MQ162-03
Application Manual
Real Time Clock Module
RTC-72421/72423
Model
Product Number
RTC-72421 A
RTC-72421 B
RTC-72423 A
RTC-72423
Q4272421x000100
Q4272421x000200
Q4272423x000600
Q4272423x000700
RTC - 72421 / 72423
CONTENTS
Overview............................................................................................. 1
Block diagram ..................................................................................... 1
Terminal connections.......................................................................... 2
Terminal functions............................................................................... 3
Characteristics .................................................................................... 4
1. Absolute maximum ratings........................................................................................ 4
2. Recommended operating conditions......................................................................... 4
3. Frequency characteristics and current consumption characteristics.......................... 4
4. Electrical characteristics ( DC characteristics ) ......................................................... 4
Switching characteristics (AC characteristics) ........................................... 5
1. When ALE is used .................................................................................................... 5
2. When ALE is fixed at VDD......................................................................................... 6
Registers............................................................................................. 7
1. Register table............................................................................................................ 7
2. Notes ........................................................................................................................ 7
3. Functions of register bits (overview).......................................................................... 7
4. Setting the fixed-period pulse output mode and fixed-period interrupt mode............. 8
5. Resetting the fixed-period pulse output mode and fixed-period interrupt mode......... 8
Register description ............................................................................ 9
1. Timing registers ........................................................................................................ 9
2. CD register (control register D) ............................................................................... 10
3. CE register (control register E)................................................................................ 11
4. CF register (control register F)................................................................................ 13
Using the RTC-72421/RTC-72423.....................................................14
1. Power-on procedure (initialization).......................................................................... 14
2. Read/write of S1 to W registers .............................................................................. 16
3. Write to 30-second ADJ bit ..................................................................................... 16
4. Using the CS1 pin ................................................................................................... 17
Power supply circuit example.............................................................17
Examples of connection to general-purpose microprocessor.............18
External dimensions...........................................................................19
Marking layout....................................................................................19
Reference data ..................................................................................20
Application notes................................................................................21
1. Notes on handling................................................................................................... 21
2. Notes on packaging ................................................................................................ 21
RTC - 72421 / 72423
4-BIT PARALLEL INTERFACE REAL TIME CLOCK MODULE
RTC - 72421 / 72423
• Built-in crystal unit removes need for adjustment and reduces installation costs
• Microprocessor bus compatible ( tWW, tRD = 120 ns )
• Use of C-MOS IC enables low current consumption ( 5 µA Max., at VDD = 2.0 V )
• Compatibility with Intel CPU bus
• Address latch enable (ALE) pin compatible with multiplex bus CPUs
• Time (hours, minutes, seconds) and calendar (year, month, day) counter
• 24-hour/12-hour switchover and automatic leap-year correction functions
• Fixed-period interrupt function
• 30-seconds correction (adjustment) function
• Stop, start, and reset functions
• Battery back-up function
• Same mounting conditions as general-purpose SMD ICs possible (RTC-72423)
∗ Pins and functions compatible with the SMC-5242 series
Overview
The RTC-72421/RTC-72423 module is a real time clock that can be connected directly to a microprocessor's bus. Its built-in crystal
unit enables highly accurate time-keeping with no physical access required for adjustment and, since there is no need to connect
external components, mounting and other costs can be reduced.
In addition to its time and calendar functions, the RTC-72421/RTC-72423 enables the use of 30-seconds correction and fixed-
period interrupt functions.
The RTC-72421/RTC-72423 module is ideally suited for applications requiring timing management, such as personal computers,
dedicated word-processors, fax machines, multi-function telephones, and sequencers.
Block diagram
RTC-72421/72423
OSC
Counter
D3
D2
D1
D0
RESET STOP
HOLD
bit
BUSY
bit
Gate
Gate
bit
bit
24/12
bit
30sec ADJ
bit
S1
S10
D10
MI1
MI10
H1
Y1
H10
Y10
W
WR
RD
A3
A2
A1
S1 to CF
D1
MO1 MO10
Decoder
Latch
A0
CS0
Output Selector
ALE
CS1
STD.P
64 Hz
1 Second carry
1 Minute carry
1 Hour carry
CD
CE
CF
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MQ - 162 - 03
RTC - 72421 / 72423
Terminal connections
RTC-72421
RTC-72423
DD
STD.P
1
2
24
23
22
V
VDD
VDD
STD.P 1
18
17
16
(
(
)
)
0
DD
V
CS
(
)
CS0
ALE
A0
2
3
DD
V
N.C.
ALE
3
4
21 N.C.
(
)
VDD
0
1
A
5
20 CS
4
5
6
7
8
9
15 CS1
14 D0
13 D1
12 D2
11 D3
10 WR
0
N.C.
6
19
D
1
A
7
18 N.C.
17 N.C.
1
A1
N.C.
8
2
A
9
16
15
14
D
D
D
A2
3
2
3
A
10
11
12
A3
RD
GND
13 WR
RD
GND
The (VDD) pins are at the same electrical level as VDD. Do not connect these pins externally. The N.C. pins are not connected
internally. Ground them in order to prevent noise.
Page - 2
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RTC - 72421 / 72423
Terminal functions
Pin No.
RTC-72421 RTC-72423
Input/ou
tput
Function
Signal
Connect these pines to a bi-directional data bus or CPU data bus. Use this bus
to read to and write from the internal counter and registers.
CS1 CS0 RD WR
Mode of D0 to D3
Output mode (read mode)
Input mode (write mode)
Do not use
H
H
H
L
L
L
L
L
H
H
L
L
D0-D3
(Data bus)
Bi-
direction
11−14
14−16, 19
L
H or L
High impedance (back-up mode)
High impedance (RTC not selected)
H
H
H or L
Address input pins used for connection to CPU address, etc. Used to select the
RTC’s internal counter and registers (address selection).
When the RTC is connected to a multiplexed-bus type of CPU, these pines can
also be used in combination with the ALE described below
A0-A3
(Address bus)
5, 7, 9, 10
Input
Input
4−7
Reads in address data and
When the ALE is high, the address data and
When the (through-mode) ALE falls, the address data and
state for internal latching.
state is read into the RTC.
state at that
status are maintained while
CS0
CS0
CS0
point are held. The held address data and
the ALE is low.
