In sta lla tion a n d Qu ick Sta r t Gu id e
Agilen t Tech n ologies
8719ET/ES
8720ET/ES
8722ET/ES
Netw or k An a lyzer s
Pa r t Nu m ber : 08720-90391
P r in ted in USA
P r in t Da te: Febr u a r y 2001
Supersedes: May 2000
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Cer tifica tion
Agilent Technologies Company certifies that this product met its published specifications
at the time of shipment from the factory. Agilent Technologies further certifies that its
calibration measurements are traceable to the United States National Institute of
Standards and Technology, to the extent allowed by the Institute's calibration facility, and
to the calibration facilities of other International Standards Organization members.
Regu la tor y a n d Wa r r a n ty In for m a tion
The regulatory and warranty information is in the User's Guide.
Assista n ce
Product maintenance agreements and other customer assistance agreements are available
for Agilent Technologies products. For any assistance, contact your nearest Agilent
Sa fety Notes
The following safety notes are used throughout this manual. Familiarize yourself with
each of the notes and its meaning before operating this instrument.
WARNING
Wa r n in g d en otes a h a za r d . It ca lls a tten tion to a p r oced u r e w h ich , if
n ot cor r ectly p er for m ed or a d h er ed to, cou ld r esu lt in in ju r y or loss
of life. Do n ot p r oceed beyon d a w a r n in g n ote u n til th e in d ica ted
con d ition s a r e fu lly u n d er stood a n d m et.
CAUTION
Caution denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure that, if not
correctly performed or adhered to, would result in damage to or destruction of
the instrument. Do not proceed beyond a caution sign until the indicated
conditions are fully understood and met.
iii
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Gen er a l Sa fety Con sid er a tion s
WARNING
For con tin u ed p r otection a ga in st fir e h a za r d r ep la ce lin e fu se on ly
w ith sa m e typ e a n d r a tin g (115V op er a tion : T 5A 125V UL/ 230V
op er a tion : T 4A H 250V IEC). Th e u se of oth er fu ses or m a ter ia l is
p r oh ibited .
WARNING
Th is is a Sa fety Cla ss I p r od u ct (p r ovid ed w ith a p r otective ea r th in g
gr ou n d in cor p or a ted in th e p ow er cor d ). Th e m a in s p lu g sh a ll on ly
be in ser ted in a sock et ou tlet p r ovid ed w ith a p r otective ea r th
con ta ct. An y in ter r u p tion of th e p r otective con d u ctor, in sid e or
ou tsid e th e in str u m en t, is lik ely to m a k e th e in str u m en t d a n ger ou s.
In ten tion a l in ter r u p tion is p r oh ibited .
CAUTION
Ven tila tion Requ ir em en ts: When installing the instrument in a cabinet,
the convection into and out of the instrument must not be restricted. The
ambient temperature (outside the cabinet) must be less than the maximum
operating temperature of the instrument by 4 °C for every 100 watts
dissipated in the cabinet. If the total power dissipated in the cabinet is
greater than 800 watts, then forced convection must be used.
How to Use Th is Gu id e
This guide uses the following conventions:
This represents a key physically located on the
instrument.
Front-Panel Key
SOF TKEY
This represents a “softkey,” a key whose label is
determined by the instrument’s firmware.
Screen Text
This represents text displayed on the instrument’s screen.
iv
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Docu m en ta tion Ma p
The Installation and Quick Start Guide provides procedures for
installing, configuring, and verifying the operation of the analyzer. It
also will help you familiarize yourself with the basic operation of the
analyzer.
The User’s Guide shows how to make measurements, explains
commonly-used features, and tells you how to get the most
performance from your analyzer.
The Reference Guide provides reference information, such as
specifications, menu maps, and key definitions.
The Programmer’s Guide provides general GPIB programming
information, a command reference, and example programs. The
Programmer’s Guide contains a CD-ROM with example programs.
The CD-ROM provides the Installation and Quick Start Guide, the
User’s Guide, the Reference Guide, and the Programmer’s Guide in
PDF format for viewing or printing from a PC.
The Service Guide provides information on calibrating,
troubleshooting, and servicing your analyzer. The Service Guide is not
part of a standard shipment and is available only as Option 0BW, or
by ordering part number 08720-90397. A CD-ROM with the Service
Guide in PDF format is included for viewing or printing from a PC.
v
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Con ten ts
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2
STEP 1. Verify the Shipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3
STEP 2. Familiarize Yourself with the Analyzer Front and Rear Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-5
Analyzer Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-5
Analyzer Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-6
STEP 3. Meet Electrical and Environmental Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-7
To Configure the Standard Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-10
To Configure the Analyzer with Printers or Plotters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-11
To Configure the Analyzer for Bench Top or Rack Mount Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-16
STEP 5. Verify the Analyzer Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-20
To View the Installed Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-21
To Initiate the Analyzer Self-Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-22
STEP 6. Back Up the EEPROM Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-26
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-26
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-26
EEPROM Backup Disk Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-26
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-2
Analyzer Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3
Step 2. Make a measurement calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-5
Step 3. Measure the device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-5
Step 4. Output measurement results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-5
Step 3. Measure the device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8
Step 4. Output measurement results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-9
Measuring Other Transmission Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-10
Step 2. Make a measurement calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-15
Step 3. Measure the device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-16
Step 4. Output measurement results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-17
Measuring Other Reflection Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-18
If You Encounter a Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-23
Power-Up Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-23
Data Entry Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-24
No RF Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-24
Contents-vii
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Installing Your Analyzer
STEP 1. Verify the Shipment
STEP 1. Ver ify th e Sh ip m en t
1. Unpack the contents of all the shipping containers.
WARNING
The analyzer weighs approximately 54 pounds (25 kilograms). Use correct
lifting techniques.
2. Carefully inspect the analyzer to ensure that it was not damaged during shipment.
NOTE
If your analyzer was damaged during shipment, contact your nearest Agilent
Technologies office or sales representative. A list of Agilent Technologies sales and
Chapter 1
1-3
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Installing Your Analyzer
STEP 1. Verify the Shipment
3. Verify that all the accessories have been included with the analyzer.
ItemNumber
Part Number
Description
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
8
8
08720-90391
08720-90392
08720-90393
08753-90475
08720-90418
unique to instrument
unique to country
5062-3978
Installation and Quick Start Guide
User's Guide
Reference Guide
Programmer’s Guide
CD-ROM
EEPROM Backup Disk
AC power cable
Rack Flange Kit (Option 1CM only)
Rack Flange Kit with Handles (Option 1CP only)
Front Handle Kit (standard)
5062-4072
5062-3990
1-4
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Installing Your Analyzer
STEP 2. Familiarize Yourself with the Analyzer Front and Rear Panels
STEP 2. Fa m ilia r ize You r self w ith th e An a lyzer Fr on t a n d
Rea r Pa n els
An a lyzer Fr on t Pa n el
CAUTION
Do not mistake the line switch for the disk eject button. See the figure below. If the
line switch is mistakenly pushed, the instrument will be turned off, losing all settings
and data that have not been saved.
