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X-Micro
WLAN 11b Access Point
User’s Manual
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USER’S MANUAL OF X-Micro WLAN 11b ACCESS POINT
Version: 2.0
Table of Contents
PACKAGE CONTENTS ........................................................................................................... 1
PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS .................................................................................................. 1
PRODUCT FEATURES ........................................................................................................... 2
TOP PANEL DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................... 2
REAR PANEL DESCRIPTION.................................................................................................. 3
HARDWARE INSTALLATION ................................................................................................. 4
SOFTWARE INSTALLATION................................................................................................... 4
SOFTWARE CONFIGURATION ......................................................................................... 5
CONNECT TO X-MICRO WLAN 11B ACCESS POINT............................................................ 7
STATUS............................................................................................................................ 7
WIRELESS BASIC SETTINGS ............................................................................................ 8
WIRELESS ADVANCED SETTINGS .................................................................................... 9
WIRELESS SECURITY SETUP.......................................................................................... 11
WIRELESS ACCESS CONTROL........................................................................................ 12
LAN INTERFACE SETUP ................................................................................................ 14
STATISTICS .................................................................................................................... 15
UPGRADE FIRMWARE .................................................................................................... 16
SAVE /RELOAD SETTINGS.............................................................................................. 17
PASSWORD SETUP ......................................................................................................... 17
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQ).................................................................... 19
WHAT IS WIRELESS LAN? ................................................................................................ 19
WHAT ARE ISM BANDS? ................................................................................................... 19
HOW DOES WIRELESS NETWORKING WORK?...................................................................... 19
WHAT IS BSSID? .............................................................................................................. 20
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USER’S MANUAL OF X-Micro WLAN 11b ACCESS POINT
Version: 2.0
WHAT IS ESSID? .............................................................................................................. 20
WHAT IS WEP?................................................................................................................. 21
4.10 WHAT IS FRAGMENT THRESHOLD?.................................................................................... 21
4.11 WHAT IS RTS (REQUEST TO SEND) THRESHOLD? ............................................................. 22
4.12 WHAT IS BEACON INTERVAL?............................................................................................ 22
4.13 WHAT IS PREAMBLE TYPE?............................................................................................... 23
4.14 WHAT IS SSID BROADCAST? ............................................................................................ 23
EXAMPLE ONE – DHCP ON THE LAN............................................................................... 24
EXAMPLE TWO – FIXED IP ON THE LAN........................................................................... 26
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USER’S MANUAL OF X-Micro WLAN 11b ACCESS POINT
Version: 2.0
1 Introduction
X-Micro WLAN 11b Access Point is a portal that can act as the connection point between the
Ethernet CSMA/CD protocol and the wireless CSMA/CA protocol. The Access Point can be
easily integrated into your existing wireless network. In large installations, the roaming
functionality provided by multiple Access Points allows wireless users to move freely
throughout the facility while maintaining seamless, uninterrupted access to the network.
This document describes the steps required for the initial IP address assign and other AP
configuration. The description includes the implementation of the above steps.
Notice: It will take about 25 seconds to complete the boot up sequence after powered on
X-Micro WLAN 11b Access Point; all LEDs are blank while booting except the
Power LED, and after that the WLAN Activity LED will be flashing to show the
WLAN interface is enabled and working now.