CS0
ALE
3
4
(Address Latch Enable)
Address data and CS0 status
ALE
H
Read into the RTC to set address data
Held in the RTC (latched at the trailing edge of the ALE)
L
If the RTC is connected to a CPU that does not have an ALE pin and thus there
is no need to use this ALE pin, fix it to VDD.
Writes the data on D0 to D3 into the register of the address specified by A0 to
WR
A3, at the leading edge of
WR
.
10
8
13
11
Input
Input
(WRite)
Make sure that
and
are never low at the same time.
RD
WR
Output data to D0 to D3 from the register at the address specified by A0 to A3,
while is low.
RD
RD
(ReaD)
Make sure that
and
are never low at the same time.
RD
WR
When CS1 is high and
read and write are enabled.
is low, the RTC’s chip-select function is valid and
CS0
When the RTC is connected to a multiplexed-bus type of CPU,
requires
CS0
CS1, CS
0
15,2
20,2
Input
the operation of the ALE (see the description of the ALE).
(Chip Select)
Use CS1 connected to a power voltage detection circuit. When CS1 is high, the
RTC is enabled; when it is low, the RTC is on standby.
When CS1 goes low, the HOLD and RESET bits in the RTC registers are
cleared to 0.
This is an N-channel open drain output pin.
Depending on the setting of the CE register, a fixed-period interrupt signal and a
pulse signal are output.
The output from this pin cannot be inhibited by the CS1 and
signals.
CS0
Use a load voltage that is less than or equal to VDD. If not using this pin, keep it
open-circuit.
An example of STD.P connection is shown below.
+5 V or VDD
RTC
STD.P
(STanDard Pulse)
At least 2.2 kΩ
1
1
Output
STD.P
If the STD.P output is not be used during standby operation, connecting the pull-
up resister to +5 V provides a reduction in current consumption. If the STD.P
output is to be used even during standby, connect the pull-up resistor to the
RTC’s VDD. In this case, the current consumption will be increased by the
amount of current flowing through the pull-up resistor.
Connect this pin to power source. Supply to 5 V ± 10 % to this pin during normal
operation; at least 2 V during battery back-up operation.
VDD
18
24
12
Connect this pin to ground.
GND
9
These pins are connected internally to VDD. Leave them open circuit.
(VDD)
16, 17
22,23
3, 6, 8,
17, 18, 21
These pins are not connected internally. Ground them.
N.C.
−
Page - 3
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RTC - 72421 / 72423
Characteristics
1. Absolute maximum ratings
Item
Supply voltage
Input voltage
Symbol
Condition
Specification
−0.3 to 7.0
GND−0.3 to VDD+0.3
GND−0.3 to VDD
Unit
V
VDD
Ta=+25 °C
Ta=+25 °C
Ta=+25 °C
VI
V
Output voltage
VO
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RTC - 72421 / 72423
Switching characteristics (AC characteristics)
1. When ALE is used
Write mode
( VDD=5 V ± 0.5 V, RTC-72421;Ta=−10 °C to +70 °C, RTC-72423;Ta=−40 °C to +85 °C )
Item
Symbol
tSU(CS1)
tSU(A-ALE)
th(ALE-A)
tw(ALE)
Condition
Min.
1000
50
Max.
Unit
CS1 set-up time
Address set-up time before ALE
Address hold time after ALE
ALE pulse width
50
80
ALE set-up time before write
Write pulse width
tSU(ALE-W)
tw(W)
0
120
50
ns
ALE set-up time after write
Data input set-up time before write
Data input hold time after write
CS1 hold time
tSU(W-ALE)
tSU(D-W)
th(W-D)
80
10
th(CS1)
1000
200
Write recovery time
trec(W)
Read mode
( VDD=5 V ± 0.5 V, RTC-72421;Ta=−10 °C to +70 °C, RTC-72423;Ta=−40 °C to +85 °C )
Item
Symbol
tSU(CS1)
tSU(A-ALE)
th(ALE-A)
tw(ALE)
Condition
Min.
1000
50
Max.
Unit
CS1 set-up time
Address set-up time before ALE
Address hold time after ALE
ALE pulse width
50
80
ALE set-up time before read
ALE set-up time after read
Data output transfer time after read
Data output floating transfer time after read
CS1 hold time
tSU(ALE-R)
tSU(R-ALE)
tPZV(R-Q)
tPVZ(R-Q)
th(CS1)
0
ns
50
CL=150 pF
120
70
0
1000
200
Read recovery time
trec(W)
(1) Write mode
VIH2
VIH2
CS1
tsu(CS1)
th(CS1)
tsu(A-ALE)
th(ALE-A)
VIH1
VIH1
VIL1
A0 to A3
CS0
VIL1
tw(ALE)
VIH1
VIH1
ALE
VIL1
tsu(ALE-W)
VIH1
VIL1
VIL1
tsu(W-ALE)
VIH1
tw(W)
WR
VIL1
th(W-D)
tsu(D-W)
VIH1
VIL1
VIH1
VIL1
D0 to D3
(Input)
(2) Read mode
VIH2
VIH2
CS1
tsu(CS1)
tsu(A-ALE)
th(CS1)
th(ALE-A)
VIH1
VIL1
VIH1
VIL1
A0 to A3
CS0
tw(ALE)
VIH1
VIH1
ALE
RD
VIL1
tsu(ALE-R)
VIH1
VIL1
VIL1
tsu(R-ALE)
VIH1
VIL1
tpvz(R-Q)
VIH1
tpzv(R-Q)
VIH1
VIL1
D0 to D3
(Input)
VIL1
Page - 5
MQ - 162 - 03
RTC - 72421 / 72423
2. When ALE is fixed at V
DD
Write mode
( VDD=5 V ± 0.5 V, RTC-72421;Ta=−10 °C to +70 °C, RTC-72423;Ta=−40 °C to +85 °C )
Item
Symbol
tSU(CS1)
th(CS1)
tSU(A-W)
th(W-A)
tw(W)
Condition
Min.
1000
1000
50
Max.
Unit
CS1 set-up time
CS1 hold time
Address set-up time before write
Address hold time after write
Write pulse width
10
ns
120
80
Data input set-up time before write
Data input hold time after write
Write recovery time
tSU(D-W)
th(W-D)
trec(W)
10
200
Read mode
( VDD=5 V ± 0.5 V, RTC-72421;Ta=−10 °C to +70 °C, RTC-72423;Ta=−40 °C to +85 °C )
Item
Symbol
tSU(CS1)
th(CS1)
tSU(A-R)
th(R-A)
Condition
Min.
