Product Manual
®
Constellation ES.1 SAS
Standard Models
Self-Encrypting Drive Models
ST2000NM0001
ST1000NM0001
ST500NM0001
ST2000NM0021
ST1000NM0021
ST500NM0021
SED FIPS140-2 Models
ST2000NM0041
ST1000NM0041
ST500NM0041
100650925
Rev. G
January 2013
Contents
Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Applicable standards and reference documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Electromagnetic compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Electromagnetic compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Reference documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
General description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Standard features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Media description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Reliability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Formatted capacities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Programmable drive capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Factory-installed options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Performance characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Internal drive characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Seek performance characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Access time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
General performance characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Start/stop time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Prefetch/multi-segmented cache control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Cache operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Caching write data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Prefetch operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Reliability specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Error rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Recoverable Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Unrecoverable Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Seek errors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Interface errors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Reliability and service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Preventive maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Hot plugging the drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
S.M.A.R.T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Thermal monitor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Drive Self Test (DST) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Product warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Physical/electrical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
6.1
PowerChoiceTM power management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
6.1.1 PowerChoice reporting methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
AC power requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
DC power requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
6.3.3
Conducted noise immunity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Power sequencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Current profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
i
Constellation ES.1 SAS Product Manual, Rev. G
Contents
Power dissipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Environmental limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Temperature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Relative humidity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Effective altitude (sea level) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Shock and vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Acoustics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Air cleanliness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Corrosive environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Electromagnetic susceptibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Mechanical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
About FIPS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
About self-encrypting drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Data encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Controlled access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Admin SP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Locking SP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Default password. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Random number generator (RNG). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Drive locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Data bands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Cryptographic erase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Authenticated firmware download. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Power requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Supported commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Sanitize - CRYPTOGRAPHIC ERASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
RevertSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Defect and error management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Drive internal defects/errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Drive error recovery procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
SAS system errors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Background Media Scan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Media Pre-Scan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Deferred Auto-Reallocation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Idle Read After Write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Protection Information (PI). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Levels of PI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Identifying a Protection Information drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Drive orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Drive mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Grounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Interface requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
SAS features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
task management functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
task management responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
11.3
Dual port support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
SCSI commands supported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
ii
Constellation ES.1 SAS Product Manual, Rev. G
Contents
Inquiry data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Mode Sense data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Miscellaneous operating features and conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
SAS physical interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Physical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Connector requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Electrical description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Pin descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
SAS transmitters and receivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Signal characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Ready LED Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Differential signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
11.7
SAS-2 Specification Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Additional information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
iii
Constellation ES.1 SAS Product Manual, Rev. G
FIGURES
2TB model current profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1TB model current profiles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
500GB model current profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Figure 10. Location of the HDA temperature check point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Figure 11. Recommended mounting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Figure 12. Mounting configuration dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Figure 13. Example of FIPS tamper evidence labels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Figure 14. Physical interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Figure 15. Air flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Figure 16. Physical interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Figure 17. SAS device plug dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Figure 18. SAS device plug dimensions (detail) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
IV
®
Seagate Technology Support Services
For information regarding online support and services, visit http://www.seagate.com/www/en-us/about/contact_us/
Available services include:
• Presales & Technical support
• Global Support Services telephone numbers & business hours
• Authorized Service Centers
For information regarding Warranty Support, visit http://www.seagate.com/support/warranty-and-returns/
For information regarding data recovery services, visit http://www.seagate.com/services-software/data-recovery-services/
Constellation ES.1 SAS Product Manual, Rev. G
1
1.0 SCOPE
®
This manual describes Seagate Technology® LLC, Constellation ES.1 Series SAS (Serial Attached SCSI) disk drives.
Constellation ES.1 drives support the SAS Protocol specifications to the extent described in this manual. The SAS Interface Manual (part
number 100293071) describes the general SAS characteristics of this and other Seagate SAS drives. The Self-Encrypting Drive Reference
Manual, part number 100515636, describes the interface, general operation, and security features available on Self-Encrypting Drive
models.
Product data communicated in this manual is specific only to the model numbers listed in this manual. The data listed in this manual may
not be predictive of future generation specifications or requirements. If you are designing a system which will use one of the models listed
or future generation products and need further assistance, please contact your Field Applications Engineer (FAE) or our global support
Unless otherwise stated, the information in this manual applies to standard and Self-Encrypting Drive models.
Model Number
ST2000NM0001
ST2000NM0021
ST2000NM0041
ST1000NM0001
ST1000NM0021
ST1000NM0041
ST500NM0001
ST500NM0021
ST500NM0041
Self-Encrypting Drive (SED)
FIPS 140-2 Level 2
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Note. Previous generations of Seagate Self-Encrypting Drive models were called Full Disk Encryption (FDE) models before a differ-
entiation between drive-based encryption and other forms of encryption was necessary.
Note. The Self-Encrypting Drive models indicated on the cover of this product manual have provisions for “Security of Data at Rest”
based on the standards defined by the Trusted Computing Group (see www.trustedcomputinggroup.org).
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
2
2.0
APPLICABLE STANDARDS AND REFERENCE DOCUMENTATION
The drives documented in this manual have been developed as system peripherals to the highest standards of design and construction.
The drives depends on host equipment to provide adequate power and environment for optimum performance and compliance with
applicable industry and governmental regulations. Special attention must be given in the areas of safety, power distribution, shielding,
audible noise control, and temperature regulation. In particular, the drive must be securely mounted to guarantee the specified
2.1
STANDARDS
The Constellation ES.1 family complies with Seagate standards as noted in the appropriate sections of this manual and the Seagate SAS
Interface Manual, part number 100293071.
The drives are recognized in accordance with UL 60950-1 as tested by UL, CSA 60950-1 as tested by CSA, and EN60950-1 as tested by
TUV.
The security features of Self-Encrypting Drive models are based on the “TCG Storage Architecture Core Specification” and the “TCG
Storage Workgroup Security Subsystem Class: Enterprise_A” specification with additional vendor-unique features as noted in this product
manual.
2.1.1
Electromagnetic compatibility
The drive, as delivered, is designed for system integration and installation into a suitable enclosure prior to use. The drive is supplied as a
subassembly and is not subject to Subpart B of Part 15 of the FCC Rules and Regulations nor the Radio Interference Regulations of the
Canadian Department of Communications.
The design characteristics of the drive serve to minimize radiation when installed in an enclosure that provides reasonable shielding. The
drive is capable of meeting the Class B limits of the FCC Rules and Regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications when
properly packaged; however, it is the user’s responsibility to assure that the drive meets the appropriate EMI requirements in their system.
Shielded I/O cables may be required if the enclosure does not provide adequate shielding. If the I/O cables are external to the enclosure,
shielded cables should be used, with the shields grounded to the enclosure and to the host controller.
2.1.1.1
Electromagnetic susceptibility
As a component assembly, the drive is not required to meet any susceptibility performance requirements. It is the responsibility of those
integrating the drive within their systems to perform those tests required and design their system to ensure that equipment operating in the
same system as the drive or external to the system does not adversely affect the performance of the drive. See Table 2, DC power
requirements.
2.1.2
Electromagnetic compliance
Seagate uses an independent laboratory to confirm compliance with the directives/standards for CE Marking and C-Tick Marking. The
drive was tested in a representative system for typical applications. The selected system represents the most popular characteristics for
test platforms. The system configurations include:
• Typical current use microprocessor
• Keyboard
• Monitor/display
• Printer
• Mouse
Although the test system with this Seagate model complies with the directives/standards, we cannot guarantee that all systems will comply.
The computer manufacturer or system integrator shall confirm EMC compliance and provide the appropriate marking for their product.
Electromagnetic compliance for the European Union
If this model has the CE Marking it complies with the European Union requirements of the Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive 2004/
108/EC as put into place on 20 July 2007.
Australian C-Tick
If this model has the C-Tick Marking it complies with the Australia/New Zealand Standard AS/NZ CISPR22 and meets the Electromagnetic
Compatibility (EMC) Framework requirements of Australia’s Spectrum Management Agency (SMA).
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
3
Korean KCC
If these drives have the Korean Communications Commission (KCC) logo, they comply with paragraph 1 of Article 11 of the
Electromagnetic Compatibility control Regulation and meet the Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Framework requirements of the
Radio Research Laboratory (RRL) Communications Commission, Republic of Korea.
These drives have been tested and comply with the Electromagnetic Interference/Electromagnetic Susceptibility (EMI/EMS) for Class B
products. Drives are tested in a representative, end-user system by a Korean-recognized lab.
• Family name:
Constellation ES
• Certificate number:
• Date of Certification:
STX-ST2000NM0001 (B)
22 December 2010
• Manufacturer/nationality: USA, Singapore and China
Taiwanese BSMI
If this model has two Chinese words meaning “EMC certification” followed by an eight digit identification number, as a Marking, it complies
with Chinese National Standard (CNS) 13438 and meets the Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Framework requirements of the
Taiwanese Bureau of Standards, Metrology, and Inspection (BSMI).
2.1.3
European Union Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)
The European Union Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive, restricts the presence of chemical substances, including
Lead, Cadmium, Mercury, Hexavalent Chromium, PBB and PBDE, in electronic products, effective July 2006. This drive is manufactured
with components and materials that comply with the RoHS Directive.
A number of parts and materials in Seagate products are procured from external suppliers. We rely on the representations of our suppliers
regarding the presence of RoHS substances in these parts and materials. Our supplier contracts require compliance with our chemical
substance restrictions, and our suppliers document their compliance with our requirements by providing material content declarations for
all parts and materials for the disk drives documented in this publication. Current supplier declarations include disclosure of the inclusion of
any RoHS-regulated substance in such parts or materials.
Seagate also has internal systems in place to ensure ongoing compliance with the RoHS Directive and all laws and regulations which
restrict chemical content in electronic products. These systems include standard operating procedures that ensure that restricted
substances are not utilized in our manufacturing operations, laboratory analytical validation testing, and an internal auditing process to
ensure that all standard operating procedures are complied with.
2.1.4
China Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive
This product has an Environmental Protection Use Period (EPUP) of 20 years. The following table contains information
mandated by China's "Marking Requirements for Control of Pollution Caused by Electronic Information Products" Standard.
"O" indicates the hazardous and toxic substance content of the part (at the homogenous material level) is lower than the threshold defined
by the China RoHS MCV Standard.
"X" indicates the hazardous and toxic substance content of the part (at the homogenous material level) is over the threshold defined by the
China RoHS MCV Standard.
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
4
2.2
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
SAS Interface Manual
Seagate part number: 100293071
SCSI Commands Reference Manual
Seagate part number: 100293068
Self-Encrypting Drives Reference Manual
Seagate part number: 100515636
ANSI SAS Documents
SFF-8323 3.5” Drive Form Factor with Serial Connector
SFF-8460 HSS Backplane Design Guidelines
SFF-8470 Multi Lane Copper Connector
SFF-8482 SAS Plug Connector
ANSI INCITS.xxxSerial Attached SCSI (SAS) Standard (T10/1562-D)
ISO/IEC 14776-xxxSCSI Architecture Model-3 (SAM-3) Standard (T10/1561-D)
ISO/IEC 14776-xxxSCSI Primary Commands-3 (SPC-3) Standard (T10/1416-D)
ISO/IEC 14776-xxxSCSI Block Commands-2 (SBC-2) Standard (T10/1417-D)
ANSI Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) Documents
X3.270-1996(SCSI-3) Architecture Model
Trusted Computing Group (TCG) Documents (apply to Self-Encrypting Drive models only)
TCG Storage Architecture Core Specification, Rev. 1.0
TCG Storage Security Subsystem Class Enterprise Specification, Rev. 1.0
Specification for Acoustic Test Requirement and Procedures
Seagate part number: 30553-001
In case of conflict between this document and any referenced document, this document takes precedence.
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
5
3.0
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Constellation ES.1 drives provide high performance, high capacity data storage for a variety of systems including engineering
workstations, network servers, mainframes, and supercomputers. The Serial Attached SCSI interface is designed to meet next-generation
computing demands for performance, scalability, flexibility and high-density storage requirements.
Constellation ES.1 drives are random access storage devices designed to support the Serial Attached SCSI Protocol as described in the
ANSI specifications, this document, and the SAS Interface Manual (part number 100293071) which describes the general interface
characteristics of this drive. Constellation ES.1 drives are classified as intelligent peripherals and provide level 2 conformance (highest
level) with the ANSI SCSI-1 standard. The SAS connectors, cables and electrical interface are compatible with Serial ATA (SATA), giving
future users the choice of populating their systems with either SAS or SATA hard disk drives. This allows you to continue to leverage your
existing investment in SCSI while gaining a 6Gb/s serial data transfer rate.
The Self-Encrypting Drive models indicated on the cover of this product manual have provisions for “Security of Data at Rest” based on the
standards defined by the Trusted Computing Group (see www.trustedcomputinggroup.org).
The head and disk assembly (HDA) is sealed at the factory. Air recirculates within the HDA through a non-replaceable filter to maintain a
contamination-free HDA environment.
Note. Never disassemble the HDA and do not attempt to service items in the sealed enclosure (heads, media, actuator, etc.) as this
requires special facilities. The drive does not contain user-replaceable parts. Opening the HDA for any reason voids your war-
ranty.
Constellation ES.1 drives use a dedicated load/unload zone at the outermost radius of the media to eliminate the possibility of destroying
or degrading data by landing in the data zone. The heads automatically go to the ramp load/unload when power is removed from the drive.
An automatic shipping lock prevents potential damage to the heads and discs that results from movement during shipping and handling.
The shipping lock disengages and the head load process begins when power is applied to the drive.
Constellation ES.1 drives decode track 0 location data from the servo data embedded on each surface to eliminate mechanical transducer
adjustments and related reliability concerns.
The drives also use a high-performance actuator assembly with a low-inertia, balanced, patented, straight arm design that provides
excellent performance with minimal power dissipation.
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
6
3.1
STANDARD FEATURES
Constellation ES.1 drives have the following standard features:
• Perpendicular recording technology
• 1.5 / 3 / 6 Gb Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) interface
• Integrated dual port SAS controller supporting the SCSI protocol
• Support for SAS expanders and fanout adapters
• Firmware downloadable using the SAS interface
• 128 - deep task set (queue)
• Supports up to 32 initiators
• Jumperless configuration.
• User-selectable logical block size (512, 520 or 528 bytes per logical block).
