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ES3628C
24 10/100 Ports + 4GE
Intelligent Layer 2/3/4
Fast Ethernet Switch
Management Guide
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Management Guide
Fast Ethernet Switch
Layer 3 Standalone Switch with
24 100BASE-TX (RJ-45) Ports,
2 1000BASE-T (RJ-45) Ports, and
2 SFP Slots
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ES3628C
F3.1.0.18 E032005-R01
149100005100H
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Contents
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Contents
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Layer 2 IGMP (Snooping and Query)
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Tables
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Tables
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Figures
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Chapter 1: Introduction
This switch provides a broad range of features for Layer 2 switching and Layer 3
routing. It includes a management agent that allows you to configure the features
listed in this manual. The default configuration can be used for most of the features
provided by this switch. However, there are many options that you should configure
to maximize the switch’s performance for your particular network environment.
Key Features
Table 1-1 Key Features
Feature
Description
Configuration Backup Backup to TFTP server
and Restore
Authentication
Console, Telnet, web – User name / password, RADIUS, TACACS+
Web – SSL/HTTPS; Telnet – SSH
SNMP v1/2c - Community strings
SNMP version 3 – MD5 or SHA password
Port – IEEE 802.1X, MAC address filtering
Access Control Lists
Supports IP or MAC ACLs
Fast Ethernet ports - 157 lists, 4 masks shared by 8-port groups
Gigabit Ethernet ports - 29 lists, 4 masks
DHCP Client, Relay
and Server
Supported
DNS Server
Supported
Port Configuration
Rate Limiting
Port Mirroring
Port Trunking
Speed and duplex mode and flow control
Input and output rate limiting per port
Single session, one source port to one analysis port
Supports up to 12 trunks using either static or dynamic trunking (LACP)
Supported
Broadcast Storm
Control
Address Table
Up to 16K MAC addresses in forwarding table, 1024 static MAC addresses;
Up to 4K IP entries in ARP cache, 16K IP entries in routing table, 256 static IP routes
IEEE 802.1D Bridge
Supports dynamic data switching and addresses learning
Store-and-Forward
Switching
Supported to ensure wire-speed switching while eliminating bad frames
Spanning Tree
Algorithm
Supports standard STP, Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP), and Multiple
Spanning Trees (MSTP)
Virtual LANs
Up to 255 using IEEE 802.1Q, port-based, protocol-based, or private VLANs
1-1
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Introduction
1
Table 1-1 Key Features (Continued)
Description
Feature
Traffic Prioritization
Default port priority, traffic class map, queue scheduling, IP Precedence, or
Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP), and TCP/UDP Port
Qualify of Service
Router Redundancy
IP Routing
Supports Differentiated Services (DiffServ)
Router backup is provided with the Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)
Routing Information Protocol (RIP), Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), static routes
Static and dynamic address configuration, proxy ARP
ARP
Multicast Filtering
Multicast Routing
Supports IGMP snooping and query for Layer 2, and IGMP for Layer 3
Supports DVMRP and PIM-DM
Description of Software Features
The switch provides a wide range of advanced performance enhancing features.
Flow control eliminates the loss of packets due to bottlenecks caused by port
saturation. Broadcast storm suppression prevents broadcast traffic storms from
engulfing the network. Untagged (port-based), tagged, and protocol-based VLANs,
plus support for automatic GVRP VLAN registration provide traffic security and
efficient use of network bandwidth. CoS priority queueing ensures the minimum
delay for moving real-time multimedia data across the network. While multicast
filtering and routing provides support for real-time network applications. Some of the
management features are briefly described below.
Configuration Backup and Restore – You can save the current configuration
settings to a file on a TFTP server, and later download this file to restore the switch
configuration settings.
Authentication – This switch authenticates management access via the console
port, Telnet or web browser. User names and passwords can be configured locally or
can be verified via a remote authentication server (i.e., RADIUS or TACACS+).
Port-based authentication is also supported via the IEEE 802.1X protocol. This
protocol uses Extensible Authentication Protocol over LANs (EAPOL) to request
user credentials from the 802.1X client, and then uses the EAP between the switch
and the authentication server to verify the client’s right to access the network via an
authentication server (i.e., RADIUS server).
Other authentication options include HTTPS for secure management access via the
web, SSH for secure management access over a Telnet-equivalent connection,
SNMP Version 3, IP address filtering for SNMP/web/Telnet management access,
and MAC address filtering for port access.
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Description of Software Features
1
Access Control Lists – ACLs provide packet filtering for IP frames (based on
address, protocol, TCP/UDP port number or TCP control code) or any frames
(based on MAC address or Ethernet type). ACLs can by used to improve
performance by blocking unnecessary network traffic or to implement security
controls by restricting access to specific network resources or protocols.
DHCP Server and DHCP Relay – A DHCP server is provided to assign IP
addresses to host devices. Since DHCP uses a broadcast mechanism, a DHCP
server and its client must physically reside on the same subnet. Since it is not
practical to have a DHCP server on every subnet, DHCP Relay is also supported to
allow dynamic configuration of local clients from a DHCP server located in a different
network.
Port Configuration – You can manually configure the speed and duplex mode, and
flow control used on specific ports, or use auto-negotiation to detect the connection
settings used by the attached device. Use the full-duplex mode on ports whenever
possible to double the throughput of switch connections.Flow control should also be
enabled to control network traffic during periods of congestion and prevent the loss
of packets when port buffer thresholds are exceeded. The switch supports flow
control based on the IEEE 802.3-2002 standard.
Rate Limiting – This feature controls the maximum rate for traffic transmitted or
received on an interface. Rate limiting is configured on interfaces at the edge of a
network to limit traffic into or out of the network. Traffic that falls within the rate limit is
transmitted, while packets that exceed the acceptable amount of traffic are dropped.
Port Mirroring – The switch can unobtrusively mirror traffic from any port to a
monitor port. You can then attach a protocol analyzer or RMON probe to this port to
perform traffic analysis and verify connection integrity.
Port Trunking – Ports can be combined into an aggregate connection. Trunks can
be manually set up or dynamically configured using IEEE 802.3-2002 (formerly
IEEE 802.3ad) Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP). The additional ports
dramatically increase the throughput across any connection, and provide
redundancy by taking over the load if a port in the trunk should fail. The switch
supports up to 12 trunks.
Broadcast Storm Control – Broadcast suppression prevents broadcast traffic from
overwhelming the network. When enabled on a port, the level of broadcast traffic
passing through the port is restricted. If broadcast traffic rises above a pre-defined
threshold, it will be throttled until the level falls back beneath the threshold.
Static Addresses – A static address can be assigned to a specific interface on this
switch. Static addresses are bound to the assigned interface and will not be moved.
When a static address is seen on another interface, the address will be ignored and
will not be written to the address table. Static addresses can be used to provide
network security by restricting access for a known host to a specific port.
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Introduction
1
IEEE 802.1D Bridge – The switch supports IEEE 802.1D transparent bridging. The
address table facilitates data switching by learning addresses, and then filtering or
forwarding traffic based on this information. The address table supports up to 16K
addresses.
Store-and-Forward Switching – The switch copies each frame into its memory
before forwarding them to another port. This ensures that all frames are a standard
Ethernet size and have been verified for accuracy with the cyclic redundancy check
(CRC). This prevents bad frames from entering the network and wasting bandwidth.
To avoid dropping frames on congested ports, the switch provides 32 MB for frame
buffering. This buffer can queue packets awaiting transmission on congested
networks.
Spanning Tree Algorithm – The switch supports these spanning tree protocols:
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP, IEEE 802.1D) – This protocol provides loop detection
and recovery by allowing two or more redundant connections to be created between
a pair of LAN segments. When there are multiple physical paths between segments,
this protocol will choose a single path and disable all others to ensure that only one
route exists between any two stations on the network. This prevents the creation of
network loops. However, if the chosen path should fail for any reason, an alternate
path will be activated to maintain the connection.
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP, IEEE 802.1w) – This protocol reduces the
convergence time for network topology changes to about 3 to 5 seconds, compared
to 30 seconds or more for the older IEEE 802.1D STP standard. It is intended as a
complete replacement for STP, but can still interoperate with switches running the
older standard by automatically reconfiguring ports to STP-compliant mode if they
detect STP protocol messages from attached devices.
Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP, IEEE 802.1s) – This protocol is a direct
extension of RSTP. It can provide an independent spanning tree for different VLANs.
It simplifies network management, provides for even faster convergence than RSTP
by limiting the size of each region, and prevents VLAN members from being
segmented from the rest of the group (as sometimes occurs with IEEE 802.1D STP).
Virtual LANs – The switch supports up to 255 VLANs. A Virtual LAN is a collection
of network nodes that share the same collision domain regardless of their physical
location or connection point in the network. The switch supports tagged VLANs
based on the IEEE 802.1Q standard. Members of VLAN groups can be dynamically
learned via GVRP, or ports can be manually assigned to a specific set of VLANs.
This allows the switch to restrict traffic to the VLAN groups to which a user has been
assigned. By segmenting your network into VLANs, you can:
• Eliminate broadcast storms which severely degrade performance in a flat network.
• Simplify network management for node changes/moves by remotely configuring
VLAN membership for any port, rather than having to manually change the network
connection.
• Provide data security by restricting all traffic to the originating VLAN, except where
a connection is explicitly defined via the switch’s routing service.
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Description of Software Features
1
• Use private VLANs to restrict traffic to pass only between data ports and the uplink
ports, thereby isolating adjacent ports within the same VLAN, and allowing you to
limit the total number of VLANs that need to be configured.
• Use protocol VLANs to restrict traffic to specified interfaces based on protocol type.
Traffic Prioritization – This switch prioritizes each packet based on the required
level of service, using eight priority queues with strict or Weighted Round Robin
Queuing. It uses IEEE 802.1p and 802.1Q tags to prioritize incoming traffic based on
input from the end-station application. These functions can be used to provide
independent priorities for delay-sensitive data and best-effort data.
This switch also supports several common methods of prioritizing layer 3/4 traffic to
meet application requirements. Traffic can be prioritized based on the priority bits in
the IP frame’s Type of Service (ToS) octet or the number of the TCP/UDP port.
When these services are enabled, the priorities are mapped to a Class of Service
value by the switch, and the traffic then sent to the corresponding output queue.
IP Routing – The switch provides Layer 3 IP routing. To maintain a high rate of
throughput, the switch forwards all traffic passing within the same segment, and
routes only traffic that passes between different subnetworks. The wire-speed
routing provided by this switch lets you easily link network segments or VLANs
together without having to deal with the bottlenecks or configuration hassles
normally associated with conventional routers.
Routing for unicast traffic is supported with the Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
and the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol.
RIP – This protocol uses a distance-vector approach to routing. Routes are
determined on the basis of minimizing the distance vector, or hop count, which
serves as a rough estimate of transmission cost.
OSPF – This approach uses a link state routing protocol to generate a shortest-path
tree, then builds up its routing table based on this tree. OSPF produces a more
stable network because the participating routers act on network changes predictably
and simultaneously, converging on the best route more quickly than RIP.
Router Redundancy – The Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) uses a
virtual IP address to support a primary router and multiple backup routers. The
backups can be configured to take over the workload if the master fails or to load
share the traffic. The primary goal of this protocol is to allow a host device which has
been configured with a fixed gateway to maintain network connectivity in case the
primary gateway goes down.
Address Resolution Protocol – The switch uses ARP and Proxy ARP to convert
between IP addresses and MAC (i.e., hardware) addresses. This switch supports
conventional ARP, which locates the MAC address corresponding to a given IP
address. This allows the switch to use IP addresses for routing decisions and the
corresponding MAC addresses to forward packets from one hop to the next. You can
configure either static or dynamic entries in the ARP cache.
Proxy ARP allows hosts that do not support routing to determine the MAC address
of a device on another network or subnet. When a host sends an ARP request for a
1-5
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Introduction
1
remote network, the switch checks to see if it has the best route. If it does, it sends
its own MAC address to the host. The host then sends traffic for the remote
destination via the switch, which uses its own routing table to reach the destination
on the other network.
Quality of Service – Differentiated Services (DiffServ) provides policy-based
management mechanisms used for prioritizing network resources to meet the
requirements of specific traffic types on a per-hop basis. Each packet is classified
upon entry into the network based on access lists, IP Precedence or DSCP values,
or VLAN lists. Using access lists allows you select traffic based on Layer 2, Layer 3,
or Layer 4 information contained in each packet. Based on network policies, different
kinds of traffic can be marked for different kinds of forwarding.
Multicast Filtering – Specific multicast traffic can be assigned to its own VLAN to
ensure that it does not interfere with normal network traffic and to guarantee
real-time delivery by setting the required priority level for the designated VLAN. The
switch uses IGMP Snooping and Query at Layer 2 and IGMP at Layer 3 to manage
multicast group registration.
Multicast Routing – Routing for multicast packets is supported by the Distance
Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP) and Protocol-Independent Multicasting -
Dense Mode (PIM-DM). These protocols work in conjunction with IGMP to filter and
route multicast traffic. DVMRP is a more comprehensive implementation that
maintains its own routing table, but is gradually being replacing by most network
managers with PIM, Dense Mode and Sparse Mode. PIM is a very simple protocol
that uses the routing table of the unicast routing protocol enabled on an interface.
Dense Mode is designed for areas where the probability of multicast clients is
relatively high, and the overhead of frequent flooding is justified. While Sparse mode
is designed for network areas, such as the Wide Area Network, where the probability
of multicast clients is low. This switch currently supports DVMRP and PIM-DM. This
protocol works in conjunction with IGMP to filter and route multicast traffic.
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System Defaults
1
System Defaults
The switch’s system defaults are provided in the configuration file
“Factory_Default_Config.cfg.” To reset the switch defaults, this file should be set as
The following table lists some of the basic system defaults.
Table 1-2 System Defaults
Function
Parameter
Default
Console Port
Connection
Baud Rate
auto
Data bits
8
Stop bits
1
Parity
none
Local Console Timeout
Privileged Exec Level
0 (disabled)
Authentication
Username “admin”
Password “admin”
Normal Exec Level
Username “guest”
Password “guest”
Enable Privileged Exec from Normal Password “super”
Exec Level
RADIUS Authentication
TACACS Authentication
802.1X Port Authentication
HTTPS
Disabled
Disabled
Disabled
Enabled
Disabled
Disabled
Disabled
Enabled
80
SSH
Port Security
IP Filtering
Web Management
HTTP Server
HTTP Port Number
HTTP Secure Server
HTTP Secure Port Number
Enabled
443
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Introduction
1
Table 1-2 System Defaults (Continued)
Function
Parameter
Default
SNMP
SNMP Agent
Enabled
Community Strings
“public” (read only)
“private” (read/write)
Traps
Authentication traps: enabled
Link-up-down events: enabled
SNMP V3
View: defaultview
Group: public (read only); private (read/write)
Port Configuration
Admin Status
Auto-negotiation
Flow Control
Enabled
Enabled
Disabled
Rate Limiting
Port Trunking
Input and output limits
Static Trunks
LACP (all ports)
Status
Disabled
None
Disabled
Broadcast Storm
Protection
Enabled (all ports)
500 packets per second
Broadcast Limit Rate
Status
Spanning Tree
Algorithm
Enabled, RSTP
(Defaults: All values based on IEEE 802.1w)
Fast Forwarding (Edge Port)
Aging Time
Disabled
Address Table
Virtual LANs
300 seconds
Default VLAN
1
PVID
1
Acceptable Frame Type
Ingress Filtering
All
Disabled
Switchport Mode (Egress Mode)
GVRP (global)
Hybrid: tagged/untagged frames
Disabled
Disabled
0
GVRP (port interface)
Ingress Port Priority
Weighted Round Robin
Traffic Prioritization
Queue: 0 1 2 3 4
5
6
7
Weight: 1 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
IP Precedence Priority
IP DSCP Priority
IP Port Priority
Disabled
Disabled
Disabled
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System Defaults
1
Table 1-2 System Defaults (Continued)
Parameter Default
Function
IP Settings
Management. VLAN
IP Address
Any VLAN configured with an IP address
0.0.0.0
Subnet Mask
Default Gateway
DHCP
255.0.0.0
0.0.0.0
Client: Enabled
Relay: Disabled
Server: Disabled
DNS
Server: Disabled
Disabled
BOOTP
ARP
Enabled
Cache Timeout: 20 minutes
Proxy: Disabled
Unicast Routing
RIP
Disabled
Disabled
Disabled
OSPF
Router Redundancy
Multicast Filtering
VRRP
IGMP Snooping (Layer 2)
Snooping: Enabled
Querier: Disabled
IGMP (Layer 3)
DVMRP
Disabled
Multicast Routing
System Log
Disabled
PIM-DM
Disabled
Status
Enabled
Messages Logged
Messages Logged to Flash
Event Handler
Clock Synchronization
Levels 0-7 (all)
Levels 0-3
SMTP Email Alerts
SNTP
Enabled (but no server defined)
Disabled
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Introduction
1
1-10
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Chapter 2: Initial Configuration
Connecting to the Switch
Configuration Options
The switch includes a built-in network management agent. The agent offers a variety
of management options, including SNMP, RMON and a web-based interface. A PC
may also be connected directly to the switch for configuration and monitoring via a
command line interface (CLI).
Note: The IP address for this switch is obtained via DHCP by default. To change this
The switch’s HTTP web agent allows you to configure switch parameters, monitor
port connections, and display statistics using a standard web browser such as
Netscape Navigator version 6.2 and higher or Microsoft IE version 5.0 and higher.
The switch’s web management interface can be accessed from any computer
attached to the network.
The CLI program can be accessed by a direct connection to the RS-232 serial
console port on the switch, or remotely by a Telnet connection over the network.
The switch’s management agent also supports SNMP (Simple Network
Management Protocol). This SNMP agent permits the switch to be managed from
any system in the network using network management software such as
HP OpenView.
The switch’s web interface, CLI configuration program, and SNMP agent allow you
to perform the following management functions:
• Set user names and passwords
• Set an IP interface for any VLAN
• Configure SNMP parameters
• Enable/disable any port
• Set the speed/duplex mode for any port
• Configure the bandwidth of any port by limiting input or output rates
• Control port access through IEEE 802.1X security or static address filtering
• Filter packets using Access Control Lists (ACLs)
• Configure up to 255 IEEE 802.1Q VLANs
• Enable GVRP automatic VLAN registration
• Configure IP routing for unicast or multicast traffic
• Configure router redundancy
• Configure IGMP multicast filtering
• Upload and download system firmware via TFTP
• Upload and download switch configuration files via TFTP
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Initial Configuration
2
• Configure Spanning Tree parameters
• Configure Class of Service (CoS) priority queuing
• Configure up to 12 static or LACP trunks
• Enable port mirroring
• Set broadcast storm control on any port
• Display system information and statistics
Required Connections
The switch provides an RS-232 serial port that enables a connection to a PC or
terminal for monitoring and configuring the switch. A null-modem console cable is
provided with the switch.
Attach a VT100-compatible terminal, or a PC running a terminal emulation program
to the switch. You can use the console cable provided with this package, or use a
null-modem cable that complies with the wiring assignments shown in the
Installation Guide.
To connect a terminal to the console port, complete the following steps:
1. Connect the console cable to the serial port on a terminal, or a PC running
terminal emulation software, and tighten the captive retaining screws on the
DB-9 connector.
2. Connect the other end of the cable to the RS-232 serial port on the switch.
3. Make sure the terminal emulation software is set as follows:
• Select the appropriate serial port (COM port 1 or COM port 2).
• Set to any of the following baud rates: 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200
(Note: Set to 9600 baud if want to view all the system initialization messages.).
• Set the data format to 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, and no parity.
• Set flow control to none.
• Set the emulation mode to VT100.
• When using HyperTerminal, select Terminal keys, not Windows keys.
®
®
Notes: 1. When using HyperTerminal with Microsoft Windows 2000, make sure that
you have Windows 2000 Service Pack 2 or later installed. Windows 2000
Service Pack 2 fixes the problem of arrow keys not functioning in
HyperTerminal’s VT100 emulation. See www.microsoft.com for information
on Windows 2000 service packs.
console configuration options.
3. Once you have set up the terminal correctly, the console login screen will be
displayed.
For a description of how to use the CLI, see “Using the Command Line Interface” on
page 4-1. For a list of all the CLI commands and detailed information on using the
CLI, refer to “Command Groups” on page 4-10.
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Basic Configuration
2
Remote Connections
Prior to accessing the switch’s onboard agent via a network connection, you must
first configure it with a valid IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway using a
console connection, DHCP or BOOTP protocol.
The IP address for this switch is obtained via DHCP by default. To manually
configure this address or enable dynamic address assignment via DHCP or BOOTP,
Notes: 1. This switch supports four concurrent Telnet/SSH sessions.
You can manage the switch via any of these addresses.
After configuring the switch’s IP parameters, you can access the onboard
configuration program from anywhere within the attached network. The onboard
configuration program can be accessed using Telnet from any computer attached to
the network. The switch can also be managed by any computer using a web
browser (Internet Explorer 5.0 or above, or Netscape Navigator 6.2 or above), or
from a network computer using SNMP network management software.
Note: The onboard program only provides access to basic configuration functions. To
access the full range of SNMP management functions, you must use
SNMP-based network management software.