1.1 Package contents
The package of X-Micro WLAN 11b Access Point includes the following items,
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X-Micro WLAN 11b Access Point
The AC to DC power adapter
The Documentation CD
1.2 Product Specifications
Product Name
X-Micro WLAN 11b Access Point
802.11b(Wireless), 802.3(10BaseT), 802.3u(100BaseT)
11Mbps(Wireless), 100Mbps(Ethernet)
DBPSK/ DQPSK/ CCK
Standard
Data Transfer Rate
Modulation Method
Frequency Band
RF Output Power
Receiver Sensitivity
Operation Range
Antenna
2.4GHz – 2.497GJz ISM Band, DSSS
< 17 dBm
11Mbps better than 8% PER @ -78 dBm
30 to 300 meters (depend on surrounding)
External Antenna
LED
Power, Active (WLAN), Act/Link (Ethernet)
64 bit/ 128 bit WEP, MAC address filtering
One 10/100BaseT with RJ45 connector
7.5V DC Power Adapter
Security
LAN interface
Power Consumption
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USER’S MANUAL OF X-Micro WLAN 11b ACCESS POINT
Version: 2.0
Dimension
120 * 75 * 34 mm
Operating Temperature 0 – 50oC ambient temperature
Storage Temperature
Humidity
-20 - 70oC ambient temperature
5 to 90 % maximum (non-condensing)
1.3 Product Features
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Complies with IEEE 802.11b standard for 2.4GHz Wireless LAN.
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Supports 11Mbps data transfer rate with automatic fallback to 5.5M, 2M and
1Mbps.
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Supports bridging function between wireless and wired Ethernet interfaces.
Supports 64-bit and 128-bit WEP encryption/decryption function to protect the
wireless data transmission.
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Supports IEEE 802.3x full duplex flow control on 10/100M Ethernet interface.
Supports DHCP client for Ethernet LAN interface auto IP address assignment.
Supports clone MAC address function.
Supports WEB based management and configuration.
1.4 Top Panel Description
Power LED
WLAN LED
LAN LED
Figure 1 –X-Micro WLAN 11b Access Point Top Panel
LED Indicator
State
Description
On
X-Micro WLAN 11b AP is powered on.
1. Power LED
Off
Flashing
Off
X-Micro WLAN 11b AP is powered off.
2. WLAN Activity LED
3. LAN LINK/ACT LED
Data is transmitting or receiving on the antenna.
No data is transmitting or receiving on the antenna.
Data is transmitting or receiving on the LAN interface.
No connection is established on LAN interface.
Flashing
Off
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Version: 2.0
1.5 Rear Panel Description
Antenna
Power
Reset
LAN
Figure 2 – X-Micro WLAN 11b Access Point Rear Panel
Interfaces
Description
1. Reset
Push continually the reset button 5 seconds to reset the configuration
parameters to factory defaults.
2. Power
3. LAN
The power jack allows an external DC +7.5 V power supply connection.
The external AC to DC adaptor provide adaptive power requirement to the
WLAN AP.
The RJ-45 socket allows LAN connection through a Category 5 cable.
Support auto-sensing on 10/100M speed and half/ full duplex; comply with
IEEE 802.3/ 802.3u respectively.
4. Antenna
The Wireless LAN Antenna.
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USER’S MANUAL OF X-Micro WLAN 11b ACCESS POINT
Version: 2.0
2 Installation
2.1 Hardware Installation
Step One: Place X-Micro WLAN 11b Access Point to the best optimum transmission
location.
The best transmission location for your X-Micro WLAN 11b Access Point is
usually at the geographic center of your wireless network, with line of sign to all of
your mobile stations.
Step Two: Connect X-Micro WLAN 11b Access Point to your wired network.
Connect X-Micro WLAN 11b Access Point by category 5 Ethernet cable to your
switch/ hub/ router/ xDSL modem or cable modem. A straight-through Ethernet
cable with appropriate cable length is needed.
Step Three: Supply DC power to X-Micro WLAN 11b Access Point.
Use only the AC/DC power adapter supplied with X-Micro WLAN 11b Access
Point; it may occur damage by using a different type of power adapter.
The hardware installation finished.
2.2 Software Installation
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There are no software drivers, patches or utilities installation needed, but only the
configuration setting. Please refer to chapter 3 for software configuration.
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USER’S MANUAL OF X-Micro WLAN 11b ACCESS POINT
Version: 2.0
3 Software configuration
There are web based management and configuration functions allowing you to have the jobs
done easily.
X-Micro WLAN 11b Access Point is delivered with the following factory default parameters.
