Applications
Guide
Engineered Smoke
Control System
™
for TRACER SUMMIT
BAS-APG001-EN
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Applications
Guide
Engineered Smoke
Control System
™
for TRACER SUMMIT
BAS-APG001-EN
September 2006
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™
Applications Guide, Engineered Smoke Control System for Tracer Summit
This guide and the information in it are the property of American Standard and may not be used or reproduced in whole or in part,
without the written permission of American Standard. Trane, a business of American Standard, Inc., has a policy of continuous product
and product data improvement and reserves the right to change design and specification without notice.
Use of the software contained in this package is provided under a software license agreement. Unauthorized use of the software or
related materials discussed in this guide can result in civil damages and criminal penalties. The terms of this license are included with
the compact disk. Please read them thoroughly.
Although Trane has tested the hardware and software described in this guide, no guarantee is offered that the hardware and software
are error free.
Trane reserves the right to revise this publication at any time and to make changes to its content without obligation to notify any per-
son of such revision or change.
Trane may have patents or patent applications covering items in this publication. By providing this document, Trane does not imply
giving license to these patents.
The following are trademarks or registered trademarks of American Standard: Rover, Trane, and Tracer Summit.
®
®
™
™
The following are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies or organizations: LonTalk and Lon-
Works from Echelon Corporation, National Electrical Code from the National Fire Protection Association.
Printed in the U.S.A.
© 2006 American Standard All rights reserved
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NOTICE:
Warnings and Cautions appear at appropriate sections throughout this manual. Read these carefully:
ƽWARNING
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury.
ƽCAUTION
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which, if not avoided, may result in minor or moderate injury.
It may also be used to alert against unsafe practices.
CAUTION
Indicates a situation that may result in equipment damage or property damage.
The following format and symbol conventions appear at appropriate sections throughout this manual:
IMPORTANT
Alerts installer, servicer, or operator to potential actions that could cause the product or system to
operate improperly but will not likely result in potential for damage.
Note:
A note may be used to make the reader aware of useful information, to clarify a point, or to describe
options or alternatives.
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Contents
Contents
Dilution method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Airflow method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Plugholing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Zone operating modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Normal mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Alarm mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Adjacent mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Associated equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
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Equipment supervision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
System testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Alarm response. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Response times. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
System riser diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Mounting the hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Clearances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
EMI/RFI considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Installing the door. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Transtector, Ethernet (UUKL nondedicated only), and LonTalk
Installation guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
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Contents
EMI/RFI considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Wiring inputs and outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Wire routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Checking outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Installing the circuit board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Interpreting LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Service LED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Status LED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Comm LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Installing the door. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Storage environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Mounting location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Terminal strips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
AC-power wiring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
I/O bus wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Universal inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
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Contents
Interpreting EX2 LEDs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Operational priority. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
UL-tested programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
UUKL binding list (actuator Open/Close or
On/Off status) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
iv
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Contents
Node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Binding types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
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Contents
vi
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Chapter 1
Smoke control overview
Smoke is one of the major problems created by a fire. Smoke threatens
life and property, both in the immediate location of the fire and in
locations remote from the fire. The objectives of smoke control include:
•
•
•
•
•
Maintain reduced-risk escape route environments
Diminish smoke migration to other building spaces
Reduce property loss
Provide conditions that assist the fire service
Aid in post-fire smoke removal
Smoke consists of airborne solid and liquid particulates, gases formed
during combustion, and the air supporting the particulates and gases.
Smoke control manages smoke movement to reduce the threat to life and
property. This chapter describes:
•
•
•
•
•
Methods of smoke control
Applications of smoke control methods
Smoke detection and system activation
Design approaches to smoke control
Design considerations for smoke control
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Chapter 1 Smoke control overview
Methods of smoke control
Smoke control system designers use five methods to manage smoke. They
use the methods individually or in combination. The specific methods
used determine the standards of design analysis, performance criteria,
acceptance tests, and routine tests. The methods of smoke control consist
of: compartmentation, dilution, pressurization, air flow, and buoyancy.
Compartmentation method
The compartmentation method provides passive smoke protection to
spaces remote from a fire. The method employs walls, partitions, floors,
doors, smoke barriers, smoke dampers, and other fixed and mechanical
barriers. Smoke control system designers often use the compartmentation
method in combination with the pressurization method.
Dilution method
The dilution method clears smoke from spaces remote from a fire. The
method supplies outside air through the HVAC system to dilute smoke.
Using this method helps to maintain acceptable gas and particulate
concentrations in compartments subject to smoke infiltration from
adjacent compartments. In addition, the fire service can employ the
dilution method to remove smoke after extinguishing a fire. Smoke
dilution is also called smoke purging, smoke removal, or smoke
extraction.
Within a fire compartment, however, dilution may not result in any
significant improvement in air quality. HVAC systems promote a
considerable degree of air mixing within the spaces they serve and
building fires can produce very large quantities of smoke. Also, dilution
within a fire compartment supplies increased oxygen to a fire.
Pressurization method
The pressurization method protects refuge spaces and exit routes. The
method employs a pressure difference across a barrier to control smoke
either the refuge area or an exit route. The low-pressure side is exposed to
smoke. Airflow from the high-pressure side to the low-pressure side
(through construction cracks and gaps around doors) prevents smoke
infiltration. A path that channels smoke from the low-pressure side to the
outside ensures that gas expansion pressures do not become a problem. A
top-vented elevator shaft or a fan-powered exhaust can provide the path.
2
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Methods of smoke control
Figure 1: Sample pressure difference across a barrier
Table 1 provides the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
recommended minimum pressure difference between the high-pressure
side and the low-pressure side.
Table 1: Recommended minimum pressure difference
Minimum pressure
Ceiling height
(ft [m])
difference
Building type
Sprinklered
(In.w.c. [Pa])
Any
0.05 (12.4)
0.10 (24.9)
0.14 (34.8)
0.18 (44.8)
Non-sprinklered
Non-sprinklered
Non-sprinklered
Notes:
9 (2.7)
15 (4.6)
21 (6.4)
• The minimum pressure difference column provides the pressure
difference between the high pressure side and the low-pressure side.
• The minimum pressure difference values incorporate the pressure
induced by the buoyancy of hot smoke.
• A smoke control system should maintain the minimum pressure
differences regardless of stack effect and wind.
• The minimum pressure difference values are based on
recommendations in NFPA 92A (NFPA 2000, Recommended Practice
for Smoke Control Systems).
• In.w.c. is inches of water column.
• Pa is Pascals.
Table 2 on page 4 provides the NFPA recommended maximum allowable
pressure difference across doors. The listed pressure differences take into
account the door closer force and door width.
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Chapter 1 Smoke control overview
Table 2: Maximum allowable pressure differences across doors
Door width
(in. [m])
32 (0.813)
36 (0.914)
40 (1.02)
44 (1.12)
46 (1.17)
Door closer force
(lb. [N])
Pressure difference
(In.w.c. [Pa])
6 (26.7)
8 (35.6)
0.45 (112.0)
0.41 (102.0)
0.37 (92.1)
0.34 (84.5)
0.30 (74.6)
0.40 (99.5)
0.37 (92.1)
0.34 (84.5)
0.30 (74.6)
0.27 (67.2)
0.37 (92.1)
0.34 (84.5)
0.30 (74.6)
0.27 (67.2)
0.24 (59.7)
0.34 (84.6)
0.31 (77.1)
0.28 (69.7)
0.25 (62.2)
0.22 (45.7)
0.31 (77.1)
0.28 (69.7)
0.26 (64.7)
0.23 (57.2)
0.21 (52.2)
10 (44.5)
12 (53.4)
14 (62.3)
Notes:
• Total door opening force is 30 lb. (133 N); door height is 80 in. (2.03 m). NFPA 101 (NFPA 2003, Life
Safety Code) recommends the door opening force.
• N is Newton.
• m is meter.
• In.w.c. is inches of water column.
• Pa is Pascal.
• The pressure difference values are based on recommendations in NFPA 92A (NFPA 2000,
Recommended Practice for Smoke Control Systems).
Airflow method
The airflow method controls smoke in spaces that have barriers with one
or more large openings. It is used to manage smoke in subway, railroad,
and highway tunnels. The method employs air velocity across or between
Figure 2: Sample airflow method
4
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Applications of smoke control methods
A disadvantage of the airflow method is that it supplies increased oxygen
to a fire. Within buildings, the airflow method must be used with great
caution. The airflow required to control a wastebasket fire has sufficient
oxygen to support a fire 70 times larger than the wastebasket fire. The
airflow method is best applied after fire suppression or in buildings with
restricted fuel. For more information on airflow, oxygen, and combustion,
refer to Huggett, C. 1980, Estimation of Rate of Heat Release by Means of
Oxygen Consumption Measurements, Fire and Materials.
Buoyancy method
The buoyancy method clears smoke from large volume spaces with high
ceilings. The method employs paths to the outside and relies on hot
combustion gases rising to the highest level in a space. At the high point,
either a powered smoke exhausting system or a non-powered smoke
venting system clears the smoke.
Applications of smoke control methods
Applying the methods of smoke control to spaces within a building
provides a building smoke control system. Smoke control methods are
most commonly applied to building spaces to provide zoned, stairwell,
elevator shaft, and atrium smoke control.
Note:
It is beyond the scope of this user guide to provide
mathematical design analysis information for smoke control.
For references to design analysis information, see Appendix A,
Zoned smoke control
Zoned smoke control uses compartmentation and pressurization to limit
smoke movement within a building. Typically, a building consists of a
number of smoke control zones. Barriers (partitions, doors, ceilings, and
floors) separate the zones. Each floor of a building is usually a separate
floor, or a floor can consist of more than one zone.
The zone in which the smoke is detected is the smoke control zone. Zones
next to the smoke control zone are adjacent zones. Zones not next to the
smoke control zone are unaffected zones.
Pressure differences produced by fans limit smoke movement to adjacent
and unaffected zones. The system may pressurize adjacent zones and
leave all unaffected zones in normal operation (Figure 3(a) and Figure
Or, the system may pressurize adjacent zones and some unaffected zones
control zone, putting it at a negative pressure, relative to adjacent zones.
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Chapter 1 Smoke control overview
Zoned smoke control cannot limit the spread of smoke within the smoke
control zone. Consequently, occupants of the smoke control zone must
evacuate as soon as possible after fire detection.
Figure 3: Sample arrangements of smoke control zones
+ : Represents high-pressure zone
– : Represents low-pressure zone
each floor is a separate zone, the following sequence provides smoke
control:
1. In the smoke control zone, the smoke damper in the supply duct
closes and the smoke damper in the return duct opens.
2. In adjacent and/or unaffected zones, the smoke dampers in the return
ducts close and smoke dampers in the supply ducts open.
3. If the system has a return air damper, it closes.
4. Supply and return fans activate.
6
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Applications of smoke control methods
Figure 4: Sample HVAC operation during smoke control
Note:
the penthouse equipment.
When an HVAC system serves only one smoke control zone, the following
sequence provides smoke control:
1. In the smoke control zone, the return/exhaust fan activates, the
supply fan deactivates.
2. The return air damper closes, and the exhaust damper opens
(optionally, the outside air damper closes).
3. In the no-smoke zone, the return/exhaust fan deactivates, the supply
fan activates.
4. The return air damper closes, and the outside air damper opens
(optionally, the exhaust air damper closes).
Stairwell smoke control
Stairwell smoke control uses pressurization to prevent smoke migration
through stairwells to floors remote from the source of the smoke.
Secondarily, it provides a staging area for fire fighters.
In the smoke control zone, a pressurized stairwell maintains a positive
pressure difference across closed stairwell doors to limit smoke
infiltration to the stairwell. Stairwell smoke control employs one or more
of these design techniques: compensated pressurization, non-
compensated pressurization, single injection pressurization, and multiple
injection pressurization.
Compensated pressurization technique
The compensated stairwell pressurization technique adjusts air pressure
to compensate for various combinations of open and closed stairwell
access doors. The technique maintains constant positive pressure
differences across openings. To compensate for pressure changes, it either
employs modulated supply airflow or over-pressure relief.
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Chapter 1 Smoke control overview
If the technique employs modulated supply airflow, a fan provides at least
minimum pressure when all stairwell access doors are open. Either a
single-speed fan with modulating bypass dampers or a variable frequency
drive varies the flow of air into the stairwell to compensate for pressure
changes.
If the technique employs over-pressure relief, a damper or fan relieves air
to the outside to maintain constant pressure in the stairwell. The amount
of air relieved depends on the air pressure in the stairwell. A barometric
damper, a motor-operated damper, or an exhaust fan can be used to
maintain the air pressure.
Non-compensated pressurization technique
The non-compensated pressurization technique provides a constant
volume of pressurization air. The level of pressurization depends on the
state of the stairwell access doors. When access doors open, the pressure
in the stairwell lowers. When access doors close, the pressure raises. One
Non-compensated stairwell pressurization works best when:
•
Stairwells are in a lightly populated building (for example: telephone
exchanges and luxury apartments).
•
Stairwell access doors are usually closed, but when used, remain open
only a few seconds.
Figure 5: Sample non-compensated system
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Applications of smoke control methods
Single and multiple injection pressurization techniques
The single injection and multiple injection techniques provide
more pressurization fans located at ground level, roof level, or any
location in between.
The single injection technique supplies pressurization air to the stairwell
from one location.
IMPORTANT
The single injection technique can fail when stairwell access doors are
open near the air supply injection point. Pressurization air will escape
and the fan will fail to maintain a positive pressure difference across
access doors farther from the injection point.
The multiple injection technique supplies pressurization air to the
stairwell from more than one location. When access doors are open near
one injection point, pressurization air escapes. However, other injection
points maintain positive pressure differences across the remaining access
doors.
Figure 6: Sample single and multiple injection methods
Elevator shaft smoke control
Elevator shaft smoke control uses pressurization to prevent smoke
migration through elevator shafts to floors remote from the source of the
smoke. Elevator shaft smoke control is similar to stairwell smoke control.
The stairwell pressurization techniques described previously are
applicable to elevator shaft pressurization.
Designating an elevator as a fire exit route is an acceptable, though not
typical, practice. NFPA 101 (NFPA 2003, Life Safety Code) allows
elevators to be second fire exit routes from air traffic control towers. For
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Chapter 1 Smoke control overview
more information about elevator shaft smoke control, refer to Klote, J.K.,
and Milke, J.A. (Design of Smoke Management Systems, 1992).
