Xerox WorkCentre
5735/5740/5745/5755/5765/5775/5790
Information Assurance Disclosure Paper
Version 2.0
Prepared by:
Larry Kovnat
Xerox Corporation
1350 Jefferson Road
Rochester, New York 14623
XEROX WorkCentre 5735/5740/5745/5755/5765/5775/5790 Information Assurance Disclosure Paper
1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................5
1.1.
1.2.
1.3.
Purpose ....................................................................................................................................................................................5
Target Audience...................................................................................................................................................................5
Disclaimer ...............................................................................................................................................................................5
2. DEVICE DESCRIPTION.......................................................................................................................6
2.1.
Security-relevant Subsystems.........................................................................................................................................6
2.1.1. Physical Partitioning.......................................................................................................................................................................6
2.1.2. Security Functions allocated to Subsystems ........................................................................................................................7
2.2.
Controller ................................................................................................................................................................................8
2.2.1. Purpose ................................................................................................................................................................................................8
2.2.2. Memory Components....................................................................................................................................................................8
2.2.3. External Connections ..................................................................................................................................................................10
2.2.4. USB Ports .........................................................................................................................................................................................10
2.2.
Fax Module.......................................................................................................................................................................... 11
2.3.1. Purpose .............................................................................................................................................................................................11
2.3.2. Hardware .........................................................................................................................................................................................11
2.4.
Scanner ................................................................................................................................................................................. 11
2.4.1. Purpose .............................................................................................................................................................................................11
2.4.2. Hardware .........................................................................................................................................................................................11
2.5.
Graphical User Interface (GUI)................................................................................................................................... 12
2.5.1. Purpose .............................................................................................................................................................................................12
2.5.2. Hardware .........................................................................................................................................................................................12
2.6.
Marking Engine (also known as the Image Output Terminal or IOT).......................................................... 13
2.6.1. Purpose .............................................................................................................................................................................................13
2.6.2. Hardware .........................................................................................................................................................................................13
2.6.3. Control and Data Interfaces....................................................................................................................................................13
2.7.
System Software Structure ........................................................................................................................................... 13
2.7.1. Open-source components .........................................................................................................................................................13
2.7.2. OS Layer in the Controller .........................................................................................................................................................13
2.7.3. Network Protocols ........................................................................................................................................................................15
2.8.
Logical Access..................................................................................................................................................................... 16
2.8.1. Network Protocols ........................................................................................................................................................................16
2.8.2. Ports ...................................................................................................................................................................................................17
2.8.3. IP Filtering .......................................................................................................................................................................................21
3. SYSTEM ACCESS................................................................................................................................22
3.1.
Authentication Model..................................................................................................................................................... 22
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3.2.
Login and Authentication Methods........................................................................................................................... 24
3.2.1. System Administrator Login [All product configurations] ...........................................................................................24
3.2.2. User authentication.....................................................................................................................................................................24
3.3.
System Accounts............................................................................................................................................................... 26
3.3.1. Printing [Multifunction models only]....................................................................................................................................26
3.3.2. Network Scanning [Multifunction models only] ..............................................................................................................26
3.4.
Diagnostics.......................................................................................................................................................................... 27
3.4.1. Service [All product configurations]......................................................................................................................................27
3.4.2. Alternate Boot via Serial Port ..................................................................................................................................................27
3.4.3. tty Mode...........................................................................................................................................................................................27
3.4.4. Diagnostics via Portable Service Workstation (PSW) Port ...........................................................................................27
3.4.5. Summary..........................................................................................................................................................................................30
4. SECURITY ASPECTS OF SELECTED FEATURES ......................................................................31
4.1.
4.2.
4.3.
4.4.
4.5.
Audit Log.............................................................................................................................................................................. 31
Xerox Standard Accounting.......................................................................................................................................... 39
Automatic Meter Reads ................................................................................................................................................. 40
Encrypted Partitions........................................................................................................................................................ 40
Image Overwrite ............................................................................................................................................................... 40
4.5.1. Algorithm.........................................................................................................................................................................................41
4.5.2. User Behavior.................................................................................................................................................................................41
4.5.3. Overwrite Timing ..........................................................................................................................................................................41
5. RESPONSES TO KNOWN VULNERABILITIES .........................................................................42
5.1.
Security @ Xerox (www.xerox.com/security).......................................................................................................... 42
6. APPENDICES.......................................................................................................................................43
6.1.
6.2.
6.3.
6.4.
Appendix A – Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................................... 43
Appendix B – Supported MIB Objects....................................................................................................................... 45
Appendix C –Standards .................................................................................................................................................. 48
Appendix E – References................................................................................................................................................ 50
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1. Introduction
The WorkCentre 5735/5740/5745/5755/5765/5775/5790 multifunction systems are among the latest
versions of Xerox copier and multifunction devices for the general office.
1.1. Purpose
The purpose of this document is to disclose information for the WorkCentre products with respect to device security.
Device Security, for this paper, is defined as how image data is stored and transmitted, how the product behaves in a
networked environment, and how the product may be accessed, both locally and remotely. Please note that the
customer is responsible for the security of their network and the WorkCentre products do not establish security for
any network environment.
The purpose of this document is to inform Xerox customers of the design, functions, and features of the WorkCentre
products relative to Information Assurance (IA).
This document does NOT provide tutorial level information about security, connectivity, PDLs, or WorkCentre
products features and functions. This information is readily available elsewhere. We assume that the reader has a
working knowledge of these types of topics. However, a number of references are included in the Appendix.
1.2. Target Audience
The target audience for this document is Xerox field personnel and customers concerned with IT security.
1.3. Disclaimer
The information in this document is accurate to the best knowledge of the authors, and is provided without warranty
of any kind. In no event shall Xerox Corporation be liable for any damages whatsoever resulting from user's use or
disregard of the information provided in this document including direct, indirect, incidental, consequential, loss of
business profits or special damages, even if Xerox Corporation has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
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2. Device Description
This product consists of an in put document handler and scanner, marking engine including paper path, controller,
and user interface.
Document Feeder & Scanner
(IIT)
Graphical User
Interface
(GUI)
Paper Trays
Marking Engine (IOT)
High-volume finisher and
booklet maker accessories
High-capacity
feeder accessory
Figure 2-1 WorkCentre Multifunction System
2.1. Security-relevant Subsystems
2.1.1. Physical Partitioning
The security-relevant subsystems of the product are partitioned as shown in Figure 2-2.
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Figure 2-2 System functional block diagram
2.1.2. Security Functions allocated to Subsystems
Security Function
Image Overwrite
Subsystem
Controller
Graphical User Interface
Controller
System Authentication
Network Authentication
Graphical User Interface
Controller
Graphical User Interface
Controller
Controller
Controller
Controller
Controller
Controller
Controller
Security Audit
Cryptographic Operations
User Data Protection – SSL
User Data Protection – IP Filtering
User Data Protection – IPSec
User Data Protection – Disk Encryption
Network Management Security
Fax Flow Security
Fax Module
Controller
Graphical User Interface
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Security Function
Subsystem
Controller
Graphical User Interface
Security Management
Table 1 Security Functions allocated to Subsystems
2.2. Controller
2.2.1.Purpose
The controller provides both network and direct-connect external interfaces, and enables copy, print, email, network
scan, server fax, internet FAX, and LanFAX functionality. Network scanning, server fax, internet fax, and LanFax, are
standard features.
NOTE: The Copier only version includes a hard drive which is used to hold Operating System software, printing
applications, and jam clearance videos. Job Image data is not stored on this disk.
Image Overwrite, which is included as a standard feature, enables both Immediate and On-Demand overwrite of any
temporary image data created on disk. The controller also incorporates an open-source web server (Apache) that
exports a Web User Interface (WebUI) through which users can submit jobs and check job and machine status, and
through which system administrators can remotely administer the machine.
The controller contains the image path, which uses proprietary hardware and algorithms to process the scanned
images into high-quality reproductions. Scanned images may be temporarily buffered in DRAM to enable electronic
pre-collation, sometimes referred to as scan-once/print-many. When producing multiple copies of a document, the
scanned image is processed and buffered in the DRAM in a proprietary format. Extended buffer space for very large
documents is provided on the network disk. The buffered bitmaps are then read from DRAM and sent to the Image
Output Terminal (IOT) for marking on hardcopy output. For long documents, the production of hardcopy may begin
before the entire original is scanned, achieving a level of concurrency between the scan and mark operations.
The controller operating system is Wind River Linux, kernel v. 2.6.20+. (Note: Consistent with Flaw Remediation, this
baseline may be updated as indicated by the ‘+’ sign. Unnecessary services such as rsh, telnet and finger are disabled
in the OS. FTP is used in client-only mode by the network scanning feature for the filing of scanned images and the
retrieval of Scan Templates; however the controller does not contain an FTP server.
The controller works with the Graphical User Interface (GUI) assembly to provide system configuration functions. A
System Administrator PIN must be entered at the GUI in order to access these functions.
2.2.2.Memory Components
Volatile Memory
Type (SRAM, DRAM,
etc)
Size
User
Modifiable
(Y/N)
Function or Use
Process to Sanitize
DDR2 SDRAM
1GB
2GB
N
Single Board Controller
Subsequent jobs overwrite
the data and all images are
lost at power off or reboot.
