hz)

100

1000

10000

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Refraction

An ultrasonic wave transmitted in water does not travel straight but is

more or less refracted. This refraction is caused by the variation of

propagation velocity in water. If the velocity decreases (temperature

decreases) with depth, the top part of the wave front moves faster

than its bottom part, and gradually the front bends downwards. In the

same way, it bends upwards if the sound velocity increases (tempera-

ture rises) with depth.

In other words, the ultrasonic wave refracts toward colder water.

18°

16°

20°

12°

18°

100

(m)

0.5

(m)

1.5

0.5

1.5

Distance (Km)

Here, a fishing ground off Hokkaido island in Japan is taken as an

example.

Seaface

Big Fish

School

small fish

Within 100m

school

Propagation path

Large difference in

density

Fishing Ground off Hokkaido (Summer)

In summer, there is a large difference in salinity density below and

above the 100 m deep point. An ultrasonic wave emitted almost in

the horizontal direction propagates within 100 m deep water in the

same way as a radio wave in a waveguide. As a result, even a small

fish school is sometimes detected at an unexpected long range or on

the contrary, detection of a large fish school does not extend to a

relatively long range. These phenomena are encountered when two

fish schools lie in positions “A” and “B” of the illustration.

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The drawing below shows how temperature variation affects sound

propagation with respect to different emitting directions (tilt angles).

Beams tilted five and ten degrees bend upward at 400 m and 600 m

points respectively. Beams tilted down more than 15 degrees travel

in almost straight lines. Between the two beams, a blind zone is cre-

ated beyond the 600 m point. In this zone nothing can be detected.

The shown drawing is only an example calculated by a computer,

based on the temperature with depth as shown in the left column of

the figure. In actual fishing grounds, the temperature distribution and

subsequently the behavior of the sound beam is much more compli-

cated. It is, therefore, for effective use of sonar, necessary to know at

least roughly how the temperature is distributed in various waters.

2000

1800

1200 1400 1600

0 (DEG)

200

400

600

800 1000

0 10 20 0

-5

-10

-15

Blind zone

100

150

-20

-25

-30

-35

Adverse Effect of Air Bubbles

Even infinitesimal air bubbles in sea water (liquid medium) affect

propagation of ultrasonic sound. This is because the cubic elasticity

of gas is extremely small when compared with that of liquid; the air

bubbles violently vibrate (contract and expand) by the action of sound

pressure, diffusing the ultrasonic wave and dispersing part of the

acoustic energy. In a liquid which contains a large amount of air

bubbles, attenuation of an ultrasonic wave increases and the wave is

reflected at the boundary of waters which contain and do not contain

air bubbles.

From the above it can be said that reflection occurs in the boundary

where the density (P) of the material (medium) that is, the velocity of

the ultrasonic wave changes. The velocity of an ultrasonic wave with

respect to its medium is 200 thru 400 m/s in gas, except for hydrogen

and helium; 900 thru 2000 m/s in liquid (several times higher than in

air) and 2000 thru 6400 m/s in ordinary metal.

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The product of the density (P) and the velocity (C) is called intrinsic

acoustic impedance and in the boundary between two media which

has extremely different C from each other, most of the acoustic power

is reflected and only a small portion penetrates. (In the boundary be-

tween water and air, the acoustic energy penetrates with a loss of

approximately 30 dB, that is approximately 0.1 % of the energy pen-

etrates from one medium to the other.)

Reflection from water which contains air bubbles is caused by the

fact that the cubic elasticity decreases in aerated water, causing the

intrinsic acoustic impedance to change.

In the actual sonar operation, adverse effect of air bubbles is shown

by interrupted display of target echoes which occurs while crossing

over the wake of another boat or when the sonar transducer passes

above the air bubbles generated by own ship.

Air bubbles in water have a resonant frequency of l5 kHz thru 100

kHz and hence the ultrasonic wave in this frequency range is most

strongly affected.

Reflection at Seabed and Fish School

The nature of the seabed is roughly classified into the following four

kinds: crag, sand, mud and seaweeds. In addition, shells and carcass

of animals (especially coral) imbedded in the seabed cause reflection

loss.

Incident sound pressure

Reflection Loss Lb = 20 log

(db)

Reflection sound pressure

The actual reflection loss in the sea is shown below. The reflection

loss remains almost constant up to 50 kHz and then gradually in-

creases.

Mud

Sand

Rock

Frequency (kHz)

The relation of frequency vs reflection loss for mackerel is shown

below. The calculated value and actually measured value nearly co-

incide. And also, on the contrary to the seabed reflection, the reflec-

tion loss decreases as the frequency increases. The “K” in the figure

is the coefficient of fish shape, where its larger value introduces smaller

reflection loss.