Atrium smoke control
Atrium smoke control uses buoyancy to manage smoke in large-volume
spaces with high ceilings. The buoyancy of hot smoke causes a plume of
smoke to rise and form a smoke layer under the atrium ceiling. NFPA
92B (NFPA 2000, Guide for Smoke Management Systems in Malls, Atria,
and Large Areas) addresses smoke control for atria, malls, and large
areas. Atrium smoke control techniques consist of smoke exhausting,
natural smoke venting, and smoke filling.
Smoke exhausting technique
The smoke exhausting technique employs fans to exhaust smoke from the
smoke layer under the ceiling. Exhausting prevents the smoke layer from
descending and coming into contact with the occupants of the atrium
space. Makeup air replaces the air that is exhausted by the fans. If
makeup air is not introduced, the space will develop a negative pressure,
which will restrict smoke movement.
Figure 7: Sample atrium smoke exhausting technique
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Applications of smoke control methods
Natural smoke venting technique
The natural smoke venting technique employs vents in the atrium ceiling
or high on the atrium walls to let smoke flow out without the aid of fans
size of the atrium, the outside temperature, and the wind conditions.
When smoke is detected, all vents open simultaneously. The flow rate
through a natural vent depends on the size of the vent, the depth of the
smoke layer, and the temperature of the smoke.
Note:
Thermally activated vents are not appropriate for natural
venting because of the time delay for opening.
Figure 8: Sample natural smoke venting technique
Smoke filling technique
The smoke filling technique allows smoke to collect at the ceiling. Without
fans to exhaust the smoke, the smoke layer grows thicker and descends.
Atrium smoke filling is viable when an atrium is of such size that the
time needed for the descending smoke to reach the occupants is greater
than the time needed for evacuation.
People movement calculations determine evacuation time. For
information on people-movement calculations, refer to SFPE 1995, Fire
Protection Engineering Handbook.
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Chapter 1 Smoke control overview
Underground building smoke control
The smoke control objective for underground buildings is to contain and
remove smoke from the alarm zone. The smoke control system fully
exhausts the alarm zone and provides makeup air to replace the
exhausted air.
Setup and zoning of the smoke detectors is part of the fire alarm system
engineering effort. The fire alarm system signals the smoke control
system to start automatic smoke control operations.
In NFPA 101 (NFPA 2003, Life Safety Code), chapter 11.7 states that an
underground building with over 100 occupants must have an automatic
smoke venting system. Chapter 14.3, for new educational occupancies,
provides smoke zoning requirements. Chapter 12.4.3.3 states that
automatic smoke control must be initiated when two smoke detectors in a
smoke zone activate. Chapter 12.4.3.3 states that the system must be
capable of at least 6 air changes per hour.
Smoke detection and system activation
The appropriate smoke detection and system activation approach
depends on the specifics of the smoke control system and on the code
requirements. Automatic activation has the advantage over manual
activation. Automatic activation provides fast and accurate response.
Each smoke control application has detection and activation
requirements:
•
•
•
•
Zoned smoke control
Stairwell smoke control
Elevator smoke control
Atrium smoke exhaust
Note:
Smoke detectors located in HVAC ducts should not be the
primary means of smoke control activation. Duct detectors have
long response times and exhibit degraded reliability when
clogged by airborne particles. However, a duct detector signal
may be used in addition to a primary means of activation. For
more information, refer to Tamura, G.T., Smoke Movement &
Control in High-Rise Buildings.
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Smoke detection and system activation
Zoned smoke control detection and activation
Zoned smoke control activation occurs on a signal from either a sprinkler
water flow switch or a heat detector. For maximum benefit, the zoned
smoke control system should only respond to the first alarm. Two design
techniques that prevent detection of smoke in zones other than the first
zone reporting are:
•
•
Not activating smoke control on smoke detector signals
Activating smoke control on signals from two separate smoke
detectors located in the same zone
Note:
Zoned smoke control should not activate on a signal from a
manual pull station (pull box). If pull box activation does not
occur in the zone that contains the fire, activation incorrectly
identifies the smoke zone.
Stairwell smoke control detection and activation
Stairwell smoke control activation occurs on an alarm signal from any
device, including sprinkler water flow switches, heat detectors, smoke
detectors, and manual pull stations (pull boxes). Most stairwell smoke
control systems operate in the same manner regardless of the source of
the alarm signal.
Elevator smoke control detection and activation
Elevator smoke control activation occurs on an alarm signal from any
device, including sprinkler water flow switches, heat detectors, smoke
detectors, and manual pull stations (pull boxes). Most elevator smoke
control systems operate in the same manner regardless of the source of
the alarm signal.
Note:
The description of elevator smoke control detection and
activation does not apply to pressurization systems for
elevators intended for occupant evacuation.
Atrium smoke exhausting detection and activation
Atrium smoke exhausting activation occurs on a signal from a beam
smoke detector. A beam smoke detector consists of a light beam
transmitter and a light beam sensor. Typically, the transmitter and the
sensor are located apart from each other. However, when located together,
the transmitter sends its beam to the opposite side of the atrium. At the
opposite side, the beam reflects back to the sensor.
Note:
Atrium smoke control should not activate on a signal from a
manual pull station (pull box). Atrium smoke exhaust systems
have different operating modes depending on fire location.
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Chapter 1 Smoke control overview
Note:
Atrium smoke control should not activate on signals from
sprinkler water flow switches or heat detectors. Since the
temperature of a smoke plume decreases with height,
activation by these devices may not provide reliable results.
Beam smoke detectors minimize interference problems created by
stratified hot air under atrium ceilings. On hot days or days with a high
solar load on the atrium roof, a hot layer of air may form under the
ceiling. The layer can exceed 120° F (50° C). The smoke from an atrium
fire may not be hot enough to penetrate the layer and reach ceiling-
Beam-detector installation typically conforms to one of two
configurations: vertical grid or horizontal grid.
Figure 9: Sample stratification
Vertical grid
The vertical grid is the most common beam detector configuration. A
number of beam detectors, located at different levels under the ceiling,
detect the formation and thickening of a smoke layer. The bottom of the
grid is at the lowest expected smoke stratification level.
Horizontal grid
The horizontal grid is an alternate beam detector configuration A number
of beam detectors, located at different levels under the ceiling, detect the
rising smoke plume. Beam detectors are located:
•
•
Below the lowest expected smoke stratification level
Close enough to each other to ensure intersection with the plume
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Design approaches to smoke control
Design approaches to smoke control
Smoke control methods provide a mechanical means of directing smoke
movement in an enclosed space. The application of one or more methods
to a building provides a building smoke control system. Design
approaches to smoke control include the no smoke, tenability, and
dedicated system approaches.
No-smoke approach
The no-smoke approach provides a smoke control system that prevents
smoke from coming into contact with people or property. Almost all smoke
control systems are based on the no-smoke approach.
While the objective is to eliminate all smoke, some smoke occurs in
protected spaces. By molecular diffusion, minute quantities of smoke
travel against pressurization and airflow. These very low concentrations
of airborne combustion products are detected by their odor. These and
higher levels of diffused contaminants may not result in high-risk
conditions.
Tenability approach
The tenability approach provides a smoke control system that allows
smoke to come into contact with occupants. However, in this approach,
the smoke control system dilutes the by-products of combustion before
they come into contact with people. In atria applications, the natural
mixing of air into a smoke plume can result in significant dilution.
Tenability criteria vary with the application but may include:
•
•
•
Exposure to toxic gases
Exposure to heat
Visibility
Dedicated system approach
The dedicated system approach, such as stairwell and elevator smoke
control, provides a system that has the sole purpose of managing smoke.
It does not function during normal building comfort control.
The advantages of the dedicated system approach include:
•
•
•
•
The interface is simple, since there are few components to bypass.
Modification of controls after installation is unlikely.
Easy operation and control.
Limited reliance on other building systems.
The disadvantages of the dedicated system approach include:
•
Component failures may go undiscovered since they do not affect
normal building comfort control.
•
Building systems may require more physical space.
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Chapter 1 Smoke control overview
Design considerations for smoke
control
Two occurrences will hinder smoke control:
•
•
Plugholing
Smoke feedback
Smoke control systems should be designed to address the problems that
are caused by plugholing and smoke feedback.
Plugholing
Plugholing occurs when an exhaust fan pulls fresh air into the smoke
increases the smoke layer depth. It has the potential of exposing
occupants to smoke.
The maximum flow of smoke (Q
) exhausted without plugholing
max
depends on the depth of the smoke layer and the temperature of the
smoke. If the required total smoke exhaust is greater than Q
,
max
additional exhaust vents will eliminate plugholing. The distance between
vents must be great enough that the air and smoke flow near one vent
does not affect the air and smoke flow near another vent.
Figure 10: Sample plugholing
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Design considerations for smoke control
Smoke feedback
Smoke feedback occurs when smoke enters a pressurization fan intake
and flows into protected spaces. Design techniques reduce the probability
of smoke feedback:
•
Supply air intakes located below openings from which smoke might
flow, such as building exhausts, smoke shaft outlets and elevator
vents.
•
Automatic shutdown capability to stop the system in the event of
smoke feedback.
For more information on smoke feedback, refer to SFPE 1995, Fire
Protection Engineering Handbook.
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Chapter 1 Smoke control overview
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Chapter 2
Pre-installation
considerations
This chapter provides considerations that must be given prior to
installing an engineered smoke control system. The pre-installation
considerations are:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Zone operating modes
Associated equipment
Equipment supervision
System testing
Alarm response
Automatic smoke control matrix
Response times
Note:
In this chapter, the application of the smoke control system as a
zoned system is for general practice and conforms to national
codes and publications. In all cases, the local authority having
jurisdiction (AHJ) has the authority to modify requirements.
IMPORTANT
The local AHJ must approve the proposed system before installation
begins.
Zone operating modes
Zone operating modes are a pre-installation consideration. The design of
a building smoke control system is the responsibility of the building
architects and engineers. In the National Fire Protection Association
(NFPA) publication NFPA 101 (NFPA 2003, Life Safety Code), chapter
11.8 provides general high rise building requirements. Chapter 12–42
provides high-rise building requirements based on type of occupancy.
Both chapters may apply to a specific building.
Understanding the smoke control system operating modes enables the
effective layout of system controls. One of four operating modes governs
each zone: normal, alarm, adjacent, or unaffected.
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Chapter 2 Pre-installation considerations
Normal mode
A zone is in normal mode when no fire, smoke, or sprinkler alarms are
present in the building. In some zoning systems, a zone may be in normal
mode if an alarm condition is present in the building but the zone is not
affected. In normal mode, the smoke control system is inactive.
Alarm mode
A zone is in alarm mode when it is the origin of the first fire, smoke, or
sprinkler alarm. In alarm mode, the smoke control system operates fans
and dampers to protect adjacent and unaffected zones and provide a
smoke exhaust route for the alarm zone.
Adjacent mode
A zone is in adjacent mode when it is next to the alarm zone. However, in
some zoning systems, zones that are not next to the alarm zone may be
designated as adjacent zones. Other zoning systems may designate all
non-alarm zones as adjacent zones. Codes do not state which zones are
adjacent. In adjacent mode, the smoke control system sets fans and
dampers to pressurize adjacent zones in order to contain the smoke in the
alarm zone.
Unaffected mode
A zone is in unaffected mode when it is neither the alarm zone nor an
adjacent zone and an alarm is present in the building. In large buildings,
there may be many zones that are not near the alarm zone. Codes do not
state which zones are unaffected. In unaffected mode, the smoke control
system may shut down and isolate unaffected zones. Or, the smoke
control system may allow unaffected zones to operate in normal mode.
Actual system operation depends on the design of the smoke control
system.
Associated equipment
Equipment associated with the smoke control system design is a pre-
installation consideration prior to setting up the smoke control system
controls. Associated equipment includes: fire alarm system equipment,
fire alarm control panel, firefighter’s smoke control station, and smoke
control system equipment.
Fire alarm system equipment
The building fire alarm system is responsible for detecting an alarm
condition, alerting occupants by audible and visual means, and signaling
the smoke control system. Fire alarm system equipment includes: area,
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Associated equipment
beam, and duct smoke detectors; manual pull stations; and sprinkler flow
devices.
Note:
Fire alarm system equipment is neither furnished nor installed
by Trane.
Area smoke detectors
Area smoke detectors detect the presence of smoke at the ceiling. When
activated, an area smoke detector signals the fire alarm system. The
zoning of area smoke detectors must reflect the zoning of the building.
Note:
Under certain conditions, heat detectors or heat with rate of
rise detectors are preferable to area smoke detectors.
Beam smoke detectors
Beam smoke detectors detect the presence of smoke beneath the ceiling.
When activated, a beam smoke detector signals the fire alarm system. In
atrium applications, beam detectors may replace area smoke detectors.
Beam smoke detectors minimize interference problems created by
stratified hot air under the atrium ceiling.
Duct smoke detectors
Duct smoke detectors detect smoke in building air-distribution system
ductwork. When smoke is present, a signal from the detector deactivates
the fans in the system in which the detector is installed. However, smoke
control system commands must override fan deactivation by a duct smoke
detector.
In NFPA 90A (NFPA 2002, Standard for the Installation of Air
Conditioning and Ventilating Systems), section 6.4.2.1 provides the
requirements for duct smoke detectors. Supply duct smoke detectors must
be located downstream of the system filters and ahead of any branch
connection. In mixing systems, this is usually after the return air
connection. Duct smoke detectors may be required in the supply duct of
all air-handling systems greater than 2000 cubic feet per minute (CFM)
and at each floor with a return air volume greater than 15,000 CFM.
Two exceptions limit the use of duct smoke detectors:
•
•
Duct smoke detectors are not required in 100% exhaust air systems.
Duct smoke detector use is limited if area smoke detectors cover the
entire space served by the return air distribution. Since area smoke
detectors usually cover entire floors, the typical system only requires
one duct smoke detector in the common return duct.
Manual pull stations
Manual pull stations enable occupants to report a fire. When activated, a
manual pull station signals the fire alarm system. A manual pull station
alarm must not initiate the automatic operation of the smoke control
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Chapter 2 Pre-installation considerations
system, since a pull station is not necessarily activated in the zone that
contains the smoke or fire.
Sprinkler flow devices
Fire alarm system equipment may include two types of sprinkler flow
devices: sprinkler flow switches and tamper switches.