Upgradeable to
(System and user image stored)
Additional Information: There are also a number of RAM buffers in the video path that are used for image
manipulation (Reduce/Enlarge, etc.), and all have no data retention capability. When power is removed all data is lost.
These buffers are typically built into the ASICs. Typical bleed down time for all volatile memory is 10 seconds.
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Non-Volatile Memory
Type (Flash, EEPROM, Size
etc)
User
Modifiable
(Y/N)
Function or Use
Process to Sanitize
Flash ROM
NVRAM
128MB
N
N
Single Board Controller
No user image data stored
No user image data stored.
(Boot code and system file)
128KB
Single Board Controller
(Xerographic set points)
Additional Information: There are other non volatile memory devices in the system, but these are used solely for
low level I/O control. Some examples of this distributed control are:
•
•
•
•
Power distribution, Photoreceptor and main drive motors control
Raster Output Scanner (ROS)
Paper Registration
Finisher
Table 2 Controller memory components
Media and Storage
Type (disk drives,
tape drives, CF/SD/XD Y / N
memory cards, etc.):
Removable Size:
User
Modifiable:
Y / N
Function:
Process to Sanitize:
Disk drive
N
80GB
N
Network Controller
Application and Copy
Controller Application
software. Image
On Demand Image
Overwrite
storage, processing and
Overflow EPC image
storage.
Fax Card
N
512MB
N
User FAX image data
stored
User image data
overwritten at the
completion of each fax
job.
Overwritten by
Standard or Full
ODIO operation
Table 3 Hard Disk Drives
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2.2.3.External Connections
Figure 2-3 Back panel connections
Interface
FAX line 1, RJ-11
Description / Usage
Supports FAX Modem T.30 protocol only
Supports FAX Modem T.30 protocol only
Software upgrade
FAX line 2, RJ-11
USB Host Port
Direct-connect printing; Xerox diagnostic tools (PSW and CAT)
and Xerox copier assistant
PSW USB Target Port
Ethernet
Scanner
10/100/1000 Network connectivity
Proprietary connection between the scanner and controller
carrying power and communications
Serial Port
Engineering development debug; default state is disabled
Allows connection of optional access control hardware
Foreign Device Interface (FDI)
Table 4 Controller External Connections
2.2.4.USB Ports
The WorkCentre contains a host connector for a USB flash drive, enabling upload of software upgrades and
download of network logs or machine settings files.
Autorun is disabled on this port. No executable files will be accepted by the port.
Modifying the software upgrade, network logging or saved machine settings files will make the files unusable on a
WorkCentre .
The data in the network logging file is encrypted and can only be decrypted by Xerox service.
The machine settings that can be saved and restored by a service technician are limited to controller and fax
parameters that are needed for normal operation. For example, the fax address book can be saved and restored by a
service technician.
There is no method for a user, administrator or technician to move image data from the WorkCentre to a USB device.
USB
USB port and location
Purpose
USB Host ports
Software upgrade
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USB Target port
Direct-connect printing; Xerox diagnostic tools (PSW and CAT) and Xerox copier assistant
Table 5 USB Ports
2.2. Fax Module
2.3.1. Purpose
The embedded FAX service uses the installed embedded fax card to send and receive images over the telephone
interface.
2.3.2. Hardware
The Fax module contains the fax modem and RJ-11 connector. The Fax modem implements the T.30 fax protocol.
The Fax module contains a CPU, BIOS, RAM, and Non-Volatile Memory.
Volatile Memory Description
Type (SRAM, DRAM, etc)
Size
User Modifiable Function or Use
(Y/N)
Process to Clear:
SDRAM
80MB
N
FAX Card volatile memory
No user image data
stored
Additional Information:
All memory listed above contains code for execution and configuration information. No user or job data is permanently stored
in this location.
Non-Volatile Memory Description
Type (Flash, EEPROM, etc) Size
User Modifiable Function or Use
(Y/N)
Process to Clear:
Flash ROM
4MB
N
FAX executable code.
No user image data
stored.
Additional Information:
All memory listed above contains code for execution and configuration information. No user or job data is stored in this location.
Table 6 Fax Module memory components
2.4. Scanner
2.4.1. Purpose
The purpose of the scanner is to provide mechanical transport of hardcopy originals and to convert hardcopy
originals to electronic data.
2.4.2. Hardware
The scanner converts the image from hardcopy to electronic data. An optional document handler moves originals
into a position to be scanned. The scanner provides enough image processing for signal conditioning and
formatting. The scanner does not store scanned images. All other image processing functions are in the copy
controller.
The DADF/Scanner contains a CPU, BIOS, RAM, and Non-Volatile Memory
.
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Volatile Memory Description
Type (SRAM, DRAM, etc)
Size
User Modifiable Function or Use
(Y/N)
Process to Clear:
SRAM
6KB
N
Scanner volatile memory; no user
image data stored
Power Off System
Additional Information:
All memory listed above contains code for execution and configuration information. No user or job data is permanently stored in this location.
Non-Volatile Memory Description
Type (Flash, EEPROM, etc) Size
User Modifiable Function or Use
(Y/N)
Process to Clear:
Flash ROM
128MB
N
Scanner executable code
No user image data
stored
Additional Information:
All memory listed above contains code for execution and configuration information. No user or job data is stored in these locations.
Table 7 Scanner memory components
2.5. Graphical User Interface (GUI)
2.5.1. Purpose
The GUI detects soft and hard button actuations, and provides text and graphical prompts to the user. The GUI is
sometimes referred to as the Local UI (LUI) to distinguish it from the WebUI, which is exported by the web service
that runs in theccontroller. Images are not transmitted to or stored in the GUI. The Start hard button is located on
the GUI panel.
2.5.2. Hardware
The user interface contains a FPGA that contains RAM and Non-Volatile Memory
.
Volatile Memory Description
Type (SRAM, DRAM, etc)
Size
User Modifiable Function or Use
(Y/N)
Process to Clear:
DRAM
2KB
N
User Interface volatile memory; no Power Off System
user image data stored
Additional Information:
All memory listed above contains code for execution and configuration information. No user or job data is permanently stored in this location.
Non-Volatile Memory Description
Type (Flash, EEPROM, etc) Size
User Modifiable Function or Use
(Y/N)
Process to Clear:
Flash ROM
32KB
N
no user image data stored
No user image data
stored
Additional Information:
All memory listed above contains code for execution and configuration information. No user or job data is stored in this location.
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Table 8 User Interface memory components
2.6. Marking Engine (also known as the Image
Output Terminal or IOT)
2.6.1. Purpose
The Marking Engine performs copy/print paper feeding and transport, image marking and fusing, and document
finishing. Images are not stored at any point in these subsystems.
2.6.2. Hardware
The marking engine is comprised of paper supply trays and feeders, paper transport, laser scanner, xerographics, and
paper output and finishing. The marking engine contains a CPU, BIOS, RAM and Non-Volatile Memory.
2.6.3. Control and Data Interfaces
Images and control signals are transmitted from the copy controller to the marking engine across a proprietary
interface.
2.7. System Software Structure
2.7.1. Open-source components
Open-source components in the connectivity layer implement high-level protocol services. The security-relevant
connectivity layer components are:
•
•
•
•
•
Apache 2.2.11, with mod_ssl integrated (http and https)
PHP 5.3.1
OpenSSL 0.9.8l (SSL)
SAMBA 3.0.30 (SMB)
Netsnmp 5.0.9 (SNMPv3)
2.7.2. OS Layer in the Controller
The OS layer includes the operating system, network and physical I/O drivers. The controller operating system is
Wind River Linux, kernel v. 2.6.20+. Xerox may issue security patchesfor the OS, in which case the Xerox portion of
the version number (i.e.. after the ‘+’ sign) will be incremented.
The crypto library for IPSec is provided by the kernel.
IP Filtering is also provided by the kernel.
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Figure 2-4 Controller Operating System layer components
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2.7.3. Network Protocols
Figure 2-5 is an interface diagram depicting the protocol stacks supported by the device, annotated according to the
DARPA model.
Figure 2-5 IPv4 Network Protocol Stack
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Figure 2-6 IPv6 Network Protocol Stack
2.8. Logical Access
2.8.1. Network Protocols
The supported network protocols are listed in Appendix D and are implemented to industry standard specifications
(i.e. they are compliant to the appropriate RFC) and are well-behaved protocols. There are no ‘Xerox unique’
additions to these protocols.
2.8.1.1. IPSec
The device supports IPSec tunnel mode. The print channel can be secured by establishing an IPSec association
between a client and the device. A shared secret is used to encrypt the traffic flowing through this tunnel. SSL must
be enabled in order to set up the shared secret.
When an IPSec tunnel is established between a client and the machine, the tunnel will also be active for
administration with SNMPv2 tools (HP Open View, etc.), providing security for SNMP SETs and GETS with an
otherwise insecure protocol. SNMP Traps may not be secure if either the client or the device has just been rebooted.
IP Filtering can be useful to prevent SNMP calls from non-IPSec clients.
Once an IPSec channel is established between two points, it stays open until one end reboots or goes into power
saver,. Only network clients and servers will have the ability to establish an IPSec tunnel with the machine. Thus
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device-initiated operations (like scanning) cannot assume the existence of the tunnel unless a print job (or other
client initiated action) has been previously run since the last boot at either end of the connection.
2.8.2. Ports
The following table summarizes all potential open ports and subsequent sections discuss each port in more detail.