1 LINE (power on/off) switch
2 Display
8 RESPONSE function block
9 ACTIVE CHANNEL keys
10 ENTRY block
3 Disk drive
4 Disk eject button
5 Softkeys
11 INSTRUMENT STATE function block
12
key
Preset
13 ES models only: R CHANNEL connectors
6
key
Return
7 STIMULUS function block
14 ES models only:
PORT 1
ET models only:
REFLECTION
and
and
PORT 2
TRANSMISSION
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Installing Your Analyzer
STEP 2. Familiarize Yourself with the Analyzer Front and Rear Panels
An a lyzer Rea r Pa n el
b
1
11 RF IN/OUT
2 10 MHZ PRECISION REFERENCE
12 Serial number plate
a
OUTPUT
13 BIAS INPUTS and FUSES
14 TEST SET I/O INTERCONNECT
15 MEASURE RESTART
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Fan
Line voltage selector switch
Power cord receptacle, with fuse
KEYBOARD input (mini-DIN)
RS-232 interface
16 LIMIT TEST
17 TEST SEQUENCE
18 EXTERNAL TRIGGER connector
19 EXTERNAL AM connector
20 AUXILIARY INPUT connector
PARALLEL interface
GPIB connector
10 EXTERNAL MONITOR: VGA
21 EXTERNAL REFERENCE INPUT
connector
a. Option 1D5 only.
b. Option 085 only.
1-6
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Installing Your Analyzer
STEP 3. Meet Electrical and Environmental Requirements
STEP 3. Meet Electr ica l a n d En vir on m en ta l Requ ir em en ts
1. Set the line-voltage selector to the
position that corresponds to the AC power
source.
2. Ensure the available AC power source
meets the following requirements:
•
•
90–132 VAC
47–66 Hz / 400 Hz (single phase)
-or-
•
•
198–265 VAC
47–66 Hz (single phase)
The analyzer power consumption is 350 VA
maximum.
3. Ensure the operating environment meets
the following requirements:
4. Verify that the power cable is not
damaged, and that the power-source
outlet provides a protective earth contact.
•
•
0 to 55 °C
< 95% relative humidity at 40 °C
(non-condensing)
•
< 15,000 feet (≈ 4,500 meters) altitude
Some analyzer performance parameters are
specified for 25 °C ±5 °C. Refer to the
Reference Guide for information on the
environmental compatibility of warranted
performance.
WARNING
An y in ter r u p tion of th e
p r otective (gr ou n d in g)
con d u ctor or
d iscon n ection of th e
p r otective ea r th ter m in a l,
ca n r esu lt in p er son a l
in ju r y, or m a y d a m a ge th e
a n a lyzer.
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Installing Your Analyzer
STEP 3. Meet Electrical and Environmental Requirements
5. Ensure there are at least six inches of clearance between the sides and back of either the
stand-alone analyzer or the system cabinet.
CAUTION
The environmental temperature must be 4 °C less than the maximum
operating temperature of the analyzer for every 100 watts dissipated in the
cabinet. If the total power dissipated in the cabinet is >800 watts, then you
must provide forced convection.
6. Set up a static-safe workstation. Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can damage or destroy
electronic components.
•
static-control table mat and earth
ground wire: part number 9300-0797
•
•
•
•
wrist-strap cord: part number 9300-0980
wrist-strap: part number 9300-1367
heel-straps: part number 9300-1308
floor mat: not available through Agilent
Technologies
1-8
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Installing Your Analyzer
STEP 4. Configure the Analyzer
STEP 4. Con figu r e th e An a lyzer
This step shows you how to set up your particular analyzer configuration.
•
•
•
•
standard configuration
Option 1D5 configuration − high stability frequency reference
printer or plotter configuration
rack-mount configuration
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Installing Your Analyzer
STEP 4. Configure the Analyzer
To Con figu r e th e Sta n d a r d An a lyzer
Connect test port cables and optional adapters if you are using other connector types.
To Con figu r e a n An a lyzer w ith a High Sta bility Fr equ en cy
Refer en ce (Op tion 1D5)
Connect the jumper cable on the analyzer rear panel as shown.
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Installing Your Analyzer
STEP 4. Configure the Analyzer
To Con figu r e th e An a lyzer w ith P r in ter s or P lotter s
1. Connect your printer or plotter to the corresponding interface.
2. If you are using the parallel interface, press
choice of COP Y or GP IO appears.
and toggle PARALLEL until your
Local
If you choose:
COP Y
the parallel port is dedicated for
normal copy device use (printers
or plotters).
GP IO
the parallel port is dedicated for
general purpose I/O. The
analyzer controls the data input
or output through the sequencing
capability of the analyzer.
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Installing Your Analyzer
STEP 4. Configure the Analyzer
3. Press SET ADDRESSES and then choose either P RINTER P ORT or
P LOTTER P ORT , depending on your printer/plotter device. Or, if you are plotting
your files to disk, press SET ADDRESSES P LOTTER P ORT DISK .
4. Press the key that corresponds to your printer or plotter interface: GP IB ,
PARALLEL (parallel port), or SERIAL (serial port).
NOTE
The plotter menu is shown as an example. It will only appear if you select
P LOTTER P ORT . Similar interface choices will appear if you select
P RINTER P ORT .
•
•
If you select GP IB , the GPIB address
selection is active. Enter the GPIB
address of your printer or plotter,
followed by
.
x1
If you have already selected the
PARALLEL [COP Y] choice for the
parallel-port configuration, you must
also select PARALLEL in this menu in
order to generate a hardcopy.
1-12
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Installing Your Analyzer
STEP 4. Configure the Analyzer
5. If you will be using the serial port, adjust the analyzer's baud rate until it is equal to the
baud rate set on the peripheral by pressing P LOTTER BAUD RATE or
P RINTER BAUD RATE and the
and
front panel keys.
NOTE
The plotter menu is shown as an example. It will only appear if you select
P LOTTER P ORT .
You can set the analyzer to the following
baud rates:
•
•
•
•
•
1200
2400
4800
9600
19200
6. Also, if you will be using the serial port, you must toggle the transmission control
XMIT CNTRL (handshaking protocol) until your choice of Xon /Xoff or DTR/DSR
appears (equal to the transmission control set on the peripheral). The printer menu is
shown as an example. It will only appear if you select P RINTER P ORT .
NOTE
Transmission control for plotters is set programmatically.
•
•
Xon /Xoff sets transmission
on/transmission off (software
handshake).
DTR/DSR sets data terminal
ready/data set ready (hardware
handshake).
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Installing Your Analyzer
STEP 4. Configure the Analyzer
7. If you will be creating a plot of the data, toggle P LTR TYP E until your choice of
P LOTTER or HP GL P RT appears.
•
•
Choose P LOTTER for a pen plotter.
Choose HP GL P RT for a PCL5
a
compatible printer.