Basic Configuration
Console Connection
The CLI program provides two different command levels — normal access level
(Normal Exec) and privileged access level (Privileged Exec). The commands
available at the Normal Exec level are a limited subset of those available at the
Privileged Exec level and allow you to only display information and use basic
utilities. To fully configure the switch parameters, you must access the CLI at the
Privileged Exec level.
Access to both CLI levels are controlled by user names and passwords. The switch
has a default user name and password for each level. To log into the CLI at the
Privileged Exec level using the default user name and password, perform these
steps:
1. To initiate your console connection, press <Enter>. The “User Access
Verification” procedure starts.
2. At the Username prompt, enter “admin.”
3. At the Password prompt, also enter “admin.” (The password characters are not
displayed on the console screen.)
4. The session is opened and the CLI displays the “Console#” prompt indicating
you have access at the Privileged Exec level.
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Initial Configuration
2
Setting Passwords
Note: If this is your first time to log into the CLI program, you should define new
passwords for both default user names using the “username” command, record
them and put them in a safe place.
Passwords can consist of up to 8 alphanumeric characters and are case sensitive.
To prevent unauthorized access to the switch, set the passwords as follows:
1. Open the console interface with the default user name and password “admin” to
access the Privileged Exec level.
2. Type “configure” and press <Enter>.
3. Type “username guest password 0 password,” for the Normal Exec level, where
password is your new password. Press <Enter>.
4. Type “username admin password 0 password,” for the Privileged Exec level,
where password is your new password. Press <Enter>.
Username: admin
Password:
CLI session with ES3628C Intelligent Standalone Switch is opened.
To end the CLI session, enter [Exit].
Console#configure
Console(config)#username guest password 0 [password]
Console(config)#username admin password 0 [password]
Console(config)#
Setting an IP Address
You must establish IP address information for the switch to obtain management
access through the network. This can be done in either of the following ways:
Manual — You have to input the information, including IP address and subnet mask.
If your management station is not in the same IP subnet as the switch, you will also
need to specify the default gateway router.
Dynamic — The switch sends IP configuration requests to BOOTP or DHCP
address allocation servers on the network.
Manual Configuration
You can manually assign an IP address to the switch. You may also need to specify
a default gateway that resides between this device and management stations that
exist on another network segment (if routing is not enabled on this switch). Valid IP
addresses consist of four decimal numbers, 0 to 255, separated by periods.
Anything outside this format will not be accepted by the CLI program.
Note: The IP address for this switch is obtained via DHCP by default.
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Basic Configuration
2
Before you can assign an IP address to the switch, you must obtain the following
information from your network administrator:
• IP address for the switch
• Default gateway for the network
• Network mask for this network
To assign an IP address to the switch, complete the following steps:
1. From the Privileged Exec level global configuration mode prompt, type
“interface vlan 1” to access the interface-configuration mode. Press <Enter>.
2. Type “ip address ip-address netmask,” where “ip-address” is the switch IP
address and “netmask” is the network mask for the network. Press <Enter>.
3. Type “exit” to return to the global configuration mode prompt. Press <Enter>.
4. To set the IP address of the default gateway for the network to which the switch
belongs, type “ip default-gateway gateway,” where “gateway” is the IP address
of the default gateway. Press <Enter>.
Console(config)#interface vlan 1
Console(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.5 255.255.255.0
Console(config-if)#exit
Console(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.1.254
Console(config)#
Dynamic Configuration
If you select the “bootp” or “dhcp” option, IP will be enabled but will not function until
a BOOTP or DHCP reply has been received. You therefore need to use the “ip dhcp
restart client” command to start broadcasting service requests. Requests will be sent
periodically in an effort to obtain IP configuration information. (BOOTP and DHCP
values can include the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway.)
If the “bootp” or “dhcp” option is saved to the startup-config file (step 6), then the
switch will start broadcasting service requests as soon as it is powered on.
To automatically configure the switch by communicating with BOOTP or DHCP
address allocation servers on the network, complete the following steps:
1. From the Global Configuration mode prompt, type “interface vlan 1” to access
the interface-configuration mode. Press <Enter>.
2. At the interface-configuration mode prompt, use one of the following commands:
• To obtain IP settings via DHCP, type “ip address dhcp” and press <Enter>.
• To obtain IP settings via BOOTP, type “ip address bootp” and press <Enter>.
3. Type “end” to return to the Privileged Exec mode. Press <Enter>.
4. Type “ip dhcp restart client” to begin broadcasting service requests.
Press <Enter>.
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Initial Configuration
2
5. Wait a few minutes, and then check the IP configuration settings by typing the
“show ip interface” command. Press <Enter>.
6. Then save your configuration changes by typing “copy running-config
startup-config.” Enter the startup file name and press <Enter>.
Console(config)#interface vlan 1
Console(config-if)#ip address dhcp
Console(config-if)#end
Console#ip dhcp restart client
Console#show ip interface
IP address and netmask: 192.168.1.54 255.255.255.0 on VLAN 1,
and address mode: User specified.
Console#copy running-config startup-config
Startup configuration file name []: startup
\Write to FLASH Programming.
\Write to FLASH finish.
Success.
Enabling SNMP Management Access
The switch can be configured to accept management commands from Simple
Network Management Protocol (SNMP) applications such as HP OpenView. You
can configure the switch to (1) respond to SNMP requests or (2) generate SNMP
traps.
When SNMP management stations send requests to the switch (either to return
information or to set a parameter), the switch provides the requested data or sets the
specified parameter. The switch can also be configured to send information to
SNMP managers (without being requested by the managers) through trap
messages, which inform the manager that certain events have occurred.
The switch includes an SNMP agent that supports SNMP version 1, 2c, and 3
clients. To provide management access for version 1 or 2c clients, you must specify
a community string. The switch provides a default MIB View (i.e., an SNMPv3
construct) for the default “public” community string that provides read access to the
entire MIB tree, and a default view for the “private” community string that provides
read/write access to the entire MIB tree. However, you may assign new views to
version 1 or 2c community strings that suit your specific security requirements (see
Community Strings (for SNMP version 1 and 2c clients)
Community strings are used to control management access to SNMP version 1 and
2c stations, as well as to authorize SNMP stations to receive trap messages from
the switch. You therefore need to assign community strings to specified users, and
set the access level.
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Basic Configuration
2
The default strings are:
• public - with read-only access. Authorized management stations are only able to
retrieve MIB objects.
• private - with read-write access. Authorized management stations are able to both
retrieve and modify MIB objects.
To prevent unauthorized access to the switch from SNMP version 1 or 2c clients, it is
recommended that you change the default community strings.
To configure a community string, complete the following steps:
1. From the Privileged Exec level global configuration mode prompt, type
“snmp-server community string mode,” where “string” is the community access
string and “mode” is rw (read/write) or ro (read only). Press <Enter>. (Note that
the default mode is read only.)
2. To remove an existing string, simply type “no snmp-server community string,”
where “string” is the community access string to remove. Press <Enter>.
Console(config)#snmp-server community admin rw
Console(config)#snmp-server community private
Console(config)#
Note: If you do not intend to support access to SNMP version 1 and 2c clients, we
recommend that you delete both of the default community strings. If there are no
community strings, then SNMP management access from SNMP v1 and v2c
clients is disabled.
Trap Receivers
You can also specify SNMP stations that are to receive traps from the switch. To
configure a trap receiver, use the “snmp-server host” command. From the Privileged
Exec level global configuration mode prompt, type:
“snmp-server host host-address community-string
[version {1 | 2c | 3 {auth | noauth | priv}}]”
where “host-address” is the IP address for the trap receiver, “community-string”
specifies access rights for a version 1/2c host, or is the user name of a version 3
host, “version” indicates the SNMP client version, and “auth | noauth | priv” means
that authentication, no authentication, or authentication and privacy is used for v3
clients. Then press <Enter>. For a more detailed description of these parameters,
for each type of SNMP client.
Console(config)#snmp-server host 10.1.19.23 batman
Console(config)#snmp-server host 10.1.19.98 robin version 2c
Console(config)#snmp-server host 10.1.19.34 barbie version 3 auth
Console(config)#
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Initial Configuration
2
Configuring Access for SNMP Version 3 Clients
To configure management access for SNMPv3 clients, you need to first create a
view that defines the portions of MIB that the client can read or write, assign the view
to a group, and then assign the user to a group. The following example creates one
view called “mib-2” that includes the entire MIB-2 tree branch, and then another view
that includes the IEEE 802.1d bridge MIB. It assigns these respective read and read/
write views to a group call “r&d” and specifies group authentication via MD5 or SHA.
In the last step, it assigns a v3 user to this group, indicating that MD5 will be used for
authentication, provides the password “greenpeace” for authentication, and the
password “einstien” for encryption.
Console(config)#snmp-server view mib-2 1.3.6.1.2.1 included
Console(config)#snmp-server view 802.1d 1.3.6.1.2.1.17 included
Console(config)#snmp-server group r&d v3 auth mib-2 802.1d
Console(config)#snmp-server user steve group r&d v3 auth md5 greenpeace
priv des56 einstien
Console(config)#
For a more detailed explanation on how to configure the switch for access from
refer to the specific CLI commands for SNMP starting on page 4-107.
Saving Configuration Settings
Configuration commands only modify the running configuration file and are not
saved when the switch is rebooted. To save all your configuration changes in
nonvolatile storage, you must copy the running configuration file to the start-up
configuration file using the “copy” command.
To save the current configuration settings, enter the following command:
1. From the Privileged Exec mode prompt, type “copy running-config
startup-config” and press <Enter>.
2. Enter the name of the start-up file. Press <Enter>.
Console#copy running-config startup-config
Startup configuration file name []: startup
\Write to FLASH Programming.
\Write to FLASH finish.
Success.
Console#
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Managing System Files
2
Managing System Files
The switch’s flash memory supports three types of system files that can be managed
by the CLI program, web interface, or SNMP. The switch’s file system allows files to
be uploaded and downloaded, copied, deleted, and set as a start-up file.
The three types of files are:
• Configuration — This file type stores system configuration information and is
created when configuration settings are saved. Saved configuration files can be
selected as a system start-up file or can be uploaded via TFTP to a server for
backup. The file named “Factory_Default_Config.cfg” contains all the system
default settings and cannot be deleted from the system. If the system is booted with
the factory default settings, the master unit will also create a file named
1
“startup1.cfg” that contains system settings for stack initialization , including
information about the unit identifier, MAC address, and installed module type for
each unit the stack. The configuration settings from the factory defaults
configuration file are copied to this file, which is then used to boot the stack. See
“Saving or Restoring Configuration Settings” on page 3-22 for more information.
information.
• Operation Code — System software that is executed after boot-up, also known as
run-time code. This code runs the switch operations and provides the CLI and web
information.
• Diagnostic Code — Software that is run during system boot-up, also known as
POST (Power On Self-Test).
Due to the size limit of the flash memory, the switch supports only two operation
code files. However, you can have as many diagnostic code files and configuration
files as available flash memory space allows.
In the system flash memory, one file of each type must be set as the start-up file.
During a system boot, the diagnostic and operation code files set as the start-up file
are run, and then the start-up configuration file is loaded.
Note that configuration files should be downloaded using a file name that reflects the
contents or usage of the file settings. If you download directly to the running-config,
the system will reboot, and the settings will have to be copied from the
running-config to a permanent file.
1. Stacking is not supported in the current firmware.
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Initial Configuration
2
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Chapter 3: Configuring the Switch
Using the Web Interface
This switch provides an embedded HTTP web agent. Using a web browser you can
configure the switch and view statistics to monitor network activity. The web agent
can be accessed by any computer on the network using a standard web browser
(Internet Explorer 5.0 or above, or Netscape Navigator 6.2 or above).
Note: You can also use the Command Line Interface (CLI) to manage the switch over a
serial connection to the console port or via Telnet. For more information on using
Prior to accessing the switch from a web browser, be sure you have first performed
the following tasks:
1. Configure the switch with a valid IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway
using an out-of-band serial connection, BOOTP or DHCP protocol. (See “Setting
2. Set user names and passwords using an out-of-band serial connection. Access
to the web agent is controlled by the same user names and passwords as the
3. After you enter a user name and password, you will have access to the system
configuration program.
Notes: 1. You are allowed three attempts to enter the correct password; on the third
failed attempt the current connection is terminated.
2. If you log into the web interface as guest (Normal Exec level), you can view
the configuration settings or change the guest password. If you log in as
“admin” (Privileged Exec level), you can change the settings on any page.
3. If the path between your management station and this switch does not pass
through any device that uses the Spanning Tree Algorithm, then you can set
the switch port attached to your management station to fast forwarding (i.e.,
enable Admin Edge Port) to improve the switch’s response time to
management commands issued through the web interface. See “Configuring
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Configuring the Switch
3
Navigating the Web Browser Interface
To access the web-browser interface you must first enter a user name and
password. The administrator has Read/Write access to all configuration parameters
and statistics. The default user name and password “admin” is used for the
administrator.
Home Page
When your web browser connects with the switch’s web agent, the home page is
displayed as shown below. The home page displays the Main Menu on the left side
of the screen and System Information on the right side. The Main Menu links are
used to navigate to other menus, and display configuration parameters and
statistics.
Figure 3-1 Home Page
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Navigating the Web Browser Interface
3
Configuration Options
Configurable parameters have a dialog box or a drop-down list. Once a configuration
change has been made on a page, be sure to click on the Apply button to confirm
the new setting. The following table summarizes the web page configuration
buttons.
Table 3-1 Web Page Configuration Buttons
Button
Apply
Action
Sets specified values to the system.
Revert
Cancels specified values and restores current values prior to
pressing “Apply.”
Help
Links directly to web help.
Notes: 1. To ensure proper screen refresh, be sure that Internet Explorer 5.x is
configured as follows: Under the menu “Tools / Internet Options / General /
Temporary Internet Files / Settings,” the setting for item “Check for newer
versions of stored pages” should be “Every visit to the page.”
2. When using Internet Explorer 5.0, you may have to manually refresh the
screen after making configuration changes by pressing the browser’s refresh
button.
Panel Display
The web agent displays an image of the switch’s ports. The Mode can be set to
display different information for the ports, including Active (i.e., up or down), Duplex
(i.e., half or full duplex), or Flow Control (i.e., with or without flow control). Clicking on
Figure 3-2 Front Panel Indicators
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Configuring the Switch
3
Main Menu
Using the onboard web agent, you can define system parameters, manage and
control the switch, and all its ports, or monitor network conditions. The following
table briefly describes the selections available from this program.
Table 3-2 Switch Main Menu
Menu
Description
Page
System
System Information
Provides basic system description, including contact information
Switch Information
Shows the number of ports, hardware/firmware version
numbers, and power status
Bridge Extension
Jumbo Frames
File Management
Copy Operation
Delete
Shows the bridge extension parameters
Enables support for jumbo frames
Allows the transfer and copying files
Allows deletion of files from the flash memory
Sets the startup file
Set Startup
Line
Console
Sets console port connection parameters
Sets Telnet connection parameters
Telnet
Log
Logs
Sends error messages to a logging process
Stores and displays error messages
System Logs
Remote Logs
SMTP
Configures the logging of messages to a remote logging process
Sends an SMTP client message to a participating server
Restarts the switch
Reset
SNTP
Configuration
Configures SNTP client settings, including a specified list of
servers
Clock Time Zone
Sets the local time zone for the system clock
SNMP
Configuration
Agent Status
Configures community strings and related trap functions
Enables or disables SNMP
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Navigating the Web Browser Interface
3
Table 3-2 Switch Main Menu (Continued)
Menu
SNMPv3
Engine ID
Description
Page
Sets the SNMP v3 engine ID
Remote Engine ID
Users
Sets the SNMP v3 engine ID on a remote device
Configures SNMP v3 users
Remote Users
Groups
Configures SNMP v3 users on a remote device
Configures SNMP v3 groups
Views
Configures SNMP v3 views
Security
User Accounts
Authentication Settings
HTTPS Settings
SSH
Configures user names, passwords, and access levels
Configures authentication sequence, RADIUS and TACACS
Configures secure HTTP settings
Settings
Configures Secure Shell server settings
Host-Key Settings
Port Security
Generates the host key pair (public and private)
Configures per port security, including status, response for
security breach, and maximum allowed MAC addresses
802.1X
Port authentication
Information
Configuration
Port Configuration
Statistics
Displays global configuration settings
Configures global configuration parameters
Sets the authentication mode for individual ports
Displays protocol statistics for the selected port
ACL
Configuration
Mask Configuration
Port Binding
IP Filter
Configures packet filtering based on IP or MAC addresses
Controls the order in which ACL rules are checked
Binds a port to the specified ACL
Configures IP addresses that are allowed management access
Port
Port Information
Displays port connection status
Trunk Information
Port Configuration
Trunk Configuration
Trunk Membership
Displays trunk connection status
Configures port connection settings
Configures trunk connection settings
Specifies ports to group into static trunks
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Configuring the Switch
3
Table 3-2 Switch Main Menu (Continued)
Menu
Description
Page
LACP
Configuration
Aggregation Port
Allows ports to dynamically join trunks
Configures parameters for link aggregation group members
Port Counters Information Displays statistics for LACP protocol messages
Port Internal Information Displays settings and operational state for the local side
Port Neighbors Information Displays settings and operational state for the remote side
Port Broadcast Control
Trunk Broadcast Control
Mirror Port Configuration
Rate Limit
Sets the broadcast storm threshold for each port
Sets the broadcast storm threshold for each trunk
Sets the source and target ports for mirroring
Input Port Configuration
Sets the input rate limit for each port
Input Trunk Configuration Sets the input rate limit for each trunk
Output Port Configuration Sets the output rate limit for each port
Output Trunk Configuration Sets the output rate limit for each trunk
Port Statistics
Address Table
Static Addresses
Dynamic Addresses
Address Aging
Spanning Tree
STA
Lists Ethernet and RMON port statistics
Displays entries for interface, address or VLAN
Displays or edits static entries in the Address Table
Sets timeout for dynamically learned entries
Information
Displays STA values used for the bridge
Configuration
Configures global bridge settings for STP, RSTP and MSTP
Displays individual port settings for STA
Port Information
Trunk Information
Port Configuration
Trunk Configuration
MSTP
Displays individual trunk settings for STA
Configures individual port settings for STA
Configures individual trunk settings for STA
VLAN Configuration
Port Information
Trunk Information
Port Configuration
Configures priority and VLANs for a spanning tree instance
Displays port settings for a specified MST instance
Displays trunk settings for a specified MST instance
Configures port settings for a specified MST instance
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Navigating the Web Browser Interface
3
Table 3-2 Switch Main Menu (Continued)
Menu
Trunk Configuration
VLAN
802.1Q VLAN
Description
Page
Configures trunk settings for a specified MST instance
GVRP Status
Enables GVRP VLAN registration protocol
Basic Information
Current Table
Shows the current port members of each VLAN and whether or
not the port is tagged or untagged
Static List
Used to create or remove VLAN groups
Modifies the settings for an existing VLAN
Static Table
Static Membership by Port Configures membership type for interfaces, including tagged,
untagged or forbidden
Port Configuration
Trunk Configuration
Private VLAN
Status
Specifies default PVID and VLAN attributes
Specifies default trunk VID and VLAN attributes
Enables or disables the private VLAN
Configures the private VLAN
Link Status
Protocol VLAN
Configuration
Creates a protocol group, specifying the supported protocols
Maps a protocol group to a VLAN
NA
Port Configuration
Priority
Default Port Priority
Default Trunk Priority
Traffic Classes
Sets the default priority for each port
Sets the default priority for each trunk
Maps IEEE 802.1p priority tags to output queues
Enables/disables traffic class priorities (not implemented)
Sets queue mode to strict priority or Weighted Round-Robin
Configures Weighted Round Robin queueing
Traffic Classes Status
Queue Mode
Queue Scheduling
IP Precedence/
DSCP Priority Status
Globally selects IP Precedence or DSCP Priority, or disables
both.