Default
Port #
25
Type
Service name
TCP
UDP
UDP
TCP
UDP
TCP
UDP
UDP
TCP
UDP
UDP
UDP
TCP
UDP
TCP
TCP
TCP
UDP
TCP
TCP
SMTP
DNS
BOOTP/DHCP
HTTP
Kerberos
POP-3 client
53
68
80
88
110
137
138
139
161
162
389
396
427
443
515
631
1900
3003
9100
NETBIOS- Name Service
NETBIOS-Datagram Service; SMB filing and Scan template retrieval
NETBIOS; SMB filing and Scan template retrieval
SNMP
SNMP trap
LDAP
Netware
SLP
SSL
LPR
IPP
SSDP
http/SNMP reply
raw IP
Table 9 Network Ports
Please note that there is no ftp port in this list. ftp is only used to export scanned images and to retrieve Scan Job
Templates, and will open port 21 on the remote device. An ftp port is never open on the controller itself.
2.8.2.1. Port 25, SMTP
This unidirectional port is open only when Scan to E-mail or Internet Fax (I-Fax) is exporting images to an SMTP
server, or when email alerts are being transmitted. SMTP messages & images are transmitted to the SMTP server
from the device.
2.8.2.2. Port 53, DNS
Designating a DNS server will allow the device to resolve domain names. This can be configured via the LocalUI or
WebUI.
2.8.2.3. Port 68, DHCP
This port is used only when performing DHCP, and is not open all of the time. To permanently close this port, DHCP
must be explicitly disabled. This is done in User Tools via the Local User Interface or via the TCP/IP page in the
Properties tab on the WebUI.
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2.8.2.4. Port 80, HTTP
The embedded web pages communicate to the machine through a set of unique APIs and do not have direct access
Network Controller
I
n
t
request
e
request
http
server
r
machine
n
information
response
a
l
response
A
P
I
Network
to machine information:
The HTTP port can only access the HTTP server residing in the controller. The embedded HTTP server is Apache. The
purpose of the HTTP server is to:
•
•
•
•
Give users information of the status of the device;
View the job queue within the device and delete jobs;
Allow users to download print ready files and program Scan to File Job Templates;
Allow remote administration of the device. Many settings that are on the Local UI are replicated in the
device’s web pages. Users may view the properties of the device but not change them without logging into the
machine with administrator privileges.
The HTTP server can only host the web pages resident on the hard disk of the device. It does not and cannot act as a
proxy server to get outside of the network the device resides on. Hence the server cannot access any networks (or
web servers) outside of the customer firewall.
When the device is configured with an IP address, it is as secure as any device inside the firewall. The web pages are
accessible only to authorized users of the network inside the firewall.
This service (and port) may be disabled in User Tools via the Local User Interface or via the TCP/IP page in the
Properties tab on the WebU. Please note that when this is disabled, IPP Port 631 is also disabled.
HTTP may be secured by enabling Secure Sockets Layer.
2.8.2.4.1.
Proxy Server
The device can be configured to communicate through a proxy server. Features that can make use of a proxy server
include the Automatic Meter Read feature, scanning to a remote repository, or retrieving scan templates from a
remote template pool.
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2.8.2.5. Port 88, Kerberos
This port is only open when the device is communicating with the Kerberos server to authenticate a user, and is only
used only to authenticate users in conjunction with the Network Scanning feature. To disable this port,
authentication must be disabled, and this is accomplished via the Local User Interface.
This version of software has Kerberos 5.1.1 with DES (Data Encryption Standard) and 64-bit encryption. The Kerberos
code is limited to user authentication, and is used to authenticate a user with a given Kerberos server as a valid user
on the network. Please note that the Kerberos server (a 3rd party device) needs to be set up for each user. Once the
user is authenticated, the Kerberos software has completed its task. This code will not and cannot be used to encrypt
or decrypt documents or other information.
This feature is based on the Kerberos program from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The Kerberos
network authentication protocol is publicly available on the Internet as freeware at
http://web.mit.edu/kerberos/www/. Xerox has determined that there are no export restrictions on this version of the
software. However, there are a few deviations our version of Kerberos takes from the standard Kerberos
implementation from MIT. These deviations are:
1) The device does not keep a user’s initial authentication and key after the user has been authenticated. In a
standard Kerberos implementation, once a user is authenticated, the device holds onto the authentication for a
programmed timeout (the usual default is 12 hours) or until the user removes it (prior to the timeout period). In
the Xerox implementation, all traces of authentication of the user are removed once they have been
authenticated to the device. The user can send any number of jobs until the user logs off the system, either
manually or through system timeout.
2) The device ignores clock skew errors. In a standard implementation of Kerberos, authentication tests will fail if a
device clock is 5 minutes (or more) different from the Kerberos server. The reason for this is that given enough
time, someone could reverse engineer the authentication and gain access to the network. With the 5-minute
timeout, the person has just 5 minutes to reverse engineer the authentication and the key before it becomes
invalid. It was determined during the implementation of Kerberos for our device that it would be too difficult for
the user/SA to keep the device clock in sync with the Kerberos server, so the Xerox instantiation of Kerberos has
the clock skew check removed. The disadvantage is that this gives malicious users unlimited time to reverse
engineer the user’s key. However, since this key is only valid to access the Network Scanning features on a
device, possession of this key is of little use for nefarious purposes.
3) The device ignores much of the information provided by Kerberos for authenticating. For the most part, the
device only pays attention to information that indicates whether authentication has passed. Other information
that the server may return (e.g. what services the user is authenticated for) is ignored or disabled in the Xerox
implementation. This is not an issue since the only service a user is being authenticated for is access to an e-
mail directory. No other network services are accessible from the Local UI.
Xerox has received an opinion from its legal counsel that the device software, including the implementation of a
Kerberos encryption protocol in its network authentication feature, is not subject to encryption restrictions based on
Export Administration Regulations of the United States Bureau of Export Administration (BXA). This means that it
can be exported from the United States to most destinations and purchasers without the need for previous approval
from or notification to BXA. At the time of the opinion, restricted destinations and entities included terrorist-
supporting states (Cuba, Iran, Libya, North Korea, Sudan and Syria), their nationals, and other sanctioned entities
such as persons listed on the Denied Parties List. Xerox provides this information for the convenience of its customers
and not as legal advice. Customers are encouraged to consult with legal counsel to assure their own compliance with
applicable export laws.
2.8.2.6. Port 110, POP-3 Client
This unidirectional port is used when receiving an Internet Fax (I-Fax) or E-Mail. These jobs may only be printed, and
the port is only open if I-Fax is enabled and while receiving the job. It is not configurable.
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2.8.2.7. Ports 137, 138, 139, NETBIOS
For print jobs, these ports support the submission of files for printing as well as support Network Authentication
through SMB. Port 137 is the standard NetBIOS Name Service port, which is used primarily for WINS. Port 138
supports the CIFS browsing protocol. Port 139 is the standard NetBIOS Session port, which is used for printing. Ports
137, 138 and 139 may be configured in the Properties tab of the device’s web page.
For Network Scanning features, ports 138 and 139 are used for both outbound (i.e. exporting scanned images and
associated data) and inbound functionality (i.e. retrieving Scan Templates). In both instances, these ports are only
open when the files are being stored to the server or templates are being retrieved from the Template Pool. For these
features, SMB protocol is used.
2.8.2.8. Ports 161, 162, SNMP
These ports support the SNMPv1, SNMPv2c, and SNMPv3 protocols. Please note that SNMP v1 does not have any
password or community string control. SNMPv2 relies on a community string to keep unwanted people from
changing values or browsing parts of the MIB. This community string is transmitted on the network in clear text so
anyone sniffing the network can see the password. Xerox strongly recommends that the customer change the
community string upon product installation. SNMP is configurable, and may be explicitly enabled or disabled in the
Properties tab of the device’s web pages.
SNMP traffic may be secured if an IPSec tunnel has been established between the agent (the device) and the
manager (i.e. the user’s PC).
The device supports SNMPv3, which is an encrypted version of the SNMP protocol that uses a shared secret. Secure
Sockets Layer must be enabled before configuring the shared secret needed for SNMPv3.
2.8.2.9. Port 389, LDAP
This is the standard LDAP port used for address book queries in the Scan to Email feature.
2.8.2.10. Port 396, Netware
This configurable port is used when Novell Netware is enabled to run over IP.
2.8.2.11. Port 427, SLP
When activated, this port is used for service discovery and advertisement. The device will advertise itself as a printer
and also listen for SLP queries using this port. It is not configurable. This port is explicitly enabled / disabled in the
Properties tab of the device’s web pages.
2.8.2.12. Port 443, SSL
This is the default port for Secure Sockets Layer communication. This port can be configured via the device’s web
pages. SSL must be enabled before setting up either SNMPv3 or IPSec or before retrieving the audit log (see Sec.
4.1). SSL must also be enabled in order to use any of the Web Services (Scan Template Management, Automatic
Meter Reads, or Network Scanning Validation Service).
SSL should be enabled so that the device can be securely administered from the web UI. When scanning, SSL can be
used to secure the filing channel to a remote repository.
SSL uses X.509 certificates to establish trust between two ends of a communication channel. When storing scanned
images to a remote repository using an https: connection, the device must verify the certificate provided by the
remote repository. A Trusted Certificate Authority certificate should be uploaded to the device in this case.