Sprinkler flow switches, installed in fire sprinkler lines, notify the fire
alarm control panel (FACP) of flow in the sprinkler lines. The FACP
transmits an alarm to the smoke control system. The smoke control
system may initiate automatic smoke control from the alarm. Sprinkler
zones must coincide with the zone layout of the building and the zoning of
the FACP.
Tamper switches are installed on manual shutoff valves in the fire
sprinkler system. The switches provide a supervisory alarm signal to the
fire alarm system if the shutoff valve closes. Alarms activated by tamper
switches must not initiate the automatic operation of the smoke control
system.
Fire alarm control panel
The FACP receives alarm signals. If the FACP receives an alarm, it
notifies the smoke control system of the alarm and the alarm location.
The zone layout of the FACP must match the zone layout of the building
to ensure that the FACP is capable of sending accurate signals to the
smoke control system. The mechanical and electrical consulting engineers
coordinate the building zone layout to the FACP layout to ensure a proper
interface.
Firefighter’s smoke control station
The firefighter’s smoke control station (FSCS) enables firefighters to take
manual control of the smoke control system. The FSCS must be located in
an easily accessible but secure location. The normal location is near the
FACP.
IMPORTANT
The FSCS must be listed by Underwriters Laboratories (UL) as suitable
for enabling firefighters to take manual control of the smoke control
system.
Commands from the FSCS control panel are the highest priority
commands in the system. They override automatic control of smoke
control system components.
The FSCS provides a graphic representation of the building. It shows
smoke control zones and associated smoke control mechanical equipment.
The panel includes: lights, an audible trouble LED, and manual switches.
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Associated equipment
Lights
The FSCS provides lights that show the mode of each zone and the status
of each piece of smoke control mechanical equipment. The status lights
Table 3. Pilot lamp color codes
Color
Description
Green
Red
Fan On or damper Open
Fan Off or damper Closed
Yellow (or Amber)
Verification of Operation Status light. Fan or
damper not in commanded position.
Audible trouble indicator
The FSCS may provide an audible trouble indicator with a silence switch.
If provided, the indicator alerts personnel to system trouble.
Manual switches
The FSCS provides manual switches that operate smoke control system
fans and dampers. Normally, there is one manual switch for each piece of
equipment. However, in complex smoke control systems that have very
large fan systems, one switch may operate more than one piece of
equipment. This allows the smoke control system to coordinate smoke
control functions without damaging equipment. For example, the manual
switches that control large central fan systems may also operate the
mixing dampers to prevent tripping the high- and low-pressure cutouts.
Manual switches at the FSCS are either 2- or 3-position switches. Labels
Table 4. Switch state descriptions
Switch state
Equipment
ON-AUTO-OFF
Fans controlled by the smoke control system or
other automatic control system
OPEN-AUTO-CLOSE
Dampers controlled by the smoke control
system or other automatic control system
ON-OFF
Fans only controlled from the FSCS
OPEN-CLOSE
Dampers only controlled from the FSCS
Smoke control system equipment
The smoke control system receives alarm signals from the FACP and
manual command signals from the FSCS. On receiving alarm signals
and/or manual commands, the smoke control system controls the
mechanical smoke control equipment. Manual command signals from the
FSCS take priority over alarm signals.
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Chapter 2 Pre-installation considerations
The smoke control system controls fans and positions dedicated and
nondedicated dampers, both in the smoke control zones and at the air-
handling systems. It may also position dampers or air modulation devices
such as variable-air-volume (VAV) boxes serving the smoke control zones.
Equipment associated with the smoke control system includes: dampers,
fans, verification of operation equipment, and the Tracer™ MP581
programmable controller.
For VAV-based systems, there must be some form of duct pressure relief
on each floor or in each smoke control zone. In smoke control mode, all
return and supply dampers will be set to 100% open. If the VAV dampers
are closed when this occurs, the duct pressure may be enough to damage
duct work. To avoid this possibility, duct pressure relief dampers, either
DDC or mechanically controlled, should be installed in the ductwork for
each smoke control zone.
It should be noted that careful sizing of smoke control supply air damper
and relief damper is necessary to use smoke purge and protect dampers.
In contrast to a VAV system, it is not necessary to provide separate duct
pressure relief in constant volume as this is a form of dedicated smoke
purge with supply and return/exhaust dampers already open. Supply
dampers should be sized such that any one damper can spill an adequate
amount of air.
Outdoor air, return air, relief, and exhaust dampers
A nondedicated comfort control system controls outdoor air, return air,
relief, and exhaust dampers. In normal operation, the return damper
operates in opposition to the outdoor air damper. However, during smoke
control system activation, all three dampers may be closed
simultaneously to isolate the air-handling system for smoke control
operations.
An elevator shaft damper, located at the top of a hoistway, relieves
pressure generated during elevator operation. Since elevator shaft
dampers are usually open, the natural stack effect of the building will
tend to distribute smoke through the building via the elevator shafts.
Some codes require a key-operated switch at the main floor lobby to close
the elevator shaft damper. With local approval, this switch can be located
at the FSCS.
Smoke dampers
A smoke damper is located in any duct that penetrates a smoke zone
perimeter. Smoke dampers that are listed by Underwriters Laboratories
(UL) are subject to more stringent leakage tests than are standard
control dampers. The listing usually includes the control actuator as part
of the smoke damper assembly, but does not include the end switches.
IMPORTANT
Smoke dampers must have a Underwriters Laboratories (UL) listing for
smoke control applications (UL 555S).
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Associated equipment
Smoke dampers are ordered as a complete assembly. They are typically
two-position dampers and have end switches that indicate the fully open
and fully closed position. The switches are installed in the field. Dampers
actuate with two types of control: pneumatic actuation and electrical
actuation.
Note:
Switches that are part of the actuator do not provide an
acceptable indication of actual damper travel. They only show
the operation of the actuator and not the actual position of the
damper.
For pneumatically actuated smoke dampers, the operating pressure
range (spring range) and the normal position of the damper must be
specified. Typically, the normal position will be closed (normally closed).
The spring range must be high (8–13 lbs) to give the most close-off force.
Uniform Building Code 905.10.2 requires hard drawn, type L, copper
pneumatic piping for smoke control system components. The air source
must have automatic isolation valves separating it from pneumatic
control devices not used for smoke control. Since the smoke control
system will open and close smoke dampers, it may require an air pressure
monitoring switch. If air pressure is lost in the smoke damper control
lines, the switch transmits a Trouble indication.
For electrically actuated smoke dampers, the operating voltages are
24 Vac and 120 Vac. It is usually not possible to get actuators with DC
operating voltages. A spring on the actuator positions the damper if
power is lost. The power-loss position is typically the actuator closed
(normally closed) position.
The electrical power that operates the smoke damper must be from an
emergency power source and is monitored at a point after the last
disconnect. The loss of electrical power initiates a Trouble indication.
Fans
Fans need additional control components for smoke control operation.
Supply/return fan systems require independent control of fans. Multiple
fan system Start and Stop points bypass some safety devices.
VAV systems require the smoke control system to be capable of either
commanding the fans to full capacity or a higher capacity than comfort
controls would command. High-pressure safeties are not bypassed in
smoke control operation. Care must be taken to ensure that increased
capacities do not trip high-pressure cutout devices. Excess pressures
could deactivate fan systems, making them unusable for smoke control.
Verification of operation equipment
Codes require that the smoke control system provide verification of
operation status indications at the FSCS. To accomplish this, the smoke
control system provides devices that monitor the actual operation of fans
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Chapter 2 Pre-installation considerations
and dampers: status switches, differential pressure switches, airflow
paddle switches, current-sensing relays, limit switches, and end switches.
Status switches at fans and dampers monitor the operation of the devices.
Multiple binary inputs at the Tracer MP581s verify the On and Off status
of fans and the Open and Closed status of dampers. If a status switch
does not confirm the commanded (automatic or manual) operation, a Fail
indicator activates at the FSCS. Failure detection must incorporate a
time delay to give the devices time to function.
Differential pressure switches, airflow paddle switches, and current-
sensing relays monitor fan operations. Differential switches piped across
fan and paddle switches in the air stream can give erroneous indications.
IMPORTANT
A current-sensing relay is the preferred way to confirm the operating
status of a fan.
Limit switches and end switches monitor dampers. The switches activate
damper Open and Closed signals for the FSCS. The damper blades
activate the switches. Some codes require two switches in order to sense
both the fully opened and fully closed position of the damper.
Tracer MP581 programmable controller
The Tracer MP581 must have multiple binary inputs to verify the On and
Off operation of fans. It must also have multiple binary inputs to verify
the Open and Closed positions of dampers.
Equipment supervision
Equipment supervision is a pre-installation consideration. Smoke control
equipment must be supervised to ensure it is operational. Supervision
techniques consist of confirming communications among system control
panels, confirming operation in normal use situations, and performing
weekly self-tests.
Confirming communications among all system control panels is a
supervision technique that monitors basic system integrity. If any panel
loses its communications, a Trouble alert is sent to the FSCS.
Normal use operations confirm the integrity of field point wiring for
nondedicated equipment. Nondedicated equipment provides conditioned
air to the building daily. When nondedicated equipment is not
operational, comfort conditions deteriorate and building tenants notify
maintenance personnel.
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System testing
System testing
System testing is a pre-installation consideration. To verify proper
operation, the smoke control system must include provisions for:
automatic weekly self-testing and manual periodic testing.
Automatic weekly self-testing
As UL requires, the smoke control system provides automated weekly
self-tests for dedicated smoke control system components. The self-tests
activate components and monitor operation. They provide verification of
operation status indications to the FSCS that show if the component
passed or failed the test. Automatic weekly self-tests do not function if a
smoke or fire alarm is present.
Manual periodic testing
As NFPA 92A (NFPA 2000, Recommended Practice for Smoke Control
Systems), chapter 5.4 requires, the smoke control system provides a
manual testing capability. It provides annual tests for nondedicated
system components and semi-annual tests for dedicated system
components. The semi-annual tests are required in addition to the
automated weekly self-tests for dedicated smoke control system
components. Building maintenance personnel schedule and conduct the
tests.
The manual periodic tests verify smoke control system responses to alarm
zone inputs. Some of the manual testing must be performed with the
system operating on emergency power, if applicable. An alarm must be
generated in each zone. The system and equipment responses must be
verified and recorded. Manual periodic testing should occur when the
building is not occupied.
Alarm response
Alarm response is a pre-installation consideration. NFPA 92A (NFPA
1996, Recommended Practice for Smoke Control Systems), section 3.4.5.5
requires the automatic response to an alarm to be based on the location of
the first alarm. Subsequent alarms from other zones must be ignored for
the purposes of automatic response.
Automatic smoke control matrix
Table 6 on page 28, nondedicated) shows each piece of mechanical
equipment and each building zone. The matrix shows the automatic
response of each piece of equipment to an initial alarm for each smoke
zone. It also shows the mode of each zone based on an alarm in another
zone. Commands from the FSCS may override the automatic responses.
The matrix must be engineered for a specific project.
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Chapter 2 Pre-installation considerations
Table 5. Sample automatic smoke control matrix (dedicated)
First smoke zone in alarm
Equipment
Zone 1
On
Zone 2
On
Zone 3
On
Zone 4
On
Main sup fan
Main R/E fan
On
On
On
On
Stair press fan
1st flr sup dmpr
1st flr ret dmpr
On
On
On
On
Close
Open
Open
Close
Close
Open
Open
Close
Close
Close
Adjacent
Alarm
Adjacent
Unaffected
Close
Close
Open
Close
Close
Open
Open
Close
Unaffected
Adjacent
Alarm
Adjacent
Close
Close
Close
Close
Open
2nd flr sup dmpr Open
2nd flr ret dmpr
3rd flr sup dmpr
3rd flr ret dmpr
4th flr sup dmpr
4th flr ret dmpr
Smoke zone 1
Smoke zone 2
Smoke zone 3
Smoke zone 4
Close
Close
Close
Close
Close
Open
Close
Close
Alarm
Unaffected
Unaffected
Adjacent
Alarm
Adjacent
Unaffected
Unaffected
Table 6. Sample automatic smoke control matrix (nondedicated)
First smoke zone in alarm
Equipment
Zone 1
On
Zone 2
On
Zone 3
On
Zone 4
On
Main sup fan
Main R/E fan
On
On
On
On
Stair press fan
1st flr sup dmpr
1st flr ret dmpr
On
On
On
On
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Adjacent
Alarm
Adjacent
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Adjacent
Alarm
Adjacent
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Adjacent
Alarm
2nd flr sup dmpr Open
2nd flr ret dmpr
3rd flr sup dmpr
3rd flr ret dmpr
4th flr sup dmpr
4th flr ret dmpr
Smoke zone 1
Smoke zone 2
Smoke zone 3
Smoke zone 4
Open
Open
Open
Open
Open
Alarm
Adjacent
Open
Open
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Response times
Response times
Response times are a pre-installation consideration. For a discussion of
response time requirements for smoke control systems, refer to NFPA
92A (NFPA 2000, Recommended Practice for Smoke Control Systems),
section 3.4.3.3 and NFPA 92B (NFPA 2000, Guide for Smoke Management
Systems in Malls, Atria, and Large Areas), section 4.4.4. The activation
sequence should be accomplished so as to avoid damage to the equipment.
For example, the dampers should be opened before starting the fans.
Table 7 shows the required response times, as published in the referenced
NFPA documentation.
Table 7. NFPA response time requirements
Component
Response time
Damper operation to desired state
(open or closed)
75 seconds
Fan operation to desired state
(on or off)
60 seconds
Note:
Some building codes such as the Uniform Building Code have
much more stringent response times. As with all of the
considerations discussed in this chapter, the local authority
having jurisdiction (AHJ) has the final word.
Cable distance considerations
Table 8 on page 30 given cabling distance requirements for data of two
different types:
•
•
Hardware based, such as from analog or binary inputs and outputs
Communication based, such as from the Lontalk communication link
or I/O bus (EX2)
The table also presents different cabling distance requirements
depending on whether the data path is monitored or unmonitored.
There are no stated distance limitations for monitored information paths.
The maximum distance allowed is the same as the manufacturer’s stated
maximum distance for that particular data type. A data path is
considered monitored if some notification for opens, ground-shorts, and
conductor shorts is available and used (NFPA 72A [2002] section 4.4.7.1).
