Fluke Home Safety Product 9140 User Manual

Hart Scientific

9140

Dry-well Calibrator

User’s Guide

Rev. 5B1702

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Table of Contents

1 Before Y o u Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.1 Symbols Used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.2 Safety Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

1.2.1

W A RNINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

1.2.2

CAUTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1.3 Authorized Service Centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

3 Specifications and Environmental Conditions . . . . . . . . . . 9

3.1 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

3.2 Environmental Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

3.3 Warrant y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0

4 Quick Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

4.1 Unpacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

4.2 Set-Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

4.3 Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

4.4 Setting the Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

5 Parts and Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

5.1 Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

5.2 Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

5.3 Constant Temperature Block Assembl y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5

5.3.1

Constant Temperature Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

5.3.2

Probe Sleeves and Tongs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

6 General Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

6.1 Calibrator Set-Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

6.2 Changing Display Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

6.3 Switching to 230 V Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

6.4 Setting the Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

6.5 Calibrating Probe s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8

7 Controller Operatio n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1

7.1 Well Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

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7.2 Temperature Set-poin t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1

7.2.1

7.2.2

7.2.3

Programmable Set-points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Set-point V a lue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Temperature Scale Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

7.3 Scan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

7.3.1

Scan Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

7.3.2

Scan Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

7.4 Temperature Display Hold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Hold Temperature Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Mode Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Switch Wirin g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5

Switch Test Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

7.5 Secondary Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

7.5.1

Heater Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

7.5.2

Proportional Band. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

7.6 Controller Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

7.6.1

Calibration Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

7.6.1.1 R0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

7.6.1.2 ALPHA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

7.6.1.3 DE L TA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0

7.7 Operating Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

7.8 Serial Interface Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

7.8.0.1 Baud Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

7.8.1

Sample Period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

7.8.1.1 Duplex Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

7.8.1.2 Linefee d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2

8 Digital Communication Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

8.1 Serial Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

8.1.1

Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

8.1.2

Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

8.1.2.1 Baud Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

8.1.2.2 Sample Period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

8.1.2.3 Duplex Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

8.1.2.4 Linefee d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4

Serial Operatio n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4

8.1.3

8.2 Interface Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

9 T e st Probe Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

9.1 Comparison Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

9.1.1

9.1.2

9.1.3

Calibrating a Single Probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Comparison Calibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Calibration of Multiple Probes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

9.2 Dry-well Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

9.2.1

9.2.2

9.2.3

V e rtical Gradient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Heating and Cooling Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Stabilization and Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

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10 Calibration Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

10.1 Calibration Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

10.2 Calibration Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

10.2.1

10.2.2

10.2.3

Compute DE L T A : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Compute R & ALPHA: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Accuracy & Repeatability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

11 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

12 Troubleshooting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

12.1 Troubleshooting Problems, Possible Causes, and Solutions . . . . 49

12.2 CE Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

12.2.1

EMC Directive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

12.2.2

Low V o ltage Directive (Safety) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

iii

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Figures

Figure 1 9140 Back Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Figure 2 9140 Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Figure 3 Inserts available for the 9140 block assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Figure 4 Controller Operation Flowchart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Figure 5 Well temperature fluctuation at various proportional band settings . . . 27

Figure 6 Serial Cable Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Figure 7 Typical Heating Rat e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1

Figure 8 Typical Cooling Rat e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

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Tables

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

International Electrical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

9140 controller communications command s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 6

9140 controller communications commands continued . . . . . . . . . 37

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1 Before You Start

Symbols Used

Before You Start

1.1

Symbols Used

Table 1 lists the symbols used on the instrument or in this manual and the

meaning of each symbol.

Table 1 International Electrical Symbols

Symbol

Description

AC (Alternating Current)

AC-DC

Battery

Complies with European Union directives

Double Insulated

Electric Shock

Fuse

PE Ground

Hot Surface (Burn Hazard)

Read the User’s Manual (Important Information)

Off

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9140 Dry-well Calibrator

User’s Guide

Symbol

Description

Canadian Standards Association

OVERVOLTAGE (Installation) CATEGORY II, Pollution Degree 2 per IEC1010-1 re-

fers to the level of Impulse Withstand Voltage protection provided. Equipment of

OVERVOLTAGE CATEGORY II is energy-consuming equipment to be supplied from

the fixed installation. Examples include household, office, and laboratory appliances.

C-TIC Australian EMC

The European Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive

(2002/96/EC) mark.

1.2

Safety Information

Use the instrument only as specified in this manual. Otherwise, the protection

provided by the instrument may be impaired. Refer to the safety information

below and throughout the manual.

The following definitions apply to the terms “Warning” and “Caution”.

• “Warning” identifies conditions and actions that may pose hazards to the

user.

• “Caution” identifies conditions and actions that may damage the instru-

ment being used.

1.2.1

WARNINGS

To avoid personal injury, follow these guidelines.

GENERAL

• DO NOT use this instrument in environments other than those listed in

the User’s Guide.

• Inspect the instrument for damage before each use. DO NOT use the in-

strument if it appears damaged or operates abnormally.

• Follow all safety guidelines listed in the user’s manual.

• Calibration Equipment should only be used by Trained Personnel.

• If this equipment is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer,

the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired.

• Before initial use, or after transport, or after storage in humid or semi-hu-

mid environments, or anytime the dry-well has not been energized for

more than 10 days, the instrument needs to be energized for a "dry-out"

period of 2 hours before it can be assumed to meet all of the safety re-

quirements of the IEC 1010-1. If the product is wet or has been in a wet

environment, take necessary measures to remove moisture prior to apply-

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1 Before You Start

Safety Information

ing power such as storage in a low humidity temperature chamber operat-

ing at 50°C for 4 hours or more.

• DO NOT use this instrument for any application other than calibration

work. The instrument was designed for temperature calibration. Any other

use of the instrument may cause unknown hazards to the user.

• Completely unattended operation is not recommended.

• Overhead clearance is required. DO NOT place the instrument under a

cabinet or other structure. Always leave enough clearance to allow for

safe and easy insertion and removal of probes.

• If the instrument is used in a manner not in accordance with the equip-

ment design, the operation of the dry-well may be impaired or safety haz-

ards may arise.

• This instrument is intended for indoor use only.

BURN HAZARDS

• DO NOT turn the instrument upside down with the inserts in place; the

inserts will fall out.

• DO NOT operate near flammable materials.

• Use of this instrument at HIGH TEMPERATURES for extended periods

of time requires caution.

• DO NOT touch the well access surface of the instrument.

• The block vent may be very hot due to the fan blowing across the heater

block of the dry-well.

• The temperature of the well access is the same as the actual display tem-

perature, e.g. if the instrument is set to 700°C and the display reads

700°C, the well is at 700°C.

• For top loading dry-wells, the top sheet metal of the dry-well may exhibit

extreme temperatures for areas close to the well access.

• The air over the well can reach temperatures greater that 200°C for high

temperature (400°C and higher) dry-wells. Note: Probes and inserts may

be hot and should only be inserted and removed from the instrument

when the instrument is set at temperatures less than 50°C. Use extreme

care when removing hot inserts.

• DO NOT turn off the instrument at temperatures higher than 100°C. This

could create a hazardous situation. Select a set-point less than 100°C and

allow the instrument to cool before turning it off.

• The high temperatures present in dry-wells designed for operation at

300°C and higher may result in fires and severe burns if safety precau-

tions are not observed.

• For compliance with IEC 1010-1, it is recommended that the cutout mode

always be set to the manual mode requiring user intervention to reset the

instrument.

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9140 Dry-well Calibrator

User’s Guide

ELECTRICAL SHOCK

• These guidelines must be followed to ensure that the safety mechanisms

in this instrument will operate properly. This instrument must be plugged

into a 115 VAC, 60Hz (230 VAC, 50Hz optional), AC only electric outlet.

The power cord of the instrument is equipped with a three-pronged

grounding plug for your protection against electrical shock hazards. It

must be plugged directly into a properly grounded three-prong receptacle.

The receptacle must be installed in accordance with local codes and ordi-

nances. Consult a qualified electrician. DO NOT use an extension cord or

adapter plug.

• If supplied with user accessible fuses, always replace the fuse with one of

the same rating, voltage, and type.

• Always replace the power cord with an approved cord of the correct rat-

ing and type.

• HIGH VOLTAGE is used in the operation of this equipment. SEVERE

INJURY or DEATH may result if personnel fail to observe safety precau-

tions. Before working inside the equipment, turn power off and discon-

nect power cord.