To securely administer the device, the user’s browser must be able to verify the certificate supplied by the device. A
certificate signed by a well-known Certificate Authority (CA) can be downloaded to the device, or the device can
generate a self-signed certificate. In the first instance, the device creates a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) that
can be downloaded and forwarded to the well-known CA for signing. The signed device certificate is then uploaded
to the device. Alternatively, the device will generate a self-signed certificate. In this case, the generic Xerox root CA
certificate must be downloaded from the device and installed in the certificate store of the user’s browser.
The device supports only server authentication.
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2.8.2.13. Port 515, LPR
This is the standard LPR printing port, which only supports IP printing. It is a configurable port, and may be explicitly
enabled or disabled in the Properties tab of the device’s web pages.
2.8.2.14. Port 631, IPP
This port supports the Internet Printing Protocol. It is not configurable. This is disabled when the http server is
disabled.
2.8.2.15. Port 1900, SSDP
This port behaves similarly to the SLP port. When activated, this port is used for service discovery and advertisement.
The device will advertise itself as a printer and also listen for SSDP queries using this port. It is not configurable. This
port is explicitly enabled / disabled in the Properties tab of the device’s web pages.
2.8.2.16. Port 3003, http/SNMP reply
This port is used when the http server requests device information. The user displays the Web User Interface
(WebUI) and goes to a page where the http server must query the device for settings (e.g. Novell network settings).
The http server queries the machine via an internal SNMP request (hence this port can only open when the http
server is active). The machine replies back to the http server via this port. It sends the reply to the loopback address
(127.0.0.0), which is internally routed to the http server. This reply is never transmitted on the network. Only SNMP
replies are accepted by this port, and this port is active when the http server is active (i.e. if the http server is disabled,
this port will be closed). If someone attempted to send an SNMP reply to this port via the network, the reply would
have to contain the correct sequence number, which is highly unlikely, since the sequence numbers are internal to the
machine.
2.8.2.17. Port 9100, raw IP
This allows downloading a PDL file directly to the interpreter. This port has limited bi-directionality (via PJL back
channel) and allows printing only. This is a configurable port, and may be disabled in the Properties tab of the
device’s web pages.
2.8.3. IP Filtering
The devices contain a static host-based firewall that provides the ability to prevent unauthorized network access
based on IP address and/or port number. Filtering rules can be set by the SA using the WebUI. An authorized SA can
create rules to (Accept / Reject / Drop) for ALL or a range of IP addresses. In addition to specifying IP addresses to
filter, an authorized SA can enable/disable all traffic over a specified transport layer port.
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3. System Access
3.1. Authentication Model
The authentication model allows for both local and network authentication and authorization. In the
local and network cases, authentication and authorization take place as separate processes: a user must
be authenticated before being authorized to use the services of the device.
If the device is set for local authentication, user account information will be kept in a local accounts
database (see the discussion in Chapter 4 of Xerox Standard Accounting) and the authentication process
will take place locally. The system administrator can assign authorization privileges on a per user basis.
User access to services will be provided based on the privileges set for each user in the local accounts
database. .
When the device is set for network authentication, the user’s network credentials will be used to
authenticate the user at the network domain controller.
Users can be authorized on an individual basis to access one or any combination of the following services:
Copy, Fax, Server Fax, Reprint Saved Jobs, Email, Internet Fax, Workflow Scanning Server.
Also users can be authorized to access one or any combination of the following machine pathways:
Services, Job Status, or Machine Status.
Assignment of users to the System Administrator role or the Accounting Administrator is managed by
groups set up at the LDAP or Active Directory server. Any user listed in the System Administrator group
will be granted sys admin privileges at the device. Likewise any user listed in the Accounting
Administrator group will be granted the privileges for that role. Use of network credentials for system
administrator login provides more security than the legacy model based on a sys admin PIN, allowing for
better tracking of sys admin logins by individual users.
Figure 3-1 provides a schematic view of the authentication and authorization subsystem. Use of the local
accounts database or the network can be set independently for both authentication and authorization,
meaning that it is possible to enable network authentication and local authorization, or vice versa.
Usually the device will be set for both authentication and authorization to take place against the same
database, either local or network.
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Figure 3-1 Authentication and Authorization schematic
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3.2. Login and Authentication Methods
There are a number of methods for different types of users to be authenticated. In addition, the
connected versions of the product also log into remote servers. A description of these behaviors follows.
3.2.1. System Administrator Login [All product configurations]
Users must authenticate themselves to the device. To access the User Tools via the Local UI, a numerical
PIN is required. The customer can set the PIN to anywhere from 3 to 31digits in length. This PIN is
stored in the controller NVM and is inaccessible to the user. Xerox strongly recommends that this PIN be
changed from its default value immediately upon product installation. The PIN should be set to a
minimum of 8 characters in length and changed at least once per month. Longer PINs can be changed
less frequently; a 9-digit PIN would be good for a year. The same PIN is used to access the
Administration screens in the Web UI.
3.2.2. User authentication
Users may authenticate to the device using Kerberos, LDAP, SMB Domain, or NDS authentication
protocols. Once the user is authenticated to the device, the user may proceed to use the Network
Scanning features listed above.
The WebUI allows an SA to set up a default authentication domain and as many as 8 additional
alternate authentication domains. The device will attempt to authenticate the user at each domain
server in turn until authentication is successful, or the list is exhausted.
3.2.2.1. Kerberos Authentication (Solaris or Windows 2000/Windows 2003)
This is an option that must be enabled on the device, and is used in conjunction with all Network
Scanning features (Scan to File, Scan to E-mail, internet fax, and Scan to Fax Server). The authentication
steps are:
1) A User enters a user name and password at the device in the Local UI. The device sends an
authentication request to the Kerberos Server.
2) The Kerberos Server responds with the encrypted credentials of the user attempting to sign on.
3) The device attempts to decrypt the credentials using the entered password. The user is
authenticated if the credentials can be decrypted.
4) The device then logs onto and queries the LDAP server trying to match an email address against the
user’s Login Name. The user’s email address will be retrieved if the personalization option has been
selected on the Authentication Configuration page.
5) If the LDAP Query is successful, the user’s email address is placed in the From: field. Otherwise, the
user’s login name along with the system domain is used in the From: field.
6) The user may then add recipient addresses by accessing the Address Book on the LDAP server. Please
see the User Manual for details. Each addition is a separate session to the LDAP server.
3.2.2.2. SMB Authentication (Windows NT 4 or Windows 2000/Windows 2003)
This is also an option that may be enabled on the device, and is used in conjunction with all Network
Scanning features (Scan to File, Scan to E-mail, internet fax, and Scan to Fax Server). The authentication
steps vary somewhat, depending on the network configuration. Listed below are 3 network
configurations and the authentication steps.
Basic Network Configuration: Device and Domain Controller are on the same Subnet
Authentication Steps:
1) The device broadcasts an authentication request that is answered by the Domain Controller.
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2) The Domain Controller responds back to the device whether or not the user was successfully
authenticated.
If (2) is successful, steps 3 – 5 proceed as described in steps 4 – 6 of the Kerberos section.
Device and Domain Controller are on different Subnets, SA defines IP Address of Domain Controller
Authentication Steps:
1) The device sends an authentication request directly to the Domain Controller through the
router using the IP address of the Domain Controller.
2) The Domain Controller responds back to the device through the router whether or not the user
was successfully authenticated.
If (2) is successful, steps 3 – 5 proceed as described in 4 - 6 of Kerberos section.
Router
Subnet 1
Subnet 2
1
2
2
3
4
WorkCentre or
WorkCentre Pro
Domain Controller
LDAP Server
5
Device and Domain Controller are on different Subnets, SA defines Hostname of Domain Controller
Authentication Steps:
1) The device sends the Domain Controller hostname to the DNS Server.
Router
Subnet 1
Subnet 2
3
4
3
4
5
6
WorkCentre or
WorkCentre Pro
Domain Controller
LDAP Server
7
1
2
DNS Server
2) The DNS Server returns the IP Address of the Domain Controller
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3) The device sends an authentication request directly to the Domain Controller through the
router using the IP address of the Domain Controller.
4) The Domain Controller responds back to the device through the router whether or not the user
was successfully authenticated.
If (4) is successful, steps 5 – 7 proceed as described in steps 4 - 6 of the Kerberos section.
3.2.2.3. DDNS
The implementation in the device does not support any security extensions.
3.3. System Accounts
3.3.1. Printing [Multifunction models only]
The device may be set up to connect to a print queue maintained on a remote print server. The login
name and password are sent to the print server in clear text. IPSec should be used to secure this channel.
3.3.2. Network Scanning [Multifunction models only]
Network Scanning may require the device to log into a server. The instances where the device logs into a
server are detailed in the following table. Users may also need to authenticate for scanning. This
authentication is detailed in subsequent sections.
3.3.2.1. Device log on
Scanning feature
Scan to File, Public Template
Device behavior
The device logs in to the scan repository as set up by the SA in User
Tools.
Scan to E-mail, I-Fax
The device logs into an SMTP Server as set up by the SA in User
Tools. It will only log into the Server when a user attempts to use
the scan-to-email feature. At the time the LDAP server must be
accessed, the device will log into the LDAP server.
The device uses simple authentication on the SMTP server. A network
username and password must be assigned to the device. The device
logs in as a normal user, with read only privileges. User credentials are
not used for this authentication step, and are never transmitted over the
network.