1000
1000
50
Max.
Unit
CS1 set-up time
CS1 hold time
Address set-up time before read
Address hold time after read
Data output transfer time after read
Data output floating transfer time after read
Read recovery time
10
ns
tpzv(R-Q)
tpvz(R-Q)
trec(R)
CL=150 pF
120
70
0
200
(1) Write mode
VIH2
VIH2
CS1
tsu(CS1)
th(CS1)
VIH1
VIH1
VIL1
A0 to A3
CS0
VIL1
tsu(A-W)
tw(W)
th(W-A)
VIH1
VIL1
VIH1
WR
VIL1
th(W-D)
tsu(D-W)
VIH1
VIL1
VIH1
VIL1
D0 to D3
(Input)
(2) Read mode
VIH2
VIH2
CS1
tsu(CS1)
th(CS1)
VIH1
VIH1
VIL1
A0 to A3
CS0
VIL1
tsu(A-R)
th(R-A)
VIH1
VIL1
VIH1
RD
VIL1
tpvz(R-Q)
tpzv(R-Q)
VOH
VOL
VOH
VOL
D0 to D3
(Output)
(3) Read/write recovery mode
trec(R/W)
VIH1
VIH1
RD,WR
Page - 6
MQ - 162 - 03
RTC - 72421 / 72423
Registers
1. Register table
Address
Register
name
Data
Count
(BCD)
A3
A2
A1
A0
Remarks
(Hex)
D3
D2
D1
D0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
B
C
D
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
S1
S10
MI1
MI10
H1
s8
s4
s40
mi4
mi40
h4
s2
s20
mi2
mi20
h2
s1
s10
mi1
mi10
h1
0 to 9
0 to 5
0 to 9
0 to 5
0 to 9
0 to1 or 2
0 to 9
0 to 3
0 to 9
0 to 1
0 to 9
0 to 9
0 to 6
1-second digit register
10-seconds digit register
1-minute digit register
10-minute digit register
1-hour digit register
*
mi8
*
h8
H10
D1
*
PM/AM
d4
h20
d2
h10
d1
10-hours digit register
1-day digit register
d8
D10
MO1
MO10
Y1
*
*
d20
mo2
*
d10
mo1
mo10
y1
10-days digit register
1-month digit register
10-months digit register
1-year digit register
mo8
mo4
*
*
y8
y80
y4
y2
Y10
W
y40
w4
y20
w2
y10
w1
10-years digit register
Day-of-the-week register
Control register D
*
CD
30s ADJ
IRQ FLAG
BUSY
HOLD
ITRPT/
STND
STOP
E
F
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
CE
CF
t1
t0
MASK
Control register E
Control register F
TEST
24/12
RESET
2. Notes
The counts at addresses 0 to C are all positive logic. Therefore, a register bit that is 1 appears as a high-level signal on the data bus.
Data representation is BCD.
Do not set an impossible date or time in the RTC. If such a value is set, the effect is unpredictable.
When the power is turned on (before the RTC is initialized), the state of all bits is undefined. Therefore, write to all registers after
power-on, to set initial values. For details of the initialization procedure, see "Using the RTC-72421/RTC-72423".
The TEST bit of control register F is used by EPSON for testing. Operation cannot be guaranteed if 1 is written to this bit, so make
sure that it is set to 0 during power-on initialization.
3. Functions of register bits (overview)
Bit name
Function
Not used. Writing to this bit has no effect; reading it always returns 0.
All written BCD code.
* mark
Seconds to year digit
This is special (base 7) counter that increments each time the day digits are incremented. It counts from 0 to 6. Since the value in the
counter bears no relationship to the day of the week, the user can choose the coding that relates the counter value to the day of the
week. The following is just one example of this relationship.
Day-of-the-week digit
Count
Day
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday Thursday
Friday
Saturday
The PM/AM bit is 1 for p.m. times; 0 for a.m. times. This bit is valid only for 12-hour-clock mode (when the 24/12 bit is 0); in 24-hour-
clock mode (when the 24/12 bit is 1), this bit is always 0.
PM/AM
30-seconds ADJ
Writing 1 to this bit executes a 30-seconds correction.
The IRQ FLAG bit is set to 1 when an interrupt request is generated in fixed-period interrupt mode. Writing 0 to this bit clears it. Note
that it is possible to write 1 to this bit, but this will have no effect.
IRQ FLAG
In fixed-period pulse output mode, this bit is at 1 while the pulse output is active(While the STD.P pin output is low), and is
automatically cleared when pulse output ends. Writing 0 to this bit while pulse output is active forcibly cancels the pulse output.
Use the BUSY bit when accessing data in the S1 to W registers. This bit is set to 1 during the incrementation cycle of the S1 to W
registers, and is set to 0 otherwise. When the BUSY bit is 1, access to the S1 to W registers is inhibited.
BUSY
HOLD
Note that the HOLD bit must also be used when accessing the S1 to W registers. The BUSY bit is always 1 when the HOLD bit is 0.
There is no need to check the BUSY bit when accessing the control registers (CD, CE and CF).
When 1 has been written to the HOLD bit, the status of the BUSY bit can be checked. While the HOLD bit is 1, any incrementation of
the digits is held just once. (The incrementation is held only once, even if the HOLD bit remains at 1 for two or more seconds.)
Clear the HOLD bit to 0 by forcing the CS1 pin low.
t1,t0
These bits set the timing for fixed-period pulse output and interrupts (1/64 seconds, 1 second, 1minute or 1 hour).
The ITRPT/STND bit sets fixed-period pulse output mode and fixed-period interrupt mode. Write 1 to this bit to set interrupt(INRPT)
mode; when write 0 to it to set pulse output(STND) mode.
ITRPT/STND
The MASK bit disables fixed-period pulse output and fixed-period interrupts. Write 1 to this bit to mask and inhibit these modes; write
0 to it to enable these modes.
MASK
TEST
The TEST bit is used by EPSON for test purposes. Operation cannot be guaranteed if 1 is written to this bit, so make sure that it is
set to 0 during power-on initialization.