1.2.2

CAUTIONS

• Always operate this instrument at room temperature between 41°F and

122°F (5°C to 50°C). Allow sufficient air circulation by leaving at least 6

inches (15 cm) of clearance around the instrument. Overhead clearance is

required. DO NOT place unit under any structure.

• Component lifetime can be shortened by continuous high temperature op-

eration.

• DO NOT leave the sleeve(s) in the instrument for prolonged periods. Due

to the high operating temperatures of the instrument, the sleeves should be

removed after each use and buffed with a Scotch-Brite® pad or emery

cloth. (See Maintenance, Section .)

• DO NOT apply any type of voltage to the display hold terminals. Apply-

ing a voltage to the terminals may cause damage to the controller.

• DO NOT use fluids to clean out the well. Fluids could leak into electron-

ics and damage the instrument.

• Never introduce any foreign material into the probe hole of the insert.

Fluids, etc. can leak into the instrument causing damage.

• DO NOT change the values of the calibration constants from the factory

set values. The correct setting of these parameters is important to the

safety and proper operation of the calibrator.

• DO NOT slam the probe sheath in to the well. This type of action can

cause a shock to the sensor and affect the calibration.

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1 Before You Start

Authorized Service Centers

• The instrument and any thermometer probes used with it are sensitive in-

struments that can be easily damaged. Always handle these devices with

care. DO NOT allow them to be dropped, struck, stressed, or overheated.

• The Factory Reset Sequence (see Section 12.1, Troubleshooting) should

be performed only by authorized personnel if no other action is successful

in correcting a malfunction. You must have a copy of the most recent Re-

port of Calibration to restore the calibration parameters.

• DO NOT operate this instrument in an excessively wet, oily, dusty, or

dirty environment. Always keep the well and inserts clean and clear of

foreign material.

• The dry-well is a precision instrument. Although it has been designed for

optimum durability and trouble free operation, it must be handled with

care. Always carry the instrument in an upright position to prevent the

probe sleeves from dropping out. The convenient handle allows for hand

carrying the instrument.

• If a mains supply power fluctuation occurs, immediately turn off the in-

strument. Power bumps from brown-outs could damage the instrument.

Wait until the power has stabilized before re-energizing the instrument.

• The probe and the block may expand at different rates. Allow for probe

expansion inside the well as the block heats. Otherwise, the probe may

become stuck in the well.

• Most probes have handle temperature limits. Be sure that the probe handle

temperature limit is not exceeded in the air above the instrument. If the

probe handle limits are exceeded, the probe may be permanently dam-

aged.

1.3

Authorized Service Centers

Please contact one of the following authorized Service Centers to coordinate

service on your Hart product:

Fluke Corporation, Hart Scientific Division

799 E. Utah Valley Drive

American Fork, UT 84003-9775

USA

Phone: +1.801.763.1600

Telefax: +1.801.763.1010

E-mail: [email protected]

Fluke Nederland B.V.

Customer Support Services

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9140 Dry-well Calibrator

User’s Guide

Science Park Eindhoven 5108

5692 EC Son

NETHERLANDS

Phone: +31-402-675300

Telefax: +31-402-675321

E-mail: [email protected]

Fluke Int'l Corporation

Service Center - Instrimpex

Room 2301 Sciteck Tower

22 Jianguomenwai Dajie

Chao Yang District

Beijing 100004, PRC

CHINA

Phone: +86-10-6-512-3436

Telefax: +86-10-6-512-3437

E-mail: [email protected]

Fluke South East Asia Pte Ltd.

Fluke ASEAN Regional Office

Service Center

60 Alexandra Terrace #03-16

The Comtech (Lobby D)

118502

SINGAPORE

Phone: +65 6799-5588

Telefax: +65 6799-5588

E-mail: [email protected]

When contacting these Service Centers for support, please have the following

information available:

• Model Number

• Serial Number

• Voltage

• Complete description of the problem

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2 Introduction

Introduction

The Hart Scientific 9140 Mid-Range Field Calibrator may be used as a portable

instrument or bench top temperature calibrator for calibrating thermocouple

and RTD temperature probes. The 9140 is small enough to use in the field, and

accurate enough to use in the lab.

The instrument features:

• Rapid heating and cooling

• Interchangeable multiple hole aluminum probe sleeves

• Convenient hand strap

• RS-232 interface capability

Built in programmable features include:

• Temperature scan rate control

• Temperature switch hold

• Eight Setpoint memory

• Adjustable readout in °C or °F

The temperature is accurately controlled by Hart’s hybrid analog/digital con-

troller. The controller uses a precision platinum RTD as a sensor and controls

the well temperature with a solid state relay (triac) driven heater.

The LED front panel continuously shows the current well temperature. The

temperature may be easily set with the control buttons to any desired tempera-

ture within the specified range. The instrument’s multiple fault protection de-

vices insure user and instrument safety and protection.

The 9140 dry-well calibrator was designed for portability, low cost, and ease of

operation. Through proper use the instrument will provide continued accurate

calibration of temperature sensors and devices. The user should be familiar

with the safety guidelines and operating procedures of the calibrator as de-

scribed in the instruction manual.

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3 Specifications and Environmental Conditions

Specifications

Specifications and Environmental

Conditions

3.1

Specifications

The following table lists the specifications for this instrument. Accuracy speci-

fications are applicable for a one-year calibration interval. In line with normal

prudent metrology practices, Hart Scientific recommends a short-cycle interval

of six months for new units during the first year.

115 VAC ( 10%), 4.4 A or 230 VAC ( 10%), 2.2 A, switchable 500 W

5–50°C (41–122°F)

Power

Ambient Temperature

Operating Range

Resolution

35–350°C (95–662°F)

0.1°C or °F resolution

Switchable°C or °F

Readout

Accuracy

0.5°C ( 0.9°F), in holes greater than 1/4" (6.35 mm) accuracy is 1°C

( 1.8°F)

Stability

0.03°C at 50°C, 0.05°C at 350°C

0.4°C typical, 0.1°C with similarly sized wells

Digital controller with data retention

500W

Uniformity

Controller

Heater

12 minutes from ambient to 350°C

15 minutes from 350°C to 100°C

2 speed internal fan

Heating Time

Cooling Time

Cooling

7 minutes

Stabilization Time

Immersion Depth

Fault Protection

124 mm (4.88 inches)

Sensor burnout and short protection, over temperature thermal cut-out, elec-

trical fuses

31.8 mm dia. x 123.7 mm deep (1.25" x 4.87"). Multi-hole inserts are

available.

Test Wells

152.4 mm H x 85.7 mm W x 196.9 mm D (6" x 3.375" x 7.75")

2.7 kg (6 lbs.)

Exterior Dimension

Weight

115 V: 6 A (fast acting), 250 V

230 V: 3.15 A (fast acting), 250 V

Fuse Rating

OVERVOLTAGE (Installation) CATEGORY II, Pollution Degree 2 per

IEC1010-1

Safety

3.2

Environmental Conditions

Although the instrument has been designed for optimum durability and trou-

ble-free operation, it must be handled with care. The instrument should not be

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9140 Dry-well Calibrator

User’s Guide

operated in an excessively dusty or dirty environment. Maintenance and clean-

ing recommendations can be found in the Maintenance Section of this manual.

The instrument operates safely under the following conditions:

• temperature range: 5–50°C (41–122°F)

• ambient relative humidity: 15–50%

• pressure: 75kPa–106kPa

• mains voltage within 10% of nominal

• vibrations in the calibration environment should be minimized

• altitude does not effect the performance or safety of the unit

3.3

Warranty

Fluke Corporation, Hart Scientific Division (Hart) warrants this product to be

free from defects in material and workmanship under normal use and service

for a period as stated in our current product catalog from the date of shipment.

This warranty extends only to the original purchaser and shall not apply to any

product which, in Hart’s sole opinion, has been subject to misuse, alteration,

abuse or abnormal conditions of operation or handling.

Software is warranted to operate in accordance with its programmed instruc-

tions on appropriate Hart products. It is not warranted to be error free.

Hart’s obligation under this warranty is limited to repair or replacement of a

product which is returned to Hart within the warranty period and is determined,

upon examination by Hart, to be defective. If Hart determines that the defect or

malfunction has been caused by misuse, alteration, abuse or abnormal condi-

tions or operation or handling, Hart will repair the product and bill the pur-

chaser for the reasonable cost of repair.

