Teledyne Automobile Parts Hfm I 401 User Manual
TELEDYNE  
HASTINGS  
INSTRUMENTS  
INSTRUCTION MANUAL  
HFM-I-401 AND HFM-I-405  
INDUSTRIAL  
FLOW METERS  
I S O 9 0 0 1  
C E R T I F I E D  
Qui  
ck  
Sta  
rt  
Inst  
ruc  
tion  
s
Connect dry, clean gas and ensure connections are  
leak free.  
Connect Cable for power and analog signal output.  
Check that electrical connections are correct.  
(See diagrams below)  
Replace front cover and cable feed-through ensuring  
gasket is seated and fasteners are secure.  
12  
1
Terminal Strip  
PINS  
RS232  
RS485  
ETHERNET  
SHIELD  
GROUND  
TRANSMIT  
RECEIVE  
UNUSED  
UNUSED  
GROUND  
TX+ (A)  
RX+ (A)  
TX- (B)  
GROUND  
TD+  
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
RD+  
Digital Connector  
TD-  
4
RX- (B)  
RD-  
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CAUTION  
CAUTION  
This instrument is available with multiple pin-outs.  
Ensure electrical connections are correct.  
The 400-I series flow meters are designed for IEC  
Installation/Over voltage Category II – single phase receptacle  
connected loads.  
The Hastings 400 Series flow meters are designed for  
INDOOR and OUTDOOR operation.  
NOTE  
CAUTION  
In order to maintain the integrity of the Electrostatic Discharge  
immunity both parts of the remote mounted version of the HFM-  
I-400 instrument must be screwed to a well grounded structure.  
In order to maintain the environmental integrity of the enclosure  
the power/signal cable jacket must have a diameter of 0.12 -  
0.35” (3 – 9 mm) for the cable gland or 0.25 - 0.275” (6.5 – 7  
mm) for the circular connector. The nut on the cable gland must  
be tightened down sufficiently to secure the cable. This cable  
must be rated for at least 85°C.  
CAUTION  
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Table of Contents  
GENERAL INFORMATION.....................................................................................................................................1  
1. GENERAL INFORMATION ....................................................................................................................................1  
1.1. OVERVIEW......................................................................................................................................................1  
1.1.1.  
1.1.2.  
1.1.3.  
1.1.4.  
400 Series Family ..................................................................................................................................1  
400 Series Meters ..................................................................................................................................1  
Measurement Approach.........................................................................................................................1  
Additional Functions..............................................................................................................................1  
1.2.  
SPECIFICATIONS .............................................................................................................................................2  
INSTALLATION.........................................................................................................................................................4  
2. INSTALLATION....................................................................................................................................................4  
2.1.  
2.2.  
2.3.  
2.4.  
2.5.  
RECEIVING INSPECTION..................................................................................................................................4  
ENVIRONMENTAL AND GAS REQUIREMENTS..................................................................................................4  
MECHANICAL CONNECTIONS .........................................................................................................................4  
MOUNTING THE ELECTRONICS REMOTELY.....................................................................................................5  
ELECTRICAL CONNECTION .............................................................................................................................5  
2.5.1.  
2.5.2.  
2.5.2.1.  
2.5.2.2.  
Power Supply.........................................................................................................................................6  
Analog Output........................................................................................................................................6  
Current Loop Output .........................................................................................................................6  
Voltage output....................................................................................................................................9  
2.6.  
2.7.  
DIGITAL CONNECTION....................................................................................................................................9  
DIGITAL CONFIGURATION ..............................................................................................................................9  
2.7.1.  
2.7.2.  
2.7.3.  
RS-232 ...................................................................................................................................................9  
RS-485 .................................................................................................................................................10  
Ethernet ...............................................................................................................................................10  
2.8.  
2.9.  
2.10.  
2.11.  
2.12.  
ALARM OUTPUT CONNECTION .....................................................................................................................10  
AUXILIARY INPUT CONNECTION ..................................................................................................................11  
ROTARY GAS SELECTOR...........................................................................................................................12  
ELECTRICAL REMOTE ZERO CONNECTION ...............................................................................................13  
CHECK INSTALLATION PRIOR TO OPERATION...........................................................................................13  
OPERATION.............................................................................................................................................................15  
3. OPERATION ......................................................................................................................................................15  
3.1.  
3.2.  
3.3.  
ENVIRONMENTAL AND GAS CONDITIONS.....................................................................................................15  
INTERPRETING THE ANALOG OUTPUT ..........................................................................................................15  
DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS.........................................................................................................................15  
3.3.1.  
3.3.2.  
3.4.  
3.4.1.  
3.4.2.  
Digitally Reported Flow Output ..........................................................................................................16  
Digitally Reported Analog Input..........................................................................................................16  
ZEROING THE INSTRUMENT ..........................................................................................................................16  
Preparing for a Zero Check.................................................................................................................16  
Adjusting Zero .....................................................................................................................................17  
3.5. OVER-RANGE................................................................................................................................................17  
3.6.  
3.7.  
REVERSE FLOW ............................................................................................................................................18  
HIGH PRESSURE OPERATION ........................................................................................................................18  
3.7.1.  
3.7.2.  
3.8.  
3.9.  
3.10.  
3.11.  
Zero Shift .............................................................................................................................................19  
Span Shift.............................................................................................................................................19  
WARNINGS/ALARMS ....................................................................................................................................19  
MULTI-GAS CALIBRATIONS ..........................................................................................................................19  
FLOW TOTALIZATION ...............................................................................................................................20  
ADDITIONAL DIGITAL CAPABILITIES........................................................................................................20  
PARTS AND ACCESSORIES .................................................................................................................................21  
4. PARTS & ACCESSORIES.....................................................................................................................................21  
4.1.  
POWER POD – POWER & DISPLAY UNITS ......................................................................................................21  
4.2. FITTINGS.......................................................................................................................................................22  
4.3. CABLES ........................................................................................................................................................22  
WARRANTY .............................................................................................................................................................23  
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5. WARRANTY......................................................................................................................................................23  
5.1.  
5.2.  
WARRANTY REPAIR POLICY.........................................................................................................................23  
NON-WARRANTY REPAIR POLICY................................................................................................................23  
APPENDICES............................................................................................................................................................24  
6. APPENDICES .....................................................................................................................................................24  
6.1.  
6.2.  
APPENDIX 1- VOLUMETRIC VERSUS MASS FLOW .........................................................................................24  
APPENDIX 2 - GAS CONVERSION FACTORS...................................................................................................25  
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1. General Information  
1. General Information  
1.1. Overview  
1.1.1. 400 Series Family  
The Hastings 400 Series is a family of flow instruments which is specifically designed to meet the needs  
of the industrial gas flow market. The “I” family in the 400 Series features an IP-65 enclosure which  
allows the use of the instrument in a wide variety of environments. The 400 I products consist of four  
configurations: a flow meter, HFM-I-401, which has a nominal nitrogen full scale between 10 SLM and  
300 SLM and a corresponding flow controller, the HFC-I-403; a larger flow meter, HFM-I-405, which  
ranges from 100 SLM to 2500 SLM, and a corresponding flow controller, the HFC-I-407. These  
instruments are configured in a convenient in-line flow-through design with standard fittings. Each  
instrument in the series can be driven by either a +24 VDC power supply or a bipolar ±15 volt supply.  
The electrical connection can be made via either a terminal strip located inside the enclosure or  
optionally through an IP-65 compatible electrical connector. Also, these instruments include both  
analog and digital communications capabilities.  
1.1.2. 400 Series Meters  
The Hastings HFM-I-401 and HFM-I-405 thermal mass flow meters are designed to provide very  
accurate measurements over a wide range of flow rates and environmental conditions. The design is  
such that no damage will occur from moderate overpressure or overflows and no maintenance is  
required under normal operating conditions when using clean gases.  
1.1.3. Measurement Approach  
The instrument is based on mass flow sensing. This is accomplished by combining a high-speed thermal  
transfer sensor with a parallel laminar flow shunt (see Figure 1-1). The flow through the meter is split  
between the sensor and shunt in a constant ratio set by the full scale range. The thermal sensor consists  
of a stainless steel tube with a heater at its center and two thermocouples symmetrically located  
upstream and downstream of the heater. The ends of the sensor tube pass through an aluminum block  
and into the stainless steel sensor base. With no flow in the tube the thermocouples report the same  
elevated temperature; however a forward flow cools the upstream thermocouple relative to the  
downstream. This temperature difference generates a voltage signal in the sensor which is digitized and  
transferred to the main processor in the electronics enclosure. The processor uses this real-time  
information and the sensor/shunt characteristics stored in non-volatile memory to calculate and report  
the flow.  
To ensure an inherently linear response to flow, both the thermal sensor and the shunt have been  
engineered to overcome problems common to other flow meter designs. For example, nonlinearities and  
performance variations often arise in typical flow meters due to pressure-related effects at the entrance  
and exit areas of the laminar flow shunt. Hastings has designed the 400 Series meters such that the flow-  
critical splitting occurs at locations safely downstream from the entrance effects and well upstream from  
the exit effects. This vastly improves the stability of the flow ratio between the sensor and shunt. The  
result of this design feature is a better measurement when the specific gravity of the flowing medium  
varies, for instance due to changes in pressure or gas type. Also, a common problem in typical flow  
meters is a slow response to flow changes. To improve response time, some flow meter designs  
introduce impurities such as silica gel. Alternatively, Hastings has designed the 400 Series sensor with  
reduced thermal mass to improve the response time without exposing additional materials to the gas  
stream.  
1.1.4. Additional Functions  
These instruments contain a number of functions in addition to reporting flow which include:  
•
Settable alarms and warnings with semiconductor switch outputs  
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•
•
•
•
•
A digitally reported status of alarms and warnings such as overflow/underflow  
A flow totalizer to track the amount of gas added to a system  
A digitizing channel for an auxiliary analog signal  
An internal curve fitting routine for “fine tuning” the base calibration  
An alternate calibration set of 8 different ranges/gases  
1.2.Specifications  
WARNING  
Do not operate this instrument in excess of the specifications  
listed below. Failure to heed this warning can result in serious  
personal injury and/or damage to the equipment.  
