Black Box Network Router LR1530A R3 User Manual
Series 500  
Frame Relay/ Leased Line  
Bridge/ Router  
User and System Administration Guide  
LR1530A-R3, LR1530A-EU-R3, LR1531A-R2, LR1535A-R2  
5500099-10 equivalent to  
5500086-12  
© copyright 2002 by Black Box Corporation.  
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INSTRUCCIONES DE SEGURIDAD  
(Normas Oficiales Mexicanas Electrical Safety Statement)  
1. Todas las instrucciones de seguridad y operación deberán ser leídas antes de que el  
aparato eléctrico sea operado.  
2. Las instrucciones de seguridad y operación deberán ser guardadas para referencia  
futura.  
3. Todas las advertencias en el aparato eléctrico y en sus instrucciones de operación  
deben ser respetadas.  
4. Todas las instrucciones de operación y uso deben ser seguidas.  
5. El aparato eléctrico no deberá ser usado cerca del agua—por ejemplo, cerca de la  
tina de baño, lavabo, sótano mojado o cerca de una alberca, etc.  
6. El aparato eléctrico debe ser usado únicamente con carritos o pedestales que sean  
recomendados por el fabricante.  
7. El aparato eléctrico debe ser montado a la pared o al techo sólo como sea  
recomendado por el fabricante.  
8. Servicio—El usuario no debe intentar dar servicio al equipo eléctrico más allá a lo  
descrito en las instrucciones de operación. Todo otro servicio deberá ser referido  
a personal de servicio calificado.  
9. El aparato eléctrico debe ser situado de tal manera que su posición no interfiera su  
uso. La colocación del aparato eléctrico sobre una cama, sofá, alfombra o  
superficie similar puede bloquea la ventilación, no se debe colocar en libreros o  
gabinetes que impidan el flujo de aire por los orificios de ventilación.  
10. El equipo eléctrico deber ser situado fuera del alcance de fuentes de calor como  
radiadores, registros de calor, estufas u otros aparatos (incluyendo amplificadores)  
que producen calor.  
11. El aparato electico deberá ser connectado a una fuente de poder sólo del tipo  
descrito en el instructivo de operación, o como se indique en el aparato.  
12. Precaución debe ser tomada de tal manera que la tierra fisica y la polarización del  
equipo no sea eliminada.  
13. Los cables de la fuente de poder deben ser guiados de tal manera que no sean  
pisados ni pellizcados por objectos colocados sobre o contra ellos, poniendo  
particular atención a los contactos y receptáculos donde salen del aparato.  
14. El equipo eléctrico debe ser limpiado únicamente de acuerdo  
recomendaciones del fabricante.  
a
las  
15. En caso de existir, una antena externa deberá ser localizada lejos de las lineas de  
energia.  
16. El cable de corriente deberá ser desconectado del cuando el equipo no sea usado  
por un largo periodo de tiempo.  
17. Cuidado debe ser tomado de tal manera que objectos liquidos no sean derramados  
sobre la cubierta u orificios de ventilación.  
18. Servicio por personal calificado devera ser provisto cuando:  
A: El cable de poder o el contacto ha sido dañado; u  
B: Objectos han caído o líquido ha sido derramado dentro del aparato; o  
C: El aparato ha sido expuesto a la lluvia; o  
D: El aparato parece no operar normalmente o muestra un cambio en su  
desempeño; o  
El aparato ha sido tirado o su cubierta ha sido dañada.  
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Using This Manual  
This Installation and Applications Guide provides the basic information  
required to initially set up and configure the router. This guide is organized  
into the following sections:  
“Installation” provides instructions for installing the router.  
“Typical Applications & How to Configure Them” provides  
simple configuration examples for typical applications in which the  
router might be used. The applications described in this document are  
for example only and provide a method of quick configuration of the  
router. For more complete information on all of the configuration  
parameters available, please refer to the PPP Menu Reference Manual  
on the accompanying CD-ROM.  
“Introduction to Filtering” provides an introduction to the pattern  
filtering options of the router. Several examples of typical pattern  
filters are also provided.  
”Menu Trees” provides a graphical tree type overview of the  
structure of the built-in menu system of the router. All of the  
configuration is performed using the options provided in the menu  
system. The Menu Tree is like an index to the menu options.  
“Configuration Pages” provides a place to note the current  
configuration of the router for future reference. If a replacement unit  
is required, the configuration may be quickly modified to be the same  
as the existing unit.  
“Octet Locations on Ethernet Frames” provides a graphical  
representation of the various common Ethernet frames that the router  
will bridge or route. When defining a pattern filter, these frame  
displays indicate the offset values to use in order to define the pattern  
filter correctly.  
“Servicing Information” provides information on opening the case  
and changing the straps.  
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Using the Electronic Reference Manual  
The router Reference Manuals are provided as Adobe Acrobat PDF  
files on the accompanying CD-ROM. The PPP Menus Reference File  
is provided individually for ease of configuration reference.  
The Adobe Acrobat Reader program is included on the CD-ROM. It is  
also available for most computer operating platforms from Adobe on  
the Internet at: www.adobe.com.  
The Reference Manual provides the following information:  
·
·
·
·
Introduction to bridging, routing, and router features  
Pin out references for the link modules  
List of event and alarm logs  
Expanded description of programmable filtering  
The router PPP Menus Reference Manual provides the following  
information:  
·
Complete description of the options for the built-in menu  
system.  
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Contents  
1 - INSTALLATION  
5
Unpack the router  
Select a Site  
5
5
Identify the Connectors  
Connect to the Console  
Make the LAN Connections  
Make the WAN Link Connection  
Power Up the router  
6
7
7
7
9
Login and Enter the Required Configuration  
Mandatory Configuration  
Setting the Link Interface Type (Universal WAN only)  
Setting the T1/E1Parameters (T1/ E1 WAN only)  
Identify the Status LEDs  
9
10  
11  
12  
15  
2 - TYPICAL APPLICATIONS & HOW TO CONFIGURE  
THEM  
17  
Managing the router Using Menus  
Conventions  
Basic Frame Relay Configuration  
Auto Learning the Frame Relay Configuration  
Manual Configuration - LMI Type  
“Quick Start” Frame Relay  
Basic Leased Line Configuration  
“Quick Start” PPP Leased Line Connections  
Should You Bridge or Route?  
Configure as an Ethernet Bridge  
Configure as an Ethernet IP router  
Define an IP Default Gateway  
Define an IP Static Route  
18  
19  
20  
22  
23  
24  
26  
26  
29  
30  
33  
35  
36  
37  
40  
40  
42  
44  
44  
45  
46  
48  
50  
52  
Define an IP Subnet Mask  
Configure as an Ethernet IPX router  
Novell Servers in Both Locations  
Novell Servers in One Location Only  
PPP Link Configuration Overview  
Numbered Links  
Unnumbered Links  
Configure Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol  
Configure Network Address Translation (NAT)  
Configure PPP Security  
Configure Firewall  
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3 - INTRODUCTION TO FILTERING  
57  
MAC Address Filtering  
Pattern Filtering  
Popular Filters  
57  
58  
61  
61  
61  
61  
61  
62  
62  
62  
62  
Bridge  
IP & Related Traffic  
Novell IPX Frames  
NetBIOS &NetBEUI (Microsoft Windows)  
Banyan  
IP router  
NetBIOS over TCP  
Other interesting TCP Ports  
APPENDIX A MENU TREES  
63  
APPENDIX B OCTET LOCATIONS ON ETHERNET  
FRAMES  
67  
Octet Locations on a Bridged TCP/ IP Frame  
Octet Locations on a Bridged Novell Netware Frame  
ETHERNET Type Codes  
Octet Locations on an IP Routed TCP/ IP Frame  
Octet Locations on an IPX Routed Novell Netware Frame  
Octet Locations on a Bridged XNS Frame  
68  
68  
69  
70  
70  
71  
APPENDIX C SERVICING INFORMATION  
73  
Opening the case  
Identifying the Internal Components  
Sanity Timer  
Force ZMODEM Software Load  
To Clear a “Lost” Password  
Connecting to the Console Connector  
WAN Interface Connection  
Pinout Information  
73  
74  
76  
76  
76  
77  
78  
78  
78  
78  
79  
80  
81  
83  
84  
85  
V.35 Module:  
CSU/ DSU Module:  
T1/ E1 Module:  
UNIVERSAL WAN Module:  
V.35 Link Pinouts  
RS232C / V.24 Link Pinouts  
RS530 / RS422 Link Pinouts  
V.11 / X.21 Link Pinouts  
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Contents  
V.11 / X.21 DB25 to DB15 Connector Cable  
V.35 Null-Modem Cable Configuration  
The link speed must be defined for each of the two units.  
RS232 / V.24 Null-Modem Cable  
86  
87  
87  
88  
89  
RS530 / RS422 Null-Modem Cable  
APPENDIX D SOFTWARE UPGRADES  
91  
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* * * *  
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1 - INSTALLATION  
The router is an Ethernet Bridge/ Router that provides bridging,  
IP/ IPX routing, and compression over a frame relay permanent virtual  
circuit or a PPP leased line circuit..  
The following instructions provide a quick set-up guide for installation  
of the router  
Unpack the unit  
Rough handling during shipment can damage electronic equipment. As  
you unpack the router, carefully check for signs of damage. If damage  
is suspected, contact the shipper. Save the box and all packing material  
to protect the router should it ever need to be moved or returned for  
service.  
Check the packing slip that identifies the components and the LAN  
connector. The connectors on the rear of the router provide all  
external connections to the router.  
Select a Site  
Place the router in a well-ventilated area. The site should maintain  
normal office temperature and humidity levels. Air vents located on  
the rear of the router must have an inch or so of clearance from any  
object. Units should not be stacked.  
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Installation  
Identify the Connectors  
Each unit is configured with both straight (MDI) and crossed over  
(MDI-X) 10BaseT LAN connectors; the router will auto-sense  
between the two. Only one connector may be used at a time.  
The router is produced with four different WAN interface modules:  
V.35, CSU-DSU, Universal WAN or T1/ E1. The type of module in a  
unit may be determined by looking at the label over the WAN  
connector on the back panel.  
CSU-DSU  
Figure 1 - 1 Rear View of the CSU-DSU router  
UNIVERSAL WAN  
Figure 1 - 2 Rear View of the Universal WAN router  
V.35  
Figure 1 - 3 Rear View of the V.35 router  
T1/E1  
Figure 1 - 4 Rear View of the T1/ E1 router  
6
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Installation  
Connect to the Console  
Connection to the router operator’s console is made through the RJ-45  
connector labeled CONSOLE on the back of the router. A RJ-45  
cable and RJ-45 to DB9 (female) converter are provided for connection  
to a DB9 (male) connector.  
Connect the console port of the router to a computer running an  
asynchronous communication package or a standard asynchronous  
terminal. The router supports autobaud rates at 1200, 2400, 9600 or  
19,200 bps. The router is managed through the use of “hotkey” Menus.  
Appendix C provides the pinout information for the console connector  
and the DB9 to RJ45 converter.  
Make the LAN Connections  
Connect the router to the LAN with the available LAN interface cable.  
The router may be connected directly to a wiring hub or Ethernet  
switch by using the MDI LAN port and a standard 10BaseT cable.  
The router may be connected directly to a computer network card by  
using the MDI-X LAN port and a standard 10BaseT cable.  
Make the WAN Link Connection  
The Universal WAN module may be selected to operate as a V.11,  
V.35, RS232, or EIA530 interface. The Universal WAN interface  
module uses a DB25 connector. Be sure to secure the cable connector  
to the router and the communications equipment with connector  
screws to prevent accidental disconnection.  
WARNING: ensure that the connector cable used with the Universal  
interface module has the correct pinouts for the operational mode  
selected for the interface (V.11, V.35, RS232, or EIA530). Using the  
incorrect cable connector for the operational mode selected may cause  
permanent damage to the interface module. Please see Appendix D for  
pinout assignments.  
Note: When the router is initially powered up, the Universal WAN  
will have the default type of “none”. Before the link can be used, it  
7
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Installation  
must be configured to the type of connection service that will be used;  
please see the following section for this procedure.  
The V.35 module and Universal WAN module in V.35 mode require  
interface converters that convert from a DB25 connector to a male 34  
pin (V.35) connector used for the V.35 service interface. Be sure to  
secure the cable connector to the router and the communications  
equipment with connector screws to prevent accidental disconnection.  
The T1/ E1 and LX411 CSU-DSU interfaces connect with a standard  
RJ-45 (RJ-48C specification for T1/ E1, RJ-48S specification for  
CSU/ DSU) connector  
After the router is powered up and the router has established  
communications with its partner across the WAN, the “Tx” LED will  
turn green.  
8
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Installation  
Power Up the router  
Once the LAN and Link connections are made and the console is  
connected to a terminal, you are ready to power-up the router.  
Connect the DC power cord from the supplied power supply to the  
back of the router and plug the power supply into the AC wall outlet.  
Observe the LEDs as the router powers up. The LEDs will go  
through a flashing pattern as the power-up diagnostics are performed.  
After the power-up diagnostics are finished, the Power LED will go  
from red to green.  
The console will also display testing and initialization messages as it  
performs these tasks (if this is the first time the router has been  
powered up on this console, the display may be unreadable until the  
next step is performed).  