To exercise this warranty, contact an Authorized Service Center (see Section

1.3). Service Centers assume NO risk for in-transit damage.

THE FOREGOING WARRANTY IS PURCHASER’S SOLE AND EXCLU-

SIVE REMEDY AND IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EX-

PRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY

IMPLIED WARRANTY OR MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS FOR ANY

PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE. HART SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR

ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAM-

AGES OR LOSS WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT, OR OTHERWISE.

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4 Quick Start

Unpacking

Quick Start

4.1

Unpacking

Unpack the dry-well carefully and inspect it for any damage that may have oc-

curred during shipment. If there is shipping damage, notify the carrier

immediately.

Verify that the following components are present:

• 9140 Dry-well

• Insert

• Insert Removal Tool

• Power Cord

• Serial Cable

• User's Guide

• 9930 Software Package

4.2

Set-Up

Place the calibrator on a flat surface with at least 6 inches of free space around

the instrument. Plug the power cord into a grounded mains outlet. Observe that

the nominal voltage corresponds to that indicated on the back of the calibrator.

Carefully insert the probe sleeve into the well. Probe sleeves should be of the

smallest hole diameter possible still allowing the probe to slide in and out eas-

ily. Sleeves of various sizes are available from Hart Scientific. The well must be

clear of any foreign objects, dirt and grit before the sleeve is inserted. The

sleeve is inserted with the two small tong holes positioned upward.

Turn on the power to the calibrator by toggling the switch on the power entry

module. The fan should begin quietly blowing air through the instrument and

the controller display should illuminate after 3 seconds. After a brief self test

the controller should begin normal operation. If the unit fails to operate please

check the power connection.

The display will begin to show the well temperature and the well heater will

start operating to bring the temperature of the well to the set-point temperature.

After using the calibrator, allow the well to cool by setting the temperature to

25°C and waiting for the instrument to reach temperature before turning the in-

strument off.

4.3

Power

Plug the dry-well power cord into a mains outlet of the proper voltage, fre-

quency, and current capability. Refer to Section 3.1, Specifications, for power

details. Turn the dry-well on using the rear panel “POWER” switch. The

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9140 Dry-well Calibrator

User’s Guide

dry-well will turn on and begin to heat to the previously programmed tempera-

ture set-point. The front panel LED display will indicate the actual dry-well

temperature.

4.4

Setting the Temperature

Section 7.2 explains in detail how to set the temperature set-point on the cali-

brator using the front panel keys. The procedure is summarized here.

(1) Press “SET” twice to access the set-point value.

(2) Press “UP” or “DOWN” to change the set-point value.

(3) Press “SET” to program in the new set-point.

(4) Press “EXIT” to return to the temperature display.

When the set-point temperature is changed the controller will switch the well

heater on or off to raise or lower the temperature. The displayed well tempera-

ture will gradually change until it reaches the set-point temperature. The well

may require 5 to 10 minutes to reach the set-point depending on the span. An-

other 5 to 10 minutes is required to stabilize within 0.1°C of the set-point. Ul-

timate stability may take 15 to 20 minutes more of stabilization time.

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5 Parts and Controls

Rear Panel

Parts and Controls

The user should become familiar with the dry-well calibrator and its parts:

5.1

Rear Panel

Figure 1 on page 13.

Power Cord - At the rear of the calibrator is the removable power cord inlet

that plugs into an IEC grounded socket.

Power Switch - The power switch is located on the power entry module

(PEM). The PEM also houses the fuses and the dual voltage selector. The PEM

and Heater Voltage Switch (see below) allow the unit to be field switchable for

115 VAC ( 10%) or 230 VAC ( 10%) operation.

Heater Voltage Switch - To be used only when changing the input voltage.

(See Section 6.3 for instructions on changing the input voltage.)

Note: The input voltage and heater voltage switch settings should always be the

same value.

Serial Port - A DB-9 male connector is present for interfacing the calibrator to

a computer or terminal with serial RS-232 communications.

Fan - The fan inside the calibrator runs continuously when the unit is being op-

erated to provide cooling for the instrument. It has two speeds, a slow speed for

control operation and a faster speed for rapid cooling. Slots at the top and

Figure 1 9140 Back Panel

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9140 Dry-well Calibrator

User’s Guide

around the two corners of the calibrator are provided for airflow. The area

around the calibrator must be kept clear to allow adequate ventilation. The air-

flow is directed upward and as a result, can be extremely hot.

5.2

Front Panel

Figure 2 on page 14.

Controller Display - The digital display is an important part of the temperature

controller because it not only displays set and actual temperatures but also vari-

ous calibrator functions, settings, and constants. The display shows tempera-

tures in units according to the selected scale °C or °F.

Controller Keypad - The four button keypad allows easy setting of the

set-point temperature. The control buttons (SET, DOWN, UP, and EXIT) are

used to set the calibrator temperature set-point, access and set other operating

parameters, and access and set calibration parameters.

Setting the control temperature is done directly in degrees of the current scale.

It can be set to one-tenth of a degree Celsius or Fahrenheit.

The functions of the buttons are as follows:

SET – Used to display the next parameter in the menu and to store parameters

to the displayed value.

DOWN – Used to decrement the displayed value of parameters.

UP – Used to increment the displayed value.

Figure 2 9140 Front Panel

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5 Parts and Controls

Constant Temperature Block Assembly

EXIT – Used to exit a function and to skip to the next function. Any changes

made to the displayed value are ignored.

5.3

Constant Temperature Block Assembly

Figure 3 on page 15.

5.3.1

Constant Temperature Block

The “Block” is made of aluminum and provides a relatively constant and accu-

rate temperature environment in which the sensor that is to be calibrated is in-

serted. A 1.25 inch diameter well is provided that may be used for sensors of

that size or may be sleeved down with various sized multi-hole probe sleeves.

Heaters surround the block assembly and provides even heat to the sensor. A

high-temperature platinum RTD is imbedded at the base of the block assembly

to sense and control the temperature of the block. The entire assembly is sus-

pended in an air cooled chamber thermally isolated from the chassis and

electronics.

CAUTION: The block vent cover may be very hot due to the fan blowing

upward. Please use caution.

5.3.2

Probe Sleeves and Tongs

The calibrator is supplied with a multi-hole aluminum probe sleeve for inser-

tion into the calibrator well and tongs for removing sleeves. Probe sleeves of

various hole sizes are available to allow the user’s probe to fit snugly into the

well whatever the diameter of the probe.

One insert, whichever is ordered, is shipped with the unit:

• Insert A (variety block): 1/2”, 3/8”,3/16”,1/8”, and 1/16” holes

• Insert B (comparison block): 2 3/8”,2 1/4”, and 2 3/16” holes

• Insert C (1/4” comparison block): 6 1/4” holes

Insert “A”

Insert “B”

Insert “C”

Insert “D”

1/16"

1/4"

4 mm

3/16"

3 mm

3/8"

1/2"

3/8"

6 mm

3 mm

3/16"

4 mm

3/16"

1/4"

1/8"

Figure 3 Inserts available for the 9140 block assembly

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9140 Dry-well Calibrator

User’s Guide

• Insert D (comparison block): 2 each at 3 mm, 4 mm, and 6 mm

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6 General Operation

Calibrator Set-Up

General Operation

6.1

Calibrator Set-Up

Place the calibrator on a flat surface with at least 6 inches of free space around

the instrument. Overhead clearance is required. DO NOT place under a cabinet

or other structure.Plug the power cord into a grounded mains outlet. Observe

that the nominal voltage corresponds to that indicated on the back of the

calibrator.

Gently insert the probe sleeve into the well. The probe sleeve should be of the

smallest hole size possible while allowing the probe to slide in and out easily.

Sleeves of various sizes are available from the manufacturer. The well must be

clear of any foreign objects, dirt and grit before the sleeve is inserted. The

sleeve is inserted with the two small tong holes positioned upward.

Turn on the power to the calibrator by toggling the switch at the rear of the in-

strument to the “l” (on) position. The fan will begin circulating air through the

instrument. After a brief self test the controller should begin normal operation

showing the well temperature. The block will heat or cool until it reaches the

programmed set-point.

6.2

Changing Display Units

The 9140 can display temperature in Celsius or Fahrenheit. The temperature

units are shipped from the factory set to Celsius. To change to Fahrenheit or

back to Celsius there are two ways:

1 - Press the “SET” and “UP” simultaneously. This will change display units.