HFM-I-401  
HFM-I-405  
Performance  
Full Scale Flow Ranges  
(in N2)  
0-10 slm up to 0-350 slm  
0-100 slm up to 0-2500 slm  
Standard: ± 1% full scale  
Optional: ± (0.5% reading + 0.2%FS)  
± 0.1% of F.S.  
Accuracy1  
Standard: ± 1% full scale  
Optional: ± (0.5% reading + 0.2%FS)  
± 0.1% of F.S.  
Repeatability  
Operating Temperature  
Warm up time  
-20 to 70°C  
-20 to 70°C  
30 min for optimum accuracy  
2 min for ± 2% of full scale  
30 min for optimum accuracy  
2 min for ± 2% of full scale  
Settling Time/Reponse  
Time  
Temperature Coefficient  
of Zero  
< 2.5 seconds (to within ± 2% of full scale)  
< ±0.05% of Full Scale /°C  
< 2.5 seconds (to within ± 2% of full scale)  
< ±0.05% of Full Scale /°C  
Temperature Coefficient  
of Span  
< ±0.16% of reading/°C  
< ±0.16% of reading/°C  
Operating Pressure -  
Maximium  
Standard: 500 psig  
Standard: 500 psig  
Optional: 1500 psig  
Optional: 1000 psig  
Pressure Coefficient of  
Span  
Pressure Drop(N2@14.7  
psia)  
Attitude Sensitivity of  
Zero  
< 0.01%of reading /psi  
< 1.1 psi at full scale flow  
< 2% of F.S.  
(N2, 0-1000 psig)  
< 0.01%of reading /psi  
< 5.1 psi at full scale flow  
< 2% of F.S.  
(N2, 0-1000 psig)  
Electrical  
18-38 VDC, 3.5 watts(Ethernet) 2.5  
watts(RS232/485)  
18-38 VDC, 3.5 watts(Ethernet) 2.5  
watts(RS232/485)  
Power Requirements  
Analog Output  
Standard: 4 – 20 mA  
Standard: 4 – 20 mA  
Optional: 0-10 VDC, 0-20 mA, 0-5 VDC, 1-5 VDC Optional: 0-10 VDC, 0-20 mA, 0-5 VDC, 1-5 VDC  
Digital Output  
Standard: RS 232  
Standard: RS 232  
Optional: RS 485  
Optional: RS 485  
Optional: Ethernet  
Optional: Ethernet  
Analog Connector  
Digital Connector  
Std: Terminal Block – M16 Cable Gland  
Optional: 12 pin Circular Connector  
4 pin, D-coded M12  
Std: Terminal Block – M16 Cable Gland  
Optional: 12 pin Circular Connector  
4 pin, D-coded M12  
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Mechanical  
Fittings  
Standard: 1/2" Swagelok  
Standard: 1" Swagelok  
Optional: ½" VCO®, ½" VCR®, ¾” Swagelok,  
Optional: 1" VCO®,1" VCR®, ¾” Swagelok, ,  
10mm Swagelok, 3/8" male NPT, ½” male NPT  
1" male NPT, ¾” male NPT, 1 5/16"-12 straight  
12mm Swagelok, ¾"-16 SAE/MS straight thread  
< 1x10-8 sccs He  
thread  
< 1x10-8 sccs He  
Leak Integrity  
Wetted Materials  
Weight (approx.)  
316L SS, Nickel 200, 302 SS, Viton®  
12 lb (5.5 kg)  
316L SS, Nickel 200, 302 SS, Viton®  
18 lb (8 kg)  
Viton® is a trademark of DuPont Dow Elastomers, LLC.  
Swagelok®, VCO®and VCR® are trademarks of the Swagelok Company.  
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2. Installation  
2. Installation  
CAUTION  
Many of the functions described in this section require removing  
the enclosure front plate. Care must be taken when reinstalling  
this plate to ensure that the sealing gasket is properly positioned  
and the fasteners are secure to maintain an IP65 compliant seal.  
2.1.Receiving Inspection  
Your instrument has been manufactured, calibrated, and carefully packed so it is ready for operation.  
However, please inspect all items for any obvious signs of damage due to shipment. Immediately advise  
Teledyne Hastings and the carrier if any damage is suspected.  
Use the packing slip as a check list to ensure all parts are present (e.g. flow meter, power supply, cables  
etc.) and that the options are correctly configured (output, range, gas, connector).  
If a return is necessary, obtain an RMA (Return Material Authorization) number from Teledyne  
Hastings’ Customer Service Department at 1-800-950-2468 or [email protected].  
2.2.Environmental and Gas Requirements  
•
•
•
•
Use the following guidelines prior to installing the flow meter:  
Ensure that the temperature of all components and gas supply are between -20° and 70° C  
Ensure that the gas line is free of debris and contamination  
Ensure that the gas is dry and filtered (water and debris may clog the meter and/or affect its  
performance)  
•
If corrosive gases are used, purge ambient (moist) air from the gas lines  
2.3.Mechanical Connections  
The meter can be mounted in any orientation unless using dense gases or pressures higher than 250 psig  
in which case a “flow horizontal” orientation is required. The meter’s measured flow direction is  
indicated by the arrow on the electronics enclosure.  
A straight run of tubing upstream or downstream is not necessary for proper operation of the meter. The  
flow meter incorporates elements that pre-condition the flow profile before the measurement region. So  
for example, an elbow may be installed upstream from the flow meter entrance port without affecting  
the flow performance.  
Compression fittings should be connected and secured according to recommended procedures for that  
fitting. Two wrenches should be used when tightening fittings (as shown in the Quick Start Guide on  
page iii) to avoid subjecting the flow meter body to undue torque and related stress.  
The fittings are not intended to support the weight of the meter. For mechanical structural support,  
four mounting holes (#1/4-20 thread, 3/8” depth) are located in the bottom of the meter. The position  
of these holes is documented on the outline drawing in Appendix 3 (Section 6.3).  
Leak-check all fittings according to an established procedure appropriate for the facility.  
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2.4.Mounting the Electronics Remotely  
In order to maintain the integrity of the Electrostatic Discharge  
CAUTION  
immunity both parts of the remote mounted version of the HFM-  
I-400 instrument must be screwed to a well grounded structure.  
The ferrite that is shipped with the instrument must be installed  
on the cable next to the electronics enclosure.  
The electronics enclosure can be separated  
and relocated up to 30 feet away from the  
flow meter base. This requires a cable which  
is supplied with the instrument if ordered as  
a cable mounted unit. Alternatively, a 2, 5,  
or 10 meter cable can be purchased  
separately. See section 4.2 for ordering  
information and part numbers.  
When remote mounting the electronics  
enclosure, the support bracket can remain  
attached to either the flow meter base or the  
electronics. To separate the electronics  
enclosure from the support bracket, remove  
the two screws located on the back of the  
support bracket. To separate the flow meter  
base from the support bracket, remove the  
four screws that mount the bracket to the top  
of the flow meter base. Unscrew the  
Figure 2-1 Accessing the terminal strip  
electrical connector between electronics enclosure and the flow meter base. Remove the electronics  
enclosure from the flow meter base. Connect the female end  
of the remote electronics cable to the flow meter base and  
Terminal Strip Pin-out  
the male end to the electronics enclosure. The electronics  
(Pins numbered right to left as  
viewed from the front)  
enclosure can be mounted remotely by using the two  
threaded holes in the enclosure. The size and spacing of  
these two holes are specified on the outline drawing in  
Appendix 3 (Section 6.3). These holes may be used by  
inserting fasteners from behind through a new mounting  
bracket or they may be accessed from the front side by  
temporarily removing the enclosure panel. This enables  
mounting the enclosure to a wall or other solid structure.  
Alternatively, if the instrument was originally configured as  
a bracket mounted unit the bracket may be directly  
mounted to a support structure. The bracket mounting  
holes locations are the same as those for the flow meter base  
mounting. (See the outline drawing in Appendix 3, Section  
6.3.)  
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
- Power Supply  
+ Power Supply  
- Flow Output  
+ Flow Output  
+ Auxiliary Input  
- Auxiliary Input  
No Connection  
Digital Common  
Remote Zero  
2.5.Electrical Connection  
10 Alarm 1  
There are two electrical connectors on the Hastings 400-I  
Series flow meters—an analog terminal strip (located  
within the electronics enclosure) and a digital connector.  
The analog connector provides for the power supply to  
the meter along with analog signals and functions. As  
such, its use is required for operation. The digital  
11 Alarm 2  
12 Alarm Common  
Figure 2-2 Electrical  
connections for analog  
inputs/outputs and power  
connector is used for communications in either of RS232,  
RS485, or Ethernet mode depending on the instrument’s  
configuration. The digital connector does not have to be used if the meter is operated as an analog-  
only instrument.  
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There are two possible connection methods to the analog terminal  
strip. The standard method is by inserting a cable through the  
supplied cable gland with an external jacket that meets the  
specifications of the following caution note and tightening down the  
cable gland nut securely to seal against the cable jacket.  
There is also an optional sealed circular connector that may be ordered  
with the instrument. If this connector is ordered the internal terminal  
board will be connected to pins on the circular connector. This option  
will be supplied with the mating connector (if a power cable was not  
ordered with the instrument). This mating connector has pins that must  
be soldered to wires (24 - 28 AWG) in a customer supplied cable that  
meets the specifications in the caution note below. Other sealing collets for cable diameters other than  
specified below can be ordered from Bulgin PX0482 (3 – 5 mm) or PX0483 (5 – 7 mm). Ensure that  
the parts are installed on the cable assembly correctly before assembling. Installation and removal of the  
outer housing may damage the latches and prevent the connector from making a leak-free seal.  
In order to maintain the environmental integrity of the enclosure  
the power/signal cable jacket must have a diameter of 0.12 -  
0.35” (3 – 9 mm) for the cable gland or 0.25 - 0.275” (6.5 – 7  
CAUTION  
mm) for the circular connector. The nut on the cable gland must  
be tightened down sufficiently to secure the cable. This cable  
must be rated for at least 85°C.  