Default IP Address: 192.168.1.254
Default IP subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
WEB login User Name: <empty>
WEB login Password: <empty>
3.1 Prepare your PC to configure X-Micro WLAN 11b Access Point
For OS of Microsoft Windows 95/ 98/ Me:
1. Click the Start button and select Settings, then click Control Panel. The Control
Panel window will appear.
Note: Windows Me users may not see the Network control panel. If so, select View
all Control Panel options on the left side of the window
2. Move mouse and double-click the right button on Network icon. The Network
window will appear.
3. Check the installed list of Network Components. If TCP/IP is not installed, click the
Add button to install it; otherwise go to step 6.
4. Select Protocol in the Network Component Type dialog box and click Add button.
5. Select TCP/IP in Microsoft of Select Network Protocol dialog box then click OK
button to install the TCP/IP protocol, it may need the Microsoft Windows CD to
complete the installation. Close and go back to Network dialog box after the TCP/IP
installation.
6. Select TCP/IP and click the properties button on the Network dialog box.
7. Select Specify an IP address and type in values as following example.
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IP Address: 192.168.1.1, any IP address within 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.253 is
good to connect the Wireless LAN Access Point.
IP Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
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8. Click OK and reboot your PC after completes the IP parameters setting.
For OS of Microsoft Windows 2000, XP:
1. Click the Start button and select Settings, then click Control Panel. The Control
Panel window will appear.
2. Move mouse and double-click the right button on Network and Dial-up
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USER’S MANUAL OF X-Micro WLAN 11b ACCESS POINT
Version: 2.0
Connections icon. Move mouse and double-click the Local Area Connection icon.
The Local Area Connection window will appear. Click Properties button in the
Local Area Connection window.
3. Check the installed list of Network Components. If TCP/IP is not installed, click the
Add button to install it; otherwise go to step 6.
4. Select Protocol in the Network Component Type dialog box and click Add button.
5. Select TCP/IP in Microsoft of Select Network Protocol dialog box then click OK
button to install the TCP/IP protocol, it may need the Microsoft Windows CD to
complete the installation. Close and go back to Network dialog box after the TCP/IP
installation.
6. Select TCP/IP and click the properties button on the Network dialog box.
7. Select Specify an IP address and type in values as following example.
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IP Address: 192.168.1.1, any IP address within 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.253 is
good to connect the Wireless LAN Access Point.
IP Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
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8. Click OK to completes the IP parameters setting.
For OS of Microsoft Windows NT:
1. Click the Start button and select Settings, then click Control Panel. The Control
Panel window will appear.
2. Move mouse and double-click the right button on Network icon. The Network
window will appear. Click Protocol tab from the Network window.
3. Check the installed list of Network Protocol window. If TCP/IP is not installed, click
the Add button to install it; otherwise go to step 6.
4. Select Protocol in the Network Component Type dialog box and click Add button.
5. Select TCP/IP in Microsoft of Select Network Protocol dialog box then click OK
button to install the TCP/IP protocol, it may need the Microsoft Windows CD to
complete the installation. Close and go back to Network dialog box after the TCP/IP
installation.
6. Select TCP/IP and click the properties button on the Network dialog box.
7. Select Specify an IP address and type in values as following example.
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IP Address: 192.168.1.1, any IP address within 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.253 is
good to connect the Wireless LAN Access Point.
IP Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
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8. Click OK to completes the IP parameters setting.
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3.2 Connect to X-Micro WLAN 11b Access Point
Open a WEB browser, i.e. Microsoft Internet Explore, then enter 192.168.1.254 on the
URL to connect X-Micro WLAN 11b Access Point.
3.3 Management and configuration on X-Micro WLAN 11b Access Point
3.3.1 Status
This page shows the current status and some basic settings of the device, includes
system, wireless and TCP/IP configuration information.
Screenshot – Status
Item
Description
System
Alias Name
It shows the alias name of X-Micro WLAN 11b Access
Point.
Uptime
It shows the duration since X-Micro WLAN 11b Access
Point is powered on.
Firmware version
It shows the firmware version of X-Micro WLAN 11b
Access Point.