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Chapter 2 Pre-installation considerations
Note:
Process verification, sometimes referred to as end-to-end testing, can
be considered a means of monitoring data (NFPA 92A [2000] section
3.4.6). Communicated values are an example of process verification.
A communication link can be monitored for quality, and the system
can be notified if there is a communications failure.
Distance limitations for unmonitored data paths are severely limited.
Table 8. Cabling practices and restraints
Maximum distance
Monitored data paths
Type
Refer to the best wiring practices
given in BMTX-SVN01A-EN for
installing Lontalk communication
links.
Trane LonTalk communication link
Refer to the wiring requirements
given in CNT-SVN01C-EN for the I/O
bus wiring between the Tracer
MP580/581 and the EX2s.
Tracer MP580/581 EX2 I/O bus com-
munication link
Unmonitored data paths
3 ft (1 m)
Unmonitored distance from pilot
relay or controller output to actuator
(NFPA 72A [2002] section 6.15.2.2)
20 ft (6 m) and in conduit
(NFPA 72A [2002] section 4.4.7.1.8)
FACP to Tracer MP581/EX2 interface
wiring
FSCS to Tracer MP581/EX2 interface
wiring
Note: Questions regarding this information given in this table should be
directed to the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ), if possible.
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Chapter 3
Installation diagrams
Smoke control system overview
An engineered smoke control system can be added on to a Tracer
Summit™ building automation system. The system layout, wiring
requirements, and capacities for smoke control applications differ from
Tracer Summit systems that do not employ smoke control.
A smoke control installation includes a Trane building control unit
(BCU), the Tracer MP581 programmable controller, and wiring. These
devices should be wired on the smoke control communication link.
Devices that are a part of the Tracer Summit system, but are not used by
the smoke control system, must be on a separate communication link.
IMPORTANT
For dedicated smoke control system, only Tracer MP581s used for
smoke control are allowed on the LonTalk communication link. Tracer
MP581s and other LonTalk UCMs not involved in smoke control must
be connected to other BCUs. A nondedicated smoke control system can
have other LonTalk devices connected to the communication link.
Installation diagrams consist of system riser and system termination
diagrams. These diagrams provide requirements and restrictions to the
installer.
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Chapter 3 Installation diagrams
System riser diagrams
System riser diagrams (Figure 11) show panel locations, power
requirements, power sources, and interconnecting wiring requirements.
They also show the wiring that must be in conduit.
Figure 11. Sample system riser diagram
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System termination diagrams
System termination diagrams
System termination diagrams show wire terminations at panels and field
devices. Guidelines for creating system termination diagrams include:
•
•
Diagrams for Tracer MP581 panels may be formatted as lists.
Diagrams for field devices show: normal state, expected operation,
and voltage requirements. An example of a normal state notation is
normally open. An example of an expected operation description is
closed contact opens damper.
•
•
Diagrams for field devices not furnished by Trane are created during
installation. After installation, the diagrams become part of the as-
built documentation.
Diagrams for the control of starters and variable flow devices (VFDs)
must show the required relays and connections for the hierarchy of
to bypass some safety devices and the local manual switches. Also,
manual controls from the firefighter’s smoke control station (FSCS)
must be wired to give them the highest priority of control.
Figure 12. Sample fan starter wiring diagram
Note: Pressure cutouts, duct smoke detectors and auto shutdown are two-pole.
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Chapter 3 Installation diagrams
Tracer MP581 to FSCS wiring
The FSCS panel is designed for a specific smoke control system
as part of the smoke control system. Before ordering the panel, UL must
approve front panel drawings that show lights and switches.
Figure 13. Sample FSCS panel
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System termination diagrams
The wiring between a Tracer MP581 and the FSCS is non-supervised and
power limited. Additional requirements are:
•
•
•
•
Tracer MP581 and FSCS must be in the same room.
Wiring between the Tracer MP581 and FSCS must be in conduit.
Wiring distance cannot exceed 20 ft.
Wire must be #18 AWG.
The number of wires needed between the Tracer MP581(s) and the FSCS
is determined by the total number of zones and manual override switches
at the FSCS. Multiple Tracer MP581 panels may be required to monitor
and control the FSCS. One Tracer MP581 controls the trouble LED and
the Sonalert audible alarm of the FSCS, as well as supplying 24 Vac
power to operate the lamp test relay(s).
Table 9 shows wires for a typical Tracer MP581 that controls the FSCS
trouble LED and the Sonalert audible alarm.
Figure 14 on page 36 shows Tracer MP581 to FSCS wiring.
Table 9. Wires for a Tracer MP581 that control FSCS trouble LED and
Sonalert alarm
Cables per
Type of
Tracer
Function
wiring
MP581
1–22
24 Vac
24 Vac
24 Vac
24 Vac
24 Vac
24 Vac
22 Vdc
Binary output to light LED on FSCS
Binary output controlling trouble LED
Binary output controlling Sonalert alarm LED
Binary output controlling Sonalert alarm
“Hot” power wire for the FSCS lamp test relays
Common
1
1
1
1
1
1–36
Two binary input wires per FSCS switch (up to
36 switches per Tracer MP581)
1
1
22 Vdc
22 Vdc
Binary input wire for lamp test signal
Common
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System termination diagrams
Tracer MP581 to FACP wiring
The wiring between the Tracer MP581 and the FACP is non-supervised
and power limited. In addition:
•
•
•
•
Tracer MP581 and FACP must be in the same room.
Wiring between the Tracer MP581 and FACP must be in conduit.
Wiring distance cannot exceed 20 ft.
Wire must be #18 AWG.
The number of wires needed between the Tracer MP581(s) and the FACP
is determined by the total number of zones in the fire alarm system.
Multiple Tracer MP581 panels may be required to monitor and control
the FACP.
Table 10 gives wiring information for a typical Tracer MP581 that
communicates to an FACP.
Figure 15 on page 38 shows the details for wiring a Tracer MP581 to an
FACP.
Table 10. Wiring for a typical Tracer MP581 that communicates to an
FACP
Cables
Typeof
perTracer
MP581
Function
wiring
1–36
22 Vdc
Two binary input wires per FSCS switch
(up to 36 per Tracer MP581)
1
22 Vdc
Common
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Chapter 4
Installing the Tracer Summit
BMTX BCU
Mounting the hardware
Make sure that the selected location meets the operating environment
requirements described in this section and clearance requirements
indoors. Trane recommends locating it:
•
•
•
•
Near the controlled equipment to reduce wiring costs
Where service personnel have easy access
Where it is easy to see and to interact with the operator display
Where public access is restricted to minimize the possibility of
tampering or vandalism
CAUTION
Avoid equipment damage!
Install the BCU in a location that is out of direct sunlight. Failure to do
so may cause it to overheat.
Operating environment requirements
Make sure that the operating environment conforms to the specifications
Table 11. Operating environment specifications
Temperature
Humidity
From 32°F to 120°F (0°C to 49°C)
10–90% non-condensing
Power requirements North America: 120 Vac
1 A maximum, 1 phase, 50 or 60 Hz
Weight
Mounting surface must be able to support 60 lb (28 kg)
Dimensions
16 ½ in. × 14 ¾ in. × 5 ½ in.
(418 mm × 373 mm × 140 mm)
Altitude
6500 ft (2000 m)
Category 3
Installation
Pollution
Degree 2
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Chapter 4 Installing the Tracer Summit BMTX BCU
Clearances
Make sure that the mounting location has enough room to meet the mini-
Figure 16. Minimum clearances for the BMTX BCU enclosure
12 in. (30 cm)
12 in. (30 cm)
24 in. (60 cm)
to fully open door
12 in. (30 cm)
50 in. (130 cm) recommended
36 in. (90 cm)
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Mounting the hardware
Figure 17. BMTX BCU enclosure dimensions
Top view
Front view
Left view
Right view
Bottom view
Note: Six of the twelve knockouts are dual-
sized knockouts for 1-inch (25 mm) and
0.75-inch (19 mm) conduit.
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Chapter 4 Installing the Tracer Summit BMTX BCU
Mounting the back of the enclosure
The back of the enclosure is shipped with the termination board installed
inside it.
IMPORTANT
The termination board should be shipped with the grounding screw
The enclosure door is shipped separately. If the door has already been
attached to the enclosure back, remove it.
To mount the back of the enclosure:
1. Using the enclosure back as a template, mark the location of the four
Figure 18. Enclosure mounting holes
Termination board
grounding screw
(must be installed)
Mounting holes
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Wiring high-voltage ac power
2. Set the enclosure back aside and drill holes for the screws at the
marked locations.
Drill holes for #10 (5 mm) screws or #10 wall anchors. Use wall
anchors if the mounting surface is dry wall or masonry.
3. Insert wall anchors if needed.
4. Secure the enclosure back to the mounting surface with the supplied
#10 (5 mm) screws.
Wiring high-voltage ac power
Verifying model number for local power requirements
number on the shipping label or on the product label inside the enclosure.
Table 12. BMTX BCU model number
Model
Description
BMTX001DAB000
BMTX BCU, 120 Vac, UUKL listed
To ensure proper operation of the BMTX BCU, install the power supply
circuit in accordance with the following guidelines:
•
The BCU must receive power from a dedicated power circuit. Failure
to comply may cause control malfunctions.
•
A disconnect switch for the dedicated power circuit must be near the
controller, within easy reach of the operator, and marked as the dis-
connecting device for the controller.
•
High-voltage power-wire conduits or wire bundles must not contain
input/output wires. Failure to comply may cause the controller to mal-
function due to electrical noise.
•
•
High-voltage power wiring must comply with the National Electrical
Code (NEC) and applicable local electrical codes.
High-voltage wiring requires three-wire 120/230 Vac service (line,
neutral, ground).
Note:
The transformer voltage utilization range is 120 Vac. The panel
automatically detects whether the current is 50 or 60 cycle.
To connect high-voltage power wires:
ƽWARNING
Hazardous voltage!
Before making electrical connections, lock open the supply-power dis-
connect switch. Failure to do so may cause death or serious injury.
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Chapter 4 Installing the Tracer Summit BMTX BCU
CAUTION
Use copper conductors only!
Unit terminals are designed to accept copper conductors only. Other
conductors may cause equipment damage.
1. Lock open the supply-power disconnect switch.
2. At the top-right corner of the enclosure, remove the knockout for ½ in
(13 mm) conduit.
3. Open or remove the enclosure door if it has already installed.
4. Inside of the enclosure at the top-right corner, remove the high-volt-
age area cover plate.
5. Feed the high-voltage power wire into the enclosure.
45.
7. Connect the neutral wire to the N terminal.
8. Connect the green ground wire to the chassis ground screw. The
ground wire must be continuous back to the circuit breaker panel.
9. Replace the cover plate.
ƽWARNING
Hazardous voltage!
The cover plate must be in place when the BCU is operating. Failure to
replace the cover plate could result in death or serious injury.
10. On a label, record the location of the circuit breaker panel and the
electrical circuit. Attach the label to the cover plate.
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Chapter 4 Installing the Tracer Summit BMTX BCU
EMI/RFI considerations
Take care to isolate HVAC controllers from electromagnetic interference
(EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI). Such interference can be
caused by radio and TV towers, hospital diagnostic equipment, radar
equipment, electric power transmission equipment, and so on. In addi-
tion, take care to prevent the BMTX BCU from radiating EMI and/or RFI.
The BMTX BCU is equipped with EMI/RFI filters that trap RFI to
ground. In most situations, a good earth ground will reduce EMI/RFI
problems by acting as a drain for EMI and RFI. If the BMTX BCU is
receiving or radiating interference, make sure that the earth ground is
good. Do not assume that the building conduit is an adequate ground.
Checking the earth ground
Though a proper earth ground is especially important in areas of high
EMI or RFI, always check the quality of the ground, regardless of
location.
ƽWARNING
Hazardous voltage!
The cover plate must be in place when the BCU is operating. Failure to
replace the cover plate could result in death or serious injury.
If the earth ground has a voltage of more than 4 Vac, use a different
ground. Failure to do so could result in death or serious injury.
To check the quality of the earth ground:
1. Open the enclosure door.
2. Inside of the enclosure at the top-right corner, remove the high-volt-
age area cover plate.
3. Measure the ac voltage between the earth ground and the neutral ter-
Ideally, the voltage should be 0 Vac. Find a different ground if the
voltage exceeds 4 Vac. A higher voltage may result in:
•
•
•
Danger to people touching the enclosure
Erratic communications
Erratic equipment operation (Because noise may affect voltage
levels at the inputs—the controller interprets input noise as
changes in temperature, humidity, pressure, and so on.)
4. Replace the cover plate.
46
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Chapter 4 Installing the Tracer Summit BMTX BCU
Connecting the main circuit board
The main circuit board is attached to a plastic frame. It is shipped
separately. The board can be kept in the office and programmed while the
back of the enclosure is mounted and the termination board, which is
attached to the back of the enclosure, is wired. After programming has
been completed, connect the circuit board to the termination board as
shown in the following procedure.
To connect the circuit board:
1. Verify that the 24 Vac power cable is not connected to the termination
board.
2. Hold the circuit board frame at a 90° angle to the back of the
3. Connect the circuit board’s 60-pin ribbon cable to the termination
board’s 60-pin slot. The connector is keyed to the slot. To avoid
difficulty, make sure that the key is lined up with the slot.
Figure 21. Connecting the circuit board ribbon cable
1. Align the snaps on the circuit board frame with the mounting locks at
2. Using the tabs that are at both ends of the top frame, push the two
frames together. You will hear a click when the frames connect.
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Connecting the main circuit board
Figure 22. Connecting the frames
3. Connect the 24 Vac power cable to the termination board. The seven-
segment LED display should light up.
4. Connect the Ethernet cable to the Ethernet connector on the circuit
board (this step applies to UUKL nondedicated systems only).
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Chapter 4 Installing the Tracer Summit BMTX BCU
Installing the door
To install the enclosure door:
1. Unpack the door and check for missing or damaged parts.
Check to make sure that the magnetic latches are installed. Check for
any cracks in the plastic.
3. Align the hinge pegs on the door with the hinge holes on the enclo-
sure.
4. Gently lower the door until it rests securely in the hinge holes.
5. Verify that the door swings freely on the hinges and that the magnetic
latches hold the door securely when it is closed.