2.5.1. Power Supply  
Ensure that the power source meets the requirements detailed in the specifications section. Hastings  
offers several power supply and readout products that meet these standards and are CE marked. If  
multiple flow meters or other devices are sharing the same power supply, it must have sufficient  
capability to provide the combined maximum current.  
Power is delivered to the instrument through pins 1 and 2 of the analog terminal strip located within the  
electronics enclosure (see Figure 2-1). As shown in the pin-out diagram Figure 2-2, the positive polarity  
of the power supply is connected to pin 2 and the negative is connected to pin 1. (For a unipolar power  
supply, pin 1 is power common and pin 2 is +24V. For a bipolar ±15V power supply, pin 1 is -15V and  
pin 2 is + 15V.) To allow for inadvertent reversal of the power polarity, an internal diode bridge will  
ensure that the proper polarity is applied to the internal circuitry. A green LED located next to the  
terminal strip will illuminate when the meter is properly powered. The power supply inputs are  
galvanically isolated from all other analog and digital circuitry.  
2.5.2. Analog Output  
The indicated flow output signal is found on pins 3 and 4 of the terminal strip as shown in Figure 2-2.  
The negative output pin 3 is galvanically isolated from chasis ground and from the power supply input  
common. The 400 Series meters can be configured to provide one of many available current and voltage  
outputs; the standard 4 -20 mA or the optional 0 -20 mA, 0-5 Vdc, 1-5 Vdc, or 0-10 Vdc.  
When the meter is configured with milliamp output it  
cannot generate a signal that is below the zero current  
value; therefore the 0-20 mA unit is limited in its ability  
NOTE  
to indicate a negative flow with the analog signal.  
2.1.1.1. Current Loop Output  
The standard instrument output is a 4 - 20 mA signal proportional to the measured flow (i.e. 4 mA =  
zero flow and 20 mA = 100% FS). An optional current output of 0 – 20 mA (where 0 mA = zero flow  
and 20 mA = 100% FS) may be selected at the time of ordering.  
If either current loop output has been selected, the flow meter acts as a passive transmitter. It neither  
sources nor sinks the current signal. The polarity of the loop must be such that pin 4 is at a higher  
potential than pin 3 on the flow meter terminal strip. Loop power must be supplied with a potential in  
401-405 SERIES  
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the range of 5-28 Vdc from a source external to the flow meter. The loop supply can be the same supply  
as that for the instrument power or it can be an isolated loop supply.  
Figure 2-3 shows a typical setup using the same supply. This method requires a jumper from pin 2 to  
pin 4 on the terminal strip while connecting pin 3 to a wire that carries this signal to the indicator (for  
example, a process ammeter, data acquisition system, or PLC board). To complete the current loop,  
another wire carries the return signal from the flow indicator back to the negative end of the input  
supply.(Alternatively, the loop current can be measured on the “high potential side” by connecting the  
indicator between the pins 2 and 4 while connecting pin 3 to pin 1.)  
Figure 2-4 shows an arrangement using a separate loop supply which is isolated from the instrument  
power supply.  
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Figure 2-3 Wiring diagram showing the current loop supply powered by the instrument supply  
Figure 2-4 Wiring diagram showing the current loop powered by an external supply  
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2.1.1.2. Voltage output  
If the flow meter is configured for a voltage output, the signal will be available as a positive potential on  
pin 4 relative to pin 3 of the terminal strip. Since these pins are galvanically isolated, the signal cannot  
be read by an indicator between pin 4 and pin 1 of the terminal strip. Pin 3 must be used as the return  
to properly read the output on pin 4. If an output that is referenced to power supply common is desired  
then pins 3 and 1 must be connected. It is recommended that these signals be transmitted through  
shielded cable, especially for installations where long cable runs are required or if the cable is located  
near equipment that emits RF energy or uses large currents.  
Note: When the meter is configured with a voltage output it cannot generate a signal that is more than a  
few mV below the zero volt value; therefore the 0-5 volt and 0-10 volt units are limited in their ability to  
indicate a negative flow with the analog signal.  
2.6.Digital Connection  
The digital signals are available on a sealed female D-coded M12 connector that is designed for use on  
industrial Ethernet connections. There are many options for connecting to the M12. Hastings offers an  
8 foot cable (stock# CB-RS232-M12) with a compatible male M12 connector to a 9-pin D connector  
suitable for connecting the 400 I series instrument directly to the RS232 port on a PC. A cable to  
convert USB to RS232 9-pin is available from Hastings (stock# CB-USB-RS232). Also, a 5 meter M12  
male–male cable suitable for digital communications can be purchased from Hastings (stock# CB-  
ETHERNET-M12). Other length cables are available from Lumberg (#0985 342 100/5 M) or Phoenix.  
Converters from the M12 connector to a standard modular Ethernet connector are available from  
Hastings or from Lumberg (#0981 ENC 100). A compatible M12 connector suitable for field wiring  
can be acquired from Harting (21 03 281 1405) or Mouser (617-21-03-281-1405).  
The pin-out for the digital connector is shown in Figure 2-5.  
PINS  
RS232  
RS485  
ETHERNET  
SHIELD  
GROUND  
TRANSMIT  
RECEIVE  
UNUSED  
UNUSED  
GROUND  
TX+ (A)  
RX+ (A)  
TX- (B)  
GROUND  
TD+  
1
2
3
4
1
4
2
3
RD+  
TD-  
RX- (B)  
RD-  
Figure 2-5 Digital connector pin-out  
2.7.Digital Configuration  
Jumper  
Enabled  
RS485  
Disabled  
RS232  
A Hastings 400-I Series flow meter is available with one  
of three digital communications interfaces, RS232,  
RS485, or Ethernet. Unless specified differently at the  
time of ordering, the flow meter is configured for RS232  
operation. For each interface, there are changes that can  
be made to the configuration, either via software or  
hardware settings. A brief overview of these is included  
here. For more detailed information, consult the  
Hastings 400 Series Software Manual.  
1
2
3
4
5
6
Half Duplex  
Full Duplex  
TX Terminated Unterminated  
RX Terminated Unterminated  
9600 Baud  
Addr = 99  
Software Selected  
Software Selected  
2.7.1. RS-232  
The default configuration for the RS-232 interface is  
19200 baud, 8 data bits, no–parity, one stop bit. The  
baud rate is software selectable and can be overridden  
Figure 2-6 Functions for digital jumper field  
by a hardware setting. Hardware settings for RS-232 and RS-485 are enacted on 12 pin jumper field  
located on the left end of the top circuit board in the electronics enclosure. Only the state of jumpers 1,  
2, and 5 affect the RS-232 operation. These jumpers are installed vertically over two pins when enabled  
and are numbered from left to right. Jumper 1 must be disabled for RS-232; jumper 2 is used to select  
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half or full duplex; and jumper 5 is enabled when a hardware override of the baud rate (forcing it to  
9600) is desired. These functions are summarized in Figure 2-6.  
2.7.2. RS-485  
If RS485 is specified on the order, the flow meter is  
set to the default values: address 61, unterminated Tx  
and Rx lines. While the default address is 61, all  
instruments will respond to an address of FF.  
Hardware settings for RS-232 and RS-485 are  
enacted on 12 pin jumper field located on the left end  
of the top circuit board in the electronics enclosure.  
Only the state of jumpers 1, 3, 4, and 6 affect the RS-  
485 operation (see Figure 2-6). These jumpers are  
installed vertically over two pins when enabled and  
are numbered from left to right. Jumper 1 must be  
enabled for RS-485. Enabling jumpers 3 and 4 effect  
a 120 ohm resistance across the transmit and receive  
signal pairs respectively. These should only be  
enabled in the last instrument on a long buss.  
Enabling jumper 6 forces the address to 99; this is  
Figure 2-7 Web browser screen  
sometimes used when initiating communications.  
2.7.3. Ethernet  
If Ethernet is specified on the order, the flow meter has IP  
address 172.16.52.250 and communication port number  
10001. There are no hardware settings required or available  
to modify the configuration. This IP address can be changed  
using a web browser to access the configuration of the  
instrument by typing the IP address into the URL section of  
the browser. Press OK to ignore the username/password  
screen as shown in Figure 2-7. Select the new IP address  
under the network section of the web page configuration  
utility. If this address cannot be reached, the instrument can  
be reconfigured by downloading and installing the Lantronix  
Device Installer routine from:  
http://www.lantronix.com/device-networking/utilities-  
tools/device-installer.html.  
A standard web browser cannot be used to send and receive  
messages (such as flow readings) from the main processor of  
the flow meter. An Ethernet capable software program is  
required to communicate with the meter’s processor.  
Suitable examples of such programs are “Hyperterminal”  
(typically installed as standard on PCs and shown in Figure  
2-8) or custom Ethernet capable software such as LabView®.  
For more information see the Software Manual.  
Figure 2-8 Example Hyperterminal window  
2.8.Alarm Output Connection  
The Hastings 400 Series flow meters include two software settable hardware alarms. Each is an open-  
collector transistor functioning as a semiconductor switch designed to conduct DC current when  
activated. (See Figure 2-9.) These sink sufficient current to illuminate an external LED or to activate a  
remote relay and can tolerate up to 70Vdc across the transistor. The alarm lines and the alarm common  
are galvanically isolated from all other circuit components. The connections for Alarm 1, Alarm 2 and  
Alarm Common are available as pins 10, 11, and 12 respectively on the analog terminal strip (see Quick  
Start Guide on page iii).  
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Since the alarms act as switches they do not produce  
a voltage or current signal. However, they can be  
used to generate a voltage signal on an Alarm Out  
line. This is done by connecting a suitable pull-up  
resistor between an external voltage supply and the  
desired alarm line while connecting Alarm Common  
to the common of the power supply. When activated,  
the alarm line voltage will be pulled toward the alarm  
common line generating a sudden drop in the signal  
line voltage.  