Enter at least one [RETURN] (up to three if necessary) in order for the  
router to determine the baud rate of the terminal used for the console  
(i.e., autobaud). The following information will now be seen on the  
console connected to the router :  
Terminals supported:  
ansi, avt, ibm3101, qvt109, qvt102, qvt119,  
tvi925, tvi950, vt52, vt100, wyse-50, wyse-vp,  
teletype  
Enter terminal type:  
Select the terminal type being used if listed and enter its name (in lower  
case) at the prompt, or choose the terminal type teletype if your  
terminal is not listed. This terminal type operates in scroll mode and  
may be used successfully until a custom terminal definition is created.  
Login and Enter the Required Configuration  
At the login screen type a 1 and the default password to enter the menu  
system of the router. The default password is BRIDGE (case  
sensitive) and should be changed if security is desired.  
With the options of the built-in menu system, the router may be  
configured to operate within your environment.  
Refer to the router PPP Menus Reference Manual file on the  
accompanying CD-ROM for a complete description of all the Menu  
Options.  
9
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Installation  
Mandatory Configuration  
The router requires a minimum amount of mandatory configuration in  
order to operate. The following table identifies the configuration  
parameters that must be defined for proper operation under the  
operational states shown in the table.  
Mandatory Configuration  
Bridge  
IP Router  
IPX Router  
None  
none  
IP Address  
IP Routing  
IP Forwarding  
Frame Relay  
PPP Leased Line  
None  
Frame Relay  
Disabled  
Remote Site Profile  
The configuration options required for proper initial operation are  
described in Section 2: Typical Applications and How to Configure  
Them.  
Refer to Section 2 for details on configuring the router. Also refer to  
the Menu Reference Manual file on the accompanying CD-ROM for a  
complete description of all the Menu Options.  
Other options may be changed depending upon specific installation  
configurations. Refer to the menu tree in Appendix A for a reference  
of the menu structure and options.  
10  
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Installation  
Setting the Link Interface Type  
(Universal WAN only)  
The Universal WAN Interface must be configured to match the service  
to which it will be connected.  
WARNING: ensure that the connector cable used with the Universal  
interface module has the correct pinouts for the operational mode  
selected for the interface (V.11/ X.21, V.35, RS232/ V.24, or  
RS530/ RS422). Using the incorrect cable connector for the operational  
mode selected may cause permanent damage to the interface module.  
Please see Appendix D for pinout assignments.  
Set Link Interface Type:  
Location: Main  
7
Ä Configuration  
Ä WAN Set Up  
Ä Link Set Up  
Ä Link Interface Type  
Select the Service type to which this router will be  
connected.  
Note: If the module is being changed from one type of service to  
another, you must first select “none” before a new selection  
may be chosen. Also the link must be toggled through a  
disable/ enable cycle before the change is brought into effect.  
11  
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Installation  
Setting the T1/E1Parameters  
(T1/ E1 WAN only)  
The parameters requred for a T1 or E1 connection may be obtained  
from your service provider. These may then be entered via the T1/ E1  
set-up menu to configure the router for that service.  
T1/ E1 Selection:  
Location: Main  
7
Ä Configuration  
Ä WAN Set Up  
Ä Link Set Up  
Ä T1/ E1 Set Up  
Ä Link mode  
T1 or E1  
Set the service mode to which this router will be connected.  
Service parameters:  
Location: Main  
Ä Configuration  
Ä WAN Set Up  
Ä Link Set Up  
7
Ä T1/ E1 Set Up  
Ä Speed/ Channel rate  
56/ 64 kbps  
Ä T1/ E1framing  
framed/ unframed/ SF/ ESF  
Ä Line encoding  
AMI/ INV_AMI/  
B8ZS/ HDB3  
Select the service channel speed, framing format, and encoding  
as designated by the service provider.  
T1 service requires the specification of a Line Build Out factor. This  
parameter modifies the transmitted signal to compensate for  
degradation due to line losses between the transmitter and receiver. A  
number of different options are available to meet standards for T1 long  
haul (direct connection to service providers central office facility), T1  
short haul (connection through a local PBX), AT&T TR64211  
specification long haul and AT&T TR64211 short haul. Your service  
provider will tell you which specification their service requires. Short  
12  
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Installation  
haul LBOs are listed as the length of the cable run (in feet) between the  
router and the local exchange.  
E1 service does not require line build out selection.  
Set Link Interface Type:  
Location: Main  
Ä Configuration  
Ä WAN Set Up  
Ä Link Set Up  
Ä T1/ E1 Set Up  
Ä LBO  
7
as specifed  
T1 long-haul LBOs: L0db, L7.5db, L15db, L22.5db  
Short haul LBOs: S0to110ft, S110to220ft, S220to330ft,  
S330to440ft, S440to550ft, S550to660ft  
AT&T standard TR64211long-haul connection: TL0db  
AT&T standard TR64211 short-haul connection: TS0to110ft,  
TS110to220ft, TS220to330ft, TS330to440ft, TS440to550ft,  
TS550to660ft  
If fractional T1/ E1 service is being provided, you will need to specify  
the channels/ timeslots to be used.  
Set Link Interface Type:  
Location: Main  
Ä Configuration  
Ä WAN Set Up  
Ä Link Set Up  
Ä T1/ E1 Set Up  
Ä Slot/ Channel Set Up  
Ä Start  
7
first channel  
Ä Number  
number of channels  
13  
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Installation  
Some E1 service providers reserve timeslot 16 for network  
management use. If your service specifies that timeslot 16 is for their  
use, toggle this option to reserved  
Set Link Interface Type:  
Location: Main  
Ä Configuration  
Ä WAN Set Up  
Ä Link Set Up  
7
Ä T1/ E1 Set Up  
Ä Slot/ Channel Set Up  
Ä E1 Timeslot 16  
reserved  
14  
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Installation  
Identify the Status LEDs  
The meanings of the four 3-colour Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) on  
the front of the router are found in the following chart:  
Router is running and has passed power-up diagnostics  
Router is in BOOT mode and is programming the flash  
Router is powered up but has failed power-up diagnostics  
Router is decompressing the software into the RAM  
Router is in BOOT mode  
Green  
Green (flashing)  
Red  
Yellow  
Yellow (flashing)  
Power  
Green  
Red  
Yellow  
LAN is connected and forwarding  
Router is NOT connected to the LAN  
LAN is connected and NOT forwarding: i.e. Listening,  
Learning, or Blocking  
LAN  
Green  
Green (flashing)  
Yellow  
LINK is up, idle  
LINK is up transmitting data traffic  
LINK negotiating - control signals asserted on link  
LINK is down (no control signals present)  
Red  
Tx  
Green  
Green (flashing)  
Yellow  
LINK is up, idle  
LINK is up receiving data traffic  
LINK negotiating - control signals received from link  
LINK is down (no control signals present)  
Red  
Rx  
15  
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Installation  
Tx  
Rx  
Power  
Figure 1-4 Front View of the router  
16  
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2 - TYPICAL APPLICATIONS &  
HOW TO CONFIGURE THEM  
The router is an Ethernet Bridge/ Router that supports frame relay  
RAW 1490 permanent virtual circuits, frame relay encapsulated PPP  
permanent virtual circuits and PPP leased lines. This section will  
describe how to set up the router using each of its networking  
functions.  
The router may be configured as a simple Ethernet bridge, an Ethernet  
IP router, an Ethernet IPX router, or a combination of the three.  
When operating the router as a combination bridge/ router simply  
configures each of the components separately.  
The configuration options described within this section are only for initial  
set up and configuration purposes. For more information on all of the  
configuration parameters available, please refer to the router PPP Menus  
Reference Manual file on the accompanying CD-ROM.  
Important:  
The router uses FLASH memory to store the  
configuration information. Configuration settings are  
stored to FLASH memory after there has been 30 seconds  
of idle time. Idle time is when there is no selection or  
modification of the values in the built-in menu system. If  
you wish to save the configuration immediately, enter  
“=” to jump to the main menu, then select option “6” to  
save the configuration.  
17  
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Applications  
Managing the router Using Menus  
This section describes the minimum configuration parameters required  
when setting up the router. Each of the configuration scenarios  
requires setting of operational parameters on the router. The built-in  
menu system of the router is used to configure the unit.  
When navigating around the menu system, a new menu or an option  
may be chosen by simply typing the number associated with the option  
that you wish to choose. The menu system operates on a “hotkey”  
principal. Each menu option may be chosen by simply typing the  
number associated with that option. The router will accept the choice  
and act on it immediately.  
The menu system consists of different menu levels each containing  
new configuration options. Navigation back out of a nested menu is  
easily accomplished by pressing the tab key. The tab key takes you to  
the previous menu level. If you wish to move from your current menu  
location directly to the main menu simply press the equals “=” key.  
When choosing menu options that will toggle between values, simply  
pressing the number associated with that option will cause the options  
value to change. Each successive selection of the option will cause the  
options value to change.  
Some menu options require input from the operator. When selecting  
an option that requires a value, the menu system will display the range  
of values acceptable and a prompt symbol “>”. Simply enter the new  
value at the prompt symbol and press enter. Should you make an error  
in entering the new value, the [BACKSPACE] key (for most terminals)  
deletes the most recently entered characters.  
18  
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Applications  
Conventions  
Throughout this section, router menu options are shown that are  
required for the various configuration choices. The appropriate menu  
options are shown in each instance in the following format:  
Configuration Option Name  
Location: Main  
7
Ä Sub-Menu Name  
Ä Sub-Menu Name  
Ä Option Name  
The configuration option is shown as well as the  
options location within the menu system. The Ä  
character indicates that a sub-menu level must be  
chosen. The option name is finally shown in italics.  
The keyboard graphic in the left margin indicates  
that this is information that the user will have to  
enter for configuration.  
The note icon is used to provide miscellaneous information on the  
configuration and set up of the router.  
Configuration:  
The Configuration Note is used to indicate that there may  
be another configuration item that is effected by changing this  
option.  
The information icon is used to indicate that more information is available  
on this subject. The information is usually located within another  
document as specified.  
The caution icon indicates that caution should be taken when performing  
this task.  
19  
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Applications  
Basic Frame Relay Configuration  
North American routers are configured to have frame relay enabled as  
the default setting. With frame relay enabled, the router will  
communicate over WAN connections to other frame relay units via  
frame relay Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVC). From 1 to 40 PVC’s  
may be defined to connect to other frame relay units. Before the  
router can establish a PVC connection to another frame relay router, at  
least one PVC must be defined. The router is pre-configured to query  
the frame relay service to auto-learn the required parameters; they may  
also be set manually.  
The DLCI (Data Link Connection Identifier) number for the PVC is  
assigned by the frame relay service provider. The PVC must be defined  
on the physical link on the router. Refer to the following diagram that  
shows three router units connected together with a PVC being  
configured on each unit. The configuration of the PVCs within the  
frame relay cloud is controlled by the frame relay service provider.  
DLCI numbers  
assigned for these  
PVCs from the  
frame relay provider.  
51  
52  
Frame Relay PVC  
WAN connections  
55  
Figure 2 - 1 Frame Relay configuration  
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Configuration: The default configuration for routers shipped outside  
North American is to have frame relay disabled. To run frame relay on  
these  
routers,  
it  
must  
first  
be  
enabled  
7
Frame Relay enable  
Location: Main  
Ä Configuration  
Ä WAN Set up  
Ä Link Set up  
Ä Frame Relay  
enabled  
The router will request confirmation of the change, enter  
“yes”.  
For an router with a CSU-DSU interface, the default clock speed that  
the router will expect to receive from the DCE link is 64Kbps. If the  
DCE link is 56 Kbps, then the Link Speed value must be reset to 56  
here.  
7
Link Speed  
Location: Main  
Ä Configuration  
Ä WAN Set up  
Ä Link Set up  
Ä Link Speed  
56  
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Auto Learning the Frame Relay Configuration  
The router is pre-configured to query the frame relay service to auto-  
learn the LMI type and the PVC DLCI numbers. This auto-learn  
function allows the router to be plugged into the frame relay service  
and auto-learn the PVC configuration to become operational without  
further manual configuration.  
Manual configuration is also allowed by modifying the options within  
each Remote Site Profile and the individual link configuration menus.  
When the router first starts up it will query the frame relay service to  
try to determine the LMI type. Once the LMI type is determined, the  
PVC configurations will be known from the full status enquiry  
messages. If the DLCI numbers of the PVC’s on your service are  
determined during this learning process, the router will automatically  
create a remote site profile for each PVC. The automatically created  
remote site profiles will be named “LinkxDLCIyyy” where x is the  
physical link number the PVC is on and yyy is the DLCI of the PVC.  
If during this learning process the maximum number of remote sites (40)  
has been reached, the router will prompt you that there are no remote  
sites available. A new remote site cannot be auto-created unless one of the  
existing remote sites is manually deleted.  
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Manual Configuration - LMI Type  
The LMI Type option allows you to manually specify the type of Link  
Management Interface in use by the Frame Relay service provider for  
the Frame Relay service.  
When the LMI type is set to none, the router simply creates frame  
relay packets and sends them on the defined PVC’s. The links are not  
checked for errors. There is no congestion control checking. The link  
is only monitored for control signals.  
To manually configure the LMI type the Auto-Learning option must be  
disabled.  