2 - Press the “SET” key three times from the temperature display to show

Un= C

Press the “UP” or “DOWN” key to change units.

6.3

Switching to 230 V Operation

The 9140 is switchable from 115 VAC to 230 VAC 50/60 Hz. Switching the

voltage can change the calibration, so it is recommended to recalibrate the unit

after changing the input voltage.

To change from 115 VAC to 230 VAC:

• Unplug the unit

• With a small straight slot screwdriver remove the fuse holder located on

the rear panel. Replace the two 6 amps fuses with 3 amp 250 V fuses.

• Replace the fuse holder with the “230V” in the display window.

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9140 Dry-well Calibrator

User’s Guide

• Using the same straight slot screwdriver, move the heater switch to dis-

play “230V”. See the rear panel drawing in Figure 1 on page 13.

NOTE: If the heater switch and the fuse holder do not both read 230V when

complete, the unit will either not heat or only heat at a fraction of its capacity.

If not done properly, the unit could become damaged and void the calibration

and warranty.

CAUTION: DO NOT plug the unit into 230 V if the heater switch and fuse

holder read 115. This will cause the fuse to blow and may damage the in-

strument.

6.4

Setting the Temperature

Section 7.2 explains in detail how to set the temperature set-point on the cali-

brator using the front panel keys. The procedure is summarized here.

(1) Press “SET” twice to access the set-point value.

(2) Press “UP” or “DOWN” to change the set-point value.

(3) Press “SET” to program in the new set-point.

(4) Press “EXIT” to return to the temperature display.

When the set-point temperature is changed the controller will switch the well

heater on or off to raise or lower the temperature. The cycle indicator, a two

color LED, will also indicate on (red and heating) or off (green and cooling).

The displayed well temperature will gradually change until it reaches the

set-point temperature. The well may require 5 to 20 minutes to reach the

set-point depending on the span. Another 5 to 10 minutes is required for the

temperature to stabilize.

6.5

Calibrating Probes

The dry-well block provides a constant temperature environment in which

probes may be compared. The probes inserted into the block may be compared

to the well temperature displayed on the front panel of the calibrator. The

probes should be inserted the full depth of the well since the temperature at the

bottom of the well will most closely agree with the displayed temperature.

For greater accuracy the probes may be compared to a reference thermometer

inserted into the block. The reference thermometer may be inserted into one

hole while the probes to be calibrated are inserted into another. The drawback

to this method is that because of temperature variations throughout the block

there may be a small temperature difference between one hole and another

which can cause errors.

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6 General Operation

Calibrating Probes

Using the same hole for the reference thermometer and the test probe may have

better results. This however requires switching the probes which takes more

time. One must allow a few minutes after inserting the probes for the tempera-

ture to stabilize before making measurements. Because of temperature varia-

tions along the length of the well, best results are obtained when comparing

probes of similar construction and inserting them the same depth into the well.

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7 Controller Operation

Well Temperature

Controller Operation

This chapter discusses in detail how to operate the dry-well temperature con-

troller using the front control panel. Using the front panel key-switches and

LED display the user may monitor the well temperature, set the temperature

set-point in degrees C or F, monitor the heater output power, adjust the control-

ler proportional band, and program the calibration parameters, operating pa-

rameters, and serial interface configuration. Operation of the functions and

parameters are shown in the flowchart in Figure 4 on page 22. This chart may

be copied for reference.

In the following discussion a button with the word SET, UP, EXIT or DOWN

inside indicates the panel button while the dotted box indicates the display

reading. Explanation of the button or display reading are to the right of each

button or display value.

7.1

Well Temperature

The digital LED display on the front panel allows direct viewing of the actual

well temperature. This temperature value is what is normally shown on the dis-

play. The units, C or F, of the temperature value are displayed at the right. For

example,

Well temperature in degrees Celsius

100.0 C

The temperature display function may be accessed from any other function by

pressing the “EXIT” button.

7.2

Temperature Set-point

The temperature set-point can be set to any value within the range and with res-

olution as given in the specifications. Be careful not to exceed the safe upper

temperature limit of any device inserted into the well.

Setting the temperature involves two steps: (1) select the set-point memory and

(2) adjust the set-point value.

7.2.1

Programmable Set-points

The controller stores 8 set-point temperatures in memory. The set-points can be

quickly recalled to conveniently set the calibrator to a previously programmed

temperature set-point.

To set the temperature one must first select the set-point memory. This function

is accessed from the temperature display function by pressing “SET”. The

number of the set-point memory currently being used is shown at the left on the

display followed by the current set-point value.

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9140 Dry-well Calibrator

User’s Guide

Figure 4 Controller Operation Flowchart

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7 Controller Operation

Temperature Set-point

Well temperature in degrees Celsius

100.0 C

Access set-point memory

Set-point memory 1, 100°C currently used

To change to another set-point memory press “UP” or “DOWN”.

New set-point memory 4, 300°C

1. 100.

4. 300.

Press “SET” to accept the new selection and access the set-point value.

Accept selected set-point memory

7.2.2

Set-point Value

The set-point value may be adjusted after selecting the set-point memory and

pressing “SET”.

Set-point 4 value in°C

4. 200.

If the set-point value need not be changed then press “EXIT” to resume dis-

playing the well temperature. To change the set-point value, press “SET” and

then press “UP” or “DOWN.”

New set-point value

220.0

When the desired set-point value is reached press “SET” to accept the new

value and access the temperature scale units selection. If “EXIT” is pressed in-

stead then any changes made to the set-point will be ignored.

Accept new set-point value

7.2.3

Temperature Scale Units

The temperature scale units of the controller maybe set by the user to degrees

Celsius (°C) or Fahrenheit (°F). The units are used in displaying the well tem-

perature, set-point, and proportional band.

Press “SET” after adjusting the set-point value to change display units.

Un= C

Scale units currently selected

Press “UP” or “DOWN” to change the units.

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9140 Dry-well Calibrator

User’s Guide

Un= F

New units selected

7.3

Scan

The scan rate can be set and enabled so that when the set-point is changed the

dry-well heats or cools at a specified rate (degrees per minute) until it reaches

the new set-point. With the scan disabled the dry-well heats or cools at the

maximum possible rate.

7.3.1

Scan Control

The scan is controlled with the scan on/off function that appears in the main

menu after the temperature scale units.

Scan function off

Press “UP” or “DOWN” to toggle the scan on or off.

Scan function on

Sc=OFF

Sc=On

Press “SET” to accept the present setting and continue.

Accept scan setting

7.3.2

Scan Rate

The next function in the main menu is the scan rate. The scan rate can be set

from .1 to 99.9°C/min. The maximum scan rate however is actually limited by

the natural heating or cooling rate of the instrument. This is often less than

100°C/min, especially when cooling.

The scan rate function appears in the main menu after the scan control function.

The scan rate units are in degrees per minute, degrees C or F depending on the

selected units.

Scan rate in°C/min

Press “UP” or “DOWN” to change the scan rate.

New scan rate

Sr= 10.0

Sr= 2.0

Press “SET” to accept the new scan rate and continue.

Accept scan rate

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7 Controller Operation

Temperature Display Hold

7.4

Temperature Display Hold

The 9140 has a display hold function which allows action of an external switch

to freeze the displayed temperature and stop the set-point from scanning. This

is useful for testing thermal switches and cutouts. This section explains the

functions available for operating the temperature hold feature. An example fol-

lows showing how to set up and use the hold feature to test a switch.

7.4.1

Hold Temperature Display

The hold feature is enabled by simply pressing the “UP” button. The hold tem-

perature display shows the hold temperature on the right and the switch status

on the left. For the status “c” means the switch is closed and “o” means the

switch is open. The status flashes when the switch is in its active position (op-

posite the normal position). The hold temperature shows what the temperature

of the well was when the switch changed from its normal position to its active

position. While the switch is in the normal position the hold temperature will

follow the well temperature. Operation of the hold temperature display is out-

lined below.

Well temperature display

143.5 C

Access hold display

Switch status and hold temperature

c 144.8

To return to the normal well temperature display press “DOWN”.

7.4.2

Mode Setting

The Hold Function is always in the automatic mode. In this mode the normal

position is set to whatever the switch position is when the set-point is changed.