The 24/12 bit switches between 24-hour clock and 12-hour clock. Write 1 to this bit to set 24-hour mode; write 0 to it to set 12-hour
mode. When the 24/12 bit is set, both the timer registers and the timer mode must be reset to match. Note that the h20 bit of the H10
register is always in 12-hour-clock mode.
24/12
The STOP bit sets an inhibition on clock operation in 8192 Hz steps which are divisions of the 1 second signal from the RTC’s
internal 32768 Hz oscillation source. The clock is inhibited when the STOP bit is 1, and released again when it becomes 0. The
internal oscillation circuit continues to operate even when the STOP bit is 1.
STOP
The RESET bit resets the part of the counter that is below one second. Write 1 to this bit to reset; 0 to release the reset.
The RESET bit set to 0 when the CS1 pin goes low.
RESET
Page - 7
MQ - 162 - 03
RTC - 72421 / 72423
4. Setting the fixed-period pulse output mode and fixed-period interrupt mode
Mode
pin
Setting of fixed-period output timing
MASK ITRPT/STND ITRPT/STND
STD.P
Fixed-period pulse output mode
Fixed-period interrupt mode
0
0
0
1
Set to 1 when Set low when
t1 bit
t0 bit
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
active
"0"
active
Fixed-period pulse output
inhibited
1
0 or 1
Open-circuit
Output period
1/64 s
1 s
1 min.
1 hour
5. Resetting the fixed-period pulse output mode and fixed-period interrupt mode
Mode
pin
IRQ FLAG
IRQ FLAG
STD.P
Reset immediately after the write
Reset immediately after the write
Fixed-period pulse output mode
MASK=0
write 0
("1" → "0")
("L" → "OPEN")
Automatically returned by the set period Automatically returned by the set period
ITRPT/STND=0
No write
("1" → "0")
Reset immediately after write
("1" → "0")
("L" → "OPEN")
Reset immediately after the write
("L" → "OPEN")
Fixed-period interrupt mode
MASK=0
write 0
ITRPT/STND=1
No write
The interrupt request continues, with no reset. Subsequent interrupt are ignored.
Page - 8
MQ - 162 - 03
RTC - 72421 / 72423
Register description
1. Timing registers
(1) S1 to Y10 registers
These registers are 4-bit, positive logic registers in which the digits of the year, month, day, hour, minute, and second are
continuously written in BCD code.
For example, when(1, 0, 0, 1) has been written to the bits of the S1 register, the current value in the S1 register is 9. As
described previously, data is handled by 4-bit BCD codes. Therefore, the S1 to Y10 registers consist of units registers and
tens registers.
When seconds are read, for example, the values in the S1 and S10 registers are both read out to give the total number of
seconds.
(2) W register
The W register is a counter that increments each time the day digits are incremented. It counts from 0 to 6. Since the value in
the counter bears no relationship to the day of the week, the user can choose the coding that relates the counter value to the
day of the week. The following is just one example of this relationship;
Count
Day
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday Thursday
Friday
Saturday
(3) H10 register (PM/AM, h20, h10)
The H10 register contains a combination of the 10-hours digit bits and the PM/AM bit. Therefore, the contents of this register
will depend on whether the 12-hour clock or 24-hour clock is selected. If the 12-hour clock is selected, the user must bear in
mind that this register will contain two types of data: 10-hour data in the h10 bit and a.m./p.m. data in the PM/AM bit. The
PM/AM bit is 0 for a.m. and 1 for p.m.
For example, if a value of 48 is obtained from the H10 and H1 registers when the H10, H1, M10, and M1 registers are read,
remember that the inclusion of a set PM/AM bit (PM/AM=1) will make the tens digit appear to be 4. Since this bit is 1, the time
is p.m. If the value read from the M10 and M1 registers is 00, the actual time should be read as 8:00 p.m.
Similarly, if the value read from the H10 and H1 registers is 11, the PM/AM bit is 0, and so this time is therefore a.m. If the
value read from the M10 and M1 registers is 30, this time should be read as 11:30 a.m.
When the 12-hour clock is used, the h20 bit should never be 1, but it is nonetheless physically possible to write a 1 in this bit.
The user should be careful to write a 0, to avoid unpredictable consequences. Note that, if a mistake in the PM/AM value is
made while in 12-hour-clock mode, the date digits will be half a day out. Correct setting is needed.
If the 24-hour clock is selected, the PM/AM bit will always be 0.
For details of how to set 12-hour or 24-hour clock, see the section on the 24/12 bit.
Setting
Possible times
12:00 to 11:59, a.m. and p.m.
00:00 to 23:59
12-hour clock
24-hour clock
(4) Y1 and Y10 registers
The Y1 and Y10 registers can handle the last two digits of the year in the Gregorian calendar.
Leap years are automatically identified, and this affects the handling of the month and day digits
for February 29.
Actual leap years and ordinary years
Year
Leap year Ordinary
year
1900
:
Ο
[ Leap years ]
In general, a year contains 365 days. However, the Earth takes slightly longer than exactly 365
days to rotate around the sun, so we need to set leap years in compensation. A leap year occurs
once every four years, in years in the Gregorian calendar that are divisible by four. However, a
further small correction is necessary in that years that are divisible by 100 are ordinary years, but
years that are further divisible by 400 are leap years.
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
:
Ο
Ο
Ο
Ο
Ο
Ο
Ο
Ο
Ο
Ο
Ο
Ο
Ο
The main leap and ordinary years since 1900 and into the future are listed on the right.
[ Leap years in the RTC-72421/72423 ]
To identify leap years, the RTC-72421/RTC-72423 checks whether or not the year digits are
divisible by four. As implied above, 2000 will be a leap year, and so no further correction will be
necessary in that case.
This process identifies the following years as leap years:
96, (20)00, (20)04, (20)08, (20)12...
The turn-of-the-century years for which the RTC-72421/RTC-72423 will require a correction are
shown shaded in the table on the right.
If Japanese-era years are set, accurate leap-year identification will only be possible if the era
years that are divisible by four are actually leap years. As it happens, years in the current era,
Heisei, that are divisible by four are leap years, which means that Heisei years can be set in these
registers.
2100
2200
2300
2400
Ο
Ο
Ο
Ο
(5) Out-of-range data
If an impossible date or time is set, this may cause errors. If such a date is set, the behavior of the device is in general
unpredictable, so make sure that impossible data is not set.