IP Precedence Priority
Sets IP Type of Service priority, mapping the precedence tag to
a class-of-service value
IP DSCP Priority
Sets IP Differentiated Services Code Point priority, mapping a
DSCP tag to a class-of-service value
IP Port Priority Status
IP Port Priority
Globally enables or disables IP Port Priority
Sets TCP/UDP port priority, defining the socket number and
associated class-of-service value
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Configuring the Switch
3
Table 3-2 Switch Main Menu (Continued)
Menu
Description
Page
QoS
DiffServ
Class Map
Configure QoS classification criteria and service policies
Creates a class map for a type of traffic
Policy Map
Service Policy
Creates a policy map for multiple interfaces
Applies a policy map defined to an ingress port
IGMP Snooping
IGMP Configuration
Enables multicast filtering; configures parameters for multicast
query
Multicast Router
Port Information
Displays the ports that are attached to a neighboring multicast
router for each VLAN ID
Static Multicast Router
Port Configuration
IP Multicast Registration
Table
Displays all multicast groups active on this switch, including
multicast IP addresses and VLAN ID
IGMP Member Port Table
Indicates multicast addresses associated with the selected
VLAN
DNS
General Configuration
Enables DNS; configures domain name and domain list; and
specifies IP address of name servers for dynamic lookup
Static Host Table
Cache
Configures static entries for domain name to address mapping
DHCP
Relay Configuration
Server
Configures DHCP server parameters
General
Enables DHCP server; configures excluded address range
Configures address pools for network groups or a specific host
Displays addresses currently bound to DHCP clients
Pool Configuration
IP Binding
IP
General
Global Settings
Routing Interface
Enables or disables routing, specifies the default gateway
Configures the IP interface for the specified VLAN
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Navigating the Web Browser Interface
3
Table 3-2 Switch Main Menu (Continued)
Description
Menu
ARP
General
Page
the specified VLAN
Static Addresses
Dynamic Addresses
Other Addresses
Statistics
Statically maps a physical address to an IP address
Shows dynamically learned entries in the IP routing table
Shows internal addresses used by the switch
Shows statistics on ARP requests sent and received
IGMP
Interface Settings
Group Membership
Configures Layer 3 IGMP for specific VLAN interfaces
Displays the current multicast groups learned via IGMP
Statistics
IP
Shows statistics for IP traffic, including the amount of traffic,
address errors, routing, fragmentation and reassembly
ICMP
Shows statistics for ICMP traffic, including the amount of traffic,
protocol errors, and the number of echoes, timestamps, and
address masks
UDP
TCP
Shows statistics for UDP, including the amount of traffic and
errors
connection activity
Routing
Static Routes
Configures and display static routing entries
Routing Table
Shows all routing entries, including local, static and dynamic
routes
Multicast Routing
General Settings
Multicast Routing Table
VRRP
Globally enables multicast routing
Shows each multicast route this switch has learned
Group Configuration
Configures VRRP groups, including virtual interface address,
advertisement interval, preemption, priority, and authentication
Global Statistics
Group Statistics
Displays global statistics for VRRP protocol packet errors
Displays statistics for VRRP protocol events and errors on the
specified VRRP group and interface
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Configuring the Switch
3
Table 3-2 Switch Main Menu (Continued)
Menu
Description
Page
Routing Protocol
RIP
General Settings
Enables or disables RIP, sets the global RIP version and timer
values
Network Addresses
Interface Settings
Configures the network interfaces that will use RIP
Configures RIP parameters for each interface, including send
and receive versions, message loopback prevention, and
authentication
Statistics
Displays general information on update time, route changes and
number of queries, as well as a list of statistics for known
interfaces and neighbors
OSPF
General Configuration
Enables or disables OSPF; also configures the Router ID and
various other global settings
Area Configuration
Specifies rules for importing routes into each area
Area Range Configuration Configures route summaries to advertise at an area boundary
Interface Configuration
Shows area ID and designated router; also configures OSPF
protocol settings and authentication for each interface
Virtual Link Configuration Configures a virtual link through a transit area to the backbone
Network Area Address
Configuration
Defines OSPF areas and associated interfaces
Summary Address
Configuration
Aggregates routes learned from other protocols for advertising
into other autonomous systems
Redistribute Configuration Redistributes routes from one routing domain to another
NSSA Settings
Configures settings for importing routes into or exporting routes
out of not-so-stubby areas
Link State Database
Information
Shows information about different OSPF Link State
Advertisements (LSAs) stored in this router’s database
Border Router Information Displays routing table entries for area border routers and
autonomous system boundary routers
Neighbor Information
Displays information about neighboring routers on each
interface within an OSPF area
DVMRP
General Settings
Configure global settings for prune and graft messages, and the
exchange of routing information
Interface Settings
Neighbor Information
Routing Table
Displays neighboring DVMRP routers
Displays DVMRP routing information
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Navigating the Web Browser Interface
3
Table 3-2 Switch Main Menu (Continued)
Menu
PIM-DM
General Settings
Description
Page
Enables or disables PIM-DM globally for the switch
Interface Settings
Enables or disables PIM-DM per interface, configures protocol
settings for hello, prune and graft messages
Interface Information
Neighbor Information
Displays summary information for each interface
Displays neighboring PIM-DM routers
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Configuring the Switch
3
Basic Configuration
Displaying System Information
You can easily identify the system by displaying the device name, location and
contact information.
Field Attributes
• System Name – Name assigned to the switch system.
• Object ID – MIB II object ID for switch’s network management subsystem.
• Location – Specifies the system location.
• Contact – Administrator responsible for the system.
• System Up Time – Length of time the management agent has been up.
These additional parameters are displayed for the CLI.
• MAC Address – The physical layer address for this switch.
• Web server – Shows if management access via HTTP is enabled.
• Web server port – Shows the TCP port number used by the web interface.
• Web secure server – Shows if management access via HTTPS is enabled.
• Web secure server port – Shows the TCP port used by the HTTPS interface.
• Telnet server – Shows if management access via Telnet is enabled.
• Telnet server port – Shows the TCP port used by the Telnet interface.
• Authentication login – Shows the user login authentication sequence.
• Jumbo Frame – Shows if jumbo frames are enabled.
• POST result – Shows results of the power-on self-test
Web – Click System, System Information. Specify the system name, location, and
contact information for the system administrator, then click Apply. (This page also
includes a Telnet button that allows access to the Command Line Interface via Telnet.)
Figure 3-3 System Information
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Basic Configuration
3
CLI – Specify the hostname, location and contact information.
Console(config)#hostname R&D 5
Console(config)#snmp-server location WC 9
Console(config)#snmp-server contact Ted
Console(config)#exit
Console#show system
System description: 24/48 L3 GE Switch
System OID String: 1.3.6.1.4.1.259.6.10.75
System information
System Up Time:
System Name:
0 days, 7 hours, 0 minutes, and 33.99 seconds
R&D 5
System Location:
System Contact:
MAC Address (unit1):
Web Server:
Web Server Port:
Web Secure Server:
WC 9
Ted
00-30-F1-D4-73-A0
Enabled
80
Enabled
Web Secure Server Port: 443
Telnet Server:
Enable
Telnet Server Port:
Authentication login:
Jumbo Frame:
23
local RADIUS none
Disabled
POST Result:
DUMMY Test 1 ................. PASS
UART Loopback Test ........... PASS
DRAM Test ............... PASS
Timer Test ................... PASS
PCI Device 1 Test ............ PASS
Switch Int Loopback Test ..... PASS
Done All Pass.
Console#
Displaying Switch Hardware/Software Versions
Use the Switch Information page to display hardware/firmware version numbers for
the main board and management software, as well as the power status of the
system.
Field Attributes
Main Board
• Serial Number – The serial number of the switch.
• Number of Ports – Number of built-in ports.
• Hardware Version – Hardware version of the main board.
• Internal Power Status – Displays the status of the internal power supply.
Management Software
• EPLD Version – Version number of EEPROM Programmable Logic Device.
• Loader Version – Version number of loader code.
• Boot-ROM Version – Version of Power-On Self-Test (POST) and boot code.
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Configuring the Switch
3
• Operation Code Version – Version number of runtime code.
2
• Role – Shows that this switch is operating as Master or Slave .
These additional parameters are displayed for the CLI.
• Redundant Power Status – Displays the status of the redundant power supply.
Web – Click System, Switch Information.
Figure 3-4 Switch Information
CLI – Use the following command to display version information.
Console#show version
Unit 1
Serial number:
Hardware version:
EPLD version:
Number of ports:
Main power status:
S447014288
R01A
0.03
28
up
Redundant power status: not present
Agent (master)
Unit ID:
1
Loader Version:
Boot ROM Version:
1.0.1.4
1.0.1.6
Operation Code Version: 3.1.0.18
Console#
2. Stacking is not supported in the current firmware.
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Basic Configuration
3
Displaying Bridge Extension Capabilities
The Bridge MIB includes extensions for managed devices that support Multicast
Filtering, Traffic Classes, and Virtual LANs. You can access these extensions to
display default settings for the key variables.
Field Attributes
• Extended Multicast Filtering Services – This switch does not support the filtering
of individual multicast addresses based on GMRP (GARP Multicast Registration
Protocol).
• Traffic Classes – This switch provides mapping of user priorities to multiple traffic
• Static Entry Individual Port – This switch allows static filtering for unicast and
• VLAN Learning – This switch uses Independent VLAN Learning (IVL), where each
port maintains its own filtering database.
• Configurable PVID Tagging – This switch allows you to override the default Port
VLAN ID (PVID used in frame tags) and egress status (VLAN-Tagged or
• Local VLAN Capable – This switch does not support multiple local bridges outside
of the scope of 802.1Q defined VLANs.
• GMRP – GARP Multicast Registration Protocol (GMRP) allows network devices to
register endstations with multicast groups. This switch does not support GMRP; it
uses the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) to provide automatic
multicast filtering.
Web – Click System, Bridge Extension.
Figure 3-5 Displaying Bridge Extension Configuration
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Configuring the Switch
3
CLI – Enter the following command.
Console#show bridge-ext
Max support VLAN numbers:
Max support VLAN ID:
256
4094
Extended multicast filtering services: No
Static entry individual port:
VLAN learning:
Yes
IVL
Configurable PVID tagging:
Local VLAN capable:
Traffic classes:
Global GVRP status:
GMRP:
Yes
No
Enabled
Disabled
Disabled
Console#
Configuring Support for Jumbo Frames
The switch provides more efficient throughput for large sequential data transfers by
supporting jumbo frames up to 9216 bytes. Compared to standard Ethernet frames
that run only up to 1.5 KB, using jumbo frames significantly reduces the per-packet
overhead required to process protocol encapsulation fields.
Command Usage
To use jumbo frames, both the source and destination end nodes (such as a
computer or server) must support this feature. Also, when the connection is
operating at full duplex, all switches in the network between the two end nodes must
be able to accept the extended frame size. And for half-duplex connections, all
devices in the collision domain would need to support jumbo frames.
Command Attributes
Jumbo Packet Status – Configures support for jumbo frames. (Default: Disabled)
Web – Click System, Jumbo Frames. Enable or disable support for jumbo frames,
and click Apply.
Figure 3-6 Configuring Support for Jumbo Frames
CLI – This example enables jumbo frames globally for the switch.
Console(config)#jumbo frame
Console(config)#
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Basic Configuration
3
Setting the Switch’s IP Address
This section describes how to configure an initial IP interface for management
access over the network. The IP address for this switch is obtained via DHCP by
default. To manually configure an address, you need to change the switch’s default
settings to values that are compatible with your network. You may also need to a
establish a default gateway between the switch and management stations that exist
on another network segment (if routing is not enabled on this switch).
You can manually configure a specific IP address, or direct the device to obtain an
address from a BOOTP or DHCP server. Valid IP addresses consist of four decimal
numbers, 0 to 255, separated by periods. Anything outside this format will not be
accepted by the CLI program.
Command Usage
• This section describes how to configure a single local interface for initial access to
the switch. To configure multiple IP interfaces on this switch, you must set up an
• To enable routing between the different interfaces on this switch, you must enable
• To enable routing between the interfaces defined on this switch and external
• The precedence for configuring IP interfaces is the IP / General / Routing Interface
Command Attributes
• VLAN – ID of the configured VLAN (1-4094). By default, all ports on the switch are
members of VLAN 1. However, the management station can be attached to a port
belonging to any VLAN, as long as that VLAN has been assigned an IP address.
• IP Address Mode – Specifies whether IP functionality is enabled via manual
configuration (Static), Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), or Boot
Protocol (BOOTP). If DHCP/BOOTP is enabled, IP will not function until a reply has
been received from the server. Requests will be broadcast periodically by the
switch for an IP address. (DHCP/BOOTP values can include the IP address,
subnet mask, and default gateway.)
• IP Address – Address of the VLAN to which the management station is attached.
(Note you can manage the switch through any configured IP interface.) Valid IP
addresses consist of four numbers, 0 to 255, separated by periods.
(Default: 0.0.0.0)
• Subnet Mask – This mask identifies the host address bits used for routing to
specific subnets. (Default: 255.0.0.0)
• Default Gateway – IP address of the gateway router between the switch and
management stations that exist on other network segments. (Default: 0.0.0.0)
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Configuring the Switch
3
Manual Configuration
Web – Click IP, General, Routing Interface. Select the VLAN through which the
management station is attached, set the IP Address Mode to “Static,” and specify a
“Primary” interface. Enter the IP address, subnet mask and gateway, then click
Apply.
Figure 3-7 IP Interface Configuration - Manual
Click IP, Global Setting. If this switch and management stations exist on other
network segments, then specify the default gateway, and click Apply.
Figure 3-8 Default Gateway
CLI – Specify the management interface, IP address and default gateway.
Console#config
Console(config)#interface vlan 1
Console(config-if)#ip address 10.1.0.253 255.255.255.0
Console(config-if)#exit
Console(config)#ip default-gateway 10.1.0.254
Console(config)#
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Basic Configuration
3
Using DHCP/BOOTP
If your network provides DHCP/BOOTP services, you can configure the switch to be
dynamically configured by these services.
Web – Click IP, General, Routing Interface. Specify the VLAN to which the
management station is attached, set the IP Address Mode to DHCP or BOOTP. Click
Apply to save your changes. Then click Restart DHCP to immediately request a new
address. Note that the switch will also broadcast a request for IP configuration
settings on each power reset.
Figure 3-9 IP Interface Configuration - DHCP
Note: If you lose your management connection, make a console connection and enter
“show ip interface” to determine the new switch address.
CLI – Specify the management interface, and set the IP address mode to DHCP or
BOOTP, and then enter the “ip dhcp restart client” command.
Console#config
Console(config)#interface vlan 1
Console(config-if)#ip address dhcp
Console(config-if)#end
Console#ip dhcp restart client
Console#show ip interface
Vlan 1 is up, addressing mode is DHCP
Interface address is 192.168.1.253, mask is 255.255.255.0, Primary
MTU is 1500 bytes
Proxy ARP is disabled
Split horizon is enabled
Console#
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Configuring the Switch
3
Renewing DCHP – DHCP may lease addresses to clients indefinitely or for a
specific period of time. If the address expires or the switch is moved to another
network segment, you will lose management access to the switch. In this case, you
can reboot the switch or submit a client request to restart DHCP service via the CLI.
Web – If the address assigned by DHCP is no longer functioning, you will not be
able to renew the IP settings via the web interface. You can only restart DHCP
service via the web interface if the current address is still available.
CLI – Enter the following command to restart DHCP service.
Console#ip dhcp restart client
Console#
Managing Firmware
You can upload/download firmware to or from a TFTP server, or copy files to and
3
from switch units in a stack . By saving runtime code to a file on a TFTP server, that
file can later be downloaded to the switch to restore operation. You can also set the
switch to use new firmware without overwriting the previous version. You must
specify the method of file transfer, along with the file type and file names as required.
Command Attributes
• File Transfer Method – The firmware copy operation includes these options:
- file to file – Copies a file within the switch directory, assigning it a new name.
- file to tftp – Copies a file from the switch to a TFTP server.
- tftp to file – Copies a file from a TFTP server to the switch.
• TFTP Server IP Address – The IP address of a TFTP server.
• File Type – Specify opcode (operational code) to copy firmware.
• File Name – The file name should not contain slashes (\ or /), the leading letter of
the file name should not be a period (.), and the maximum length for file names on
the TFTP server is 127 characters or 31 characters for files on the switch.
(Valid characters: A-Z, a-z, 0-9, “.”, “-”, “_”)
Note: Up to two copies of the system software (i.e., the runtime firmware) can be stored
in the file directory on the switch. The currently designated startup version of this
file cannot be deleted.
3. Stacking is not supported in the current firmware.
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Basic Configuration
3
Downloading System Software from a Server
When downloading runtime code, you can specify the destination file name to
replace the current image, or first download the file using a different name from the
current runtime code file, and then set the new file as the startup file.
Web – Click System, File Management, Copy Operation. Select “tftp to file” as the
file transfer method, enter the IP address of the TFTP server, set the file type to
“opcode,” enter the file name of the software to download, select a file on the switch
to overwrite or specify a new file name, then click Apply. If you replaced the current
firmware used for startup and want to start using the new operation code, reboot the
system via the System/Reset menu.
Figure 3-10 Copy Firmware
If you download to a new destination file, go to the File Management, Set Start-Up
menu, mark the operation code file used at startup, and click Apply. To start the new
firmware, reboot the system via the System/Reset menu.
Figure 3-11 Setting the Startup Code
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Configuring the Switch
3
To delete a file select System, File Management, Delete. Select the file name from
the given list by checking the tick box and click Apply. Note that the file currently
designated as the startup code cannot be deleted.
Figure 3-12 Deleting Files
CLI – To download new firmware form a TFTP server, enter the IP address of the
TFTP server, select “config” as the file type, then enter the source and destination
file names. When the file has finished downloading, set the new file to start up the
system, and then restart the switch.
To start the new firmware, enter the “reload” command or reboot the system.
Console#copy tftp file
TFTP server ip address: 10.1.0.19
Choose file type:
1. config: 2. opcode: <1-2>: 2
Source file name: V3.1.0.18.bix
Destination file name: V31018
\Write to FLASH Programming.
-Write to FLASH finish.
Success.
Console#config
Console(config)#boot system opcode:V31018
Console(config)#exit
Console#reload
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Basic Configuration
3
Saving or Restoring Configuration Settings
You can upload/download configuration settings to/from a TFTP server, or copy files
4
to and from switch units in a stack . The configuration file can be later downloaded
to restore the switch’s settings.
Command Attributes
• File Transfer Method – The configuration copy operation includes these options:
- file to file – Copies a file within the switch directory, assigning it a new name.
- file to running-config – Copies a file in the switch to the running configuration.
- file to startup-config – Copies a file in the switch to the startup configuration.
- file to tftp – Copies a file from the switch to a TFTP server.
- running-config to file – Copies the running configuration to a file.
- running-config to startup-config – Copies the running config to the startup config.
- running-config to tftp – Copies the running configuration to a TFTP server.
- startup-config to file – Copies the startup configuration to a file on the switch.
- startup-config to running-config – Copies the startup config to the running config.
- startup-config to tftp – Copies the startup configuration to a TFTP server.
- tftp to file – Copies a file from a TFTP server to the switch.
- tftp to running-config – Copies a file from a TFTP server to the running config.
- tftp to startup-config – Copies a file from a TFTP server to the startup config.
• TFTP Server IP Address – The IP address of a TFTP server.
• File Type – Specify config (configuration) to copy configuration settings.
•
File Name — The configuration file name should not contain slashes (\ or /), the
leading letter of the file name should not be a period (.), and the maximum length
for file names on the TFTP server is 127 characters or 31 characters for files on
the switch. (Valid characters: A-Z, a-z, 0-9, “.”, “-”, “_”)
Note: The maximum number of user-defined configuration files is limited only by
available flash memory space.
4. Stacking is not supported in the current firmware.
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Configuring the Switch
3
Downloading Configuration Settings from a Server
You can download the configuration file under a new file name and then set it as the
startup file, or you can specify the current startup configuration file as the destination
file to directly replace it. Note that the file “Factory_Default_Config.cfg” can be
copied to the TFTP server, but cannot be used as the destination on the switch.
Web – Click System, File Management, Copy Operation. Choose “tftp to
startup-config” or “tftp to file,” and enter the IP address of the TFTP server. Specify
the name of the file to download, select a file on the switch to overwrite or specify a
new file name, and then click Apply.
Figure 3-13 Downloading Configuration Settings for Start-Up
If you download to a new file name using “tftp to startup-config” or “tftp to file,” the file
is automatically set as the start-up configuration file. To use the new settings, reboot
the system via the System/Reset menu. You can also select any configuration file as
the start-up configuration by using the System/File Management/Set Start-Up page.
Figure 3-14 Setting the Startup Configuration Settings
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Basic Configuration
3
CLI – Enter the IP address of the TFTP server, specify the source file on the server,
set the startup file name on the switch, and then restart the switch.
Console#copy tftp startup-config
TFTP server ip address: 192.168.1.19
Source configuration file name: config-1
Startup configuration file name [] : startup
\Write to FLASH Programming.
-Write to FLASH finish.
Success.
Console#reload
To select another configuration file as the start-up configuration, use the boot
system command and then restart the switch.
Console#config
Console(config)#boot system config: startup
Console(config)#exit
Console#reload
Console Port Settings
You can access the onboard configuration program by attaching a VT100
compatible device to the switch’s serial console port. Management access through
the console port is controlled by various parameters, including a password, timeouts,
and basic communication settings. These parameters can be configured via the web
or CLI interface.
Command Attributes
• Login Timeout – Sets the interval that the system waits for a user to log into the
CLI. If a login attempt is not detected within the timeout interval, the connection is
terminated for the session. (Range: 0 - 300 seconds; Default: 0)
• Exec Timeout – Sets the interval that the system waits until user input is detected.
If user input is not detected within the timeout interval, the current session is
terminated. (Range: 0 - 65535 seconds; Default: 0 seconds)
• Password Threshold – Sets the password intrusion threshold, which limits the
number of failed logon attempts. When the logon attempt threshold is reached, the
system interface becomes silent for a specified amount of time (set by the Silent
Time parameter) before allowing the next logon attempt. (Range: 0-120; Default: 3
attempts)
• Silent Time – Sets the amount of time the management console is inaccessible
after the number of unsuccessful logon attempts has been exceeded.