For example, if the switch is currently open when the set-point is changed, the

closed position then becomes the new active position. The normal position is

set automatically under any of the following conditions, (1) a new set-point

number is selected, (2) the set-point value is changed, (3) a new set-point is set

through the communications channels.

The operating mode of the temperature hold is set in the primary menu after the

scan rate setting.

7.4.3

Switch Wiring

The thermal switch or cutout is wired to the calibrator at the two terminals in

the front of the dry-well calibrator labeled “SWITCH HOLD”. The switch

wires may be connected to the terminals either way. Internally the black termi-

nal connects to ground. The red terminal connects to +5V through a 100 kΩ re-

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9140 Dry-well Calibrator

User’s Guide

sistor. The calibrator measures the voltage at the red terminal and interprets

+5V as open and 0V as closed.

7.4.4

Switch Test Example

This section describes a possible application for the temperature hold feature

and how the instrument is set up and operated.

Suppose you have a thermal switch which is supposed to open at about 75°C

and close at about 50°C and you want to test the switch to see how accurate and

repeatable it is. You can use the temperature hold feature and the scan function

to test the switch. Measurements can be made by observing the display or, pref-

erably, by collecting data using a computer connected to the RS-232 port. To

set up the test do the following steps.

1. Connect the switch wires to the terminals on the front of the dry-well and

place the switch in the well.

2. Enable set-point scanning by setting the scan to “ON” in the primary menu

(see section 7.3.1).

3. Set the scan rate to a low value, say 1.0°C/min. (see section 7.3.2). If the

scan rate is too high you may lose accuracy because of transient temperature

gradients. If the scan rate is too low the duration of the test may be longer than

is necessary. You may need to experiment to find the best scan rate.

4. Set the first program set-point to a value below the expected lower switch

temperature, say 40°C, in the program menu.

5. Set the second program set-point to a value above the expected upper switch

temperature, say 90°C.

6. Set the program soak time to allow enough time to collect a number of data

points, say 2 minutes.

7. Collect data on a computer connected to the RS-232 port. Refer to Section 8

for instructions on configuring the RS-232 communications interface.

7.5

Secondary Menu

Functions which are used less often are accessed within the secondary menu.

The secondary menu is accessed by pressing “SET” and “EXIT” simulta-

neously and then releasing. The first function in the secondary menu is the

heater power display. (See Figure 4.)

7.5.1

Heater Power

The temperature controller controls the temperature of the well by pulsing the

heater on and off. The total power being applied to the heater is determined by

the duty cycle or the ratio of heater on time to the pulse cycle time. By knowing

the amount of heating the user can tell if the calibrator is heating up to the

set-point, cooling down, or controlling at a constant temperature. Monitoring

the percent heater power will let the user know how stable the well temperature

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7 Controller Operation

Secondary Menu

is. With good control stability the percent heating power should not fluctuate

more than 1% within one minute.

The heater power display is accessed in the secondary menu. Press “SET” and

“EXIT” simultaneously and release. The heater power will be displayed as a

percentage of full power.

Well temperature

100.0 C

Access heater power in secondary menu

S E

SEC

Flashes SEC for secondary menu and then displays the

heater power

Heater power in percent

12.0P

To exit out of the secondary menu press “EXIT”. To continue on to the propor-

tional band setting function press “SET”.

7.5.2

Proportional Band

In a proportional controller such as this the heater output power is proportional

to the well temperature over a limited range of temperatures around the

set-point. This range of temperature is called the proportional band. At the bot-

tom of the proportional band the heater output is 100%. At the top of the pro-

portional band the heater output is 0. Thus as the temperature rises the heater

power is reduced, which consequently tends to lower the temperature back

down. In this way the temperature is maintained at a fairly constant level.

Proportional Band too Narrow

Proportional Band too Wide

Optimum Proportional Band

Figure 5 Well temperature fluctuation at various proportional band settings

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9140 Dry-well Calibrator

User’s Guide

The temperature stability of the well and response time depend on the width of

the proportional band. If the band is too wide the well temperature will deviate

excessively from the set-point due to varying external conditions. This is be-

cause the power output changes very little with temperature and the controller

cannot respond very well to changing conditions or noise in the system. If the

proportional band is too narrow the temperature may swing back and forth be-

cause the controller overreacts to temperature variations. For best control stabil-

ity the proportional band must be set for the optimum width.

The proportional band width is set at the factory to about 15.0°C. The propor-

tional band width may be altered by the user if he desires to optimize the con-

trol characteristics for a particular application.

The proportional band width is easily adjusted from the front panel. The width

may be set to discrete values in degrees C or F depending on the selected units.

The proportional band adjustment is be accessed within the secondary menu.

Press “SET” and “EXIT” to enter the secondary menu and show the heater

power. Then press “SET” to access the proportional band.

Access heater power in secondary menu

S E

SEC

Flashes SEC for secondary menu and then displays the

heater power

Heater power in percent

12.0P

Access proportional band

Flashes Prop then displays the setting

Proportional band setting

PROP

4.1

To change the proportional band press “UP” or “DOWN”.

New proportional band setting

10.0

To accept the new setting press “SET”. Press “EXIT” to continue without stor-

ing the new value.

Accept the new proportional band setting

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7 Controller Operation

Controller Configuration

7.6

Controller Configuration

The controller has a number of configuration and operating options and calibra-

tion parameters which are programmable via the front panel. These are ac-

cessed from the secondary menu after the proportional band function by

pressing “SET”. Pressing “SET” again enters the first of three sets of configu-

ration parameters — calibration parameters, operating parameters and serial in-

terface parameters. The menus are selected using the “UP” and “DOWN” keys

and then pressing “SET”.

7.6.1

Calibration Parameters

The operator of the instrument controller has access to a number of the calibra-

tion constants namely R0, ALPHA, and DELTA. These values are set at the

factory and must not be altered. The correct values are important to the accu-

racy and proper and safe operation of the instrument. Access to these parame-

ters is available to the user so that in the event that the controller memory fails

the user may restore these values to the factory settings. The user should have a

list of these constants and their settings with the instrument manual.

CAUTION: DO NOT change the values of the instrument calibration con-

stants from the factory set values. The correct setting of these parameters

is important to the safety and proper operation of the instrument.

The calibration parameters menu is indicated by,

CAL

Calibration parameters menu

Press “SET” five times to enter the menu. The calibration parameters menu

contains the parameters, R₀, ALPHA, and DELTA, which characterize the re-

sistance-temperature relationship of the platinum control sensor. These parame-

ters may be adjusted to improve the accuracy of the calibrator. This procedure

is explained in detail in Section 10, Calibration Procedure.

The calibration parameters are accessed by pressing “SET” after the name of

the parameter is displayed. The value of the parameter may be changed using

the “UP” and “DOWN” buttons. After the desired value is reached press “SET”

to set the parameter to the new value. Pressing “EXIT” causes the parameter to

be skipped ignoring any changes that may have been made.

7.6.1.1

This probe parameter refers to the resistance of the control probe at 0°C. The

value of this parameter is set at the factory for best instrument accuracy.

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9140 Dry-well Calibrator

User’s Guide

7.6.1.2

7.6.1.3

ALPHA

This probe parameter refers to the average sensitivity of the probe between 0

and 100°C. The value of this parameter is set at the factory for best instrument

accuracy.

DELTA

This probe parameter characterizes the curvature of the resistance-temperature

relationship of the sensor. The value of this parameter is set at the factory for

best instrument accuracy.

7.7

7.8

Operating Parameters

The operating parameters menu is indicated by,

Operating parameters menu

PAr

The operating parameters menu contains NOTHING AT PRESENT.

Serial Interface Parameters

The serial RS-232 interface parameters menu is indicated by,

Serial RS-232 interface parameters menu

SErIAL

Press “UP” to enter the menu. The serial interface parameters menu contains

parameters which determine the operation of the serial interface. These controls

only apply to instruments fitted with the serial interface. The parameters in the

menu are — baud rate, sample period, duplex mode, and linefeed.

7.8.0.1

Baud Rate

The baud rate is the first parameter in the menu. The baud rate setting deter-

mines the serial communications transmission rate.

The baud rate parameter is indicated by,

bAUd

Serial baud rate parameter

Press “SET” to choose to set the baud rate. The current baud rate value will

then be displayed.

Current baud rate

2400 b

The baud rate of the serial communications may be programmed to 300, 600,

1200, 2400, 4800, or 9600 baud. The default factory setting is 2400 baud. Use

“UP” or “DOWN” to change the BAUD rate value.