Figure 23. Installing the door
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Transtector, Ethernet (UUKL nondedicated only), and LonTalk connections on the BMTX BCU
Transtector, Ethernet (UUKL
nondedicated only), and LonTalk
connections on the BMTX BCU
To comply with UUKL, a protection device must be wired to the BMTX
an ac power transient protection device to a BMTX BCU.
Figure 24. AC power transient protection wiring to the BMTX BCU
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Chapter 4 Installing the Tracer Summit BMTX BCU
Figure 25 shows the Ethernet LAN connection (UUKL nondedicated only)
and the LonTalk connection to the BMTX BCU.
Figure 25. Ethernet (UUKL nondedicated only) and LonTalk connection
locations on the BMTX BCU
LonTalk connections
{
Ethernet connection
Note:
A fully configured BCU draws a maximum of 25 VA from the
power transformer. No other devices may be powered from the
transformer.
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Chapter 5
Installing the Tracer MP581
programmable controller
Installation guidelines
Guidelines for installing a Tracer MP581 include:
•
A Tracer MP581 that monitors the fire alarm control panel for
consistency (FACP) must be installed in the same room as the FACP.
It must be installed within 20 feet of the FACP. Cables between the
FACP and the Tracer MP581 must be in conduit.
•
A Tracer MP581 that monitors and controls the fire smoke control
system (FSCS) must be installed in the same room as the FSCS. It
must be installed within 20 feet of the FSCS. Cables between the
FACP and Tracer MP581 must be in conduit.
▲IMPORTANT
Wiring between the Tracer MP581 and the FACP and between the Tracer
MP581 and the FSCS (point wiring) must be in conduit. The conduit
requirement is necessary, since the binary inputs to the Tracer MP581
are not supervised.
•
Wiring from a Tracer MP581 to field sensors and relays is not
supervised. Installation of this wiring must conform to more stringent
requirements when a Tracer MP581 is part of a smoke control system
than when it is part of a standard mechanical system control.
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Chapter 5 Installing the Tracer MP581 programmable controller
Specifications
The Tracer MP581 conforms to the specifications shown in Table 13.
Table 13. Tracer MP581 specifications
Weight
15 lb (7 kg)
Operating temperature
Storage temperature
Humidity
From –40°F to 120°F (–40°C to 49°C)
From –58°F to 203°F (–50°C to 95°C)
10–90% non-condensing
6500 ft (2000 m)
Altitude
Installation
Category 3
Pollution
Degree 2
High-voltage power require-
ments
North America: 120 Vac, 1 A maximum, 1
phase
Weight
Mounting surface must be able to support
25 lb (12 kg)
Analog to digital conversion
Digital to analog conversion
12 bit
12 bit
Microprocessor
Motorola MC68332
20 MHz
Processor clock speed:
Memory
RAM: 256 kB (16-bit word)
EEPROM: 256 kB (8-bit word)
Flash: 1 MB (16-bit word)
Clock
Crystal controlled 32.768 kHz
None required
Battery
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Selecting a mounting location
Selecting a mounting location
Make sure that the location meets the operating environment require-
ments and clearance requirements described in the following sections.
The Tracer MP581 controller must be installed indoors. Trane recom-
mends locating the Tracer MP581 controller in the same room (within 20
ft) of the controlled equipment to reduce wiring costs.
CAUTION
Equipment damage!
Install the Tracer MP581 in a location that is out of direct sunlight. Fail-
ure to do so may cause the Tracer MP581 to overheat.
Operating environment requirements
Make sure that the operating environment conforms to the specifications
Table 14. Operating environment specifications
Temperature
Humidity
Altitude
From –40°F to 120°F (–40°C to 49°C)
10–90% non-condensing
6500 ft (2000 m)
High-voltage power
requirements
North America: 98–132 Vac, 1 A maximum, 1 phase
Weight
Mounting surface must be able to support 25 lb (12 kg)
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Chapter 5 Installing the Tracer MP581 programmable controller
Clearances and dimensions
Make sure that the mounting location has enough room to meet the mini-
dimensions of the Tracer MP581 enclosure.
Figure 26. Minimum clearances for enclosure
12 in. (30 cm)
24 in. (60 cm)
12 in. (30 cm)
to fully open door
12 in. (30 cm)
50 in. (130 cm) recommended
36 in. (90 cm)
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Selecting a mounting location
Figure 27. Tracer MP581 enclosure dimensions
Top view
Front view
Left view
Right view
Bottom view
Note:
Six of the twelve knockouts are dual-sized knockouts for 1-inch
(25 mm) and 0.75-inch (19 mm) conduit.
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Chapter 5 Installing the Tracer MP581 programmable controller
Mounting the back of the enclosure
The back of the enclosure is shipped with the termination board installed
inside it.
IMPORTANT
The termination board should be shipped with the grounding screw
The enclosure door is shipped separately. If the door has already been
attached to the enclosure back, remove it.
To mount the enclosure:
1. Using the enclosure as a template, mark the location of the four
Figure 28. Enclosure mounting holes
Termination board
grounding screw
(must be installed)
Mounting hole
(four locations)
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Wiring high-voltage ac power
2. Set the enclosure aside and drill holes for the screws at the marked
locations.
Drill holes for #10 (5 mm) screws or #10 wall anchors. Use wall
anchors if the mounting surface is dry wall or masonry.
3. Insert wall anchors if needed.
4. Secure the enclosure to the mounting surface with the supplied
#10 (5 mm) screws.
Wiring high-voltage ac power
number on the shipping label or on the product label inside the enclosure.
Table 15. Tracer MP581 models
Model Number
Description
BMTM000DAB00
Tracer MP581 controller, 120 Vac, UUKL
Circuit requirements
To ensure proper operation of the Tracer MP581, install the power supply
circuit in accordance with the following guidelines:
•
The Tracer MP581 must receive high-voltage power from a dedicated
power circuit. Failure to comply may cause control malfunctions.
•
A disconnect switch for the dedicated power circuit must be near the
controller, within easy reach of the operator, and marked as the dis-
connecting device for the controller.
•
High-voltage power-wire conduits or wire bundles must not contain
input/output wires. Failure to comply may cause the controller to mal-
function due to electrical noise.
•
•
High-voltage power wiring must comply with the National Electrical
Code (NEC) and applicable local electrical codes.
High-voltage power wiring requires three-wire 120/230 Vac service.
Use copper conductors only.
Note:
The voltage utilization range for the Tracer MP581 transformer
is 120 Vac. The panel detects whether the current is 50 or 60
cycle.
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Chapter 5 Installing the Tracer MP581 programmable controller
Wiring high-voltage power
ƽWARNING
Hazardous voltage!
Before making electrical connections, lock open the supply-power dis-
connect switch. Failure to do so could result in death or serious injury.
CAUTION
Use copper conductors only!
Unit terminals are designed to accept copper conductors only. Other
conductors may cause equipment damage.
To connect high-voltage power wires:
1. Lock open the supply-power disconnect switch.
2. At the top right corner of the enclosure, remove the knockout and
Figure 29. Knockout for high-voltage power wires
Power wire entry through
knockout for 0.5-inch conduit
3. Open or remove the Tracer MP581 door if it is already installed.
4. Inside of the enclosure at the top-right corner, remove the high-volt-
age area cover plate.
5. Feed the high-voltage power wires into the enclosure.
61.
7. Connect the neutral wire to the N terminal.
8. Connect the green ground wire to the chassis ground screw. The
ground wire must be continuous back to the circuit-breaker panel.
9. Replace the cover plate.
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Wiring high-voltage ac power
Figure 30. Terminal block for high-voltage power wires
ƽWARNING
Hazardous voltage!
The cover plate must be in place when the controller is operating. Fail-
ure to replace the cover plate could result in death or serious injury.
10. On a label, record the location of the circuit-breaker panel and the
electrical circuit. Attach the label to the cover plate.
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Chapter 5 Installing the Tracer MP581 programmable controller
EMI/RFI considerations
Take care to isolate HVAC controllers from electromagnetic interference
(EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI). Such interference can be
caused by radio and TV towers, hospital diagnostic equipment, radar
equipment, electric power transmission equipment, and so on. In addi-
tion, take care to prevent the Tracer MP581 controller from radiating
EMI and/or RFI.
The Tracer MP581 is equipped with EMI/RFI filters that trap RFI to
ground. In most situations, a good earth ground will reduce EMI/RFI
problems by acting as a drain for EMI and RFI. If the Tracer MP581 is
receiving or radiating interference, make sure that the earth ground is
good. Do not assume that the building conduit is an adequate ground.
Checking the earth ground
Though a proper earth ground is especially important in areas of high
EMI or RFI, always check the quality of the ground, regardless of
location.
ƽWARNING
Hazardous voltage!
The cover plate must be in place when the controller is operating. Fail-
ure to replace the cover plate could result in death or serious injury.
If the earth ground has a voltage of more than 4 Vac, use a different
ground. Failure to do so could result in death or serious injury.
To check the quality of the earth ground:
1. Open the enclosure door.
2. Inside of the enclosure at the top-right corner, remove the high-volt-
age area cover plate.
3. Measure the ac voltage between the earth ground and the neutral ter-
Ideally, the voltage should be 0 Vac. Find a different ground if the
voltage exceeds 4 Vac. A higher voltage may result in:
•
•
•
Danger to people touching the enclosure
Erratic communications
Erratic equipment operation (Because noise may affect voltage
levels at the inputs—the controller interprets input noise as
changes in temperature, humidity, pressure, and so on.)
4. Replace the cover plate.
62
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Chapter 5 Installing the Tracer MP581 programmable controller
Wiring inputs and outputs
The Tracer MP581 enclosure is designed to simplify the wiring and con-
figuration of inputs and outputs by providing a large space for routing
Tracer MP581 inputs and outputs.
Table 16. Inputs and outputs
Type
Number
Description
Universal inputs
12
Dry-contact binary, thermistor,
0–20 mA, 0–10 Vdc, linear resistance.
The first four inputs can be used
directly with resistance temperature
detectors (RTDs).
Static pressure
input
1
Differential pressure sensor, 5 Vdc,
0–5 in. wc
Binary outputs
Analog outputs
6
6
Powered relay contacts, 6 VA at 24 Vac
0–10 Vdc or 0–20 mA
Input/output wiring guidelines
Input/output wiring must meet the following guidelines:
•
Wiring must conform with the National Electrical Code and local elec-
trical codes.
•
Use only 18 AWG twisted-pair wire with stranded, tinned-copper con-
ductors.
•
•
Binary input/output wires must not exceed 1,000 ft (300 m).
Analog input wires must not exceed 300 ft (100 m) for thermistors
and 0–10 Vdc inputs and 1,000 ft (300 m) for 0–20 mA inputs.
•
•
Analog output wires must not exceed 1,000 ft (300 m) for 0–10 Vdc
outputs and 0–20 mA outputs.
Do not run input/output wires in the same wire bundle with high-
voltage power wires. Running input/output wires with 24 Vac power
wires is acceptable, but the input wire must be shielded.
•
Terminate input/output wires before installing the main circuit board
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Wiring inputs and outputs
Wire routing
Figure 32 shows how to route input/output wires through the enclosure.
It also shows the locations of wire-tie brackets. See Figure 27 on page 57
for knockout locations and dimensions. Metal conduit may be required by
local codes when running input/output wires.
Figure 32. Wire routing
Brackets for wire
ties (9 locations)
Recommended
communication wire route
Providing low-voltage power for inputs and outputs
The Tracer MP581 controller can provide low-voltage power to inputs and
terminals on the termination board. The following limitations apply:
•
•
Four 24 Vdc screw terminals supply a total of up to 250 mA of power.
Two 24 Vac screw terminals supply a total of up to 17 VA of power.
The 50 VA of available power supplies both the 24 Vac screw
terminals and binary outputs.
Note that more than one input or output can receive power from a given
screw terminal. The only limitation is the total amount of power supplied.
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Chapter 5 Installing the Tracer MP581 programmable controller
Screw terminal locations
Figure 33 shows screw terminal locations on the termination board. The
top row of screw terminals is for signal wires, and the bottom row of screw
terminals is for common wires. To make sure that the wires lie flat, use
the wire strip guide on the termination board to strip input/output wires
to the correct length.
Figure 33. Screw-terminal locations
Common terminals
Signal terminals
24 Vac power
connector
Binary outputs
24 Vac power
Analog outputs
Wire strip guide
Universal inputs
(IN1–IN4 can
accept RTDs)
inputs
24 Vdc power
LonTalk screw terminals
LonTalk jack for Rover service tool
I/O bus for EX2 expansion modules
Duct-static pressure connector
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Wiring inputs and outputs
Wiring universal inputs
The Tracer MP581 controller has 12 universal inputs. Use the Rover ser-
vice tool to configure inputs for analog or binary operation.
The common terminals on the Tracer MP581 termination board are con-
nected to the metal enclosure by means of a ground screw. Shield wires
Tracer MP581 places on sensors.
Table 17. Load placed on sensors
Input type
Load on sensor
Vdc (linear)
mA (linear)
21 kΩ
221 Ω
Wiring binary inputs
Use binary inputs to monitor statuses, such as fan on/off and alarm
resets.
To wire a binary input:
1. Connect the common wire to a common terminal as shown in
Note that, because the common terminals are in parallel, you can
wire the common wire to any available common terminal.
2. Connect the shield wire to a common terminal at the termination
board and tape it back at the input device.
3. Connect the signal wire to an available input terminal (IN1–IN12).
4. Use the Rover service tool to configure the input for binary operation.
Figure 34. Wiring a binary input
< 1000 ft
(300 m)
Signal
Common
Binary switch
Tape back shield
Shield
NOTE: To reduce the potential for transients, locate input
devices in the same room with the Tracer MP581.
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Chapter 5 Installing the Tracer MP581 programmable controller
Wiring analog outputs
The Tracer MP581 controller has six analog outputs. These outputs can
be either 0–10 Vdc outputs or 0–20 mA outputs. Analog outputs control
actuators and secondary controllers.
To wire an analog output:
1. For three-wire applications, use a 3-conductor cable with a shield. For
two-wire applications, use a 2-conductor cable with a shield. Connect
the shield to a common terminal at the termination board and tape it
as the common connection.
2. Connect the signal wire to an available analog output terminal
(AO1–AO6).