• Industry standard 3.5-inch dimensions
• Programmable logical block reallocation scheme
• Flawed logical block reallocation at format time
• Programmable auto write and read reallocation
• Reallocation of defects on command (Post Format)
• ECC maximum burst correction length of 400 bits
• No preventive maintenance or adjustments required
• Embedded servo design
• Dedicated head load/unload zone
• Self diagnostics performed when power is applied to the drive
• Vertical, horizontal, or top down mounting
• Drive Self Test (DST)
• Background Media Scan (BMS)
• Idle Read After Write (IRAW)
• Power Save
Constellation ES.1 SAS Self-Encrypting Drive models have the following additional features:
• Automatic data encryption/decryption
• Controlled access
• Random number generator
• Drive locking
• 16 independent data bands
• Cryptographic erase of user data for a drive that will be repurposed or scrapped
• Authenticated firmware download
3.2
MEDIA DESCRIPTION
The media used on the drive has a aluminum substrate coated with a thin film magnetic material, overcoated with a proprietary protective
layer for improved durability and environmental protection.
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
7
3.3
PERFORMANCE
• Programmable multi-segmentable cache buffer
• 600MB/s maximum instantaneous data transfers.
• 7200 RPM spindle. Average latency = 4.16ms
• Background processing of queue
• Supports start and stop commands (spindle stops spinning)
• Adaptive seek velocity; improved seek performance
Note. There is no significant performance difference between Self-Encrypting Drive and standard (non-Self-Encrypting Drive) mod-
els.
3.4
RELIABILITY
• Annualized Failure Rate (AFR) of 0.73%
• Mean time between failures (MTBF) of 1,200,000 hours
• Balanced low mass rotary voice coil actuator
• Incorporates industry-standard Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.)
• 5-year warranty
3.5
FORMATTED CAPACITIES
Standard OEM models are formatted to 512 bytes per block. The block size is selectable at format time and must be a multiple of 4 bytes.
Users having the necessary equipment may modify the data block size before issuing a format command and obtain different formatted
capacities than those listed.
To provide a stable target capacity environment and at the same time provide users with flexibility if they choose, Seagate recommends
product planning in one of two modes:
1. Seagate designs specify capacity points at certain block sizes that Seagate guarantees current and future products will meet. We rec-
ommend customers use this capacity in their project planning, as it ensures a stable operating point with backward and forward com-
patibility from generation to generation. The current guaranteed operating points for this product are:
Table 1
Capacity (Blocks)
Sector Size ST2000NM0001
ST2000NM0021
ST1000NM0001
ST1000NM0021
ST1000NM0041
ST500NM0001
ST500NM0021
ST500NM0041
ST2000NM0041
Decimal
Hex
Decimal
Hex
Decimal
Hex
512
520
528
3,907,029,168
3,824,358,992
3,719,165,192
E8E088B0
E3F31650
DDADF508
1,953,525,168
1,923,076,936
1,876,331,336
74706DB0
729FD348
6FD68B48
976,773,168
961,538,472
938,165,672
3A386030
394FE9A8
37EB45A8
3.6
PROGRAMMABLE DRIVE CAPACITY
Using the Mode Select command, the drive can change its capacity to something less than maximum. See the Mode Select (6) parameter
list table in the SAS Interface Manual, part number 100293071. A value of zero in the Number of Blocks field indicates that the drive will not
change the capacity it is currently formatted to have. A number other than zero and less than the maximum number of LBAs in the Number
of Blocks field changes the total drive capacity to the value in the Number of Blocks field. A value greater than the maximum number of
LBAs is rounded down to the maximum capacity.
3.7
FACTORY-INSTALLED OPTIONS
You may order the following items which are incorporated at the manufacturing facility during production or packaged before shipping.
Some of the options available are (not an exhaustive list of possible options):
• Other capacities can be ordered depending on sparing scheme and sector size requested.
• Single-unit shipping pack. The drive is normally shipped in bulk packaging to provide maximum protection against transit damage. Units
shipped individually require additional protection as provided by the single unit shipping pack. Users planning single unit distribution
should specify this option.
• The Safety and Regulatory Agency Specifications, part number 75789512, is usually included with each standard OEM drive shipped,
but extra copies may be ordered.
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
8
4.0
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
This section provides detailed information concerning performance-related characteristics and features of Constellation ES.1 drives.
4.1
INTERNAL DRIVE CHARACTERISTICS
ST2000NM0001
ST1000NM0001
ST1000NM0021
ST1000NM0041
1TB
ST500NM0001
ST500NM0021
ST500NM0041
500GB
ST2000NM0021
ST2000NM0041
2TB
Drive capacity
(formatted, rounded off value)
Read/write data heads
Bytes per track
Bytes per surface
Tracks per surface (total)
Tracks per inch
8
4
2
1,012,608
250,000
248,600
237,000
1,523,000
324
1,012,608
250,000
248,600
237,000
1,523,000
324
1,012,608
250,000
248,600
237,000
1,523,000
324
Bytes (average, rounded off values)
MB (unformatted, rounded off value)
Tracks (user accessible)
TPI (average)
Peak bits per inch
Areal density
BPI
2
Gb/in
Internal data rate
Disk rotation speed
Avg rotational latency
95 - 212
7200
4.16
95 - 212
7200
4.16
95 - 212
7200
4.16
MB/s (variable with zone)
rpm
ms
4.2
SEEK PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
See Section 11.4.1, "SAS physical interface" on page 53 and the SAS Interface Manual (part number 100293071) for additional timing
details.
4.2.1
Access time
1 2
1, 2
Not including controller overhead , (ms)
Including controller overhead
(ms)
Read
8.3
Write
9.3
Read
8.5
Write
9.5
3,4
3,4
3,4
Average
Typical
Single track Typical
0.5
0.8
0.7
1.0
Full stroke Typical
18
19
18.2
19.2
1.
2.
3.
Execution time measured from receipt of the Command to the Response.
Assumes no errors and no sector has been relocated.
Typical access times are measured under nominal conditions of temperature, voltage, and horizontal orientation as
measured on a representative sample of drives.
4.
Access time = controller overhead + average seek time and applies to all data transfer commands.
Access to data = access time + latency time.
4.2.2
Format command execution time for 512-byte sectors (minutes)
2TB models
627
1TB models
345
500GB models
Maximum (with verify)
173
86
Maximum (without verify)
314
173
Execution time measured from receipt of the last byte of the Command Descriptor Block (CDB) to the request for a Status Byte Transfer to
the Initiator (excluding connect/disconnect).
When changing sector sizes, the format times shown above may need to be increased by 30 minutes.
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
9
4.2.3
General performance characteristics
Minimum sector interleave
1 to 1
Data buffer to/from disk media (one 512-byte logical block)*
Sustained transfer rate
95 to 212 MB/s
62 to 152 MB/s
SAS Interface maximum instantaneous transfer rate
600MB/s* per port
(dual port = 1200MB/s*)
Logical block sizes
512 (default), 520 or 528.
Read/write consecutive sectors on a track
Yes
Flaw reallocation performance impact (for flaws reallocated at format time using the spare sectors per sparing Negligible
zone reallocation scheme.)
Average rotational latency
4.16ms
*Assumes no errors and no relocated logical blocks. Rate measured from the start of the first logical block transfer to or from the host.
4.3
START/STOP TIME
The drive accepts the commands listed in the SAS Interface Manual less than 3 seconds after DC power has been applied.
If the drive receives a NOTIFY (ENABLE SPINUP) primitive through either port and has not received a START STOP UNIT command with
the START bit equal to 0, the drive becomes ready for normal operations within 30 seconds (excluding the error recovery procedure).
If the drive receives a START STOP UNIT command with the START bit equal to 0 before receiving a NOTIFY (ENABLE SPINUP)
primitive, the drive waits for a START STOP UNIT command with the START bit equal to 1. After receiving a START STOP UNIT command
with the START bit equal to 1, the drive waits for a NOTIFY (ENABLE SPINUP) primitive. After receiving a NOTIFY (ENABLE SPINUP)
primitive through either port, the drive becomes ready for normal operations within 30 seconds (excluding the error recovery procedure).
If the drive receives a START STOP UNIT command with the START bit and IMMED bit equal to 1 and does not receive a NOTIFY
(ENABLE SPINUP) primitive within 5 seconds, the drive fails the START STOP UNIT command.
The START STOP UNIT command may be used to command the drive to stop the spindle. Stop time is 20 seconds (maximum) from
removal of DC power. SCSI stop time is 20 seconds. There is no power control switch on the drive.
4.4
PREFETCH/MULTI-SEGMENTED CACHE CONTROL
The drive provides a prefetch (read look-ahead) and multi-segmented cache control algorithms that in many cases can enhance system
performance. Cache refers to the drive buffer storage space when it is used in cache operations. To select this feature, the host sends the
Mode Select command with the proper values in the applicable bytes in page 08h. Prefetch and cache operations are independent
features from the standpoint that each is enabled and disabled independently using the Mode Select command; however, in actual
All default cache and prefetch mode parameter values (Mode Page 08h) for standard OEM versions of this drive family are given in Table
4.5
CACHE OPERATION
Note. Refer to the SAS Interface Manual for more detail concerning the cache bits.
Of the 64MB physical buffer space in the drive, approximately 30,000 kbytes can be used as a cache. The buffer is divided into logical
segments from which data is read and to which data is written.
The drive keeps track of the logical block addresses of the data stored in each segment of the buffer. If the cache is enabled (see RCD bit
in the SAS Interface Manual), data requested by the host with a read command is retrieved from the buffer, if possible, before any disk
access is initiated. If cache operation is not enabled, the buffer is still used, but only as circular buffer segments during disk medium read
operations (disregarding Prefetch operation for the moment). That is, the drive does not check in the buffer segments for the requested
read data, but goes directly to the medium to retrieve it. The retrieved data merely passes through some buffer segment on the way to the
host. All data transfers to the host are in accordance with buffer-full ratio rules. See the explanation provided with the information about
Mode Page 02h (disconnect/reconnect control) in the SAS Interface Manual.
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
10
The following is a simplified description of the prefetch/cache operation:
Case A—read command is received and all of the requested logical blocks are already in the cache:
1. Drive transfers the requested logical blocks to the initiator.
Case B—A Read command requests data, and at least one requested logical block is not in any segment of the cache:
1. The drive fetches the requested logical blocks from the disk and transfers them into a segment, and then from there to the host in
accordance with the Mode Select Disconnect/Reconnect parameters, page 02h.
Each cache segment is actually a self-contained circular buffer whose length is an integer number of logical blocks. The drive dynamically
creates and removes segments based on the workload. The wrap-around capability of the individual segments greatly enhances the
cache’s overall performance.
Note. The size of each segment is not reported by Mode Sense command page 08h, bytes 14 and 15. The value 0XFFFF is always
reported regardless of the actual size of the segment. Sending a size specification using the Mode Select command (bytes 14
and 15) does not set up a new segment size. If the STRICT bit in Mode page 00h (byte 2, bit 1) is set to one, the drive
responds as it does for any attempt to change an unchangeable parameter.
4.5.1
Caching write data
Write caching is a write operation by the drive that makes use of a drive buffer storage area where the data to be written to the medium is
stored while the drive performs the Write command.
If read caching is enabled (RCD=0), then data written to the medium is retained in the cache to be made available for future read cache
hits. The same buffer space and segmentation is used as set up for read functions. The buffer segmentation scheme is set up or changed
independently, having nothing to do with the state of RCD. When a write command is issued, if RCD=0, the cache is first checked to see if
any logical blocks that are to be written are already stored in the cache from a previous read or write command. If there are, the respective
cache segments are cleared. The new data is cached for subsequent Read commands.
If the number of write data logical blocks exceed the size of the segment being written into, when the end of the segment is reached, the
data is written into the beginning of the same cache segment, overwriting the data that was written there at the beginning of the operation;
however, the drive does not overwrite data that has not yet been written to the medium.
If write caching is enabled (WCE=1), then the drive may return Good status on a write command after the data has been transferred into
the cache, but before the data has been written to the medium. If an error occurs while writing the data to the medium, and Good status
has already been returned, a deferred error will be generated.
The Synchronize Cache command may be used to force the drive to write all cached write data to the medium. Upon completion of a
mode default settings for the drive.
4.5.2
Prefetch operation
If the Prefetch feature is enabled, data in contiguous logical blocks on the disk immediately beyond that which was requested by a Read
command are retrieved and stored in the buffer for immediate transfer from the buffer to the host on subsequent Read commands that
request those logical blocks (this is true even if cache operation is disabled). Though the prefetch operation uses the buffer as a cache,
finding the requested data in the buffer is a prefetch hit, not a cache operation hit.
To enable Prefetch, use Mode Select page 08h, byte 12, bit 5 (Disable Read Ahead - DRA bit). DRA bit = 0 enables prefetch.
The drive does not use the Max Prefetch field (bytes 8 and 9) or the Prefetch Ceiling field (bytes 10 and 11).
When prefetch (read look-ahead) is enabled (enabled by DRA = 0), the drive enables prefetch of contiguous blocks from the disk when it
senses that a prefetch hit will likely occur. The drive disables prefetch when it decides that a prefetch hit is not likely to occur.
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
11
5.0
RELIABILITY SPECIFICATIONS
The following reliability specifications assume correct host and drive operational interface, including all interface timings, power supply
voltages, environmental requirements and drive mounting constraints.
Seek error rate:
Less than 10 errors in 108 seeks
1
Read Error Rates
Recovered Data
Unrecovered Data
Miscorrected Data
Less than 10 errors in 1012 bits transferred (OEM default settings)
Less than 1 sector in 1015 bits transferred
Less than 1 sector in 1021 bits transferred
Less than 1 error in 1012 bits transferred
1,200,000 hours
Interface error rate:
Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF):
Annualized Failure Rate (AFR):
Preventive maintenance:
0.73%
None required
1.
Error rate specified with automatic retries and data correction with ECC enabled and all flaws reallocated.
5.1
ERROR RATES
The error rates stated in this manual assume the following:
• The drive is operated in accordance with this manual using DC power as defined in paragraph 6.3, "DC power requirements."
• Errors caused by host system failures are excluded from error rate computations.
• Assume random data.
• Default OEM error recovery settings are applied. This includes AWRE, ARRE, full read retries, full write retries and full retry time.
5.1.1
Recoverable Errors
Recoverable errors are those detected and corrected by the drive, and do not require user intervention.
Recoverable Data errors will use correction, although ECC on-the-fly is not considered for purposes of recovered error specifications.
Recovered Data error rate is determined using read bits transferred for recoverable errors occurring during a read, and using write bits
transferred for recoverable errors occurring during a write.