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RTC - 72421 / 72423
2. CD register (control register D)
(1) HOLD bit (D0)
Use the HOLD bit when accessing the S1 and W registers. For details, see "Read/write of S1 to W registers".
HOLD bit
Function HOLD bit
0
1
The BUSY bit is always 1 (the BUSY status cannot be checked).
The BUSY status can be checked. When the HOLD bits is 1 and the BUSY bit is 0, read and write are enabled.
When the HOLD bit is 1, any incrementation in the count is held within the RTC. The held incrementation is automatically
compensated for when the HOLD bit becomes 0. (Second and subsequent incrementations are ignored.) Therefore, if the
HOLD bit is at 1 for two or more seconds in succession, the time will be slightly slow (delay). Make sure that any access to
the S1 to W registers is completed within one second, then clear the HOLD bit to 0.
The status of the BUSY bit remains as set while the HOLD bit is at 1. If the HOLD bit is not cleared temporarily to 0, the
BUSY bit will not indicate any change within the RTC of the BUSY status. Therefore, when checking the status of the BUSY
bit, write 0 to the HOLD bit each time the BUSY bit is read, to update the status of the BUSY bit.
If the CS1 pin goes low while the HOLD bit is 1, the HOLD bit is automatically cleared to 0.
There is no need to use the HOLD bit when accessing the control registers (CD, CE, and CF).
(2) BUSY bit (D1)
The BUSY bit indicates whether or not the digits from the seconds digit onward are being incremented, and is used when
accessing the S1 to W registers. For details, see "Read/write of S1 to W registers".
There is no need to check the BUSY bit when accessing the control registers (CD, CE, and CF).
BUSY bit
Significance of the BUSY bit
Condition
Remarks
0
1
1
Access enable
HOLD=1
The RTC is not counting
Access disabled
The count has been incremented in the RTC (190 µs Max.)
The count cannot be checked
BUSY is always 1
HOLD=0
The status of the BUSY bit remains as set while the HOLD bit is at 1. If the HOLD bit is not cleared temporarily to 0, the
BUSY bit will not indicate any change within the RTC of the BUSY status. Therefore, when checking the status of the BUSY
bit, write 0 to the HOLD bit each time the BUSY bit is read, to update the status of the BUSY bit.
The BUSY bit is a read-only bit, so any attempt to write 1 or 0 to it is ignored.
(3) IRQ FLAG bit (D2)
The IRQ FLAG bit is an internal status bit that corresponds to the status of the STD.P pin output, to indicate whether or not an
interrupt request has been issued to the CPU. When the STD.P pin output is low, the IRQ FLAG bit is 1; when the STD.P pin
output is open-circuit, the IRQ FLAG bit is 0.
When writing data to the CD register, keep the IRQ FLAG bit at 1, except when deliberately writing 0 to it. Writing 0 to the IRQ
FLAG bit cancels its status if it had become 1 at that instant or just before.
i. Interrupt processing (interrupt status monitor function)
Since the IRQ FLAG bit indicates that an interrupt request has been generated to the CPU, it is in synchronization with
the status of the STD.P pin output. In other words, the status of the STD.P pin output can be monitored by monitoring the
IRQ FLAG bit.
In fixed-period pulse output mode, the relationship between the IRQ FLAG bit and the STD.P pin output is as follows:
STD.P pin output
IRQ FLAG bit
Low
1
Open(for open-drain output)
0
The timing of the IRQ FLAG bit and the STD.P pin output in fixed-period pulse output mode is as follows:
*STD.P pin output
IRQ FLAG bit
0
1
0
Approx.
1.95 ms
7.8125 ms
The output levels of the STD.P pin are low (down) and open circuit (up).
ii. STD.P pin output reset function
The STD.P pin output can be reset after an interrupt is generated by writing 0 to the IRQ FLAG bit.
The relationships of this operation are shown below. Note that writing 1 to this bit is possible, but it has no effect.
IRQ FLAG bit
STD.P pin output
1
0
Low
Open(for open-drain output)
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RTC - 72421 / 72423
*STD.P pin output
IRQ FLAG bit
0
1
0
1
Interrupt generation (in synchronization
with count incrementation)
Writing of 0 IRQ FLAG bit.
The output levels of the STD.P pin are low (down) and open circuit (up).
Note: If the STD.P pin output remains low as set, subsequently generated interrupts are ignored. In order to prevent
interrupts from being overlooked, write 0 to the IRQ FLAG bit before the next interrupt is generated, to return the STD.P
pin to high.
iii. Initial setting of IRQ FLAG bit
If the fixed-period interrupt mode is not used, set the IRQ FLAG bit to 1. If the fixed-period interrupt mode is used, set the
IRQ FLAG bit to 0.
(4) 30-second ADJ bit (D3)
The 30-seconds ADJ bit provides a 30-seconds correction (by which term is meant a rounding to the nearest whole minute)
when 1 is written to it. The 30-seconds correction takes a maximum of 76.3 µs to perform, and after the correction the 30-
seconds ADJ bit is automatically returned to 0. This operation also clears the sub-second bits of the internal counter down to
the 1/256-seconds counter. During the 30-seconds correction, access to the counter registers at addresses 0 to C is inhibited,
so monitor the 30-seconds ADJ bit to check that this bit has returned to 0, before starting subsequent processing. If no
access is made to the RTC for 76.3 µs or more after 1 is written to the 30-seconds ADJ bit, there is no need to check the 30-
seconds ADJ bit again.
i. Operation of 30-seconds ADJ bit
Writing 1 to the 30-seconds ADJ bit performs a 30-second correction. This 30-seconds correction changes the seconds
and minutes digits as shown below. If the minutes digits have been incremented, an upward carry is propagated.
Status of seconds digits before correction
Status of seconds digits after correction
00 seconds. No carry to the minutes digits.
0 seconds. Carry to the minutes digits.
Up to 29 seconds
30 to 59 seconds
Example: The correction caused by the 30-seconds ADJ bit sets the time within the RTC to 00:00:00 if it was within the
range of 00:00:00 to 00:00:29, or to 00:01:00 if it was within the range of 00:00:30 to 00:00:59.
ii. Access inhibited after 30-seconds correction
For 76.3 µs after 1 is written to the 30-seconds ADJ bit, the RTC is engaged in internal processing, so read to and write
from the S1 to W registers is inhibited. The 30-seconds ADJ bit is automatically cleared to 0 at the end of the 76.3 µs.