Scan to Fax Server
The device logs in to the Fax Server as set up by the SA in User Tools on
the Local UI or from the Properties tab on the WebUI.
Please note that when the device logs into any server the device username and password are sent over
the network in clear text unless SSL has been enabled or IPSec has been configured to encrypt the traffic.
3.3.2.2. Scan Template Management
This is a web service that allows the SA to manage templates stored in a remote template pool. The
connection to the remote pool can be secured with SSL.
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3.4. Diagnostics
3.4.1. Service [All product configurations]
To access onboard diagnostics from the local user interface, Xerox service representatives must enter a
unique 4-digit password. This PIN is the same for all product configurations and cannot be changed.
For additional security, a Xerox authorized service representative can enable a “secure diagnostics” mode.
In this mode, the service representative must enter two PINs to access onboard diagnostics. When
enabling the secure diagnostics mode for the first time, the service representative should change the PIN
to something known only to him or his local team. On subsequent logins, the secure diagnostics PIN must
be entered followed by the standard diagnostics PIN in order to gain access to the diagnostics menu.
3.4.2. Alternate Boot via Serial Port
Alternate Boot (Alt-boot) is a means for the Portable Service Workstation (PSW) to directly connect to the
controller. The primary purpose of Alternate Boot is to provide the capability to boot the controller in
case of hard disk failure, to perform system diagnostics, and load controller software, independent of
other sub-systems.
To enter this mode a user must strike any key on the PSW within 10 seconds of power on. If the 10
seconds times out, then the normal boot sequence occurs and the serial port acts as a typical tty (see
next section). However, if this mode is entered, a Xerox unique serial protocol is used to communicate to
the alt-boot code. All commands are DOS-type menu driven (i.e. type in a number to start a command).
If a PSW is connected, the application on the PSW cannot be accessed without logging on with a
password (see next section).
If the PSW is used and is successfully logged on, then the Ethernet port is used to download executable
files. The serial port is used for commands and status. Again, please refer to the PSW section for details.
3.4.3. tty Mode
When the controller has completed booting a login line will be displayed. This mode is a typical tty
window, and is password protected. This password changes with each major software release. The
password is stored on the controller hard disk in an encrypted format similarly to how UNIX encrypts and
stores passwords. Through this port a user can gain information and access to any files or information
stored in the controller DRAM or controller hard disk. However, this mode is only used by a CSE if directed
by a Field Engineer when all other diagnostics fail to solve a problem. The written repair procedures that
direct the CSE never employ this mode.
3.4.4. Diagnostics via Portable Service Workstation (PSW) Port
When connected to the PSW Port, the PSW provides an extensive suite of diagnostic functions for use by
the Xerox Customer Service Engineer (CSE). The over-the-wire protocol is Xerox proprietary. This port
cannot process any other protocol except this proprietary protocol used for machine diagnosis. Also, the
PSW must have an application loaded to connect to and communicate with the device.
Customer documents or files cannot be accessed during a diagnostic session, nor are network servers
accessible through this port.
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3.4.4.1. Access
The Xerox Service Technician must be authenticated twice:
1. The first password, called the PSW Lock Facility, is obtained by calling a Xerox service location and
providing the CSE employee number and the serial number of the PSW. The password is then given to
the Xerox Service Technician, and is valid for 90 days. When the password expires, the Xerox Service
Technician must call in again. This password is unique to the client application running on that particular
PSW, and is required to log onto the PSW prior to initiating communications with the machine.
2. Once the application is running, the PSW supplies the second password (different from the first) to
authenticate the session to the device. This embedded password is automatically passed from the
application to the machine, and is never seen by anyone. It is hardcoded in the software of the Marking
Engine and the PSW application, and is common to all products. It is not encrypted. Many of the
diagnostic routines will require this password in order to function.
3.4.4.2. Communication Protocol
The communication process uses a Xerox proprietary protocol. Each packet passing back and forth will
have a unique identifier (session key) with it for authentication and tracking purposes. All protocols are
API based – very little information is directly transferred. For example, in order to run any given
diagnostic test, the ‘Start Test XXX’ command is sent to the Marking Engine. The Marking Engine runs
the test and responds with a “Test XXX passed (or failed)’ reply. This is illustrated in the following
diagram:
Network
Network Controller
Marking Engine
Marking Engine information may be
retrieved; no image data may be accessed
PSW (Laptop computer)
3.4.4.3. Network Diagnostics executed from the PSW
The PSW allows the technician to execute certain Network diagnostic tests by connecting directly to the
serial port on the controller. These tests are executed with the device disconnected from the customer’s
LAN.
The tests that are available are echo tests for the various protocols (e.g. IP, IPX), where the controller
sends a dummy message to itself to test the transmit and receive capabilities of its own connectivity
stacks. Each protocol is tested individually and each test must be invoked separately. The diagnostic
sequence is as follows:
1) After the PSW and Marking Engine have established a connection, the PSW must send the expected
synchronization message to the machine.
2) The Marking Engine will respond with an acknowledge message containing its serial number.
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3) The PSW will send a request for Diagnostic service and a password.
4) Assuming the password is authentic, the Marking Engine will either execute a Marking Engine diagnostic, or
else forward the diagnostic request to the controller. If this is a network diagnostic, the controller will
execute the diagnostic and report results back to the Marking Engine.
5) The Marking Engine will report diagnostic results back to the PSW.
3.4.4.4. Accessible Data
The only files that are accessible are various log files (fault log, internal event log, complete job log,
configuration log and a debug log). The customer’s network is accessible for diagnostic purposes only.
However, there is one diagnostic routine (Get Network Connectivity Data), where the device will collect
data about the network it is on and transmit the data. The CSE is expected to seek permission from the
customer before connecting the device to the LAN and performing this diagnostic.
The Novell test will only collect information for devices on the local network. It will not provide
information for any devices across a router. The following data will be stored on the controller:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Frame Type (local network devices only)
Server Name
Server internal network number
Server node (Media Access Control) address
Server NOS version number
Hop count to device (local net)
The IP test will collect data from all responding IP routers and lpd hosts. The following data will be stored
on the controller:
•
•
•
•
controller Interface where host discovered (Ethernet, Token Ring, etc.)
Device subnet mask
Device IP address
Device Media Access Control (MAC) address
The Novell test will NOT collect:
•
•
•
Print Queue Name
Attached to File Server status
Attached to Print Queue status
The IP test will NOT collect:
•
•
•
•
Device Name
Gateway IP address
Destination Network number
Hop count to device
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3.4.5. Summary
As stated above, accessibility of customer documents, files or network resources is impossible via the
PSW. In the extremely unlikely event that someone did spoof the Xerox proprietary protocols, only
diagnostic activities can be executed.
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4. Security Aspects of
Selected Features
4.1. Audit Log
The device maintains a security audit log. Recording of security audit log data can be enabled or disabled
by the SA. The audit log is implemented as a circular log containing a maximum of 15000 event entries,
meaning that once the maximum number of entries is reached, the log will begin overwriting the earliest
entry. Only an SA will be authorized to download the log from the device. The log may only be exported
over an https: connection, so SSL must be set up before retrieving the log. The log is exported in MS-Excel
comma-separated file format. The log does not clear when it is disabled, and will persist through power
cycles.
The following table lists the events that are recorded in the log:
Event
ID
1
Event description
System startup
Entry Data
Device name
Device serial number
Device name
Device serial number
Device name
2
3
4
System shutdown
Manual ODIO Standard started
Manual ODIO Standard complete
Device serial number
Device name
Device serial number
Overwrite Status
Job name
5
Print job
User Name
Completion Status
IIO status
Accounting User ID
Accounting Account ID
Job name
6
Network scan job
User Name
Completion Status
IIO status
Accounting User ID
Accounting Account ID
total-number-net-destination
net-destination.
Job name
7
Server fax job
User Name
Completion Status
IIO status
Accounting User ID
Accounting Account ID
Total-fax-recipient-phone-numbers
fax-recipient-phone-numbers
net-destination.
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Event
ID
Event description
Entry Data
8
IFAX
Job name
User Name
Completion Status
IIO status
Accounting User ID
Accounting Account ID
total-number-of-smtp-recipients
smtp-recipients
Job name
9
Email job
User Name
Completion Status
IIO status
Accounting User ID
Accounting Account ID
total-number-of-smtp-recipients
smtp-recipients
10
11
12
Audit Log Disabled
Audit Log Enabled
Copy
Device name
Device serial number
Device name
Device serial number
Job name
User Name
Completion Status
IIO status
Accounting User ID
Accounting Account ID
Total-fax-recipient-phone-numbers
fax-recipient-phone-numbers
Job name
13
Efax
User Name
Completion Status
IIO status
Accounting User ID
Accounting Account ID
Total-fax-recipient-phone-numbers
fax-recipient-phone-numbers
Job name
14
Lan Fax Job
User Name
Completion Status
IIO status
Accounting User ID
Accounting Account ID
Total-fax-recipient-phone-numbers
fax-recipient-phone-numbers
Device name
Device serial number
Device name
Device serial number
Device name
15
16
17
Data Encryption enabled
Manual ODIO Full started
Manual ODIO Full complete
Device serial number
Overwrite Status
Job name or Dir name
User Name
Completion Status
IIO status
20
21
Scan to Mailbox job
Delete File/Dir
Job name or Dir name
User Name
Completion Status
IIO status
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Event
ID
22
Event description
USB Thumbdrive
Entry Data
UserName
Device name
Device serial number
USB port
Completion Status (Enabled/Disabled)
UserName
Device name
Device serial number
Completion Status (Enabled/Disabled)
Job name or Dir name
User Name
Completion Status (Normal/Error)
IIO status
Job name or Dir name
User Name
23
24
25
26
Scan to Home
Scan to Home job
Copy store job
PagePack login
Completion Status (Normal/Error)
IIO status
Device name
Device serial number
Completion Status (Success, Failed)
Locked out (if Max attempts exceed 5)
Time remaining
27
29
Postscript Passwords
Network User Login
Device name
Device serial number
StartupMode (enabled/disabled)
System Params Password (changed or failed)
Start Job Password (changed or failed)
Completion Status (Success, Failed)
UsereName
Device name
Device serial number
Completion Status (Success, Failed)
Device name
Device serial number
Completion Status (Success or Failed)
UserName
30
31
SA login
User Login
Device name
Device serial number
Completion Status (Success or Failed)
Service name
32
33
34
35
36
Service Login Diagnostics
Audit log download
IIO feature status
SA pin changed
Device name
Device serial number
Completion status (Success or Failed).