5.1.2
Unrecoverable Errors
An unrecoverable data error is defined as a failure of the drive to recover data from the media. These errors occur due to head/media or
write problems. Unrecoverable data errors are only detected during read operations, but not caused by the read. If an unrecoverable data
error is detected, a MEDIUM ERROR (03h) in the Sense Key will be reported. Multiple unrecoverable data errors resulting from the same
cause are treated as 1 error.
5.1.3
Seek errors
A seek error is defined as a failure of the drive to position the heads to the addressed track. After detecting an initial seek error, the drive
automatically performs an error recovery process. If the error recovery process fails, a seek positioning error (Error code = 15h or 02h) will
8
be reported with a Hardware error (04h) in the Sense Key. Recoverable seek errors are specified at Less than 10 errors in 10 seeks.
Unrecoverable seek errors (Sense Key = 04h) are classified as drive failures.
5.1.4
Interface errors
An interface error is defined as a failure of the receiver on a port to recover the data as transmitted by the device port connected to the
receiver. The error may be detected as a running disparity error, illegal code, loss of word sync, or CRC error.
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
12
5.2
RELIABILITY AND SERVICE
temperature measurements and other information that may be used to enhance the service life of the drive. Section 10.2 provides
recommended air-flow information.
5.2.1
Annualized Failure Rate (AFR) and Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF)
The production disk drive shall achieve an AFR of 0.73% (MTBF of 1,200,000 hours) when operated in an environment that ensures the
HDA case temperatures do not exceed the values specified in Section 6.5. Operation at case temperatures outside the specifications in
The AFR (MTBF) specification is based on the following assumptions for Enterprise Storage System environments:
• 8,760 power-on hours per year.
• 250 average on/off cycles per year.
• Operations at nominal voltages.
• Systems will provide adequate cooling to ensure the case temperatures specified in Section 6.5 are not exceeded. Temperatures outside
5.2.2
Preventive maintenance
No routine scheduled preventive maintenance is required.
5.2.3
Hot plugging the drive
When a disk is powered on by switching the power or hot plugged, the drive runs a self test before attempting to communicate on its’
interfaces. When the self test completes successfully, the drive initiates a Link Reset starting with OOB. An attached device should
respond to the link reset. If the link reset attempt fails, or any time the drive looses sync, the drive initiated link reset. The drive will initiate
link reset once per second but alternates between port A and B. Therefore each port will attempt a link reset once per 2 seconds assuming
both ports are out of sync.
If the self-test fails, the drive does not respond to link reset on the failing port.
Note. It is the responsibility of the systems integrator to assure that no temperature, energy, voltage hazard, or ESD potential hazard
is presented during the hot connect/disconnect operation. Discharge the static electricity from the drive carrier prior to insert-
ing it into the system.
Caution. The drive motor must come to a complete stop prior to changing the plane of operation. This time is required to insure data
integrity.
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
13
5.2.4
S.M.A.R.T.
S.M.A.R.T. is an acronym for Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology. This technology is intended to recognize conditions that
indicate imminent drive failure and is designed to provide sufficient warning of a failure to allow you to back up the data before an actual
failure occurs.
Note. The drive’s firmware monitors specific attributes for degradation over time but can’t predict instantaneous drive failures.
Each monitored attribute has been selected to monitor a specific set of failure conditions in the operating performance of the drive and the
thresholds are optimized to minimize “false” and “failed” predictions.
Controlling S.M.A.R.T.
The operating mode of S.M.A.R.T. is controlled by the DEXCPT and PERF bits on the Informational Exceptions Control mode page (1Ch).
Use the DEXCPT bit to enable or disable the S.M.A.R.T. feature. Setting the DEXCPT bit disables all S.M.A.R.T. functions. When enabled,
S.M.A.R.T. collects on-line data as the drive performs normal read and write operations. When the PERF bit is set, the drive is considered
to be in “On-line Mode Only” and will not perform off-line functions.
You can measure off-line attributes and force the drive to save the data by using the Rezero Unit command. Forcing S.M.A.R.T. resets the
timer so that the next scheduled interrupt is in one hour.
You can interrogate the drive through the host to determine the time remaining before the next scheduled measurement and data logging
process occurs. To accomplish this, issue a Log Sense command to log page 0x3E. This allows you to control when S.M.A.R.T.
interruptions occur. Forcing S.M.A.R.T. with the RTZ command resets the timer.
Performance impact
S.M.A.R.T. attribute data is saved to the disk so that the events that caused a predictive failure can be recreated. The drive measures and
saves parameters once every one hour subject to an idle period on the drive interfaces. The process of measuring off-line attribute data
and saving data to the disk is interruptable. The maximum on-line only processing delay is summarized below:
Table 2
Maximum processing delay
On-line only delay
DEXCPT = 0, PERF = 1
Fully-enabled delay
DEXCPT = 0, PERF = 0
S.M.A.R.T. delay times
Reporting control
233 ms
560 ms
Reporting is controlled by the MRIE bits in the Informational Exceptions Control mode page (1Ch). An example, if the MRIE is set to one,
the firmware will issue to the host an 01-5D00 sense code. The FRU field contains the type of predictive failure that occurred. The error
code is preserved through bus resets and power cycles.
Determining rate
S.M.A.R.T. monitors the rate at which errors occur and signals a predictive failure if the rate of degraded errors increases to an
unacceptable level. To determine rate, error events are logged and compared to the number of total operations for a given attribute. The
interval defines the number of operations over which to measure the rate. The counter that keeps track of the current number of operations
is referred to as the Interval Counter.
S.M.A.R.T. measures error rates. All errors for each monitored attribute are recorded. A counter keeps track of the number of errors for the
current interval. This counter is referred to as the Failure Counter.
Error rate is the number of errors per operation. The algorithm that S.M.A.R.T. uses to record rates of error is to set thresholds for the
number of errors and their interval. If the number of errors exceeds the threshold before the interval expires, the error rate is considered to
be unacceptable. If the number of errors does not exceed the threshold before the interval expires, the error rate is considered to be
acceptable. In either case, the interval and failure counters are reset and the process starts over.
Predictive failures
S.M.A.R.T. signals predictive failures when the drive is performing unacceptably for a period of time. The firmware keeps a running count
of the number of times the error rate for each attribute is unacceptable. To accomplish this, a counter is incremented each time the error
rate is unacceptable and decremented (not to exceed zero) whenever the error rate is acceptable. If the counter continually increments
such that it reaches the predictive threshold, a predictive failure is signaled. This counter is referred to as the Failure History Counter.
There is a separate Failure History Counter for each attribute.
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
14
5.2.5
Thermal monitor
Constellation ES.1 drives implement a temperature warning system which:
1. Signals the host if the temperature exceeds a value which would threaten the drive.
2. Signals the host if the temperature exceeds a user-specified value.
3. Saves a S.M.A.R.T. data frame on the drive which exceeds the threatening temperature value.
A temperature sensor monitors the drive temperature and issues a warning over the interface when the temperature exceeds a set
threshold. The temperature is measured at power-up and then at ten-minute intervals after power-up.
The thermal monitor system generates a warning code of 01-0B01 when the temperature exceeds the specified limit in compliance with
the SCSI standard. The drive temperature is reported in the FRU code field of mode sense data. You can use this information to determine
if the warning is due to the temperature exceeding the drive threatening temperature or the user-specified temperature.
This feature is controlled by the Enable Warning (EWasc) bit, and the reporting mechanism is controlled by the Method of Reporting
Informational Exceptions field (MRIE) on the Informational Exceptions Control (IEC) mode page (1Ch).
The current algorithm implements two temperature trip points. The first trip point is set at 65°C which is the maximum temperature limit
according to the drive specification. The second trip point is user-selectable using the Log Select command. The reference temperature
parameter in the temperature log page (see Table 1) can be used to set this trip point. The default value for this drive is 65°C, however, you
can set it to any value in the range of 0 to 65°C. If you specify a temperature greater than 65°C in this field, the temperature is rounded
down to 65°C. A sense code is sent to the host to indicate the rounding of the parameter field.
Table 1:
Temperature Log Page (0Dh)
Parameter Code
0000h
Description
Primary Temperature
Reference Temperature
0001h
5.2.6
Drive Self Test (DST)
Drive Self Test (DST) is a technology designed to recognize drive fault conditions that qualify the drive as a failed unit. DST validates the
functionality of the drive at a system level.
There are two test coverage options implemented in DST:
1. Extended test
2. Short test
The most thorough option is the extended test that performs various tests on the drive and scans every logical block address (LBA) of the
drive. The short test is time-restricted and limited in length—it does not scan the entire media surface, but does some fundamental tests
and scans portions of the media.
If DST encounters an error during either of these tests, it reports a fault condition. If the drive fails the test, remove it from service and
return it to Seagate for service.
5.2.6.1
DST failure definition
The drive will present a “diagnostic failed” condition through the self-tests results value of the diagnostic log page if a functional failure is
encountered during DST. The channel and servo parameters are not modified to test the drive more stringently, and the number of retries
are not reduced. All retries and recovery processes are enabled during the test. If data is recoverable, no failure condition will be reported
regardless of the number of retries required to recover the data.
The following conditions are considered DST failure conditions:
• Seek error after retries are exhausted
• Track-follow error after retries are exhausted
• Read error after retries are exhausted
• Write error after retries are exhausted
Recovered errors will not be reported as diagnostic failures.
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
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5.2.6.2
Implementation
This section provides all of the information necessary to implement the DST function on this drive.
5.2.6.2.1
State of the drive prior to testing
The drive must be in a ready state before issuing the Send Diagnostic command. There are multiple reasons why a drive may not be ready,
some of which are valid conditions, and not errors. For example, a drive may be in process of doing a format, or another DST. It is the
responsibility of the host application to determine the “not ready” cause.
While not technically part of DST, a Not Ready condition also qualifies the drive to be returned to Seagate as a failed drive.
A Drive Not Ready condition is reported by the drive under the following conditions:
• Motor will not spin
• Motor will not lock to speed
• Servo will not lock on track
• Drive cannot read configuration tables from the disk
In these conditions, the drive responds to a Test Unit Ready command with an 02/04/00 or 02/04/03 code.
5.2.6.2.2
Invoking DST
To invoke DST, submit the Send Diagnostic command with the appropriate Function Code (001b for the short test or 010b for the extended
test) in bytes 1, bits 5, 6, and 7.
5.2.6.2.3
Short and extended tests
DST has two testing options:
1. short
2. extended
These testing options are described in the following two subsections.
Each test consists of three segments: an electrical test segment, a servo test segment, and a read/verify scan segment.
Short test (Function Code: 001b)
The purpose of the short test is to provide a time-limited test that tests as much of the drive as possible within 120 seconds. The short test
does not scan the entire media surface, but does some fundamental tests and scans portions of the media. A complete read/verify scan is
not performed and only factual failures will report a fault condition. This option provides a quick confidence test of the drive.
Extended test (Function Code: 010b)
The objective of the extended test option is to empirically test critical drive components. For example, the seek tests and on-track
operations test the positioning mechanism. The read operation tests the read head element and the media surface. The write element is
tested through read/write/read operations. The integrity of the media is checked through a read/verify scan of the media. Motor
functionality is tested by default as a part of these tests.
The anticipated length of the Extended test is reported through the Control Mode page.
5.2.6.2.4
Log page entries
When the drive begins DST, it creates a new entry in the Self-test Results Log page. The new entry is created by inserting a new self-test
parameter block at the beginning of the self-test results log parameter section of the log page. Existing data will be moved to make room
for the new parameter block. The drive reports 20 parameter blocks in the log page. If there are more than 20 parameter blocks, the least
recent parameter block will be deleted. The new parameter block will be initialized as follows:
1. The Function Code field is set to the same value as sent in the DST command
2. The Self-Test Results Value field is set to Fh
3. The drive will store the log page to non-volatile memory
After a self-test is complete or has been aborted, the drive updates the Self-Test Results Value field in its Self-Test Results Log page in
non-volatile memory. The host may use Log Sense to read the results from up to the last 20 self-tests performed by the drive. The self-test
results value is a 4-bit field that reports the results of the test. If the field is set to zero, the drive passed with no errors detected by the DST.
If the field is not set to zero, the test failed for the reason reported in the field.
The drive will report the failure condition and LBA (if applicable) in the Self-test Results Log parameter. The Sense key, ASC, ASCQ, and
FRU are used to report the failure condition.
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
16
5.2.6.2.5
Abort
There are several ways to abort a diagnostic. You can use a SCSI Bus Reset or a Bus Device Reset message to abort the diagnostic.
You can abort a DST executing in background mode by using the abort code in the DST Function Code field. This will cause a 01 (self-test
aborted by the application client) code to appear in the self-test results values log. All other abort mechanisms will be reported as a 02
(self-test routine was interrupted by a reset condition).
5.2.7
Product warranty
Beginning on the date of shipment to the customer and continuing for the period specified in your purchase contract, Seagate warrants that
each product (including components and subassemblies) that fails to function properly under normal use due to defect in materials or
workmanship or due to nonconformance to the applicable specifications will be repaired or replaced, at Seagate’s option and at no charge
to the customer, if returned by customer at customer’s expense to Seagate’s designated facility in accordance with Seagate’s warranty
procedure. Seagate will pay for transporting the repair or replacement item to the customer. For more detailed warranty information, refer
to the standard terms and conditions of purchase for Seagate products on your purchase documentation.
The remaining warranty for a particular drive can be determined by calling Seagate Customer Service at 1-800-468-3472. You can also
warranty information.
Shipping
When transporting or shipping a drive, use only a Seagate-approved container. Keep your original box. Seagate approved containers are
easily identified by the Seagate Approved Package label. Shipping a drive in a non-approved container voids the drive warranty.
Seagate repair centers may refuse receipt of components improperly packaged or obviously damaged in transit. Contact your authorized
Seagate distributor to purchase additional boxes. Seagate recommends shipping by an air-ride carrier experienced in handling computer
equipment.
Storage
The maximum recommended storage period for the drive in a non-operational environment is 90 days. Drives should be stored in the
original unopened Seagate shipping packaging whenever possible. Once the drive is removed from the Seagate original packaging the
recommended maximum period between drive operation cycles is 30 days. During any storage period the drive non-operational
temperature, humidity, wet bulb, atmospheric conditions, shock, vibration, magnetic and electrical field specifications should be followed.
Product repair and return information
Seagate customer service centers are the only facilities authorized to service Seagate drives. Seagate does not sanction any third-party
repair facilities. Any unauthorized repair or tampering with the factory seal voids the warranty.
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
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6.0
PHYSICAL/ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS
This section provides information relating to the physical and electrical characteristics of the drive.
TM
6.1
POWERCHOICE POWER MANAGEMENT
Drives using the load/unload architecture provide programmable power management to tailor systems for performance and greater energy
efficiency.