Alarm 1  
Alarm 2  
Alarm Common  
To use the alarm to illuminate an LED connect the  
positive terminal of the LED to a suitable power  
supply and connect the other end to a current  
limiting resistor. This resistor should be sized such  
that the current is less than 20 mA when the entire  
supply voltage is applied. Connect the other end of  
the resistor to Alarm 1 or Alarm 2. Connect Alarm  
Figure 2-9 Alarm circuit diagram  
Common to the circuit common of the power supply. When activated, the alarm line is pulled toward  
the alarm common generating sufficient current through the LED to cause it to illuminate.  
Figure 2-10 shows an example of the LED circuit arrangement applied to Alarm 1 while Alarm 2 is  
configured with a suitable pull-up resistor to provide a voltage output on an Alarm Out line.  
Since the Alarm Common is a  
shared contact, if both alarms  
are being used independently  
they must each be wired such  
that the current passes  
Alarm 1  
through the external signaling  
device before reaching the  
alarm line.  
V +  
The alarm settings and  
activation status are available  
via software commands and  
queries. The software  
Alarm Out  
V -  
Alarm 2  
interprets an activated Alarm  
1 as an “Alarm” condition,  
while an activated Alarm2 is  
interpreted as a “Warning”  
condition. The software  
manual includes the detailed  
descriptions for configuring  
and interpreting the activation  
of these alarms.  
Alarm Common  
Figure 2-10 Alarm circuit diagram for LED operation  
2.9.Auxiliary Input  
Connection  
The Hastings 400 Series flow meters provide an auxiliary analog input function. The flow meter can  
read the analog value present between pins 5 and 6 on the terminal strip (as shown in Figure 2-2) and  
make its value available via the digital interface. The accepted electrical input signal is the same as that  
configured for the analog output signal (4 – 20 mA, 0 -20 mA, 0-5 Vdc, 1-5 Vdc, or 0-10 Vdc). Unlike  
the analog output signal, which is isolated and capable operating at common mode offsets of over  
1000V, the analog input signal cannot be galvanically isolated from ground potential.  
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2.2. Rotary Gas Selector  
Record# Gas  
The Hastings 400 Series flow meters can have up to eight different calibrations  
stored internally. These are referred to as gas records. These records are used  
to select different gases, but they can also be useful in other ways; for instance  
reporting the flow in an alternate range, flow unit or reference temperature.  
The records are referred to by their number label from #0 – #7.  
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Nitrogen  
Air  
Helium  
Hydrogen  
Argon  
Oxygen  
Custom  
Custom  
The first six records will, by default, be setup for most common six gases as  
shown in Figure 2-11. If a gas other than one of these six is specified on the  
customer order it will be placed in record #6. If a second different gas is  
selected, it will be placed in record #7. If multiple different gases or ranges are  
specified they will replace some of the standard six gases.  
Figure 2-11 Gas record table  
The purchased calibration certificate is provided for the gas (or  
gases) specified by the customer when ordering. This gas will be  
indicated with an “X” on the Gas Label (diagram below) that is  
located on the top of the 400 Series Mass flow meter’s electronics  
enclosure. The remaining gas records will have a different full scale  
value and an unverified calibration. The full scale range  
Full Scale  
Range  
100 slm  
100.15 slm  
140 slm  
100.38 slm  
140.37 slm  
97.95 slm  
Not included if  
not specified  
Not included if  
not specified  
can be calculated by using the Gas conversion factor or  
GCF. A comprehensive list is found in Appendix 2 in  
this manual.  
Record#  
Gas  
Nitrogen  
Air  
Helium  
Hydrogen  
Argon  
0
1
2
3
4
5
X= cal report  
generated  
(others use GCF)  
0 N2  
1 Air  
2 He  
3 H2  
4 Ar  
5 O2  
6
X
Oxygen  
7
6
7
Custom  
Custom  
S/N  
Example 1  
To convert the calibration of a full scale range of 100 slm of Nitrogen to the other full scale ranges:  
GCF2  
FS2 = FS1  
GCF  
1
1. Calculate full scale value of Helium  
Calibrated gas = Nitrogen (GCF1 = 1.000)  
Full scale range (FS1) = 100 slm  
Secondary gas (FS2) = Helium (GCF2 = 1.40)  
1.40/1 = 1.40, 1.40 x 100 = 140 slm of Helium  
2. Calculate full scale value of Hydrogen  
Calibrated gas = Nitrogen (GCF1 = 1.000)  
Full scale range (FS1) = 100 slm  
Secondary gas (FS2) = Hydrogen (GCF2 = 1.0038)  
1.0038/1 = 1.0038, 1.0038 x 100 = 100.38 slm of Hydrogen  
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Example 2- Changing the active gas record  
Selecting the active gas record is accomplished in one of two ways:  
1. Hardware setting  
2. Software setting  
Hardware:  
The hardware setting is selected by accessing a rotary encoder on the upper PC board in the electronics  
enclosure. When set to a number position from 0 to 7 it activates the corresponding gas record. If a  
number greater than 7 is selected, then gas record control is passed to software.  
Software:  
See Section 3.9 Multi-Gas Calibrations and the software manual for more information about the  
software control capabilities.  
The software setting will override the hardware settings. If gas records are changed through the  
software setting and the rotary encoder is not changed, the software setting will be active. However,  
when the meter is powered down and subsequently powered up, the active setting will be based on the  
rotary encoder setting.  
2.10.  
Electrical Remote Zero Connection  
The Hastings 400 Series allows the flow meter zeroing operation to be activated remotely using pins 8  
and 9 of the analog terminal strip. (See Drawing in Quick Start Guide.) If these pins are connected  
together, the meter initiates an internal routine that measures the current reading, stores it in  
nonvolatile memory as a zero offset, and removes this value from all subsequent readings. When the pin  
9 is electrically isolated the flow meter operates normally. The typical implementation of this type of  
remote zeroing operation involves connecting a remote switch or relay to pins 8 and 9 of the terminal  
strip. (For more about the zeroing operation, see Section 3.4)  
2.11.  
Check Installation Prior to Operation  
Before applying gas to the meter it is advisable to ensure that the mechanical and electrical connections  
and digital communications (if applicable) are established and operating properly. This can be done by  
following the guideline procedure below:  
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3. Operation  
3. Operation  
The Hastings 400 Series flow meters are designed for operation with clean dry gas and in specified  
environmental conditions (See Section 1.2). The properly installed meter measures and reports the  
mass flow as an analog signal and, depending on the configuration and set up, as a digital response.  
Other features can assist in the measurement operation and provide additional functions. The following  
sections serves as a guide for correctly interpreting the analog and digital flow output, optimizing the  
performance, and using the additional features of the instrument.  
3.1.Environmental and Gas Conditions  
For proper operation, the ambient and gas temperatures must be such that the flow meter remains  
between -20 and 70°C. Optimal performance is achieved when the environment and gas temperatures  
are equilibrated and stable. The 400 I series is intended for use with clean, non-condensing gases only.  
Particles, contamination, condensate, or any other liquids which enter the flow meter body may  
obstruct critical flow paths in the sensor or shunt, thus causing erroneous readings.  
3.2.Interpreting the Analog Output  
The analog output signal is proportional to mass flow rate. Each instrument is configured to provide  
one of the available forms of analog output as described in Section 2.2. The signal read by an indicator  
(for example, a process ammeter, data acquisition system, or PLC board) can be mapped to the  
measured flow rate by applying the proper conversion equation selected from the table below.  
Table 3-1 The Signal → Flow mapping equations  
Analog Output Configuration  
4 -20 mA  
Mapping Equation  
Flow = FS flow * (Iout – 4)/ 16  
Flow = FS flow * Iout / 20  
Flow = FS flow * Vout / 5  
Flow = FS flow * Vout / 10  
Flow = FS flow * (Vout -1)/ 4  
0 -20 mA  
0 – 5 Vdc  
0 – 10 Vdc  
1 – 5 Vdc  
Alternatively an analog display meter can indicate the flow rate directly in the desired flow units by  
setting the offset and scaling factors properly.  
The flow meter is typically able to measure and report flow which slightly exceeds the full scale value.  
Reverse or “negative” flows are indicated (to values up to 25% of full scale) by meters with 4-20 mA or  
1-5 volt output. However, meters with 0-5 Volt, 0-10 volt or 0-20 mA output are limited in their ability  
to indicate a negative flow with the analog signal since negative currents or voltages cannot be generated  
by the meter’s circuitry.  
3.3.Digital Communications  
Many of the Hastings 400 Series flow meter’s operating parameters such as the flow measurement,  
alarm settings, status, or gas type can be read or changed by digital communications. The digital  
communications commands and protocols for each particular interface (RS-232, RS-485, and Ethernet)  
are treated in detail in the Software Manual. However, the function and interpretation of flow output  
and auxiliary input are also briefly presented here.  
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3.3.1. Digitally Reported Flow Output  
The flow rate can be read digitally by sending an ascii “F” command (preceded by the address for RS-  
485). The instrument will respond with an ascii representation of the numerical value of the flow rate in  
the units of flow specified on the nameplate label.  
Example: A meter with RS-232 communications, calibrated for 500 slm FS N2  
Computer transmits: {F}  
HFM flow meter replies: {137.5}  
This is interpreted as 137.5 slm of nitrogen equivalent flow.  
In most situations, the flow meter can measure beyond its range (i.e. a flow that exceeds the full scale or  
a reverse flow) and report the value via the digital output. While the meter can perform beyond its  
stated range, the accuracy of these values has not been verified during the calibration process. Flows  
that exceed 160% of the nominal shunt range (S46 response) should not be relied upon. See the  
software manual for further information.  
3.3.2. Digitally Reported Analog Input  
The flow meter can read the analog value present on pins 5 & 6 of the terminal strip (See Section 2.9).  
This function is typically used to read the analog output from a nearby sensor such as a pressure sensor  
or vacuum gauge. This value is spanned for the same range as the analog output signal; it reads volts for  
flow meter configured for 0-5, 0-10 or 1-5 volt output and milliamps for a flow meter configured for 0-  
20 or 4-20 milliamp output. The value is accessed via the “S26” software query as shown below.  
Example: A meter calibrated for 0-5 volt output and RS-232 communications.  