8. If you will be using a printer, toggle P RNTR TYP E until your printer choice appears.
•
Choose your printer type from these
Hewlett-Packard printers:
❏
❏
THINKJ ET
DESKJ ET
(except for HP DeskJet 540 and
Deskjet 850C)
❏
❏
❏
LASERJ ET
PAINTJ ET
DJ 540 (for use with
HP DeskJet 540 and
Deskjet 850C—converts 100 dpi
raster information to 300 dpi raster
format)
•
Choose EP SON-P 2 for
Epson-compatible printers (ESC/P2
printer control language).
a. For a current printer compatibility guide, consult the web page at
1-14
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Installing Your Analyzer
STEP 4. Configure the Analyzer
10. Press each of the following softkeys to
set the date and time, followed by
9. Press
SET CLOCK to begin
System
setting and activating the time stamp
feature so the analyzer places the time
and date on your hardcopies and disk
directories.
.
x1
11. Press ROUND SECONDS when the time is exactly as you have set it.
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Installing Your Analyzer
STEP 4. Configure the Analyzer
To Con figu r e th e An a lyzer for Ben ch Top or Ra ck Mou n t Use
There are three kits available for the analyzer:
•
•
•
instrument front handles kit (standard: part number 5062-3990)
cabinet flange kit without front handles (Option 1CM: part number 5062-3978)
cabinet flange kit with front handles (Option 1CP: part number 5062-4072)
1-16
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Installing Your Analyzer
STEP 4. Configure the Analyzer
To Atta ch Fr on t Ha n d les to th e An a lyzer (Sta n d a r d )
1. Ensure that the front handle kit is complete. 2. Remove the side trim strips.
•
•
•
(2) front handles
(6) screws
(2) trim strips
NOTE
If any items are damaged or
missing from the kit, contact the
nearest Agilent Technologies
sales or service office to order a
replacement kit. Items within
the kit (handles, flanges, screws,
etc.) are not individually
available.
3. Attach the handles to the sides of the front
4. Place the new trim strip over the screws on
panel, using three screws for each handle.
the handles.
WARNING
If a n in str u m en t h a n d le is
d a m a ged , you sh ou ld r ep la ce
it im m ed ia tely. Da m a ged
h a n d les ca n br ea k w h ile you
a r e m ovin g or liftin g th e
in str u m en t a n d ca u se
p er son a l in ju r y or d a m a ge to
th e in str u m en t.
Chapter 1
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Installing Your Analyzer
STEP 4. Configure the Analyzer
To Atta ch Ca bin et F la n ges w ith ou t Fr on t Ha n d les to th e An a lyzer
(Op tion 1CM)
1. Ensure that the cabinet flange kit is
2. Remove side trim strips.
complete.
•
•
(2) cabinet mount flanges
(6) screws
3. Attach the cabinet flanges to the sides of
the front panel using three screws for
each flange.
4. Remove the feet and the tilt stands before
cabinet mounting the instrument.
1-18
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Installing Your Analyzer
STEP 4. Configure the Analyzer
To Atta ch Ca bin et F la n ges w ith Fr on t Ha n d les to th e An a lyzer
(Op tion 1CP )
1. Ensure that the cabinet flange kit with
2. Remove the side trim strips.
handles is complete.
•
•
•
(2) cabinet mount flanges
(2) front handles
(6) screws
3. Attach the cabinet mount flanges and the
handles to the sides of the front panel,
using three screws per side. (Attach the
flanges to the outside of the handles.)
4. Remove the feet and the tilt stands before
cabinet mounting the instrument.
WARNING
If a n in str u m en t h a n d le is
d a m a ged , you sh ou ld
r ep la ce it im m ed ia tely.
Da m a ged h a n d les ca n br ea k
w h ile you a r e m ovin g or
liftin g th e in str u m en t a n d
ca u se p er son a l in ju r y or
d a m a ge to th e in str u m en t.
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Installing Your Analyzer
STEP 5. Verify the Analyzer Operation
STEP 5. Ver ify th e An a lyzer Op er a tion
The following procedures show you how to check your analyzer for correct operation:
•
•
•
•
•
viewing installed options
initiating self-test
running operator's check
testing transmission mode
testing reflection mode
NOTE
If the analyzer should fail any of the following tests, call the nearest Agilent
Technologies sales or service office to determine the type of warranty you
have. If repair is necessary, send the analyzer (and the EEPROM backup
disk) to the nearest Agilent Technologies service center with a description of
any failed test and any error message. Ship the analyzer using the original
packaging materials. Returning the analyzer in anything other than the
original packaging may result in non-warranted damage. A table listing of
NOTE
The illustrations depicting the analyzer display were made using an ES
model. Other analyzer displays may appear different, depending on model
and options.
1-20
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Installing Your Analyzer
STEP 5. Verify the Analyzer Operation
To View th e In sta lled Op tion s
1. Cycle the AC power using the LINE switch, or press
F IRMWARE REVISION .
SERVICE MENU
System
2. Locate the serial number and configuration options. Compare them to the shipment
documents.
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Installing Your Analyzer
STEP 5. Verify the Analyzer Operation
To In itia te th e An a lyzer Self-Test
1. Cycle the AC power using the LINE switch.
2. Watch for the following indications that the analyzer is operating correctly:
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Installing Your Analyzer
STEP 5. Verify the Analyzer Operation
To Ru n th e Op er a tor 's Ch eck
1. Connect the equipment as shown.
2. Press
Preset
System
SERVICE MENU TESTS
EXTERNAL TESTS EXECUTE TEST .
Follow the prompts shown on the analyzer
display and then press CONTINUE .
3. ET models only: Press
3. ES models only: Press
EXECUTE TEST . Follow the prompts
EXECUTE TEST . Follow the prompts
shown on the analyzer display and then
shown on the analyzer display and then
press CONTINUE .
press CONTINUE .
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Installing Your Analyzer
STEP 5. Verify the Analyzer Operation
To Test th e Tr a n sm ission Mod e
1. Connect the equipment as shown and press
2. To check the forward transmission mode for
channel 2, press
.
Preset
Chan 2
Meas
Tr a n s: F WD S21(B/R) or
TRANSMISSN .
NOTE
The test port return cable
should have low-loss
characteristics to avoid a
degradation in frequency
response at higher frequencies.
3. Look at the measurement trace displayed
on the analyzer. It should be similar to the
trace below.
4. ES models only: To check the reverse
transmission mode for channel 2, press
Tr a n s: REV S12 (A/R) .
Meas
The measurement trace should be similar
to the trace below.
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Installing Your Analyzer
STEP 5. Verify the Analyzer Operation
To Test th e Reflection Mod e
1. Connect the equipment as shown and
2. Look at the measurement trace displayed
on the analyzer. It should be similar to
the trace below.
press
.
Preset
3. ES models only: To check the reverse
reflection mode for channel 1, press
4. If you are ready to start making
measurements, continue with Chapter 2 ,
Refl: REV S22 (B/R) .
Meas
The measurement trace should be similar
to the trace shown below.
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Installing Your Analyzer
STEP 6. Back Up the EEPROM Disk
STEP 6. Ba ck Up th e EEP ROM Disk
Descr ip tion
Correction constants are stored in EEPROM on the A7 controller assembly. The advantage
of having an EEPROM backup disk is the ability to store all the correction-constant data to
a new or repaired A7 assembly without having to rerun the correction-constant
procedures. The analyzer is shipped from the factory with an EEPROM backup disk which
is unique to each instrument. It is prudent to make a copy of the EEPROM backup disk so
that it can be used in case of failure or damage to the original backup disk.