The table below lists the supported PowerChoice modes. The further you go down in the table, the more power savings you get. For
example, Idle2 mode results in greater power savings than Idle1 mode. Standby mode results in the greatest power savings.
PowerChoice modes
Mode
Description
Idle_A
Reduced electronics
Idle_B
Heads unloaded. Disks spinning at full RPM
Heads unloaded. Disks spinning at reduced RPM
Idle_C
Standby_Y
Heads unloaded. Disks spinning at reduced RPM.
Recovery requires the NOTIFY (Enable Spinup) command.
Standby_Z
Heads unloaded. Motor stopped (disks not spinning)
Recovery requires the NOTIFY (Enable Spinup) command.
PowerChoiceTM can be invoked using one of these two methods:
• Power Condition mode page method—Enable and initialize the idle condition timers and/or the standby condition timers. The timer val-
ues are based on the values set in the Power Condition mode page.
• START STOP UNIT command method—Use the START STOP UNIT command (OPERATION CODE 1Bh). This allows the host to
directly transition the drive to any supported PowerChoice mode.
If both the Power Condition mode page and START STOP UNIT command methods are used, the START STOP UNIT command request
takes precedence over the Power Condition mode page power control and may disable the idle condition and standby condition timers.
The REQUEST SENSE command reports the current PowerChoice state if active and also the method by which the drive entered the
PowerChoice state.
When the drive receives a command, all power condition timers are suspended if they were enabled via the Power Condition mode page.
Once all outstanding commands are processed, the power condition timers are reinitialized to the values defined in the Power Condition
mode page.
6.1.1
PowerChoice reporting methods
PowerChoiceTM provides these reporting methods for tracking purposes:
Request Sense command reports
• Current power condition
• Method of entry
Note. Processing the Request Sense command does not impact the drive’s power save state.
Mode Sense command reports (mode page 0x1A)
• Idle conditions enabled / disabled
• Idle condition timer values (100ms increments) (default, saved, current, changeable)
Power Condition Vital Product Data (VPD) Page (VPD page 0x8A)
• Supported power conditions
• Typical recovery time from power conditions (1ms increments)
Start/Stop Cycle Counter Log Page reports (log page 0x0E)
• Specified and accumulated Start/Stops and Load/Unload cycles
Power Condition Transitions Log Page reports (log page 0x1A, subpage 0x00)
• Accumulated transitions to Active, Idle_A, Idle_B, Idle_C, Standby_Y, Standby_Z
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
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6.2
AC POWER REQUIREMENTS
DC POWER REQUIREMENTS
None.
6.3
The voltage and current requirements for a single drive are shown below. Values indicated apply at the drive connector.
The standard drive models and the SED drive models have identical hardware, however the security and encryption portion of the drive
controller ASIC is enabled and functional in the SED models. This represents a small additional drain on the 5V supply of about 30mA and
a commensurate increase of about 150mW in power consumption. There is no additional drain on the 12V supply.
Table 2 2TB drive (Standard & SED model) DC power requirements
3.0Gb mode
(Amps)
6.0Gb mode
(Amps)
Notes
Voltage
+5V
±5%
0.24
+12V [4]
+5V
±5%
0.25
+12V [4]
Regulation
[5]
±5% [2]
0.43
±5% [2]
0.37
Avg idle current DCX
Advanced idle current
Idle_A
[1] [7]
0.36
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.42
0.37
0.20
0.02
0.36
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.42
0.37
0.20
0.02
Idle_B
Idle_C/ Standby_Y
Standby_Z
Transition current
Idle_A - Active
Idle_B - Active
0.62
0.76
0.62
0.86
1.62
1.57
2.41
2.71
0.62
0.60
0.60
0.98
1.64
1.57
2.39
2.73
Idle_C - Active
Standby - Active
Maximum starting current
(peak DC) DC
3s
3s
3s
[5]
0.62
0.86
0.41
2.11
2.70
0.02
0.62
1.02
0.41
2.11
2.72
0.02
(peak AC) AC
[5]
Delayed motor start (max) DC
Peak operating current (random read):
Typical DCX
[1] [6]
[1] [6]
[1]
0.44
0.47
1.16
0.59
0.61
1.62
0.45
0.48
1.16
0.61
0.64
1.63
Maximum DC
3s
3s
Maximum (peak) DC
Peak operating current (random write)
Typical DCX
0.53
0.56
1.26
0.53
0.55
1.62
0.53
0.57
1.26
0.52
0.54
1.66
Maximum DC
3s
3s
Maximum (peak) DC
Peak operating current (sequential read)
Typical DCX
0.77
0.81
1.10
0.43
0.45
0.73
0.78
0.82
1.10
0.42
0.44
0.62
Maximum DC
3s
3s
Maximum (peak) DC
Peak operating current (sequential write)
Typical DCX
0.93
0.97
1.30
0.43
0.45
0.66
0.94
0.97
1.34
0.42
0.44
0.58
Maximum DC
3s
3s
Maximum (peak) DC
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
19
Table 3 1TB drive (Standard & SED model) DC power requirements
3.0Gb mode
(Amps)
6.0Gb mode
(Amps)
Notes
Voltage
+5V
+12V [4]
+5V
±5%
0.36
+12V [4]
Regulation
[5]
±5%
0.35
±5% [2]
0.28
±5% [2]
0.28
Avg idle current DCX
Advanced idle current
Idle_A
[1] [7]
0.35
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.28
0.25
0.14
0.02
0.36
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.28
0.25
0.14
0.02
Idle_B
Idle_C/ Standby_Y
Standby_Z
Transition current
Idle_A - Active
Idle_B - Active
0.60
0.64
0.60
0.90
1.52
1.43
2.04
2.50
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.88
1.50
1.40
2.11
2.49
Idle_C - Active
Standby - Active
Maximum starting current
(peak DC) DC
3s
3s
3s
[5]
0.57
0.92
0.39
1.93
2.62
0.02
0.58
1.08
0.39
1.93
2.55
0.02
(peak AC) AC
[5]
Delayed motor start (max) DC
Peak operating current (random read):
Typical DCX
[1] [6]
[1] [6]
[1]
0.43
0.44
1.17
0.45
0.48
1.56
0.44
0.45
1.14
0.47
0.50
1.55
Maximum DC
3s
3s
Maximum (peak) DC
Peak operating current (random write)
Typical DCX
0.53
0.55
1.30
0.35
0.38
1.59
0.53
0.55
1.32
0.36
0.38
1.54
Maximum DC
3s
3s
Maximum (peak) DC
Peak operating current (sequential read)
Typical DCX
0.77
0.80
1.06
0.27
0.28
0.64
0.77
0.81
1.09
0.27
0.29
0.51
Maximum DC
3s
3s
Maximum (peak) DC
Peak operating current (sequential write)
Typical DCX
0.94
1.02
1.37
0.27
0.28
0.54
0.94
1.03
1.36
0.27
0.29
0.48
Maximum DC
3s
3s
Maximum (peak) DC
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
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Table 4 500GB drive (Standard & SED model) DC power requirements
3.0Gb mode
(Amps)
6.0Gb mode
(Amps)
Notes
Voltage
+5V
±5%
0.36
+12V [4]
+5V
±5%
0.36
+12V [4]
Regulation
[5]
±5% [2]
0.21
±5% [2]
0.21
Avg idle current DCX
Advanced idle current
Idle_A
[1] [7]
0.36
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.21
0.19
0.11
0.02
0.36
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.21
0.19
0.12
0.02
Idle_B
Idle_C/ Standby_Y
Standby_Z
Transition current
Idle_A - Active
Idle_B - Active
0.62
0.62
0.66
0.88
1.48
1.32
2.04
2.46
0.64
0.70
0.84
0.86
1.42
1.35
2.05
2.53
Idle_C - Active
Standby - Active
Maximum starting current
(peak DC) DC
3s
3s
3s
[5]
0.61
0.83
0.44
1.92
2.53
0.02
0.61
0.96
0.44
1.93
2.59
0.02
(peak AC) AC
[5]
Delayed motor start (max) DC
Peak operating current (random read):
Typical DCX
[1] [6]
[1] [6]
[1]
0.44
0.44
1.18
0.37
0.39
1.48
0.44
0.50
1.29
0.38
0.41
1.45
Maximum DC
3s
3s
Maximum (peak) DC
Peak operating current (random write)
Typical DCX
0.54
0.59
1.32
0.28
0.31
1.47
0.54
0.59
1.32
0.29
0.41
1.47
Maximum DC
3s
3s
Maximum (peak) DC
Peak operating current (sequential read)
Typical DCX
0.77
0.84
1.07
0.20
0.21
0.40
0.77
0.84
1.07
0.20
0.21
0.43
Maximum DC
3s
3s
Maximum (peak) DC
Peak operating current (sequential write)
Typical DCX
0.95
1.01
1.40
0.20
0.21
0.38
0.95
1.01
1.38
0.20
0.21
0.38
Maximum DC
3s
3s
Maximum (peak) DC
Note. See table notes on the next page.
[1]
[2] Instantaneous +12V current peaks will exceed these values.
[3] Power supply at nominal voltage. N (number of drives tested) = 6, 35 Degrees C ambient.
Measured with average reading DC ammeter.
[4] For +12 V, a –10% tolerance is allowed during initial spindle start but must return to ±5% before reaching 7200 RPM. The ±5% must
be maintained after the drive signifies that its power-up sequence has been completed and that the drive is able to accept selection
by the host initiator.
[6] This condition occurs after OOB and Speed Negotiation completes but before the drive has received the Notify Spinup primitive.
[7] See paragraph 6.3.1, "Conducted noise immunity." Specified voltage tolerance includes ripple, noise, and transient response.
[8] Operating condition is defined as random 8 block reads.
[9] During idle, the drive heads are relocated every 60 seconds to a random location within the band from three-quarters to maximum
track.
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
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General DC power requirement notes.
1. Minimum current loading for each supply voltage is not less than 1.7% of the maximum operating current shown.
2. The +5V and +12V supplies should employ separate ground returns.
3. Where power is provided to multiple drives from a common supply, careful consideration for individual drive power requirements
should be noted. Where multiple units are powered on simultaneously, the peak starting current must be available to each device.
4. Parameters, other than spindle start, are measured after a 10-minute warm up.
5. No terminator power.
6.3.1
Conducted noise immunity
Noise is specified as a periodic and random distribution of frequencies covering a band from DC to 10 MHz. Maximum allowed noise
values given below are peak-to-peak measurements and apply at the drive power connector.
+5v
=
=
250 mV pp from 100 Hz to 20 MHz.
+12v
800 mV pp from 100 Hz to 8 KHz.
450 mV pp from 8 KHz to 20 KHz.
250 mV pp from 20 KHz to 5 MHz.
6.3.2
Power sequencing
The drive does not require power sequencing. The drive protects against inadvertent writing during power-up and down.
6.3.3
Current profiles
The +12V (top) and +5V (bottom) current profiles for the Constellation ES.1 drives are shown below.
Figure 1.
2TB model current profiles
Note: All times and currents are typical. See Table 2 for maximum current requirements.
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
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6.4
POWER DISSIPATION
2TB models in 3Gb operation
Please refer to Table 2 for power dissipation numbers.
To obtain operating power for typical random read operations, refer to the following I/O rate curve (see Figure 4). Locate the typical I/O rate
for a drive in your system on the horizontal axis and read the corresponding +5 volt current, +12 volt current, and total watts on the vertical
axis. To calculate BTUs per hour, multiply watts by 3.4123.
Figure 4.
2TB models (3Gb) DC current and power vs. input/output operations per second
Note. For power details about SED vs. non-SED drive, please refer to section 7.8.
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
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2TB models in 6Gb operation
Please refer to Table 2 for power dissipation numbers.
To obtain operating power for typical random read operations, refer to the following I/O rate curve (see Figure 5.). Locate the typical I/O
rate for a drive in your system on the horizontal axis and read the corresponding +5 volt current, +12 volt current, and total watts on the
vertical axis. To calculate BTUs per hour, multiply watts by 3.4123.
Figure 5.
2TB models (6Gb) DC current and power vs. input/output operations per second
For power details about SED vs. non-SED drive, please refer to section 7.8.
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
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1TB models in 3Gb operation
Please refer to Table 2 for power dissipation numbers.
To obtain operating power for typical random read operations, refer to the following I/O rate curve (see Figure 6). Locate the typical I/O rate
for a drive in your system on the horizontal axis and read the corresponding +5 volt current, +12 volt current, and total watts on the vertical
axis. To calculate BTUs per hour, multiply watts by 3.4123.
Figure 6.
1TB models (3Gb) DC current and power vs. input/output operations per second
Note. For power details about SED vs. non-SED drive, please refer to section 7.8.
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
27
1TB models in 6Gb operation
Please refer to Table 2 for power dissipation numbers.
To obtain operating power for typical random read operations, refer to the following I/O rate curve (see Figure 7.). Locate the typical I/O
rate for a drive in your system on the horizontal axis and read the corresponding +5 volt current, +12 volt current, and total watts on the
vertical axis. To calculate BTUs per hour, multiply watts by 3.4123.
Figure 7.
1TB models (6Gb) DC current and power vs. input/output operations per second
For power details about SED vs. non-SED drive, please refer to section 7.8.
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
28
500GB models in 3Gb operation
Please refer to Table 2 for power dissipation numbers.
To obtain operating power for typical random read operations, refer to the following I/O rate curve (see Figure 8). Locate the typical I/O rate
for a drive in your system on the horizontal axis and read the corresponding +5 volt current, +12 volt current, and total watts on the vertical
axis. To calculate BTUs per hour, multiply watts by 3.4123.
Figure 8.
500GB models (3Gb) DC current and power vs. input/output operations per second
Note. For power details about SED vs. non-SED drive, please refer to section 7.8.
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
29
500GB models in 6Gb operation
Please refer to Table 2 for power dissipation numbers.
To obtain operating power for typical random read operations, refer to the following I/O rate curve (see Figure 9.). Locate the typical I/O
rate for a drive in your system on the horizontal axis and read the corresponding +5 volt current, +12 volt current, and total watts on the
vertical axis. To calculate BTUs per hour, multiply watts by 3.4123.
Figure 9.
500GB models (6Gb) DC current and power vs. input/output operations per second
For power details about SED vs. non-SED drive, please refer to section 7.8.
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
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6.5
ENVIRONMENTAL LIMITS
Temperature and humidity values experienced by the drive must be such that condensation does not occur on any drive part. Altitude and
atmospheric pressure specifications are referenced to a standard day at 58.7°F (14.8°C). Maximum wet bulb temperature is 82°F (28°C).