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7 Controller Operation

Serial Interface Parameters

New baud rate

4800 b

Press “SET” to set the baud rate to the new value or “EXIT” to abort the opera-

tion and skip to the next parameter in the menu.

7.8.1

Sample Period

The sample period is the next parameter in the serial interface parameter menu.

The sample period is the time period in seconds between temperature measure-

ments transmitted from the serial interface. If the sample rate is set to 5, the in-

strument transmits the current measurement over the serial interface

approximately every five seconds. The automatic sampling is disabled with a

sample period of 0. The sample period is indicated by,

Serial sample period parameter

SPEr

Press “SET” to choose to set the sample period. The current sample period

value will be displayed.

Current sample period (seconds)

SP= 1

Adjust the value with “UP” or “DOWN” and then use “SET” to set the sample

rate to the displayed value. Press “EXIT” to continue without changes.

New sample period

SP= 60

7.8.1.1

Duplex Mode

The next parameter is the duplex mode. The duplex mode may be set to full du-

plex or half duplex. With full duplex any commands received by the calibrator

via the serial interface are immediately echoed or transmitted back to the device

of origin. With half duplex the commands are executed but not echoed. The du-

plex mode parameter is indicated by,

Serial duplex mode parameter

Press “SET” to access the mode setting.

dUPL

Current duplex mode setting

d=FULL

The mode may be changed using “UP” or “DOWN” and pressing “SET”.

New duplex mode setting

d=HALF

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9140 Dry-well Calibrator

User’s Guide

7.8.1.2

Linefeed

The final parameter in the serial interface menu is the linefeed mode. This pa-

rameter enables (on) or disables (off) transmission of a linefeed character (LF,

ASCII 10) after transmission of any carriage-return. The linefeed parameter is

indicated by,

Serial linefeed parameter

Press “SET” to access the linefeed parameter.

Current linefeed setting

The mode may be changed using “UP” or “DOWN” and pressing “SET”.

New linefeed setting

LF= On

LF= OFF

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8 Digital Communication Interface

Serial Communications

Digital Communication Interface

The dry-well calibrator is capable of communicating with and being controlled

by other equipment through the digital serial interface.

With a digital interface the instrument may be connected to a computer or other

equipment. This allows the user to set the set-point temperature, monitor the

temperature, and access any of the other controller functions, all using remote

communications equipment. Communications commands are summarized in

Table 2 on page 36.

8.1

Serial Communications

The calibrator is installed with an RS-232 serial interface that allows serial dig-

ital communications over fairly long distances. With the serial interface the user

may access any of the functions, parameters and settings discussed in Section 7

with the exception of the BAUD rate setting.

8.1.1

Wiring

The serial communications cable attaches to the calibrator through the D-9 con-

nector at the back of the instrument. Figure 6 shows the pin-out of this connec-

tor and suggested cable wiring. The serial cable should be shielded. If the unit

is used in a heavy industrial setting

the shielded cable must be limited to

ONE meter.

8.1.2

Setup

Before operation the serial interface

must first be set up by programming

the BAUD rate and other configura-

tion parameters. These parameters are

programmed within the serial inter-

face menu. The serial interface pa-

rameters menu is outlined in Figure 4

on page 22.

To enter the serial parameter program-

ming mode first press “EXIT” while

pressing “SET” and release to enter

the secondary menu. Press “SET” re-

peatedly until the display reads

“CAL”. Press “UP” until the serial in-

terface menu is indicated with “SE-

rIAL”. Finally press “SET” to enter

the serial parameter menu. In the se-

Figure 6 Serial Cable Wiring

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9140 Dry-well Calibrator

User’s Guide

rial interface parameters menu are the BAUD rate, the sample rate, the duplex

mode, and the linefeed parameter.

8.1.2.1

8.1.2.2

8.1.2.3

Baud Rate

The baud rate is the first parameter in the menu. The display will prompt with

the baud rate parameter by showing “BAUd”. Press “SET” to choose to set the

baud rate. The current baud rate value will then be displayed. The baud rate of

the 9140 serial communications may be programmed to 300, 600, 1200, 2400,

4800, or 9600 baud. The baud rate is pre-programmed to 1200 baud. Use “UP”

or “DOWN” to change the baud rate value. Press “SET” to set the baud rate to

the new value or “EXIT” to abort the operation and skip to the next parameter

in the menu.

Sample Period

The sample period is the next parameter in the menu and prompted with

“SPEr”. The sample period is the time period in seconds between temperature

measurements transmitted from the serial interface. If the sample rate is set to 5

for instance then the instrument will transmit the current measurement over the

serial interface approximately every five seconds. The automatic sampling is

disabled with a sample period of 0. Press “SET” to choose to set the sample pe-

riod. Adjust the period with “UP” or “DOWN” and then use “SET” to set the

sample rate to the displayed value.

Duplex Mode

The next parameter is the duplex mode indicated with “dUPL”. The duplex

mode may be set to half duplex (“HALF”) or full duplex (“FULL”). With full

duplex any commands received by the thermometer via the serial interface are

immediately echoed or transmitted back to the device of origin. With half du-

plex the commands are executed but not echoed. The default setting is full du-

plex. The mode may be changed using “UP” or “DOWN” and pressing “SET”.

8.1.2.4

Linefeed

The final parameter in the serial interface menu is the linefeed mode. This pa-

rameter enables (“On”) or disables (“OFF”) transmission of a linefeed charac-

ter (LF, ASCII 10) after transmission of any carriage-return. The default setting

is with linefeed on. The mode may be changed using “UP” or “DOWN” and

pressing “SET”.

8.1.3

Serial Operation

Once the cable has been attached and the interface set up properly the control-

ler immediately begins transmitting temperature readings at the programmed

rate. The serial communications uses 8 data bits, one stop bit, and no parity.

The set-point and other commands may be sent via the serial interface to set the

temperature set-point and view or program the various parameters. The inter-

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8 Digital Communication Interface

Interface Commands

face commands are discussed in Section. All commands are ASCII character

strings terminated with a carriage-return character (CR, ASCII 13).

8.2

Interface Commands

The various commands for accessing the calibrator functions via the digital in-

terfaces are listed in this section (see Table 2). These commands are used with

the RS-232 serial interface. The commands are terminated with a carriage-re-

turn character. The interface makes no distinction between upper and lower

case letters, hence either may be used. Commands may be abbreviated to the

minimum number of letters which determines a unique command. A command

may be used to either set a parameter or display a parameter depending on

whether or not a value is sent with the command following a “=” character. For

example “s”<CR> returns the current set-point and “s=150.0”<CR> sets the

set-point to 150.0 degrees.

In the following list of commands, characters or data within brackets, “[” and

“]”, are optional for the command. A slash, “/”, denotes alternate characters or

data. Numeric data, denoted by “n”, may be entered in decimal or exponential

notation. Characters are shown in lower case although upper case may be used.

Spaces may be added within command strings and will simply be ignored.

Backspace (BS, ASCII 8) may be used to erase the previous character. A termi-

nating CR is implied with all commands.

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9140 Dry-well Calibrator

User’s Guide

Table 2 9140 controller communications commands

Command

Format

Command

Example

Returned

Example

Acceptable

Values

Command Description

Display Temperature

Read current set-point

Set current set-point to n

Returned

s[etpoint]

set: 9999.99 {C or F}

set: 150.00 C

s[etpoint]=n

s=350

Instrument

Range

Read temperature

t[emperature]

u[nits]

t: 9999.9 {C or F}

u: x

t: 55.6 C

u: C

Read temperature units

Set temperature units:

Set temperature units to Celsius

C or F

u[nits]=c/f

u[nits]=c

u=c

u=f

Set temperature units to

Fahrenheit

u[nits]=f

Read scan mode

Set scan mode

Read scan rate

Set scan rate

Read hold

sc[an]

sc: {ON or OFF}

srat: 99.9 C/min

sc: ON

sc[an]=on/off

sr[ate]

sc=on

ON or OFF

.1 to 99.9

srat:12.4 C/min

sr[ate]=n

ho[ld]

sr=1.1

ho: open/closed, 99.9 {C ho: open,

or F}

30.5 C

Secondary Menu

Read proportional band setting

Set proportional band to n

pr[op-band]

pb: 999.9

pb: 15.9

pr[op-band]=n

pr=8.83

Depends on

Configuration

Read heater power

(duty cycle)

po[wer]

po: 999.9

po: 6.5

Configuration Menu

Calibration Menu

Read R0 calibration parameter

r[0]

r0: 999.999

al: 9.999999

r0: 100.7

Set R0 calibration parameter to n r[0]=n

r=100.7

97.0 to 105

.002 to .006

Read ALPHA calibration

parameter

a[lpha]

al: 0.003865

Set ALPHA calibration parameter a[lpha]=n

to n

al=0.003865

Read DELTA calibration

parameter

d[elta]

de: 1.50

Read DELTA calibration

parameter

d[elta]=n

de=1.37

de: 9.9999

sa: 9

0–3.0000

Operating Parameters Menu

Serial Interface Menu

Read serial sample setting

sa[mple]

sa: 1

Set serial sampling setting to n

seconds

sa[mple]=n

sa=0

0 to 999

FULL or HALF

Set serial duplex mode:

du[plex]=f[ull]/h[alf]

du[plex]=f[ull]

Set serial duplex mode to full

Set serial duplex mode to half

du=f

du[plex]=h[alf]

du=h

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8 Digital Communication Interface

Interface Commands

Table 3 9140 controller communications commands continued

Command

Format

Command

Example

Returned

Example

Acceptable

Values

Command Description

Returned

ON or OFF

Set serial linefeed mode:

lf[eed]=on/of[f]

lf[eed]=on

Set serial linefeed mode to on

Set serial linefeed mode to off

Miscellaneous Other Commands

Read firmware version number

Read structure of all commands

lf=on

lf=of

lf[eed]=of[f]

*ver[sion]

h[elp]

*ver

ver.9999,9.99

ver.9140,1.21

list of commands

list of parameters

Read ALL operating parameters all

all

Legend:

[] Optional Command data

{} Returns either information

n Numeric data supplied by user

9 Numeric data returned to user

x Character data returned to user

Note:

When DUPLEX is set to FULL and a command is sent to READ, the command is returned followed by a

carriage return and linefeed. Then the value is returned as indicated in the RETURNED column.

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9 Test Probe Calibration

Comparison Methods

Test Probe Calibration

For optimum accuracy and stability, allow the calibrator to warm up for 10

minutes after power-up and then allow adequate stabilization time after reach-

ing the set-point temperature. After completing operation of the calibrator, al-

low the well to cool by setting the temperature to 100°C for one-half hour

before switching the power off.

9.1

Comparison Methods

For information on automating your testing, contact Hart Scientific.

9.1.1

Calibrating a Single Probe

Insert the probe to be calibrated into the well of the dry-well calibrator. The

probe should fit snugly into the calibrator probe sleeve yet should not be so

tight that it cannot be easily removed. Avoid any dirt or grit that may cause the

probe to jam into the sleeve. Best results are obtained with the probe inserted to

the full depth of the well. Once the probe is inserted into the well, allow ade-

quate stabilization time to allow the test probe temperature to settle as de-

scribed above. Once the probe has settled to the temperature of the well, it may

be compared to the calibrator display temperature. The display temperature

should be stable to within 0.1°C degree for best results.

CAUTION: Never introduce any foreign material into the probe hole of

the insert. Fluids etc. can leak into the calibrator causing damage to the

calibrator or binding and damage to your probe.

9.1.2

Comparison Calibration

Comparison calibration involves testing a probe against a similar reference

probe. The advantage to this method is that better accuracy can be achieved

since errors due to dry-well inaccuracy, stem effect, and drift can be reduced.

After inserting the probes to be calibrated, allow sufficient time for the probes

to settle and the temperature of the dry-well to stabilize.

Both the reference probe and the probe under test should be the same size and

construction. Using probes with different lengths, diameters and materials will

have different stem effects causing an unknown temperature difference. All

dry-wells have horizontal and vertical gradients that change with temperature .

This is an unknown variable which can be factored out if probes are the same

type, length, diameter, and material. Probes should be inserted to the same

depth in the well.

The following procedure can be used to calibrate a probe against a reference

while eliminating error due to temperature gradients between wells.

1. Place the reference probe in one well.

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9140 Dry-well Calibrator

User’s Guide

2. Place the probe to be calibrated, the unit under test (UUT), in another

well.

3. With the reference inserted into one well and the probe under test in-

serted into a second well, make measurements of each.

4. Swap the locations of the reference probe and probe under test. Allow

plenty of time for thermal settling.

5. Make another set of measurements of the reference probe and the probe

under test.

6. Average the two measurements of the reference probe. Average the two

measurements of the probe under test. Averaging the two measurements

in this way eliminates error due to temperature gradients between the

two wells.

7. You may now compare the averaged measurement of the probe under

test with the averaged measurement of the reference probe.

For best results repeat the test several times at the same temperature and at dif-

ferent temperatures.

This method can be used with different types of probes but the user must deter-

mine the uncertainty of the measurement.

9.1.3

Calibration of Multiple Probes

Fully loading the calibrator with probes increases the time required for the tem-

perature to stabilize after inserting the probes. Be sure that the temperature has

stabilized before starting the calibration.

Multiple probes may be calibrated simultaneously using either the direct or

comparison calibration method. Stem effect will cause less error in the compar-

ison calibration method than with the direct calibration method.

9.2

Dry-well Characteristics

9.2.1

Vertical Gradient

There is a temperature gradient vertically in the test well. The heater has been

applied to the block in such a way as to compensate for nominal heat losses out

of the top of the dry-well and minimize vertical temperature gradients. How-

ever, actual heat losses will vary depending on the number and types of probes

inserted into the calibrator and the block temperature. For best results, insert

probes the full depth of well.

9.2.2

Heating and Cooling Rates

Figures 7 and 8 show typical heating cooling rates of the 9140 dry-well

calibrator.

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9 Test Probe Calibration

Dry-well Characteristics

WARNING: DO NOT remove inserts when heating or when the unit is

hot.

9.2.3

Stabilization and Accuracy

The stabilization time of the dry-well calibrator will depend on the conditions

and temperatures involved. Typically the test well will be stable to 0.1°C within

5 minutes of reaching the set-point temperature as indicated by the display. Ul-

350

300

250

200

150

100

Ambient

Time in Minutes

Figure 7 Typical Heating Rate

350

300

250

200

150

100

Ambient

Time in Minutes

Figure 8 Typical Cooling Rate

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9140 Dry-well Calibrator

User’s Guide

timate stability will be achieved 10 to 20 minutes after reaching the set

temperature.

Inserting a cold probe into a well will require another period of stabilizing de-

pending on the magnitude of the disturbance and the required accuracy. For ex-

ample, inserting a .25 inch diameter room temperature probe into a sleeve at

300°C will take 5 minutes to be within 0.1°C of its settled point and will take

10 minutes to achieve maximum stability.

Speeding up the calibration process can be accomplished by knowing how soon

to make the measurement. It is recommended that typical measurements be

made at the desired temperatures with the desired test probes to establish these

times.

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10 Calibration Procedure

Calibration Points

Calibration Procedure

Sometimes the user may want to calibrate the dry-well to improve the tempera-

ture set-point accuracy. Calibration is done by adjusting the controller probe

calibration constants R0 , ALPHA, and DELTA so that the temperature of the

dry-well as measured with a standard thermometer agrees more closely with the

set-point. The thermometer used must be able to measure the well temperature

with higher accuracy than the desired accuracy of the dry-well. By using a

good thermometer and following this procedure the dry-well can be calibrated

to an accuracy of better than 0.5°C over its full range.

10.1

Calibration Points

In calibrating the dry-well, R0, ALPHA, and DELTA are adjusted to minimize

the set-point error at each of three different dry-well temperatures. Any three

reasonably separated temperatures may be used for the calibration. Improved

results can be obtained for shorter ranges when using temperatures that are just

within the most useful operating range of the dry-well. The farther apart the

calibration temperatures, the larger will be the calibrated temperature range but

the calibration error will also be greater over the range. If for instance 150°C to

350°C is chosen as the calibration range then the calibrator may achieve an ac-

curacy of say 0.3°C over the range 150 to 350°C. Choosing a range of 200°C

to 300°C may allow the calibrator to have a better accuracy of maybe 0.2°C

over the range 175 to 325°C but outside that range the accuracy may be only

0.5°C.

10.2

Calibration Procedure

1. Choose three set points to use in the calibration of the R0, ALPHA, and

DELTA parameters. These set points are generally 50.0°C, 200°C, and 350.0°C

but other set points may be used if desired or necessary.