Computer transmits: {S26}  
HFM flow meter replies: {2.532}  
This is interpreted as 2.532 volts.  
3.4.Zeroing the Instrument  
A proper zeroing of the flow meter is recommended after initial installation and warm-up. It is also  
advisable to check the zero flow indication periodically during operation. Any uncertainty at zero flow is  
an offset value which affects all subsequent flow readings. The frequency of these routine checks  
depends on factors such as: the environmental conditions, the desired level of accuracy, and the desire  
to measure low flow rates (relative to the meter full scale). To achieve the most precise flow readings,  
the zeroing procedure is done while the meter is at the expected operating conditions including  
temperature, line pressure, and gas type. This is especially true for cases where the flow meter is  
operating at high pressure or with very dense gas.  
3.4.1. Preparing for a Zero Check  
Before checking or adjusting the meter’s zero, the following three requirements must be satisfied:  
Warm-up – The instrument must be powered and in the operating environment for at least 30  
minutes. Even though the meter will operate within a few minutes after power is applied, the entire  
warm-up period is needed to establish a suitable zero reading.  
No Flow – There must be an independent method to ensure that all flow through the instrument has  
completely ceased before checking or adjusting the zero. Typically this is achieved by closing valve  
downstream from the flow meter and waiting a sufficient time for any transient flow to decay. This is  
especially critical for low flow units that have long piping lengths before or after the flow meter. In such  
situations, it can require a significant settling time for the flow cease and enable a precise zero.  
Stability – The flow meter must stabilize for at least 3 minutes at zero flow, especially following a high  
flow or overflow condition. This will allow all parts of the sensor to come to thermal equilibrium  
resulting in the best possible zero value.  
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3.4.2. Adjusting Zero  
The pre-conditions required for a zero check must also be followed when making a zero adjustment.  
The zero adjustment is a digitally controlled “reset” type operation. When commanded, the meter  
initiates an internal routine that performs the following sequence: measure the current flow reading,  
store it in nonvolatile memory as a zero offset, and remove this value from all subsequent readings.  
If the instrument is inadvertently or improperly zeroed, for  
example while flow is passing through the instrument, the flow  
reading is subtracted from all future flow readings. This will  
NOTE  
produce large flow indication errors.  
This offset value can be accessed via the “S40” software query. The reported value is relative to an  
internal, un-spanned sensor voltage. As an interpretation guideline, an offset that exceeds 0.15 volts  
typically indicates that a faulty zero value is present.  
There are three different methods to activate the zero reset function--manually, digitally, and  
electrically.  
Manually – With the electronics enclosure cover plate removed, a pushbutton switch on the upper  
board is pressed.  
CAUTION  
Accessing the manual zero pushbutton requires removing the  
enclosure front plate. Care must be taken when reinstalling this  
plate to ensure that the sealing gasket is properly positioned and  
the fasteners are secure to maintain an IP65 compliant seal.  
Digitally – A “ZRO” (“*[address]ZRO” for RS485) command is received properly by the flow meter’s  
main processor.  
Electrically – An external contact closure generates continuity between pins 8 and 9 of the terminal  
strip.  
3.4.2.3.5. Over-range  
The thermal mass flow sensor heats a portion of the gas in order to measure the flow rate. As the flow  
increases the heated tube is cooled and the slope of the sensor output versus the flow rate decreases.  
The sensor linearization function corrects for this effect while the flow rate is within the normal  
operating region. If the flow exceeds the normal operating region the digital flow indication will  
continue to track this increase with a reduced accuracy. The analog flow will also indicate this overflow  
condition until the circuitry reaches its limits (approximately 10 -25% over-range).  
As the flow continues to increase above the normal operating region the sensor will be cooled  
sufficiently that the output of the sensor will reach a peak value around 2 – 4 times the full scale flow  
rate. If the flow continues to increase the sensor output will begin decreasing and the digital flow will  
indicate a decreasing flow rate even though the flow is actually getting increasing. At approximately 3 –  
7 times the full scale flow rate the sensor output will drop within range of the normal output and even  
the analog output will record an on-scale flow rate when there is a very large over range flow rate.  
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Flow meter Output  
250%  
200%  
150%  
100%  
50%  
Analog Output  
Digital Output  
0%  
0%  
100%  
200%  
300%  
400%  
500%  
600%  
Flow (% Full Scale)  
3.4.2.3.6. Reverse Flow  
Pressure Effect  
If the flow through the flow  
meter reverses and flow  
begins to enter the exit of the  
flow meter and leave through  
the entrance of the flow meter  
the flow meter will measure  
this flow and report it digitally  
with reduced accuracy. The  
analog output will also  
8
7
6
5
indicate this by either  
4
generating a negative output  
voltage or decreases the  
current output below 4 mA,  
depending on whether a  
voltage or current output has  
been selected.  
3
2
1
3.7.High Pressure  
Operation  
0
When operating at high  
pressure, the meter’s  
-1  
performance can be affected  
in two distinct and separate  
ways—a zero shift and a span  
(calibration) shift.  
0
200  
400  
600  
800  
1000  
Line Pressure (psig)  
Figure 3-1 The pressure effect on flow calibration (for nitrogen)  
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3.7.1. Zero Shift  
The zero offset can occur as the result of natural convection flow through the sensor tube if the  
instrument is not mounted in a level orientation with flow horizontal. This natural convection effect  
causes a zero shift proportional to the system pressure. The overall effect is more pronounced for gases  
with higher density. Normally the shift is within the allowable zero offset range and can be removed by  
activating the zero reset at the operating pressure.  
3.7.2. Span Shift  
The gas properties which form the basis for the flow measurement, such as viscosity and specific heat,  
exhibit a slight dependence on the gas pressure. Fortunately, this pressure dependence is predictable  
and can be corrected for in cases where it has an impact on accuracy (typically only significant for  
pressures in excess of 100 psig). The graph shown in Figure 3-1 shows the expected span shift as a  
function of pressure for nitrogen. This behavior is similar for most diatomic gases (O2, H2, etc), whereas  
this effect is insignificant for the monatomic gases (He, Ar, etc). This span shift must be considered and  
accounted for as appropriate for accurate flow measurements at high pressure conditions.  
3.8.Warnings/Alarms  
There are two alarm contacts on the terminal strip connector within the electronics enclosure (See  
Section 2.8). These function as isolated semiconductor switches sharing a single, isolated common line.  
In its normal state each switch is “open”; when an alarm is activated the switch is “closed”.  
The meter’s processor can be configured via the digital interface to establish the internal condition for  
activating each alarm. There are many choices for internal alarms and warnings including overflow,  
underflow, or various instrument error conditions. Each alarm can also be given a selectable “wait  
time”—a period for which it must remain in the alarm condition before the physical alarm is activated.  
See the Software Manual for detailed alarm setting and configuration information.  
3.9.Multi-gas Calibrations  
The Hastings 400 Series flow meters can have up to eight different calibrations stored internally. These  
are referred to as gas records. These records are typically used to represent different gases, but they can  
also be useful in other ways; for instance reporting the flow in an alternate range, flow unit or reference  
temperature. The records are referred to by their number label from #0 – #7. The first six records are,  
by default, setup for the same range in the most common six gases as shown in Figure 2-11. If a gas  
other than one of these six is specified on the customer order it will be placed in record #6. If a second  
different gas is selected, it will be placed in record #7. If multiple different gases or ranges are specified  
they will replace some of the standard six gases. Only the gas(es) specified on the order will be verified.  
The other records will use nominal gas factors to approximate the gas sensitivity until an actual  
calibration is performed to correct for individual instrument variations. Selecting the active gas record  
can be done in one of two ways—a hardware setting or a software setting. The hardware setting is done  
by accessing a rotary encoder on the upper PC board in the electronics enclosure. When set to a  
number position from 0 to 7 it activates the corresponding gas record. When set to a number greater  
than 7, the gas record control is passed to software. If the software setting mode is enabled, then the  
“S6” digital command can be used to set the active gas record as shown in the example below.  
Example: To first determine and then change the active gas record using RS-232,  
Computer transmits: {S6}  
HFM flow meter replies: {0}  
This indicates that gas record #0 is currently active.  
Computer transmits: {S6=4}  
This changes the active gas record to #4.  
See the Software Manual for further information including how to setup a new gas record and how to  
reconfigure an existing gas record.  
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CAUTION  
Accessing the rotary encoder requires removing the enclosure  
front plate. Care must be taken when reinstalling this plate to  
ensure that the sealing gasket is properly positioned and the  
fasteners are secure to maintain an IP65 compliant seal.  
The software command to change the active gas record will not  
be executed unless the rotary encoder is set to a number greater  
than 7. However, the software query will return the current active  
gas record number even when it has been set by the hardware.  
NOTE  
3.10.  
Flow Totalization  
The Hastings 400 Series flow meters are capable of providing a value for the “total amount of gas” that  
has passed through the flow meter since the last time the totalization function was reset. This value can  
be used to determine for example, the amount of gas used to fill a chamber or drawn from a supply  
vessel. To initialize the totalization function, reset the totalized flow value to zero using the S36 digital  
command as shown in the example below. All subsequent flow readings are added over time and stored  
as the totalized flow value. The totalized flow value can be read by querying the flow meter digitally as  
in the example below. The totalized flow is reported in the flow units chosen for the active gas without  
the time unit. For example, if the flow units are standard liters per minute, the totalized flow is reported  
in standard liters; if flow units are standard cubic feet per hour, the totalized flow is reported in standard  
cubic feet.  
Example: For a 100 slm FS flow meter, to first reset/start the flow totalization function and then later read the  
value using RS-232,  
Computer transmits: {S36=0}  
This resets the totalized value to zero and starts the totalization function. At some point later in time:  
Computer transmits: {S36}  
HFM flow meter replies: {45.7}  
This is interpreted as a total gas amount of 45.7 standard liters has passed through the meter since the flow  
totalizer was started.  
3.11.  
Additional Digital Capabilities  
The Hastings 400 series flow meters have a wide selection of other functions, operating parameters, and  
values that can be reported and configured via digital communications such as the calibration date, the  
instrument temperature, the number of hours that gas has been flowing, etc. See the Software Manual  
for detailed information on these additional digital features.  