6.5.1
a. Operating
The drive meets the operating specifications over a 41°F to 140°F (5°C to 60°C) drive case temperature range with a maximum tem-
Temperature
perature gradient of 36°F (20°C) per hour.
The maximum allowable drive case temperature is 60°C. See Figure 10 for HDA case temperature measurement location.
The MTBF specification for the drive assumes the operating environment is designed to maintain nominal case temperature. The rated
MTBF is based upon a sustained case temperature of 104°F (40°C). Occasional excursions in operating temperature between the
rated MTBF temperature and the maximum drive operating case temperature may occur without impact to the rated MTBF. However,
continual or sustained operation at case temperatures beyond the rated MTBF temperature will degrade the drive MTBF and reduce
product reliability.
Air flow may be required to achieve consistent nominal case temperature values (see Section 10.2). To confirm that the required cool-
ing is provided for the electronics and HDA, place the drive in its final mechanical configuration, and perform random write/read opera-
tions. After the temperatures stabilize, measure the case temperature of the drive.
b. Non-operating
–40° to 158°F (–40° to 70°C) package ambient with a maximum gradient of 36°F (20°C) per hour. This specification assumes that the
drive is packaged in the shipping container designed by Seagate for use with drive.
HDA Temp.
Check Point
Figure 10.
Location of the HDA temperature check point
Note. Image is for reference only, may not represent actual drive.
6.5.2 Relative humidity
The values below assume that no condensation on the drive occurs.
a. Operating
5% to 95% non-condensing relative humidity with a maximum gradient of 20% per hour.
b. Non-operating
5% to 95% non-condensing relative humidity.
6.5.3
a. Operating
–200 to +10,000 feet (–61 to +3,048 meters)
Effective altitude (sea level)
b. Non-operating
–200 to +40,000 feet (–61 to +12,210 meters)
6.5.4
Shock and vibration
Shock and vibration limits specified in this document are measured directly on the drive chassis. If the drive is installed in an enclosure to
which the stated shock and/or vibration criteria is applied, resonances may occur internally to the enclosure resulting in drive movement in
excess of the stated limits. If this situation is apparent, it may be necessary to modify the enclosure to minimize drive movement.
The limits of shock and vibration defined within this document are specified with the drive mounted by any of the four methods shown in
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
31
6.5.4.1
Shock
a. Operating—normal
The drive, as installed for normal operation, shall operate error free while subjected to intermittent shock not exceeding 70 Gs at a
maximum duration of 2ms (half sinewave). Shock may be applied in the X, Y, or Z axis. Shock is not to be repeated more than once
every 2 seconds.
b. Operating—abnormal
Equipment, as installed for normal operation, does not incur physical damage while subjected to intermittent shock not exceeding 40
Gs at a maximum duration of 11ms (half sinewave). Shock occurring at abnormal levels may promote degraded operational perfor-
mance during the abnormal shock period. Specified operational performance will continue when normal operating shock levels resume.
Shock may be applied in the X, Y, or Z axis. Shock is not to be repeated more than once every 2 seconds.
c. Non-operating
The limits of non-operating shock shall apply to all conditions of handling and transportation. This includes both isolated drives and
integrated drives.
The drive subjected to nonrepetitive shock not exceeding 80 Gs at a maximum duration of 11ms (half sinewave) shall not exhibit device
damage or performance degradation. Shock may be applied in the X, Y, or Z axis.
The drive subjected to nonrepetitive shock not exceeding 300 Gs at a maximum duration of 2ms (half sinewave) does not exhibit
device damage or performance degradation. Shock may be applied in the X, Y, or Z axis.
The drive subjected to nonrepetitive shock not exceeding 200 Gs at a maximum duration of 0.5ms (half sinewave) does not exhibit
device damage or performance degradation. Shock may be applied in the X, Y, or Z axis.
d. Packaged
Disk drives shipped as loose load (not palletized) general freight will be packaged to withstand drops from heights as defined in the
table below. For additional details refer to Seagate specifications 30190-001 (under 100 lbs/45 kg) or 30191-001 (over 100 lbs/45 Kg).
Package size
Packaged/product weight
Any
Drop height
<600 cu in (<9,800 cu cm)
600-1800 cu in (9,800-19,700 cu cm)
>1800 cu in (>19,700 cu cm)
>600 cu in (>9,800 cu cm)
60 in (1524 mm)
48 in (1219 mm)
42 in (1067 mm)
36 in (914 mm)
0-20 lb (0 to 9.1 kg)
0-20 lb (0 to 9.1 kg)
20-40 lb (9.1 to 18.1 kg)
Drives packaged in single or multipacks with a gross weight of 20 pounds (8.95 kg) or less by Seagate for general freight shipment
shall withstand a drop test from 48 inches (1,070 mm) against a concrete floor or equivalent.
X
X
Figure 11.
Recommended mounting
Note. Image is for reference only, may not represent actual drive.
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
32
6.5.4.2
Vibration
a. Operating—normal
The drive as installed for normal operation, shall comply with the complete specified performance while subjected to continuous vibra-
tion not exceeding
5 - 22 Hz
0.25 Gs, limited displacement
22 - 350 Hz
350 - 500 Hz
0.5 Gs
0.25 Gs
Vibration may be applied in the X, Y, or Z axis.
b. Operating—abnormal
Equipment as installed for normal operation shall not incur physical damage while subjected to periodic vibration not exceeding:
15 minutes of duration at major resonant frequency
Vibration occurring at these levels may degrade operational performance during the abnormal vibration period. Specified operational
performance will continue when normal operating vibration levels are resumed. This assumes system recovery routines are available.
Operating abnormal translational random flat profile
5-500 Hz @ 0.75 G (X, Y, or Z axis)
c. Non-operating
The limits of non-operating vibration shall apply to all conditions of handling and transportation. This includes both isolated drives and
integrated drives.
The drive shall not incur physical damage or degraded performance as a result of continuous vibration not exceeding
5 - 22 Hz
2 Gs (0 to peak, linear, swept sine, 0.5 octave/min)
5 Gs (0 to peak, linear, swept sine, 0.5 octave/min)
2 Gs (0 to peak, linear, swept sine, 0.5 octave/min)
22 - 350 Hz
350 - 500 Hz
Vibration may be applied in the X, Y, or Z axis.
6.5.5
Acoustics
Sound power during idle mode shall be 2.7 bels typical when measured to ISO 7779 specification. Sound power while operating shall be
3.0 bels typical when measured to ISO 7779 specification.
There will not be any discrete tones more than 10 dB above the masking noise on typical drives when measured according to Seagate
specification 30553-001. There will not be any tones more than 24 dB above the masking noise on any drive.
6.5.6
Air cleanliness
The drive is designed to operate in a typical office environment with minimal environmental control.
6.5.7
Corrosive environment
Seagate electronic drive components pass accelerated corrosion testing equivalent to 10 years exposure to light industrial environments
containing sulfurous gases, chlorine and nitric oxide, classes G and H per ASTM B845. However, this accelerated testing cannot duplicate
every potential application environment.
Users should use caution exposing any electronic components to uncontrolled chemical pollutants and corrosive chemicals as electronic
drive component reliability can be affected by the installation environment. The silver, copper, nickel and gold films used in Seagate
products are especially sensitive to the presence of sulfide, chloride, and nitrate contaminants. Sulfur is found to be the most damaging. In
addition, electronic components should never be exposed to condensing water on the surface of the printed circuit board assembly (PCBA)
or exposed to an ambient relative humidity greater than 95%. Materials used in cabinet fabrication, such as vulcanized rubber, that can
outgas corrosive compounds should be minimized or eliminated. The useful life of any electronic equipment may be extended by replacing
materials near circuitry with sulfide-free alternatives.
6.5.8
Electromagnetic susceptibility
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
33
6.6
MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS
The following nominal dimensions are exclusive of the decorative front panel accessory. However, dimensions of the front panel are shown
Weight: (maximum)
500GB models
1TB models
2TB models
1.34 lb
1.41 lb
1.57 lb
610 g
640 g
710 g
in
mm
in
mm
Breather
Hole
in
mm
Figure 12.
Mounting configuration dimensions
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
34
7.0 ABOUT FIPS
The Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) Publication 140-2 is a U.S. Government Computer Security Standard used to
accredit cryptographic modules. It is titled 'Security Requirements for Cryptographic Modules (FIPS PUB 140-2)' and is issued by the
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
Purpose
This standard specifies the security requirements that will be satisfied by a cryptographic module utilized within a security system
protecting sensitive but unclassified information. The standard provides four increasing, qualitative levels of security: Level 1, Level 2,
Level 3 and Level 4. These levels are intended to cover the wide range of potential applications and environments in which cryptographic
modules may be employed.
Validation Program
Products that claim conformance to this standard are validated by the Cryptographic Module Validation Program (CMVP) which is a joint
effort between National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Communications Security Establishment (CSE) of the
Government of Canada. Products validated as conforming to FIPS 140-2 are accepted by the Federal agencies of both countries for the
protection of sensitive information (United States) or Designated Information (Canada).
In the CMVP, vendors of cryptographic modules use independent, accredited testing libratory to have their modules tested. National
Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP) accredited laboratories perform cryptographic module compliance/conformance
testing.
Seagate Enterprise SED
to satisfy FIPS 140-2 Level 2 requirements. In order to operate in FIPS Approved Mode of Operation, these SEDs require security
initialization. For more information, refer to 'Security Rules' section in the 'Security Policy' document uploaded on the NIST website. To
reference the product certification visit - http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/STM/cmvp/documents/140-1/1401vend.htm, and search for “Seagate”.
Security Level 2
Security Level 2 enhances the physical security mechanisms of a Security Level 1 cryptographic module by adding the requirement for
tamper-evidence, which includes the use of tamper-evident coatings or seals on removable covers of the module. Tamper-evident coat-
ings or seals are placed on a cryptographic module so that the coating or seal must be broken to attain physical access to the critical
security parameters (CSP) within the module. Tamper-evident seals (example shown in Figure 13, page 35) are placed on covers to
protect against unauthorized physical access. In addition Security Level 2 requires, at a minimum, role-based authentication in which a
cryptographic module authenticates the authorization of an operator to assume a specific role and perform a corresponding set of ser-
vices.
Figure 13.
Example of FIPS tamper evidence labels.
Note. Image is for reference only, may not represent actual drive.
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
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8.0
ABOUT SELF-ENCRYPTING DRIVES
Self-encrypting drives (SEDs) offer encryption and security services for the protection of stored data, commonly known as “protection of
data at rest.” These drives are compliant with the Trusted Computing Group (TCG) Enterprise Storage Specifications as detailed in Section
The Trusted Computing Group (TCG) is an organization sponsored and operated by companies in the computer, storage and digital
communications industry. Seagate’s SED models comply with the standards published by the TCG.
To use the security features in the drive, the host must be capable of constructing and issuing the following two SCSI commands:
• Security Protocol Out
• Security Protocol In
These commands are used to convey the TCG protocol to and from the drive in their command payloads.
8.1
DATA ENCRYPTION
Encrypting drives use one inline encryption engine for each port, employing AES-256 data encryption in Cipher Block Chaining (CBC)
mode to encrypt all data prior to being written on the media and to decrypt all data as it is read from the media. The encryption engines are
always in operation and cannot be disabled.
The 32-byte Data Encryption Key (DEK) is a random number which is generated by the drive, never leaves the drive, and is inaccessible to
the host system. The DEK is itself encrypted when it is stored on the media and when it is in volatile temporary storage (DRAM) external to
8.2
CONTROLLED ACCESS
The drive has two security providers (SPs) called the "Admin SP" and the "Locking SP." These act as gatekeepers to the drive security
services. Security-related commands will not be accepted unless they also supply the correct credentials to prove the requester is
authorized to perform the command.
8.2.1
Admin SP
available using the SID (Secure ID) password or the MSID (Manufacturers Secure ID) password.
8.2.2
Locking SP
The Locking SP controls read/write access to the media and the cryptographic erase feature. Access to the Locking SP is available using
the BandMasterX or EraseMaster passwords. Since the drive owner can define up to 16 data bands on the drive, each data band has its
own password called BandMasterX where X is the number of the data band (0 through 15).
8.2.3
Default password
When the drive is shipped from the factory, all passwords are set to the value of MSID. This 32-byte random value can only be read by the
host electronically over the interface. After receipt of the drive, it is the responsibility of the owner to use the default MSID password as the
authority to change all other passwords to unique owner-specified values.
8.3
RANDOM NUMBER GENERATOR (RNG)
The drive has a 32-byte hardware RNG that it is uses to derive encryption keys or, if requested to do so, to provide random numbers to the
host for system use, including using these numbers as Authentication Keys (passwords) for the drive’s Admin and Locking SPs.
8.4
DRIVE LOCKING
bands.
The variable "LockOnReset" should be set to "PowerCycle" to ensure that the data bands will be locked if power is lost. In addition
"ReadLockEnabled" and "WriteLockEnabled" must be set to true in the locking table in order for the bands "LockOnReset" setting of
"PowerCycle" to actually lock access to the band when a "PowerCycle" event occurs. This scenario occurs if the drive is removed from its
cabinet. The drive will not honor any data read or write requests until the bands have been unlocked. This prevents the user data from
being accessed without the appropriate credentials when the drive has been removed from its cabinet and installed in another system.
When the drive is shipped from the factory, the firmware download port is unlocked
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
36
8.5
DATA BANDS
When shipped from the factory, the drive is configured with a single data band called Band 0 (also known as the Global Data Band) which
comprises LBA 0 through LBA max. The host may allocate Band1 by specifying a start LBA and an LBA range. The real estate for this
band is taken from the Global Band. An additional 14 Data Bands may be defined in a similar way (Band2 through Band15) but before
these bands can be allocated LBA space, they must first be individually enabled using the EraseMaster password.
Data bands cannot overlap but they can be sequential with one band ending at LBA (x) and the next beginning at LBA (x+1).
Each data band has its own drive-generated encryption key and its own user-supplied password. The host may change the Encryption Key
8.6
CRYPTOGRAPHIC ERASE
A significant feature of SEDs is the ability to perform a cryptographic erase. This involves the host telling the drive to change the data
encryption key for a particular band. Once changed, the data is no longer recoverable since it was written with one key and will be read
using a different key. Since the drive overwrites the old key with the new one, and keeps no history of key changes, the user data can
never be recovered. This is tantamount to an instantaneous data erase and is very useful if the drive is to be scrapped or redispositioned.
8.7
AUTHENTICATED FIRMWARE DOWNLOAD
In addition to providing a locking mechanism to prevent unwanted firmware download attempts, the drive also only accepts download files
which have been cryptographically signed by the appropriate Seagate Design Center.