3. Connect the supply wire to a 24 Vac terminal as required.
4. Use the Rover service tool to configure the analog output.
Figure 35. Wiring analog outputs
Ac powered actuator
24 Vac
< 1000 ft
(300 m)
Signal
Common
Signal
Common
0–10 Vdc output
Load > 500 Ω
< 1000 ft
(300 m)
< 300 ft
(100 m)
Signal
Tape back shield
Common
0–20 mA output
Load < 500 Ω
NOTE: To reduce the potential for transients, locate output
devices in the same room with the Tracer MP581.
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Wiring inputs and outputs
Wiring binary outputs
The Tracer MP581 controller has six binary outputs. These are powered
outputs, not dry-contact outputs.
IMPORTANT
Use pilot relays for dry-contact outputs when the load is greater than
6 VA or has a current draw of greater than 0.25 A. Use powered outputs
when the load is less than 6 VA or has a current draw of less than
0.25 A.
Note:
When controlling coil-based loads, such as pilot relays, do not
forget to account for “inrush” current. Inrush current can be
three (or more) times greater than the operating current. You
can find information on inrush current for specific types of out-
puts in their product specifications.
To wire a binary output:
1. Connect the common wire to a common terminal as shown in
2. Connect the shield wire to a common terminal at the termination
board and tape it back at the output device.
3. Connect the signal wire to an available binary output terminal
(BO1–BO6).
4. Use the Rover service tool to configure the binary output.
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Chapter 5 Installing the Tracer MP581 programmable controller
Figure 36. Wiring binary outputs
Powered output
< 1000 ft
(300 m)
Signal
Common
Pilot relay
24 Vac coil
Tape back shield
Signal
< 1000 ft
(300 m)
Common
NOTE: To reduce the potential for transients, locate output
devices in the same room with the Tracer MP581.
Checking binary inputs
To check binary inputs for proper operation:
1. Make sure that the sensor is connected and closed.
2. Set the multi-meter to measure Vac, then measure the voltage across
the input connections at the signal and common screw terminals.
The measured voltage should be less than 0.1 Vac. If the voltage is
greater than this, the input readings may change erratically.
3. Set the multi-meter to measure Vdc, then measure the voltage across
the input at the signal and common screw terminals.
The measured voltage should be less than 0.1 Vdc. If the voltage is
greater than this, the input readings may be offset.
CAUTION
Equipment damage!
Continue to step 4 only if you completed steps 2 and 3 successfully.
Measuring resistance may damage the meter if the voltage is too high.
4. Set the multi-meter to measure resistance. If you completed steps 2
and 3 successfully, measure the resistance across the input.
The resistance should be less than 200 Ω when the binary input is
closed and greater than 1 kΩ when it is open.
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Checking outputs
Checking outputs
Follow the procedures in this section to test outputs for proper operation.
IMPORTANT
Perform the tests in this section before providing power to the termina-
tion board or installing the main circuit board. Failure to do so will
result in incorrect multi-meter readings.
To test outputs for proper operation, you need the following tools:
•
•
Digital multi-meter
Small flat-tip screwdriver
Checking binary outputs
To check binary outputs for proper operation:
1. Set the multi-meter to measure Vac, then measure the voltage across
the binary output at the common and signal screw terminals.
The measured voltage should be less than 0.1 Vac. If the voltage is
greater than this, the load may turn on and off unexpectedly. Check
for the following problems:
•
A shared power supply may be incorrectly connected. Check the
wire to make sure that no additional connections have been made.
•
The wire may have an induced voltage somewhere along its
length.
2. Set the multi-meter to measure Vdc, then measure the voltage across
the binary output at the common and signal screw terminals.
The measured voltage should be less than 0.1 Vdc. If the it is greater
than this, a shared power supply may be incorrectly connected. Check
the wire to make sure that no additional connections have been made.
CAUTION
Equipment damage!
Continue to step 3 only if you completed steps 1 and 2 successfully.
Measuring resistance may damage the meter if the voltage is too high.
3. Set the multi-meter to measure resistance. If you completed steps 1
and 2 successfully, measure the resistance across the binary output to
confirm that there are no shorts and no open circuits.
Resistance is load dependent. Pilot relays have a relatively low resis-
tance of less than 1 kΩ, but some actuators have a high resistance.
Check to see what kind of binary output is connected before checking
for open and short circuits.
Checking 0–10 Vdc analog outputs
To check 0–10 Vdc analog outputs for proper operation:
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Chapter 5 Installing the Tracer MP581 programmable controller
1. Make sure that the actuator is connected but powered off.
2. Set the multi-meter to measure Vac, then measure the voltage across
the analog output at the signal and common screw terminals.
The measured voltage should be less than 0.1 Vac. If the voltage is
greater than this, the load may turn on and off unexpectedly. Check
for the following problems:
•
A shared power supply may be incorrectly connected. Check along
the wire to make sure that no additional connections have been
made.
•
The wire may have an induced voltage somewhere along its
length.
3. Set the multi-meter to measure Vdc, then measure the voltage across
the analog output at the signal and common screw terminals.
The measured voltage should be less than 0.1 Vdc. If the voltage is
greater than this, a shared power supply may be incorrectly con-
nected. Check along the wire to make sure that no additional connec-
tions have been made.
CAUTION
Equipment damage!
Continue to step 4 only if you completed steps 2 and 3 successfully.
Measuring resistance may damage the meter if the voltage is too high.
4. Set the multi-meter to measure resistance. If you completed steps 2
and 3 successfully, measure the resistance across the analog output at
the signal and common screw terminals.
The resistance should be greater than 500 Ω. (The analog output will
not be able to reach 10 Vdc if the load resistance is less than 500 Ω.)
Checking 0–20 mA analog outputs
To check 0–20 mA analog outputs for proper operation:
1. Make sure that the actuator is connected but powered off.
2. Set the multi-meter to measure Vac, then measure the voltage across
the analog output at the signal and common screw terminals.
The measured voltage should be less than 0.1 Vac. If the voltage is
greater than this, the load may turn on and off unexpectedly. Check
for the following problems:
•
A shared power supply may be incorrectly connected. Check along
the wire to make sure that no additional connections have been
made.
•
The wire may have an induced voltage somewhere along its
length.
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Checking outputs
3. Set the multi-meter to measure Vdc, then measure the voltage across
the analog output at the signal and common screw terminals.
The measured voltage should be less than 0.1 Vdc. If the voltage is
greater than this, a shared power supply may be incorrectly con-
nected. Check along the wire to make sure that no additional connec-
tions have been made.
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Chapter 5 Installing the Tracer MP581 programmable controller
Wiring LonTalk to the Tracer MP581
IMPORTANT
When installing the Tracer MP581 controller in areas of high electro-
magnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI), fol-
low the additional installation instructions in “EMI/RFI considerations”
Note:
Although LonTalk links are not polarity sensitive, we recom-
mend that you keep polarity consistent throughout the site.
To wire the LonTalk link:
1. At the first Tracer MP581 on the link, complete the following steps:
•
•
•
Connect the white wire to the first (or third) LonTalk screw termi-
Connect the black wire to the second (or fourth) LonTalk screw
terminal.
If this is the first LonTalk controller on the daisy chain, place a
105 Ω termination resistor across the LonTalk screw terminals.
Figure 37. Wiring the first device to the LonTalk connection on the
termination board
Note: Place a 105 Ω termination
resistor at the first and last LonTalk
device on the daisy chain. Termination
resistors require insulation, such as
heat shrink tubing, to avoid accidental
shorts to other conductors.
2. At the next Tracer MP581 (or other LonTalk controller) on the link:
•
Connect the white wires to the first and third LonTalk screw ter-
•
Connect the black wires to the second and fourth LonTalk screw
terminals.
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Wiring LonTalk to the Tracer MP581
3. At the last controller on the LonTalk link:
•
•
•
Connect the white wire to the first LonTalk screw terminal.
Connect the black wire to the second LonTalk screw terminal.
Place a 105 Ω termination resistor across the LonTalk screw
terminals.
Figure 38. Wiring the next device to the LonTalk connection on the
termination board
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Chapter 5 Installing the Tracer MP581 programmable controller
Installing the circuit board
The main circuit board is not installed in the Tracer MP581 enclosure
when it ships. You can store the circuit board in the office while the enclo-
sure is mounted and wired. After wiring has been completed, connect the
circuit board to the termination board.
To install the circuit board:
1. Open the enclosure door.
2. Verify that the 24 Vac power cable is not connected to the termination
3. Hold the top plastic frame, which holds the circuit board, at a 90°
Figure 39. Connecting the cables
4. Connect the 60-pin cable to the 60-pin slot, then connect the 20-pin
cable to the 20-pin slot.
The connectors fit only one way. If you have difficulty connecting
them, make sure that the plastic grooves line up with the slots.
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Installing the circuit board
5. Align the snaps on the top frame with the mounting locks on the bot-
You will hear a click when the frames connect.
Figure 40. Connecting the frames
6. Locate the 24 Vac power connector on the termination board (see
Figure 41 on page 78). Remove the mating plug with screw terminals.
7. Attach the 24 Vac power-supply cable to the screw terminals on the
mating plug.
8. Connect the mating plug to the 24 Vac power connector on the termi-
nation board. The green status LED should light up.
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Verifying operation and communication of the Tracer MP581
Verifying operation and communication
of the Tracer MP581
This chapter describes the location and function of the Service Pin button
and the light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on the Tracer MP581 controller.
Service Pin button
The Service Pin button is located on the main circuit board as shown in
Figure 42. Use the Service Pin button in conjunction with a service tool or
BAS to:
•
•
•
•
Identify a device
Add a device to the active group
Verify PCMCIA communications
Make the green Status LED “wink” to verify that the controller is
communicating on the link
Refer to the Rover Operation and Programming guide,
EMTX-SVX01D-EN, for information on how to use the Service Pin button.
Interpreting LEDs
The information in this section will help you interpret LED activity. The
Figure 42. Service Pin button and LED locations
BO1–BO6 LEDs (green)
Service LED (red)
Service Pin button
Comm LED (yellow)
Status LED (green)
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Chapter 5 Installing the Tracer MP581 programmable controller
Binary output LEDs
The BO1–BO6 LEDs indicate the status of the six binary outputs.
Note:
Each binary output LED reflects the status of the output relay on the
circuit board. It may or may not reflect the status of the equipment
the binary output is controlling. Field wiring determines whether the
state of the binary output LED also applies to the status of the end
Table 18. Binary output LEDs
LED activity
Explanation
LED is on continuously
LED is off continuously
The relay output is energized.
The relay output is de-energized or there is no
power to the board.
Service LED
The red Service LED indicates whether the controller is operating nor-
Table 19. Red Service LED
LED activity
Explanation
LED is off continuously
when power is applied to
the controller
The controller is operating normally.
LED is on continuously
when power is applied to
the controller
The controller is not working properly, or
someone is pressing the Service Pin button.
LED flashes once every
second
The controller is not executing the application
software because the network connections
and addressing have been removed.1
1
Restore the controller to normal operation using the Rover service tool. Refer to
EMTX-SVX01D-EN for more information.
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Verifying operation and communication of the Tracer MP581
Status LED
The green Status LED indicates whether the controller has power applied
Table 20. Green Status LED
LED activity
Explanation
LED is on continuously
Power is on (normal operation).
LED blinks (¼ second on,
¼ second off for 10 seconds)
The auto-wink option is activated, and the
controller is communicating.1
LED blinks rapidly
Flash download is being received.
LED is off continuously
Either the power is off or the controller has
malfunctioned.
1
By sending a request from the Rover service tool, you can request the controller’s
green LED to blink (“wink”), a notification that the controller received the signal and
is communicating.
Comm LED
The yellow Comm LED indicates the communication status of the Tracer
Table 21. Yellow Comm LED
LED activity
Explanation
LED is off continuously
The controller is not detecting any communica-
tion (normal for stand-alone applications).
LED blinks
The controller detects communication (normal
for communicating applications, including data
sharing).
LED is on continuously
The LED may flash so fast that it looks as if it is
on continuously. If this LED activity occurs at any
time other than discovery, it indicates an abnor-
mal condition. For example, the site may have
excessive radio frequency interference (RFI).
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Chapter 5 Installing the Tracer MP581 programmable controller
Installing the door
To install the enclosure door:
1. Unpack the door and check for missing or damaged parts.
Check to make sure that the magnetic latches and touch screen (if
ordered) are installed. Check for any cracks in the plastic.
Figure 43. Aligning the enclosure door
3. Align the hinge pegs on the door with the hinge holes on the
enclosure.
4. Gently lower the door until it rests securely in the hinge holes.
5. Verify that the door swings freely on the hinges and that the magnetic
latches hold the door securely when it is closed.
Removing the door
Remove the door to simplify wiring or when upgrading the controller with
a door-mounted operator display.
To remove the enclosure door:
1. Open the door to a 90° angle from the enclosure.
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Installing the door
2. For doors with an operator display, disconnect the operator-display
cable from operator display.
3. Lift the door to pull the hinges from the hinge holes.
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Chapter 5 Installing the Tracer MP581 programmable controller
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Chapter 6
Installing the EX2 expansion
module
The EX2 is a field-installed expansion module for the Tracer MP581 pro-
grammable controller. Up to four EX2s with metal enclosure, model num-
ber 4950 0523, can be connected to a Tracer MP581. Each EX2 adds the
following inputs and outputs to a Tracer MP581:
•
•
•
Six universal inputs
Four binary outputs
Four analog outputs
The enclosure package includes:
•
•
EX2 circuit board fastened to the back piece of a metal enclosure
Removable metal cover
Make sure that the operating environment conforms to the specifications
Table 22. Operating environment specifications
Temperature
Humidity
Power
From –40°F to 120°F (–40°C to 49°C)
5–93%, non-condensing
24 Vac, 50/60 Hz, 10 VA main board and 6 VA max per
binary output
Mounting Weight
(frame-mount)
Mounting surface must be able to support 2 lb (1 kg)
Mounting Weight
(metal enclosure)
Mounting surface must be able to support 8 lb (4 kg)
Altitude
6,500 ft (2,000 m)
Category 3
Installation
Pollution
Degree 2
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Chapter 6 Installing the EX2 expansion module
Figure 44. Dimensions and clearances for metal-enclosure EX2
1 in.
(25 mm)
1.875 in.
(48 mm)
6.5 in.
(165 mm)
0.28 in.
(7 mm)
9 in.
(229 mm)
9 in.
(229 mm)
7 in.
(178 mm)
2 in.
(51 mm)
2 in.
(51 mm)
10.37 in.