(Range: 0-65535; Default: 0)
• Data Bits – Sets the number of data bits per character that are interpreted and
generated by the console port. If parity is being generated, specify 7 data bits per
character. If no parity is required, specify 8 data bits per character. (Default: 8 bits)
• Parity – Defines the generation of a parity bit. Communication protocols provided
by some terminals can require a specific parity bit setting. Specify Even, Odd, or
None. (Default: None)
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Configuring the Switch
3
• Speed – Sets the terminal line’s baud rate for transmit (to terminal) and receive
(from terminal). Set the speed to match the baud rate of the device connected to
the serial port. (Range: 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, or 115200 baud, Auto;
Default: Auto)
• Stop Bits – Sets the number of the stop bits transmitted per byte.
(Range: 1-2; Default: 1 stop bit)
5
• Password – Specifies a password for the line connection. When a connection is
started on a line with password protection, the system prompts for the password.
If you enter the correct password, the system shows a prompt. (Default: No
password)
single global password as configured for the Password parameter, or by
passwords set up for specific user-name accounts. (Default: Local)
Web – Click System, Line, Console. Specify the console port connection parameters
as required, then click Apply.
Figure 3-15 Configuring the Console Port
5. CLI only.
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Basic Configuration
3
CLI – Enter Line Configuration mode for the console, then specify the connection
parameters as required. To display the current console port settings, use the show
line command from the Normal Exec level.
Console(config)#line console
Console(config-line)#login local
Console(config-line)#password 0 secret
Console(config-line)#timeout login response 0
Console(config-line)#exec-timeout 0
Console(config-line)#password-thresh 5
Console(config-line)#silent-time 60
Console(config-line)#databits 8
Console(config-line)#parity none
Console(config-line)#speed auto
Console(config-line)#stopbits 1
Console(config-line)#end
Console#show line console
Console configuration:
Password threshold: 5 times
Interactive timeout: Disabled
Login timeout:
Silent time:
Baudrate:
Disabled
60
auto
8
Databits:
Parity:
Stopbits:
none
1
Console#
Telnet Settings
You can access the onboard configuration program over the network using Telnet
(i.e., a virtual terminal). Management access via Telnet can be enabled/disabled and
other various parameters set, including the TCP port number, timeouts, and a
password. These parameters can be configured via the web or CLI interface.
Command Attributes
• Telnet Status – Enables or disables Telnet access to the switch.
(Default: Enabled)
• Telnet Port Number – Sets the TCP port number for Telnet on the switch.
(Default: 23)
• Login Timeout – Sets the interval that the system waits for a user to log into the
CLI. If a login attempt is not detected within the timeout interval, the connection is
terminated for the session. (Range: 0 - 300 seconds; Default: 300 seconds)
• Exec Timeout – Sets the interval that the system waits until user input is detected.
If user input is not detected within the timeout interval, the current session is
terminated. (Range: 0 - 65535 seconds; Default: 600 seconds)
• Password Threshold – Sets the password intrusion threshold, which limits the
number of failed logon attempts. When the logon attempt threshold is reached, the
system interface becomes silent for a specified amount of time (set by the Silent
Time parameter) before allowing the next logon attempt.
(Range: 0-120; Default: 3 attempts)
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Configuring the Switch
3
6
• Password – Specifies a password for the line connection. When a connection is
started on a line with password protection, the system prompts for the password.
If you enter the correct password, the system shows a prompt. (Default: No
password)
single global password as configured for the Password parameter, or by
passwords set up for specific user-name accounts. (Default: Local)
Web – Click System, Line, Telnet. Specify the connection parameters for Telnet
access, then click Apply.
Figure 3-16 Configuring the Telnet Interface
CLI – Enter Line Configuration mode for a virtual terminal, then specify the
connection parameters as required. To display the current virtual terminal settings,
use the show line command from the Normal Exec level.
Console(config)#line vty
Console(config-line)#login local
Console(config-line)#password 0 secret
Console(config-line)#timeout login response 300
Console(config-line)#exec-timeout 600
Console(config-line)#password-thresh 3
Console(config-line)#end
Console#show line vty
VTY configuration:
Password threshold: 3 times
Interactive timeout: 600 sec
Login timeout:
Console#
300 sec
6. CLI only.
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Basic Configuration
3
Configuring Event Logging
The switch allows you to control the logging of error messages, including the type of
events that are recorded in switch memory, logging to a remote System Log (syslog)
server, and displays a list of recent event messages.
System Log Configuration
The system allows you to enable or disable event logging, and specify which levels
are logged to RAM or flash memory.
Severe error messages that are logged to flash memory are permanently stored in
the switch to assist in troubleshooting network problems. Up to 4096 log entries can
be stored in the flash memory, with the oldest entries being overwritten first when the
available log memory (256 kilobytes) has been exceeded.
The System Logs page allows you to configure and limit system messages that are
logged to flash or RAM memory. The default is for event levels 0 to 3 to be logged to
flash and levels 0 to 7 to be logged to RAM.
Command Attributes
• System Log Status – Enables/disables the logging of debug or error messages to
the logging process. (Default: Enabled)
• Flash Level – Limits log messages saved to the switch’s permanent flash memory
for all levels up to the specified level. For example, if level 3 is specified, all
messages from level 0 to level 3 will be logged to flash. (Range: 0-7, Default: 3)
Table 3-3 Logging Levels
Level
Severity Name
Debug
Description
7
6
5
4
3
2
Debugging messages
Informational
Notice
Informational messages only
Normal but significant condition, such as cold start
Warning conditions (e.g., return false, unexpected return)
Error conditions (e.g., invalid input, default used)
Warning
Error
Critical
Critical conditions (e.g., memory allocation, or free memory
error - resource exhausted)
1
0
Alert
Immediate action needed
System unusable
Emergency
* There are only Level 2, 5 and 6 error messages for the current firmware release.
• RAM Level – Limits log messages saved to the switch’s temporary RAM memory
for all levels up to the specified level. For example, if level 7 is specified, all
messages from level 0 to level 7 will be logged to RAM. (Range: 0-7, Default: 7)
Note: The Flash Level must be equal to or less than the RAM Level.
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Configuring the Switch
3
Web – Click System, Logs, System Logs. Specify System Log Status, set the level of
event messages to be logged to RAM and flash memory, then click Apply.
Figure 3-17 System Logs
CLI – Enable system logging and then specify the level of messages to be logged to
RAM and flash memory. Use the show logging command to display the current
settings.
Console(config)#logging on
Console(config)#logging history ram 0
Console(config)#
Console#show logging ram
Syslog logging:
Disabled
History logging in RAM: level emergencies
Console#
Remote Log Configuration
The Remote Logs page allows you to configure the logging of messages that are
sent to syslog servers or other management stations. You can also limit the event
messages sent to only those messages at or above a specified level.
Command Attributes
• Remote Log Status – Enables/disables the logging of debug or error messages
to the remote logging process. (Default: Disabled)
• Logging Facility – Sets the facility type for remote logging of syslog messages.
There are eight facility types specified by values of 16 to 23. The facility type is
used by the syslog server to dispatch log messages to an appropriate service.
The attribute specifies the facility type tag sent in syslog messages. (See RFC
3164.) This type has no effect on the kind of messages reported by the switch.
However, it may be used by the syslog server to process messages, such as sorting
or storing messages in the corresponding database. (Range: 16-23, Default: 23)
• Logging Trap – Limits log messages that are sent to the remote syslog server for
all levels up to the specified level. For example, if level 3 is specified, all messages
from level 0 to level 3 will be sent to the remote server. (Range: 0-7, Default: 7)
• Host IP List – Displays the list of remote server IP addresses that will receive
syslog messages. The maximum number of host IP addresses allowed is five.
• Host IP Address – Specifies a new server IP address to add to the Host IP List.
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Basic Configuration
3
Web – Click System, Logs, Remote Logs. To add an IP address to the Host IP List,
type the new IP address in the Host IP Address box, and then click Add. To delete
an IP address, click the entry in the Host IP List, and then click Remove.
Figure 3-18 Remote Logs
CLI – Enter the syslog server host IP address, choose the facility type and set the
logging trap.
Console(config)#logging host 10.1.0.9
Console(config)#logging facility 23
Console(config)#logging trap 4
Console(config)#logging trap
Console(config)#exit
Console#show logging trap
Syslog logging:
Enabled
REMOTELOG status:
Disabled
REMOTELOG facility type:
REMOTELOG level type:
local use 7
Warning conditions
REMOTELOG server ip address: 10.1.0.9
REMOTELOG server ip address: 0.0.0.0
REMOTELOG server ip address: 0.0.0.0
REMOTELOG server ip address: 0.0.0.0
REMOTELOG server ip address: 0.0.0.0
Console#
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Configuring the Switch
3
Displaying Log Messages
Use the Logs page to scroll through the logged system and event messages. The
switch can store up to 2048 log entries in temporary random access memory (RAM;
i.e., memory flushed on power reset) and up to 4096 entries in permanent flash
memory.
Web – Click System, Log, Logs.
Figure 3-19 Displaying Logs
CLI – This example shows the event message stored in RAM.
Console#show log ram
[1] 00:01:30 2001-01-01
"VLAN 1 link-up notification."
level: 6, module: 5, function: 1, and event no.: 1
[0] 00:01:30 2001-01-01
"Unit 1, Port 1 link-up notification."
level: 6, module: 5, function: 1, and event no.: 1
Console#
Sending Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Alerts
To alert system administrators of problems, the switch can use SMTP (Simple Mail
Transfer Protocol) to send email messages when triggered by logging events of a
specified level. The messages are sent to specified SMTP servers on the network
and can be retrieved using POP or IMAP clients.
Command Attributes
• Admin Status – Enables/disables the SMTP function. (Default: Enabled)
• Email Source Address – Sets the email address used for the “From” field in alert
messages. You may use a symbolic email address that identifies the switch, or the
address of an administrator responsible for the switch.
to trigger alert messages. All events at this level or higher will be sent to the
configured email recipients. For example, using Level 7 will report all events from
level 7 to level 0. (Default: Level 7)
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Basic Configuration
3
• SMTP Server List – Specifies a list of up to three recipient SMTP servers. The
switch attempts to connect to the other listed servers if the first fails. Use the New
SMTP Server text field and the Add/Remove buttons to configure the list.
• Email Destination Address List – Specifies the email recipients of alert
messages. You can specify up to five recipients. Use the New Email Destination
Address text field and the Add/Remove buttons to configure the list.
Web – Click System, Log, SMTP. Enable SMTP, specify a source email address,
and select the minimum severity level. To add an IP address to the SMTP Server
List, type the new IP address in the SMTP Server field and click Add. To delete an IP
address, click the entry in the SMTP Server List and click Remove. Specify up to five
email addresses to receive the alert messages, and click Apply.
Figure 3-20 Enabling and Configuring SMTP Alerts
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Configuring the Switch
3
CLI – Enter the IP address of at least one SMTP server, set the syslog severity level
to trigger an email message, and specify the switch (source) and up to five recipient
(destination) email addresses. Enable SMTP with the logging sendmail command
to complete the configuration. Use the show logging sendmail command to display
the current SMTP configuration.
Console(config)#logging sendmail host 192.168.1.4
Console(config)#logging sendmail level 3
Console(config)#logging sendmail source-email
Console(config)#logging sendmail destination-email
Console(config)#logging sendmail
Console(config)#exit
Console#show logging sendmail
SMTP servers
-----------------------------------------------
1. 192.168.1.4
SMTP minimum severity level: 4
SMTP destination email addresses
-----------------------------------------------
SMTP source email address: [email protected]
SMTP status:
Console#
Enabled
Resetting the System
Web – Click System, Reset. Click the Reset button to restart the switch. When
prompted, confirm that you want reset the switch.
Figure 3-21 Resetting the System
CLI – Use the reload command to restart the switch.
Console#reload
System will be restarted, continue <y/n>?
Note: When restarting the system, it will always run the Power-On Self-Test.
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Basic Configuration
3
Setting the System Clock
Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) allows the switch to set its internal clock
based on periodic updates from a time server (SNTP or NTP). Maintaining an
accurate time on the switch enables the system log to record meaningful dates and
times for event entries. You can also manually set the clock using the CLI. (See
“calendar set” on page 4-56.) If the clock is not set, the switch will only record the
time from the factory default set at the last bootup.
When the SNTP client is enabled, the switch periodically sends a request for a time
update to a configured time server. You can configure up to three time server IP
addresses. The switch will attempt to poll each server in the configured sequence.
Configuring SNTP
You can configure the switch to send time synchronization requests to time servers.
Command Attributes
• SNTP Client – Configures the switch to operate as an SNTP client. This requires
at least one time server to be specified in the SNTP Server field. (Default: Disabled)
• SNTP Poll Interval – Sets the interval between sending requests for a time update
from a time server. (Range: 16-16384 seconds; Default: 16 seconds)
• SNTP Server – Sets the IP address for up to three time servers. The switch
attempts to update the time from the first server, if this fails it attempts an update
from the next server in the sequence.
Web – Select SNTP, Configuration. Modify any of the required parameters, and click
Apply.
Figure 3-22 SNTP Configuration
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Configuring the Switch
3
CLI – This example configures the switch to operate as an SNTP client and then
displays the current time and settings.
Console(config)#sntp client
Console(config)#sntp poll 16
Console(config)#sntp server 10.1.0.19 137.82.140.80 128.250.36.2
Console(config)#exit
Console#show sntp
Current time: Jan 6 14:56:05 2004
Poll interval: 60
Current mode: unicast
SNTP status : Enabled
SNTP server 10.1.0.19 137.82.140.80 128.250.36.2
Current server: 128.250.36.2
Console#
Setting the Time Zone
SNTP uses Coordinated Universal Time (or UTC, formerly Greenwich Mean Time,
or GMT) based on the time at the Earth’s prime meridian, zero degrees longitude. To
display a time corresponding to your local time, you must indicate the number of
hours and minutes your time zone is east (before) or west (after) of UTC.
Command Attributes
• Current Time – Displays the current time.
• Name – Assigns a name to the time zone. (Range: 1-29 characters)
• Hours (0-13) – The number of hours before/after UTC.
• Minutes (0-59) – The number of minutes before/after UTC.
• Direction – Configures the time zone to be before (east) or after (west) UTC.
Web – Select SNTP, Clock Time Zone. Set the offset for your time zone relative to
the UTC, and click Apply.
Figure 3-23 Clock Time Zone
CLI - This example shows how to set the time zone for the system clock.
Console(config)#clock timezone Dhaka hours 6 minute 0 after-UTC
Console#
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Simple Network Management Protocol
3
Simple Network Management Protocol
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a communication protocol
designed specifically for managing devices on a network. Equipment commonly
managed with SNMP includes switches, routers and host computers. SNMP is
typically used to configure these devices for proper operation in a network
environment, as well as to monitor them to evaluate performance or detect potential
problems.
Managed devices supporting SNMP contain software, which runs locally on the
device and is referred to as an agent. A defined set of variables, known as managed
objects, is maintained by the SNMP agent and used to manage the device. These
objects are defined in a Management Information Base (MIB) that provides a
standard presentation of the information controlled by the agent. SNMP defines both
the format of the MIB specifications and the protocol used to access this information
over the network.
The switch includes an onboard agent that supports SNMP versions 1, 2c, and 3.
This agent continuously monitors the status of the switch hardware, as well as the
traffic passing through its ports. A network management station can access this
information using software such as HP OpenView. Access to the onboard agent
from clients using SNMP v1 and v2c is controlled by community strings. To
communicate with the switch, the management station must first submit a valid
community string for authentication.
Access to the switch using from clients using SNMPv3 provides additional security
features that cover message integrity, authentication, and encryption; as well as
controlling user access to specific areas of the MIB tree.
The SNMPv3 security structure consists of security models, with each model having
it’s own security levels. There are three security models defined, SNMPv1,
SNMPv2c, and SNMPv3. Users are assigned to “groups” that are defined by a
security model and specified security levels. Each group also has a defined security
access to set of MIB objects for reading and writing, which are known as “views.”
The switch has a default view (all MIB objects) and default groups defined for
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Configuring the Switch
3
security models v1 and v2c. The following table shows the security models and
levels available and the system default settings.
Table 3-4 SNMPv3 Security Models and Levels
Model Level
Group
Read View Write View Notify View Security
v1
noAuthNoPriv public
defaultview none
none
Community string only
(read only)
noAuthNoPriv private
v1
defaultview defaultview none
Community string only
(read/write)
v1
noAuthNoPriv user defined user defined user defined user defined Community string only
v2c
noAuthNoPriv public
(read only)
defaultview none
none
Community string only
Community string only
v2c
noAuthNoPriv private
(read/write)
defaultview defaultview none
v2c
v3
noAuthNoPriv user defined user defined user defined user defined Community string only
noAuthNoPriv user defined user defined user defined user defined A user name match only
v3
AuthNoPriv
user defined user defined user defined user defined Provides user
authentication via MD5 or
SHA algorithms
v3
AuthPriv
user defined user defined user defined user defined Provides user
authentication via MD5 or
SHA algorithms and data
privacy using DES 56-bit
encryption
Note: The predefined default groups and view can be deleted from the system. You can
then define customized groups and views for the SNMP clients that require access.
Enabling the SNMP Agent
Enables SNMPv3 service for all management clients (i.e., versions 1, 2c, 3).
Command Attributes
SNMP Agent Status – Enables SNMP on the switch.
Web – Click SNMP, Agent Status. Enable the SNMP Agent by marking the Enabled
checkbox, and click Apply.
Figure 3-24 Enabling the SNMP Agent
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Simple Network Management Protocol
3
CLI – The following example enables SNMP on the switch.
Console(config)#snmp-server
Console(config)#
Setting Community Access Strings
You may configure up to five community strings authorized for management access
by clients using SNMP v1 and v2c. All community strings used for IP Trap Managers
should be listed in this table. For security reasons, you should consider removing the
default strings.
Command Attributes
• SNMP Community Capability – The switch supports up to five community strings.
• Current – Displays a list of the community strings currently configured.
• Community String – A community string that acts like a password and permits
access to the SNMP protocol.
Default strings: “public” (read-only access), “private” (read/write access)
Range: 1-32 characters, case sensitive
• Access Mode – Specifies the access rights for the community string:
- Read-Only – Authorized management stations are only able to retrieve MIB
objects.
- Read/Write – Authorized management stations are able to both retrieve and
modify MIB objects.
Web – Click SNMP, Configuration. Add new community strings as required, select
the access rights from the Access Mode drop-down list, then click Add.
Figure 3-25 Configuring SNMP Community Strings
CLI – The following example adds the string “spiderman” with read/write access.
Console(config)#snmp-server community spiderman rw
Console(config)#
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Configuring the Switch
3
Specifying Trap Managers and Trap Types
Traps indicating status changes are issued by the switch to specified trap managers.
You must specify trap managers so that key events are reported by this switch to
your management station (using network management platforms such as HP
OpenView). You can specify up to five management stations that will receive
authentication failure messages and other trap messages from the switch.
Command Usage
• If you specify an SNMP Version 3 host, then the “Trap Manager Community String”
is interpreted as an SNMP user name. If you use V3 authentication or encryption
options (authNoPriv or authPriv), the user name must first be defined in the
privacy password will not exist, and the switch will not authorize SNMP access for
the host. However, if you specify a V3 host with the no authentication (noAuth)
option, an SNMP user account will be automatically generated, and the switch will
authorize SNMP access for the host.
• Notifications are issued by the switch as trap messages by default. The recipient
of a trap message does not send a response to the switch. Traps are therefore not
as reliable as inform messages, which include a request for acknowledgement of
receipt. Informs can be used to ensure that critical information is received by the
host. However, note that informs consume more system resources because they
must be kept in memory until a response is received. Informs also add to network
traffic. You should consider these effects when deciding whether to issue
notifications as traps or informs.
To send an inform to a SNMPv2c host, complete these steps:
2. Enable trap informs as described in the following pages.
To send an inform to a SNMPv3 host, complete these steps:
2. Enable trap informs as described in the following pages.
Command Attributes
• Trap Manager Capability – This switch supports up to five trap managers.
• Current – Displays a list of the trap managers currently configured.
• Trap Manager IP Address – IP address of a new management station to receive
notification messages.
• Trap Manager Community String – Specifies a valid community string for the
new trap manager entry. Though you can set this string in the Trap Managers table,
we recommend that you define this string in the SNMP Configuration page (for
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Simple Network Management Protocol
3
Version 1 or 2c clients), or define a corresponding “User Name” in the SNMPv3
Users page (for Version 3 clients). (Range: 1-32 characters, case sensitive)
• Trap UDP Port – Specifies the UDP port number used by the trap manager.
• Trap Version – Indicates if the user is running SNMP v1, v2c, or v3. (Default: v1)
• Trap Security Level – When trap version 3 is selected, you must specify one of
the following security levels. (Default: noAuthNoPriv)
- noAuthNoPriv – There is no authentication or encryption used in SNMP
communications.
- AuthNoPriv – SNMP communications use authentication, but the data is not
encrypted (only available for the SNMPv3 security model).
- AuthPriv – SNMP communications use both authentication and encryption (only
available for the SNMPv3 security model).
• Trap Inform – Notifications are sent as inform messages. Note that this option is
only available for version 2c and 3 hosts. (Default: traps are used)
- Timeout – The number of seconds to wait for an acknowledgment before
resending an inform message. (Range: 0-2147483647 centiseconds;
Default: 1500 centiseconds)
- Retry times – The maximum number of times to resend an inform message if
the recipient does not acknowledge receipt. (Range: 0-255; Default: 3)
7
• Enable Authentication Traps – Issues a notification message to specified IP
trap managers whenever authentication of an SNMP request fails.