Equ ip m en t
3.5-inch disk.............................................................................................92192A (box of 10)
CAUTION
Do not mistake the line switch for the disk eject button. If the line switch is
mistakenly pushed, the instrument will be turned off, losing all settings and
data that have not been saved.
EEP ROM Ba ck u p Disk P r oced u r e
1. Press
.
Preset
2. Insert a 3.5-inch disk into the analyzer disk drive.
3. If the disk is not formatted, press F ILE UTILITIES F ORMAT DISK .
Save/Recall
•
To format a LIF disk, select F ORMAT:LIF (The supplied EEPROM backup disk is
LIF. The analyzer does not support LIF-HFS format.)
•
To format a DOS disk, select F ORMAT:DOS .
Press F ORMAT INT DISK and answer YES at the query.
4. Press
SERVICE MENU SERVICE MODES MORE . Toggle STORE EEP R
System
to ON. Then press
SELECT DISK INTERNAL DISK RETURN
Save/Recall
SAVE STATE to store the correction-constants data onto floppy disk.
NOTE
A default file “FILE00” is created. The file name appears in the upper
left-hand corner of the display. The file type “ISTATE(E)” describes the file as
an instrument-state with EEPROM backup.
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Installing Your Analyzer
STEP 6. Back Up the EEPROM Disk
5. Press F ILE UTILITIES RENAME F ILE ERASE TITLE . Use the front panel knob
and the SELECT LETTER softkey to rename the file “FILE00” to “N12345” where
12345 represents the last 5 digits of the instrument's serial number. (The first character
in the file name must be a letter.) When finished, press DONE .
6. Label the disk with the serial number of the instrument, the date, and the words
“EEPROM Backup Disk.”
NOTE
Whenever the analyzer is returned to Agilent Technologies for servicing
and/or calibration, the EEPROM backup disk should be returned with the
analyzer. This will significantly reduce the instrument repair time.
7. The EEPROM backup disk procedure is now complete.
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Quick Start: Learning How to Make Measurements
Introduction
In tr od u ction
The information and procedures in this chapter teach you how to make measurements and
what to do if you encounter a problem with your analyzer. The following sections are
included:
•
•
•
•
•
NOTE
The illustrations depicting the analyzer display were made using an ES
model. Other analyzer displays may appear different, depending on model
and options.
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Quick Start: Learning How to Make Measurements
Analyzer Front Panel
An a lyzer Fr on t Pa n el
CAUTION
Do not mistake the line switch for the disk eject button. See the figure below.
If the line switch is mistakenly pushed, the instrument will be turned off,
losing all settings and data that have not been saved.
Figu r e 2-1 Th e An a lyzer Fr on t Pa n el
1. LINE sw itch . This switch controls AC power to the analyzer. 1 is on, 0 is off.
2. Disp la y. This shows the measurement data traces, measurement annotation, and
softkey labels.
3. Disk d r ive. This 3.5-inch drive allows you to store and recall instrument states and
measurement results for later analysis.
4. Disk eject bu tton . This button ejects the disk from the disk drive.
5. Softk eys. These keys provide access to menus that are shown on the display.
6.
k ey. This key returns the previous softkey menu shown on the display.
Return
7. STIMULUS fu n ction block . The keys in this block allow you to control the analyzer
source's frequency, power, and other stimulus functions.
8. RESP ONSE fu n ction block . The keys in this block allow you to control the
measurement and display functions of the active display channel.
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Analyzer Front Panel
9. ACTIVE CHANNEL k eys. The analyzer has four independent display channels.
These keys allow you to select the active channel. Then any function you enter applies
to this active channel. Notice that the light next to the current active channel’s key is
illuminated.
10. Th e ENTRY block . This block includes the knob, the step
keys, and the
number pad. These allow you to enter numerical data and control the markers.
You can use the numeric keypad to select digits, decimal points, and a minus sign for
numerical entries. You must also select a units terminator to complete value inputs.
11. INSTRUMENT STATE fu n ction block . These keys allow you to control
channel-independent system functions such as the following:
•
•
•
•
•
•
copying, save/recall, and GPIB controller mode
limit testing
tuned receiver mode
frequency offset mode (Option 089)
test sequence function
time domain transform (Option 010)
GPIB STATUS indicators are also included in this block.
12.
k ey. This key returns the instrument to either a known factory preset state, or
Preset
a user preset state that can be defined. Refer to the “Preset State and Memory
Allocation” chapter in the Reference Guide for a complete listing of the instrument
preset condition.
13. R CHANNEL con n ector s. (ES models only) These connectors allow you to apply an
input signal to the analyzer's R channel, for frequency offset mode.
14. ES models only: P ORT 1 and P ORT 2. These ports output a signal from the source
and receive input signals from a device under test. PORT 1 allows you to measure S
12
and S . PORT 2 allows you to measure S and S .
22
11
21
ET models only: REF LECTION and TRANSMISSION. The REFLECTION port
allows you to make reflection measurements, outputting a signal from the source and
receiving input signals from a device under test. The TRANSMISSION port allows you
to make transmission measurements, receiving input signals from a device under test.
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Quick Start: Learning How to Make Measurements
Measurement Procedure
Mea su r em en t P r oced u r e
This is a general measurement procedure that is used throughout the guide to illustrate
the use of the analyzer.
Step 1. Ch oose m ea su r em en t p a r a m eter s w ith you r test d evice
con n ected
•
•
Press the
key to return the analyzer to a known state.
Preset
Connect your device under test (DUT) to the analyzer.
CAUTION
Damage may result to the DUT if it is sensitive to the analyzer's default
output power level. To avoid damaging a sensitive DUT, be sure to set the
analyzer's output power to an appropriate level before connecting the DUT to
the analyzer.
•
Choose the settings that are appropriate for the intended measurement.
❏ measurement type (S or reflection, for example)
11
❏ frequencies
❏ number of points
❏ power
❏ measurement trace format
•
Make adjustments to the parameters while you are viewing the device response.
Step 2. Ma k e a m ea su r em en t ca libr a tion
Press the
key to begin to perform a measurement calibration using a known set of
Cal
standards (a calibration kit). Error-correction establishes a magnitude and phase
reference for the test setup and reduces systematic measurement errors.
Step 3. Mea su r e th e d evice
•
•
Reconnect the device under test.
Use the markers to identify various device response values if desired.
Step 4. Ou tp u t m ea su r em en t r esu lts
•
•
Store the measurement file to a disk.
Generate a hardcopy with a printer or plotter.
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Quick Start: Learning How to Make Measurements
Learning to Make Transmission Measurements
Lea r n in g to Ma k e Tr a n sm ission Mea su r em en ts
This example procedure shows you how to measure the transmission response of a
10.24 GHz bandpass filter. The measurement parameters listed are unique to this
particular test device.
For further measurement examples, refer to the “Making Measurements” chapter in the
User's Guide.