Three conditions must be met before the drive will allow the download operation:
1. The download must be an SED file. A standard (base) drive (non-SED) file will be rejected.
2. The download file must be signed and authenticated.
3. As with a non-SED drive, the download file must pass the acceptance criteria for the drive. For example it must be applicable to the
correct drive model, and have compatible revision and customer status.
8.8
POWER REQUIREMENTS
The standard drive models and the SED drive models have identical hardware, however the security and encryption portion of the drive
controller ASIC is enabled and functional in the SED models. This represents a small additional drain on the 5V supply of about 30mA and
a commensurate increase of about 150mW in power consumption. There is no additional drain on the 12V supply. See the tables in
8.9
SUPPORTED COMMANDS
The SED models support the following two commands in addition to the commands supported by the standard (non-SED) models as listed
in Table 8:
• Security Protocol Out (B5h)
• Security Protocol In (A2h)
8.10
SANITIZE - CRYPTOGRAPHIC ERASE
This command cryptographically erases all user data on the drive by destroying the current data encryption key and replacing it with a new
data encryption key randomly generated by the drive. Sanitize CRYPTOGRAPHIC ERASE is a SCSI CDB Op code 48h and selecting the
service action code 3 (CRYPTOGRAPHIC ERASE)
8.11
REVERTSP
The SED models will support RevertSP feature where it erases all data in all bands on the device and returns the contents of all SPs
(Security Providers) on the device to their original factory state. In order to execute the RevertSP method the unique PSID (Physical
Secure ID) printed on the drive label must be provided. PSID is not electronically accessible and can only be manually read from the drive
label or scanned in via the 2D barcode.
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
37
9.0
DEFECT AND ERROR MANAGEMENT
Seagate continues to use innovative technologies to manage defects and errors. These technologies are designed to increase data
integrity, perform drive self-maintenance, and validate proper drive operation.
SCSI defect and error management involves drive internal defect/error management and SAS system error considerations (errors in
communications between the initiator and the drive). In addition, Seagate provides the following technologies used to increase data
integrity and drive reliability:
The read error rates and specified storage capacities are not dependent on host (initiator) defect management routines.
9.1
DRIVE INTERNAL DEFECTS/ERRORS
During the initial drive format operation at the factory, media defects are identified, tagged as being unusable, and their locations recorded
on the drive primary defects list (referred to as the “P’ list and also as the ETF defect list). At factory format time, these known defects are
also reallocated, that is, reassigned to a new place on the medium and the location listed in the defects reallocation table. The “P” list is not
altered after factory formatting. Locations of defects found and reallocated during error recovery procedures after drive shipment are listed
in the “G” list (defects growth list). The “P” and “G” lists may be referenced by the initiator using the Read Defect Data command.
Details of the SCSI commands supported by the drive are described in the SAS Interface Manual. Also, more information on the drive Error
Recovery philosophy is presented in the SAS Interface Manual.
9.2
DRIVE ERROR RECOVERY PROCEDURES
When an error occurs during drive operation, the drive, if programmed to do so, performs error recovery procedures to attempt to recover
the data. The error recovery procedures used depend on the options previously set in the Error Recovery Parameters mode page. Error
recovery and defect management may involve using several SCSI commands described in the SAS Interface Manual. The drive
implements selectable error recovery time limits required in video applications.
The error recovery scheme supported by the drive provides a way to control the total error recovery time for the entire command in addition
to controlling the recovery level for a single LBA. The total amount of time spent in error recovery for a command can be limited using the
Recovery Time Limit bytes in the Error Recovery mode page. The total amount of time spent in error recovery for a single LBA can be
limited using the Read Retry Count or Write Retry Count bytes in the Error Recovery mode page.
The drive firmware error recovery algorithms consist of 12 levels for read recoveries and five levels for write. Each level may consist of
multiple steps, where a step is defined as a recovery function involving a single re-read or re-write attempt. The maximum level used by the
drive in LBA recovery is determined by the read and write retry counts.
Table 5 equates the read and write retry count with the maximum possible recovery time for read and write recovery of individual LBAs.
The times given do not include time taken to perform reallocations. Reallocations are performed when the ARRE bit (for reads) or AWRE
bit (for writes) is one, the RC bit is zero, and the recovery time limit for the command has not yet been met. Time needed to perform
reallocation is not counted against the recovery time limit.
When the RC bit is one, reallocations are disabled even if the ARRE or AWRE bits are one. The drive will still perform data recovery
actions within the limits defined by the Read Retry Count, Write Retry Count, and Recovery Time Limit parameters. However, the drive
does not report any unrecovered errors.
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
38
Table 5 Read and write retry count maximum recovery times
Read retry count
Maximum recovery time per LBA
(cumulative, ms)
Write retry count
Maximum recovery time per LBA
(cumulative, ms)
0
108.29
124.95
424.83
458.15
483.14
590.16
644.92
711.56
898.54
1049.49
1116.13
1174.44
2311.47
0
23.94
35.91
55.86
67.83
119.79
147.72
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5 (default)
6
7
8
9
10
11
12 (default)
Setting these retry counts to a value below the default setting could result in degradation of the unrecovered error rate. For example,
suppose the read/write recovery page has the RC bit = 0, the read retry count set to 4, and the recovery time limit set to 450. A 4-block
read command can take up to 483.14ms recovery time for each block and a maximum of 450ms recovery for all four blocks. If either of
these limits is reached and a block has not yet been recovered, the command will end with Check Condition status and an unrecoverable
read error will be reported.
9.3
SAS SYSTEM ERRORS
Information on the reporting of operational errors or faults across the interface is given in the SAS Interface Manual. The SSP Response
returns information to the host about numerous kinds of errors or faults. The Receive Diagnostic Results reports the results of diagnostic
operations performed by the drive.
Status returned by the drive to the initiator is described in the SAS Interface Manual. Status reporting plays a role in systems error
management and its use in that respect is described in sections where the various commands are discussed.
9.4
BACKGROUND MEDIA SCAN
Background Media Scan (BMS) is a self-initiated media scan. BMS is defined in the T10 document SPC-4 available from the T10
committee. BMS performs sequential reads across the entire pack of the media while the drive is idle. In RAID arrays, BMS allows hot
spare drives to be scanned for defects prior to being put into service by the host system. On regular duty drives, if the host system makes
use of the BMS Log Page, it can avoid placing data in suspect locations on the media. Unreadable and recovered error sites will be logged
or reallocated per ARRE/AWRE settings.
With BMS, the host system can consume less power and system overhead by only checking BMS status and results rather than tying up
the bus and consuming power in the process of host-initiated media scanning activity.
Since the background scan functions are only done during idle periods, BMS causes a negligible impact to system performance. The first
BMS scan for a newly manufactured drive is performed as quickly as possible to verify the media and protect data by setting the “Start time
after idle” to 5ms, all subsequent scans begin after 500ms of idle time. Other features that normally use idle time to function will function
normally because BMS functions for bursts of 800ms and then suspends activity for 100ms to allow other background functions to operate.
BMS interrupts immediately to service host commands from the interface bus while performing reads. BMS will complete any BMS-initiated
error recovery prior to returning to service host-initiated commands. Overhead associated with a return to host-servicing activity from BMS
only impacts the first command that interrupted BMS, this results in a typical delay of about 1 ms.
9.5
MEDIA PRE-SCAN
Media Pre-Scan is a feature that allows the drive to repair media errors that would otherwise have been found by the host system during
critical data accesses early in the drive’s life. The default setting for Media Pre-Scan is enabled on standard products. Media Pre-Scan
checks each write command to determine if the destination LBAs have been scanned by BMS. If the LBAs have been verified, the drive
proceeds with the normal write command. If the LBAs have not been verified by BMS, Pre-Scan will convert the write to a write verify to
certify that the data was properly written to the disk.
Note. During Pre-Scan write verify commands, write performance may decrease by 50% until Pre-Scan completes. Write perfor-
mance testing should be performed after Pre-Scan is complete. This may be checked by reading the BMS status.
To expedite the scan of the full pack and subsequently exit from the Pre-Scan period, BMS will begin scanning immediately when the drive
goes to idle during the Pre-Scan period. In the event that the drive is in a high transaction traffic environment and is unable to complete a
BMS scan within 24 power on hours BMS will disable Pre-Scan to restore full performance to the system.
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
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9.6
DEFERRED AUTO-REALLOCATION
Deferred Auto-Reallocation (DAR) simplifies reallocation algorithms at the system level by allowing the drive to reallocate unreadable
locations on a subsequent write command. Sites are marked for DAR during read operations performed by the drive. When a write
command is received for an LBA marked for DAR, the auto-reallocation process is invoked and attempts to rewrite the data to the original
location. If a verification of this rewrite fails, the sector is re-mapped to a spare location.
This is in contrast to the system having to use the Reassign Command to reassign a location that was unreadable and then generate a
write command to rewrite the data. DAR is most effective when AWRE and ARRE are enabled—this is the default setting from the Seagate
factory. With AWRE and ARRE disabled DAR is unable to reallocate the failing location and will report an error sense code indicating that
a write command is being attempted to a previously failing location.
9.7
IDLE READ AFTER WRITE
Idle Read After Write (IRAW) utilizes idle time to verify the integrity of recently written data. During idle periods, no active system requests,
the drive reads recently written data from the media and compares it to valid write command data resident in the drives data buffer. Any
sectors that fail the comparison result in the invocation of a rewrite and auto-reallocation process. The process attempts to rewrite the data
to the original location. If a verification of this rewrite fails, the sector is re-mapped to a spare location.
9.8
PROTECTION INFORMATION (PI)
Protection Information is intended as a standardized approach to system level LRC traditionally provided by systems using 520 byte
formatted LBAs. Drives formatted with PI information provide the same, common LBA count (i.e. same capacity point) as non-PI formatted
drives. Sequential performance of a PI drive will be reduced by approximately 1.56% due to the extra overhead of PI being transferred
from the media that is not calculated as part of the data transferred to the host. To determine the full transfer rate of a PI drive, transfers
should be calculated by adding the 8 extra bytes of PI to the transferred LBA length, i.e. 512 + 8 = 520. PI formatted drives are physically
formatted to 520 byte sectors that store 512 bytes of customer data with 8 bytes of Protection Information appended to it. The advantage
of PI is that the Protection Information bits can be managed at the HBA and HBA driver level. Allowing a system that typically does not
support 520 LBA formats to integrate this level of protection.
Protection Information is valid with any supported LBA size. 512 LBA size is used here as common example.
9.8.1
Levels of PI
There are 4 types of Protection Information.
Type 0 - Describes a drive that is not formatted with PI information bytes. This allows for legacy support in non-PI systems.
Type 1 - Provides support of PI protection using 10 and 16 byte commands. The RDPROTECT and WRTPROTECT bits allow for checking
control through the CDB. Eight bytes of Protection Information are transmitted at LBA boundaries across the interface if RDPROTECT and
WRTPROTECT bits are nonzero values. Type 1 does not allow the use of 32 byte commands.
Type 2 - Provides checking control and additional expected fields within the 32 byte CDBs. Eight bytes of Protection Information are
transmitted at LBA boundaries across the interface if RDPROTECT and WRTPROTECT bits are nonzero values. Type 2 does allow the
use of 10 and 16 byte commands with zero values in the RDPROTECT and WRTPROTECT fields. The drive will generate 8 bytes
(e.g.0xFFFF) 8 bytes of Protection Information to be stored on the media, but the 8 bytes will not be transferred to the host during a read
command.
Type 3 - Seagate products do not support Type 3.
9.8.2
Setting and determining the current Type Level
A drive is initialized to a type of PI by using the format command on a PI capable drive. Once a drive is formatted to a PI Type, it may be
queried by a Read Capacity (16) command to report the PI type which it is currently formatted to. PI Types cannot coexist on a single drive.
A drive can only be formatted to a single PI Type. It can be changed at anytime to a new Type but requires a low level format which
destroys all existing data on the drive. No other vehicle for changing the PI type is provided by the T10 SBC3 specification.
Type 1 PI format CDB command: 04 90 00 00 00 00, Write Buffer: 00 A0 00 00
Type 2 PI format CDB command: 04 D0 00 00 00 00, Write Buffer: 00 A0 00 00
9.8.3
Identifying a Protection Information drive
The Standard Inquiry provides a bit to indicate if PI is support by the drive. Vital Product Descriptor (VPD) page 0x86 provides bits to
indicate the PI Types supported and which PI fields the drive supports checking.
Note. For further details with respect to PI, please refer to SCSI Block Commands - 3 (SBC-3) Draft Standard documentation.
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
40
10.0 INSTALLATION
Constellation ES.1 disk drive installation is a plug-and-play process. There are no jumpers, switches, or terminators on the drive.
SAS drives are designed to be used in a host system that provides a SAS-compatible backplane with bays designed to accommodate the
drive. In such systems, the host system typically provides a carrier or tray into which you need to mount the drive. Mount the drive to the
carrier or tray provided by the host system using four M3 x 0.5 metric screws. When tightening the screws, use a maximum torque of 4.5
in-lb +/- 0.45 in-lb. Do not over-tighten or force the screws. You can mount the drive in any orientation.
Note. SAS drives are designed to be attached to the host system without I/O or power cables. If you intend the use the drive in a
non-backplane host system, connecting the drive using high-quality cables is acceptable as long as the I/O cable length does
not exceed 4 meters (13.1 feet).
Slide the carrier or tray into the appropriate bay in your host system using the instructions provided by the host system. This connects the
drive directly to your system’s SAS connector. The SAS connector is normally located on a SAS backpanel. See Section 11.4.1 for
additional information about these connectors.
Power is supplied through the SAS connector.
The drive is shipped from the factory low-level formatted in 512-byte logical blocks. You need to reformat the drive only if you want to select
a different logical block size.
Figure 14.
Physical interface
10.1
DRIVE ORIENTATION
The drive may be mounted in any orientation. All drive performance characterizations, however, have been done with the drive in
horizontal (discs level) and vertical (drive on its side) orientations, which are the two preferred mounting orientations.
10.2
COOLING
Cabinet cooling must be designed by the customer so that the ambient temperature immediately surrounding the drive will not exceed
The rack, cabinet, or drawer environment for the drive must provide heat removal from the electronics and head and disk assembly (HDA).
Forced air flow may be required to keep temperatures at or below the temperatures specified in Section 6.5.1 in which case the drive
should be oriented, or air flow directed, so that the least amount of air flow resistance is created while providing air flow to the electronics
and HDA. Also, the shortest possible path between the air inlet and exit should be chosen to minimize the travel length of air heated by the
drive and other heat sources within the rack, cabinet, or drawer environment.