2. Set the dry-well to the low set-point. When the dry-well reaches the

set-point and the display is stable, wait 15 minutes or so and then take a reading

from the thermometer. Sample the set-point resistance by holding down the

SET key and pressing the DOWN key. Write these values down as T₁and R₁

respectively.

3. Repeat step 2 for the other two set points recording them as T₂and R₂and T₃

and R₃respectively.

4. Using the recorded data, calculate new values for the R₀, ALPHA, and

DELTA parameters using the equations given below:

10.2.1

Compute DELTA:

A = T − T

B = T − T

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9140 Dry-well Calibrator

User’s Guide

⎡

⎢

⎤⎡

⎤

⎡

⎢

⎤⎡

⎤

C =

1 −

−

1 −

⎥⎢

⎦⎣

⎥

⎦

⎥⎢

⎦⎣

⎥

⎦

100

⎣

⎡

⎢

⎤⎡

⎤

⎡

⎢

⎤⎡

⎤

D =

1 −

⎥⎢

⎥

⎦

⎥⎢

⎥

⎦

100

⎣

⎦⎣

⎣

⎦⎣

E = R₃− R₂

F = R₂− R₁

AF − BE

DE −CF

delta =

_1-3- Measured temperature using thermometer.

_1-3- Value of set-point resistance from display of 9140. (Press SET and

DOWN at the same time.)

where

T₁and R₁are the measured temperature and resistance at 50.0 °C

T₂and R₂are the measured temperature and resistance at 200.0 °C

T₃and R₃are the measured temperature and resistance at 350.0 °C

10.2.2

Compute R₀& ALPHA:

⎡

⎣

⎤⎡

⎤

a₁= T + delta

1 −

⎢

⎥⎢

⎦⎣

⎥

⎦

100

⎡

⎢

⎤⎡

⎦⎣

⎤

a₃= T + delta

1 −

⎥⎢

⎥

⎦

100

⎣

R₃a₁− R₁a₃

a₁− a₃

rzero =

alpha =

R₁− R₃

R₃a₁− R₁a₃

delta is the new value of DELTA computed above

5. Program the new values for DELTA (delta), R₀(rzero) & ALPHA (alpha)

into the dry-well using the following steps.

a. Press the SET and EXIT keys at the same time and then press SET until

R0 is displayed.

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10 Calibration Procedure

Calibration Procedure

b. Press SET then use the UP or DOWN keys until the correct numerical

setting is displayed. Press SET to accept the new value.

c. Repeat step b. for ALPHA and DELTA.

10.2.3

Accuracy & Repeatability

1. Check the accuracy of the dry-well at various points over the calibration

range.

2. If dry-well does not pass specification at all set-points, repeat Calibration

Procedure.

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11 Maintenance

Maintenance

• The calibration instrument has been designed with the utmost care. Ease

of operation and simplicity of maintenance have been a central theme in

the product development. Therefore, with proper care the instrument

should require very little maintenance. Avoid operating the instrument in

an oily, wet, dirty, or dusty environment.

• If the outside of the instrument becomes soiled, it may be wiped clean

with a damp cloth and mild detergent. Do not use harsh chemicals on the

surface which may damage the paint.

• It is important to keep the well of the calibrator clean and clear of any for-

eign matter. Do not use fluid to clean out the well.

• The dry-well calibrator should be handled with care. Avoid knocking or

dropping the calibrator.

• For dry-wells with removable probe sleeves, the sleeves can become cov-

ered with dust and carbon material. If the buildup becomes too thick, it

could cause the sleeves to become jammed in the wells. Avoid this build

up by periodically buffing the sleeves clean.

• If a sleeve should be dropped, examine the sleeve for deformities before

inserting it in the well. If there is any chance of jamming the sleeve in the

well, file or grind off the protuberance.

• Do not drop the probe stems into the well. This type of action can cause a

shock to the sensor.

• If a hazardous material is spilt on or inside the equipment, the user is re-

sponsible for taking the appropriate decontamination steps as outlined by

the national safety council with respect to the material.

• If the mains supply cord becomes damaged, replace it with a cord with

the appropriate gauge wire for the current of the instrument. If there are

any questions, call Hart Scientific Customer Service for more informa-

tion.

• Before using any cleaning or decontamination method except those rec-

ommended by Hart, users should check with Hart Scientific Customer

Service to be sure that the proposed method will not damage the equip-

ment.

• If the instrument is used in a manner not in accordance with the equip-

ment design, the operation of the dry-well may be impaired or safety haz-

ards may arise.

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12 Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting Problems, Possible Causes, and

Solutions

Troubleshooting

If problems arise while operating the 9140, this section provides some sugges-

tions that may help you solve the problem. A wiring diagram is also included.

12.1

Troubleshooting Problems, Possible Causes,

and Solutions

In the event that the instrument appears to function abnormally, this section

may help to find and solve the problem. Several possible problem conditions

are described along with likely causes and solutions. If a problem arises, please

read this section carefully and attempt to understand and solve the problem. If

the problem cannot otherwise be solved, contact a Hart Scientific Authorized

Service Center (see Section 1.3) for assistance. Be sure to have the model

number, serial number, voltage, and problem description available.

Problem

Possible Causes and Solutions

Incorrect tempera-

ture reading

Incorrect R0, ALPHA, and DELTA parameters. Find the value for R0, ALPHA, and

DELTA on the Report of Calibration. Reprogram the parameters into the instrument

(see Section , Calibration Parameters). Allow the instrument to stabilize and verify

the accuracy of the temperature reading.

Controller locked up. The controller may have locked up due to a power surge or

other aberration. Initialize the system by performing the Factory Reset Sequence.

Factory Reset Sequence. Hold the SET and EXIT buttons down at the same time

while powering up the instrument. The instrument displays shows ‘-init-‘, the model

number, and the firmware version. Each of the controller parameters and calibration

constants must be reprogrammed. The values can be found on the Report of

Calibration.

The instrument

heats or cools too

quickly or too

slowly

Incorrect scan and scan rate settings. The scan and scan rate settings may be

set to unwanted values. Check the Scan and Scan Rate settings. The scan may be

off (if the unit seems to be responding too quickly). The scan may be on with the

Scan Rate set low (if unit seems to be responding too slowly).

Improper line voltage. Verify that the voltage reading in the bottom of the unit

matches the source voltage.

Unstable display

Wait. Allow the instrument to stabilize for a few minutes.

Proportional band may be incorrect. Refer to the proportional band on the Report

of Calibration.

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9140 Dry-well Calibrator

User’s Guide

Problem

Possible Causes and Solutions

The display shows

an error code

Controller problem. The error messages signify the following problems with the

controller.

Err 1 - a RAM error

Err 2 - a NVRAM error

Err 3 - a Structure error

Err 4 - an ADC setup error

Err 5 - an ADC ready error

Err 6 – a defective control sensor

Err 7 – a heater error

Initialize the system by performing the Factory Reset Sequence describe above.

Temperature can-

not be set above a

certain point

Incorrect High Limit parameter. The High Limit parameter may be set below

125°C. Check this value as described in Section 7.7, Operating Parameters.

Display is reading

incorrectly

The instrument was turned off at high temperatures and reenergized too quickly.

Turn the instrument off until the display is completely off and then reenergize.

Display flickers

when the instru-

ment is turned off

This is normal operation and is more prevalent at high temperatures due to Seebeck

Coefficient of the thermoelectric cooling devices. Some time is required to fully dis-

charge the switching power supply and to complete the power off cycle.

The instrument

does not reach

temperature

The specifications for the instrument include an ambient temperature of 23°C. If the

ambient temperature is above 23°C, the instrument may not be able to reach the

lowest specified temperature. Check the ambient temperature if the instrument does

not reach maximum temperature.

12.2

CE Comments

12.2.1

EMC Directive

Hart Scientific's equipment has been tested to meet the European Electromag-

netic Compatibility Directive (EMC Directive, 89/336/EEC). The Declaration

of Conformity for your instrument lists the specific standards to which the unit

was tested.

12.2.2

Low Voltage Directive (Safety)

In order to,comply with the European Low Voltage Directive (73/23/EEC),

Hart Scientific equipment has been designed to meet the IEC 1010-1 (EN

61010-1) and IEC 1010-2-010 (EN 61010-2-010) standards.

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