Step 1. Ch oose th e m ea su r em en t p a r a m eter s w ith you r test d evice
con n ected
1. Press the
key to return the analyzer to a known state.
Preset
appropriate.
CAUTION
Damage may result to the device under test if it is sensitive to the analyzer's
default output power level. To avoid damaging a sensitive DUT, be sure to set
the analyzer's output power to an appropriate level before connecting the
DUT to the analyzer.
Figu r e 2-2 Device Con n ection s for a Tr a n sm ission Mea su r em en t
3. Choose the following measurement settings:
Tr a n s: F WD S21 (B/R) or TRANSMISSN
Meas
Center
Span
10.24
G/n
AUTO SCALE
G/n
5
Scale Ref
AVERAGING F ACTOR
. Toggle AVERAGING on OF F until ON is
x1
Avg
32
displayed.
4. Look at the device response to determine if these are the parameters that you want for
your device measurement. For example, if the trace is noisy you may want to increase
the test port output power (which increases the analyzer input power), reduce the IF
bandwidth, or add averaging. Or, to better see an area of interest, you may want to
change the test frequencies.
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Quick Start: Learning How to Make Measurements
Learning to Make Transmission Measurements
Step 2. Per for m a m ea su r em en t ca libr a tion
1. Disconnect your test device from the analyzer.
the adapters that you will use in your device measurement.
If noise reduction techniques are needed for the measurement, the instrument's
settings (reduced IF BW, and /or averaging) should be selected prior to any
error-correction.
Figu r e 2-3 Con n ection s for a “Th r u ” Ca libr a tion Sta n d a r d
3. Press the following keys to make a transmission response calibration:
CALIBRATE MENU RESP ONSE THRU
Cal
4. To save the error-correction (measurement calibration), press:
SELECT DISK
Save/Recall
5. Next, choose from the following options:
•
•
•
Choose INTERNAL MEMORY if you want to save the calibration results and
instrument state to the analyzer's memory.
Choose INTERNAL DISK if you want to save the calibration results and
instrument state to the disk that is in the analyzer's internal disk drive.
Choose EXTERNAL DISK if you want to save the calibration results and
instrument state to the disk that is in an (optional) external disk drive that is
configured to the analyzer.
6. Press RETURN SAVE STATE to save the error-correction (measurement calibration).
NOTE
Example procedures for all types of error-correction (measurement
calibrations) are located in the “Calibrating For Increased Measurement
Accuracy” chapter in the User's Guide. For information on the analyzer
operation during error-correction (measurement calibration), refer to the
“Operating Concepts” chapter in the User's Guide.
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Quick Start: Learning How to Make Measurements
Learning to Make Transmission Measurements
Step 3. Mea su r e th e d evice
Mea su r in g In ser tion Loss
2. Reposition the measurement trace for the best view. This can be done by pressing
AUTO SCALE and, if necessary, adjusting the reference level, reference
Scale Ref
position, or the scale/division.
3. Press
and turn the front panel knob to place the marker at a frequency of
Marker
The analyzer shows the frequency of the marker location in the active entry area
(upper-left corner of display). The analyzer also shows the amplitude and frequency of
the marker location in the upper-right corner of the display.
Figu r e 2-4 Exa m p le Mea su r em en t of In ser tion Loss
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Quick Start: Learning How to Make Measurements
Learning to Make Transmission Measurements
Step 4. Ou tp u t m ea su r em en t r esu lts
This example procedure shows how to output (store) measurement results to a disk.
For more information on creating a hardcopy of the measurement results, refer to
the "Printing, Plotting, and Saving Measurement Results" chapter in the User's Guide.
CAUTION
Do not mistake the line switch for the disk eject button. If the line switch is
mistakenly pushed, the instrument will be turned off, losing all settings and
data that have not been saved.
1. Insert a DOS- or LIF-formatted disk into the analyzer disk drive. The analyzer does not
support LIF-HFS (hierarchical file system).
2. Press
SELECT DISK . Choose INTERNAL DISK to save the
Save/Recall
measurement results to the analyzer's internal disk drive.
3. Press RETURN DEF INE DISK-SAVE .
•
•
•
•
•
Toggle DATA ARRAY on OF F to ON if you want to store the error-corrected data on
disk with the instrument state.
Toggle RAW ARRAY on OF F to ON if you want to store the raw data (ratioed and
averaged, but no error-correction) on disk with the instrument state.
Toggle F ORMAT ARY on OF F to ON if you want to store the formatted data on disk
with the instrument state.
Toggle GRAP HICS on OF F to ON if you want to store user graphics on disk with
the instrument state.
Toggle DATA ONLY on OF F to ON if you want to only store the measurement data
of the device under test. The analyzer will not store the instrument state and
error-correction (measurement calibration). Therefore, the saved data cannot be
retrieved into the analyzer.
NOTE
Toggling DATA ONLY on OF F to ON will override all of the other save
options. Because this type of data is only intended for computer
manipulation, the file contents of a DATA ONLY ON off save cannot be
recalled and displayed on the analyzer.
•
•
Choose SAVE USING BINARY if you want to store data in a binary format.
Choose SAVE USING ASCII if you want to store data in an ASCII format, to later
read on a computer.
4. Press RETURN SAVE STATE and the analyzer saves the file with a default title.
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Quick Start: Learning How to Make Measurements
Learning to Make Transmission Measurements
Mea su r in g Oth er Tr a n sm ission Ch a r a cter istics
Using the analyzer marker functions, you can derive several important filter parameters
from the measurement trace that is shown on the analyzer display.
Mea su r in g 3 d B Ba n d w id th .
The analyzer can calculate your test device bandwidth between two equal power levels. In
this example procedure, the analyzer calculates the −3 dB bandwidth relative to the center
frequency of the filter.
1. Press
and turn the front panel knob to move the marker to the center
Marker
frequency position of the filter passband. An alternative method is to press
SEARCH: MAX which should put you very close to the center of the
Marker Search
passband.
You can also position the marker by entering a frequency location: for example, press
.
10.24
G/n
2. Press
MKR ZERO to zero the delta marker magnitude and frequency (this
Marker
sets the delta marker reference). The −3 dB points will be relative to this marker.
The softkey label changes to MKR ZERO ∆ REF = ∆ showing you that the delta
reference point is the small ∆ symbol.
3. Press
to enter the marker search mode.
Marker Search
4. Toggle WIDTHS on OF F to ON.
The analyzer calculates the −3 dB bandwidth, the center frequency and the Q (quality
factor) of the test device and lists the results in the upper-right corner of the display.
Figu r e 2-5 Exa m p le Mea su r em en t of 3 d B Ba n d w id th
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Quick Start: Learning How to Make Measurements
Learning to Make Transmission Measurements
5. Press WIDTH VALUE and enter
The analyzer now calculates the bandwidth between −6 dB power levels.
6. Press MARKER a ll OF F when you are finished with this measurement.
.
−6
x1
Marker
Mea su r in g Ou t-of-Ba n d Rejection .
1. Press MARKER 1 . The marker appears where you placed it during the bandwidth
measurement.