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4. Parts and Accessories  
4. Parts & accessories  
These are parts and accessories that are available by separate order from Teledyne Hastings Instruments.  
4.1. Power Pod – Power & Display units  
THPS-100 Singel Channel Power Supply  
The Teledyne Hastings Instruments microprocessor based PowerPod-100 Thermal  
Mass Flow Power Supply is a self-contained power supply and display for gas thermal  
mass flow meters, pressure transducers or any device with a voltage output. The unit  
features an automatically generated set point (0-5V or 0-10V), making it ideal for use  
with thermal mass flow controllers and pressure controllers. Features include  
4.5display, ±15 volt, 250mA transducer supply and an integrated +/- 15vdc @ 250ma  
power supply is available providing a well regulated, short circuit and thermal overload  
protected output, and CE compliance.  
See the Teledyne Hastings Instruments Product Bulletin for the complete specification  
on this product.  
THPS-400 Four Channel Power Supply  
The Teledyne Hastings Instruments Digital 4-Channel PowerPod is featured in a half-  
rack profile for simple drop-in replacement of the existing Model 200 and 400 units,  
or be used as a bench top unit.  
The PowerPod-400 is equipped with a four line by twenty-character, vacuum  
fluorescent display (VFD). The display emulates a liquid crystal display in its  
command structure but the VFD gives the unit a greater viewing angle than available  
with most conventional LED or LCD displays.  
The PowerPod incorporates many features including an integrated totalizer with a  
count-up or count-down option; user selected filtering of readings; serial or Ethernet  
communications.  
The unit also offers a simultaneous display of all four channels or selective blanking of  
unused channels, ratio control with analog outputs for stacking multiple power  
supplies, and easy to follow menu driven calibration and setup.  
The digital design of the PowerPod allows the user to set both the minimum and  
maximum display values corresponding to specific voltage or current inputs. One  
advantage of this approach is that it negates the need to access hard to reach  
transducers to re-zero them. Should the analog signal from the transducer change due  
to a zero shift, the digital counts seen by the PowerPod can be changed to display zero  
either manually from the front panel or via serial communication with the unit.  
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4.1.Fittings  
Fittings  
Hastings#  
HFM-I-401  
1/2" Swagelok Fittings  
1/2" VCO Fittings  
1/2" VCR Fittings  
3/4" Swagelok Fitting  
10 mm Swagelok  
3/8" Male NPT  
1/2" Male NPT  
12 mm Swagelok  
3/4-16 SAE/MS Straight Female (no fitting)  
41-03-086  
41-03-119  
41-03-090  
41-03-152  
41-03-153  
41-03-154  
41-03-155  
41-03-160  
N/A  
HFM-I-405  
1" Swagelok fitting  
3/4" Swagelok  
1" VCO Fitting  
1" VCR fitting  
1" Male NPT  
3/4" Male NPT  
1 5/16-12 Female SAE/MS straight thread (no fitting)  
41-03-142  
41-03-149  
41-03-147  
41-03-148  
41-03-150  
41-03-151  
N/A  
4.2.Cables  
Hastings  
Stock#  
Description  
Remote Electronics Cables  
2 meter cable remote mounting cable  
5 meter remote mounting cable  
CB-8P-M12-2MRA  
CB-8P-M12-5MRA  
CB-8P-M12-10MRA  
14-03-002  
10 meter remote mounting cable  
401 Local Bracket - mount direct to sensor  
405 Local Bracket - mount direct to sensor  
14-03-001  
Digital Communications  
9 pin RS232 to 400 series M12 connector  
Digital M12 connector to M12 connector  
USB to 9 pin RS232 connector  
CB-RS232-M12  
CB-ETHERNET-M12  
CB-USB-RS232  
CB-RJ45-M12  
RJ45 Ethernet to M12 Ethernet connector  
Analog I/O  
CB-D15-Lead-8  
CB-D15-Lead-25  
CB-D15-Lead-100  
8 foot D connector to 8 bare leads  
25 foot D connector to 8 bare leads  
100 foot D connector to 8 bare leads  
401-405 SERIES  
- 22 -  
5. WARRANTY  
5. Warranty  
5.1.Warranty Repair Policy  
Hastings Instruments warrants this product for a period of one year from the date of shipment to be free  
from defects in material and workmanship. This warranty does not apply to defects or failures resulting  
from unauthorized modification, misuse or mishandling of the product. This warranty does not apply to  
batteries or other expendable parts, nor to damage caused by leaking batteries or any similar occurrence.  
This warranty does not apply to any instrument which has had a tamper seal removed or broken.  
This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, expressed or implied, including any implied warranty as  
to fitness for a particular use. Hastings Instruments shall not be liable for any indirect or consequential  
damages.  
Hastings Instruments, will, at its option, repair, replace or refund the selling price of the product if  
Hastings Instruments determines, in good faith, that it is defective in materials or workmanship during  
the warranty period. Defective instruments should be returned to Hastings Instruments, shipment  
prepaid, together with a written statement of the problem and a Return Material Authorization (RMA)  
number.  
Please consult the factory for your RMA number before returning any product for repair. Collect freight  
will not be accepted.  
5.2.Non-Warranty Repair Policy  
Any product returned for a non-warranty repair must be accompanied by a purchase order, RMA form  
and a written description of the problem with the instrument. If the repair cost is higher, you will be  
contacted for authorization before we proceed with any repairs. If you then choose not to have the  
product repaired, a minimum will be charged to cover the processing and inspection. Please consult the  
factory for your RMA number before returning any product repair.  
TELEDYNE HASTINGS INSTRUMENTS  
804 NEWCOMBE AVENUE  
HAMPTON, VIRGINIA 23669 U.S.A.  
ATTENTION: REPAIR DEPARTMENT  
TELEPHONE  
(757) 723-6531  
1-800-950-2468  
FAX  
E MAIL  
INTERNET ADDRESS  
(757) 723-3925  
[email protected]  
http://www.hastings-inst.com  
Repair Forms may be obtained from the “Information Request” section of the  
Hastings Instruments web site.  
401-405 SERIES  
- 23 -  
6. Appendices  
6. Appendices  
6.1.Appendix 1- Volumetric versus Mass Flow  
Mass flow measures just what it says, the mass or weight of the gas flowing through the instrument.  
Mass flow (or weight per unit time) units are given in pounds per hour (lb/hour), kilograms per sec  
(kg/sec) etc. When your specifications state units of flow to be in mass units, there is no reason to  
reference a temperature or pressure. Mass does not change based on temperature or pressure.  
However, if you need to see your results of gas flow in volumetric units, like liters per minute, cubic feet  
per hour, etc. you must consider the fact that volume DOES change with temperature and pressure.  
A mass flow meter measures MASS (grams) and then converts mass to volume. To do this the density  
(grams/liter) of the gas must be known and this value changes with temperature and pressure.  
When you heat a gas, the molecules have more energy and they move around faster, so when they  
bounce off each other, they become more spread out, therefore the volume is different for the same  
number of molecules.  
Think about this:  
The density of Air at 0° C is 1.29 g/liter  
The density of Air at 25C is 1.19 g/liter  
The difference is 0.1 g/liter. If you are measuring flows of 100 liters per minute, and you don’t use the  
correct density factor then you will have an error of 10 g/minute!  
Volume also changes with pressure. Think about a helium balloon with a volume of 1 liter. If you  
could scuba dive with this balloon and the pressure on it increases. What do you think happens to the  
weight of the helium? It stays the same. What would happen to the volume (1 liter)? It would shrink.  
Why is the word standard included with the volume terms liters and cubic feet in mass flow  
applications?  
A mass flow meter measures mass …and we know we can convert to volume.  
To use density we must pick one (or standard) temperature and pressure to use in our calculation.  
When this calculation is done, the units are called standard liters per minute (SLM) or standard cubic  
feet per minute (SCFM), etc because it is referenced to a standard temperature and pressure when the  
volume is calculated.  
Using the example to the left, we can see a  
standard liter can be defined differently. The  
first balloon contains 0.179 grams of Helium at  
0 ° C and 760 Torr (density of 0.179  
grams/liter). Heat up that balloon to room  
temperature and the volume increases, but the  
mass has not changed – but the volume is not 1  
liter anymore, it is 1.08 liters.  
So to define a standard liter of Helium at 25 C,  
we must extract only one liter from the second  
balloon and that liter weighs only 0.175 grams.  
If a mass flow meter is set up for STP at 0 C and  
1.08 Liter  
1 Liter  
760 Torr, when it measures 0.179 grams of He,  
it will give you results of 1 SLM.  
If a second meter is set up for STP at 25 C and  
760 Torr, when it measures 0.164 grams, it will  
give results of 1 SLM.  
1 Liter  
0° C  
0..179 grams/1  
liter  
25 C  
0.179 g/1.08  
liters  
25° C  
0.164 grams  
401-405 SERIES  
6.2.Appendix 2 - Gas Conversion Factors  
The gas correction factors (GCF’s) presented in this manual were obtained by one of four methods.  
The following table summarizes the different methods for determining GCF’s and will help identify for  
which gases the highest degree of accuracy may be achieved when applying a correction factor.  
1. Empirically determined  
2. Calculated from virial coefficients of other investigator’s empirical data  
3. From NIST tables  
4. Calculated from specific heat data at 0° C at 1 atmosphere  
The most accurate method is by direct measurement. Gases that are easily handled with safety such as  
inert gases, gases common in the atmosphere or gases that are otherwise innocuous can be run through  
a standard flow meter and the GCF determined empirically.  
Many gases that have been investigated sufficiently by other researchers, can have their molar specific  
heat (C’ p) calculated. The gas correction factor is then calculated using the following ratio:  
GCF = C ’apN2  
C’apGasX  
GCF’s calculated in this manner have been found to agree with the empirically determined GCF’s  
within a few tenths of a percent.  
The National Institute of Standards[LH1] and Technology (NIST) maintains tables of thermodynamic  
properties of certain fluids. Using these tables, one may look up the necessary thermophysical property  
and calculate the GCF with the same degree of accuracy as going directly to the referenced investigator.  