7
Auto-Learning  
Location: Main  
Ä Configuration  
Ä WAN Set up  
Ä Link Set up  
Ä Frame Relay Set up  
Ä Auto-learning  
enabled  
7
LMI Type  
Location: Main  
Ä Configuration  
Ä WAN Set up  
Ä Link Set up  
Ä Frame Relay Set up  
Ä LMI Type  
The configuration options described here are only for initial set up  
and configuration purposes. For more complete information on  
all of the configuration parameters available please refer to the  
router PPP Menus Reference Manual file on the accompanying  
CD-ROM.  
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“Quick Start” Frame Relay  
Since the router auto-learns the frame relay configuration, only a  
couple of parameters need to be configured before the unit is fully  
operational as an IP router for frame relay.  
Upon initial start up, the router is pre-configured to query the frame  
relay service to auto-learn the LMI type and the PVC DLCI numbers.  
The router will then automatically create a remote site profile for each  
PVC.  
Within each of the remote site profiles automatically created Bridging,  
IP routing, and IPX routing are all set to “enabled”. Because each of  
these options are enabled by default and the automatically created  
remote site profiles will establish a PVC connection to the remote site  
routers, the router will bridge and IPX route data without any user  
configuration. Because an IP router requires an IP address, the router  
must be configured with an IP address before IP routing is fully  
operational.  
To configure an IP address for the router, use the IP address option.  
7
IP Address  
Location: Main  
Ä Configuration  
Ä LAN Set-up  
Ä LAN IP Set-up  
Ä IP Address / Subnet mask size  
If security is required for the PVC connection refer to the Configure  
PPP Security section for information on setting the security passwords  
and user names for PPP.  
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By default, PPP is disabled for each of the newly created remote site  
profiles. If PPP encapsulation is desired, for example to use security,  
the PPP encapsulation option should be set to “enabled”. By default,  
when PPP encapsulation is enabled multilink is also enabled.  
7
PPP Encapsulation  
Location: Main  
Ä Configuration  
Ä WAN Set-Up  
Ä Remote Site Set-Up  
Ä Edit Remote Site  
ÄConnection Set-up  
Ä PPP  
enable  
The configuration options described here are only for initial set up and  
configuration purposes. For more complete information on all of the  
configuration parameters available please refer to the router PPP Menus  
Reference Manual file on the accompanying CD-ROM.  
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Basic Leased Line Configuration  
routers shipped outside North America are configured to have a  
default setting as a leased line router. The router will operate as a PPP  
leased line bridge/ router if the frame relay function is disabled. The  
Leased Line router establishes PPP (Point to Point Protocol) WAN  
connections to other PPP Leased Line router units or to other  
vendors PPP leased line routers via direct leased line connections.  
Configuration:  
The default configuration for North American router is to  
have frame relay enabled. To run PPP leased line, frame relay must  
be disabled  
7
Frame Relay disable  
Location: Main  
Ä Configuration  
Ä WAN Set up  
Ä Link Set up  
Ä Frame Relay  
Ä disabled  
The router will request confirmation of the change, enter  
“yes”.  
“Quick Start” PPP Leased Line Connections  
The PPP Leased Line router requires only a few configuration  
parameters to establish a direct connection to another PPP IP router.  
Once the connection is established and is working properly, the router  
should be configured with a remote site profile entry for that  
vendors router.  
Before the router can establish a link connection to another PPP  
router, the link speed information must be defined. Refer to the  
following diagram that shows an router unit and another vendors unit  
connected together with a direct leased line connection.  
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PPP IP Router  
Figure 2 - 2 Basic PPP Leased Line Configuration  
The following steps must be performed on the router unit.  
7
Link Speed  
Location: Main  
Ä Configuration  
Ä WAN Set up  
Ä Link Set up  
Ä Link Speed  
The clock speed that the router will expect to  
receive from the DCE link device must be defined.  
7
Local IP Address  
Location: Main  
Ä Configuration  
Ä LAN Set-up  
Ä LAN IP Set-up  
Ä IP Address / Subnet mask size  
This is the IP address and subnet mask for the link  
of this router in the unnumbered IP connection.  
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Bridge Connection.  
Once the link speeds have been configured, the router will attempt to  
establish the link connection to the remote site PPP router.  
The Bridge connection does not require any configuration for  
operation.  
IP Router Connection.  
Once the link speeds and local IP address have been configured, the  
router will attempt to establish the link connection to the remote site  
PPP router.  
The IP connection is an unnumbered connection that requires only the  
configuration of the IP address of the router.  
IPX Router Connection  
Once the link speeds have been configured, the router will attempt to  
establish the link connection to the remote site PPP router.  
The IPX connection is an unnumbered connection that does not  
require any configuration.  
If security is required for the connection, refer to the Configure PPP  
Security section for information on setting the security passwords and  
user names for PPP.  
The configuration options described here are only for initial set up and  
configuration purposes. For more complete information on all of the  
configuration parameters available please refer to the router PPP Menus  
Reference Manual file on the accompanying CD-ROM.  
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Should You Bridge or Route?  
When connecting two Local Area Networks together, the first question  
to ask is should I bridge or route? The decision to bridge or to route  
may be decided by how the existing networks have been already set up.  
Bridging should be used when the network consists of non-routable  
protocols or routable protocols using the same network numbers.  
Some protocols can only be bridged; some of the more well known are  
NetBEUI (used by Microsoft Windows 3.11, Windows ’95 and  
Windows NT), and LAT (used by Digital Equipment Corp.).  
If your IPX or IP network address is the same at both locations  
bridging is simpler and requires less configuration. If the locations are  
to be routed together, the network numbers will have to be different in  
both cases, this could require extensive reconfiguration.  
IPX routing should be used if the two locations are already set up with  
different IPX network numbers. Routing IPX will minimize the  
number of SAP and RIP messages being sent across the WAN.  
IP routing should be used if the two locations are already set up with  
different IP network numbers or if you wish to divide your one IP  
network number into two sub-networks.  
In some cases both bridging and routing may be required. Routing  
may be required for IP information and bridging may be required for  
NetBEUI.  
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Configure as an Ethernet Bridge  
An Ethernet bridge intelligently forwards LAN traffic to remotely  
connected LANs across the Wide Area Network (WAN).  
WAN connection  
LAN #1  
LAN #2  
Figure 2 - 3 Bridged Local Area Networks  
Ethernet bridges simply forward information based on Ethernet MAC  
addresses. If a LAN packet is destined for a device located on a  
remote LAN, the bridge will forward that packet to the remote LAN.  
If a LAN packet is destined for a device located on the local LAN, the  
bridge will ignore the packet.  
Ethernet bridges also communicate to each other using what is called  
the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP). STP is used to prevent loops in a  
network which cause LAN traffic to be re-broadcast again and again  
causing network congestion.  
The router is pre-configured to operate as an Ethernet bridge  
compatible with the IEEE 802.1d Spanning Tree Protocol definitions.  
This means that without configuration modifications, the router will  
bridge Ethernet traffic to its partner bridges when the Wide Area  
Network (WAN) connection has been established.  
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The router also is pre-configured as an IPX router. This means that if  
you wish to bridge IPX traffic instead of routing it, you must disable the  
IPX routing function of the router. Once IPX routing has been disabled,  
all IPX traffic will be bridged between partner bridges on the WAN.  
The two Local Area Networks may be bridged together with minimal  
configuration required. Simply connect the routers to each of the  
LANs and connect the interface module to the supplied equipment  
from the service provider. The WAN set up must be configured  
appropriately in order for the links to operate. Once the WAN  
connection has been established to the remote partner router, the  
router will proceed to bridge the LAN traffic between the two  
locations.  
If SNMP or Telnet management is required for the router, an IP  
address must be defined for each router. The IP address allows  
network management stations to use SNMP to configure and monitor  
the router remotely. The IP address also allows Telnet stations to  
connect to the router and view the built-in menu system without  
having to physically connect to the device.  
7
IP Address  
Location: Main  
Ä Configuration  
Ä LAN Set-up  
Ä LAN IP Set-up  
Ä IP Address / Subnet mask size  
The IP address consists of four 8-bit numbers and  
is represented by 4 fields separated by periods (“.”),  
where each field is specified by a decimal number  
(e.g. 199.169.1.10). Each decimal number must be  
less than or equal to 255 (the maximum value of an  
8-bit field).  
The IP address is first specified and then you will  
be prompted to enter the size of the subnet mask.  
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The size of the subnet mask. defines the subnet  
mask by using the specified number to reserve a  
series of contiguous bit locations from the start of  
the entire IP address. These reserved bit locations  
are then used as the network portion of the IP  
address.  
For example, with a class C IP address, a subnet  
mask size of 26 will mask the 24 network address  
bits plus 2 host bits for the subnet address,  
resulting in 4 subnet addresses being created. (Note  
that depending on whether or not nonstandard  
subnets are allowed, not all of these addresses may  
be valid; see the sections on defining masks).  
The configuration options described here are only for initial set up and  
configuration purposes. For more information on all of the configuration  
parameters available please refer to the router PPP Menus Reference  
Manual file on the accompanying CD-ROM.  
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Configure as an Ethernet IP router  
An Ethernet IP router is used to intelligently route Internet Protocol  
(IP) LAN traffic to remotely connected LANs across the WAN.  
Router IP Address  
199.169.1.10  
Router IP Address  
199.169.2.12  
WAN connection  
IP Network Address  
199.169.2.0  
IP Network Address  
199.169.1.0  
LAN #1  
LAN #2  
Figure 2 - 4 IP Routed Local Area Networks  
IP routers forward IP frames based upon their IP destination address  
and an internal routing table. The router maintains the internal routing  
table with the remote network IP addresses and the remote partner IP  
routers associated with those networks. When an IP frame is received  
from the local LAN, the destination IP address is examined and looked  
up in the routing tables. Once the destination IP network is found in  
the routing tables, the IP router sends the IP frame to the remote  
partner router that is connected to the appropriate remote IP network.  
If no explicit route entry is found in the routing tables, the IP frame is  
sent to the Default Gateway.  
To configure the router to be an IP router, the following parameters  
must be defined in the built-in menu system.  
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IP Address  
Location: Main  
7
Ä Configuration  
Ä LAN Set-up  
Ä LAN IP Set-up  
Ä IP Address / Subnet mask size  
The IP address consists of four 8-bit numbers and  
is represented by 4 fields separated by periods (“.”),  
where each field is specified by a decimal number  
(e.g. 199.169.1.10). Each decimal number must be  
less than or equal to 255 (the maximum value of an  
8-bit binary number).  
The IP address is first specified and then you will  
be prompted to enter the Subnet mask size.  
The Subnet mask size defines the subnet mask by  
using the specified number to reserve a series of  
contiguous bit locations from the start of the entire  
IP address. These reserved bit locations are then  
used as the network portion of the IP address for  
the subnet.  
For example, with a class C IP address, a subnet  
mask size of 26 will mask the 24 network address  
bits plus 2 host bits for the subnet address,  
resulting in 4 subnet addresses being created. (Note  
that depending on whether or not nonstandard  
subnets are allowed, not all of these addresses may  
be valid; see the sections on defining masks).  
The default gateway parameter only needs to be defined when there is  
another IP router connected to the LAN that is the default gateway for  
this IP network.  
Once the WAN connections have been established to the remote  
partner routers, the IP router portion of the routers will begin to build  
their routing tables according to the IP frames they receive from the  
network. Manual entries may be made in the routing tables by adding  
static IP routes.  
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Define an IP Default Gateway  
An IP default gateway is an IP router that is resident on the local IP  
network that this router is connected to and is used to route IP frames  
for destination networks that do not exist in the routing tables. When  
an IP frame is received that is destined for a network that is not listed  
in the routing tables of the router, the router will send the IP frame to  
the default gateway. If the device originating the IP frame is on the  
same local LAN as the router, the router will then send an ICMP  
redirect message to the originating device. Any future IP frames for  
that destination network will then be sent to the default gateway instead  
of the router.  
A default gateway may be configured if there are a large number of  
routes that will pass through another router to a larger network. An  
example of this would be a router that is used to connect to the  
Internet. All of the routers on the local LAN would have the Internet  
access router as the default gateway. The routers would route  
information within the internal network and any IP frames that are  
destined for the Internet would be routed to the default gateway.  
7
Default Gateway  
Location: Main  
Ä Configuration  
Ä Application Set up  
Ä DHCP Set up  
Ä Default Gateway  
The IP address of the default gateway consists of 4  
octets and is represented by 4 fields separated by  
periods (“.”), where each field is specified by a  
decimal number (e.g. 199.169.1.10). Each decimal  
number must be less than or equal to 255, that is  
the maximum value of each 8-bit field.  
A configured Default Gateway will override a  
default route learned from RIP.  
Configuration:  
The Default Gateway may be located across the  
WAN connection.  
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Define an IP Static Route  
Static IP routes may be defined when one specific router is to be used  
to reach a destination IP network. The static route will have  
precedence over all learned RIP routes even if the cost of the RIP  
learned routes is lower.  
7
Edit Static Route  
Location: Main  
Ä Configuration  
Ä IP Routing Set up  
Ä IP Routes  
Ä Edit Route  
Ä Edit Static Route  
Ä Remote Site  
Ä Next Hop  
Ä Cost  
Ä Add  
Each static IP route is defined in the Edit Route  
menu. The destination network IP address is  
specified when you first enter the menu and then  
the IP address of the next hop route and the cost  
may be defined.  
Once all of the static IP routes are defined they  
may be viewed with the Show Static Routes command  
from the IP Routes menu.  