Wireless
configuration
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USER’S MANUAL OF X-Micro WLAN 11b ACCESS POINT
Version: 2.0
SSID
It shows the SSID of X-Micro WLAN 11b Access Point.
The SSID is the unique name of X-Micro WLAN 11b
Access Point and shared among its service area, so all
devices attempts to join the same wireless network can
identify it.
Channel Number
WEP
It shows the wireless channel connected currently.
It shows the status of WEP encryption function.
It shows the number of connected clients (or stations,
PCs).
Associated Clients
BSSID
It shows the BSSID address of X-Micro WLAN 11b
Access Point.
BSSID is a six-byte address.
LAN configuration
Attain IP Protocol
It shows how X-Micro WLAN 11b Access Point gets the
IP address. The IP address can be set manually to a fixed
one or set dynamically by DHCP server.
It shows the IP address of X-Micro WLAN 11b Access
Point.
IPAddress
Subnet Mask
Default Gateway
MAC Address
It shows the IP subnet mask of X-Micro WLAN 11b
Access Point.
It shows the default gateway setting for the outgoing data
packets.
It shows the MAC address of X-Micro WLAN 11b
Access Point.
3.3.2 Wireless Basic Settings
This page is used to configure the parameters for wireless LAN clients that may
connect to your Access Point. Here you may change wireless encryption settings
as well as wireless network parameters.
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Screenshot – Wireless Basic Settings
Item
Description
Alias Name
It is the alias name of X-Micro WLAN 11b Access Point.
The alias name can be 32 characters long.
Disable Wireless LAN Tick on to disable the wireless LAN data transmission.
Interface
SSID
It is the wireless network name. The SSID can be 32
bytes long.
Channel Number
Associated Clients
Select the wireless communication channel from
pull-down menu.
Click the Show Active Clients button to open Active
Wireless Client Table that shows the MAC address,
transmit-packet, receive-packet and transmission-rate for
each associated wireless client.
Apply Changes
Reset
Click the Apply Changes button to complete the new
configuration setting.
Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the
previous configuration setting.
3.3.3 Wireless Advanced Settings
These settings are only for more technically advanced users who have a sufficient
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Version: 2.0
knowledge about wireless LAN. These settings should not be changed unless you
know what effect the changes will have on your Access Point.
Screenshot – Wireless Advanced Settings
Item
Description
Authentication Type Click to select the authentication type in Open System,
Shared Key or Auto selection.
Fragment Threshold Set the data packet fragmentation threshold, value can be
written between 256 and 2346 bytes. Refer to 4.10 What
RTS Threshold
Set the RTS Threshold, value can be written between 0
and 2347 bytes. Refer to 4.11 What is RTS (Request To
Beacon Interval
Set the Beacon Interval, value can be written between 20
and 1024 ms.
Refer to 4.12 What is Beacon Interval?
Data Rate
Select the transmission data rate from pull-down menu.
Data rate can be auto-select, 11M, 5.5M, 2M or 1Mbps.
Click to select the Long Preamble or Short Preamble
support on the wireless data packet transmission. Refer to
Preamble Type
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Click to enable or disable the SSID broadcast function.
Broadcast SSID
Apply Changes
Reset
Refer to 4.14 What is SSID Broadcast?
Click the Apply Changes button to complete the new
configuration setting.
Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the
previous configuration setting.
3.3.4 Wireless Security Setup
This page allows you setup the WEP security. Turn on WEP by using encryption
keys could prevent any unauthorized access to your wireless network.
Screenshot – Wireless Security Setup
Item
Description
Enable WEP Security Click the check box to enable WEP security function.
Refer to 4.9 What is WEP?
Key Length
Select the WEP shared secret key length from pull-down
menu. The length can be chose between 64-bit and
128-bit (known as “WEP2”) keys.
The WEP key is composed of initialization vector (24
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USER’S MANUAL OF X-Micro WLAN 11b ACCESS POINT
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bits) and secret key (40-bit or 104-bit).