Lastly, for rare, expensive gases or gases requiring special handling due to safety concerns, one may look  
up specific heat properties in a variety of texts on the subject. Usually, data found in this manner applies  
only in the ideal gas case. This method yields GCF’s for ideal gases but as the complexity of the gas  
increases, its behavior departs from that of an ideal gas. Hence the inaccuracy of the GCF increases.  
Hastings Instruments will continue to search for better estimations of the GCF’s of the difficult gases  
and will regularly update the list. Most Hastings flow meters and controllers are calibrated using  
nitrogen. The correction factors published by Hastings are meant to be applied to these instruments. To  
apply the GCF’s, simply multiply the gas flow reading times the GCF for the process gas in use.  
Example:  
Calculate the actual flow of argon passing through a nitrogen-calibrated meter that reads 20 sccm,  
multiply the reading times the GCF for argon.  
20.000 x 1.3978 = 27.956  
Conversely, to determine what reading to set a nitrogen-calibrated meter in order to get a desired flow  
rate of a process gas other than nitrogen, you divide the desired rate by the GCF. For example, to get a  
desired flow of 20 sccm of argon flowing through the meter, divide 20 sccm by 1.3978  
20.000 / 1.3978 = 14.308  
That is, you ` (adjust the gas flow) to read 14.308 sccm.  
401-405 SERIES  
- 25 -  
Some meters, specifically the high flow meters, are calibrated in air. The flow readings must then be  
corrected twice. Convert once from air to nitrogen, then from nitrogen to the gas that will be measured  
with the meter. In this case, multiply the reading times the ratio of the process gas’ GCF to the GCF of  
the calibration gas.  
Example:  
A meter calibrated in air is being used to flow propane. The reading from the meter is multiplied by the  
GCF for propane and then divided by the GCF of air.  
20 x (0.3499/1.0015) = 6.9875  
To calculate a target setting (20 sccm) to achieve a desired flow rate of propane using a meter calibrated  
to air, invert the ratio above and multiply.  
20 x (1.0015/0.3499) = 57.2449  
Gas Conversion Table for Nitrogen  
Rec  
#
Density  
(g/L)  
Gas  
Symbol  
GCF  
Derived  
Z
25° C / 1  
atm  
1
2
Acetic Acid  
C2H4F2  
C4H6O3  
C3H6O  
C2H3N  
C2H2  
Air  
0.4155  
0.2580  
0.3556  
0.5178  
0.6255  
1.0015  
0.4514  
0.7807  
1.4047  
0.7592  
0.3057  
0.4421  
0.5431  
0.8007  
0.3684  
0.4644  
0.3943  
0.2622  
0.2406  
0.3056  
0.7526  
0.6160  
1.0012  
0.3333  
4
4
4
4
4
1
4
2
1
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
2
4
4
1
4
4
4
2.700  
4.173  
2.374  
1.678  
1.064  
1.185  
1.638  
0.696  
1.633  
3.186  
3.193  
4.789  
2.772  
6.532  
6.759  
5.351  
6.087  
2.376  
3.030  
2.293  
1.799  
3.112  
1.145  
6.287  
2.0301  
2.3384  
1.7504  
1.4462  
0.9792  
1.0930  
1.3876  
0.6409  
2.1243  
4.0839  
2.0636  
3.6531  
2.4109  
1.0000  
4.2789  
4.3990  
4.1546  
1.6896  
1.9233  
1.6700  
1.7511  
3.0744  
1.0433  
3.6196  
Acetic Acid, Anhydride  
Acetone  
3
4
Acetonitryl  
5
Acetylene  
6
Air  
7
Allene  
C3H4  
NH3  
8
Ammonia  
9
Argon  
Ar  
10  
11  
12  
13  
14  
15  
16  
17  
18  
19  
20  
21  
22  
23  
24  
Arsine  
AsH3  
C6H6  
BCl3  
Benzene  
Boron Trichloride  
Boron Triflouride  
Bromine  
BF3  
Br2  
Bromochlorodifluoromethane  
Bromodifluoromethane  
Bromotrifluormethane  
Butane  
CBrClF2  
CHBrF2  
CBrF3  
C4H10  
C4H10O  
C4H8  
CO2  
Butanol  
Butene  
Carbon Dioxide  
Carbon Disulfide  
Carbon Monoxide  
Carbon Tetrachloride  
CS2  
CO  
CCl4  
25  
Carbonyl Sulfide  
COS  
0.6680  
4
2.456  
2.4230  
26  
27  
28  
29  
30  
31  
32  
33  
34  
35  
36  
Chlorine  
Cl2  
0.8451  
0.4496  
0.2614  
0.3216  
0.4192  
0.2437  
0.3080  
0.3004  
0.4924  
0.6486  
0.3562  
4
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
4
2.898  
3.779  
4.601  
4.108  
4.879  
6.314  
3.210  
2.293  
2.127  
2.513  
2.293  
3.9995  
2.8970  
2.4954  
2.5119  
3.5284  
2.9778  
2.0756  
1.6672  
1.7626  
2.4405  
1.7091  
Chlorine Trifluoride  
Chlorobenzene  
Chlorodifluoroethane  
Chloroform  
ClF3  
C6H5Cl  
C2H3ClF2  
CHCl3  
C2ClF5  
C3H7Cl  
C4H8  
Chloropentafluoroethane  
Chloropropane  
Cisbutene  
Cyanogen  
C2N2  
Cyanogen Chloride  
Cyclobutane  
ClCN  
C4H8  
401-405 SERIES  
- 26 -  
37  
38  
39  
40  
Cyclopropane  
Deuterium  
C3H6  
0.4562  
1.0003  
0.5063  
0.3590  
4
4
5
4
1.720  
0.165  
1.131  
8.576  
1.4440  
0.3102  
1.0486  
5.2998  
H2  
2
Diborane  
B2H6  
Dibromodifluoromethane  
CBr2F2  
41  
Dichlorofluoromethane  
CHCl2F  
0.4481  
4
4.207  
3.2249  
42  
43  
44  
45  
46  
47  
48  
49  
Dichloromethane  
Dichloropropane  
Dichlorosilane  
Diethyl Amine  
Diethyl Ether  
CH2Cl2  
C3H6Cl2  
H2SiCl2  
C4H11N  
C4H10O  
C4H10S  
C2H2F2  
C2H7N  
0.5322  
0.2698  
0.4716  
0.2256  
0.2235  
0.2255  
0.4492  
0.3705  
4
4
5
4
4
4
4
4
3.472  
4.618  
4.129  
2.989  
3.030  
3.686  
2.617  
1.843  
3.0592  
2.5291  
3.3176  
1.9080  
1.9215  
2.1300  
2.0457  
1.4793  
Diethyl Sulfide  
Difluoroethylene  
Dimethylamine  
50  
51  
Dimethyl Ether  
C2H6O  
C2H6S  
0.4088  
0.3623  
4
4
1.883  
2.540  
1.5211  
1.8455  
Dimethyl Sulfide  
52  
53  
Divinyl  
C4H6  
C2H6  
0.3248  
0.4998  
4
2
2.211  
1.229  
1.6433  
1.1175  
Ethane  
Ethane, 1-chloro-1,1,2,2-  
tetrafluoro-  
54  
C2HClF4  
0.2684  
4
5.578  
2.8629  
Ethane, 1-chloro-1,2,2,2-  
tetrafluoro-  
55  
56  
C2HClF4  
C2H6O  
0.2719  
0.4046  
4
4
5.578  
1.883  
2.8806  
1.5187  
Ethanol  
57  
58  
59  
60  
61  
62  
63  
64  
65  
66  
67  
68  
69  
70  
71  
72  
73  
74  
75  
76  
77  
78  
79  
80  
81  
82  
83  
84  
85  
86  
87  
88  
89  
90  
91  
92  
93  
94  
95  
Ethylacetylene  
Ethyl Amine  
C4H6  
0.3256  
0.3694  
0.2001  
0.4124  
0.4212  
0.4430  
0.6062  
0.3173  
0.3475  
0.5308  
0.4790  
0.3506  
0.3654  
0.9115  
0.7912  
0.3535  
0.3712  
0.3792  
0.4422  
0.4857  
0.5282  
0.2327  
0.3889  
1.4005  
0.1987  
4
4
4
4
4
4
1
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1
4
4
4
4
4
5
4
2.211  
1.843  
4.339  
4.454  
2.637  
1.964  
1.147  
7.679  
4.045  
1.801  
1.719  
4.045  
2.540  
1.553  
1.227  
5.615  
4.942  
4.270  
3.597  
3.534  
2.862  
6.986  
2.783  
0.164  
6.950  
6.597  
6.637  
3.522  
7.605  
3.440  
1.310  
0.082  
3.307  
1.490  
1.105  
0.818  
5.228  
3.309  
1.393  
1.6438  
1.4789  
2.3099  
3.1724  
2.0018  
1.5967  
1.0475  
4.1196  
2.5846  
1.5495  
1.4552  
2.5976  
1.8499  
1.5574  
1.1232  
3.4473  
3.2026  
2.8572  
2.7242  
2.8794  
2.4487  
3.1174  
2.0253  
0.2304  
2.9681  
3.2710  
3.2794  
2.1062  
3.0771  
2.0677  
1.1757  
0.3895  
7.6975  
1.5183  
1.0003  
0.6845  