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
41
more fans, either forcing or drawing air as shown in the illustrations. Conduction, convection, or other forced air-flow patterns are
b
Note.
l
b
b
b
Note.
l
Figure 15.
Air flow
10.3
DRIVE MOUNTING
Mount the drive using the bottom or side mounting holes. If you mount the drive using the bottom holes, ensure that you do not physically
distort the drive by attempting to mount it on a stiff, non-flat surface.
The allowable mounting surface stiffness is 80 lb/in (14.0 N/mm). The following equation and paragraph define the allowable mounting
surface stiffness:
K x X = F < 15lb = 67N
where K is the mounting surface stiffness (units in lb/in or N/mm) and X is the out-of-plane surface distortion (units in inches or millimeters).
The out-of-plane distortion (X) is determined by defining a plane with three of the four mounting points fixed and evaluating the out-of-plane
deflection of the fourth mounting point when a known force (F) is applied to the fourth point.
10.4
GROUNDING
Signal ground (PCBA) and HDA ground are connected together in the drive and cannot be separated by the user. The equipment in which
the drive is mounted is connected directly to the HDA and PCBA with no electrically isolating shock mounts. If it is desired for the system
chassis to not be connected to the HDA/PCBA ground, the systems integrator or user must provide a nonconductive (electrically isolating)
method of mounting the drive in the host equipment.
Increased radiated emissions may result if you do not provide the maximum surface area ground connection between system ground and
drive ground. This is the system designer’s and integrator’s responsibility.
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
42
11.0 INTERFACE REQUIREMENTS
This section partially describes the interface requirements as implemented on Constellation ES.1 drives. Additional information is provided
in the SAS Interface Manual (part number 100293071).
11.1
SAS FEATURES
This section lists the SAS-specific features supported by Constellation ES.1 drives.
11.1.1 task management functions
Table 6 SAS task management functions supported
TASK NAME
SUPPORTED
Abort Task
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Clear ACA
Clear task set
Abort task set
Logical Unit Reset
Query Task
11.1.2 task management responses
Table 7 Task management response codes
FUNCTION NAME
RESPONSE CODE
Function complete
Invalid frame
00
02
04
05
08
09
Function not supported
Function failed
Function succeeded
Invalid logical unit
11.2
DUAL PORT SUPPORT
Constellation ES.1 SAS drives have two independent ports. These ports may be connected in the same or different SCSI domains. Each
drive port has a unique SAS address.
The two ports have the capability of independent port clocking (e.g. both ports can run at 6Gb/s or the first port can run at 6Gb/s while the
second port runs at 3Gb/s. The supported link rates are 1.5, 3.0, or 6.0 Gb/s.
Subject to buffer availability, the Constellation ES.1 drives support:
• Concurrent port transfers—The drive supports receiving COMMAND, TASK management transfers on both ports at the same time.
• Full duplex—The drive supports sending XFER_RDY, DATA and RESPONSE transfers while receiving frames on both ports.
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
43
11.3
SCSI COMMANDS SUPPORTED
Table 8 lists the SCSI commands supported by Constellation ES.1 drives.
Table 8 Supported commands
Command name
Command code
Supported
Change Definition
40h
39h
18h
3Ah
04h
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
N
Compare
Copy
Copy and Verify
DCRT bit supported
DPRY bit supported
DSP bit supported
IMMED bit supported
IP bit supported
SI (Security Initialize) bit supported
STPF bit supported
VS (vendor specific)
Inquiry
12h
Date Code page (C1h)
Device Behavior page (C3h)
Firmware Numbers page (C0h)
Implemented Operating Def page (81h)
Jumper Settings page (C2h)
Supported Vital Product Data page (00h)
Unit Serial Number page (80h)
Lock-unlock cache
36h
4Ch
Log Select
PCR bit
DU bit
DS bit
TSD bit
ETC bit
TMC bit
LP bit
Protocol-specific Log Page for SAS (18h)
Log Sense
4Dh
Application Client Log page (0Fh)
Buffer Over-run/Under-run page (01h)
Cache Statistics page (37h)
Factory Log page (3Eh)
Information Exceptions Log page (2Fh)
Last n Deferred Errors or Asynchronous Events page (0Bh)
Last n Error Events page (07h)
Non-medium Error page (06h)
Pages Supported list (00h)
Read Error Counter page (03h)
Read Reverse Error Counter page (04h)
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
44
Table 8 Supported commands
Command name
Command code
Supported
Self-test Results page (10h)
Start-stop Cycle Counter page (0Eh)
Temperature page (0Dh)
Verify Error Counter page (05h)
Write error counter page (02h)
Mode Select (same pages as Mode Sense 1Ah)
Mode Select (10) (same pages as Mode Sense 1Ah)
Mode Sense
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
15h
55h
1Ah
Y [2]
Y
Y [2]
Caching Parameters page (08h)
Control Mode page (0Ah)
Disconnect/Reconnect (02h)
Error Recovery page (01h)
Format page (03h)
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Information Exceptions Control page (1Ch)
Notch and Partition Page (0Ch)
Protocol-Specific Port page (19h)
Power Condition page (1Ah)
Rigid Disk Drive Geometry page (04h)
Unit Attention page (00h)
Verify Error Recovery page (07h)
Xor Control page (10h)
Mode Sense (10) (same pages as Mode Sense 1Ah)
Persistent Reserve In
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
5Ah
5Eh
5Fh
34h
08h
28h
Y
Y
Persistent Reserve Out
Prefetch
Y
N
Read (6)
Y
Read (10)
Y
DPO bit supported
Y
FUA bit supported
Y
Read (12)
A8h
N
Read (16)
88h
Y
Read (32)
7Fh/0009h
3Ch
N
Read Buffer (modes 0, 2, 3, Ah and Bh supported)
Read Capacity (10)
Y (non-SED drives only)
25h
Y
Read Capacity (16)
9Eh/10h
37h
Y
Read Defect Data (10)
Y
Read Defect Data (12)
B7h
Y
Read Long
3Eh
Y (non-SED drives only)
Read Long (16)
9Eh/11h
07h
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Reassign Blocks
Receive Diagnostic Results
Supported Diagnostics pages (00h)
Translate page (40h)
1Ch
Release
17h
57h
Release (10)
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
45
Table 8 Supported commands
Command name
Report LUNs
Command code
Supported
A0h
03h
Y
Request Sense
Actual Retry Count bytes
Extended Sense
Field Pointer bytes
Reserve
Y
Y
Y
Y
16h
56h
Y
3rd Party Reserve
Extent Reservation
Reserve (10)
Y
N
Y
3rd Party Reserve
Extent Reservation
Rezero Unit
Y
N
01h
48h
31h
30h
32h
A2h
B5h
0Bh
2Bh
1Dh
Y
Sanitize (CRYPTOGRAPHIC ERASE)
Search Data Equal
Search Data High
Search Data Low
Security Protocol In
Security Protocol Out
Seek (6)
Y (SED drives only)
N
N
N
Y (SED models only)
Y (SED models only)
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
Y
Y
N
Y
N
Seek (10)
Send Diagnostics
Supported Diagnostics pages (00h)
Translate page (40h)
Set Limits
33h
1Bh
35h
91h
00h
2Fh
Start Unit/Stop Unit (spindle ceases rotating)
Synchronize Cache
Synchronize Cache (16)
Test Unit Ready
Verify (10)
BYTCHK bit
Verify (12)
AFh
Verify (16)
AFh
Verify (32)
7Fh/000Ah
0Ah
Write (6)
Write (10)
2Ah
DPO bit
FUA bit
Write (12)
AAh
Write (16)
8Ah
Write (32)
7Fh/000Bh
2Eh
Write and Verify (10)
DPO bit
Write and Verify (12)
Write and Verify (16)
Write and Verify (32)
AEh
8Eh
7Fh/000Ch
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
46
Table 8 Supported commands
Command name
Command code
Supported
Write Buffer (modes 0, 2, supported)
3Bh
3Bh
Y (non-SED drives only)
Write Buffer
Y (non-SED drives only)
Firmware Download option (modes 4, 5, 7)
Y (SED drives only)
Write Long (10)
Write Long (16)
PBdata
3Fh
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
9Fh/11h
41h
LBdata
Write Same (32)
XDRead
93h
7Fh/000Dh
52h
XDWrite
50h
XPWrite
51h
[1] Constellation ES.1 drives can format to 512, 520 or 528 bytes per logical block.
[2] Warning. Power loss during flash programming can result in firmware corruption. This usually makes the drive inoperable.
[3] Reference Mode Sense command 1Ah for mode pages supported.
[4] Y = Yes. Command is supported.
N = No. Command is not supported.
A = Support is available on special request.
[5] There is approximately a 1.5 increase in time to format a SED drive versus a non-SED drive of the same capacity.
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
47
11.3.1 Inquiry data
Table 9 lists the Inquiry command data that the drive should return to the initiator per the format given in the SAS Interface Manual.
Table 9
Constellation ES.1 inquiry data
Bytes
0-15
Data (hex)
00
00
xx** 12
8B
30
00
30
S#
00
00
00
72
65
73
30
4E
S#
00
00
00
69
61
20
02
53
45
30
S#
00
00
00
74
74
73
41
30
S#
00
00
00
20
65
65
47
41
54
20
00
00
00
00
29
45
20
00
00
00
00
20
20
20
00
00
00
00
Vendor ID
Product ID
16-31
32-47
48-63
64-79
80-95
96-111
[53 54
32
R#
00
00
00
6F
30
4D 30
31} 20
R#
00
00
00
00
R#
00
00
00
43
R# S#
S#
00
00
00
67
67
72
S#
00
00
00
68
61
65
S#
00
00
00
28
20
72
00
00
00
00
63
41
76
00
00
00
70
20
68
00
00
00
79
53
74
32* *Copyright
notice
112-127 30* 31* 33*
128-143 72 69 67
6C 6C 20
65 64 20
*
**
Copyright year (changes with actual year).
SCSI Revision support. See the appropriate SPC release documentation for definitions.
PP 10 = Inquiry data for an Inquiry command received on Port A.
30 = Inquiry data for an Inquiry command received on Port B.
R# Four ASCII digits representing the last four digits of the product firmware release number.
S# Eight ASCII digits representing the eight digits of the product serial number.
[ ]
Bytes 16 through 26 reflect model of drive. The table above shows the hex values for Model ST2000NM0001.
Refer to the values below for the values of bytes 16 through 26 of your particular model:
ST2000NM0001 53 54 32 30 30 30 4E 4D 30 30 30 31
ST2000NM0021 53 54 32 30 30 30 4E 4D 30 30 32 31
ST2000NM0041 53 54 32 30 30 30 4E 4D 30 30 34 31
ST1000NM0001 53 54 31 30 30 30 4E 4D 30 30 30 31
ST1000NM0021 53 54 31 30 30 30 4E 4D 30 30 32 31
ST1000NM0041 53 54 31 30 30 30 4E 4D 30 30 34 31
ST500NM0001 53 54 35 30 30 4E 4D 30 30 30 31
ST500NM0021 53 54 35 35 30 4E 4D 30 30 32 31
ST500NM0041 53 54 35 35 30 4E 4D 30 30 34 31
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
48
11.3.2 Mode Sense data
The Mode Sense command provides a way for the drive to report its operating parameters to the initiator. The drive maintains four sets of
mode parameters:
1. Default values
Default values are hard-coded in the drive firmware stored in flash E-PROM (nonvolatile memory) on the drive’s PCB. These default
values can be changed only by downloading a complete set of new firmware into the flash E-PROM. An initiator can request and
receive from the drive a list of default values and use those in a Mode Select command to set up new current and saved values, where
the values are changeable.
2. Saved values
Saved values are stored on the drive’s media using a Mode Select command. Only parameter values that are allowed to be changed
can be changed by this method. Parameters in the saved values list that are not changeable by the Mode Select command get their
values from default values storage.
When power is applied to the drive, it takes saved values from the media and stores them as current values in volatile memory. It is not
possible to change the current values (or the saved values) with a Mode Select command before the drive achieves operating speed
and is “ready.” An attempt to do so results in a “Check Condition” status.
On drives requiring unique saved values, the required unique saved values are stored into the saved values storage location on the
media prior to shipping the drive. Some drives may have unique firmware with unique default values also.
On standard OEM drives, the saved values are taken from the default values list and stored into the saved values storage location on
the media prior to shipping.
3. Current values
Current values are volatile values being used by the drive to control its operation. A Mode Select command can be used to change the
values identified as changeable values. Originally, current values are installed from saved or default values after a power on reset,
hard reset, or Bus Device Reset message.
4. Changeable values
Changeable values form a bit mask, stored in nonvolatile memory, that dictates which of the current values and saved values can be
changed by a Mode Select command. A one (1) indicates the value can be changed. A zero (0) indicates the value is not changeable.
For example, in Table 10, refer to Mode page 81, in the row entitled “CHG.” These are hex numbers representing the changeable val-
ues for Mode page 81. Note in columns 5 and 6 (bytes 04 and 05), there is 00h which indicates that in bytes 04 and 05 none of the bits
are changeable. Note also that bytes 06, 07, 09, 10, and 11 are not changeable, because those fields are all zeros. In byte 02, hex
value FF equates to the binary pattern 11111111. If there is a zero in any bit position in the field, it means that bit is not changeable.
Since all of the bits in byte 02 are ones, all of these bits are changeable.
The changeable values list can only be changed by downloading new firmware into the flash E-PROM.
Note. Because there are often several different versions of drive control firmware in the total population of drives in the field, the
Mode Sense values given in the following tables may not exactly match those of some drives.
The following tables list the values of the data bytes returned by the drive in response to the Mode Sense command pages for SCSI
implementation (see the SAS Interface Manual).
DEF = Default value. Standard OEM drives are shipped configured this way.
CHG = Changeable bits; indicates if default value is changeable.