Configuration:  
When the IP routing protocol is set to none, the  
subnet mask size must also be defined when creating a  
static route entry. The subnet mask is required to allow a  
static route to be created to a different IP network address.  
The configuration options described here are only for initial set up and  
configuration purposes. For more information on all of the configuration  
parameters available please refer to the router PPP Menus Reference  
Manual file on the accompanying CD-ROM.  
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Define an IP Subnet Mask  
An IP network may be divided into smaller portions by a process called  
sub-netting. A subnet is specified using high end bits of the host field  
of the IP address for network addressing. This is done with a subnet  
mask. Thus, the size of the subnet (i.e. The number of bits available for  
subnet addressing) is the size of the subnet mask minus the length of  
the network field of the IP address for that class (8, 16 or 24 bits for  
classes A, B and C respectively). For example, a small company is  
connected to the Internet, they are assigned a single class C IP network  
address (199.169.100.0). This network address allows the company to  
define up to 255 host addresses within their network. Their network  
will be attached to the Internet with an IP router.  
If this company decides to split their network into two LANs to reduce  
the load on their network, the original IP network address may be sub-  
netted into two or more smaller IP networks consisting of a smaller  
number of host addresses in LAN. This allows each of the sites to be a  
smaller IP network and to be routed together to allow inter-network  
communication.  
The router allows masks from 8 to 32 bits. The mask size determines  
how many bits of the host field of the original IP network address will  
be used for the creation of subnets. In this example, a subnet mask  
size of 26 will produce a subnet size of 2 bits (24 bits from the class C  
network address field plus 2 bits from the host address field). Two bits  
gives 4 possible sub-network addresses from the original IP network  
address. Two of the resulting sub-networks will have either all zeros or  
all ones as the subnet address; under standard subnets, these addresses  
are reserved for network functions and hence are invalid addresses. So  
setting a mask of 26 will generate two resulting sub-networks with up  
to 62 host addresses each (64 potential addresses minus the all zero and  
all one addresses).  
The new IP network addresses will be:  
199.169.100.64 and 199.169.100.128. The subnet mask for the newly  
created networks will be 255.255.255.192..  
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Configuration:  
The mask size entered defines the size of the subnet mask  
from the start of the entire IP address. This allows subnet  
sizes from 0 to 24 bits. A subnet mask size of 8 in a class  
A address represents a subnet size of 0 or no subnetting  
performed.  
Original IP Network Address 199.169.100.0  
Subnet IP Network Address  
199.169.100.64  
Subnet IP Network Address  
199.169.100.128  
Subnet Mask is  
255.255.255.192  
Router IP Address  
199.169.100.65  
Subnet Mask Size 26  
Router IP Address  
199.169.100.129  
Subnet Mask Size 26  
LAN #2  
IP Computers  
LAN #1  
IP Computers  
Host IP Address Host IP Address  
199.169.100.66 199.169.100.67  
Host IP Address Host IP Address  
199.169.100.130 199.169.100.131  
Figure 2 - 5 Defining an IP Subnet Mask  
To configure the routers to route between the newly created sub-  
networks, the following parameters must be defined in the built-in  
menu system.  
7
IP Address & Subnet Size  
Location: Main  
Ä Configuration  
Ä LAN Set-up  
Ä LAN IP Set-up  
Ä IP Address / mask size  
The IP address consists of 4 octets and is  
represented by 4 fields separated by periods (“.”),  
where each field is specified by a decimal number  
(e.g. 199.169.1.10). Each decimal number must be  
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less than or equal to 255, that is the maximum  
value of each 8-bit field.  
The IP address is first specified and then you will  
be prompted to enter the mask size.  
The mask size defines the subnet mask by using the  
specified number to reserve a series of contiguous  
bit locations from the start of the entire IP address.  
These reserved bit locations are then used as part  
of the network portion of the IP address.  
For example, with a class C IP address, a subnet  
size of 26 will provide 2 host bits for the subnet  
address resulting in 4 possible subnets. The  
addresses for two of these are all ones or all zeros  
and are not valid under standard subnets, leaving  
two subnets available.  
Configuration:  
The subnet mask size entered defines the size of the subnet  
mask from the start of the entire IP address.  
The configuration of the sub-netted class C IP network is now  
completed. Remember that each of the 2 sub-networks created may  
only have 62 host IP addresses defined.  
The configuration options described here are only for initial set up and  
configuration purposes. For more information on all of the configuration  
parameters available, please refer to the router PPP Menus Reference  
Manual file on the accompanying CD-ROM.  
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Configure as an Ethernet IPX router  
The router is preconfigured to operate as an IPX router when installed  
in an IPX network. The router will learn the IPX network numbers  
from the local LAN and when the WAN connections are established,  
the router will route the IPX frames to the appropriate destination  
IPX network.  
The IPX routing scenario may consist of one of the two following  
configurations. The first configuration consists of Novell servers  
located on each of the LAN segments to be connected. The second  
configuration consists of Novell servers located on only one of the  
LAN segments to be connected. The router IPX router will need to  
be configured differently in the second configuration with Novell  
servers located on only one of the LAN segments.  
Novell Servers in Both Locations  
An Ethernet IPX router is used to intelligently route Novell IPX LAN  
traffic to remotely connected LANs across the WAN.  
WAN connection  
IPX Network Address  
1500  
IPX Network Address  
1512  
LAN #1  
LAN #2  
Novell IPX Client Novell Server  
Novell Server Novell IPX Client  
Figure 2 - 7 IPX Routed Local Area Networks  
(Servers on both sides)  
IPX routers forward IPX frames based upon their IPX destination  
address and an internal routing table. The router maintains the internal  
routing table with the remote network IPX addresses and the remote  
partner IPX routers associated with those networks. When an IPX  
frame is received from the local LAN, the destination IPX address is  
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examined and looked up in the routing tables. Once the destination  
IPX address is found in the routing tables, the IPX router sends the  
IPX frame to the remote partner router that is connected to the  
appropriate remote IPX network.  
To configure the router to be an IPX router when both LAN  
segments contain Novell servers, the IPX network numbers are learned  
automatically from the routing information and service announcements  
sent by the servers. The router will automatically assign the IPX  
network numbers and proceed to route the IPX frames to the  
appropriate destination network.  
When two IPX LAN segments with Novell servers on each segment are  
to be connected together with IPX routers, you must ensure that the IPX  
network numbers on each of the Novell servers is unique. If the IPX  
network numbers are the same, the IPX routers will not operate.  
Once the WAN connections have been established to the remote  
partner routers, the IPX router portion of the routers will begin to  
build their routing tables according to the IPX frames they receive  
from the network. Manual entries may be made in the routing tables  
by adding static IPX routes.  
The configuration options described here are only for initial set up and  
configuration purposes. For more information on all of the configuration  
parameters available please refer to the router PPP Menus Reference  
Manual file on the accompanying CD-ROM.  
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Novell Servers in One Location Only  
Some Novell LAN installations require that a remote LAN that consists  
of only Novell IPX clients be connected to a central LAN that contains  
the Novell servers and some more clients. In this configuration, the  
router located at the remote site must be configured with the appropriate  
IPX network numbers. The IPX network number must be configured  
manually because there is no Novell server at the remote site. The  
router must act as a Novell server to supply the proper IPX network  
number to the clients on the remote site LAN.  
In the following diagram, the router connected to LAN # 2 must be  
configured with IPX network number 1500 using the appropriate  
frame type. The clients connected to LAN # 2 must also be running  
with the same frame type as defined on the router. After the routers  
have established the WAN connection, the IPX routing procedures will  
cause the names of the services located on LAN # 1 to be stored in the  
services table on the router on LAN # 2. When one of the clients on  
LAN # 2 starts up, it will look for a server on the local LAN and the  
router will respond with the list of servers that are located on the  
central LAN.  
IPX Network Address  
1500 - defined on router  
WAN connection  
IPX Network Address  
1512  
LAN #1  
LAN #2  
Novell IPX Client Novell Server  
Novell IPX Client  
Novell IPX Client  
Figure 2 - 8 IPX Routed Local Area Networks  
(Servers on one side)  
The following steps must be performed on the router connected to  
LAN # 2.  
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7
IPX Frame Types  
Location: Main  
Ä Configuration  
Ä IPX Routing Set up  
Ä Configure LAN Nets  
Ä Ethernet-II Frames  
Ä RAW 802.3 Frames  
Ä IEEE 802.2 Frames  
Ä 802.2 SNAP Frames  
Define the appropriate IPX network number for  
the appropriate frame type. Note that IPX network  
numbers must be unique. If more than one frame  
type is to be used, each frame type must have a  
unique IPX network number. There must be no  
duplicate IPX network numbers within your entire  
IPX routed network, they must all be unique. The  
IPX network numbers may be any value from 0 to  
FFFFFFFF HEX.  
Configuration: Since there is not a server on LAN 2 in this  
example, the IPX network number may be manually  
configured and the router will proceed to route between the  
two networks. When manually configuring an IPX network  
number for a frame type that has already learned a network  
number, IPX routing must be disabled before the new  
network number is assigned.  
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PPP Link Configuration Overview  
A PPP (Point to Point Protocol) connection between two routers may  
use  
a
number of Network Control Protocols (NCP) for  
communication. An IP router connection will use the Internet  
Protocol Control Protocol (IPCP) NCP for all IP communications. An  
IPX router connection will use the Internet Packet Exchange Control  
Protocol (IPXCP) NCP for all IPX communications.  
In order to establish an IPCP or IPXCP link connection between two  
PPP routers, either a numbered link or an unnumbered link connection  
must be established. The two types of link connections are available to  
allow for greater flexibility between vendors products.  
Numbered Links  
A numbered link assigns a network address (either IP or IPX) to both  
ends of the WAN connection. In a numbered link configuration, the  
WAN connection may be viewed as another LAN network with the  
two PPP routers simply routing information between their local LANs  
and the common connected WAN network.  
Because the WAN is considered to be a separate network, each of the  
stations on that network must be assigned a network address. If a  
numbered IP link is to be established, then each WAN interface must  
be assigned an IP address on a unique IP network. The WAN IP  
network address must be different than the two existing networks that  
are being connected together with the PPP routers.  
If a numbered IPX link is to be established, then each WAN interface must  
be assigned an IPX node address on a unique IPX network number. The  
WAN IPX network address must be different than the two existing  
networks that are being connected together with the PPP routers.  
The IP address of the local WAN link is defined as the Local IP Address  
within the remote site profile settings. The IP address of the WAN link of  
the remote PPP router is defined as the Peer IP Address within the  
remote site profile settings. The WAN IP network number is defined by  
defining a subnet size to use when defining the local IP address. The size  
of the subnet will determine the IP network number used.  
The IPX node address of the local WAN link is defined as the Local IPX  
Node within the remote site profile settings. The IP address of the WAN  
link of the remote PPP router is defined as the Peer IPX Node within the  
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remote site profile settings. The WAN IPX network number is defined  
with the IPX Net option in the remote site profile settings.  
Unnumbered Links  
An unnumbered link does not use network addressing on the WAN  
link. The WAN connection is roughly equivalent to an internal  
connection with each of the two end point routers operating as half of  
a complete router that is connected between the two endpoint LANs.  
When an IPCP link is set to unnumbered, the only configuration  
option applicable is Peer IP Address. The peer IP address in this case  
is the IP address of the remote PPP router, that is the IP address of its  
LAN connection. If the peer IP address is not specified, the router  
will attempt to determine it when negotiating the IPCP connection.  
When an IPXCP link is set to unnumbered, no addressing  
configuration is required. All of the IPX settings are negotiated during  
the IPXCP connection.  
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Configure Dynamic Host  
Configuration Protocol  
The router uses Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) to  
allow users in a small office environment to simply enable DHCP  
clients on their workstations and power them up to get their proper  
initialization. You would then be able to use TCP/ IP applications (such  
as connecting to the Internet). DHCP allows configuration of devices  
(DHCP clients) to be handled from a central DHCP server. This  
allows devices to be added and removed from a network with all of the  
network information (i.e. IP address, DNS, subnet mask, etc.) being  
configured automatically. It is designed to allocate network addresses  
to a number of hosts on the router’s LAN and supply minimal  
configuration needed to allow hosts to operate in an IP network.  
The following steps must be performed on the router to configure it  
as a DHCP server.  
7
DHCP Services  
Location: Main  
Ä Configuration  
Ä Applications Set up  
Ä DHCP Set up  
Ä DHCP Services  
Ä Server  
DHCP Services options which are available are  
none and server. Set to server to enable this device  
as a DHCP Server.  
7
IP Address Pool  
Location: Main  
Ä Configuration  
Ä Applications Set up  
Ä DHCP Set up  
Ä Server IP address pool  
Ä IP address pool  
Ä IP Address /  
number of addresses  
The IP address pool option requires having the  
first IP address in the range that is wanted for the  
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devices attached to the DHCP Server to be set.  
The number of addresses to be assigned must also  
be specified to a maximum of 253.  
With the DHCP Services and IP Address Pool defined, devices may be  
attached to the network (up to the maximum specified) and they will be  
automatically configured.  
When setting up a router as a DHCP server that will have both a  
DNS server on the internal network and a remote connection to  
another DNS server (for example, through an ISP), then the local  
DNS server should be set as the primary DNS and the external  
DNS server as the secondary DNS.  