Key Format
Select the WEP shared secret key format from pull-down
menu. The format can be chose between plant text
(ASCII) and hexadecimal (HEX) code.
Default Tx Key
Set the default secret key for WEP security function.
Value can be chose between 1 and 4.
Encryption Key 1
Encryption Key 2
Encryption Key 3
Encryption Key 4
Apply Changes
Secret key 1 of WEP security encryption function.
Secret key 2 of WEP security encryption function.
Secret key 3 of WEP security encryption function.
Secret key 4 of WEP security encryption function.
Click the Apply Changes button to complete the new
configuration setting.
Reset
Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the
previous configuration setting.
WEP encryption key (secret key) length:
Length
64-bit
128-bit
Format
ASCII
HEX
5 characters
13 characters
10 hexadecimal codes
26 hexadecimal codes
3.3.5 Wireless Access Control
If you enable wireless access control, only those clients whose wireless MAC
addresses are in the access control list will be able to connect to your Access Point.
When this option is enabled, no wireless clients will be able to connect if the list
contains no entries.
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Screenshot – Wireless Access Control
Item Description
Enable WEP Security Click the check box to enable wireless access control.
This is a security control function; only those clients
registered in the access control list can link to X-Micro
WLAN 11b Access Point.
MAC Address
Fill in the MAC address of client to register X-Micro
WLAN 11b Access Point access capability.
Fill in the comments for the registered client.
Click the Apply Changes button to register the client to
new configuration setting.
Comment
Apply Changes
Reset
Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the
previous configuration setting.
Current Access
Control List
It shows the registered clients that are allowed to link to
X-Micro WLAN 11b Access Point.
Delete Selected
Click to delete the selected clients that will be access
right removed from X-Micro WLAN 11b Access Point.
Click to delete all the registered clients from the access
allowed list.
Delete All
Reset
Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the
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previous configuration setting.
3.3.6 LAN Interface Setup
This page is used to configure the parameters for local area network that connects
to the LAN port of your Access Point. Here you may change the setting for IP
address, subnet mask, DHCP, etc.
Screenshot – LAN Interface Setup
Item
Description
IPAddress
If the DHCP Client function is disabled, fill in the IP
address of X-Micro WLAN 11b Access Point.
If the DHCP Client function is disabled, fill in the subnet
mask of X-Micro WLAN 11b Access Point.
If the DHCP Client function is disabled, fill in the default
gateway for out going data packets.
Subnet Mask
Default Gateway
DHCP Client
Select to enable or disable the DHCP client function from
pull-down menu.
802.1d Spanning Tree Select to enable or disable the IEEE 802.1d Spanning
Tree function from pull-down menu.
Clone MAC Address Fill in the MAC address that is the MAC address to be
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USER’S MANUAL OF X-Micro WLAN 11b ACCESS POINT
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cloned.
Clone MAC address is designed for your special
application that request the clients to register to a server
machine with one identified MAC address.
Since that all the clients will communicate outside world
through X-Micro WLAN 11b Access Point, so have the
cloned MAC address set on the wireless LAN access
point will solve the issue.
Apply Changes
Reset
Click the Apply Changes button to complete the new
configuration setting.
Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the
previous configuration setting.
3.3.7 Statistics
This page shows the packet counters for transmission and reception regarding to
wireless and Ethernet networks.
Screenshot – Statistics
Item
Description
Wireless LAN
Sent Packets
It shows the statistic count of sent packets on the wireless
LAN interface.
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Wireless LAN
Received Packets
Ethernet LAN
Sent Packets
It shows the statistic count of received packets on the
wireless LAN interface.
It shows the statistic count of sent packets on the
Ethernet LAN interface.
Ethernet LAN
Received Packets
Refresh
It shows the statistic count of received packets on the
Ethernet LAN interface.
Click the refresh the statistic counters on the screen.
3.3.8 Upgrade Firmware
This page allows you upgrade the Access Point firmware to new version. Please
note, do not power off the device during the upload because it may crash the
system.