UserName
Device name
Device Serial Number
Completion status (Success or Failed).
UserName
Device name
Device serial number
IIO Status (enabled or disabled)
UserName
Device name
Device serial number
Completion status
UserName
Audit log Transfer
Device name
Device serial number
Completion status
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Event
ID
Event description
Entry Data
37
SSL
UserName
Device name
Device serial number
Completion status (Enabled/Disabled).
UserName
Device name
38
39
40
41
42
43
X509 certificate
IP sec
Device serial number
Completion Status (Created/uploaded/Downloaded).
UserName
Device name
Device serial number
Completion Status (Configured/enabled/disabled).
UserName
Device name
SNMPv3
Device serial number
Completion Status (Configured/enabled/disabled).
UserName
Device name
IP Filtering Rules
Network Authentication
Device clock
Device serial number
Completion Status (Configured/enabled/disabled).
UserName
Device name
Device serial number
Completion Status (Enabled/Disabled)
UserName
Device name
Device serial number
Completion Status (time changed/date changed)
Device name
Device serial number
Completion Status (Success, Failed)
Device name
Device serial number
Completion Status (Success, Failed)
Device name
Device serial number
44
45
46
SW upgrade
Cloning
Secure scanning
Completion Status (Certificate Validation success,
certificate validation failed)
Device name
47
48
Secure authentication
Service login copy mode
Device serial number
Completion status (completed w errors).
Service name
Device name
Device serial number
Completion Status (Success, Failed)
UserName
Device name
49
Smartcard access
Device serial number
Completion Status (Success, Failed)
Device name
Device serial number
Process name
Device name
50
51
Process terminated
ODIO scheduled
Device serial number
ODIO type (Full or Standard)
Scheduled time
ODIO status (Started/Completed/canceled)
Completion Status (Success/Failed/Canceled)
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Event
ID
53
Event description
CPSR Backup
Entry Data
File Name
User Name
Completion Status (Normal / Error)
IIO Status
File Name
54
CPSR Restore
User Name
Completion Status (Normal / Error)
IIO Status
55
60
SA Tools Access Admin
Device serial number
Completion Status (Locked/Unlocked)
Device Name
Device Clock NTP Enable/Disable
Device serial number
Enable/Disable NTP
NTP Server IP Address
Completion Status (Success/Failed)
Device Name
61
Grant / Revoke Admin
Device Serial Number
User Name (of target user)
Grant or Revoke (the admin right)
Completion Status (Success/Failed)
UserName
62
63
64
Smartcard (CAC/PIV)
Enable/Disable/Configure
Device Name
Device Serial Number
Completion Status (Success/Failed)
UserName
IPv6
Enable/Disable/Configure
Device Name
Device Serial Number
Completion Status (Success/Failed)
UserName
802.1x
Enable/Disable/Configure
Device Name
Device Serial Number
Completion Status (Success/Failed)
Device Name
Device Serial Number
UserName
Device Name
65
66
Abnormal System Termination
Local Authentication
Device Serial Number
Completion Status (Enabled/Disabled)
UserName
67
69
73
Web User Interface Authentication
(Enable Network or Local)
Device Name
Device Serial Number
Authentication Method Enabled (Network/Local)
UserName
Xerox Secure Access Login
System Log Download
Device Name
Device Serial Number
Completion Status (Success/Failed)
Username
IP of requesting device (if available)
File names downloaded
Destination (IP address or USB device)
Completion status (Success/failed)
Device serial number
Completion Status (Success/Failed)
106
SA PIN Reset
Event
ID
Event description
Entry Data
1
System startup
Device name
Device serial number
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Event
ID
Event description
System shutdown
Entry Data
2
3
4
Device name
Device serial number
Device name
Device serial number
Device name
Device serial number
Overwrite Status
Job name
Manual ODIO Standard
started
Manual ODIO Standard
complete
5
Print job
User Name
Completion Status
IIO status
Accounting User ID
Accounting Account ID
Job name
6
Network scan job
User Name
Completion Status
IIO status
Accounting User ID
Accounting Account ID
total-number-net-destination
net-destination.
Job name
7
Server fax job
User Name
Completion Status
IIO status
Accounting User ID
Accounting Account ID
Total-fax-recipient-phone-numbers
fax-recipient-phone-numbers
net-destination.
8
IFAX
Job name
User Name
Completion Status
IIO status
Accounting User ID
Accounting Account ID
total-number-of-smtp-recipients
smtp-recipients
9
Email job
Job name
User Name
Completion Status
IIO status
Accounting User ID
Accounting Account ID
total-number-of-smtp-recipients
smtp-recipients
10
11
12
Audit Log Disabled
Audit Log Enabled
Copy
Device name
Device serial number
Device name
Device serial number
Job name
User Name
Completion Status
IIO status
Accounting User ID
Accounting Account ID
Total-fax-recipient-phone-numbers
fax-recipient-phone-numbers
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Event
ID
Event description
Entry Data
13
Efax
Job name
User Name
Completion Status
IIO status
Accounting User ID
Accounting Account ID
Total-fax-recipient-phone-numbers
fax-recipient-phone-numbers
Job name
14
Lan Fax Job
User Name
Completion Status
IIO status
Accounting User ID
Accounting Account ID
Total-fax-recipient-phone-numbers
fax-recipient-phone-numbers
Device name
Device serial number
Device name
Device serial number
Device name
15
16
17
Data Encryption enabled
Manual ODIO Full started
Manual ODIO Full complete
Device serial number
Overwrite Status
20
21
22
Scan to Mailbox job
Delete File/Dir
Job name or Dir name
User Name
Completion Status
IIO status
Job name or Dir name
User Name
Completion Status
IIO status
UserName
USB Thumbdrive
Device name
Device serial number
USB port
Completion Status (Enabled/Disabled)
UserName
Device name
Device serial number
Completion Status (Enabled/Disabled)
Job name or Dir name
User Name
Completion Status (Normal/Error)
IIO status
Job name or Dir name
User Name
23
24
25
26
Scan to Home
Scan to Home job
Copy store job
PagePack login
Completion Status (Normal/Error)
IIO status
Device name
Device serial number
Completion Status (Success, Failed)
Locked out (if Max attempts exceed 5)
Time remaining
27
Postscript Passwords
Device name
Device serial number
StartupMode (enabled/disabled)
System Params Password (changed or failed)
Start Job Password (changed or failed)
Completion Status (Success, Failed)
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Event
ID
Event description
Entry Data
29
Network User Login
UsereName
Device name
Device serial number
Completion Status (Success, Failed)
Device name
Device serial number
Completion Status (Success or Failed)
UserName
30
31
SA login
User Login
Device name
Device serial number
Completion Status (Success or Failed)
Service name
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Service Login Diagnostics
Audit log download
IIO feature status
SA pin changed
Audit log Transfer
SSL
Device name
Device serial number
Completion status (Success or Failed).
UserName
Device name
Device Serial Number
Completion status (Success or Failed).
UserName
Device name
Device serial number
IIO Status (enabled or disabled)
UserName
Device name
Device serial number
Completion status
UserName
Device name
Device serial number
Completion status
UserName
Device name
Device serial number
Completion status (Enabled/Disabled).
UserName
X509 certificate
IP sec
Device name
Device serial number
Completion Status (Created/uploaded/Downloaded).
UserName
Device name
Device serial number
Completion Status (Configured/enabled/disabled).
UserName
SNMPv3
Device name
Device serial number
Completion Status (Configured/enabled/disabled).
UserName
IP Filtering Rules
Network Authentication
Device clock
Device name
Device serial number
Completion Status (Configured/enabled/disabled).
UserName
Device name
Device serial number
Completion Status (Enabled/Disabled)
UserName
Device name
Device serial number
Completion Status (time changed/date changed)
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Event
ID
44
Event description
SW upgrade
Entry Data
Device name
Device serial number
Completion Status (Success, Failed)
Device name
Device serial number
Completion Status (Success, Failed)
Device name
Device serial number
45
46
Cloning
Secure scanning
Completion Status (Certificate Validation success, certificate
validation failed)
Device name
47
48
Secure authentication
Service login copy mode
Device serial number
Completion status (completed w errors).