7
DNS Set-Up  
Location: Main  
Ä Configuration  
Ä Application Set up  
ÄDHCP set-up  
ÄDNS set-up  
ÄPrimary DNS  
-IP address local DNS server  
ÄSecondary DNS  
-IP addr external DNS server  
External  
DNS Server  
(Secondary)  
Internet Service  
Provider  
Local  
DNS Server  
(Primary)  
Figure 2 - 9 Local + External DNS Server Configuration  
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Configure Network Address  
Translation (NAT)  
Support is provided for Network Address Translation (NAT).  
Network Address Translation is a technique which translates private  
IP addresses on a private network to valid global IP addresses for  
access to the Internet. Port translation (NAPT) allows more than one  
private IP address to be translated to the same global IP address. Port  
translation allows data exchanges initiated from hosts with private IP  
addresses to be sent to the Internet via the router using a single global  
IP address. A global IP address must be assigned to the WAN link  
upon which NAPT is enabled for NAPT to work. The global IP  
address will be assigned by the ISP.  
To use NAPT, the private network addresses of the services that will  
be available globally must be assigned:  
7
NAT Exports  
Location: Main  
Ä Configuration  
Ä Applications Set up  
Ä NAT Exports  
Ä Edit Services  
Ä enter the private network IP  
address of each service offered.  
The NAT enabled option allows you to enable Network Address  
Translation.  
7
NAT Enabled  
Location: Main  
Ä Configuration  
Ä WAN Set up  
Ä Remote Site Set up  
Ä Edit Remote Site  
Ä Protocol Set up  
Ä IP Parameters  
Ä NAT Enabled  
Ä Enabled  
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The Translation Type option allows you to use Network Address Port  
Translation.  
7
Translation type  
Location: Main  
Ä Configuration  
Ä WAN Set up  
Ä Remote Site Set up  
Ä Edit Remote Site  
Ä Protocol Set up  
Ä IP Parameters  
Ä NAT Advanced  
Ä Translation type  
Ä Port  
The configuration options described here are only for initial set up and  
configuration purposes. For more complete information on all of the  
configuration parameters available please refer to the router PPP Menus  
Reference Manual file on the accompanying CD-ROM.  
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Configure PPP Security  
The router provides support for both PAP and CHAP PPP security  
authentication. An outgoing user name, PAP password , and CHAP  
secret are defined that the router will use when responding to an  
authentication request from a remote site PPP router.  
The cold start defaults for the security user name and passwords are as  
follows. These defaults will exist when the router is first started before  
and configuration is entered, and after a Full Reset has been performed.  
These default values are also set when the router is placed in TFTP  
Network load mode for upgrading the operating software via TFTP  
transfers. Care should be taken when upgrading a group of routers that  
have security levels set.  
Default user name is the same as the default device name.  
Default PAP password and CHAP secret are both set to “none”.  
The complete security configuration for both incoming and outgoing  
calls is defined within the Security menu of the WAN Set up section.  
7
Security Level  
Location: Main  
Ä Configuration  
Ä WAN Set up  
Ä Security Set up  
Ä Security Level  
The security level defines the type of security that  
this router will request when a remote site PPP  
router attempts to establish a PPP connection. The  
security may defined as none, PAP, or CHAP.  
When a security level is defined on this router, an entry for each remote  
site PPP router that may be connected to this router must be placed in the  
security database. The security database is used to store the user names and  
passwords of the remote site PPP routers.  
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7
Security Database Entry  
Location: Main  
Ä Configuration  
Ä WAN Set up  
Ä Edit Remote Site  
Ä Security Parameters  
Ä Incoming PAP Password  
Ä Incoming CHAP Secret  
Ä Outgoing User Name  
Ä Outgoing PAP Password  
Ä Outgoing CHAP Secret  
The security entries in the security database define  
the user names and passwords that remote site PPP  
routers will provide when an authentication request  
is sent from this router.  
When defining the user names for the PPP routers that will be connecting  
together, you should remember that the remote site PPP router user name  
that is authenticated by the router is used to match to the configured  
remote site profiles.  
If a match to a configured remote site profile exists, the incoming call will  
use the configuration defined within that remote site profile. This also  
allows easier viewing of the remote site statistics.  
The configuration options described here are only for initial set up and  
configuration purposes. For more information on all of the configuration  
parameters available please refer to the router PPP Menus Reference  
Manual file on the accompanying CD-ROM.  
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Configure Firewall  
The router provides Firewall security for restricting access between any  
two networks connected through the router. Firewalls are set up on a per  
connection basis for the LAN and remote sites. The direction of filtering is  
from the perspective of the router; incoming traffic is from the network in  
question to the router, outgoing is from the router to the network. The  
direction of filtering may be set to incoming, outgoing, both or none. Once  
the direction of filtering for a connection has been set, holes may be created  
in the firewall to allow specified traffic through. Normally, the LAN firewall  
is used for restricting intranet traffic (connections within the corporate  
network) and remote site firewalls are used to limit access from less trusted  
sources, such as the Internet or dial-up links.  
Main FTP server: 195.100.1.12  
Main Web server: 195.100.1.20  
Corporate Head  
Office Network  
195.100.1.0  
Branch Office  
Network  
195.100.2.0  
Router with  
firewall enabled.  
Internet  
Any other network  
any IP address  
Figure 2-10 Sample Firewall Application  
The above diagram shows a corporate head office network, which is  
connected, to the Internet with an router. There is also a branch  
office at a remote site connected with a Digital Leased link. The  
administrator at the corporate head office wishes to set up an IP  
firewall to allow everyone on the Internet to have access to the  
corporate FTP and Web servers and nothing else. The administrator  
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also wishes to allow all of the TCP traffic from the branch office  
network to have access to the head office. Anyone in the corporation  
may have unrestricted access to the Internet.  
The following steps must be performed on the router to set up the  
firewall support as desired.  
First the firewall on the ISP connection (remote site 1) of the WAN is  
set up. The firewall option is set to “inbound” to have this WAN  
firewall filter traffic from the ISP to the router while allowing  
unrestricted access out to the Internet.  
7
Firewall WAN Remote Site Filter direction  
Location: Main  
Ä Configuration  
Ä Applications Set up  
Ä Firewall Set up  
Ä WAN Firewall Set up  
Ä enter ID# 1 for ISP remote site  
Ä Firewall  
Ä inbound  
The firewall on the Internet connection is set up to protect the entire  
corporate network, including the branch office, from unauthorized traffic.  
Then the entries are made in the “Designated Servers” menu to allow  
Internet access to the FTP and Web servers on the corporate network.  
7
FTP & WWW Designated Servers  
Location: Main  
Ä Configuration  
Ä Applications Set up  
Ä Firewall Set up  
Ä WAN Firewall Set up  
Ä ID# 1 for ISP remote site  
Ä Designated Servers  
Ä FTP Server  
— 195.100.1.12  
Ä WWW (HTTP) Server  
— 195.100.1.20  
When defining a designated server you will be prompted for  
the IP address of that device. Adding an entry to the  
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designated servers list allows you to quickly setup a firewall  
entry without having to figure out TCP port values.  
Next, the LAN firewall is set up to restrict access to the LAN. The  
firewall option is set to “outbound” to have the LAN firewall filter  
traffic from the router.  
7
Firewall LAN Filter Direction  
Location: Main  
Ä Configuration  
Ä Applications Set up  
Ä Firewall Set up  
Ä LAN Firewall Set up  
Ä Firewall  
Ä Outbound  
An entry is made in the firewall table to allow the devices in the branch  
office to have unlimited TCP access to devices in the head office.  
7
Firewall Table Entry  
Location: Main  
Ä Configuration  
Ä Applications Set up  
Ä Firewall Set up  
Ä LAN Firewall Set up  
Ä Edit Firewall Entry  
Äfilter ID # 1  
Ä Dest IP Address  
— 195.100.1.0  
Ä Destination Mask  
— 255.255.255.0  
Ä Source IP Address  
— 195.100.2.0  
Ä Source Mask  
— 255.255.255.0  
Ä Protocol Type  
— TCP  
Ä entry direction  
—outbound  
Finally, holes are provided in the LAN firewall to allow Internet access  
to the FTP and WWW servers  
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Firewall  
Location: Main  
7
Ä Configuration  
Ä Applications Set up  
Ä Firewall Set up  
Ä LAN Firewall Set up  
Ä Designated Servers  
Ä FTP Server  
— 195.100.1.12  
Ä WWW (HTTP) Server  
— 195.100.1.20  
The configuration options described here are only for initial set up and  
configuration purposes. For more information on all of the configuration  
parameters available, please refer to the router PPP Menus Reference  
Manual file on the accompanying CD-ROM.  
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* * * *  
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3 - INTRODUCTION TO FILTERING  
The router provides programmable filtering which gives you the ability  
to control under what conditions Ethernet frames are forwarded to  
remote networks. There are many reasons why this might need to be  
accomplished, some of which are security, protocol discrimination,  
bandwidth conservation, and general restrictions.  
Filtering may be accomplished by using two different methods. The  
first method is to filter or forward frames based solely on their source  
or destination MAC address. This method of filtering is useful when  
bridging between LANs and for providing remote access security in  
any type of network. The Ethernet MAC (Media Access Control)  
address is checked against the addresses in the filtering list and the  
frame is filtered or forwarded accordingly.  
The second method of filtering is pattern filtering where each frame is  
checked against a filter pattern. The filter pattern may be defined to  
perform a check of any portion of the Ethernet frame. Separate filter  
patterns may be defined for bridged frames, IP routed frames, and IPX  
routed frames.  
For more information on filtering, please refer to the Programmable  
Filtering section of the router reference manual file. The PDF file is  
located on the accompanying CD-ROM.  
MAC Address Filtering  
MAC address filtering is provided by three built-in functions.  
The first function is “Filter if Source”; the second is “Filter if  
Destination.” The third function allows you to change the filter  
operation from “positive” to “negative.” The positive filter operation  
causes frames with the specified MAC addresses to be filtered. The  
negative filter operation causes frames with the specified MAC  
addresses to be forwarded.  
You may easily prevent any station on one segment from accessing a  
specific resource on the other segment; for this, “positive” filtering and  
the use of “Filter if Destination” would be appropriate. If you want to  
disallow a specific station from accessing any service, “Filter if Source”  
could be used.  
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Introduction to Filtering  
You may easily prevent stations on one segment from accessing all but  
a specific resource on the other segment; for this, “negative” filtering  
and the use of “Forward if Destination” would be appropriate. If you  
want to disallow all but one specific station from accessing any service  
on the other segment, the use of “Forward if Source” could be used.  
Pattern Filtering  
Pattern filtering is provided in three separate sections: Bridge Pattern  
Filters, IP router Pattern Filters, and IPX router Pattern Filters. When  
the router is operating as an IP/ IPX Bridge/ router, each of the frames  
received from the local LAN is passed on to the appropriate internal  
section of the router. The IPX frames are passed on to the IPX  
router, the IP frames are passed on to the IP router, and all other  
frames are passed on to the bridge. Different pattern filters may be  
defined in each of these sections to provide very extensive pattern  
filtering on LAN traffic being sent to remote LANs.  
Pattern filters are created by defining an offset value and a pattern  
match value. The offset value determines the starting position for the  
pattern checking. An offset of 0 indicates that the pattern checking  
starts at the beginning of the data frame. An offset of 12 indicates that  
the pattern checking starts at the 12th octet of the data frame. When a  
data frame is examined in its HEX format, an octet is a pair of HEX  
values with offset location 0 starting at the beginning of the frame.  
Please refer to Appendix C - Octet Locations on Ethernet Frames for more  
information on octet locations in data frames.  
The pattern match value is defined as a HEX string that is used to  
match against the data frame. If the HEX data at the appropriate  
offset location in the data frame matches the HEX string of the filter  
pattern, there is a positive filter match. The data frame will be filtered  
according to the filter operators being used in the filter pattern.  
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Introduction to Filtering  
The following operators are used in creating Pattern filters.  
-
offset  
Used in pattern filters to determine the starting  
position to start the pattern checking.  
Example:  
12-80  
This filter pattern will match  
if the packet information  
starting at the 12th octet  
equals the 80 of the filter  
pattern.  
|
OR  
Used in combination filters when one or the other  
conditions must be met.  
Example:  
10-20| 12-80  
This filter pattern will match  
if the packet information  
starting at the 10th octet  
equals the 20 of the filter  
pattern or if the packet  
information starting at the  
12th octet equals the 80 of  
the filter pattern.  
&
AND  
Used in combination filters when one and the other  
conditions must be met.  
Example:  
10-20&12-80  
This filter pattern will match  
if the packet information  
starting at the 10th octet  
equals the 20 of the filter  
pattern and the packet  
information starting at the  
12th octet equals the 80 of  
the filter pattern.  
~
NOT  
Used in pattern filters to indicate that all packets not  
matching the defined pattern will be filtered.  
Example:  
~12-80  
This filter pattern will match  
if the packet information  
starting at the 12th octet  
does not equal the 80 of the  
filter pattern.  
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( ) brackets Used in pattern filters to separate portions of filter  
patterns for specific operators.  
Example: 12-80&(14-24| 14-32) This filter pattern will be  
checked in two operations.  
First the section in brackets  
will be checked and then the  
results of the first check will  
be used in the second check  
using the first portion of the  
filter pattern. If the packet  
information starting at the  
14th octet equals 24 or 32,  
and the information at the  
12th octet equals 80, the filter  
pattern will match.  