Screenshot – Upgrade Firmware
Item
Description
Select File
Click the Browse button to select the new version of web
firmware image file.
Upload
Reset
Click the Upload button to update the selected web
firmware image to X-Micro WLAN 11b Access Point.
Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the
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previous configuration setting.
3.3.9 Save /Reload Settings
This page allows you save current settings to a file or reload the settings from the
file that was saved previously. Besides, you could reset the current configuration
to factory default.
Screenshot – Save/Reload Settings
Item
Description
Save Settings to File Click the Save button to download the configuration
parameters to your personal computer.
Load Settings from
File
Click the Browse button to select the configuration files
then click the Upload button to update the selected
configuration to X-Micro WLAN 11b Access Point.
Click the Reset button to reset the configuration
parameter to factory defaults.
Reset Settings to
Default
3.3.10 Password Setup
This page is used to set the account to access the web server of Access Point.
Empty user name and password will disable the protection.
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Screenshot – Password Setup
Item
Description
User Name
Fill in the user name for web management login control.
Fill in the password for web management login control.
New Password
Confirmed Password Because the password input is invisible, so please fill in
the password again for confirmation purpose.
Apply Changes
Reset
Clear the User Name and Password fields to empty,
means to apply no web management login control.
Click the Apply Changes button to complete the new
configuration setting.
Click the Reset button to abort change and recover the
previous configuration setting.
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4 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
4.1 What and how to find my PC’s IP and MAC address?
IP address is the identifier for a computer or device on a TCP/IP network. Networks
using the TCP/IP protocol route messages based on the IP address of the destination.
The format of an IP address is a 32-bit numeric address written as four numbers
separated by periods. Each number can be zero to 255. For example, 191.168.1.254
could be an IP address.
The MAC (Media Access Control) address is your computer's unique hardware number.
(On an Ethernet LAN, it's the same as your Ethernet address.) When you're connected to
the Internet from your computer (or host as the Internet protocol thinks of it), a
correspondence table relates your IP address to your computer's physical (MAC) address
on the LAN.
To find your PC’s IP and MAC address,
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Open the Command program in the Microsoft Windows.
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Type in ipconfig /all then press the Enter button.
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Your PC’s IP address is the one entitled IP Address and your PC’s MAC address is
the one entitled Physical Address.
4.2 What is Wireless LAN?
A wireless LAN (WLAN) is a network that allows access to Internet without the need
for any wired connections to the user’s machine.
4.3 What are ISM bands?
ISM stands for Industrial, Scientific and Medical; radio frequency bands that the Federal
Communications Commission (FCC) authorized for wireless LANs. The ISM bands are
located at 915 +/- 13 MHz, 2450 +/- 50 MHz and 5800 +/- 75 MHz.
4.4 How does wireless networking work?
The 802.11 standard define two modes: infrastructure mode and ad hoc mode. In
infrastructure mode, the wireless network consists of at least one access point connected
to the wired network infrastructure and a set of wireless end stations. This configuration
is called a Basic Service Set (BSS). An Extended Service Set (ESS) is a set of two or
more BSSs forming a single subnetwork. Since most corporate WLANs require access
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USER’S MANUAL OF X-Micro WLAN 11b ACCESS POINT
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to the wired LAN for services (file servers, printers, Internet links) they will operate in
infrastructure mode.
Example 1: wireless Infrastructure Mode
Ad hoc mode (also called peer-to-peer mode or an Independent Basic Service Set, or
IBSS) is simply a set of 802.11 wireless stations that communicate directly with one
another without using an access point or any connection to a wired network. This mode
is useful for quickly and easily setting up a wireless network anywhere that a wireless
infrastructure does not exist or is not required for services, such as a hotel room,
convention center, or airport, or where access to the wired network is barred (such as for
consultants at a client site).
Example 2: wireless Ad Hoc Mode
4.5 What is BSSID?
A six-byte address that distinguishes a particular a particular access point from others.
Also know as just SSID. Serves as a network ID or name.