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
49
Table 10 Mode Sense data changeable and default values for 2TB drives
MODE DATA HEADER:
01 92 00 10 00 00 00 08
BLOCK DESCRIPTOR:
e8 e0 88 b0 00 00 02 00
MODE PAGES:
DEF 81 0a c0 0b ff 00 00 00 05 00 ff ff
CHG 81 0a ff ff 00 00 00 00 ff 00 ff ff
DEF 82 0e 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 3a 00 00 00 00
CHG 82 0e 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff ff 00 00 00 00
DEF 83 16 bb d0 00 00 00 00 03 80 04 c4 02 00 00 01 00 9c 00 26 40 00 00 00
CHG 83 16 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 84 16 03 cc a8 08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1c 22 00 00
CHG 84 16 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 87 0a 00 0b ff 00 00 00 00 00 ff ff
CHG 87 0a 0f ff 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff ff
DEF 88 12 14 00 ff ff 00 00 ff ff ff ff 80 20 00 00 00 00 00 00
CHG 88 12 a5 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff 00 00 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 8a 0a 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 48 44
CHG 8a 0a 03 f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 18 06 06 00 00 00 00 00
CHG 18 06 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 99 0e 06 00 07 d0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
CHG 99 0e 10 00 ff ff ff ff 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 9a 26 00 00 00 00 00 0a 00 00 8c a0 00 00 17 70 00 00 46 50 00 00 46 50 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
CHG 9a 26 01 0f ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 9c 0a 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01
CHG 9c 0a 9d 0f ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
DEF 80 06 00 80 0f 00 00 00
CHG 80 06 b7 c0 8f 00 00 00
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
50
Table 11 Mode Sense data changeable and default values for 1TB drives
MODE DATA HEADER:
01 92 00 10 00 00 00 08
BLOCK DESCRIPTOR:
74 70 6d b0 00 00 02 00
MODE PAGES:
DEF 81 0a c0 0b ff 00 00 00 05 00 ff ff
CHG 81 0a ff ff 00 00 00 00 ff 00 ff ff
DEF 82 0e 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 3a 00 00 00 00
CHG 82 0e 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff ff 00 00 00 00
DEF 83 16 bb d0 00 00 00 00 03 80 04 c4 02 00 00 01 00 7e 00 26 40 00 00 00
CHG 83 16 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 84 16 03 cc a8 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1c 22 00 00
CHG 84 16 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 87 0a 00 0b ff 00 00 00 00 00 ff ff
CHG 87 0a 0f ff 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff ff
DEF 88 12 14 00 ff ff 00 00 ff ff ff ff 80 20 00 00 00 00 00 00
CHG 88 12 a5 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff 00 00 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 8a 0a 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 2b 5c
CHG 8a 0a 03 f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 18 06 06 00 00 00 00 00
CHG 18 06 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 99 0e 06 00 07 d0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
CHG 99 0e 10 00 ff ff ff ff 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 9a 26 00 00 00 00 00 0a 00 00 8c a0 00 00 17 70 00 00 46 50 00 00 46 50 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
CHG 9a 26 01 0f ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 9c 0a 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01
CHG 9c 0a 9d 0f ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
DEF 80 06 00 80 0f 00 00 00
CHG 80 06 b7 c0 8f 00 00 00
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
51
Table 12 Mode Sense data changeable and default values for 500GB drives
MODE DATA HEADER:
01 92 00 10 00 00 00 08
BLOCK DESCRIPTOR:
3a 38 60 30 00 00 02 00
MODE PAGES:
DEF 81 0a c0 0b ff 00 00 00 05 00 ff ff
CHG 81 0a ff ff 00 00 00 00 ff 00 ff ff
DEF 82 0e 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 3a 00 00 00 00
CHG 82 0e 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff ff 00 00 00 00
DEF 83 16 bb d0 00 00 00 00 03 80 04 c4 02 00 00 01 00 7e 00 26 40 00 00 00
CHG 83 16 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 84 16 03 cc a8 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1c 22 00 00
CHG 84 16 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 87 0a 00 0b ff 00 00 00 00 00 ff ff
CHG 87 0a 0f ff 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff ff
DEF 88 12 14 00 ff ff 00 00 ff ff ff ff 80 20 00 00 00 00 00 00
CHG 88 12 a5 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff 00 00 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 8a 0a 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 7f ff
CHG 8a 0a 03 f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 18 06 06 00 00 00 00 00
CHG 18 06 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 99 0e 06 00 07 d0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
CHG 99 0e 10 00 ff ff ff ff 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 9a 26 00 00 00 00 00 0a 00 00 8c a0 00 00 17 70 00 00 46 50 00 00 46 50 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
CHG 9a 26 01 0f ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 9c 0a 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01
CHG 9c 0a 9d 0f ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
DEF 80 06 00 80 0f 00 00 00
CHG 80 06 b7 c0 8f 00 00 00
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
52
11.4
MISCELLANEOUS OPERATING FEATURES AND CONDITIONS
Table 13 lists various features and conditions. A “Y” in the support column indicates the feature or condition is supported. An “N” in the
support column indicates the feature or condition is not supported.
Table 13 Miscellaneous features
Supported
Feature or condition
N
N
N
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Automatic contingent allegiance
Asynchronous event notification
Synchronized (locked) spindle operation
Segmented caching
Zero latency read
Queue tagging (up to 64 queue tags supported)
Deferred error handling
Parameter rounding (controlled by Round bit in Mode Select page 0)
Reporting actual retry count in Extended Sense bytes 15, 16, and 17
Adaptive caching
SMP = 1 in Mode Select command needed to save RPL and rotational offset bytes
Table 14 Miscellaneous status
Supported
Status
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Good
Check condition
Condition met/good
Busy
Intermediate/good
Intermediate/condition met/good
Reservation conflict
Task set full
ACA active
ACA active, faulted initiator
11.4.1 SAS physical interface
Details of the physical, electrical, and logical characteristics are provided within this section. The operational aspects of Seagate’s SAS
drives are provided in the SAS Interface Manual.
Figure 16.
Physical interface
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
53
0.80 (6X)
5.92
7.62
4.65
0.52 0.08 x 45
2.00 (3X)
0.45 0.03 (7X)
0.10 M E
5.08
42.73 REF.
41.13 0.15
0.20B
0.30 0.05 (2X)
C
A
B
1.10
4.00 0.08
0.15D
C OF DATUM D
L
R0.30 0.08 (4X)
A
0.30 0.05 (4X)
B
C
SEE Detail1
B
33.43 0.05
15.875
15.875
1.27 (14X)
1.27 (6X)
0.84 0.05 (22X)
5.08
0.15B
4.90 0.08
0.35MIN
P15
S1
P1
S7
C OF DATUM B
L
Figure 17.
SAS device plug dimensions
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
54
Detail A
6.10
S14
S8
0.30 0.05 x 45 (5X)
2.25 0.05
0.40 0.05 X 45 (3X)
4.85 0.05
0.10B
CORING ALLOWED
IN THIS AREA.
E
4.40 0.15
R0.30 0.08
45
C
SEE Detail 2
1.95 0.08
A
0.35 0.05
SECTION C - C
3.90 0.15
SECTION A - A
CONTACT SURFACE FLUSH
TO DATUM A 0.03
0.08 0.05
65
1.90 0.08
1.23 0.05
0.08 0.05
30
Detail 2
2.40 0.08
0.10 A
SECTION B - B
D
Figure 18.
SAS device plug dimensions (detail)
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
55
11.4.2 Physical characteristics
This section defines physical interface connector.
11.4.3 Connector requirements
Contact your preferred connector manufacturer for mating part information. Part numbers for SAS connectors will be provided in a future
revision of this publication when production parts are available from major connector manufacturers.
11.4.4 Electrical description
SAS drives use the device connector for:
• DC power
• SAS interface
• Activity LED
This connector is designed to either plug directly into a backpanel or accept cables.
11.4.5 Pin descriptions
This section provides a pin-out of the SAS device and a description of the functions provided by the pins.
Table 15 SAS pin descriptions
Pin
S1
Signal name
Port A Ground
+Port A_in
Signal type
Pin
P1*
P2*
P3
Signal name
NC (reserved 3.3Volts)
NC (reserved 3.3Volts)
NC (reserved 3.3Volts)
Ground
Signal type
S2*
S3*
S4
Diff. input pair
-Port A_in
Port A Ground
-Port A_out
+Port A_out
Port A Ground
Port B Ground
+Port B_in
P4
S5*
S6*
S7
Diff output pair
P5
Ground
P6
Ground
P7
5 Volts charge
5 Volts
S8
P8*
P9*
P10
P11*
P12
P13
P14*
P15*
S9*
S10*
S11
S12*
S13*
S14
Diff. input pair
Diff output pair
5 Volts
-Port B_in
Ground
Port A Ground
-Port B_out
+Port B_out
Port B Ground
Ready LED
Ground
Open collector out
12 Volts charge
12 Volts
12 Volts
* - Short pin to support hot plugging
NC - No connection in the drive.
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
56
11.4.6 SAS transmitters and receivers
noise.
1
X
X
l
1
1
1
Figure 19.
SAS transmitters and receivers
11.4.7 Power
The drive receives power (+5 volts and +12 volts) through the SAS device connector.
Three +12 volt pins provide power to the drive, 2 short and 1 long. The current return for the +12 volt power supply is through the common
ground pins. The supply current and return current must be distributed as evenly as possible among the pins.
Three +5 volt pins provide power to the drive, 2 short and 1 long. The current return for the +5 volt power supply is through the common
ground pins. The supply current and return current must be distributed as evenly as possible among the pins.
Current to the drive through the long power pins may be limited by the system to reduce inrush current to the drive during hot plugging.
11.5
SIGNAL CHARACTERISTICS
name information.
11.5.1 Ready LED Out
Table 16 Ready LED Out conditions
NORMAL COMMAND ACTIVITY
Ready LED Meaning bit mode page 19h
Spun down and no activity
LED STATUS
0
1
Off
On
On
Off
Off
On
Off
On
Spun down and activity (command executing)
Spun up and no activity
Spun up and activity (command executing)
Spinning up or down
Blinks steadily
(50% on and 50% off, 0.5 seconds on and off for 0.5 seconds)
Format in progress, each cylinder change
Toggles on/off
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
57
The Ready LED Out signal is designed to pull down the cathode of an LED. The anode is attached to the proper +3.3 volt supply through
an appropriate current limiting resistor. The LED and the current limiting resistor are external to the drive. See Table 17 for the output
characteristics of the LED drive signals.
Table 17 LED drive signal
STATE
TEST CONDITION
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
LED off, high
0 V ≤ VOH ≤ 3.6 V
-100 μA < I < 100 μA
OH
LED on, low
I
= 15 mA
0 ≤ VOL ≤ 0.225 V
OL
11.5.2 Differential signals
The drive SAS differential signals comply with the intra-enclosure (internal connector) requirements of the SAS standard.
Table 18 defines the general interface characteristics.
Table 18 General interface characteristics
CHARACTERISTIC
UNITS
1.5GB/S
3.0GB/S
6.0GB/S
Bit rate (nominal)
Mbaud
ps
1,500
666.6
100
3,000
333.3
100
6,000
166.6
100
Unit interval (UI)(nominal)
Impedance (nominal, differential )
Transmitter transients, maximum
Receiver transients, maximum
ohm
V
1.2
1.2
1.2
V
1.2
1.2
1.2
11.6
SAS-2 SPECIFICATION COMPLIANCE
Seagate SAS-2 drives are entirely compatible with the latest SAS-2 Specification (T10/1760-D) Revision 16.
The most important characteristic of the SAS-2 drive at 6Gb/s is that the receiver is capable of adapting the equalizer to optimize the
receive margins. The SAS-2 drive has two types of equalizers:
1. A Decision Feedback Equalizer (DFE) which utilizes the standard SAS-2 training pattern transmitted during the SNW-3 training gap.
The DFE circuit can derive an optimal equalization characteristic to compensate for many of the receive losses in the system.
2. A Feed Forward Equalizer (FFE) optimized to provide balanced receive margins over a range of channels bounded by the best and
worst case channels as defined by the relevant ANSI standard.
11.7
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Please contact your Seagate representative for SAS electrical details, if required.
For more information about the Phy, Link, Transport, and Applications layers of the SAS interface, refer to the Seagate SAS Interface
Manual, part number 100293071.
For more information about the SCSI commands used by Seagate SAS drives, refer to the Seagate SCSI Commands Reference Manual,
part number 100293068.
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
58
INDEX
NUMERICS
12 volt
unformatted 9
CBC 36
pins 57
condensation 31
connector
A
acoustics 33
actuator 8
illustrated 42
illustrated 56
requirements 56
cooling 41
CRC
error 12
C-Tick 3
altitude 31
ambient 31
D
DAR 40
ANSI documents
SCSI 5
data block size
auto write and read reallocation
programmable 7
data heads
read/write 9
data rate
internal 9
requirements 19
decrypt 36
defects 38
DEK 36
B
backpanel 56
BandMasterX 36
BMS 39
BSMI 4
buffer
data 7
space 10
description 6
DFE 58
dimensions 34
drive 33
C
capacity
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
59
INDEX
humidity 31
E
electrical
specifications 18
I
Idle1 18
Idle2 18
Idle3 18
installation 41
environment 41
environmental
guide 5
limits 31
interface
requirements 12
EraseMaster 36
errors 12
error
illustrated 53
management 38
physical 53
rates 12
errors 38
requirements 43
interleave
minimum 10
IRAW 40
F
features 7
interface 43
FFE 58
J
FIPS 35
jumpers 41
firmware 7
K
corruption 47
KCC 4
L
function
latency
LockOnReset 36
G
gradient 31
grounding 42
M
maintenance 12
H
heads
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
60
INDEX
miscellaneous feature support
performance characteristics
detailed 9
general 10
miscellaneous status support
Busy 53
power 57
dissipation 25
Good 53
Intermediate/good 53
sequencing 22
PowerChoice 18
PowerCycle 36
Mode sense
mounting 42
holes 42
orientations 41
MSID 36
Q
R
receivers 57
reference
N
noise
audible 3
temperature 31
O
options 8
documents 5
reliability 8
specifications 12
resonance 31
RevertSP 37
RNG 36
P
packaged 32
password 36
passwords 36
PCBA 42
RoHS 4
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
61
INDEX
S
safety 3
SAS
TCG 36
interface 56
SCSI interface
seek error
limits 31
non-operating 31
regulation 3
See also cooling
terminators 41
transmitters 57
defined 12
rate 12
seek time
shielding 3
U
unformatted 8
V
shipping 17
shock 32
W
warranty 17
Z
SID 36
signal
characteristics 57
standards 3
Standby1 18
Standby2 18
surface stiffness
switches 41
synchronized spindle
operation 53
T
CONSTELLATION ES.1 SAS PRODUCT MANUAL, REV. G
62
Seagate Technology LLC
AMERICAS Seagate Technology LLC 10200 South De Anza Boulevard, Cupertino, California 95014, United States, 408-658-1000
ASIA/PACIFIC Seagate Singapore International Headquarters Pte. Ltd. 7000 Ang Mo Kio Avenue 5, Singapore 569877, 65-6485-3888
EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA Seagate Technology SAS 16-18 rue du Dôme, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France, 33 1-4186 10 00
Publication Number: 100650925, Rev. G
February 2013
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