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Popular Filters  
Some of the more commonly used pattern filters are shown here.  
Bridge  
Bridge pattern filters are applied to Ethernet frames that are bridged  
only. When the router is operating as a router, all routed frames will  
be unaffected by the bridge pattern filters.  
IP & Related Traffic  
IP & Related Traffic  
Forward only  
Filter  
~ (12-0800| 12-0806)  
(12-0800| 12-0806)  
Novell IPX Frames  
Novell IPX Frames  
EthernetII  
802.3 RAW  
802.2  
(12-8137)  
(14-FFFF)  
(14-E0E0)  
802.2 LLC  
(14-AAAA&20-8137)  
NetBIOS &NetBEUI (Microsoft Windows)  
NetBIOS & NetBEUI (Microsoft Windows)  
Filter  
(14-F0F0)  
Forward only  
~ (14-F0F0)  
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Banyan  
Banyan  
(12-0BAD)  
(12-80C4)  
(12-80C5)  
IP Router  
IP router pattern filters are applied to IP Ethernet frames that are  
being routed. When the router is operating as an IP router, all IP  
routed frames will be checked against the defined IP router pattern  
filters. IP routed frames are unaffected by the bridge pattern filters and  
the IPX router pattern filters.  
NetBIOS over TCP  
NetBIOS over TCP  
NETBIOS Name Service  
NETBIOS Datagram Service  
NETBIOS Session Service  
(22-0089)  
(22-008A)  
(22-008B)  
Note: Uses the TCP Destination Port location  
Other interesting TCP Ports  
Other interesting TCP Ports  
Hex Usage  
15 FTP  
Decimal  
21  
23  
17  
19  
45  
6D  
6E  
Telnet  
SMTP  
TFTP  
POP2  
POP3  
25  
69  
109  
110  
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APPENDIX A  
MENU TREES  
The menu trees on the next few facing pages are a graphical  
representation of the hierarchy of the built-in menu system of the  
router. The menus are shown with the options of the menus being  
displayed below the specific menu name.  
Each of the menu options shown in the menu tree is explained in the  
accompanying router menu reference files. The PDF files are located  
on the accompanying CD-ROM.  
Menu names are displayed in boxes. The numbers on the left side of  
the boxes indicate the menu option from the parent menu that this  
menu corresponds to. All menu options are listed with numbers  
indicating their actual position within the menu system.  
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MAIN  
Menu Tree  
Frame Relay Options  
Device Set-Up  
software release: F5P.06.02.xx  
Configuration  
1
1]  
2]  
3]  
4]  
5]  
1]  
Access Set-Up  
Terminal Set-Up  
Telnet Set-Up  
Load FLASH Set-Up  
Console  
1. Password  
2. Device Name  
3. Show Time  
4. Set Time  
1. Terminal Set-Up menu  
2. Device Set-Up menu  
3. Telnet Set-Up menu  
1. Terminal  
2. Show  
1. Telnet access  
1. Console (ZMODEM)  
2. Network (TFTP)  
1. Dump  
2. Restore  
2. Telnet  
3. Add  
3. Telnet port  
4. Show Names  
5. Add Name  
6. Remove Name  
4. Remove  
4. Load FLASH Set-Up menu  
5. Console  
6. Hardware Status  
7. TFTP access  
1]  
2]  
3]  
2]  
3]  
LAN Set-Up  
LAN IP Set-Up  
LAN IPX Set-Up  
Bridge-STP Set-Up  
1. Bridge set-up menu  
2. IP set-up menu  
3. IPX set-up menu  
1. SecondaryIP set-up  
2. LAN-NAT set-up  
3. IP address  
4. Routing protcol  
5. RIP mode  
6. Route cost  
1. Ethernet-II frames  
2. RAW 802.3 frames  
3. IEEE 802.2 frames  
4. 802.2 SNAP frames  
5. Auto Learn  
1. State  
2. Path cost  
3. Priority  
4. LAN interface type  
6. Help  
1]  
WAN Set-Up  
Secondary IP Set-Up  
1]  
1. Edit Secondary  
Edit Secondary  
1]  
2. Show Secondary Entry  
Link Set-Up  
1. Secondary IP  
2. Mask Size  
3. Remove Secondary Entry  
1. Physical link type  
2. Link operation  
3. Frame Relay  
3. Subnet Mask  
4. Routing Protocol  
5. RIP mode  
2]  
LAN-NAT set-up  
4. Frame Relay set-up menu  
5. Link Interface type  
5. T1/E1 set-up menu  
6. Link speed  
7. Link CD wait time  
8. Loop compensation  
6. Private Route  
7. Route Cost  
1. Translation type  
2. Show address pool  
3. Dynamic IP pool  
4. Add static entry  
5. Remove static entry  
6. NAT enable  
4]  
1. Auto learning  
2. LMI type  
3. Polling interval  
4. Enquiry interval  
5. Error threshold  
6. Monitored events  
1]  
Connection Set-Up  
5]  
6]  
1. Primary link  
2. Auto-call  
T1/E1 Set-Up  
Slot/Channel Set-Up  
1. Link mode  
2. LBO  
3. T1/E1 framing  
4. Channel rate/Speed  
5. E1 CRC4  
6. Slot/Channel Set-Up  
7. Line encoding  
8. Alarm generation  
9. T1.403 PRM  
1. Idle code  
2. Number  
3. Start  
4. Speed  
5. E1 timeslot 16  
6. Status  
1]  
2]  
Remote Site Set-Up  
Edit Remote Site  
1. Connection set-up menu  
2. Activation menu  
1. Edit Remote Site menu  
1]  
2]  
1]  
2. Remote site summary  
3. Display learned summary  
3. Call summary  
Bridge Parameters  
STP Parameters  
3. Protocol set-up menu  
4. Security parameters menu  
5. Remote site alias  
1. STP parameters menu  
2. Bridge enabled  
3. Tinygram  
1. State  
2. Path cost  
3. Priority  
4. Remove remote site  
5. Manual call  
6. Connection  
7. Primary connection  
8. Secondary connection  
9. Remote site type  
4. FCS preservation  
2]  
6. Force disconnect  
1]  
Activation  
1. Schedule  
2. Usage set-up  
3. Threshold set-up  
4. Inactivity timer  
5. Recovery timer  
IP Routing  
IP Parameters  
1. Routing protocol  
2. RIP mode  
1. IP routing menu  
2. NAT Advanced menu  
3. IP enabled  
4. NAT enabled  
5. Link IP address  
6. Peer IP address  
3. Triggered RIP  
4. Auto Default Route  
5. Link cost  
3]  
Security Set-Up  
Default Parameters  
2]  
1]  
1. Default parameters menu  
2. Security level  
3. Request security  
4. CHAP challenges  
5. Caller ID security  
Schedule  
1. Outgoing user name  
2. Outgoing PAP password  
3. Outgoing CHAP secret  
NAT advanced  
7. Private Route/Negotiate address  
8. VJ compression  
1. Activation intervals  
2. Display schedule  
3. Display time  
1. Translation type  
2. Show address pool  
3. Dynamic IP pool  
4. Add static entry  
5. Remove static entry  
3]  
IPX Parameters  
2]  
Usage Set-Up  
1. Usage limit  
2. Call limit  
3. Restart time  
1. IPX enabled  
2. Link IPX type  
3. IPX net  
4 Local IPX node  
5. Peer IPX node  
6. Static routes only  
7. IPX DMR enabled  
8. Force RIP update  
4]  
1]  
PPP Set-Up  
Advanced PPP Set-Up  
1. Advanced PPP Set-Up menu  
2. Restart Timer  
1. ACFC  
2. PFC  
3. Configure Count  
4. Failure Count  
3. Echo monitoring  
4. Quality protocol  
5. Quality interval  
6. MP encapsulation  
7. MP sequencing  
8. MP discriminator  
9. MP minimum  
5. Terminate Count  
4]  
CCP Parameters  
3]  
4]  
1. Compression  
2. Extended sequence  
Protocol Set-Up  
1. Bridge parameters menu  
2. IP parameters menu  
3. IPX parameters menu  
4. CCP parameters menu  
5. Force disconnect  
6. Link summary  
Security Parameters  
1. Incoming PAP password  
2. Incoming CHAP secret  
3. Outgoing user name  
4. Outgoing PAP password  
5. Outgoing CHAP secret  
Continued on  
next page  
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Continued from  
previous page  
5]  
3]  
4]  
4]  
1]  
2]  
Syslog  
Application Set-Up  
Firewall Set-Up  
NAT Exports  
SNMP Set-Up  
DHCP Set-Up  
1. Syslog  
2. Syslog IP  
3. Events  
4. Security  
5. Activation  
6. Firewall  
1. Edit Services  
2. Router port  
3. Default export  
4. Show services  
5. Clear services  
1. LAN firewall setup menu  
2. WAN firewall setup menu  
3. Block src IP spoofing  
1. Edit Community menu  
2. Message Size  
1. SNMP set-up menu  
2. DHCP set-up menu  
3. Firewall set-up menu  
4. NAT exports  
5. Syslog  
1. Server IP pool address menu  
2.DNS setup menu  
3. Show Communities  
4. Remove Community  
3. NetBIOS setup menu  
1,2]  
4. DHCP services  
LAN / WAN Firewall Set-Up  
5. Relay destination  
6. ICMP echo verification  
7. Lease period  
1]  
6. Time to live  
7. Ping  
1. Designated servers menu  
2. Edit firewall entry menu  
3.Firewall  
4. Firewall statistics  
5. Clear statistics  
6. Show firewall entries  
7. Remove entry  
Edit Community  
1]  
8. Default Gateways  
Edit Services  
1. Write Access  
1]  
2. Show Addresses  
3. Add Address  
Server IP address pool  
1. Other Services menu  
2. E-mail  
4. Remove Address  
1. IP address pool  
3. POP 2/3  
4. FTP  
5. WWW (HTTP)  
6. Telnet  
7. DNS  
2. Show address pool  
3. Add static address  
4. Remove static address  
1]  
Designated Servers  
2]  
DNS Set-Up  
1. E-mail (SMTP) server  
2. POP 2/3 server  
3. FTP server  
1. Primary DNS  
2. Secondary DNS  
3. Domain name  
Other Services  
1]  
4. WWW (HTTP) server  
5. Telnet server  
1.NAT port  
2. Status  
6. Local DNS  
3]  
3. Host IP address  
4. Host port  
5. Description  
6. Remove  
7. Remote DNS  
NetBIOS Setup  
8. Secondary local DNS  
9. Secondary remote DNS  
1. Send NetBIOS node type  
2. Send NetBIOS scope  
3. Send NetBIOS name srv  
4. NetBIOS node type  
5. NetBIOS scope Id  
6. NetBIOS name server  
2]  
5]  
6]  
1]  
Edit Firewall Entry  
2]  
Bridging Set-Up  
Spanning Tree  
Router Port  
1. Dest IP address  
2. Destination mask  
3. Source IP address  
4. Source mask  
5. Protocol type  
6. Source port  
1. STP State  
1. Spanning Tree menu  
1.Telnet  
2. Bridge Priority  
3. Forwarding Delay  
4. Message Age Timer  
5. Hello Time  
2. Bridge Forwarding  
3. Bridge Aging Timer  
4. Show Bridging Table  
5. Show Permanent Table  
6. Clear Bridging Table  
2. TFTP  
3. SNMP  
6. Show Bridge  
7. Show Ports  
7. Destination port  
8. Description  
9. Entry direction  
2]  
1]  
IP Routing Set-Up  
IP Routes  
ARP Set-Up  
1]  
1. IP Routes menu  
2. ARP Set-up menu  
3. IP routing  
4. IP forwarding  
5. ARP proxy  
Edit Static Route  
1. Edit Static Route  
2. Default Gateway  
3. Show all Routes  
4. Show Static Routes  
5. Clear Static Routes  
1. ARP aging timer  
2. ARP retry timer  
3. Add  
4. Remove  
1. Destination  
2. Status  
3. Remote site  
2. Next hop  
3. Type  
5. Show ARP table  
4. Cost  
5. Private  
6. Add/Remove  
7. Network mask  
8. Status  
7]  
1]  
IPX Routing Set-Up  
2]  
Static Routes  
1. Edit Route  
2. Convert Route  
3. Show Static Routes  
4. Clear Static Routes  
Static Services  
1. Edit Service  
2. Convert Service  
3. Show Static Services  
4. Clear Static Services  
1. Static Routes menu  
2. Static Services menu  
3. IPX Routing  
4. IPX Forwarding  
5. Local Networks  
6. Show Routes  
7. Show Services  
8. Help  
1]  
Edit Route  
Edit Service  
1. Status  
1]  
1. Status  
2. Network  
3. Interface  
4. Hops  
2. Server Name  
3. Service Type  
4. Interface  
5. Network  
6. Node  
5. Ticks  
7. Socket  
8. Hops  
8]  
1]  
2]  
3]  
4]  
MAC Address  
Filters  
Bridge Pattern  
IP Router Pattern  
IPX Router Pattern  
Filters  
Filter Set-Up  
Filters  
Filters  
1]  
1. MAC Address Filters  
1. Show Alias  
2. Add Alias  
3. RemoveAlias  
4. Show Pattern  
5. Add Pattern  
6. Remove Pattern  
7. Help  
1. Show Alias  
2. Add Alias  
3. Remove Alias  
4. Show Pattern  
5. Add Pattern  
6. Remove Pattern  
7. Help  
1. Show Alias  
2. Add Alias  
3. Remove Alias  
4. Show Pattern  
5. Add Pattern  
6. Remove Pattern  
7. Help  
1. Edit MAC Address Filter  
2. Filter Operation  
3. Broadcast Address  
4. Show Bridging Table  
5. Show Permanent Table  
6. Clear Bridging Table  
Edit MAC  
2. Bridge Pattern Filters  
3. IP Router Pattern Filters  
4. IPX Router Pattern Filters  
Address Filter  
1. Status  
2. Location  
3. Filter If Source  
4. Filter If Destination  
5. Permanent  
6. Remove  
1]  
2]  
3]  
3]  
Remote Site  
Information  
Statistics  
Statistics Set-Up  
LAN Statistics  
Link performance  
2
1. Extended Statistics  
2. Interval  
3. Clear All Statistics  
1. Bridged traffic  
2. IP traffic  
1. Display local  
2. Display local ATT  
3. Display far end  
4. Reset local  
5. Reset far end  
6. Reset all  
1. Statistics set-up menu  
2. Remote site information menu  
3. LAN statistics menu  
4. Link stats  
1.Common protocol stats  
2. PPP statistics  
3. IPX traffic  
4. Total LAN traffic  
5. LAN error  
3. Frame relay statistics  
4. Status  
5. Link performance menu  
6. Link summary  
7. Interface stats  
8. Interface status  
6. Clear LAN statistics  
7. Clear LAN errors  
5. Usage information  
6. Clear remote site stats  
9. Clear link & interface stats  
1]  
2]  
Diagnostics  
2]  
3]  
3
4
WAN Trace  
WAN diagnostics  
Test Pattern Set Up  
1. Pattern  
T1/E1 Loopback  
1. Trace link  
2. Real Time  
3. Capture  
4. End  
5. Data display  
6. Time  
1. Link operation  
1. Soft Reset  
2. Full Reset  
3. Heartbeat  
4. WAN trace  
5. WAN loopback  
2. Test pattern set-up menu  
1. Loopback type  
2. Loopback mode  
3. Loopback delay  
4. Start loopback  
3. T1 loopback menu  
2. External loopback  
3. CSU/DSU self test  
4. CSU/DSU digital loopback  
5. CSU/DSU remote loopback  
6. Help  
2. Start Xmt  
Network Events  
1. Acknowledge alarm  
2. Show events  
3. Clear events  
4. Show security log  
5. Clear security log  
6. Show resumption log  
7. Clear resumption log  
Menu Tree  
software release: F5P.06.02.xx  
Logout  
Help  
5
6
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* * * *  
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APPENDIX B  
OCTET LOCATIONS ON  
ETHERNET FRAMES  
This appendix provides octet locations for the various portions of  
three of the common Ethernet frames. When creating pattern filters  
these diagrams will assist in the correct definition of the patterns. The  
offset numbers are indicated by the numbers above the frame  
representations.  