2. Press MKR ZERO
SEARCH: MIN .
Marker Search
The marker automatically searches for the minimum point on the trace. The frequency
and amplitude of this point, relative to the delta symbol in the center of the filter
passband, appear in the upper-right corner of the display. This value is the difference
between the maximum power in the passband and the power in the rejection band, that
is, one of the peaks in the rejection band.
Figu r e 2-6 Exa m p le Mea su r em en t of Ou t-of-Ba n d Rejection
NOTE
You can use the marker search mode to search the trace for the maximum
point or for any target value. The target value can be an absolute level (for
example, −3 dBm) or a level relative to the location of the small delta symbol
(for example: −3 dB from the center of the passband).
3. If your measurement needs some noise reduction, you can reduce the IF bandwidth or
add averaging.
•
•
To reduce the IF bandwidth, press
IF BW [
]
.
Avg
To add averaging, press
, then toggle AVERAGING on OF F to ON.
Avg
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Learning to Make Transmission Measurements
Mea su r in g Pa ssba n d F la tn ess or Rip p le.
Passband flatness (or ripple) is the variation in insertion loss over a specified portion of the
passband.
Continue with the following steps to measure passband flatness or ripple.
1. Press
(if necessary, scroll to the desired file using the
and
front
Save/Recall
panel keys). Press RECALL STATE to recall the error-corrected transmission
measurement that has no markers engaged.
2. Press
and turn the front panel knob to move marker 1 to the left edge of the
Marker
passband.
3. Press ∆ MODE MENU ∆ REF = 1 to change the marker 1 position to the delta
reference point.
4. Press MARKER 2 and turn the front panel knob to move marker 2 to the right edge of
the passband.
5. Press
MARKER MODE MENU , then toggle MKR STATS on OF F to ON.
Marker Fctn
The analyzer calculates the mean, standard deviation, and peak-to-peak variation
between the ∆ reference marker and the active marker, and lists the results in the
upper-right corner of the display. The passband ripple is automatically shown as the
peak-to-peak variation between the markers.
Figu r e 2-7 Exa m p le Mea su r em en t of Pa ssba n d F la tn ess or Rip p le
2-12
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Quick Start: Learning How to Make Measurements
Learning to Make Reflection Measurements
Lea r n in g to Ma k e Reflection Mea su r em en ts
This example procedure shows you how to measure the reflection response of a 10.24 GHz
bandpass filter. The measurement parameter values listed are unique to this particular
test device.
For further measurement examples, refer to the "Making Measurements" chapter in the
User's Guide.
NOTE
Reflection measurements monitor only one port of a test device. When a test
device has more than one port, you must ensure that the unused port(s) are
terminated in their characteristic impedance (for example, 50Ω or 75Ω). If
you do not terminate unused ports, reflections from these ports will cause
terminate an unused device port with the proper characteristic impedance.
The signal reflected from the device under test is measured as a ratio of the reflected
energy versus the incident energy. It can be expressed as reflection coefficient, return loss,
or standing-wave-ratio (SWR). These measurements are mathematically defined as
follows:
r eflection coefficien t (Γ)
= reflected voltage / incident voltage
= S or S (magnitude and phase)
11
22
m a gn itu d e of r eflection
coefficien t (ρ)
= | Γ|
r etu r n loss (d B)
= −20 log (ρ), where ρ = | Γ|
sta n d in g-w a ve-r a tio (SWR)
= V maximum / V minimum
= (1 + ρ) / (1 −ρ)
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Quick Start: Learning How to Make Measurements
Learning to Make Reflection Measurements
Step 1. Ch oose m ea su r em en t p a r a m eter s w ith you r test d evice
con n ected
1. Press the
key to return the analyzer to a known state.
Preset
correct characteristic impedance.
CAUTION
Damage may result to the device under test if it is sensitive to the analyzer's
default output power level. To avoid damaging a sensitive DUT, be sure to set
the analyzer's output power to an appropriate level before connecting the
DUT to the analyzer.
Figu r e 2-8 Con n ection s for Reflection Mea su r em en ts
3. Choose the following measurement parameters:
Refl: F WD S11 (A/R) or REF LECTION
Meas
Center
Span
10.24
G/n
AUTO SCALE
G/n
1
Scale Ref
AVERAGING F ACTOR
. Toggle AVERAGING on OF F to ON.
x1
Avg
32
4. Look at the device response to determine if these are the measurement parameters that
you want. For example, if the trace is noisy, you may want to increase the input power,
reduce the IF bandwidth, or add averaging. To better see an area of interest, change the
test frequencies.
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Quick Start: Learning How to Make Measurements
Learning to Make Reflection Measurements
Step 2. Ma k e a m ea su r em en t ca libr a tion
Follow these instructions to perform an S or reflection 1-port error correction:
11
1. Select a calibration kit that is appropriate to your device under test. Press
Cal
SELECT CAL KIT . Choose the calibration kit that is appropriate to
your test device by pressing the appropriate softkey. For example, if your test device
CAL KIT [
]
uses type-N 50Ω connectors, press
press 7m m , and so on.
. If your test device uses 7-mm connectors,
N 50Ω
2. Press RETURN twice, CALIBRATE MENU S11 1-P ORT or
REF LECTION 1-P ORT .
3. Follow the prompts shown on the analyzer display to connect and measure an open,
short, and load on PORT 1 or the REFLECTION port.
Any choice of male/female in the calibration process should always be made for the sex
that represents the test port. For example, if the test port had a male, type-N connector,
you would connect the female, type-N calibration device. But when you follow the
prompts on the analyzer to measure a short calibration standard, you would select
SHORT (M) , or the sex that represents the test port.
NOTE
To ensure an accurate error correction, you must connect the calibration
standards to the adapters or cables that you will include in the actual device
measurement.
NOTE
If a mistake is made, standards can be measured more than once before
pressing DONE 1-P ORT CAL . Only the last measurement data is used.
Figu r e 2-9 Con n ection s for a n S or Reflection 1-Por t Er r or -Cor r ection
11
4. Press DONE 1-P ORT CAL after measuring the three standards.
5. Press
.
Save/Recall
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Quick Start: Learning How to Make Measurements
Learning to Make Reflection Measurements
6. Press SAVE STATE to complete the process.
Step 3. Mea su r e th e d evice
Mea su r in g Retu r n Loss.
1. Connect your device to PORT 1 or the REFLECTION port.
2. Press
3. Press
AUTO SCALE to reposition the trace.
Scale Ref
to read the return loss from the analyzer display as shown in
Marker
The device response indicates that the filter and the analyzer impedances are better
matched within the frequency range of the filter passband than outside the passband.
That is, the reflected signal is smaller within the filter passband than outside the
passband.
In terms of return loss, the value within the passband is larger than outside the
passband. A large value for return loss corresponds to a small reflected signal just as a
large value for insertion loss corresponds to a small transmitted signal.
Figu r e 2-10 Exa m p le Mea su r em en t of Retu r n Loss
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Quick Start: Learning How to Make Measurements
Learning to Make Reflection Measurements
Step 4. Ou tp u t m ea su r em en t r esu lts
This step in the procedure shows you how to output the measurement results to a printer.