3. CE register (control register E)
(1) MASK bit (D0)
The MASK bit controls the STD.P pin output. The relationships between the MASK bit, ITRPT/STND bit, and STD.P pin
output are as follows:
MASK
ITRPT/STND
STD.P pin output
Fixed-period pulse output mode
Fixed-period interrupt mode
Open
0
0
1
0
1
0 or 1
The timings of the MASK bit, ITRPT/STND bit, and STD.P pin output are as follows:
1.Fixed-period pulse output mode (ITRPT/STND=0)
MASK bit
0
1
0
1
0
IRQ FLAG bit
*STD.P pin
0
1
0
1
0
Nothing is output because
the MASK bit is at 1
Output timing
Automatic return
The output levels of the STD.P pin are low (down) and open circuit(up).
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RTC - 72421 / 72423
2.Fixed-period interrupt mode (ITRPT/STND=1)
0
1
0
1
MASK bit
0
1
0
IRQ FLAG bit
*STD. P pin
Nothing is output because
the MASK bit is at 1
Interrupt timing
Reset at the point at which 0 is written to the IRF FLAG bit
No interrupts are generated while the MASK bit is at 1
The output levels of the STD.P pin are low(down) and open circuit(up).
(2) ITRPT/STND bit (D1)
The ITRPT/STND bit specifies fixed-period pulse output mode or fixed-period interrupt mode for the fixed-period operating
mode.
The mode selected by each setting of this bit is as follows:
ITRPT/STND
Operating mode
0
1
Fixed-period pulse output mode
Fixed-period interrupt mode
For details of the timing of fixed-period operation, see the section on the t0 and t1 bits below.
(3) t0 (D2), t1 (D3) bits
These bits select the timing of fixed-period operation in fixed-period pulse output mode or fixed-period interrupt mode. There
is no special counter within the RTC for fixed-period operation; the fixed-period operation is performed at the incrementation
of the time (period) specified by the t0 and t1 bits.
i. Setting t0 and t1
Setting these bits specifies the generation timing for fixed-period pulse output or fixed-period interrupts.
t1
0
0
1
1
t0
0
1
0
1
Period(frequency)
1/64 seconds (64 Hz)
1 second (1 Hz)
Remarks
In fixed-period pulse output mode, the STD.P pin output is low
for 7.8125 ms
(not that half the 1/64 second period is 7.8125 ms)
1 minute (1/60 Hz)
1 hour (1/3600 Hz)
ii. STD.P pin output control
The timing of STD.P pin output is at the incrementation of the period specified by the t0 and t1 bits.
Example : STD.P pin output when 1 hour is set
(Conditions: t0=1, t1=1, MASK=0)
PM 1:00
PM 2:00
Fixed-period pulse output mode
(ITRPT/STND=0)
STD.P pin output
Automatic reset after 7.8125 ms
STD.P pin output
Fixed-period interrupt output mode
(ITRPT/STND=1)
Reset by writing 0 to IRQ FLAG bit
iii. Frequency of STD.P pin output in fixed-period pulse output mode
In fixed-period pulse output mode, the timing of output is determined by the frequency of the internal crystal unit. This
means that the output can be used to measure any error in the frequency of the crystal unit.
Note: The 30-seconds correction could generate a carry. If such a carry occurs when the t0 and t1 bits are set to
(0, 1) or (1, 1), the STD.P pin output could end up low. If the ITRPT/STND bit is 0, this low-level STD.P pin output will be
held from the time that the part of the counter that is below one second is cleared by the 30-seconds correction until the
incrementation of the 1/64-second digit of the internal counter restarts. Note that this may be different from the normal
case in which the STD.P pin output is low for 7.8125 ms.
The time of the low-level output of the first STD.P pin output after a RESET or STOP operation, or after 1 has been
written to the IRQ FLAG bit, may not be 7.8125 ms.
If any one of the t0, t1, or ITRPT/STND bits is overwritten, the IRQ FLAG bit may become 1. Therefore, after writing to
any of these bits, it is necessary to first write 0 to the IRQ FLAG bit then wait until the IRQ FLAG bit changes back to 1.
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RTC - 72421 / 72423
4. CF register (control register F)
(1) RESET bit (D0)
Writing 1 to the RESET bit clears the sub-second bits of the internal counter down to the 1/256-seconds counter. The reset
continues for as long as the RESET bit is 1. End the reset by writing 0 to the RESET bit. If the level of the CS1 pin goes low,
the RESET bit is automatically cleared to 0.
(2) STOP bit (D1)
Writing 1 to the STOP bit stops the clock of the internal counter from the 1/8192 second bit onward. Writing 0 to the STOP bit
restarts the clock.
This function can be used to create a cumulative timer.
(3) 24/12 bit (D2)
Set the 24/12 bit to select either 12-hour clock or 24-hour clock as the timer mode. In 12-hour clock mode, the PM/AM bit is
used.
i. Switching between 12-hour clock and 24-hour clock
Writing 1 to the 24/12 bit selects 24-hour clock mode. In 24-hour clock mode, the PM/AM bit is inoperative and is always
0. Writing 0 to the 24/12 bit selects 12-hour clock mode. In 12-hour clock mode, the PM/AM bit becomes valid. It is 0 for
a.m. times and 1 for p.m. times.
ii. Overwriting the 24/12 bit
Overwriting the contents of the 24/12 bit could destroy the contents of the registers from the H1 register upward (from the
1-hour digit upward). Therefore, before overwriting the 24/12 bit, it is necessary to save the contents of the hour (H1,
H10), day (D1, D10), month (MO1, MO10), year (Y1, Y10), and day-of-the-week (W) registers, then re-write the data back
into the registers to suit the new timer mode, after overwriting the 24/12 bit.
(4) TEST bit (D3)
The TEST bit is used by EPSON for test purposes. Operation cannot be guaranteed if 1 is written to this bit, so make sure
that it is set to 0 during power-on initialization.
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RTC - 72421 / 72423
Using the RTC-72421/RTC-72423
1. Power-on procedure (initialization)
When power is turned on, the contents of all registers and the output from the STD.P pin are undefined. Therefore, all the registers
must be initialized after power on. Follow the procedure given below for initialization.