Note the differences in the TCP/ IP and Novell frames when bridging  
and when routing. When routing, the TCP/ IP and Novell frames are  
examined after the Level 2 Ethernet portion of the frame has been  
stripped from the whole data frame. This means that the offset  
numbers now start from 0 at the beginning of the routed frame and  
not the bridged frame.  
Some of the common Ethernet type codes are also shown here. The  
Ethernet type codes are located at offset 12 of the bridged Ethernet  
frame.  
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Octet Locations on Ethernet Frames  
Octet Locations on a Bridged TCP/IP  
Frame  
Octet Locations on a Bridged Novell  
Netware Frame  
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Octet Locations on Ethernet Frames  
ETHERNET Type Codes  
Type Code  
Description  
0800  
DOD IP  
0801  
X.75 Internet  
0804  
Chaosnet  
0805  
X.25 Level 3  
0806  
ARP  
0807  
XNS Compatibility  
DEC MOP Dump/Load  
DEC MOP Remote Console  
DEC DECNET Phase IV Route  
DEC LAT  
6001  
6002  
6003  
6004  
6005  
DEC Diagnostic Protocol  
DEC Customer Protocol  
DEC LAVC, SCA  
Reverse ARP  
6006  
6007  
8035  
803D  
803F  
809B  
80D5  
80F3  
8137-8138  
814C  
DEC Ethernet Encryption  
DEC LAN Traffic Monitor  
Appletalk  
IBM SNA Service on Ether  
AppleTalk AARP (Kinetics)  
Novell, Inc.  
SNMP  
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Octet Locations on Ethernet Frames  
Octet Locations on an IP Routed  
TCP/IP Frame  
Octet Locations on an IPX Routed  
Novell Netware Frame  
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Octet Locations on Ethernet Frames  
Octet Locations on a Bridged XNS  
Frame  
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Octet Locations on Ethernet Frames  
* * * *  
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APPENDIX C  
SERVICING INFORMATION  
Opening of the case is only to be performed  
by qualified service personnel.  
WARNING !  
Before servicing ensure that appliance coupler is  
disconnected.  
Always disconnect the power cord from the rear panel of  
the bridge/router.  
Geraetesteckvorrichtung trennen vor den Wartung.  
Opening the case  
1)  
2)  
3)  
4)  
5)  
Remove power from the bridge/ router and remove the other  
cabling.  
Turn the bridge/ router over and place it on a flat, cushioned  
surface.  
Remove the two Phillips head screws that fasten the case  
together.  
Hold the two halves of the case together and turn the  
bridge/ router right side up.  
Lift off the top half of the case.  
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Servicing Information  
Identifying the Internal Components  
The major components and the jumper strap positions are shown:  
CPU  
J2  
1
2
4
6
Sanity Timer - Always ON  
Force ZMODEM SW Upgrade  
Return Password to Default  
Power  
V.35 / Universal  
10BaseT  
Figure C-1 Top Internal View of the router  
V.35 or Universal WAN interface  
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Servicing Information  
2
J11  
CPU  
Power  
CSU/DSU  
T1/E1  
10BaseT  
Figure C-2 Top Internal View of the  
CSU-DSU or T1/ E1  
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Servicing Information  
Sanity Timer  
Do not remove this strap – pins 1-2.  
Force ZMODEM Software Load  
On the rare occasion that during the programming of the FLASH  
something happens to the bridge/ router (power hit or hardware reset),  
causing the FLASH to become corrupted, the bridge/ router will restart  
in ZMODEM receive mode only. If the bridge/ router does not start in  
ZMODEM receive mode, perform the following steps:  
1) power down the bridge/ router,  
2) open the case,  
3) remove the strap from the center set of pins: 3-4,  
4) power up the bridge/ router. The bridge/ router should now restart  
and be in ZMODEM receive mode.  
5) Re-install the strap and replace the cover.  
Please refer to Appendix E or the Menus Reference Manual for  
information on how to do software upgrades.  
To Clear a “Lost” Password  
1) Remove power from the bridge/ router.  
2) Remove the case cover.  
3) Remove the jumper strap on pins 5-6.  
4) Re-attach the power to the bridge/ router and wait for Power LED  
to go green.  
5) Remove power from the bridge/ router.  
6) Re-install the jumper strap on pins 5-6.  
7) Install the case cover  
8) Power up the bridge/ router.  
9) Log into the bridge/ router using the default password “BRIDGE”  
and change the password as desired.  
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Servicing Information  
Connecting to the Console Connector  
The console connector on the router is a DCE interface on a  
RJ45 pinout. The supplied DB9 to RJ45 converter should be  
used to connect to the DB9 connector of a DTE terminal.  
This connection will then provide access to the built-in menu  
system.  
If the console interface is to be connected to a modem or  
other DCE device, a standard RS-232 crossover converter  
should be used.  
The following table illustrates the console pinouts.  
RJ45 connector  
on unit (DCE)  
DB9 connector  
on converter (DCE)  
RS-232  
signal name  
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
6
4
5
2
3
8
1
CTS  
DTR  
GND  
RxD  
TxD  
DSR  
CD  
Figure C-3 Rear View of the Console and LAN Connectors  
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Servicing Information  
WAN Interface Connection  
Pinout Information  
The router is manufactured with three different WAN link modules:  
V.35, LXT411 CSU/ DSU or Universal WAN. The type installed may  
be determined from the label above the WAN link output connector  
on the back of the router.  
V.35 Module:  
The V.35 link interface is provided as a DB25 connector on the back  
of the bridge/ router, so an interface converter is needed to convert to  
the standard V.35 connectors.  
When connecting two bridge/ routers back-to-back without modems, a  
null-modem cable is required to crossover the pins on the links.  
Crossing over the pins allows two bridge/ routers both configured as  
DTE interfaces to be connected together. With this configuration,  
both bridge/ routers will provide clocking for the links, and each  
bridge/ router must have a link speed defined.  
CSU/ DSU Module:  
Routers with an LXT411 CSU/ DSU interface module use a  
standard RJ45 service connector, pinout specification RJ48S.  
56/64  
CSU/DSU  
Figure C-4 Rear View of the CSU-DSU Connector  
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Servicing Information  
The LXT411 CSU/ DSU link connection is set to operate at 64  
Kbps by default. The link may be set to 56 Kbps via the software  
menus if required.  
When two CSU/ DSU link routers are to be connected via a  
leased line in a back to back set-up, the unit must be set to 56  
Kbps link speed and a null-modem crossover cable used for the  
connection.  
A DSU/ CSU crossover cable would be constructed as follows:  
1 --> 7  
2 --> 8  
7 --> 1  
8 --> 2  
T1/ E1 Module:  
Routers with a T1/ E1 interface module use a standard RJ45  
service connector, pinout specification RJ48C.  
T1/E1  
Figure C-5 Rear View of the T1/ E1 Connector  
When two T1/ E1 routers are to be connected in a back to back  
set-up, a null-modem crossover cable used for the connection.  
A T1/ E1 crossover cable would be constructed as follows:  
1 --> 4  
2 --> 5  
5 --> 2  
4 --> 1  
Pins 1 and 2 are receive (1 = ring, 2= tip)  
Pins 4 and 5 are transmit (4 = ring, 5= tip)  
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Servicing Information  
UNIVERSAL WAN Module:  
The Universal WAN Interface module in this router may be configured  
to operate in one of four modes: V.11/ X.21, V.35, RS232/ V.24, or  
RS530/ RS422. The interface connector for all types is a standard DB25  
pin female connector.  
1
13  
25  
14  
WARNING: ensure that the connector cable used with the Universal  
WAN interface module has the correct pinouts for the operational  
mode selected for the interface (V.11X.21, V.35, RS232/ V.24, or  
RS530/ RS422). Using the incorrect cable connector for the operational  
mode selected may cause permanent damage to the interface module.  
Pinouts for each mode of operation are listed on the pages following.  
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Servicing Information  
V.35 Link Pinouts  
Direction  
To From  
DCE DCE  
DB25  
Contact  
No.  
M.34  
Contact  
No.  
Circuit  
Name  
Protective Ground  
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
A
P
NA  
X
Transmitted Data (A)  
Received Data (A)  
Request to Send  
Clear to send  
R
C
D
E
B
F
X
X
X
X
Data Set Ready  
Signal Ground  
NA  
X
Data Channel Received Line Signal  
Detector  
Receiver Signal Element Timing (B)  
9
X
X
----------  
10  
11  
12  
13  
14  
15  
16  
17  
18  
19  
20  
21  
22  
23  
24  
25  
Terminal Signal Element Timing (B)  
Send Signal Element Timing (B)  
W
AA  
X
X
----------  
Send Data (B)  
S
Y
T
V
L
X
X
X
X
X
Send Signal Element Timing (A)  
Received Data (B)  
Received Signal Element Timing (A)  
Local Loopback  
----------  
Data Terminal Ready  
Remote Loopback  
----------  
H
N
X
----------  
Terminal Signal Element Timing (A)  
Test Mode  
U
NN  
X
X
Figure C - 6 V.35 Link Pin Outs  
The connecting cable must be a shielded cable.  
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Servicing Information  
Circuits which are paired (contain an (A) and (B)  
reference) should be connected to twisted pairs within  
the connecting cable.  
NOTE For U.K. Approval:  
The connecting cable may be any length between 0 and 5M.  
One end must be terminated in a male 34 pin X.21 bis  
connector as defined in ISO-2593 1984. The other end must  
be terminated in a male 25 pin X.21 bis connector as defined in  
ISO-2110 1989  
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Servicing Information  
RS232C / V.24 Link Pinouts  
Con Circ Circuit  
Direction  
tact  
No.  
uit  
Name  
To From  
DCE DCE  
1
AA  
BA  
BB  
CA  
Protective Ground  
NA  
X
2
Transmitted Data  
3
Received Data  
X
4
Request to Send  
X
5
----------  
6
CC  
AB  
CF  
Data Set Ready  
X
7
Signal Ground  
NA  
X
8
Received Line Signal Detector (CD)  
9
----------  
10  
11  
12  
13  
14  
15  
16  
17  
18  
19  
20  
21  
22  
23  
24  
25  
----------  
----------  
----------  
----------  
----------  
DB  
DD  
Transmit Signal Element Timing (DCE Source)  
X
----------  
Receive Signal Element Timing (DCE Source)  
X
Local Loopback  
X
----------  
CD  
CE  
DA  
Data Terminal Ready  
X
X
X
----------  
Ring Indicator  
----------  
Transmit Signal Element Timing (DTE Source)  
----------  
Figure C-7 RS232 / V.24 Link Pinouts  
The connecting cable must be a shielded cable.  