(Default: Enabled)
whenever a port link is established or broken. (Default: Enabled)
7. These are legacy notifications and therefore when used for SNMP Version 3 hosts, they must
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Configuring the Switch
3
Web – Click SNMP, Configuration. Enter the IP address and community string for
each management station that will receive trap messages, specify the UDP port,
SNMP trap version, trap security level (for v3 clients), trap inform settings (for v2c/v3
clients), and then click Add. Select the trap types required using the check boxes for
Authentication and Link-up/down traps, and then click Apply.
Figure 3-26 Configuring SNMP Trap Managers
CLI – This example adds a trap manager and enables authentication traps.
Console(config)#snmp-server host 10.1.19.23 private version 2c
udp-port 162
Console(config)#snmp-server enable traps authentication
Configuring SNMPv3 Management Access
To configure SNMPv3 management access to the switch, follow these steps:
1. If you want to change the default engine ID, do so before configuring other
SNMP parameters.
2. Specify read and write access views for the switch MIB tree.
3. Configure SNMP user groups with the required security model (i.e., SNMP v1,
v2c or v3) and security level (i.e., authentication and privacy).
4. Assign SNMP users to groups, along with their specific authentication and
privacy passwords.
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Simple Network Management Protocol
3
Setting a Local Engine ID
An SNMPv3 engine is an independent SNMP agent that resides on the switch. This
engine protects against message replay, delay, and redirection. The engine ID is
also used in combination with user passwords to generate the security keys for
authenticating and encrypting SNMPv3 packets.
A local engine ID is automatically generated that is unique to the switch. This is
referred to as the default engine ID. If the local engineID is deleted or changed, all
SNMP users will be cleared. You will need to reconfigure all existing users.
A new engine ID can be specified by entering 1 to 26 hexadecimal characters. If less
than 26 characters are specified, trailing zeroes are added to the value. For
example, the value “1234” is equivalent to “1234” followed by 22 zeroes.
Web – Click SNMP, SNMPv3, Engine ID. Enter an ID of up to 26 hexadecimal
characters and then click Save.
Figure 3-27 Setting the SNMPv3 Engine ID
CLI – This example sets an SNMPv3 engine ID.
Console(config)#snmp-server engine-id local 12345abcdef
Console(config)#exit
Console#show snmp engine-id
Local SNMP engineID: 8000002a8000000000e8666672
Local SNMP engineBoots: 1
Console#
Specifying a Remote Engine ID
To send inform messages to an SNMPv3 user on a remote device, you must first
specify the engine identifier for the SNMP agent on the remote device where the
user resides. The remote engine ID is used to compute the security digest for
authenticating and encrypting packets sent to a user on the remote host.
SNMP passwords are localized using the engine ID of the authoritative agent. For
informs, the authoritative SNMP agent is the remote agent. You therefore need to
configure the remote agent’s SNMP engine ID before you can send proxy requests
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Configuring the Switch
3
The engine ID can be specified by entering 1 to 26 hexadecimal characters. If less
than 26 characters are specified, trailing zeroes are added to the value. For
example, the value “1234” is equivalent to “1234” followed by 22 zeroes.
Web – Click SNMP, SNMPv3, Remote Engine ID. Enter an ID of up to 26
hexadecimal characters and then click Save.
Figure 3-28 Setting an Engine ID
CLI – This example specifies a remote SNMPv3 engine ID.
Console(config)#snmp-server engineID remote 54321 192.168.1.19
Console(config)#exit
Console#show snmp engine-id
Local SNMP engineID: 8000002a8000000000e8666672
Local SNMP engineBoots: 1
Remote SNMP engineID
80000000030004e2b316c54321
Console#
IP address
192.168.1.19
Configuring SNMPv3 Users
Each SNMPv3 user is defined by a unique name. Users must be configured with a
specific security level and assigned to a group. The SNMPv3 group restricts users to
a specific read, write, or notify view.
Command Attributes
• User Name – The name of user connecting to the SNMP agent. (Range: 1-32
characters)
• Group Name – The name of the SNMP group to which the user is assigned.
(Range: 1-32 characters)
• Security Model – The user security model; SNMP v1, v2c or v3.
• Security Level – The security level used for the user:
- noAuthNoPriv – There is no authentication or encryption used in SNMP
communications. (This is the default for SNMPv3.)
- AuthNoPriv – SNMP communications use authentication, but the data is not
encrypted (only available for the SNMPv3 security model).
- AuthPriv – SNMP communications use both authentication and encryption (only
available for the SNMPv3 security model).
• Authentication Protocol – The method used for user authentication. (Options:
MD5, SHA; Default: MD5)
• Authentication Password – A minimum of eight plain text characters is required.
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Simple Network Management Protocol
3
• Privacy Protocol – The encryption algorithm use for data privacy; only 56-bit DES
is currently available.
• Privacy Password – A minimum of eight plain text characters is required.
• Actions – Enables the user to be assigned to another SNMPv3 group.
Web – Click SNMP, SNMPv3, Users. Click New to configure a user name. In the
New User page, define a name and assign it to a group, then click Add to save the
configuration and return to the User Name list. To delete a user, check the box next
to the user name, then click Delete. To change the assigned group of a user, click
Change Group in the Actions column of the users table and select the new group.
Figure 3-29 Configuring SNMPv3 Users
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Configuring the Switch
3
CLI – Use the snmp-server user command to configure a new user name and
assign it to a group.
Console(config)#snmp-server user chris group r&d v3 auth md5
greenpeace priv des56 einstien
Console(config)#exit
Console#show snmp user
EngineId: 80000034030001f488f5200000
User Name: chris
Authentication Protocol: md5
Privacy Protocol: des56
Storage Type: nonvolatile
Row Status: active
Console#
Configuring Remote SNMPv3 Users
Each SNMPv3 user is defined by a unique name. Users must be configured with a
specific security level and assigned to a group. The SNMPv3 group restricts users to
a specific read and a write view.
To send inform messages to an SNMPv3 user on a remote device, you must first
specify the engine identifier for the SNMP agent on the remote device where the
user resides. The remote engine ID is used to compute the security digest for
authenticating and encrypting packets sent to a user on the remote host. (See
Command Attributes
• User Name – The name of user connecting to the SNMP agent. (Range: 1-32
characters)
• Group Name – The name of the SNMP group to which the user is assigned.
(Range: 1-32 characters)
• Engine ID – The engine identifier for the SNMP agent on the remote device where
the remote user resides. Note that the remote engine identifier must be specified
before you configure a remote user. (See “Specifying a Remote Engine ID” on
• Remote IP – The Internet address of the remote device where the user resides.
• Security Model – The user security model; SNMP v1, v2c or v3. (Default: v1)
• Security Level – The security level used for the user:
- noAuthNoPriv – There is no authentication or encryption used in SNMP
communications. (This is the default for SNMPv3.)
- AuthNoPriv – SNMP communications use authentication, but the data is not
encrypted (only available for the SNMPv3 security model).
- AuthPriv – SNMP communications use both authentication and encryption (only
available for the SNMPv3 security model).
• Authentication Protocol – The method used for user authentication. (Options:
MD5, SHA; Default: MD5)
• Authentication Password – A minimum of eight plain text characters is required.
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Simple Network Management Protocol
3
• Privacy Protocol – The encryption algorithm use for data privacy; only 56-bit DES
is currently available.
• Privacy Password – A minimum of eight plain text characters is required.
Web – Click SNMP, SNMPv3, Remote Users. Click New to configure a user name.
In the New User page, define a name and assign it to a group, then click Add to save
the configuration and return to the User Name list. To delete a user, check the box
next to the user name, then click Delete.
Figure 3-30 Configuring Remote SNMPv3 Users
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Configuring the Switch
3
CLI – Use the snmp-server user command to configure a new user name and
assign it to a group.
Console(config)#snmp-server user mark group r&d remote 192.168.1.19 v3
auth md5 greenpeace priv des56 einstien
Console(config)#exit
Console#show snmp user
No user exist.
SNMP remote user
EngineId: 80000000030004e2b316c54321
User Name: mark
Authentication Protocol: none
Privacy Protocol: none
Storage Type: nonvolatile
Row Status: active
Console#
Configuring SNMPv3 Groups
An SNMPv3 group sets the access policy for its assigned users, restricting them to
specific read, write, and notify views. You can use the pre-defined default groups or
create new groups to map a set of SNMP users to SNMP views.
Command Attributes
• Group Name – The name of the SNMP group. (Range: 1-32 characters)
• Model – The group security model; SNMP v1, v2c or v3.
• Level – The security level used for the group:
- noAuthNoPriv – There is no authentication or encryption used in SNMP
communications.
- AuthNoPriv – SNMP communications use authentication, but the data is not
encrypted (only available for the SNMPv3 security model).
- AuthPriv – SNMP communications use both authentication and encryption (only
available for the SNMPv3 security model).
• Read View – The configured view for read access. (Range: 1-64 characters)
• Write View – The configured view for write access. (Range: 1-64 characters)
• Notify View – The configured view for notifications. (Range: 1-64 characters)
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Simple Network Management Protocol
3
Table 3-5 Supported Notification Messages
Object Label
RFC 1493 Traps
newRoot
Object ID
Description
1.3.6.1.2.1.17.0.1
The newRoot trap indicates that the sending
agent has become the new root of the Spanning
Tree; the trap is sent by a bridge soon after its
election as the new root, e.g., upon expiration of
the Topology Change Timer immediately
subsequent to its election.
topologyChange
1.3.6.1.2.1.17.0.2
A topologyChange trap is sent by a bridge when
any of its configured ports transitions from the
Learning state to the Forwarding state, or from
the Forwarding state to the Discarding state. The
trap is not sent if a newRoot trap is sent for the
same transition.
SNMPv2 Traps
coldStart
1.3.6.1.6.3.1.1.5.1
1.3.6.1.6.3.1.1.5.2
1.3.6.1.6.3.1.1.5.3
A coldStart trap signifies that the SNMPv2 entity,
acting in an agent role, is reinitializing itself and
that its configuration may have been altered.
warmStart
A warmStart trap signifies that the SNMPv2
entity, acting in an agent role, is reinitializing
itself such that its configuration is unaltered.
*
A linkDown trap signifies that the SNMP entity,
acting in an agent role, has detected that the
ifOperStatus object for one of its communication
links is about to enter the down state from some
other state (but not from the notPresent state).
This other state is indicated by the included
value of ifOperStatus.
linkDown
1.3.6.1.6.3.1.1.5.4
1.3.6.1.6.3.1.1.5.5
A linkUp trap signifies that the SNMP entity,
acting in an agent role, has detected that the
ifOperStatus object for one of its communication
links left the down state and transitioned into
some other state (but not into the notPresent
state). This other state is indicated by the
included value of ifOperStatus.
linkUp
An authenticationFailure trap signifies that the
SNMPv2 entity, acting in an agent role, has
received a protocol message that is not properly
authenticated. While all implementations of the
SNMPv2 must be capable of generating this
trap, the snmpEnableAuthenTraps object
indicates whether this trap will be generated.
authenticationFailure
RMON Events (V2)
risingAlarm
1.3.6.1.2.1.16.0.1
1.3.6.1.2.1.16.0.2
The SNMP trap that is generated when an alarm
entry crosses its rising threshold and generates
an event that is configured for sending SNMP
traps.
fallingAlarm
The SNMP trap that is generated when an alarm
entry crosses its falling threshold and generates
an event that is configured for sending SNMP
traps.
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Configuring the Switch
3
Table 3-5 Supported Notification Messages (Continued)
Object ID Description
Object Label
Private Traps
swPowerStatus
ChangeTrap
1.3.6.1.4.1.259.6.10.75.2.1.0.1 This trap is sent when the power state changes.
1.3.6.1.4.1.259.6.10.75.2.1.0.17 This trap is sent when the fan fails.
swFanFailureTrap
swFanRecoverTrap
1.3.6.1.4.1.259.6.10.75.2.1.0.18 This trap is sent when the fan failure has
recovered.
swIpFilterRejectTrap
1.3.6.1.4.1.259.6.10.75.2.1.0.40 This trap is sent when an incorrect IP address is
rejected by the IP Filter.
swSmtpConnFailure
Trap
1.3.6.1.4.1.259.6.10.75.2.1.0.41 This trap is triggered if the SMTP system cannot
open a connection to the mail server
successfully.
swMainBoardVer
MismatchNotificaiton
1.3.6.1.4.1.259.6.10.75.2.1.0.56 This trap is sent when the slave board version is
mismatched with the master board version. This
trap binds two objects, the first object indicates
the master version, whereas the second
represents the slave version.
swModuleVer
MismatchNotificaiton
1.3.6.1.4.1.259.6.10.75.2.1.0.57 This trap is sent when the slide-in module
version is mismatched with the main board
version.
swThermalRising
Notification
1.3.6.1.4.1.259.6.10.75.2.1.0.58 This trap is sent when the temperature exceeds
the switchThermalActionRisingThreshold.
swThermalFalling
Notification
1.3.6.1.4.1.259.6.10.75.2.1.0.59 This trap is sent when the temperature falls below
the switchThermalActionFallingThreshold.
swModuleInsertion
Notificaiton
1.3.6.1.4.1.259.6.10.75.2.1.0.60 This trap is sent when a module is inserted.
swModuleRemoval
Notificaiton
1.3.6.1.4.1.259.6.10.75.2.1.0.61 This trap is sent when a module is removed.
* These are legacy notifications and therefore must be enabled in conjunction with the corresponding traps on the
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Simple Network Management Protocol
3
Web – Click SNMP, SNMPv3, Groups. Click New to configure a new group. In the
New Group page, define a name, assign a security model and level, and then select
read, write, and notify views. Click Add to save the new group and return to the
Groups list. To delete a group, check the box next to the group name, then click
Delete.
Figure 3-31 Configuring SNMPv3 Groups
CLI – Use the snmp-server group command to configure a new group, specifying
the security model and level, and restricting MIB access to defined read and write
views.
Console(config)#snmp-server group secure-users v3 priv read defaultview
write defaultview notify defaultview
Console(config)#exit
Console#show snmp group
.
.
.
Group Name: secure-users
Security Model: v3
Read View: defaultview
Write View: defaultview
Notify View: defaultview
Storage Type: nonvolatile
Row Status: active
Console#
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Configuring the Switch
3
Setting SNMPv3 Views
SNMPv3 views are used to restrict user access to specified portions of the MIB tree.
The predefined view “defaultview” includes access to the entire MIB tree.
Command Attributes
• View Name – The name of the SNMP view. (Range: 1-64 characters)
• View OID Subtrees – Shows the currently configured object identifiers of branches
within the MIB tree that define the SNMP view.
• Edit OID Subtrees – Allows you to configure the object identifiers of branches
within the MIB tree. Wild cards can be used to mask a specific portion of the OID
string.
• Type – Indicates if the object identifier of a branch within the MIB tree is included
or excluded from the SNMP view.
Web – Click SNMP, SNMPv3, Views. Click New to configure a new view. In the New
View page, define a name and specify OID subtrees in the switch MIB to be included
or excluded in the view. Click Back to save the new view and return to the SNMPv3
Views list. For a specific view, click on View OID Subtrees to display the current
configuration, or click on Edit OID Subtrees to make changes to the view settings. To
delete a view, check the box next to the view name, then click Delete.
Figure 3-32 Configuring SNMPv3 Views
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User Authentication
3
CLI – Use the snmp-server view command to configure a new view. This example
view includes the MIB-2 interfaces table, and the wildcard mask selects all index
entries.
Console(config)#snmp-server view ifEntry.a 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.1.*
included
Console(config)#exit
Console#show snmp view
View Name: ifEntry.a
Subtree OID: 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.1.*
View Type: included
Storage Type: nonvolatile
Row Status: active
View Name: readaccess
Subtree OID: 1.3.6.1.2
View Type: included
Storage Type: nonvolatile
Row Status: active
View Name: defaultview
Subtree OID: 1
View Type: included
Storage Type: nonvolatile
Row Status: active
Console#
User Authentication
You can restrict management access to this switch and provide secure network
access using the following options:
• User Accounts – Manually configure management access rights for users.
• Authentication Settings – Use remote authentication to configure access rights.
• HTTPS Settings – Provide a secure web connection.
• SSH Settings – Provide a secure shell (for secure Telnet access).
• Port Security – Configure secure addresses for individual ports.
• 802.1X – Use IEEE 802.1X port authentication to control access to specific ports.
• IP Filter – Filters management access to the web, SNMP or Telnet interface.
Configuring User Accounts
The guest only has read access for most configuration parameters. However, the
administrator has write access for all parameters governing the onboard agent. You
should therefore assign a new administrator password as soon as possible, and
store it in a safe place.
The default guest name is “guest” with the password “guest.” The default
administrator name is “admin” with the password “admin.”
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Configuring the Switch
3
Command Attributes
• Account List – Displays the current list of user accounts and associated access
levels. (Defaults: admin, and guest)
• New Account – Displays configuration settings for a new account.
- User Name – The name of the user.
(Maximum length: 8 characters; maximum number of users: 16)
- Access Level – Specifies the user level.
(Options: Normal and Privileged)
- Password – Specifies the user password.
(Range: 0-8 characters plain text, case sensitive)
• Change Password – Sets a new password for the specified user.
Web – Click Security, User Accounts. To configure a new user account, enter the
user name, access level, and password, then click Add. To change the password for
a specific user, enter the user name and new password, confirm the password by
entering it again, then click Apply.
Figure 3-33 User Accounts
CLI – Assign a user name to access-level 15 (i.e., administrator), then specify the
password.
Console(config)#username bob access-level 15
Console(config)#username bob password 0 smith
Console(config)#
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User Authentication
3
Configuring Local/Remote Logon Authentication
Use the Authentication Settings menu to restrict management access based on
specified user names and passwords. You can manually configure access rights on
the switch, or you can use a remote access authentication server based on RADIUS
or TACACS+ protocols.
Remote Authentication Dial-in
User Service (RADIUS) and
Terminal Access Controller
Access Control System Plus
Web
Telnet
console
(TACACS+) are logon
authentication protocols that use
software running on a central
server to control access to
RADIUS-aware or TACACS-
aware devices on the network.
An authentication server contains
1. Client attempts management access.
2. Switch contacts authentication server.
3. Authentication server challenges client.
4. Client responds with proper password or key.
5. Authentication server approves access.
6. Switch grants management access.
RADIUS/
TACACS+
server
a database of multiple user name/password pairs with associated privilege levels for
each user that requires management access to the switch.
RADIUS uses UDP while TACACS+ uses TCP. UDP only offers best effort delivery,
while TCP offers a connection-oriented transport. Also, note that RADIUS encrypts
only the password in the access-request packet from the client to the server, while
TACACS+ encrypts the entire body of the packet.
Command Usage
• By default, management access is always checked against the authentication
database stored on the local switch. If a remote authentication server is used, you
must specify the authentication sequence and the corresponding parameters for
the remote authentication protocol. Local and remote logon authentication control
management access via the console port, web browser, or Telnet.
• RADIUS and TACACS+ logon authentication assign a specific privilege level for
each user name/password pair. The user name, password, and privilege level
must be configured on the authentication server.
• You can specify up to three authentication methods for any user to indicate the
authentication sequence. For example, if you select (1) RADIUS, (2) TACACS and
(3) Local, the user name and password on the RADIUS server is verified first. If the
RADIUS server is not available, then authentication is attempted using the
TACACS+ server, and finally the local user name and password is checked.
Command Attributes
• Authentication – Select the authentication, or authentication sequence required:
- Local – User authentication is performed only locally by the switch.
- Radius – User authentication is performed using a RADIUS server only.
- TACACS – User authentication is performed using a TACACS+ server only.
- [authentication sequence] – User authentication is performed by up to three
authentication methods in the indicated sequence.
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Configuring the Switch
3
• RADIUS Settings
- Global – Provides globally applicable RADIUS settings.
- ServerIndex – Specifies one of five RADIUS servers that may be configured.
The switch attempts authentication using the listed sequence of servers. The
process ends when a server either approves or denies access to a user.
- Server IP Address – Address of authentication server. (Default: 10.1.0.1)
- Server Port Number – Network (UDP) port of authentication server used for
authentication messages. (Range: 1-65535; Default: 1812)
- Secret Text String – Encryption key used to authenticate logon access for
client. Do not use blank spaces in the string. (Maximum length: 20 characters)
- Number of Server Transmits – Number of times the switch tries to authenticate
logon access via the authentication server. (Range: 1-30; Default: 2)
- Timeout for a reply – The number of seconds the switch waits for a reply from
the RADIUS server before it resends the request. (Range: 1-65535; Default: 5)
• TACACS Settings
- Server IP Address – Address of the TACACS+ server. (Default: 10.11.12.13)
- Server Port Number – Network (TCP) port of TACACS+ server used for
authentication messages. (Range: 1-65535; Default: 49)
- Secret Text String – Encryption key used to authenticate logon access for
client. Do not use blank spaces in the string. (Maximum length: 20 characters)
Note: The local switch user database has to be set up by manually entering user names
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User Authentication
3
Web – Click Security, Authentication Settings. To configure local or remote
authentication preferences, specify the authentication sequence (i.e., one to three
methods), fill in the parameters for RADIUS or TACACS+ authentication if selected,
and click Apply.