1.0000  
5.1920  
1.3174  
C2H7N  
C8H10  
C2H5Br  
C2H5Cl  
C2H5F  
C2H4  
Ethylbenzene  
Ethyl Bromide  
Ethyl Chloride  
Ethyl Fluoride  
Ethylene  
Ethylene Dibromide  
Ethylene Dichloride  
Ethylene Oxide  
Ethyleneimine  
Ethylidene Dichloride  
Ethyl Mercaptan  
Fluorine  
C2H4Br2  
C2H4Cl2  
C2H4O  
C2H4N  
C2H4Cl2  
C2H6S  
F2  
Formaldehyde  
Freon 11  
CH2O  
CCl3F  
CCl2F2  
CClF3  
CF4  
Freon 12  
Freon 13  
Freon 14  
Freon 22  
CHClF2  
CHF3  
Freon 23  
Freon 114  
C2Cl2F4  
C4H4O  
He  
Furan  
Helium  
Heptafluoropropane  
Hexamethyldisilazane  
Hexamethyldisiloxane  
Hexane  
C3HF7  
C6H19NSi2 0.1224  
C6H18OSi2 0.1224  
C6H14  
C6F6  
C6H12  
N2H4  
H2  
0.1828  
0.1733  
0.1918  
0.5506  
1.0038  
1.0028  
1.0034  
0.7772  
1.0039  
0.9996  
0.8412  
0.8420  
Hexafluorobenzene  
Hexene  
Hydrazine  
Hydrogen  
Hydrogen Bromide  
Hydrogen Chloride  
Hydrogen Cyanide  
Hydrogen Fluoride  
Hydrogen Iodide  
Hydrogen Selenide  
Hydrogen Sulfide  
HBr  
HCl  
CHN  
HF  
HI  
H2Se  
H2S  
401-405 SERIES  
- 27 -  
96  
Isobutane  
C4H10  
C4H10O  
C4H8  
0.2725  
0.2391  
0.2984  
0.2175  
0.2931  
0.4333  
0.5732  
1.4042  
0.7787  
0.6167  
0.3083  
0.4430  
0.5360  
0.6358  
0.6639  
0.1853  
0.2692  
0.2844  
0.2743  
0.7247  
0.3975  
0.6514  
0.5409  
0.2037  
0.3435  
1.4043  
0.9795  
1.0000  
0.7604  
0.3395  
0.5406  
0.4653  
0.6357  
0.7121  
0.2121  
0.1386  
0.9779  
0.6454  
0.7022  
0.1499  
0.2175  
0.4155  
0.1711  
2
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1
4
4
5
4
4
1
4
4
1
4
4
5
4
4
4
2.376  
3.030  
2.293  
2.949  
2.456  
2.823  
1.718  
3.425  
0.656  
1.310  
3.028  
1.638  
1.269  
3.881  
2.064  
4.013  
2.416  
2.456  
3.113  
1.391  
2.455  
5.802  
1.966  
3.440  
2.374  
0.825  
1.226  
1.145  
1.880  
3.761  
2.902  
2.495  
2.676  
1.799  
2.949  
4.669  
1.308  
2.207  
1.962  
2.580  
2.949  
4.188  
8.176  
1.6912  
1.9228  
1.6663  
1.8975  
1.7335  
2.1501  
1.5127  
1.0000  
0.6105  
1.1818  
1.9967  
1.3847  
1.1449  
4.3841  
1.9480  
2.2334  
1.7065  
1.7285  
1.9816  
1.2790  
1.8491  
10.2105  
1.6930  
2.0555  
1.7377  
0.6173  
1.1430  
1.0434  
1.8624  
2.4128  
2.5277  
1.9912  
2.6013  
1.7098  
1.9008  
2.6119  
1.2483  
2.0766  
1.8868  
1.9855  
1.8975  
3.0075  
3.1946  
97  
Isobutanol  
98  
Isobutene  
99  
Isopentane  
C5H12  
C3H8O  
C3H3NO  
C2H2O  
Kr  
100  
101  
102  
103  
104  
105  
106  
107  
108  
109  
110  
111  
112  
113  
114  
115  
116  
117  
118  
119  
120  
121  
122  
123  
124  
125  
126  
127  
128  
129  
130  
131  
132  
133  
134  
135  
136  
137  
138  
Isopropyl Alcohol  
Isoxazole  
Ketene  
Krypton  
Methane  
CH4  
Methanol  
CH4O  
C3H6O2  
C3H4  
CH5N  
CH3Br  
CH3Cl  
C7H14  
C3H9N  
C3H8O  
C3H8S  
CH3F  
C2H4O2  
CH3I  
Methyl Acetate  
Methyl Acetylene  
Methylamine  
Methyl Bromide  
Methyl Chloride  
Methylcyclohexane  
Methyl Ethyl Amine  
Methyl Ethyl Ether  
Methyl Ethyl Sulfide  
Methyl Fluoride  
Methyl Formate  
Methyl Iodide  
Methyl Mercaptan  
Methylpentene  
Methyl Vinyl Ether  
Neon  
CH4S  
C6H12  
C3H6O  
Ne  
Nitric Oxide  
NO  
Nitrogen  
N2  
Nitrogen Dioxide  
Nitrogen Tetroxide  
Nitrogen Trifluoride  
Nitromethane  
Nitrosyl Chloride  
Nitrous Oxide  
n-Pentane  
NO2  
N2O4  
NF3  
CH3NO2  
NOCl  
N2O  
C5H12  
C8H18  
O2  
Octane  
Oxygen  
Oxygen Difluoride  
Ozone  
F2O  
O3  
Pentaborane  
Pentane  
B5H9  
C5H12  
ClFO3  
C4F8  
Perchloryl Fluoride  
Perfluorocyclobutane  
139  
140  
141  
142  
143  
144  
145  
146  
147  
148  
149  
150  
151  
152  
153  
154  
155  
156  
Perfluoroethane  
Perfluoropropane  
Phenol  
C2F6  
0.2530  
0.1818  
0.2489  
0.4812  
0.7859  
0.4973  
0.3499  
0.3061  
0.2860  
0.4048  
0.3222  
0.6197  
0.2583  
0.2699  
0.2826  
0.2996  
0.3110  
0.3451  
4
4
4
4
5
5
1
4
4
2
4
2
2
4
2
4
2
4
5.641  
7.685  
3.847  
4.043  
1.390  
3.596  
1.802  
2.456  
2.416  
1.720  
3.233  
2.126  
6.251  
6.251  
4.906  
4.170  
4.170  
3.435  
2.8112  
3.0998  
2.2089  
3.3063  
1.2956  
2.9936  
1.4516  
1.7427  
1.7126  
1.4223  
2.1151  
1.9458  
3.0368  
3.1065  
2.6844  
2.4595  
2.5001  
2.2693  
C3F8  
C6H6O  
COCl2  
PH3  
Phosgene  
Phosphine  
Phosphorus Trifluoride  
Propane  
PF3  
C3H8  
Propyl Alcohol  
Propyl Amine  
Propylene  
Pyradine  
C3H8O  
C3H9N  
C3H6  
C5H5N  
CH2F2  
C2HCl2F3  
C2HCl2F3  
C2HF5  
C2H2F4  
C2H2F4  
C2H3F3  
R32  
R123  
R123A  
R125  
R134  
R134A  
R143  
401-405 SERIES  
- 28 -  
157  
158  
159  
160  
161  
162  
163  
164  
165  
166  
167  
168  
169  
170  
171  
172  
173  
174  
175  
176  
177  
R143A  
C2H3F3  
C2H4F2  
C3F8  
0.3394  
0.3877  
0.1818  
0.3047  
1.4043  
0.2327  
0.6809  
0.3896  
0.6878  
0.2701  
0.3752  
0.4368  
0.5397  
0.2926  
0.3395  
0.3271  
0.2298  
0.3538  
0.2448  
0.2053  
0.3133  
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
4
1
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3.435  
2.700  
7.685  
4.780  
9.074  
3.030  
1.313  
4.254  
2.619  
5.970  
4.417  
3.640  
3.273  
6.778  
4.088  
2.947  
3.030  
2.783  
3.766  
2.293  
5.453  
2.2533  
1.9753  
3.0998  
2.7342  
1.0000  
1.9213  
1.1934  
2.9041  
2.7013  
3.0092  
2.9215  
2.7312  
2.8922  
3.4711  
2.5732  
1.9924  
1.9210  
1.9586  
2.1756  
1.6978  
3.0712  
R152A  
R218  
R1416  
C2H3Cl2F  
Rn  
Radon  
Sec-butanol  
Silane  
C4H10O  
SiH4  
Silicone Tetrafluoride  
Sulfur Dioxide  
Sulfur Hexafluoride  
Sulfur Tetrafluoride  
Sulfur Trifluoride  
Sulfur Trioxide  
Tetrachloroethylene  
Tetrafluoroethylene  
Tetrahydrofuran  
Tert-butanol  
Thiophene  
SiF4  
SO2  
SF6  
SF4  
SF3  
SO3  
C2Cl4  
C2F4  
C4H8O  
C4H10O  
C4H4S  
C7H8  
Toluene  
Transbutene  
Trichloroethane  
C4H8  
C2H3Cl3  
178  
179  
180  
181  
182  
183  
184  
185  
186  
187  
188  
189  
190  
191  
Trichloroethylene  
Trichlorotrifluoroethane  
Triethylamine  
Trimethyl Amine  
Tungsten Hexafluoride  
Uranium Hexafluoride  
Vinyl Bromide  
Vinyl Chloride  
Vinyl Flouride  
Water Vapor  
C2HCl4  
C2Cl3F3  
C6H15N  
C3H9N  
WF6  
0.3423  
0.2253  
0.1619  
0.2822  
0.2453  
0.1859  
0.4768  
0.4956  
0.5716  
0.7992  
1.4042  
0.2036  
0.1953  
0.2028  
4
4
4
4
5
4
4
4
5
5
4
4
4
4
6.820  
7.659  
4.136  
2.416  
12.174  
14.389  
4.372  
2.555  
1.882  
0.742  
5.366  
4.339  
4.339  
4.339  
3.9903  
3.2607  
2.3280  
1.7109  
4.7379  
4.4681  
3.5770  
2.0988  
1.6528  
0.6715  
1.0000  
2.3103  
2.3108  
2.3102  
UF6  
C2H3Br  
C2H3Cl  
C2H3F  
H2O  
Xenon  
Xe  
Xylene, m-  
C8H10  
C8H10  
C8H10  
Xylene, o-  
Xylene, p-  
401-405 SERIES  
- 29 -  
HFM-I-405  
Flow meter  
401-405 SERIES  
- 30 -  
HFM-I-401  
Flow Meter  
401-405 SERIES  
- 31 -  

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