Service name
Device name
Device serial number
Completion Status (Success, Failed)
UserName
Device name
49
Smartcard access
Device serial number
Completion Status (Success, Failed)
Device name
Device serial number
Process name
Device name
50
51
Process terminated
ODIO scheduled
Device serial number
ODIO type (Full or Standard)
Scheduled time
ODIO status (Started/Completed/canceled)
Completion Status (Success/Failed/Canceled)
4.2. Xerox Standard Accounting
Xerox Standard Accounting (XSA), intended primarily for use as an accounting service, can be used as an
internal authorization service. XSA tracks copy, scan (including filing and email), print and fax usage by
individual user1. The system administrator can enable/disable the feature via the LUI or Web UI, add or
delete users, and set usage limits by service for each user. If XSA is enabled, a walk-up user must enter a
valid XSA ID before being allowed access to the device. The device will confirm that the entered XSA ID
matches an authorized user, and that the usage limits for the selected service have not been exceeded. In
this sense, XSA acts as an authorization service. The system administrator can limit access to device
services by setting the usage limits on specific services to zero for users that should not have rights to use
the feature. After each job is performed, the user’s balance is updated by the number of impressions or
scans performed. Services become unavailable to the user when the usage limits are exceeded.
When XSA is enabled in the print driver or on the Web UI, before a print job is submitted, an XSA ID must
also be entered. The ID is sent to the controller for validation. If the submitted ID is valid, the job will print,
and the user’s balance will be updated by the number of impressions performed. If the submitted ID is
invalid, the job is deleted and an error sheet is printed in its place.
1 On color machines XSA can track color copy or color print usage.
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On demand, the SA will be able to download a report that shows activity for all of the users. The SA can
add, modify or remove users and their allocations at any point.
An end user will be able to review their balances by entering a User ID at the LUI or web UI.
4.3. Automatic Meter Reads
Automatic Meter Reads (AMR) is a service that allows devices to electronically report meter readings back
to Xerox. The Systems Administrator sets up the attributes for the AMR service via the web UI, including
registering the device with the Xerox AMR server. Once enabled, the device will poll the Xerox AMR server
daily over the network. The server will check whether it is time in the monthly billing cycle to update the
meter readings. If so, the server will request reads from the device, and the device will then respond by
sending the meter reads back to the server.
This communication process means that the device initiates all communication between it and Xerox. Only
device ID and meter read information is transferred. The information is sent in clear text.
The device can be set to communicate via a proxy server on the customer’s network. The proxy server
address is set up using the WebUI.
4.4. Encrypted Partitions
When enabled by the customer, the controller disk is encrypted using the AES algorithm with a 128-bit key.
256-bit encryption is available via SPAR – please contact Xerox Customer Support and request SPAR 85669.
The key is generated dynamically on each boot, and is kept only in volatile memory. Encryption is installed
but must be enabled by the customer.
4.5. Image Overwrite
The Image Overwrite Security feature provides both Immediate Image Overwrite (IIO) and On-Demand
Image Overwrite (ODIO) functions. Immediately before a job is considered complete, IIO will overwrite any
temporary files associated with print, network scan, internet fax, network fax, or e-mail jobs that had been
created on the controller Hard Disk. The ODIO feature can be executed at any time by the SA and will
overwrite the entire document image partitions of the controller Hard disk. ODIO may also be scheduled to
run at regular times. A standard ODIO will overwrite all image data from memory and disks except for Jobs
and Folders stored in the Reprint Saved Jobs feature; Jobs stored in the Scan to Mailbox feature (if
installed); Fax Dial Directories (if fax card is installed); and Fax Mailbox contents (if fax card is installed). A
full ODIO will overwrite all image data from memory and disks as well as the items excluded from a
standard ODIO.
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4.5.1. Algorithm
The overwrite mechanism for both IIO and ODIO conforms to the U.S. Department of Defense Directive
5200.28-M (Section 7, Part 2, paragraph 7-2022.
The algorithm for the Image Overwrite feature is:
Step 1: Pattern #1 is written to the sectors containing temporary files (IIO) or to the entire spooling
area of the disks (ODIO). (hex value 0x35 (ASCII “5”)).
Step 2: Pattern #2 is written to the sectors containing temporary files (IIO) or to the entire spooling
area of the disks (ODIO). (hex value 0xCA (ASCII compliment of 5)).
Step 3: Pattern #3 is written to the sectors containing temporary files (IIO) or to the entire spooling
area of the disks (ODIO). (hex value 0x97 (ASCII “ú”)).
Step 4: 10% of the overwritten area is sampled to ensure Pattern #3 was properly written. The 10%
sampling is accomplished by sampling a random 10% of the overwritten area.
4.5.2. User Behavior
IIO can be enabled at the local UI only. Once enabled, IIO is invoked automatically immediately prior to the
completion of a print, network scan, internet fax, network fax, or e-mail job. If IIO completes successfully,
status is displayed in the Job Queue. However, if IIO fails, a popup will appear on the Local UI
recommending that the user run ODIO, and a failure sheet will be printed.
ODIO may be invoked either from the Local UI in Tools Pathway or from the CentreWare Internet Services
Web UI. Network functions will be delayed until the overwrite is completed. Copying is unavailable while
the overwrite itself is underway, but copies may be made while the controller is booting.
Upon completion and verification of the ODIO process, a confirmation sheet is printed which indicates the
status of the overwrite. The completion status can be successful, failed, cancelled, or timed-out.
Please note that invocation of ODIO will cause currently processing print jobs to be aborted. However, scan
jobs will not be aborted and so ODIO might fail. The user should insure that all scan jobs have been
completed before invoking ODIO.
Please refer to the customer documentation for a description on how failures are logged.
4.5.3. Overwrite Timing
The ODIO overwrite time is dependent on the type of hard disk in the product. The overwrite and reset
average time is 10 minutes, but longer times are possible.
IIO is performed as a background operation, with no user-perceivable reduction in copy, print or scan
performance.
2http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/archives/520028m_0173/p520028m.pdf
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5. Responses to Known
Vulnerabilities
5.1. Security @ Xerox
(www.xerox.com/security)
Xerox maintains an evergreen public web page that contains the latest security information pertaining to its products.
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Paper
6. APPENDICES
6.1. Appendix A – Abbreviations
API
Application Programming Interface
Automatic Meter Reads
AMR
ASIC
Application-Specific Integrated Circuit. This is a custom integrated circuit that is
unique to a specific product.
CAT
Customer Administration Tool
CSE
Customer Service Engineer
DADF/DADH
DHCP
DNS
Duplex Automatic Document Feeder/Handler
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
Domain Name Server. A centralized database that maps host names to static IP
addresses.
DDNS
DRAM
EEPROM
EGP
Dynamic Domain Name Server. Maps host names to dynamic static IP addresses.
Dynamic Random Access Memory
Electrically erasable programmable read only memory
Exterior Gateway Protocol
GB
Gigabyte
HP
Hewlett-Packard
HTTP
IBM
Hypertext transfer protocol
International Business Machines
Internet Control Message Protocol
Internet Engineering Task Force
Internet Fax
ICMP
IETF
IFAX
IIO
Immediate Image Overwrite
Image Input Terminal (the scanner)
Information Technology
IIT
IT
IOT
Image Output Terminal (the marking engine)
Internet Protocol
IP
IPSec
IPX
Internet Protocol Security
Internet Protocol Exchange
LAN
Local Area Network
LDAP
LDAP Server
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol Server. Typically the same server that is used
for email. It contains information about users such as name, phone number, and
email address. It can also include a users login alias.
LED
Light Emitting Diode
LPR
Line Printer Request
MAC
Media Access Control
MIB
Management Information Base
not applicable
n/a
NDPS
NETBEUI
NETBIOS
NOS
Novell Distributed Print Services
NETBIOS Extended User Interface
Network Basic Input/Output System
Network Operating System
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NVRAM
Non-Volatile Random Access Memory
Non-Volatile Memory
NVM
ODIO
PCL
On-Demand Image Overwrite
Printer Control Language
PDL
Page Description Language
Personal Identification Number
Portable Service Workstation
Printed Wire Board Assembly
Common alternative for PSW
Required Functional Capability
System Administrator
PIN
PSW
PWBA
PWS
RFC
SA
SLP
Service Location Protocol
SNMP
SRAM
SSDP
SSL
Simple Network Management Protocol
Static Random Access Memory
Simple Service Discovery Protocol
Secure Sockets Layer
TCP
Transmission Control Protocol
Tagged Image File Format
User Interface
TIFF
UI
URL
Uniform Resource Locator
User Datagram Protocol
UDP
WebUI
Web User Interface – the web pages resident in the WorkCentre Pro. These are
accessible through any browser using the machine’s IP address as the URL.
XCMI
XSA
Xerox Common Management Interface
Xerox Standard Accounting
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6.2. Appendix B – Supported MIB
Objects
NOTES :
(1) The number of objects shown per MIB group represents the number of objects defined by the IETF
standard for that MIB group. It does not represent the instantiation of the MIB group which may
contain many more objects.
(2) Some MIB objects defined within Input and Output groups of the Printer MIB (RFC 1759) have a
MAX-ACCESS of RW. However, the Printer MIBv2 defines a MIB-ACCESS of RO for these MIB objects
within the Input and Output groups and all machines assessed support RO access. Therefore, RO
access to these MIB objects is considered IETF compliant.