Figure 3-34 Authentication Server Settings
CLI – Specify all the required parameters to enable logon authentication.
Console(config)#authentication login radius
Console(config)#radius-server port 181
Console(config)#radius-server key green
Console(config)#radius-server retransmit 5
Console(config)#radius-server timeout 10
Console(config)#radius-server 1 host 192.168.1.25
Console(config)#exit
Console#show radius-server
Remote RADIUS server configuration:
Global settings:
Communication key with RADIUS server: *****
Server port number:
Retransmit times:
Request timeout:
181
5
10
Server 1:
Server IP address: 192.168.1.25
Communication key with RADIUS server: *****
Server port number: 181
Retransmit times: 5
Request timeout: 10
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Configuring the Switch
3
Console#config
Console(config)#authentication login tacacs
Console(config)#tacacs-server host 10.20.30.40
Console(config)#tacacs-server port 200
Console(config)#tacacs-server key green
Console(config)#exit
Console#show tacacs-server
Server IP address:
10.20.30.40
Communication key with tacacs server: *****
Server port number:
Console(config)#
200
Configuring HTTPS
You can configure the switch to enable the Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol
(HTTPS) over the Secure Socket Layer (SSL), providing secure access (i.e., an
encrypted connection) to the switch’s web interface.
Command Usage
• Both the HTTP and HTTPS service can be enabled independently on the switch.
However, you cannot configure both services to use the same UDP port.
• If you enable HTTPS, you must indicate this in the URL that you specify in your
browser: https://device[:port_number]
• When you start HTTPS, the connection is established in this way:
- The client authenticates the server using the server’s digital certificate.
- The client and server negotiate a set of security protocols to use for the
connection.
- The client and server generate session keys for encrypting and decrypting data.
• The client and server establish a secure encrypted connection.
A padlock icon should appear in the status bar for Internet Explorer 5.x or above
and Netscape Navigator 6.2 or above.
• The following web browsers and operating systems currently support HTTPS:
Table 3-6 HTTPS System Support
Web Browser
Operating System
Internet Explorer 5.0 or later
Windows 98,Windows NT (with service pack 6a),
Windows 2000, Windows XP
Netscape Navigator 6.2 or later
Windows 98,Windows NT (with service pack 6a),
Windows 2000, Windows XP, Solaris 2.6
Command Attributes
• HTTPS Status – Allows you to enable/disable the HTTPS server feature on the
switch.
(Default: Enabled)
•
Change HTTPS Port Number – Specifies the UDP port number used for HTTPS/
SSL connection to the switch’s web interface. (Default: Port 443)
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User Authentication
3
Web – Click Security, HTTPS Settings. Enable HTTPS and specify the port number,
then click Apply.
Figure 3-35 HTTPS Settings
CLI – This example enables the HTTP secure server and modifies the port number.
Console(config)#ip http secure-server
Console(config)#ip http secure-port 441
Console(config)#
Replacing the Default Secure-site Certificate
When you log onto the web interface using HTTPS (for secure access), a Secure
Sockets Layer (SSL) certificate appears for the switch. By default, the certificate that
Netscape and Internet Explorer display will be associated with a warning that the
site is not recognized as a secure site. This is because the certificate has not been
signed by an approved certification authority. If you want this warning to be replaced
by a message confirming that the connection to the switch is secure, you must
obtain a unique certificate and a private key and password from a recognized
certification authority.
Note: For maximum security, we recommend you obtain a unique Secure Sockets Layer
certificate at the earliest opportunity. This is because the default certificate for the
switch is not unique to the hardware you have purchased.
When you have obtained these, place them on your TFTP server, and use the
following command at the switch's command-line interface to replace the default
(unrecognized) certificate with an authorized one:
Console#copy tftp https-certificate
TFTP server ip address: <server ip-address>
Source certificate file name: <certificate file name>
Source private file name: <private key file name>
Private password: <password for private key>
Note: The switch must be reset for the new certificate to be activated. To reset the
switch, type “reload” at the command prompt: Console#reload
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Configuring the Switch
3
Configuring the Secure Shell
The Berkley-standard includes remote access tools originally designed for Unix
systems. Some of these tools have also been implemented for Microsoft Windows
and other environments. These tools, including commands such as rlogin (remote
login), rsh (remote shell), and rcp (remote copy), are not secure from hostile attacks.
The Secure Shell (SSH) includes server/client applications intended as a secure
replacement for the older Berkley remote access tools. SSH can also provide
remote management access to this switch as a secure replacement for Telnet.
When the client contacts the switch via the SSH protocol, the switch generates a
public-key that the client uses along with a local user name and password for access
authentication. SSH also encrypts all data transfers passing between the switch and
SSH-enabled management station clients, and ensures that data traveling over the
network arrives unaltered.
Note that you need to install an SSH client on the management station to access the
switch for management via the SSH protocol.
Note: The switch supports both SSH Version 1.5 and 2.0 clients.
Command Usage
The SSH server on this switch supports both password and public key
authentication. If password authentication is specified by the SSH client, then the
password can be authenticated either locally or via a RADIUS or TACACS+ remote
authentication server, as specified on the Authentication Settings page
configure authentication keys on both the client and the switch as described in the
following section. Note that regardless of whether you use public key or password
authentication, you still have to generate authentication keys on the switch (SSH
Host Key Settings) and enable the SSH server (Authentication Settings).
To use the SSH server, complete these steps:
1. Generate a Host Key Pair – On the SSH Host Key Settings page, create a host
public/private key pair.
2. Provide Host Public Key to Clients – Many SSH client programs automatically
import the host public key during the initial connection setup with the switch.
Otherwise, you need to manually create a known hosts file on the management
station and place the host public key in it. An entry for a public key in the known
hosts file would appear similar to the following example:
10.1.0.54 1024 35 15684995401867669259333946775054617325313674890836547254
15020245593199868544358361651999923329781766065830956 10825913212890233
76546801726272571413428762941301196195566782 59566410486957427888146206
519417467729848654686157177393901647793559423035774130980227370877945452
4083971752646358058176716709574804776117
3. Import Client’s Public Key to the Switch – Use the copy tftp public-key
client’s granted management access to the switch. (Note that these clients must
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User Authentication
3
be configured locally on the switch via the User Accounts page as described on
page 3-53.) The clients are subsequently authenticated using these keys. The
current firmware only accepts public key files based on standard UNIX format as
shown in the following example for an RSA Version 1 key:
1024 35 1341081685609893921040944920155425347631641921872958921143173880
055536161631051775940838686311092912322268285192543746031009371877211996
963178136627741416898513204911720483033925432410163799759237144901193800
609025394840848271781943722884025331159521348610229029789827213532671316
29432532818915045306393916643 [email protected]
4. Set the Optional Parameters – On the SSH Settings page, configure the optional
parameters, including the authentication timeout, the number of retries, and the
server key size.
5. Enable SSH Service – On the SSH Settings page, enable the SSH server on the
switch.
6. Challenge-Response Authentication – When an SSH client attempts to contact
the switch, the SSH server uses the host key pair to negotiate a session key and
encryption method. Only clients that have a private key corresponding to the
public keys stored on the switch can access it. The following exchanges take
place during this process:
a. The client sends its public key to the switch.
b. The switch compares the client's public key to those stored in memory.
c. If a match is found, the switch uses the public key to encrypt a random
sequence of bytes, and sends this string to the client.
d. The client uses its private key to decrypt the bytes, and sends the decrypted
bytes back to the switch.
e. The switch compares the decrypted bytes to the original bytes it sent. If the
two sets match, this means that the client's private key corresponds to an
authorized public key, and the client is authenticated.
Notes: 1. To use SSH with only password authentication, the host public key must still
be given to the client, either during initial connection or manually entered into
the known host file. However, you do not need to configure the client’s keys.
2. The SSH server supports up to four client sessions. The maximum number
of client sessions includes both current Telnet sessions and SSH sessions.
Generating the Host Key Pair
A host public/private key pair is used to provide secure communications between an
SSH client and the switch. After generating this key pair, you must provide the host
public key to SSH clients and import the client’s public key to the switch as
described in the preceding section (Command Usage).
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Configuring the Switch
3
Field Attributes
• Public-Key of Host-Key – The public key for the host.
- RSA (Version 1): The first field indicates the size of the host key (e.g., 1024), the
second field is the encoded public exponent (e.g., 65537), and the last string is
the encoded modulus.
- DSA (Version 2): The first field indicates that the encryption method used by
SSH is based on the Digital Signature Standard (DSS). The last string is the
encoded modulus.
• Host-Key Type – The key type used to generate the host key pair (i.e., public and
private keys). (Range: RSA (Version 1), DSA (Version 2), Both: Default: Both)
The SSH server uses RSA or DSA for key exchange when the client first
establishes a connection with the switch, and then negotiates with the client to
select either DES (56-bit) or 3DES (168-bit) for data encryption.
• Save Host-Key from Memory to Flash – Saves the host key from RAM (i.e.,
volatile memory to flash memory). Otherwise, the host key pair is stored to RAM
by default. Note that you must select this item prior to generating the host-key pair.
• Generate – This button is used to generate the host key pair. Note that you must
first generate the host key pair before you can enable the SSH server on the SSH
Server Settings page.
• Clear – This button clears the host key from both volatile memory (RAM) and
non-volatile memory (Flash).
Web – Click Security, SSH, Host-Key Settings. Select the host-key type from the
drop-down box, select the option to save the host key from memory to flash (if
required) prior to generating the key, and then click Generate.
Figure 3-36 SSH Host-Key Settings
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User Authentication
3
CLI – This example generates a host-key pair using both the RSA and DSA
algorithms, stores the keys to flash memory, and then displays the host’s public keys.
Console#ip ssh crypto host-key generate
Console#ip ssh save host-key
Console#show public-key host
Host:
RSA:
1024 65537 127250922544926402131336514546131189679055192360076028653006761
82409690947448320102524878965977592168322225584652387791546479807396314033
86925793105105765212243052807865885485789272602937866089236841423275912127
60325919683697053439336438445223335188287173896894511729290510813919642025
190932104328579045764891
DSA:
ssh-dssAAAAB3NzaC1kc3MAAACBAN6zwIqCqDb3869jYVXlME1sHL0EcE/Re6hlasfEthIwmj
hLY4O0jqJZpcEQUgCfYlum0Y2uoLka+Py9ieGWQ8f2gobUZKIICuKg6vjO9XTs7XKc05xfzkBi
KviDa+2OrIz6UK+6vFOgvUDFedlnixYTVo+h5v8r0ea2rpnO6DkZAAAAFQCNZn/x17dwpW8RrV
DQnSWw4Qk+6QAAAIEAptkGeB6B5hwagH4gUOCY6i1TmrmSiJgfwO9OqRPUMbCAkCC+uzxatOo7
drnIZypMx+Sx5RUdMGgKS+9ywsa1cWqHeFY5ilc3lDCNBueeLykZzVS+RS+azTKIk/zrJh8GLG
Nq375R55yRxFvmcGIn/Q7IphPqyJ3o9MK8LFDfmJEAAACAL8A6tESiswP2OFqX7VGoEbzVDSOI
RTMFy3iUXtvGyQAOVSy67Mfc3lMtgqPRUOYXDiwIBp5NXgilCg5z7VqbmRm28mWc5a//f8TUAg
PNWKV6W0hqmshQdotVzDR1e+XKNTZj0uTwWfjO5Kytdn4MdoTHgrbl/DMdAfjnte8MZZs=
Console#
Configuring the SSH Server
The SSH server includes basic settings for authentication.
Field Attributes
• SSH Server Status – Allows you to enable/disable the SSH server on the switch.
(Default: Disabled)
• Version – The Secure Shell version number. Version 2.0 is displayed, but the
switch supports management access via either SSH Version 1.5 or 2.0 clients.
• SSH Authentication Timeout – Specifies the time interval in seconds that the
SSH server waits for a response from a client during an authentication attempt.
(Range: 1 to 120 seconds; Default: 120 seconds)
• SSH Authentication Retries – Specifies the number of authentication attempts
that a client is allowed before authentication fails and the client has to restart the
authentication process. (Range: 1-5 times; Default: 3)
• SSH Server-Key Size – Specifies the SSH server key size. (Range: 512-896 bits;
Default: 768)
- The server key is a private key that is never shared outside the switch.
- The host key is shared with the SSH client, and is fixed at 1024 bits.
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Configuring the Switch
3
Web – Click Security, SSH, Settings. Enable SSH and adjust the authentication
parameters as required, then click Apply. Note that you must first generate the host
key pair on the SSH Host-Key Settings page before you can enable the SSH server.
Figure 3-37 SSH Server Settings
CLI – This example enables SSH, sets the authentication parameters, and displays
the current configuration. It shows that the administrator has made a connection via
SHH, and then disables this connection.
Console(config)#ip ssh server
Console(config)#ip ssh timeout 100
Console(config)#ip ssh authentication-retries 5
Console(config)#ip ssh server-key size 512
Console(config)#end
Console#show ip ssh
SSH Enabled - version 2.0
Negotiation timeout: 120 secs; Authentication retries: 3
Server key size: 768 bits
Console#show ssh
Information of secure shell
Session Username Version Encrypt method Negotiation state
------- -------- ------- -------------- -----------------
0
admin
2.0
cipher-3des
session-started
Console#disconnect 0
Console#
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User Authentication
3
Configuring Port Security
Port security is a feature that allows you to configure a switch port with one or more
device MAC addresses that are authorized to access the network through that port.
When port security is enabled on a port, the switch stops learning new MAC
addresses on the specified port when it has reached a configured maximum
number. Only incoming traffic with source addresses already stored in the dynamic
or static address table will be accepted as authorized to access the network through
that port. If a device with an unauthorized MAC address attempts to use the switch
port, the intrusion will be detected and the switch can automatically take action by
disabling the port and sending a trap message.
To use port security, specify a maximum number of addresses to allow on the port
and then let the switch dynamically learn the <source MAC address, VLAN> pair for
frames received on the port. Note that you can also manually add secure addresses
the maximum number of MAC addresses the selected port will stop learning. The
MAC addresses already in the address table will be retained and will not age out.
Any other device that attempts to use the port will be prevented from accessing the
switch.
Command Usage
• A secure port has the following restrictions:
- It cannot use port monitoring.
- It cannot be a multi-VLAN port.
- It cannot be used as a member of a static or dynamic trunk.
- It should not be connected to a network interconnection device.
• The default maximum number of MAC addresses allowed on a secure port is zero.
You must configure a maximum address count from 1 - 1024 for the port to allow
access.
• If a port is disabled (shut down) due to a security violation, it must be manually
Command Attributes
• Port – Port number.
• Action – Indicates the action to be taken when a port security violation is detected:
- None: No action should be taken. (This is the default.)
- Trap: Send an SNMP trap message.
- Shutdown: Disable the port.
- Trap and Shutdown: Send an SNMP trap message and disable the port.
• Security Status – Enables or disables port security on the port. (Default: Disabled)
• Max MAC Count – The maximum number of MAC addresses that can be learned
on a port. (Range: 0 - 1024, where 0 means disabled)
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Configuring the Switch
3
Web – Click Security, Port Security. Set the action to take when an invalid address is
detected on a port, mark the checkbox in the Status column to enable security for a
port, set the maximum number of MAC addresses allowed on a port, and click Apply.
Figure 3-38 Port Security
CLI – This example selects the target port, sets the port security action to send a
trap and disable the port, specifies a maximum address count, and then enables
port security for the port.
Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/5
Console(config-if)#port security action trap-and-shutdown
Console(config-if)#port security max-mac-count 20
Console(config-if)#port security
Console(config-if)#
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User Authentication
3
Configuring 802.1X Port Authentication
Network switches can provide open and easy access to network resources by
simply attaching a client PC. Although this automatic configuration and access is a
desirable feature, it also allows unauthorized personnel to easily intrude and
possibly gain access to sensitive network data.
The IEEE 802.1X (dot1x) standard defines a port-based access control procedure
that prevents unauthorized access to a network by requiring users to first submit
credentials for authentication. Access to all switch ports in a network can be
centrally controlled from a server, which means that authorized users can use the
same credentials for authentication from any point within the network.
This switch uses the
Extensible Authentication
Protocol over LANs (EAPOL)
to exchange authentication
802.1x
client
protocol messages with the
client, and a remote RADIUS
authentication server to verify
user identity and access
rights. When a client (i.e.,
Supplicant) connects to a
switch port, the switch (i.e.,
1. Client attempts to access a switch port.
2. Switch sends client an identity request.
3. Client sends back identity information.
RADIUS
4. Switch forwards this to authentication server.
5. Authentication server challenges client.
server
6. Client responds with proper credentials.
7. Authentication server approves access.
8. Switch grants client access to this port.
Authenticator) responds with an EAPOL identity request. The client provides its
identity (such as a user name) in an EAPOL response to the switch, which it
forwards to the RADIUS server. The RADIUS server verifies the client identity and
sends an access challenge back to the client. The EAP packet from the RADIUS
server contains not only the challenge, but the authentication method to be used.
The client can reject the authentication method and request another, depending on
the configuration of the client software and the RADIUS server. The authentication
method must be MD5. (TLS, TTLS and PEAP will be supported in future releases.)
The client responds to the appropriate method with its credentials, such as a
password or certificate. The RADIUS server verifies the client credentials and
responds with an accept or reject packet. If authentication is successful, the switch
allows the client to access the network. Otherwise, network access is denied and the
port remains blocked.
The operation of dot1x on the switch requires the following:
• The switch must have an IP address assigned.
• RADIUS authentication must be enabled on the switch and the IP address of the
RADIUS server specified.
• 802.1X must be enabled globally for the switch.
• Each switch port that will be used must be set to dot1x “Auto” mode.
• Each client that needs to be authenticated must have dot1x client software
installed and properly configured.
• The RADIUS server and 802.1X client support EAP. (The switch only supports
EAPOL in order to pass the EAP packets from the server to the client.)
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Configuring the Switch
3
• The RADIUS server and client also have to support the same EAP authentication
type – MD5. (Some clients have native support in Windows, otherwise the dot1x
client must support it.)
Displaying 802.1X Global Settings
The 802.1X protocol provides port authentication.
Command Attributes
802.1X System Authentication Control – The global setting for 802.1X.
Web – Click Security, 802.1X, Information.
Figure 3-39 802.1X Global Information
CLI – This example shows the default global setting for 802.1X.
Console#show dot1x
Global 802.1X Parameters
system-auth-control: enable
802.1X Port Summary
Port Name Status
Operation Mode
Single-Host
Single-Host
Mode
ForceAuthorized
ForceAuthorized
Authorized
n/a
n/a
1/1
disabled
disabled
1/2
.
.
.
802.1X Port Details
802.1X is disabled on port 1/1
.
.
.
802.1X is disabled on port 26
Console#
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User Authentication
3
Configuring 802.1X Global Settings
The 802.1X protocol provides port authentication. The 802.1X protocol must be
enabled globally for the switch system before port settings are active.
Command Attributes
802.1X System Authentication Control – Sets the global setting for 802.1X.
(Default: Disabled)
Web – Select Security, 802.1X, Configuration. Enable 802.1X globally for the switch,
and click Apply.
Figure 3-40 802.1X Global Configuration
CLI – This example enables 802.1X globally for the switch.
Console(config)#dot1x system-auth-control
Console(config)#
Configuring Port Settings for 802.1X
When 802.1X is enabled, you need to configure the parameters for the
authentication process that runs between the client and the switch (i.e.,
authenticator), as well as the client identity lookup process that runs between the
switch and authentication server. These parameters are described in this section.
Command Attributes
• Status – Indicates if authentication is enabled or disabled on the port.
(Default: Disabled)
• Operation Mode – Allows single or multiple hosts (clients) to connect to an
802.1X-authorized port. (Range: Single-Host, Multi-Host; Default: Single-Host)
• Max Count – The maximum number of hosts that can connect to a port when the
Multi-Host operation mode is selected. (Range: 1-1024; Default: 5)
• Mode – Sets the authentication mode to one of the following options:
- Auto – Requires a dot1x-aware client to be authorized by the authentication
server. Clients that are not dot1x-aware will be denied access.
- Force-Authorized – Forces the port to grant access to all clients, either
dot1x-aware or otherwise. (This is the default setting.)
- Force-Unauthorized – Forces the port to deny access to all clients, either
dot1x-aware or otherwise.
• Re-authentication – Sets the client to be re-authenticated after the interval
specified by the Re-authentication Period. Re-authentication can be used to detect
if a new device is plugged into a switch port. (Default: Disabled)
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Configuring the Switch
3
• Max Request – Sets the maximum number of times the switch port will retransmit
an EAP request packet to the client before it times out the authentication session.
(Range: 1-10; Default 2)
• Quiet Period – Sets the time that a switch port waits after the Max Request count
has been exceeded before attempting to acquire a new client. (Range: 1-65535
seconds; Default: 60 seconds)
• Re-authentication Period – Sets the time period after which a connected client
must be re-authenticated. (Range: 1-65535 seconds; Default: 3600 seconds)
• TX Period – Sets the time period during an authentication session that the switch
waits before re-transmitting an EAP packet. (Range: 1-65535; Default: 30 seconds)
• Authorized –
- Yes – Connected client is authorized.
- No – Connected client is not authorized.