Power On
Start the counter
At ths point, there is no need to
(A)
Initialize the control registers
check the BUSY bit.
Check the status of the BUSY bit
(B)
(C)
STOP and RESET the counter
Set the current time in the registers
1
(initialize the S to W registers)
Start the counter and release
the HOLD status
(A)
From here on, check the status of the
BUSY bit before accessing any of the
D
E
F
registers, except for the C , C and C
control register.
To next process
For details of processes (A) to (C), see next page.
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RTC - 72421 / 72423
(A)Starting the count
START
Set the CF register
←
Reg.F
0*00B
←
←
←
TEST
24/12
STOP
0
0 or 1
0
0
←
RESET
Set the CE register
This setting is not necessary when
the STD.P pin is not used
Set the CD register
Reg.D
← 0*00B
←
←
←
30 s ADJ
IRQ FLAG
HOLD
0
Set the IRQ FLAG bit to 0 when fixed-period
interrupt mode is used, or to 1when it is not
used.
0 or 1
0
To next process
(B)Checking the status of the BUSY bit
START
HOLD bit ← 1
Read the BUSY bit
NO
BUSY bit=0?
YES
HOLD bit ← 0
To next process
(C)Stopping and resetting the counter
START
F
Set the C register
←
Reg.F
0*11B
←
←
←
←
TEST
24/12
STOP
RESET
0
0 or 1
1
1
To next process
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RTC - 72421 / 72423
2. Read/write of S1 to W registers
Use one of the procedures shown below to access registers other than the control registers (CD, CE, and CF) while the RTC is
operating. Note that the control registers can be accessed regardless of the status of the BUSY bit.
Read or write when the HOLD bit is used
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RTC - 72421 / 72423
4. Using the CS pin
1
The RTC-72421/RTC-72423 has 2 chip-select signal systems: CS0 and CS1. Use CS0 as chip-select for ordinary bus access.
CS1 is not only used for CPU bus control, it also has the main function of switching between standby mode and operating mode.
(1) Functions
Providing the CS1 pin with the rated voltage levels enables CS1 to have the following functions:
• Enabling interface with microprocessor during operation within the operating voltage range (5.0 V ±0.5 V)
• Reducing current consumption during standby (to prevent through currents caused by unstable inputs, which is inherent to
C-MOS devices)
• Protecting internal data during standby
To ensure these functions, make sure that operation of the CS1 pins observes that following conditions:
• Make sure that the voltage input to the CS1 pin during operation is at least 4/5 VDD.
• Make sure that the voltage input to the CS1 pin during standby is as close as possible to 0 V, to prevent through currents.
• Make sure that the operation conforms to the timing chart below during a shift to standby mode or a return to operating
mode.
* Standby mode is a state in which a voltage lower than the RTC's rated range of operating supply voltage is applied (4.5 V
to 2.0 V). Under this condition, the timer continues to operate under battery back-up power, but the interface between the
interior and exterior of the RTC cannot be guaranteed.
(2) Timing
Shift to standby mode
4 V
Return to operation mode
Data hold mode
4 V
Must be at least 2.0V
CDR
t
R
t
Min.
Min.
2 µs
2 µs
IH2
V
(4/5 VDD)
IL2
(1/5 VDD)
V
Must be at no more than 1/5VDD
Do not access the RTC while the voltage at CS1 is changing.
(3) Note
If the RTC is operated with timing conditions different from those shown above, data within the RTC could be overwritten
during a shift to standby mode or a return to operating mode. For example, if a write signal (WR) is generated during either of
the timing conditions (tCDR, tR) shown in the timing chart above, the data will be input before the RTC has stabilized. To
ensure that data is held throughout the entire standby process, make sure that the timing conditions shown in the chart are
followed.
Power supply circuit example
Note1 Note2
+5 V
+
DD
V
RTC
Voltage
detection
circuit
CS1
Ceramic capacitor of
0.01 µF to 0.1 µF
GND
Note 1:This capacitor must be of a high capacity because a transient reverse current flows from the collector to the emitter of the
transistor when the power is turned off.
Note 2:Use a chargeable or lithium battery. If a chargeable battery is used, there is no need for the diode. If a lithium battery is used,
the diode is necessary. For specific details of the resistance of the resistor, contact the manufacturer of the battery that is used.
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RTC - 72421 / 72423
Examples of connection to general-purpose microprocessor
When connecting the RTC-72421/RTC-72423 to a microprocessor, carefully check the AC timings of both the RTC and the
microprocessor.
1. Connection to multiplexed bus type
8085/MCS48,51
RTC-72421/3
8085/MCS48,51
AD3
RTC-72421/3
AD3
A3
A2
A1
A0
D3
D2
D1
D0
A3
A2
A1
A0
D3
D2
D1
D0
AD2
AD1
AD0
AD2
AD1
AD0
Latch
Upper address bus
Upper address bus
Decoder
Decoder
IO/M
ALE
CS0
ALE
IO/M
ALE
CS0
ALE
RD
RD
RD
RD
WR
WR
WR
WR
The resistors on the RD and WR lines are not necessary if the CPU does not have a HALT or HOLD state.
2. Connection to Z80 or compatible CPU
Z80, SMC84C00AC
RTC-72421/3
A3
A2
A1
A0
D3
D2
D1
D0
A3
A2
A1
A0
D3
D2
D1
D0
Upper address bus
CS0
ALE
Decoder
IORQ
or
MEMRQ
RD
RD
WR
WR
*Select IORQ or MEMRQ depending on whether the RTC maps I/O or memory of the CPU.
3. Connection to 68-series MPU
68 series MPU
RTC-72421/3
A3
A2
A1
A0
D3
D2
D1
D0
A3
A2
A1
A0
D3
D2
D1
D0
Upper address bus
Decoder
CS0
ALE
R/W
E
RD
WR
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RTC - 72421 / 72423
External dimensions
1. RTC-72421
23.1 Max.
6.3
7.62
0.2
Min.
4.2
Max.
1.52
0.46
0.25
2.54
Min.
2.54
0 - 15
2. RTC-72423
16.3 Max.
7.9
12.0
0.1
Min.
2.8
Max.