(263 mm)
width with
cover
24 in.
(610 mm)
1 in.
(25 mm)
10.25 in.
(260 mm)
width without cover
2.25 in.
(58 mm)
1 in.
(25 mm)
Clearances
Dimensions
Storage environment
The storage environment must meet the following requirements:
•
•
Temperature: From –40°F to 185°F (–40°C to 85°C)
Relative humidity: 5–93%, non-condensing
Mounting location
Trane recommends locating the EX2 module:
•
•
In an environment protected from the elements
Where public access is restricted to minimize the possibility of tam-
pering or vandalism
•
•
•
Near the controlled equipment to reduce wiring costs
Where it is easily accessible for service personnel
In conduit, in the same room, and no more than 20 ft (6.1 m) from the
FACP
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Terminal strips
Terminal strips
The EX2 module is shipped with terminal strips already in place
terminal strips to the new board without rewiring.
Figure 45. Terminal strip locations
Binary outputs
terminal strip
Universal inputs
terminal strip
Analog outputs
terminal strip
Mounting the metal-enclosure module
To mount the enclosure:
1. Unscrew the two screws on the front of the enclosure and remove the
cover.
2. Using the enclosure as a template, mark the location of the four
3. Set the enclosure aside and drill holes for the screws at the marked
locations.
4. Drill holes for #10 (5 mm) screws or #10 wall anchors. Use wall
anchors if the mounting surface is dry wall or masonry.
5. Insert wall anchors if needed.
6. Secure the enclosure to the mounting surface with #10 (5 mm) screws
(not included).
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Chapter 6 Installing the EX2 expansion module
Figure 46. Mounting the metal-enclosure EX2
AC-power wiring
Use 16 AWG copper wire for ac-power wiring. All wiring must comply
with National Electrical Code and local codes. Use a UL-listed Class 2
power transformer supplying a nominal 24 Vac. The transformer must be
sized to provide adequate power to the EX2 module (10 VA) and outputs
(a maximum of 6 VA per binary output).
Please read the warnings and cautions before proceeding.
ƽWARNING
Hazardous voltage!
Before making line voltage electrical connections, lock open the supply-
power disconnect switch. Failure to do so could result in death or seri-
ous injury.
ƽWARNING
Hazardous voltage!
Make sure that the 24 Vac transformer is properly grounded. Failure to
do so could result in death or serious injury.
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AC-power wiring
CAUTION
Equipment damage!
Complete input/output wiring before applying power to the EX2 mod-
ule. Failure to do so may cause damage to the module or power trans-
former due to inadvertent connections to power circuits.
CAUTION
Equipment damage!
To prevent module damage, do not share 24 Vac between modules.
Wiring AC-power to the metal-enclosure module
Please read the preceding warnings and cautions. To connect ac-power
wiring to the enclosure:
1. Remove the cover of the enclosure.
2. Remove the knockout for the 0.5 in. (13 mm) conduit from the enclo-
sure and attach the conduit.
3. Feed the power wire into the enclosure.
4. When mounting on dry wall or other non-conductive surface, connect
an earth ground to the earth-ground screw on the enclosure
5. Connect the ground wire from the 24 Vac transformer (not included)
6. Connect the power wire to the 24V terminal.
7. Replace the cover of the enclosure.
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Chapter 6 Installing the EX2 expansion module
Figure 47. Power and ground terminals
Note:
If a power transformer must be shared between EX-2 modules
(an example would be at the FSCS), the +VA rating on output is
0.6 VA. This is enough to run any LED or sonalent provided on
the FSCS. A maximum of 10 VA would be available to run other
items. (All LEDs and sonic alerts are On during the LED test.)
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I/O bus wiring
I/O bus wiring
The EX2 communicates with the Tracer MP581 and up to three other
EX2 modules on an IEEE-485 link. This link must be a daisy chain. Typi-
cally, the Tracer MP581 is at one end of the daisy chain, but any device
Wiring for the I/O bus must meet the following requirements:
•
All wiring must be in accordance with the National Electrical Code
and local codes.
•
Recommended wire is low-capacitance, 22-gauge, Level 4, unshielded,
twisted-pair. Existing sites that have already been wired with low-
capacitance, 18-gauge, shielded, twisted pair with stranded, tinned-
copper conductors (Trane-approved, purple-jacketed wire) don't have
to be rewired. This shielded wire will work if properly terminated.
•
•
Total I/O wiring length cannot exceed 1000 ft (300 m).
At the first three modules, splice the shield with the shield from the
next section of communication-link wiring, and tape the shield to pre-
vent any connection to ground. At the final module on the end of the
you can use one, two, three, or four EX2 modules with each
Tracer MP581.
Figure 48. I/O bus wiring example 1
Tracer MP581
EX2
EX2
EX2
EX2
Up to 1000 ft (300 m)
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Setting the I/O bus addresses
Setting the I/O bus addresses
Each EX2 on the link with the Tracer MP581 must have a unique
address. Configure the address using the DIP switches on the EX2 circuit
modules 1 through 4.
Figure 50. DIP switch on board
Table 23. EX2 DIP switch settings
EX2 module
D1
D2
1
2
3
4
Off
Off
On
On
Off
On
Off
On
Input/output terminal wiring
All input/output terminal wiring for the EX2 module must meet the fol-
lowing requirements:
•
•
•
•
•
All wiring must be in accordance with the National Electrical Code
and local codes.
Use only 18 AWG twisted-pair wire with stranded, tinned-copper
conductors.
Binary output wiring must not exceed 20 ft (6.1 m) and must be in
conduit.
Binary input wiring must not exceed 20 ft (6.1 m) and must be in
conduit.
Analog and 24 Vdc output wiring distances depend on the specifica-
tions of the receiving unit. Use shielding for analog and 24 Vdc
outputs.
•
Do not run input/output wires in the same wire bundle with ac-power
wires.
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Chapter 6 Installing the EX2 expansion module
The EX2 module has four binary outputs, four analog outputs, and six
universal inputs.
Universal inputs
Each of the six universal inputs may be configured as binary.
Binary outputs
The four binary outputs are form A (SPST) relay outputs. These relays
are not dry contacts; they switch 24 Vac. A pilot relay is required for any
application using dry contacts. Relays connected to the binary outputs on
the EX2 cannot exceed 6 VA or 0.25 A current draw at 24 Vac.
Analog outputs (UUKL nondedicated only)
Each of the four analog outputs may be configured as either of the
following:
•
•
0–10 Vdc
0–20 mA
Analog output and universal input
setup
Configure each analog output and universal input using a LonTalkser-
vice tool, such as Trane’s Rover service tool. The service tool requires the
Tracer MP581 software plug-in to configure an EX2. EX2 modules receive
their configuration information from the Tracer MP581 controller they
communicate with. You can do online configuration with the Rover ser-
vice tool, or you can do offline configuration with Rover Configuration
Builder. In either case, the EX2 modules will not receive their configura-
tion until they are communicating with a configured Tracer MP581 con-
troller.
The inputs are factory configured to be not used. Analog outputs are con-
sensor types and output devices.
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Chapter 6 Installing the EX2 expansion module
Interpreting EX2 LEDs
The information in this section will help you interpret LED activity on
Figure 52. LED locations on the EX2
Binary output LEDs
Status LED
TX and RX
communications LEDs
Binary output LEDs
The LEDs labeled LD2 through LD5 indicate the status of the four binary
Note:
Each binary output LED reflects the status of the output relay on the
circuit board. It may or may not reflect the status of the equipment
the binary output is controlling. Field wiring determines whether the
state of the binary output LED also applies to the status of the end
Table 24. Binary output LEDs
LED activity
Explanation
LED is on continuously
LED is off continuously
The relay output is energized.
The relay output is de-energized or there is no
power to the board.
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Interpreting EX2 LEDs
Status LED
The Status LED on the EX2 module operates differently from the status
Table 25. Status LED
LED activity
Explanation
LED is on continuously
LED blinks twice
Power is on and the unit is operating normally.
The EX2 has not received its configuration from
the Tracer MP580/581. Use the Rover service
tool to make sure that the Tracer MP580/581 is
correctly configured for use with the EX2 mod-
ule. Check the I/O bus wiring.
LED blinks once
The EX2 is not communicating on the I/O bus.
Check the communications LEDs described in
LED is off continuously
Either the power is off or the controller has
malfunctioned.
Communications LEDs
The LEDs labeled TX and RX indicate the communication status of the
Table 26. Communications LEDs
LED activity
Explanation
Both LEDs blink regularly
The EX2 is communicating with the Tracer
MP580/581 on the I/O bus. (If the LEDs blink nor-
mally but the EX2 is not working properly, make
sure that I/O bus addresses are not duplicated.)
Both LEDs are off
continuously
The EX2 is not communicating on the I/O bus.
Either the I/O bus wiring is faulty or the Tracer
MP580/581 has not been configured to use the
EX2 module. Use the Rover service tool to con-
figure the Tracer MP580/581 for use with the
EX2 module.
RX LED blinks,
TX LED is off
The EX2 is receiving communications from the
Tracer MP581 (either for itself or another EX2)
but cannot send communications. Either the
module is not configured in the Tracer MP580/
581 or its I/O bus address is incorrect. Use the
Rover service tool to configure the Tracer
MP580/581 for use with the EX2 module. Make
sure the DIP switches are set for the correct I/O
bus address (“Setting the I/O bus addresses” on
page 93).
RX LED is on continuously,
TX LED is off
Polarity is reversed on the I/O bus wiring. Swap
the wires at the plus (+) and minus (–) I/O bus
screw terminals on the EX2 module.
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Chapter 7
Programming
Programming occurs after hardware installation is complete. The smoke
control system must be programmed for automatic response, weekly self-
testing, end-process verification, and response to manual FSCS
commands.
Response times
Time response requirements must be kept in mind when programming.
Table 27. Time response requirements
Response time
10 seconds
Process
(UL 864: 49.2.a)
The maximum time allowed from when an acti-
vation signal is received until a fire or smoke
safety function is initiated. An activation signal
could be from the FACP of the FSCS.
15 seconds
The maximum time allowed between a feed-
back signal activation and an FSCS panel indi-
cation (either audio or LED). A feedback signal
will typically be a binary value, either hard-
wired or communicated.
60 seconds
75 seconds
200 seconds
(UL 864: 49.2.c)
Fan operation proof of desired state, either on
or off.
(UL 864: 49.2.c)
Damper position proof of desired position,
either open or closed.
(UL 864: 49.2.b)
The maximum time allowed between determi-
nation of a failure state of critical equipment or
process and notification of that failure. A failure
state could include communication failures or
equipment problems such as a fan not starting
as commanded.
Graphical Programming (TGP) programs can be run. Suggested program
rates are 2 seconds for communication watchdogs and 4–5 seconds for
control programs.
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Chapter 7 Programming
In general, the BCU cannot pass information faster than every 5 seconds.
This is the fastest a CPL routine can run. A BCU is included to collect
system events, such as communication failure, and allow a user a remote
connection to the system for status.
Operational priority
(UL 864: 49.10)
The following descending order of priority shall be followed in processing
smoke-control commands:
1. Manual activation and deactivation commands issued at the FSCS.
2. Manual activation and deactivation commands at other than the
FSCS.
3. Initial automatically actuated smoke-control sequence. The system
does not need to override any manual activation or de-activation
functions in place prior to the automatic control sequence.
4. All other manual or automatic operation used for normal building
operation.
For programming purposes, the priority list in descending order is:
1. Any manual control of dampers, fans, and smoke control panel
control.
2. Automatic smoke control system reaction.
3. System test processes such as normal HVAC control, lamp tests, or
system self-tests.
All of the above priorities refer to performance, not annunciation. For
instance, if a lamp test is running and a user overrides one of the
dampers, the annunciation (LED) may not change while the actuator
moves. In this case, the lamp test is not affecting system performance,
just annunciation. However, if a system self-test is running, either a
smoke alarm trigger or manual override will end the self-test. More
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Subsequent alarms
Table 28. Operational priority
Current state of system
System self-test
Manual
override
Automatic
smoke alarm
HVAC
(nondedicated)
Panel lamp test
N/A
Actuator is
overridden.
System self-test
ends.
Panel lamp test
can continue.
Actuator is
overridden.
Manual override
Affects all non-
overridden
actuators.
N/A
System self-test
ends.
Panel lamp test
ends.
HVAC system
operation is
completely
suspended.
Only smoke
purge operation
is allowed.
Automatic
smoke alarm
Systemself-test System self-test
N/A
Allowed. No
change.
System self-test
not used.
System self-test
Panel lamp test
is not allowed
to start.
is not allowed
to start.
Panel lamp test
is allowed to
start.
Panel lamp test
is not allowed
to start.
Panel lamp test
is allowed to
start.
N/A
Panel lamp test
is allowed to
start.
HVAC system
running, but
overridden
actuator will be
affected.
HVAC opera-
tion is not
allowed to start.
System self-test
not used.
HVAC opera-
tion continues.
N/A
HVAC
(nondedicated)
Subsequent alarms
(UL 864: 49.8)
When multiple input signals are received from more than one smoke zone
to initiate different automatic smoke-control sequence(s), the smoke-
control system shall continue automatic operation in the mode
determined by the first signal received.
Once a floor-based smoke alarm is activated, the system will react as if
that is the only alarm and will ignore all subsequent alarms, The supply,
return and stair shaft smoke alarms are still allowed to affect the supply,
return and stair shaft supply fans. Any reaction can be overridden at the
smoke control panel.
To ignore all subsequent floor alarms, the program fragment in Figure 53
triggered by any floor-based smoke alarm, it will be the only smoke alarm
reaction allowed. When the first alarm is received, it triggers two events;
it writes the floor of the smoke alarm to analog variable 1 and sets a
binary variable to hold the output at that value. That binary variable is
held until all alarms are cleared by the fire smoke control system.
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Chapter 7 Programming
The wireless connector, smokeAlarmFloor, is used for the following two
reasons:
•
Because smokeAlarmFloor clears the floor alarms value one program
execution sooner than when using just the binary variable, smoke
AlarmAllFloor
•
The relevant floor smoke alarm is communicated to the smoke control
panel and mechanical system via a custom binding.