- Blank – Displays nothing when dot1x is disabled on a port.
• Supplicant – Indicates the MAC address of a connected client.
• Trunk – Indicates if the port is configured as a trunk port.
Web – Click Security, 802.1X, Port Configuration. Modify the parameters required,
and click Apply.
Figure 3-41 802.1X Port Configuration
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User Authentication
3
CLI – This example sets the 802.1X parameters on port 2. For a description of the
Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/2
Console(config-if)#dot1x port-control auto
Console(config-if)#dot1x re-authentication
Console(config-if)#dot1x max-req 5
Console(config-if)#dot1x timeout quiet-period 40
Console(config-if)#dot1x timeout re-authperiod 5
Console(config-if)#dot1x timeout tx-period 40
Console(config-if)#end
Console#show dot1x
Global 802.1X Parameters
system-auth-control: enable
802.1X Port Summary
Port Name Status
Operation Mode
Single-Host
Single-Host
Mode
ForceAuthorized
Auto
Authorized
yes
yes
1/1
disabled
1/2
.
enabled
.
.
1/25
1/26
disabled
disabled
Single-Host
Single-Host
ForceAuthorized
ForceAuthorized
n/a
n/a
802.1X Port Details
802.1X is disabled on port 1/1
802.1X is enabled on port 1/2
reauth-enabled:
reauth-period:
quiet-period:
tx-period:
Disable
3600
60
30
supplicant-timeout:
server-timeout:
reauth-max:
30
10
2
max-req:
2
Status
Authorized
Operation mode
Max count
Single-Host
5
Port-control
Supplicant
Current Identifier
Auto
00-e0-29-94-34-65
7
Authenticator State Machine
State
Authenticated
Reauth Count
0
Backend State Machine
State
Idle
Request Count
Identifier(Server)
0
6
Reauthentication State Machine
State
Initialize
.
.
.
.
802.1X is disabled on port 1/26
Console#
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Configuring the Switch
3
Displaying 802.1X Statistics
This switch can display statistics for dot1x protocol exchanges for any port.
Table 3-7 802.1X Statistics
Parameter
Description
Rx EAPOL Start
Rx EAPOL Logoff
Rx EAPOL Invalid
The number of EAPOL Start frames that have been received by this Authenticator.
The number of EAPOL Logoff frames that have been received by this Authenticator.
The number of EAPOL frames that have been received by this Authenticator in
which the frame type is not recognized.
Rx EAPOL Total
The number of valid EAPOL frames of any type that have been received by this
Authenticator.
Rx EAP Resp/Id
The number of EAP Resp/Id frames that have been received by this Authenticator.
Rx EAP Resp/Oth
The number of valid EAP Response frames (other than Resp/Id frames) that have
been received by this Authenticator.
Rx EAP LenError
The number of EAPOL frames that have been received by this Authenticator in
which the Packet Body Length field is invalid.
Rx Last EAPOLVer
Rx Last EAPOLSrc
Tx EAPOL Total
The protocol version number carried in the most recently received EAPOL frame.
The source MAC address carried in the most recently received EAPOL frame.
The number of EAPOL frames of any type that have been transmitted by this
Authenticator.
Tx EAP Req/Id
The number of EAP Req/Id frames that have been transmitted by this Authenticator.
Tx EAP Req/Oth
The number of EAP Request frames (other than Rq/Id frames) that have been
transmitted by this Authenticator.
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User Authentication
3
Web – Select Security, 802.1X, Statistics. Select the required port and then click
Query. Click Refresh to update the statistics.
Figure 3-42 802.1X Port Statistics
CLI – This example displays the dot1x statistics for port 4.
Console#show dot1x statistics interface ethernet 1/4
Eth 1/4
Rx: EAPOL
EAPOL
Logoff
0
EAPOL
Invalid
0
EAPOL
Total
1007
EAP
Resp/Id Resp/Oth LenError
672
EAP
EAP
Start
2
0
0
Last
EAPOLVer
1
Last
EAPOLSrc
00-00-E8-98-73-21
Tx: EAPOL
Total
EAP
Req/Id
1005
EAP
Req/Oth
0
2017
Console#
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Configuring the Switch
3
Filtering IP Addresses for Management Access
You can create a list of up to 16 IP addresses or IP address groups that are allowed
management access to the switch through the web interface, SNMP, or Telnet.
Command Usage
• The management interfaces are open to all IP addresses by default. Once you add
an entry to a filter list, access to that interface is restricted to the specified
addresses.
• If anyone tries to access a management interface on the switch from an invalid
address, the switch will reject the connection, enter an event message in the
system log, and send a trap message to the trap manager.
• IP address can be configured for SNMP, web and Telnet access respectively. Each
of these groups can include up to five different sets of addresses, either individual
addresses or address ranges.
• When entering addresses for the same group (i.e., SNMP, web or Telnet), the
switch will not accept overlapping address ranges. When entering addresses for
different groups, the switch will accept overlapping address ranges.
• You cannot delete an individual address from a specified range. You must delete
the entire range, and reenter the addresses.
• You can delete an address range just by specifying the start address, or by
specifying both the start address and end address.
Command Attributes
• Web IP Filter – Configures IP address(es) for the web group.
• SNMP IP Filter – Configures IP address(es) for the SNMP group.
• Telnet IP Filter – Configures IP address(es) for the Telnet group.
• IP Filter List – IP address which are allowed management access to this interface.
• Start IP Address – A single IP address, or the starting address of a range.
• End IP Address – The end address of a range.
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User Authentication
3
Web – Click Security, IP Filter. Enter the IP addresses or range of addresses that
are allowed management access to an interface, and click Add IP Filtering Entry.
Figure 3-43 IP Filter
CLI – This example restricts management access for Telnet clients.
Console(config)#management telnet-client 192.168.1.19
Console(config)#management telnet-client 192.168.1.25 192.168.1.30
Console(config)#exit
Console#show management all-client
Management IP Filter
HTTP-Client:
Start IP address
End IP address
-----------------------------------------------
SNMP-Client:
Start IP address
End IP address
-----------------------------------------------
TELNET-Client:
Start IP address
End IP address
-----------------------------------------------
1. 192.168.1.19
2. 192.168.1.25
192.168.1.19
192.168.1.30
Console#
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Configuring the Switch
3
Access Control Lists
Access Control Lists (ACL) provide packet filtering for IP frames (based on address,
protocol, Layer 4 protocol port number or TCP control code) or any frames (based
on MAC address or Ethernet type). To filter incoming packets, first create an access
list, add the required rules, specify a mask to modify the precedence in which the
rules are checked, and then bind the list to a specific port.
Configuring Access Control Lists
An ACL is a sequential list of permit or deny conditions that apply to IP addresses,
MAC addresses, or other more specific criteria. This switch tests ingress or egress
packets against the conditions in an ACL one by one. A packet will be accepted as
soon as it matches a permit rule, or dropped as soon as it matches a deny rule. If no
rules match for a list of all permit rules, the packet is dropped; and if no rules match
for a list of all deny rules, the packet is accepted.
You must configure a mask for an ACL rule before you can bind it to a port or set the
queue or frame priorities associated with the rule. This is done by specifying masks
that control the order in which ACL rules are checked. The switch includes two
system default masks that pass/filter packets matching the permit/deny rules
specified in an ingress ACL. You can also configure up to seven user-defined masks
for an ingress or egress ACL.
Command Usage
The following restrictions apply to ACLs:
• The maximum number of ACLs is:
Fast Ethernet ports - 157 lists, 4 masks shared by 8-port groups
Gigabit Ethernet ports - 29 lists, 4 masks
• Each ACL can have up to 32 rules. However, due to resource restrictions, the
average number of rules bound to the ports should not exceed 20.
• You must configure a mask for an ACL rule before you can bind it to a port or set
the queue or frame priorities associated with the rule.
• When an ACL is bound to an interface as an egress filter, all entries in the ACL
must be deny rules. Otherwise, the bind operation will fail.
• The switch does not support the explicit “deny any any” rule for the egress IP ACL
or the egress MAC ACLs. If these rules are included in an ACL, and you attempt
to bind the ACL to an interface for egress checking, the bind operation will fail.
The order in which active ACLs are checked is as follows:
1. User-defined rules in the Egress MAC ACL for egress ports.
2. User-defined rules in the Egress IP ACL for egress ports.
3. User-defined rules in the Ingress MAC ACL for ingress ports.
4. User-defined rules in the Ingress IP ACL for ingress ports.
5. Explicit default rule (permit any any) in the ingress IP ACL for ingress ports.
6. Explicit default rule (permit any any) in the ingress MAC ACL for ingress ports.
7. If no explicit rule is matched, the implicit default is permit all.
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Access Control Lists
3
Setting the ACL Name and Type
Use the ACL Configuration page to designate the name and type of an ACL.
Command Attributes
• Name – Name of the ACL. (Maximum length: 16 characters)
• Type – There are three filtering modes:
- Standard: IP ACL mode that filters packets based on the source IP address.
- Extended: IP ACL mode that filters packets based on source or destination IP
address, as well as protocol type and protocol port number. If the “TCP” protocol
is specified, then you can also filter packets based on the TCP control code.
- MAC: MAC ACL mode that filters packets based on the source or destination
MAC address and the Ethernet frame type (RFC 1060).
Web – Click Security, ACL, Configuration. Enter an ACL name in the Name field,
select the list type (IP Standard, IP Extended, or MAC), and click Add to open the
configuration page for the new list.
Figure 3-44 Selecting ACL Type
CLI – This example creates a standard IP ACL named bill.
Console(config)#access-list ip standard bill
Console(config-std-acl)#
Configuring a Standard IP ACL
Command Attributes
• Action – An ACL can contain any combination of permit or deny rules.
• Address Type – Specifies the source IP address. Use “Any” to include all possible
addresses, “Host” to specify a specific host address in the Address field, or “IP” to
specify a range of addresses with the Address and SubMask fields. (Options: Any,
Host, IP; Default: Any)
• IP Address – Source IP address.
• Subnet Mask – A subnet mask containing four integers from 0 to 255, each
separated by a period. The mask uses 1 bits to indicate “match” and 0 bits to
indicate “ignore.” The mask is bitwise ANDed with the specified source IP address,
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Configuring the Switch
3
and compared with the address for each IP packet entering the port(s) to which this
ACL has been assigned.
Web – Specify the action (i.e., Permit or Deny). Select the address type (Any, Host,
or IP). If you select “Host,” enter a specific address. If you select “IP,” enter a subnet
address and the mask for an address range. Then click Add.
Figure 3-45 ACL Configuration - Standard IP
CLI – This example configures one permit rule for the specific address 10.1.1.21
and another rule for the address range 168.92.16.x – 168.92.31.x using a bitmask.
Console(config-std-acl)#permit host 10.1.1.21
Console(config-std-acl)#permit 168.92.16.0 255.255.240.0
Console(config-std-acl)#
Configuring an Extended IP ACL
Command Attributes
• Action – An ACL can contain any combination of permit or deny rules.
• Source/Destination Address Type – Specifies the source or destination IP
address. Use “Any” to include all possible addresses, “Host” to specify a specific
host address in the Address field, or “IP” to specify a range of addresses with the
Address and SubMask fields. (Options: Any, Host, IP; Default: Any)
• Source/Destination IP Address – Source or destination IP address.
• Source/Destination Subnet Mask – Subnet mask for source or destination
• Service Type – Packet priority settings based on the following criteria:
- Precedence – IP precedence level. (Range: 0-8, where 8 means any)
- TOS – Type of Service level. (Range: 0-16, where 16 means any)
- DSCP – DSCP priority level. (Range: 0-64, where 64 means any)
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Access Control Lists
3
• Protocol – Specifies the protocol type to match as TCP, UDP or Others, where
others indicates a specific protocol number (0-255). (Options: TCP, UDP, Others;
Default: TCP)
• Source/Destination Port – Source/destination port number for the specified
protocol type. (Range: 0-65535)
• Source/Destination Port Bit Mask – Decimal number representing the port bits
to match. (Range: 0-65535)
• Control Code – Decimal number (representing a bit string) that specifies flag bits
in byte 14 of the TCP header. (Range: 0-63)
• Control Code Bit Mask – Decimal number representing the code bits to match.
The control bitmask is a decimal number (for an equivalent binary bit mask) that is
applied to the control code. Enter a decimal number, where the equivalent binary
bit “1” means to match a bit and “0” means to ignore a bit. The following bits may
be specified:
- 1 (fin) – Finish
- 2 (syn) – Synchronize
- 4 (rst) – Reset
- 8 (psh) – Push
- 16 (ack) – Acknowledgement
- 32 (urg) – Urgent pointer
For example, use the code value and mask below to catch packets with the
following flags set:
- SYN flag valid, use control-code 2, control bitmask 2
- Both SYN and ACK valid, use control-code 18, control bitmask 18
- SYN valid and ACK invalid, use control-code 2, control bitmask 18
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Configuring the Switch
3
Web – Specify the action (i.e., Permit or Deny). Specify the source and/or
destination addresses. Select the address type (Any, Host, or IP). If you select
“Host,” enter a specific address. If you select “IP,” enter a subnet address and the
mask for an address range. Set any other required criteria, such as service type,
protocol type, or TCP control code. Then click Add.
Figure 3-46 ACL Configuration - Extended IP
CLI – This example adds three rules:
1. Accept any incoming packets if the source address is in subnet 10.7.1.x. For
example, if the rule is matched; i.e., the rule (10.7.1.0 & 255.255.255.0) equals
the masked address (10.7.1.2 & 255.255.255.0), the packet passes through.
2. Allow TCP packets from class C addresses 192.168.1.0 to any destination
address when set for destination TCP port 80 (i.e., HTTP).
3. Permit all TCP packets from class C addresses 192.168.1.0 with the TCP control
code set to “SYN.”
Console(config-ext-acl)#permit 10.7.1.1 255.255.255.0 any
Console(config-ext-acl)#permit tcp 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 any
destination-port 80
Console(config-ext-acl)#permit tcp 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 any
control-flag 2 2
Console(config-std-acl)#
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Access Control Lists
3
Configuring a MAC ACL
Command Attributes
• Action – An ACL can contain any combination of permit or deny rules.
• Source/Destination Address Type – Use “Any” to include all possible addresses,
“Host” to indicate a specific MAC address, or “MAC” to specify an address range
with the Address and Bitmask fields. (Options: Any, Host, MAC; Default: Any)
• Source/Destination MAC Address – Source or destination MAC address.
• Source/Destination MAC Bit Mask – Hexidecimal mask for source or destination
MAC address.
• VID – VLAN ID. (Range: 1-4093)
• VID Bit Mask – VLAN bitmask. (Range: 1-4093)
• Ethernet Type – This option can only be used to filter Ethernet II formatted
packets. (Range: 600-fff hex.)
A detailed listing of Ethernet protocol types can be found in RFC 1060. A few of the
more common types include 0800 (IP), 0806 (ARP), 8137 (IPX).
• Ethernet Type Bit Mask – Protocol bitmask. (Range: 600-fff hex.)
• Packet Format – This attribute includes the following packet types:
- Any – Any Ethernet packet type.
- Untagged-eth2 – Untagged Ethernet II packets.
- Untagged-802.3 – Untagged Ethernet 802.3 packets.
- Tagged-eth2 – Tagged Ethernet II packets.
- Tagged-802.3 – Tagged Ethernet 802.3 packets.
Command Usage
Egress MAC ACLs only work for destination-mac-known packets, not for multicast,
broadcast, or destination-mac-unknown packets.
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Configuring the Switch
3
Web – Specify the action (i.e., Permit or Deny). Specify the source and/or
destination addresses. Select the address type (Any, Host, or MAC). If you select
“Host,” enter a specific address (e.g., 11-22-33-44-55-66). If you select “MAC,” enter
a base address and a hexidecimal bitmask for an address range. Set any other
required criteria, such as VID, Ethernet type, or packet format. Then click Add.
Figure 3-47 ACL Configuration - MAC
CLI – This rule permits packets from any source MAC address to the destination
address 00-e0-29-94-34-de where the Ethernet type is 0800.
Console(config-mac-acl)#permit any host 00-e0-29-94-34-de
ethertype 0800
Console(config-mac-acl)#
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Access Control Lists
3
Configuring ACL Masks
You must specify masks that control the order in which ACL rules are checked. The
switch includes two system default masks that pass/filter packets matching the
permit/deny rules specified in an ingress ACL. You can also configure up to seven
user-defined masks for an ingress or egress ACL. A mask must be bound
exclusively to one of the basic ACL types (i.e., Ingress IP ACL, Egress IP ACL,
Ingress MAC ACL or Egress MAC ACL), but a mask can be bound to up to four
ACLs of the same type.
Command Usage
• Up to seven entries can be assigned to an ACL mask.
• Packets crossing a port are checked against all the rules in the ACL until a match
is found. The order in which these packets are checked is determined by the mask,
and not the order in which the ACL rules are entered.
• First create the required ACLs and the ingress or egress masks before mapping an
ACL to an interface.
• You must configure a mask for an ACL rule before you can bind it to a port or set
the queue or frame priorities associated with the rule.
Specifying the Mask Type
Use the ACL Mask Configuration page to edit the mask for the Ingress IP ACL,
Egress IP ACL, Ingress MAC ACL or Egress MAC ACL.
Web – Click Security, ACL, Mask Configuration. Click Edit for one of the basic mask
types to open the configuration page.
Figure 3-48 Selecting ACL Mask Types
CLI – This example creates an IP ingress mask, and then adds two rules. Each rule
is checked in order of precedence to look for a match in the ACL entries. The first
entry matching a mask is applied to the inbound packet.
Console(config)#access-list ip mask-precedence in
Console(config-ip-mask-acl)#mask host any
Console(config-ip-mask-acl)#mask 255.255.255.0 any
Console(config-ip-mask-acl)#
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Configuring the Switch
3
Configuring an IP ACL Mask
This mask defines the fields to check in the IP header.
Command Usage
• Masks that include an entry for a Layer 4 protocol source port or destination port
can only be applied to packets with a header length of exactly five bytes.
Command Attributes
• Source/Destination Address Type – Specifies the source or destination IP
address. Use “Any” to match any address, “Host” to specify a host address (not a
subnet), or “IP” to specify a range of addresses. (Options: Any, Host, IP;
Default: Any)
• Source/Destination Subnet Mask – Source or destination address of rule must
• Protocol Mask – Check the protocol field.
• Service Type Mask – Check the rule for the specified priority type.
(Options: Precedence, TOS, DSCP; Default: TOS)
• Source/Destination Port Bit Mask – Protocol port of rule must match this
bitmask. (Range: 0-65535)
• Control Code Bit Mask – Control flags of rule must match this bitmask.
(Range: 0-63)
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Access Control Lists
3
Web – Configure the mask to match the required rules in the IP ingress or egress
ACLs. Set the mask to check for any source or destination address, a specific host
address, or an address range. Include other criteria to search for in the rules, such
as a protocol type or one of the service types. Or use a bitmask to search for specific
protocol port(s) or TCP control code(s). Then click Add.
Figure 3-49 ACL Mask Configuration - IP
CLI – This shows that the entries in the mask override the precedence in which the
rules are entered into the ACL. In the following example, packets with the source
address 10.1.1.1 are dropped because the “deny 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.255” rule
has the higher precedence according the “mask host any” entry.
Console(config)#access-list ip standard A2
Console(config-std-acl)#permit 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0
Console(config-std-acl)#deny 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
Console(config-std-acl)#exit
Console(config)#access-list ip mask-precedence in
Console(config-ip-mask-acl)#mask host any
Console(config-ip-mask-acl)#mask 255.255.255.0 any
Console(config-ip-mask-acl)#
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Configuring the Switch
3
Configuring a MAC ACL Mask
This mask defines the fields to check in the packet header.
Command Usage
You must configure a mask for an ACL rule before you can bind it to a port.
Command Attributes
• Source/Destination Address Type – Use “Any” to match any address, “Host” to
specify the host address for a single node, or “MAC” to specify a range of
addresses. (Options: Any, Host, MAC; Default: Any)
• Source/Destination Bit Mask – Address of rule must match this bitmask.
• VID Bitmask – VLAN ID of rule must match this bitmask.
• Ethernet Type Bit Mask – Ethernet type of rule must match this bitmask.
• Packet Format Mask – A packet format must be specified in the rule.
Web – Configure the mask to match the required rules in the MAC ingress or egress
ACLs. Set the mask to check for any source or destination address, a host address,
or an address range. Use a bitmask to search for specific VLAN ID(s) or Ethernet
type(s). Or check for rules where a packet format was specified. Then click Add.
Figure 3-50 ACL Mask Configuration - MAC
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Access Control Lists
3
CLI – This example shows how to create an Ingress MAC ACL and bind it to a port.
You can then see that the order of the rules have been changed by the mask.
Console(config)#access-list mac M4
Console(config-mac-acl)#permit any any
Console(config-mac-acl)#deny tagged-eth2 00-11-11-11-11-11
ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff any vid 3
Console(config-mac-acl)#end
Console#show access-list
MAC access-list M4:
permit any any
deny tagged-eth2 host 00-11-11-11-11-11 any vid 3
Console(config)#access-list mac mask-precedence in
Console(config-mac-mask-acl)#exit
Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/12
Console(config-if)#mac access-group M4 in
Console(config-if)#end
Console#show access-list
MAC access-list M4:
deny tagged-eth2 host 00-11-11-11-11-11 any vid 3
permit any any
MAC ingress mask ACL:
mask pktformat host any vid
Console#
Binding a Port to an Access Control List
After configuring the Access Control Lists (ACL), you should bind them to the ports
that need to filter traffic. You can only bind a port to one ACL for each basic type – IP
ingress, IP egress, MAC ingress and MAC egress.