0.2
0.35
1.0
Unless otherwise stated, all units are [mm]
1.27
0 - 10
Marking layout
Type
Frequency tlerance
Indications of frequency tolerance
Type
Indication
Tolerances
±10 x10-6
±50 x10-6
±20 x10-6
±50 x10-6
RTC72421
A
A
B
RTC-72421
A
RTC-72423
No indications
EPSON 6053C
Logo mark
Manufacturing lot no.
Note: The illustration is a general representation of the content and location of information on the
label, and is not a detailed specification of the typeface, size or positioning of printing used on the
label.
Page - 19
MQ - 162 - 03
RTC - 72421 / 72423
Reference data
[Finding the frequency stability]
1. Example of frequency and temperature characteristics
θT = +25 C Typ.
°
1. Frequency and temperature characteristics can be approximated
using the following equations.
10-6
×
= -0.035 10-6 Typ.
α
×
0
∆fT = α ( θT - θX )2
: Frequency deviation in any
temperature
∆fT
-50
-100
-150
( 1 / °C2 )
: Coefficient of secondary temperature
α
( −0.035±0.005 ) × 10-6 / °C2
: Ultimate temperature (+25±5 °C)
: Any temperature
θT
( °C )
θX ( °C )
-50
0
+50
+100
2. To determine overall clock accuracy, add the frequency precision
and voltage characteristics.
Temperature [ C]
°
∆f/f = ∆f/fo + ∆fT + ∆fV
: Clock accuracy (stable frequency) in
any temperature and voltage.
∆f/f
: Frequency precision
∆f/fo
∆fT
: Frequency deviation in any
temperature.
: Frequency deviation in any voltage.
∆fV
3. How to find the date difference
Date Difference = ∆f/f × 86400(s)
* For example: ∆f/f = 11.574 × 10-6 is an error of
approximately 1 second/day.
2. Frequency voltage characteristics ( Typ. )
Frequency[x10-6]
3. Current consumption voltage characteristics ( Typ. )
Current consumption[µA]
Condtions
5 V reference,Ta=+25 °C
Conditions
CS1=0 V, No load, Ta=+25 °C
5
+4
+2
0
4
3
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
DD
Supply Voltage(V ) [V]
-2
-4
2
3
4
5
6
DD
Supply voltage(V
)
Note:
This data shows average values for a sample lot.
For rated values, see the specifications.
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MQ - 162 - 03
RTC - 72421 / 72423
Application notes
1. Notes on handling
This module uses a C-MOS IC to realize low power consumption. Carefully note the following cautions when
Page - 21
MQ - 162 - 03
Application Manual
Distributor
AMERICA
EPSON ELECTRONICS AMERICA, INC.
HEADQUARTER
150 River Oaks Parkway, San Jose, CA 95134, U.S.A.
Phone: (1)800-228-3964 (Toll free) : (1)408-922-0200 (Main) Fax: (1)408-922-0238
Atlanta Office
3010 Royal Blvd. South, Ste. 170, Alpharetta, GA 30005, U.S.A.
Phone: (1)877-332-0020 (Toll free) : (1)770-777-2078 (Main) Fax: (1)770-777-2637
Boston Office
Chicago Office
El Segundo Office
301Edgewater Place, Ste. 120, Wakefield, MA 01880, U.S.A.
Phone: (1)800-922-7667 (Toll free) : (1)781-246-3600 (Main) Fax: (1)781-246-5443
101 Virginia St., Ste. 290, Crystal Lake, IL 60014, U.S.A.
Phone: (1)800-853-3588 (Toll free) : (1)815-455-7630 (Main) Fax: (1)815-455-7633
1960 E. Grand Ave., 2nd Floor, El Segundo, CA 90245, U.S.A.
Phone: (1)800-249-7730 (Toll free) : (1)310-955-5300 (Main) Fax: (1)310-955-5400
EUROPE
EPSON EUROPE ELECTRONICS GmbH
HEADQUARTER
Riesstrasse 15, 80992 Munich, Germany
Phone: (49)-(0)89-14005-0 Fax: (49)-(0)89-14005-110
Düsseldorf Branch Office
Altstadtstrasse 176, 51379 Leverkusen, Germany
Phone: (49)-(0)2171-5045-0 Fax: (49)-(0)2171-5045-10
UK & Ireland Branch Office Unit 2.4, Doncastle House, Doncastle Road, Bracknell, Berkshire RG12 8PE, England
Phone: (44)-(0)1344-381700 Fax: (44)-(0)1344-381701
French Branch Office
LP 915 Les Conquérants, 1 Avenue de l' Atlantique, Z.A. de Courtaboeuf 2
91976 Les Ulis Cedex, France
Phone: (33)-(0)1-64862350 Fax: (33)-(0)1-64862355
ASIA
EPSON (CHINA) CO., LTD.
23F, Beijing Silver Tower 2# North RD DongSangHuan ChaoYang District, Beijing, China
Phone: (86) 10-6410-6655 Fax: (86) 10-6410-7319
4F, Bldg.,27, No.69, Gui Qing Road, Cao hejing, Shanghai, China
Phone: (86) 21-6485-0835 Fax: (86) 21-6485-0775
EPSON HONG KONG LTD.
20/F., Harbour Centre, 25 Harbour Road, Wanchai, Hong kong
Phone: (852) 2585-4600 Fax: (852) 2827-2152
EPSON ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT (SHENZHEN )CO., LTD.
Flat 16A, 16/F, New Times Plaza, No.1 Taizi Road, Shenzhen, China
Phone: (86) 755-6811118 Fax: (86) 755-6677786
EPSON TAIWAN TECHNOLOGY & TRADING LTD.
14F, No.7, Song Ren Road, Taipei 110
Phone: (886) 2-8786-6688 Fax: (886)2-8786-6660
EPSON SINGAPORE PTE. LTD.
No.1, Temasek Avenue #36-00, Millenia Tower, Singapore 039192
SEIKO EPSON CORPORATION KOREA Office
50F, KLI 63 Building,60 Yoido-dong, Youngdeungpo-Ku, Seoul, 150-763, Korea
Gumi Branch Office
6F, Good Morning Securities Bldg., 56, Songjeong-dong Gumi-City, Gyongsangbuk-Do,
730-090, Korea
Phone: (82) 54-454-6027 Fax: (82) 54-454-6093
ELECTRONIC DEVICE MARKETING DEPARTMENT
Electronic devices information on WWW server
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