4.6 What is ESSID?
The Extended Service Set ID (ESSID) is the name of the network you want to access. It
is used to identify different wireless networks.
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4.7 What are potential factors that may causes interference?
Factors of interference:
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Obstacles: walls, ceilings, furniture… etc.
Building Materials: metal door, aluminum studs.
Electrical devices: microwaves, monitors and electrical motors.
Solutions to overcome the interferences:
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Minimizing the number of walls and ceilings.
Position the WLAN antenna for best reception.
Keep WLAN devices away from other electrical devices, eg: microwaves,
monitors, electric motors, … etc.
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Add additional WLAN Access Points if necessary.
4.8 What are the Open System and Shared Key authentications?
IEEE 802.11 supports two subtypes of network authentication services: open system and
shared key. Under open system authentication, any wireless station can request
authentication. The station that needs to authenticate with another wireless station sends
an authentication management frame that contains the identity of the sending station.
The receiving station then returns a frame that indicates whether it recognizes the
sending station. Under shared key authentication, each wireless station is assumed to
have received a secret shared key over a secure channel that is independent from the
802.11 wireless network communications channel.
4.9 What is WEP?
An optional IEEE 802.11 function that offers frame transmission privacy similar to a
wired network. The Wired Equivalent Privacy generates secret shared encryption keys
that both source and destination stations can use to alert frame bits to avoid disclosure to
eavesdroppers.
WEP relies on a secret key that is shared between a mobile station (e.g. a laptop with a
wireless Ethernet card) and an access point (i.e. a base station). The secret key is used to
encrypt packets before they are transmitted, and an integrity check is used to ensure that
packets are not modified in transit.
4.10 What is Fragment Threshold?
The proposed protocol uses the frame fragmentation mechanism defined in IEEE 802.11
to achieve parallel transmissions. A large data frame is fragmented into several
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fragments each of size equal to fragment threshold. By tuning the fragment threshold
value, we can get varying fragment sizes. The determination of an efficient fragment
threshold is an important issue in this scheme. If the fragment threshold is small, the
overlap part of the master and parallel transmissions is large. This means the spatial
reuse ratio of parallel transmissions is high. In contrast, with a large fragment threshold,
the overlap is small and the spatial reuse ratio is low. However high fragment threshold
leads to low fragment overhead. Hence there is a trade-off between spatial re-use and
fragment overhead.
Fragment threshold is the maximum packet size used for fragmentation. Packets larger
than the size programmed in this field will be fragmented.
If you find that your corrupted packets or asymmetric packet reception (all send packets,
for example). You may want to try lowering your fragmentation threshold. This will
cause packets to be broken into smaller fragments. These small fragments, if corrupted,
can be resent faster than a larger fragment. Fragmentation increases overhead, so you'll
want to keep this value as close to the maximum value as possible.
4.11 What is RTS (Request To Send) Threshold?
The RTS threshold is the packet size at which packet transmission is governed by the
RTS/CTS transaction. The IEEE 802.11-1997 standard allows for short packets to be
transmitted without RTS/CTS transactions. Each station can have a different RTS
threshold. RTS/CTS is used when the data packet size exceeds the defined RTS
threshold. With the CSMA/CA transmission mechanism, the transmitting station sends
out an RTS packet to the receiving station, and waits for the receiving station to send
back a CTS (Clear to Send) packet before sending the actual packet data.
This setting is useful for networks with many clients. With many clients, and a high
network load, there will be many more collisions. By lowering the RTS threshold, there
may be fewer collisions, and performance should improve. Basically, with a faster RTS
threshold, the system can recover from problems faster. RTS packets consume valuable
bandwidth, however, so setting this value too low will limit performance.
4.12 What is Beacon Interval?
In addition to data frames that carry information from higher layers, 802.11 includes
management and control frames that support data transfer. The beacon frame, which is a
type of management frame, provides the "heartbeat" of a wireless LAN, enabling
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stations to establish and maintain communications in an orderly fashion.