NOTE For U.K. Approval:  
The connecting cable may be any length between 0 and 5M. Each end  
must be terminated in a male 25 pin X.21 bis connector as defined in  
ISO-2110 1989.  
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Servicing Information  
RS530 / RS422 Link Pinouts  
Direction  
Contact  
Number  
Circuit  
To From  
Circuit  
Shield  
Name  
DCE DCE  
1
Protective Ground  
NA  
X
X
X
X
X
NA  
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
2
BA (A)  
BB (A)  
CA (A)  
CB (A)  
CC (A)  
AB  
Transmitted Data  
3
Received Data  
4
Request to Send  
5
Clear to Send  
6
Data Set Ready  
7
Signal Ground  
8
CF (A)  
DD (B)  
CF (B)  
DA (B)  
DB (B)  
CB (B)  
BA (B)  
DB (A)  
BB (B)  
Received Line Signal Detector  
Receive Signal Element Timing (DCE Source)  
Received Line Signal Detector  
Transmit Signal Element Timing (DTE Source)  
Transmit Signal Element Timing (DCE Source)  
Clear to Send  
9
10  
11  
12  
13  
14  
15  
16  
17  
18  
19  
20  
21  
22  
23  
24  
25  
Transmitted Data  
Transmit Signal Element Timing (DCE Source)  
Received Data  
DD (A) Receive Signal Element Timing (DCE Source)  
LL  
Local Loopback  
CA (B)  
CD (A)  
RL  
Request to Send  
Data Terminal Ready  
Remote Loopback  
CC (B)  
CD (B)  
DA (A)  
Data Set Ready  
Data Terminal Ready  
Transmit Signal Element Timing (DTE Source)  
----------  
Figure C-8 RS530 / RS422 Link Pinouts  
The connecting cable must be a shielded cable.  
Circuits which are paired (contain an (A) and (B) reference)  
should be connected to twisted pairs within the connecting cable.  
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Servicing Information  
V.11 / X.21 Link Pinouts  
X.21  
Direction  
Contact Circuits  
Circuit  
Name  
To From  
No.  
Ref.  
DCE DCE  
1
2
Protective Ground  
Transmitted Data (A)  
Control (A)  
NA  
T (A)  
C (A)  
R (A)  
I (A)  
X
X
X
X
X
3
4
Received Data (A)  
Indication (A)  
5
6
S (A)  
Signal Element Timing (A)  
----------  
7
8
Ground  
T (B)  
C (B)  
R (B)  
I (B)  
Signal Ground  
Transmitted Data (B)  
Control (B)  
NA  
9
X
X
X
X
X
10  
11  
12  
13  
14  
15  
Received Data (B)  
Indication (B)  
S (B)  
Signal Element Timing (B)  
----------  
----------  
Figure C-9 V.11 / X.21 Link Pinouts  
The connecting cable must be a shielded cable.  
Circuits which are paired (contain an (A) and (B) reference)  
should be connected to twisted pairs within the connecting cable.  
NOTE For U.K. Approval:  
The connecting cable may be any length between 0 and 5M.  
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Servicing Information  
V.11 / X.21 DB25 to DB15  
Connector Cable  
DB25 MALE  
1
DB15 MALE  
Protective Ground  
Transmit Data (A)  
Receive Data(A)  
Signal Ground  
Indication (A)  
Protective Ground  
1
Transmit Data (A)  
2
3
4
Receive Data (A)  
Signal Ground  
8
7
8
5
Indication (A)  
Indication (B)  
Indication (B)  
10  
12  
Signal Element Timing (B)  
Transmit Data (B)  
13  
9
12  
14  
Signal Element Timing (B)  
Transmit Data (B)  
15 Signal Element Timing (A)  
16 Receive Data (B)  
Signal Element Timing (A)  
Receive Data (B)  
6
11  
3
Control (A)  
Control (B)  
20  
23  
Control (A)  
Control (B)  
10  
Figure C-10 V.11 / X.21 DB25 to DB15 Connector Cable  
NOTE For U.K. Approval:  
The connecting cable may be any length between 0 and 5M.  
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Servicing Information  
V.35 Null-Modem Cable Configuration  
Figure C - 11 V.35 Null-Modem Cable  
The connecting cable must be a shielded cable.  
Circuits which are paired (contain an (A) and (B) reference)  
should be connected to twisted pairs within the connecting cable.  
This cable is needed when it is necessary to connect two units back-to-  
back and a set of modems is not available. Note that this cable  
specifies DB25 connectors on each end to allow direct connection to  
the link interface connector on each unit.  
The link speed must be defined for each of the two units.  
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Servicing Information  
RS232 / V.24 Null-Modem Cable  
DB25 MALE  
DB25 MALE  
1
2
Shield  
Shield  
1
3
Transmitted Data  
Received Data  
3
4
6
2
6
Received Data  
Transmitted Data  
Data Set Ready  
Request To Send  
Data Set Ready  
4
Request To Send  
20 DTE Ready  
Received Line Signal Detector (CD)  
8
7
8
Signal Ground  
7
Signal Ground  
DTE Ready  
Received Line Signal Detector (CD)  
20  
Receiver Timing DCE Source 17  
15 Transmit Timing DCE Source  
Transmit Timing DCE Source  
17 Receiver Timing DCE Source  
24 Transmit Timing DTE Source  
15  
Transmit Timing DTE Source  
24  
Figure C-12 RS232 / V.24 Null-Modem Cable  
The connecting cable must be a shielded cable.  
This cable is needed when it is necessary to connect two units  
back-to-back and a set of modems is not available. Note that this  
cable specifies DB25 connectors on each end to allow direct  
connection to the link interface connector on each unit. The link  
speed must be defined for each of the two units.  
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Servicing Information  
RS530 / RS422 Null-Modem Cable  
DB25 MALE  
DB25 MALE  
1
Shield  
Shield  
1
Received Data (A)  
3
2
Transmitted Data (A)  
Received Data (B)  
Transmitted Data (A)  
Transmitted Data (B)  
DCE Ready (A)  
14 Transmitted Data (B)  
Received Data (A)  
16 Received Data (B)  
Request To Send (A)  
19 Request To Send (B)  
Clear To Send (A)  
13 Clear To Send (B)  
DCE Ready (A)  
16  
2
3
14  
6
4
DCE Ready (B)  
22  
5
Clear To Send (A)  
Clear To Send (B)  
5
13  
6
Request To Send (A)  
4
22 DCE Ready (B)  
20 DTE Ready (A)  
23 DTE Ready (B)  
Request To Send (B) 19  
Received Line Signal Detector (A)  
8
Received Line Signal Detector (B)  
10  
7
8
Signal Ground  
7
20  
23  
17  
9
Signal Ground  
DTE Ready (A)  
Received Line Signal Detector (A)  
10 Received Line Signal Detector (B)  
15 Transmit Timing (A) DCE Source  
12 Transmit Timing (B) DCE Source  
DTE Ready (B)  
Receiver Timing (A) DCE Source  
Receiver Timing (B) DCE Source  
Transmit Timing (A) DTE Source  
Transmit Timing (B) DTE Source  
Transmit Timing (A) DTE Source  
Transmit Timing (B) DTE Source  
Local Loopback  
24  
11  
24  
11  
18  
18 Local Loopback  
21 Remote Loopback  
21  
15  
12  
25  
Remote Loopback  
Receiver Timing (A) DCE Source  
17  
Transmit Timing (A) DCE Source  
Transmit Timing (B) DCE Source  
Receiver Timing (B) DCE Source  
9
25 Test Mode  
Test Mode  
Figure C-13 RS530 / RS422 Null-Modem Cable  
The connecting cable must be a shielded cable.  
Circuits which are paired (contain an (A) and (B) reference)  
should be connected to twisted pairs within the connecting cable.  
This cable is needed when it is necessary to connect two units back-to-  
back and a set of modems is not available. Note that this cable  
specifies DB25 connectors on each end to allow direct connection to  
the link interface connector on each unit. The link speed must be  
defined for each of the two units.  
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Servicing Information  
* * * *  
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Software Upgrades  
APPENDIX D  
SOFTWARE UPGRADES  
Procedures for performing a Console ZMODEM Flash  
Load to upgrade the operating software of the router:  
1) Save the current configuration of the router (Main menu: option  
6).  
2) Execute the Console (ZMODEM) command from the Load  
FLASH Set-Up menu.  
3) Confirmation is required. Enter “yes” to proceed.  
4) After the router restarts, the router will be in receive ZMODEM  
mode. The router will display the following messages on the  
console port:  
System startup  
Receiving ZMODEM ...  
**B0100000023be50  
5) Start the ZMODEM transfer and send the file “# # # .all” from the  
Operational/ BOOT Code directory on the CD-ROM.  
6) Once the ZMODEM transfer is complete, the router will verify the  
file “# # # .all” in memory, program and verify the FLASH, clear  
the configuration to default values (except the password), and then  
reset. A byte status message will be displayed on the console port  
during the programming of the FLASH. After the reset, the remote  
sites information will have to be re-entered, either from a saved  
configuration file (recommended) or by manually reentering the  
information for each site.  
On the rare occasion that during the programming of the  
FLASH something happens to the bridge/ router (power hit or  
hardware reset), causing the FLASH to become corrupted, the  
bridge/ router will restart in ZMODEM receive mode only. If  
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the bridge/ router does not start in ZMODEM receive mode,  
refer to Appendix D: Servicing Information for recovery  
procedure.  
The ZMODEM Load Flash operation may be aborted by aborting  
the ZMODEM transfer and then entering 5 control-X characters  
“^X” from the console keyboard. After the control-X characters are  
sent, the router will display a limited menu system. Choose the  
Abort Load option from the Load FLASH Set-Up menu. This will  
cause the router to reset and return to normal operations operating  
from the existing software.  
If the ZMODEM transfer operation needs to be restarted after it  
has been canceled or after loading the first file, simply choose the  
Console (ZMODEM) option from the Load FLASH Set-Up menu  
once again.  
Considerations:  
When the router is placed in Console load BOOT mode, the  
LAN interface and the WAN interface will be disabled. The  
router will only accept information from the console  
management port.  
The BOOT code of the router may be upgraded by performing a load  
of the “# # # .all” file from the Operational/ BOOT Code directory on  
the CD-ROM.  
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Servicing Information  
Procedures for performing a TFTP Flash Load to upgrade  
the operating software of the router:  
1) Execute the Network (TFTP) command from the Load FLASH  
Set-Up menu.  
2) Enter “none” to connect locally or enter the remote site ID  
number or alias to connect to a remote site.  
3) Start the TFTP application to be used for transfers to the router.  
The IP address of the router may be found in the Internet Set-Up  
menu.  
4) Put the file “# # # .all” for this router from the Operational/ BOOT  
Code directory on the CD-ROM to the router. (Any router not in  
Network Load BOOT mode will respond with an access violation  
error.)  
5) The router will verify the file “# # # .all” in memory, program and  
verify the FLASH, clear the configuration to default values (except:  
IP Address, IP Routing state, IP Forwarding state, WAN  
Environment, Link 1 & 2 State, Password and connection data for  
the remote site, if applicable), and then reset. After the reset, the  
remote sites information will have to be re-entered, either from a  
saved configuration file (recommended) or by manually reentering  
the information for each site.  
The router may take up to two (2) minutes to program and verify  
the FLASH. The console will not respond during this time.  
To check on the router’s current state during this process, get the  
file “status.txt” from the router. This file will report the router’s  
state: both the mode and version if no errors have occurred, or an  
error message.  
On the rare occasion that during the programming of the  
FLASH something happens to the bridge/ router (power hit or  
hardware reset), causing the FLASH to become corrupted, the  
bridge/ router will restart in ZMODEM receive mode only. If  
93  
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the bridge/ router does not start in ZMODEM receive mode,  
refer to Appendix D: Servicing Information.  
The TFTP Load Flash operation may be aborted by re-  
connecting to the console of the router and choosing the  
Abort Load option from the Load FLASH Set-Up menu. This  
will cause the router to reset and return to normal operations  
operating from the existing software.  
In the following diagram of a cluster of routers, when upgrading  
the three routers in the diagram, the upgrade order should be  
Router C, then Router B, and finally Router A.  
A TFTP software load to Router C would be performed as  
follows:  
-
-
Using TFTP, get config.txt from each router and save.  
Telnet to Router C. Enter the ID or alias of Router B in  
the Network (TFTP) option to put Router C in Network  
Load mode. When Router C restarts in Network Load  
mode, the connection to “Router B” will be re-  
established only if autocall is enabled on router B.  
The TFTP transfer of the upgrade code may now be  
performed from the PC to Router C. Once  
Router C has completed programming the flash and has  
restarted in operational mode, the connection to Router B  
will be re-established only if autocall is enabled on router B.  
Once router C is operating with the new software, the PC may  
be used to reload the config.txt file back to Router C.  
Repeat for Router B, then again for Router A. Perform the  
Router B upgrade using the ID or alias of Router A. Router A  
upgrades would not require a remote site ID as the PC used  
for TFTP transfers is located on the same LAN as Router A.  
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PC used for  
TFTP transfers  
Router A  
Link 1  
Router B  
Link 2  
Router C  
5500099-10  
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* * * *  
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