For in-depth information on creating a hardcopy of the measurement results, refer to the
"Printing, Plotting, and Saving Measurement Results" chapter in the User's Guide.
2. Press
MORE TITLE ERASE TITLE and then create a title for the
Display
•
•
Use an optional keyboard to type the title, or
Use the front panel knob and the softkey menu to select each letter of the title.
3. Press DONE when you finish creating the measurement title. The title appears on the
upper-left corner of the analyzer display.
4. Press
SYSTEM CONTROLLER to set up the analyzer as the controller. If you
Local
are using an GPIB printer, ensure that there is not another controller on the bus. (Note
that this step is not required when using parallel or serial printers.)
5. Press
P RINT MONOCHROME to create a black and white hardcopy.
Copy
NOTE
Figu r e 2-11 Exa m p le Mea su r em en t Title
Chapter 2
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Quick Start: Learning How to Make Measurements
Learning to Make Reflection Measurements
Mea su r in g Oth er Reflection Ch a r a cter istics
You can derive several important filter parameters from the measurement shown on the
analyzer display. The following set of procedures is a continuation of the previous
reflection measurement procedure.
Mea su r in g Reflection Coefficien t
1. Press
RECALL STATE to recall the calibrated reflection measurement
Save/Recall
that you saved earlier in this procedure.
2. Press AUTO SCALE so the analyzer shows the same
LIN MAG
Format
Scale Ref
The units "mU" displayed on the analyzer are "milli-units," where "units" or "U" is used
to indicate that the parameter is unitless (as opposed to dB in log magnitude format).
For example, 200 mUnits = 0.2.
Figu r e 2-12 Exa m p le Reflection Coefficien t Mea su r em en t Tr a ce
2-18
Chapter2
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Quick Start: Learning How to Make Measurements
Learning to Make Reflection Measurements
Mea su r in g Sta n d in g Wa ve Ra tio (SWR)
Press AUTO SCALE so the analyzer shows the same data in
SWR
Format
Scale Ref
Now the analyzer shows the measurement data in the unitless measure of SWR where
SWR = 1 (perfect match) is at the bottom of the display.
Figu r e 2-13 Exa m p le Sta n d in g-Wa ve-Ra tio Mea su r em en t Tr a ce
Chapter 2
2-19
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Quick Start: Learning How to Make Measurements
Learning to Make Reflection Measurements
Mea su r in g S a n d S or Reflection in a Pola r For m a t.
11
22
1. Press
2. Press
P OLAR .
Format
Scale Ref
The analyzer shows the results of an S or reflection measurement with each point on
11
the polar trace corresponding to a particular value of both magnitude and phase. The
center of the circle represents a coefficient (Γ) of 0, (that is, a perfect match or no
reflected signal). The notation 2U FSor 2 units full scaleindicates that the
reflection. The phase angle is read directly from this display. The 3 o'clock position
corresponds to zero phase angle, (that is, the reflected signal is at the same phase as the
incident signal). Phase differences of 90°, 180°, and −90° correspond to the 12 o'clock,
9 o'clock, and 6 o'clock positions on the polar display, respectively.
3. Press
MARKER MODE MENU P OLAR MKR MENU .
Marker Fctn
4. Turn the front panel knob to position the marker at any desired point on the trace, then
read the frequency, linear magnitude and phase in the upper right-hand corner of the
display.
•
•
Choose LIN MKR if you want the analyzer to show the linear magnitude and the
phase of the marker.
Choose LOG MKR if you want the analyzer to show the logarithmic magnitude and
the phase of the active marker. This is useful as a fast method of obtaining a reading
of the log-magnitude value without changing to log-magnitude format.
•
Choose Re/Im MKR if you want the analyzer to show the values of the marker as a
real and imaginary pair.
NOTE
You can also enter the frequency of interest, from either the numeric keypad
or the optional attached keyboard, and read the magnitude and phase at that
point.
Figu r e 2-14 Exa m p le S or Reflection Mea su r em en t Tr a ce in Pola r For m a t
11
2-20
Chapter2
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Quick Start: Learning How to Make Measurements
Learning to Make Reflection Measurements
Mea su r in g S a n d S or Reflection in a Sm ith Ch a r t For m a t.
11
22
• Mea su r in g Im p ed a n ce
The amount of power reflected from a device is directly related to the impedance of the
device and the measuring system. Each value of the reflection coefficient (Γ) uniquely
defines a device impedance; Γ = 0 only occurs when the device and analyzer impedance are
exactly the same. The reflection coefficient for a short circuit is: Γ = 1 ∠ 180°. Every other
value for Γ also corresponds uniquely to a complex device impedance, according to the
equation:
Z = [(1 + Γ) / (1 −Γ)]×Z
L
0
where Z is your test device impedance and Z is the measuring system's characteristic
L
0
impedance (usually 50Ω or 75Ω).
1. Press
SMITH CHART
AUTO SCALE .
Format
Scale Ref
2. Press
MARKER MODE MENU SMITH MKR MENU and turn the front
Marker Fctn
panel knob to read the resistive and reactive components of the complex impedance at
impedance is 6.4729 – j7.5569 Ω. This is the default Smith chart marker.
The marker annotation also gives the series inductance or capacitance (132.87 pF in
this example). The complex impedance is capacitive in the bottom half of the Smith
chart display and is inductive in the top half of the display.
•
•
Choose LIN MKR if you want the analyzer to show the linear magnitude and the
phase of the reflection coefficient at the marker.
Choose LOG MKR if you want the analyzer to show the logarithmic magnitude and
the phase of the reflection coefficient at the active marker. This is useful as a fast
method of obtaining a reading of the log magnitude value without changing to log
magnitude format.
•
•
Choose Re/Im MKR if you want the analyzer to show the values of the reflection
coefficient at the marker as a real and imaginary pair.
Choose R+ jX MKR (the default marker format) to show the real and imaginary
parts of the device impedance at the marker. Also shown is the equivalent series
inductance or capacitance (the series resistance and reactance, in ohms).
Chapter 2
2-21
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Quick Start: Learning How to Make Measurements
Learning to Make Reflection Measurements
Figu r e 2-15 Exa m p le Im p ed a n ce Mea su r em en t Tr a ce
• Mea su r in g Ad m itta n ce To change the display to an inverse Smith chart graticule and
the marker information to read admittance, press G+ jB MKR .
conductance and B is susceptance, both measured in units of Siemens (equivalent to mhos:
the inverse of ohms). Also shown is the equivalent parallel capacitance or inductance.
Figu r e 2-16 Exa m p le Ad m itta n ce Mea su r em en t Tr a ce
2-22
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Quick Start: Learning How to Make Measurements
If You Encounter a Problem
If You En cou n ter a P r oblem
If you have difficulty when installing or using the analyzer, check the following list of
commonly encountered problems and troubleshooting procedures. If the problem that you
encounter is not in the following list, refer to additional troubleshooting sections in the
Service Guide.