Beacon Interval represents the amount of time between beacon transmissions. Before a
station enters power save mode, the station needs the beacon interval to know when to
wake up to receive the beacon (and learn whether there are buffered frames at the access
point).
4.13 What is Preamble Type?
There are two preamble types defined in IEEE 802.11 specification. A long preamble
basically gives the decoder more time to process the preamble. All 802.11 devices
support a long preamble. The short preamble is designed to improve efficiency (for
example, for VoIP systems). The difference between the two is in the Synchronization
field. The long preamble is 128 bits, and the short is 56 bits.
4.14 What is SSID Broadcast?
Broadcast of SSID is done in access points by the beacon. This announces your access
point (including various bits of information about it) to the wireless world around it. By
disabling that feature, the SSID configured in the client must match the SSID of the
access point.
Some wireless devices don't work properly if SSID isn't broadcast (for example the
D-link DWL-120 USB 802.11b adapter). Generally if your client hardware supports
operation with SSID disabled, it's not a bad idea to run that way to enhance network
security. However it's no replacement for WEP, MAC filtering or other protections.
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5 Configuration Examples
5.1 Example One – DHCP on the LAN
Sales division of Company ABC likes to establish a WLAN network to support mobile
communication on sales’ Notebook PCs. MIS engineer collects information and plans
the WLAN Access Point implementation by the following configuration.
All the sales’ Notebook PCs will get IP address automatically from the DHCP server.
DHCP server also assigns the IP address of WLAN Access Point LAN interface, so
before you can manage the WLAN Access Point through the WEB browser, you need to
get the IP address of the LAN interface.
LAN configuration
Attain IP Automatically (DHCP); enable DHCP client function.
WLAN configuration
SSID
SDWLAN
Channel Number
1
SSID: SDWLAN
Channel: 1
DHCP client
SSID: SDWLAN
Channel: 1
DHCP client
SSID: SDWLAN
Channel: 1
DHCP client
SSID: SDWLAN
Channel: 1
DHCP client
SSID: SDWLAN
Channel: 1
DHCP
Power adapter
Ethernet cable
Switch/ HUB
Internet
xDSL/ CM
DHCP server
Figure 3 – Configuration Example One – DHCP on the LAN
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Configure the LAN interface:
Open LAN Interface
Setup page and enable
the DHCP Client
function.
Press
button to confirm the configuration setting.
Configure the WLAN interface:
Open WLAN Interface
Setup page, enter the
SSID “SDWLAN”,
Channel Number “1”.
Press
button to confirm the configuration setting.
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5.2 Example Two – Fixed IP on the LAN
Company ABC likes to establish a WLAN network to support mobile communication
on all employees’ Notebook PCs. MIS engineer collects information and plans the
WLAN Access Point implementation by the following configuration.
LAN configuration
IP Address
Subnet Mask
Default Gateway
WLAN configuration
SSID
192.168.1.254
255.255.255.0
192.168.1.10
MyWLAN
Channel Number
6
SSID: MyWLAN
Channel: 6
IP: 192.168.1.32
SSID: MyWLAN
Channel: 6
IP: 192.168.1.31
SSID: MyWLAN
Channel: 6
IP: 192.168.1.33
SSID: MyWLAN
Channel: 6
IP: 192.168.1.30
SSID: MyWLAN
Channel: 6
IP: 192.168.1.254
Power adapter
Ethernet cable
Switch/ HUB
Internet
xDSL/ CM
Router
IP: 192.168.1.20
IP: 192.168.1.10
Figure 4 – Configuration Example Two – Fixed IP on the WAN
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Configure the LAN interface:
Open LAN Interface
Setup page, enter the IP
Address
“192.168.1.254”,
Subnet Mask
“255.255.255.0”,
Default Gateway
“192.168.1.10”.
Press
button to confirm the configuration setting.
Configure the WLAN interface:
Open WLAN Interface
Setup page, enter the
SSID “MyWLAN”,
Channel Number “6”.
Press
button to confirm the configuration setting.
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