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Frequency (kHz)

Reflection Loss

(Mackerel No.1)

Reflection Loss

(Mackerel No.2)

Incident Direction of Ultrasonic Wave

Back

Side

Head

Species

Sardine

Bonito

0.13

0.5

Horse Mackerel

Sea Bream

Turbot

0.8-1.2

0.9

1.4-2.2

0.4-0.6

0.45

Average

0.4

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SPECIFICATIONS

1. Display

PPI display on 14" non-glare, high resolution color CRT

2. Display Color

16 colors according to echo strength

3. Numeric information

Scanning Data

Trackball Mark Data

(Range, Tilt angle, Gain)

(Slant range, Horizontal range,

Depth, Bearing)

Range/Bearing Mark Data (Range, Bearing)

4. Range/Pulselength

Range

Maximum Display Range (m)

Basic Range(m)

OFF-Center "OFF"

OFF-Center "ON"

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

600

800

1000

1200

1600

110

130

195

260

325

390

455

520

585

650

780

1040

1300

1560

2080

135

160

240

320

400

480

560

640

720

800

960

1280

1600

1920

2560

NOTE: 1. Ranges shown for off-center “on” are maximum.

2. Under certain circumstances, a target (fish school) may

not be detected due to its nature or because of sea

conditions, even if it is located within the display range.

Pulselength

PRR

0.5ms to 20ms, interlocked with range

0.2 sec to 4.0 sec interlocked with range. (can

be changed in 11 steps.)

SP-1

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5. AUDIO SEARCH

Searching Method Echoes in the direction of the bearing mark are

audibly monitored by the built-in loudspeaker.

Audio Sector

Audio Output

20˚, 40˚, 80˚, 120˚ (selectable)

Audio Frequency 800Hz

6. Transmitter/Receiver

Transmitter

High power MOS FET amplifier with 11-step

power reduction switch

Receiver

Low noise superheterodyne, continuously scan-

ning beam forming

Tx Frequency

7. Tilt Angle

55kHz or 68kHz

Tilt Angle

Auto Tilt

0˚ to 55˚

±2˚ to ±26˚ selectable

8. Hull Unit

400mm travel

400m

600mm travel

600m

Transducer Travel

Raising Time

14 sec.

20 sec.

14 sec.

20 sec.

Lowering/Time

Driving System

Remote electric control

18 knots max. (16 knots during raise/lower

operation)

Allowable Ship’s Speed

9. Other Features

Interference Rejector, Video Processing, Noise Limiter, Automatic

Tilt Scanning Overvoltage Warning, Unretracted Transducer Warn-

ing

10. Power Supply, Power Consumption

100/115/200/240VAC, 50/60Hz, 1φ, 0.4kVA on average, 1kVA max.

24/32VDC with optional DC-AC inverter CSH-5050.

SP-2

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INDEX

event mark 36

indications 47-50

marks and data 51

menu description 41-43

menu screen 40

MENU-1 41

Absorption 59

AGC control 17

Air bubbles 61

Attenuation 59

AUDIO control 21

AUTO TILT key 6

MENU-2 42

numeric information 35

operation 36–46

own ship mark 36

SCAN menu 43

specifications 35

SYSTEM menu 42

target lock mark 36

IR control 19

Color test 56

Conti test 55

Control box panel 5

Data description 25

DEMAG button 3

Diagnostics

Main panel 4

Maintenance

zinc block replacement 53

Mark description 24

MENU key 5

color test 56

conti test 55

echo-1 test 56

echo-2 test 57

gray test 57

Menu operation

panel test 55

single test 54

SIO test 55

basic 7

scan menu operation 32

system menu description 33

turning on/off 54

NOISE LIM control 18

Echo-1 test 56

Echo-2 test 57

EVENT DELETE key 6

EVENT key 6

OFF-CENTER key 6, 22

Output power 18

Overvoltage remedy 30

F1, F2 keys 22

False echoes (sidelobe) 29

Fish school echo 27

Panel test 55

POWER switch 30

Powering off 11

Powering on 10

Pulselength 17

GAIN control 5, 15

Gray test 53

R/B key 6, 21

Interface Module CSH-5060 35–51

available menu items 44-46

display marks 35

Range and bearing measurement 20

RANGE control 5

RANGE switch 11

display mode 35

E/S menu 43

Refraction 60

Index-1

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Scan menu 8

Sea surface reflections 28

Seabed echo 26

SECTOR SCAN key 6, 21

Sidelobe 29

Single test 54

SIO test 51

Sound velocity 58

System configuration 2

System menu 33

Tilt angle

and discriminating fish echoes from bottom 12

for surface fish 13

general selection 11

TILT lever 5, 11

Trackball 5

TRANSDUCER switch 5, 11, 30

TVG adjustment 16

TX cycle 19

Wake recognition 28

Index-2

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