Pow er -Up P r oblem s
If th e a n a lyzer d isp la y d oes n ot ligh t:
•
•
•
Check that the power cord is fully seated in both the main power receptacle and the
analyzer power module.
Check that the AC line voltage selector switch is in the appropriate position
(230 V/115 V) for your available power supply.
Check that the analyzer AC line fuse is not open.
WARNING
For con tin u ed p r otection a ga in st fir e h a za r d , r ep la ce th e fu se w ith
th e sa m e typ e a n d r a tin g.
continuity light or an ohmmeter to check the fuse. An ohmmeter should read very close
to zero ohms if the fuse is good. For 115V operation, use Fuse, T 5A 125V, UL listed/CSA
certified to 248 standard (part number 2110-1059). For 230V operation, use Fuse, T 4A
H 250V, built to IEC 127-2/5 standard (part number 2110-1036).
•
Contact the nearest Agilent Technologies office for service, if necessary. A list of Agilent
Figu r e 2-17 Lin e F u se Rem ova l a n d Rep la cem en t
Chapter 2
2-23
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Quick Start: Learning How to Make Measurements
If You Encounter a Problem
If th e d isp la y ligh ts, bu t th e ven tila tion fa n d oes n ot sta r t:
❏ Check that the fan is not obstructed. To check the fan, follow these steps:
1. Switch the LINE power to the off position.
2. Check that the fan blades are not jammed.
❏ Contact the nearest Agilent Technologies office for service, if necessary. A list of Agilent
Da ta En tr y P r oblem s
If th e d a ta en tr y con tr ols (k eyp a d , k n ob, a r r ow k eys) d o n ot r esp on d :
❏ Check that the ENTRY OFF function is not enabled.
The ENTRY OFF function is enabled after you press the
key. To return to
Entry Off
normal entry mode, press any function key that has a numeric parameter associated
with it, for example,
.
Start
❏ Check that none of the keys are stuck.
❏ Check that the selected function key accepts data.
For example,
accepts data, but
does not.
System
Scale Ref
❏ Check that the analyzer's "R" GPIB STATUS light is not illuminated.
If the analyzer's "R" GPIB STATUS light is illuminated, a test sequence may be
running, or a connected computer controller may be sending commands or instructions
to, or receiving data from, the analyzer. Press
control.
if you want to return to LOCAL
Local
If th e p a r a m eter you a r e tr yin g to en ter is n ot a ccep ted by th e a n a lyzer :
❏ Ensure that you are not attempting to set the parameter greater than or less than its
limit. Refer to the User's Guide for parameter limits.
No RF Ou tp u t
If th er e is n o RF sign a l a t th e fr on t-p a n el p or t:
❏ Check that the signal at the test port is switched on.
1. Press
and toggle SOURCE P WR to ON.
Power
NOTE
On ES models, it is possible to set the source power to come from PORT 2
instead of PORT 1, so you must check the power at the correct port. With
factory preset, the power comes from PORT 1.
❏ If you are applying external modulation (AM) to the analyzer, check the external
modulating signal or external gate/trigger signals for problems.
2-24
Chapter2
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Quick Start: Learning How to Make Measurements
If You Encounter a Problem
CAUTION
If the error message:
CAUTION: OVERLOAD ON INPUT X, POWER REDUCED
appears on the analyzer display, too much source power is being applied at
the input. In such a case, the input power will need to be reduced before the
source power will remain on.
❏ If phase-lock error messages appear on the analyzer display, check that the front panel
jumper is secure on the R CHANNEL connectors. If the jumper is secure and the error
messages still appear, contact your nearest Agilent Technologies office for service. A list
Chapter 2
2-25
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Quick Start: Learning How to Make Measurements
If You Encounter a Problem
Ta ble 2-1 Agilen t Tech n ologies Sa les a n d Ser vice Offices
UNITED STATES
Instrument Support Center
Agilent Technologies
(800) 403-0801
EUROP EAN F IELD OP ERATIONS
Headquarters
France
Germany
Agilent Technologies S.A.
150, Route du Nant-d’Avril
1217 Meyrin 2/ Geneva
Switzerland
Agilent Technologies France
1 Avenue Du Canada
Zone D’Activite De Courtaboeuf
F-91947 Les Ulis Cedex
France
Agilent Technologies GmbH
Agilent Technologies Strasse
61352 Bad Homburg v.d.H
Germany
(41 22) 780.8111
(49 6172) 16-0
(33 1) 69 82 60 60
Great Britain
Agilent Technologies Ltd.
Eskdale Road, Winnersh
Triangle Wokingham,
Berkshire RG41 5DZ England
(44 118) 9696622
INTERCON F IELD OP ERATIONS
Headquarters
Australia
Canada
Agilent Technologies
3495 Deer Creek Rd.
Palo Alto, CA 94304-1316
USA
Agilent Technologies Australia
Ltd.
31-41 Joseph Street
Blackburn, Victoria 3130
(61 3) 895-2895
Agilent Technologies (Canada)
Ltd.
17500 South Service Road
Trans-Canada Highway
Kirkland, Quebec H9J 2X8
Canada
(415) 857-5027
(514) 697-4232
Japan
Agilent Technologies Japan,
Ltd.
Measurement Assistance
Center
9-1, Takakura-Cho,
Hachioji-Shi,
Tokyo 192-8510, Japan
TEL (81) -426-56-7832
FAX (81) -426-56-7840
Singapore
Agilent Technologies Singapore
(Pte.) Ltd.
150 Beach Road
#29-00 Gateway West
Singapore 0718
(65) 291-9088
Taiwan
Agilent Technologies Taiwan
8th Floor, H-P Building
337 Fu Hsing North Road
Taipei, Taiwan
(886 2) 712-0404
China
China Agilent Technologies
38 Bei San Huan X1 Road
Shuang Yu Shu
Hai Dian District
Beijing, China
(86 1) 256-6888
2-26
Chapter2
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In d ex
Nu m er ics
H
3 dB bandwidth
6 dB bandwidth
high stability frequency reference
out-of-band rejection
I
impedance
P
A
parts list
active channel keys
insertion loss
passband flatness
instrument state function block
admittance
passband ripple
Agilent Technologies Sales and
attaching cabinet flanges with
L
polar format
location
PORT 1
attaching cabinet flanges
PORT 2
Preset key
instrument state function block
display lights but fan does not
B
response function block keys,
C
no RF signal at front panel port,
connectors
stimulus function block keys,
R
D
R channel connectors
definitions
magnitude of reflection
M
standing-wave-ratio (SWR),
choosing measurement
reflection measurements,
choosing measurement
outputting measurement
measuring in smith chart
performing a measurement
E
electrical and environmental
measuring insertion loss with
measuring reflection coefficient,
measuring standing wave ratio
O
F
outputting measurement
Index
1
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In d ex
performing a measurement
REFLECTION port
requirements
electrical and environmental,
response function block keys
return loss
S
smith chart format
standard analyzer configuration,
standing wave ratio (SWR)
stimulus function block keys
T
transmission measurements,
choosing the measurement
measuring insertion loss with
outputting measurement
performing a measurement
TRANSMISSION port
V
2
Index
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