Command Usage
• You must configure a mask for an ACL rule before you can bind it to a port.
• This switch supports ACLs for both ingress and egress filtering. However, you can
only bind one IP ACL and one MAC ACL to any port for ingress filtering, and one
IP ACL and one MAC ACL to any port for egress filtering. In other words, only four
ACLs can be bound to an interface – Ingress IP ACL, Egress IP ACL, Ingress MAC
ACL and Egress MAC ACL.
• When an ACL is bound to an interface as an egress filter, all entries in the ACL
must be deny rules. Otherwise, the bind operation will fail.
• The switch does not support the explicit “deny any any” rule for the egress IP ACL
or the egress MAC ACLs. If these rules are included in an ACL, and you attempt
to bind the ACL to an interface for egress checking, the bind operation will fail.
Command Attributes
• Port – Fixed port or SFP module. (Range: 1-28)
• IP – Specifies the IP ACL to bind to a port.
• MAC – Specifies the MAC ACL to bind to a port.
• IN – ACL for ingress packets.
• OUT – ACL for egress packets.
• ACL Name – Name of the ACL.
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Configuring the Switch
3
Web – Click Security, ACL, Port Binding. Mark the Enable field for the port you want
to bind to an ACL for ingress or egress traffic, select the required ACL from the
drop-down list, then click Apply.
Figure 3-51 ACL Port Binding
CLI – This examples assigns an IP and MAC ingress ACL to port 1, and an IP
ingress ACL to port 2.
Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/1
Console(config-if)#ip access-group david in
Console(config-if)#mac access-group jerry in
Console(config-if)#exit
Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/2
Console(config-if)#ip access-group david in
Console(config-if)#
Port Configuration
Displaying Connection Status
You can use the Port Information or Trunk Information pages to display the current
connection status, including link state, speed/duplex mode, flow control, and
auto-negotiation.
Field Attributes (Web)
• Name – Interface label.
• Type – Indicates the port type. (100BASE-TX, 1000BASE-T, or SFP)
• Admin Status – Shows if the interface is enabled or disabled.
• Oper Status – Indicates if the link is Up or Down.
• Speed Duplex Status – Shows the current speed and duplex mode.
(Auto, or fixed choice)
• Flow Control Status – Indicates the type of flow control currently in use.
(IEEE 802.3x, Back-Pressure or None)
• Autonegotiation – Shows if auto-negotiation is enabled or disabled.
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Port Configuration
3
8
• Trunk Member – Shows if port is a trunk member.
9
• Creation – Shows if a trunk is manually configured or dynamically set via LACP.
Web – Click Port, Port Information or Trunk Information.
Figure 3-52 Port - Port Information
Field Attributes (CLI)
Basic information:
• Port type – Indicates the port type. (100BASE-TX, 1000BASE-T, or SFP)
• MAC address – The physical layer address for this port. (To access this item on
Configuration:
• Name – Interface label.
• Port admin – Shows if the interface is enabled or disabled (i.e., up or down).
•
Speed-duplex – Shows the current speed and duplex mode. (Auto, or fixed choice)
• Capabilities – Specifies the capabilities to be advertised for a port during
auto-negotiation. (To access this item on the web, see “Configuring Interface
Connections” on page 3-48.) The following capabilities are supported.
• 10half - Supports 10 Mbps half-duplex operation
• 10full - Supports 10 Mbps full-duplex operation
• 100half - Supports 100 Mbps half-duplex operation
• 100full - Supports 100 Mbps full-duplex operation
• 1000full - Supports 1000 Mbps full-duplex operation
• Sym - Transmits and receives pause frames for flow control
• FC - Supports flow control
• Broadcast storm – Shows if broadcast storm control is enabled or disabled.
• Broadcast storm limit – Shows the broadcast storm threshold. (500 - 262143
packets per second)
8. Port Information only.
9. Trunk Information only.
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Configuring the Switch
3
• Flow control – Shows if flow control is enabled or disabled.
• LACP – Shows if LACP is enabled or disabled.
• Port security – Shows if port security is enabled or disabled.
• Max MAC count – Shows the maximum number of MAC address that can be
learned by a port. (0 - 1024 addresses)
• Port security action – Shows the response to take when a security violation is
detected. (shutdown, trap, trap-and-shutdown)
Current status:
• Link status – Indicates if the link is up or down.
• Port operation status – Provides detailed information on port state.
(Displayed only when the link is up.).
• Operation speed-duplex – Shows the current speed and duplex mode.
• Flow control type – Indicates the type of flow control currently in use.
(IEEE 802.3x, Back-Pressure or none)
CLI – This example shows the connection status for Port 5.
Console#show interfaces status ethernet 1/5
Information of Eth 1/13
Basic information:
Port type:
Mac address:
Configuration:
Name:
100TX
00-30-F1-D4-73-A5
Port admin:
Speed-duplex:
Capabilities:
Broadcast storm:
Up
Auto
10half, 10full, 100half, 100full, 1000full
Enabled
Broadcast storm limit: 500 packets/second
Flow control:
LACP:
Port security:
Max MAC count:
Port security action:
Media type:
Disabled
Disabled
Disabled
0
None
None
Current status:
Link status:
Down
Operation speed-duplex: 1000full
Flow control type: None
Console#
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Port Configuration
3
Configuring Interface Connections
You can use the Port Configuration or Trunk Configuration page to enable/disable an
interface, set auto-negotiation and the interface capabilities to advertise, or manually
fix the speed and duplex mode, and flow control.
Command Attributes
• Name – Allows you to label an interface. (Range: 1-64 characters)
• Admin – Allows you to manually disable an interface. You can disable an interface
due to abnormal behavior (e.g., excessive collisions), and then reenable it after the
problem has been resolved. You may also disable an interface for security
reasons.
• Speed/Duplex – Allows you to manually set the port speed and duplex mode
(i.e., with auto-negotiation disabled).
• Flow Control – Allows automatic or manual selection of flow control.
• Autonegotiation (Port Capabilities) – Allows auto-negotiation to be enabled/
disabled. When auto-negotiation is enabled, you need to specify the capabilities to
be advertised. When auto-negotiation is disabled, you can force the settings for
speed and mode, and flow control.The following capabilities are supported.
- 10half - Supports 10 Mbps half-duplex operation
- 10full - Supports 10 Mbps full-duplex operation
- 100half - Supports 100 Mbps half-duplex operation
- 100full - Supports 100 Mbps full-duplex operation
- 1000full - Supports 1 Gbps full-duplex operation
- Sym (Gigabit only) - Check this item to transmit and receive pause frames, or
clear it to auto-negotiate the sender and receiver for asymmetric pause frames.
(The current switch chip only supports symmetric pause frames.)
- FC - Supports flow control
Flow control can eliminate frame loss by “blocking” traffic from end stations or
segments connected directly to the switch when its buffers fill. When enabled,
back pressure is used for half-duplex operation and IEEE 802.3x for full-duplex
operation. (Avoid using flow control on a port connected to a hub unless it is
actually required to solve a problem. Otherwise back pressure jamming signals
may degrade overall performance for the segment attached to the hub.)
(Default: Autonegotiation enabled; Advertised capabilities for
RJ-45: 100BASE-TX – 10half, 10full, 100half, 100full;
1000BASE-T – 10half, 10full, 100half, 100full, 1000full;
SFP: 1000BASE-SX/LX/LH – 1000full)
• Trunk – Indicates if a port is a member of a trunk. To create trunks and select port
Note: Auto-negotiation must be disabled before you can configure or force the interface
to use the Speed/Duplex Mode or Flow Control options.
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Configuring the Switch
3
Web – Click Port, Port Configuration or Trunk Configuration. Modify the required
interface settings, and click Apply.
Figure 3-53 Port - Port Configuration
CLI – Select the interface, and then enter the required settings.
Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/13
Console(config-if)#description RD SW#13
Console(config-if)#shutdown
.
Console(config-if)#no shutdown
Console(config-if)#no negotiation
Console(config-if)#speed-duplex 100half
.
Console(config-if)#negotiation
Console(config-if)#capabilities 100half
Console(config-if)#capabilities 100full
Console(config-if)#
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Port Configuration
3
Creating Trunk Groups
You can create multiple links between devices that work as one virtual, aggregate
link. A port trunk offers a dramatic increase in bandwidth for network segments
where bottlenecks exist, as well as providing a fault-tolerant link between two
devices. You can create up to 12 trunks.
The switch supports both static trunking and dynamic Link Aggregation Control
Protocol (LACP). Static trunks have to be manually configured at both ends of the
link, and the switches must comply with the Cisco EtherChannel standard. On the
other hand, LACP configured ports can automatically negotiate a trunked link with
LACP-configured ports on another device. You can configure any number of ports
on the switch as LACP, as long as they are not already configured as part of a static
trunk. If ports on another device are also configured as LACP, the switch and the
other device will negotiate a trunk link between them. If an LACP trunk consists of
more than eight ports, all other ports will be placed in a standby mode. Should one
link in the trunk fail, one of the standby ports will automatically be activated to
replace it.
Command Usage
Besides balancing the load across each port in the trunk, the other ports provide
redundancy by taking over the load if a port in the trunk fails. However, before
making any physical connections between devices, use the web interface or CLI to
specify the trunk on the devices at both ends. When using a port trunk, take note of
the following points:
• Finish configuring port trunks before you connect the corresponding network
cables between switches to avoid creating a loop.
• You can create up to 12 trunks on a switch, with up to eight ports per trunk.
• The ports at both ends of a connection must be configured as trunk ports.
• When configuring static trunks on switches of different types, they must be
compatible with the Cisco EtherChannel standard.
• The ports at both ends of a trunk must be configured in an identical manner,
including communication mode (i.e., speed and duplex mode and flow control),
VLAN assignments, and CoS settings.
• Any of the Gigabit ports on the front panel can be trunked together, including ports
of different media types.
• All the ports in a trunk have to be treated as a whole when moved from/to, added
or deleted from a VLAN.
• STP, VLAN, and IGMP settings can only be made for the entire trunk.
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Configuring the Switch
3
Statically Configuring a Trunk
Command Usage
• When configuring static trunks, you may not be
able to link switches of different types,
depending on the manufacturer’s
statically
configured
implementation. However, note that the static
trunks on this switch are Cisco EtherChannel
compatible.
active
links
• To avoid creating a loop in the network, be sure
you add a static trunk via the configuration
interface before connecting the ports, and also
disconnect the ports before removing a static
trunk via the configuration interface.
Command Attributes
• Member List (Current) – Shows configured trunks (Trunk ID, Unit, Port).
• New – Includes entry fields for creating new trunks.
- Trunk – Trunk identifier. (Range: 1-12)
10
- Unit – Stack unit . (Range: 1-1)
- Port – Port identifier. (Range: 1-28)
Web – Click Port, Trunk Membership. Enter a trunk ID of 1-12 in the Trunk field,
select any of the switch ports from the scroll-down port list, and click Add. After you
have completed adding ports to the member list, click Apply.
Figure 3-54 Static Trunk Configuration
10. Stacking is not supported in the current firmware.
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Port Configuration
3
CLI – This example creates trunk 1 with ports 9 and 10. Just connect these ports to
two static trunk ports on another switch to form a trunk.
Console(config)#interface port-channel 1
Console(config-if)#exit
Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/9
Console(config-if)#channel-group 1
Console(config-if)#exit
Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/10
Console(config-if)#channel-group 1
Console(config-if)#end
Console#show interfaces status port-channel 1
Information of Trunk 1
Basic information:
Port type:
100TX
Mac address:
Configuration:
Name:
00-30-F1-D4-73-A2
Port admin:
Up
Speed-duplex:
Capabilities:
Flow control:
Port security:
Max MAC count:
Current status:
Created by:
Auto
10half, 10full, 100half, 100full, 1000full
Disabled
Disabled
0
User
Up
Link status:
Port operation status: Up
Operation speed-duplex: 1000full
Flow control type:
Member Ports: Eth1/9, Eth1/10,
Console#
None
Enabling LACP on Selected Ports
Command Usage
• To avoid creating a loop in the network, be sure
you enable LACP before connecting the ports,
and also disconnect the ports before disabling
LACP.
dynamically
enabled
active
links
backup
link
• If the target switch has also enabled LACP on the
connected ports, the trunk will be activated
automatically.
• A trunk formed with another switch using LACP
will automatically be assigned the next available
trunk ID.
configured
members
• If more than eight ports attached to the same
target switch have LACP enabled, the additional ports will be placed in standby
mode, and will only be enabled if one of the active links fails.
• All ports on both ends of an LACP trunk must be configured for full duplex, either
by forced mode or auto-negotiation.
• Trunks dynamically established through LACP will also be shown in the Member
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Configuring the Switch
3
Command Attributes
• Member List (Current) – Shows configured trunks (Unit, Port).
• New – Includes entry fields for creating new trunks.
11
- Unit – Stack unit . (Range: 1-1)
- Port – Port identifier. (Range: 1-28)
Web – Click Port, LACP, Configuration. Select any of the switch ports from the
scroll-down port list and click Add. After you have completed adding ports to the
member list, click Apply.
Figure 3-55 LACP Trunk Configuration
11. Stacking is not supported in the current firmware.
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Port Configuration
3
CLI – The following example enables LACP for ports 1 to 6. Just connect these ports
to LACP-enabled trunk ports on another switch to form a trunk.
Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/1
Console(config-if)#lacp
Console(config-if)#exit
.
.
.
Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/6
Console(config-if)#lacp
Console(config-if)#end
Console#show interfaces status port-channel 1
Information of Trunk 1
Basic information:
Port type:
100TX
Mac address:
Configuration:
Port admin:
00-30-F1-D4-73-A2
Up
Speed-duplex:
Capabilities:
Flow control:
Port security:
Max MAC count:
Current status:
Created by:
Auto
10half, 10full, 100half, 100full, 1000full
Disabled
Disabled
0
LACP
Up
Link status:
Port operation status: Up
Operation speed-duplex: 1000full
Flow control type:
Member Ports: Eth1/1, Eth1/2, Eth1/3, Eth1/4, Eth1/5, Eth1/6,
Console#
None
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Configuring the Switch
3
Configuring LACP Parameters
Dynamically Creating a Port Channel –
Ports assigned to a common port channel must meet the following criteria:
• Ports must have the same LACP System Priority.
• Ports must have the same LACP port Admin Key.
• However, if the “port channel” Admin Key is set (page 4-142), then the port Admin
Key must be set to the same value for a port to be allowed to join a channel group.
the CLI) when a channel group is formed (i.e., it has a null value of 0), this key is set to
the same value as the port admin key used by the interfaces that joined the group (lacp
admin key, as described in this section and on page 4-161).
Command Attributes
Set Port Actor – This menu sets the local side of an aggregate link; i.e., the ports on
this switch.
• Port – Port number. (Range: 1-28)
• System Priority – LACP system priority is used to determine link aggregation
group (LAG) membership, and to identify this device to other switches during LAG
negotiations. (Range: 0-65535; Default: 32768)
- Ports must be configured with the same system priority to join the same LAG.
- System priority is combined with the switch’s MAC address to form the LAG
identifier. This identifier is used to indicate a specific LAG during LACP
negotiations with other systems.
• Admin Key – The LACP administration key must be set to the same value for ports
that belong to the same LAG. (Range: 0-65535; Default: 1)
• Port Priority – If a link goes down, LACP port priority is used to select a backup
link. (Range: 0-65535; Default: 32768)
Set Port Partner – This menu sets the remote side of an aggregate link; i.e., the
ports on the attached device. The command attributes have the same meaning as
those used for the port actor. However, configuring LACP settings for the partner
only applies to its administrative state, not its operational state, and will only take
effect the next time an aggregate link is established with the partner.
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Port Configuration
3
Web – Click Port, LACP, Aggregation Port. Set the System Priority, Admin Key, and
Port Priority for the Port Actor. You can optionally configure these settings for the
Port Partner. (Be aware that these settings only affect the administrative state of the
partner, and will not take effect until the next time an aggregate link is formed with
this device.) After you have completed setting the port LACP parameters, click Apply.
Figure 3-56 LACP - Aggregation Port
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Configuring the Switch
3
CLI – The following example configures LACP parameters for ports 1-10. Ports 1-8
are used as active members of the LAG, ports 9 and 10 are set to backup mode.
Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/1
Console(config-if)#lacp actor system-priority 3
Console(config-if)#lacp actor admin-key 120
Console(config-if)#lacp actor port-priority 128
Console(config-if)#exit
.
.
.
Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/10
Console(config-if)#lacp actor system-priority 3
Console(config-if)#lacp actor admin-key 120
Console(config-if)#lacp actor port-priority 512
Console(config-if)#end
Console#show lacp sysid
Channel Group
System Priority
System MAC Address
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1
2
3
3
32768
32768
00-00-E9-31-31-31
00-00-E9-31-31-31
00-00-E9-31-31-31
.
.
.
Console#show lacp 1 internal
Port channel: 1
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oper Key: 120
Admin Key: 0
Eth 1/ 1
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
LACPDUs Internal:
30 sec
LACP System Priority: 3
LACP Port Priority:
Admin Key:
Oper Key:
128
120
120
Admin State: defaulted, aggregation, long timeout, LACP-activity
Oper State:
distributing, collecting, synchronization,
aggregation, long timeout, LACP-activity
.
.
.
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Port Configuration
3
Displaying LACP Port Counters
You can display statistics for LACP protocol messages.
Table 3-8 LACP Port Counters
Parameter
Description
LACPDUs Sent
LACPDUs Received
Marker Sent
Number of valid LACPDUs transmitted from this channel group.
Number of valid LACPDUs received by this channel group.
Number of valid Marker PDUs transmitted from this channel group.
Number of valid Marker PDUs received by this channel group.
Marker Received
Marker Unknown Pkts
Number of frames received that either (1) Carry the Slow Protocols Ethernet
Type value, but contain an unknown PDU, or (2) are addressed to the Slow
Protocols group MAC Address, but do not carry the Slow Protocols Ethernet
Type.
Marker Illegal Pkts
Number of frames that carry the Slow Protocols Ethernet Type value, but contain
a badly formed PDU or an illegal value of Protocol Subtype.
Web – Click Port, LACP, Port Counters Information. Select a member port to display
the corresponding information.
Figure 3-57 LACP - Port Counters Information
CLI – The following example displays LACP counters for port channel 1.
Console#show lacp 1 counters
Port channel: 1
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Eth 1/ 2
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
LACPDUs Sent:
LACPDUs Receive:
Marker Sent:
19
10
0
Marker Receive:
0
LACPDUs Unknown Pkts: 0
LACPDUs Illegal Pkts: 0
.
.
.
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Configuring the Switch
3
Displaying LACP Settings and Status for the Local Side
You can display configuration settings and the operational state for the local side of
an link aggregation.
Table 3-9 LACP Internal Configuration Information
Field
Description
Oper Key
Current operational value of the key for the aggregation port.
Current administrative value of the key for the aggregation port.
Number of seconds before invalidating received LACPDU information.
Admin Key
LACPDUs Internal
LACP System Priority LACP system priority assigned to this port channel.
LACP Port Priority
LACP port priority assigned to this interface within the channel group.
Admin State,
Oper State
Administrative or operational values of the actor’s state parameters:
• Expired – The actor’s receive machine is in the expired state;
• Defaulted – The actor’s receive machine is using defaulted operational partner
information, administratively configured for the partner.
• Distributing – If false, distribution of outgoing frames on this link is disabled; i.e.,
distribution is currently disabled and is not expected to be enabled in the absence
of administrative changes or changes in received protocol information.
• Collecting – Collection of incoming frames on this link is enabled; i.e., collection
is currently enabled and is not expected to be disabled in the absence of
administrative changes or changes in received protocol information.
• Synchronization – The System considers this link to be IN_SYNC; i.e., it has
been allocated to the correct Link Aggregation Group, the group has been
associated with a compatible Aggregator, and the identity of the Link Aggregation
Group is consistent with the System ID and operational Key information
transmitted.
• Aggregation – The system considers this link to be aggregatable; i.e., a potential
candidate for aggregation.
• Long timeout – Periodic transmission of LACPDUs uses a slow transmission rate.
• LACP-Activity – Activity control value with regard to this link.
(0: Passive; 1: Active)
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Port Configuration
3
Web – Click Port, LACP, Port Internal Information. Select a port channel to display
the corresponding information.
Figure 3-58 LACP - Port Internal Information
CLI – The following example displays the LACP configuration settings and
operational state for the local side of port channel 1.
Console#show lacp 1 internal
Port channel: 1
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oper Key: 3
Admin Key: 0
Eth 1/ 2
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
LACPDUs Internal:
30 sec
LACP System Priority: 32768
LACP Port Priority:
Admin Key:
Oper Key:
32768
3
3
Admin State: defaulted, aggregation, long timeout, LACP-activity
Oper State:
distributing, collecting, synchronization,
aggregation, long timeout, LACP-activity
.
.
.
3-103
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