(3) It is assumed that mandatory IETF string-related MIB objects shall contain meaningful data; not
blank strings
(4) The "(C)" notation indicates that the previously stated item is a true caveat condition. The "(I)"
notation indicates that the previous stated item should be regarded as information only.
(5) MIB objects that CANNOT be populated with meaningful data (e.g. a machine may not have paper
level sensors, hence, can only support "0" or "-3 for more than 1 sheet" for prtInputCurrentLevel) will
be considered a caveat, denoted as "(C)".
(6) The Printer MIB requires a few groups from RFC 1213 and RFC 1514 to be supported. Therefore, this
assessment will indicate that these groups are "supported" as long as the basic MIB structures have
been implemented.
Support Definitions
Term
Definition
"supported"
all MIB objects exists and are populated w/ meaningful data that is consistent w/ the
hardware installed within the machine.
"supported w/ caveats"
all MIB objects exists, however, 2 major bugs or less may exists w/ some of the objects that
were not fixed
MIB objects do not exist/implementation was not planned
"not supported"
"not fully supported"
MIB objects exists, HOWEVER, are NOT populated w/ meaningful data OR provide only default
values OR contain 3 or more major bugs
"optional, *"
optional group that is NOT required by the RFC, however, an implementation may exist; some
MIB objects may not be populated w/ meaningful data
SNMP version / Network Transport support
WorkCentre
SNMPv1 (RFC 1157)
SNMPv2P (RFCs 140x)
supported
not supported
supported
supported
supported
supported
SNMPv2C (RFCs 190x)
SNMPv3 (RFCs 1902, 2572, 2574)
SNMP over UDP (IP)
SNMP over IPX (Netware)
SNMP over NETBEUI (Microsoft Networking)
not supported (implemented but never delivered)
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RFC 1759 - Printer MIB Group
RFC 1213 - System group
WorkCentre
supported
supported
supported
supported
supported
RFC 1213 - Interface group
RFC 1514 - Storage group
RFC 1514 - Device group
General group [7 objects]
Covers group [3 objects]
supported w/ caveats = Finisher cover is shown as open when only the
Front Door is open due to detection limitation of status condition
Localization group [4 objects]
supported w/ caveats = only US English language supported
supported
Responsible Party group [2 objects] - OPTIONAL
System Resources group [4 objects]
Input group [12 objects]
supported
supported
supported
supported
Extended Input group [7 objects] - OPTIONAL
Input Media group [4 objects] - OPTIONAL
Output group [6 objects]
supported w/ caveats = only "-3" (i.e. can accept 1 or more sheets) can
be supported for the Top Tray (C)
supported
supported
Extended Output group [7 objects] - OPTIONAL
Output Dimensions group [5 objects] OPTIONAL
Output Features group [6 objects] - OPTIONAL
Marker group [15 objects]
supported
supported
supported
supported
Marker Supplies group [9 objects] - OPTIONAL
Marker Colorant group [5 objects] - OPTIONAL
Media Path group [11 objects]
supported
supported
Channels group [8 objects]
Interpreter group [12 objects]
Console group [4 objects]
supported
supported w/ caveats = prtConsoleDisable is hardcoded to enabled(3),
prtConsoleLocalization hardcoded to 1
Console Display Buffer group [2 objects]
supported w/ caveats = limited local UI messaging captured within table
(C), local UI button selection messages are not captured within table
supported w/ caveats = only the Power Saver LED is supported, the other
LEDs were not implemented because they represent local UI menu
activations (I)
Console Display Light group [5 objects]
Alert Table group [8 objects]
Alert Time group [1 object] - OPTIONAL
supported
supported
RFC 1514 – Host Resources MIB group
System group [7 objects]
Storage group [8 objects]
WorkCentre
supported
supported
Devices group [6 objects]
supported w/ caveats = hrDeviceStatus for xcmHrDeviceScanner does
not work, hrDeviceErrors for xcmHrDeviceScanner does not work, all other
device error counts AND hrDeviceStatus are not supported ©
supported
Processor Table [2 objects]
Network Interface Table [1 object]
Printer Table [2 objects]
supported
supported
Disk Storage Table [4 objects]
Partition Table [5 objects]
File System Table [9 objects]
supported
supported
supported w/ caveats = hrFSLastFullBackupDate &
hrFSLastPartialBackupDate are not supported ©
optional, not supported
optional, not supported
optional, not supported
Software Running group [7 objects] – OPTIONAL
Software Running Performance group [2 objects] – OPTIONAL
Software Installed group [7 objects] – OPTIONAL
RFC 1213 - MIB-II for TCP/IP group
System group [7 objects]
WorkCentre
supported
supported w/ caveats = ifInUnknownProtos does not work
Interfaces group [23 objects]
Address Translation group [3 objects]
IP group [42 objects]
supported, but this group has been DEPRICATED by the IETF
supported
ICMP group [26 objects]
TCP group [19 objects]
supported
supported
UDP group [6 objects]
EGP group [20 objects]
supported
not applicable because Exterior Gateway Protocol not supported by
machine
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RFC 1213 - MIB-II for TCP/IP group
Transmission group [0 objects]
SNMP group [28 objects]
WorkCentre
not applicable because the group has not yet been defined by the IETF
supported
supported
System Object Resources Table/objects per RFC 1907 [8
objects]
Additional Capabilities / Application Support
ability to change GET, SET, TRAP PDU community names
WorkCentre
supported, default values : GET="public", SET="private",
TRAP="SNMP_trap"
Printer MIB traps
SNMP Generic Traps
Vendor-specific Traps
supported = printerV1Alert, printerV2Alert
supported = coldStart, warmStart, authenticationFailure
supported = xcmJobV1AlertNew, xcmJobV2AlertNew for job monitoring
alerts
set trap destination address(es) for any 3rd party Net Mgmt
apps.
supported via Web UI
polling for IETF status objects using any 3rd party Net Mgmt
apps.
supported
walking IETF MIB tree structure using any 3rd party Net Mgmt supported
app. (e.g. HP OpenView, etc.) / shareware program
New type 2 enumerations from next generation Host
Resources MIB supported
optional, not support because Host Resources MIBv2 has NOT entered
the standards track
supported
New type 2 enumerations from next generation Printer MIB
supported
New Printer MIBv2 objects implemented
optional, not support because Printer MIBv2 has NOT entered the
standards track
IETF AppleTalk MIB (RFC ?) implemented
Job monitoring via MIBs
Vendor-specific MIBs implemented
not supported
supported via Xerox MIBs
supported = Network Connectivity, Job Monitoring, Scan-to-File, and
Scan-to-LAN FAX features supported via Xerox MIBs
Vendor-specific MIBs provided to customer
supported w/ caveat = planned support within 2 - 3Q00 via Xerox web
Vendor-specific client application(s) provided
required Windows2000 MIB objects supported
Embedded Web Server support
CentreWare Services
supported
supported
supported
Xerox PrinterMap application support
Xerox PrintXchange support
supported
supported = w/ Xerox NDPS Gateway solution w/ improved device status
Novell Distributed Print Services support
Dazel Output Management Environment
HP OpenView snap-in module
supported
supported
supported
supported
CA Unicenter snap-in module
IBM/Tivoli NetView snap-in module
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6.3. Appendix C –Standards
Controller Hardware
PCI Specification (PCI Local Bus Specification Revision 2.1)
100 Megabit Ethernet (IEEE 802.3)
Universal Serial Bus 1.1
Parallel (IEEE 1284)
IEEE 1394a (FireWire)
Controller Software
RFC/Standard
950
Function
Internet Protocol
Internet standard subnetting procedure
Broadcasting internet datagrams
IP Version 6
919
922
2460
2373
2463
1933
793
IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture
ICMP Version 6 Protocol
Transition Mechanisms for IPv6 Hosts and Routers
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
User Datagram Protocol
768
Standard for the transmission of IP datagrams over Ethernet
networks
894
1042
792
Standard for the transmission of IP datagrams over IEEE802
networks
ICMP – ICMP Echo, ICMP Time, ICMP Echo Reply, and ICMP
Destination Unreachable message.
Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP)
Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP)
903
951
Clarifications and Extensions for the Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP)
X.500 Distinguished Name RFC references
SLP
1542
1779, 2253, 2297, 2293
2608
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
DHCP Options and BOOTP Vendor Extensions
X.509 Certificate RFC references
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol version 1.1 (HTTP)
Line Printer Daemon (LPR/LPD)
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
2131
2132
2247, 2293, 2459, 2510, 2511, 3280
2616
1179
959
SNMPv1
1157
SNMPv2
1901, 1905, 1906, 1908, 1909
1902, 2572, 2574
1155, 1212
SNMPv3
Structure of Management Information (SMI) for SNMPv1
Structure of Management Information (SMI) for SNMPv2
IETF MIBs:
1902, 1903, 1904
MIB II
Host Resources
RFC 1759 (Printer), Printer MIB V2
1213
1514
1759
SNMP Traps
1215
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Paper
RFC/Standard
10175
Function
Document Printing Application (DPA)
Appletalk
Inside Appletalk, Second Edition
Printing Description Languages
Postscript Language Reference, Third Edition
PCL6 (PCL5E 5SI emulation)
PCL6 (PCLXL 5M emulation)
TIFF 6.0
JPEG
Portable Document Format Reference Manual Version 1.3
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6.4. Appendix E – References
Kerberos FAQ
faq.html
IP port numbers
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