Figure 53. Subsequent alarms—First reaction
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Smoke alarm annunciation
Smoke alarm annunciation
Systems serving two or more zones shall visually identify the zone of
origin of the status change (UL-864: 33.2.1). The visual annunciation
shall be capable of displaying all zones having a status change (UL-864:
33.2.2). These requirements are interpreted to mean that any smoke zone
alarm is annunciated by the smoke control panel regardless of alarm
order. If any smoke zone alarm is triggered, the alarm state is sent to
MP580 controllers that interface with and control the smoke control
requirements 33.2.1 and 33.2.2. An additional value, smokeAlarmAny, is
broadcast as a means to provide information for priority-based decisions
Figure 54. Smoke alarm annunciation
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Chapter 7 Programming
From requirements 33.2.1 and 33.2.2, we can see that there is a
decoupling between annunciation and reaction. The series of network
used to directly control the smoke alarm LEDs on the FSCP. For example,
a smoke alarm for floor 1 is received. The mechanical system reacts by
pressurizing floor 2 and exhausting floor 1. Following that, floor 2 goes
into smoke alarm. The alarm needs to be annunciated even though the
mechanical system does not react. In this case, nvoSwitch06 passes the
smoke alarm state to MP580-3 by using a custom binding. At MP580-3,
the binary output that controls the floor 2 smoke alarm LED is turned on.
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Weekly self-test of dedicated systems
Weekly self-test of dedicated systems
(UL-864: 49.7)
Dedicated smoke-control systems shall employ a weekly automatic self-
test (AST). The AST automatically commands activation of each
associated function. An audible and visual trouble signal shall be
annunciated at the FSCP, identifying any function that fails to operate
within the required time period. Nondedicated smoke control systems do
not require a scheduled AST.
Dedicated smoke control system equipment must be programmed to
automatically test itself on a weekly basis. The tests ensure that the
system will operate if needed. Nondedicated smoke control system
mechanical equipment is assumed to be tested by the working HVAC
system.
Two approaches can be used to test the mechanical function of the
system: either test each damper or fan as if it is being overridden from
the smoke control panel, or test the reaction to each floor alarm. The first
technique, which is the most comprehensive and requires the least
programming, will be discussed. In either case, a failure must be
annunciated at the smoke control panel both visually and audibly. It is
acceptable to use the Trouble LED, the relevant failure LED, and the
interior audio alert.
An AST can be triggered either from a BMTX BCU or manually at the
the AST. The scheduled trigger uses a Tracer Summit controlled binary
variable. To manually trigger the AST, the user disables the smoke
control panel and silences the audio alarms for 15 to 20 seconds. The AST
signal is then sent to the mechanical system control to start the self-test
smoke alarm will disable the AST.
Figure 55. Triggering the automatic self-test (AST)
At the receiving end of the AST signal is the mechanical system which is
under test. The automatic self-test is 10 minutes long. The outputs of the
program are system fault, damper direction (Open/Close) or fan state
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Chapter 7 Programming
(On/Off), self-test enable, and self-test reset. Damper direction and fan
state are set to Open/On for 5 minutes then Close/Off for 5 minutes.
There is also a “blink” function built into the program fragment.
Whenever the AST is enabled and there are no mechanical faults, the
trouble LED will blink.
Resetting mechanical system faults is somewhat ambiguous. If the fault
occurs in the smoke alarm mode, the alarm can be reset when the request
stops. However, an AST-based fault must be annunciated and held until
the fault is repaired. It is not clear what faults are allowed to clear the
alarm, as there is no “reset fault” function available on the smoke control
panel. Discussion with UL revealed that it is acceptable to annunciate the
alarm until the next AST. Thus, the selfTestFailReset binary variable,
Figure 56. Mechanical reactions during AST
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Weekly self-test of dedicated systems
[Figure 57 needs to be introduced.]
Figure 57. ast overridesense 3-13-2006
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Chapter 7 Programming
Figure 58 illustrates how adding self-testing to the system affects
programming for damper control on each floor. The self-test request
becomes another source of damper/fan control, along with automatic and
manual override self-tests. The existence of the self-test signal is
indicated by the binary variable, “selfTestEnable”. Once self-testing is
enabled, dampers and fans become controlled by a direction variable. The
variables, selfTestEnable and selfTestDirection, along with accompanying
switch logic are not necessary in non-dedicated systems.
Figure 58. Effect of AST on damper control
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End process verification
End process verification
End process verification confirms that a device responded to an operation
command. End process verification programming consists of:
•
Programming the system to test binary input points for responses to
commands sent to output points
•
Setting a counter to provide a time delay that allows the system time
to respond before setting a fail flag
•
•
Setting a fail flag if the counter times out
Programming the system to send a fail flag to Tracer MP581s
controlling the FSCS, which results in the FSCS turning on a fail
light
Figure 59 shows an example of TGP used to determine a status of the
outdoor air, return air, and exhaust air dampers. Each damper position
status is compared to the relevant damper position request and a normal/
fail state flag is derived. This segment will trigger an alarm event and
send a fail flag to the Tracer MP581 that interfaces with the FSCS panel.
A mechanical system reaction to the failure is not necessary.
either a smoke alarm is triggered or a manual override takes place.
Figure 59. Sample TGP showing fail test technique
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Figure 59 illustrates a basic actuator failure routine. Some changes are
necessary when automatic self-testing is added to the program. The
different ways of controlling an actuator have different means of resetting
a failure. The failure reset is automatic if a failure is discovered during an
automatic smoke alarm response or manual override from the smoke
control panel. The failure indication is only maintained while there is a
failure. On the other hand, the triggering of a system self-test, either
scheduled or manual, will reset any failures discovered during a previous
necessary to any dedicated system failure test routine. In either case, the
connected BCU should be programmed to store the actuator failure in the
alarm log.
Binary variable 21 goes true for a minimum of 10 seconds whenever a
any stored failures from a previous system self-test.
Figure 60. ast actuator fail checka 3-13-06
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Chapter 7 Programming
Communication watchdog
Since multiple Tracer MP581s are used to interface with the mechanical
equipment and FACP and FSCS panels, checking communications
between each MP581 and BCU is necessary. Three different
communication systems are used: BCU to MP581 (auto-bind), MP581 to
MP581 (custom bind), and MP581 to EX2. The BCU cannot determine
communication status of custom bindings.
One Tracer MP581 should be chosen to be the communication watchdog.
Otherwise, the number of watchdog timers and Tracer MP581
permutations may exceed binding limits.
Figure 62 on page 113 illustrates the communication watchdog
the transmitting and receiving units, respectively. From the point of view
of the receiving MP581, this technique tests whether the central unit can
transmit by u sing a custom binding. As long as the programmer chooses
to test from both ends, this process will fully test the communication
status of the MP581-to-MP581 system. Other communication status such
as that of the I/O bus (EX2 modules) and BMTX BCU can also be
transferred to the central MP581.
The basic watchdog method consists of sending an alternating signal from
one MP581 to another MP581. A custom binding is necessary for the
MP581-to-MP581 communication link. Although there are many ways to
bind the two devices, for this example use MP581-2/nvoswitch36 to
MP581-1/nviSwitch38. Whenever nviSwitch38 goes from false to true, a
retriggerable latch block is triggered, holding its output state to true
When a number of stat changes are missed—typically three—an alarm
event will be triggered at the BCU. It may be necessary to adjust the
delay time of the latch block to avoid false communication alarms.
A response to communication status is necessary only if communication
fails at any level. According to UL, a mechanical system reaction to
communication loss is not necessary. Local requirements may require a
mechanical reaction to communication loss.
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Communication watchdog
Figure 62. Watchdog communication relationship between a system
MP581 and the central FSCP control MP581
Figure 63. Sample TGP showing transmitting during watchdog
communication process]
Figure 64. Sample TGP showing watchdog signal receive process
There are three communication signals used in the smoke control system:
BCU to MP581, MP581 to MP581, and MP581 to EX-2. The status of all
three communication types needs to be indicated at the smoke control
panel. Each MP581 collects communication status information from the
connected BCU and its associated EX-2 modules and transmits the status
back to the smoke control panel MP581. A custom binding, MP580-1/
nvoSwitch39 to MP580-2/nviSwitch37, is used to send the collected status
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Chapter 7 Programming
information. A program fragment illustrating the collection process is
Figure 65. Collection of Tracer and EX2 communication status at an
individual MP581
Figure 65 also shows that each MP581 in the smoke control system
should send back its won watchdog signal to the main FSCP control
MP581.
At the main FSCP control MP581, all the communication status signals
are collected together to determine overall communication status.
Figure 66 on page 115 shows a TGP sample of the programming. Each
MP581 in the smoke control system sends its own watchdog signal, its
Tracer Summit communication status, and its EX-2 module
communication status. In addition, the main FSCP control MP581 will
have its own Tracer Summit communication status and EX-2 module
communication to determine and add to the calculation. The Comm Fault
LED should indicate if any communication link in the system is not
working correctly.
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Communication watchdog
Figure 66. Determining overall communication status for the system
Finally, the FSCP Comm Fault LED is controlled. A sample TGP
fragment is shown in Figure 67. The FSCP Comm Fault LED is also
controlled by the lamp test function. If a lamp test is not currently
running, the FSCP Comm Fault is controlled by the overall
communication status of the system.
Figure 67. Control of the FSCP Comm Fault LED
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Chapter 7 Programming
Lamp test and audio alarm silence
A lamp test must be performed for every FSCS panel. This test will cause
all indicator lights to come on. However, an alarm takes precedence over
a lamp test relevant to its own LEDs while broadcasting a lamp test
request to other Tracer MP581s. An audible alarm test and silence
routine are included.
Figure 68. Sample TGP showing lamp test and audio alarm silence
routine
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Lamp test and audio alarm silence
Triggering a lamp test affects all LEDs on the smoke control panel.
Figure 69 shows an example of how to use the lamp test signal in
combination with any smoke alarm information.
Note:
Note that the lamp test is not allowed to start or run if there is
a smoke alarm.
Figure 69. Example of lamp test controlling FSCP damper LEDs
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Chapter 7 Programming
Nondedicated smoke purge
(UL-864: 3.21.h)
The term nondedicated refers to a system that provides the building’s
HVAC functioning under normal conditions and a smoke control objective
during a fire alarm condition.
The main concern when designing a nondedicated system is for
programming to ensure that, once a smoke alarm or FSCP override
occurs, any component of the smoke control system is controlled solely by
automatic smoke control or manual override commands. For details
Figure 70 shows an example of programming for a nondedicated system
dampers for Floor 1 are controlled. The actuator position, either Open or
Closed, will default to whatever the HVAC system commands. There are
two states that will turn control over to either automatic smoke control or
FSCP overrides:
•
•
If the broadcast general smoke alarm is TRUE, or
If the FSCP override switch is set to either Open or Closed.
Figure 70. Implementing priorities for a nondedicated system:
Controlling damper actuators
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Variable-air-volume system
Variable-air-volume system
For variable-air-volume (VAV) systems, some form of duct pressure relief
is required on each floor or in each smoke control zone. In smoke control
mode, all return and supply fans will be set to their highest speed. If the
VAV dampers are closed when this occurs, the duct pressure may be
enough to damage the ductwork. To avoid this possibility, duct pressure
relief dampers, either DDC or mechanically controlled, should be
installed in the ductwork for each smoke control zone.
It should be noted that careful sizing of smoke control supply air damper
and relief damper is necessary to use smoke purge and protect dampers.
Constant-volume system
For constant-volume systems in smoke control mode return/exhaust
dampers are open. Therefore, separate duct pressure relief is not
required, but may be necessary on each floor or in each smoke control
zone, as it is for VAV systems. Supply dampers should be sized such that
any one damper can spill an adequate amount of air.
UL-tested programs
This application guide showed only excerpts of UL-tested TGP programs.
Programs in their entirety can be found and downloaded from the GCS
Product Support Web site. These programs may or may not meet local
smoke alarm requirements. In all cases, defer to local smoke control
specifications.
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Chapter 8
Network variable bindings
Overview
The LonTalk communications protocol allows data to be shared between
devices (stand-alone or with a BAS) on a LonTalk network. This is called
peer-to-peer communication. As an example of peer-to-peer communica-
tion, two or more devices serving the same space share data, such as a
temperature reading, without having to pass the data through a BAS.
Network variables are used to share data between devices. The method
used to direct data from one device to another is called network variable
binding, or just binding. A network variable output from one device is
bound to a network variable input on another device. An output variable
from one device can be bound to input variables on many other devices.
Binding network variables
Each network variable is a standard type. This standard type is referred
to as a standard network variable type (SNVT). To bind two variables
together they must be the same SNVT. For example, an output of type
SNVT_temp_p can only be bound to an input of type SNVT_temp_p. For
more information about SNVTs, see the LonMark™ Web site (www.lon-
mark.org). From that Web site you can download the official list of
SNVTs.
IMPORTANT
Only LonTalk devices can use network variable binding. Devices on
other communications links do not have this capability.
BAS communications typically do not require the use of network variable
binding because a Tracer Summit BCU will automatically bind to the
proper data in a device. However, communications speed may be
increased between two devices by binding their data rather than having
the BAS read the information from one device and then broadcast it to
another.
Use the Rover service tool to create bindings. (See the Rover Operation
and Programming guide, EMTX-SVX01E-EN.)
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Chapter 8 Network variable bindings
Tracer MP580/581 bindings
This section discusses which network variables will be necessary to
achieve UUKL time performance requirements. Only “generic” network
variables, which are neither Space Comfort Controller (SCC) or Discharge
Air Controller (DAC), are necessary. Use of generic variables does not
affect either BCU auto-bound network variables or SCC or DAC based
network variables.
Receiving data
A network variable input (nvi) receives data from other devices on the
LonTalk network. The generic network variable inputs, nviSwitch and
nviPercent, that are commonly used in Tracer MP580/581 bindings are
Table 29. Tracer MP580/581 generic network variable inputs
Variable name
SNVT
Data type
Description
nviSwitch01 …
nviSwitch40
SNVT_switch
Binary
Bind to these 40 network variable inputs to communi-
cate binary values to the device.
nviPercent01 …
nviPercent20
SNVT_lev_percent
Analog
Bind to these 20 network variable inputs to communi-
cate levels in percent to the device. The valid range is
from –163.84% to 163.83% with a resolution of 0.005%.
Sending data
A network variable output (nvo) sends data to other devices on the Lon-
Talk network. The generic network variable outputs, nvoSwitch and nvo-
Percent, that are commonly used in Tracer MP580/581 bindings are
Table 30. Tracer MP580/581 generic network variable outputs
Variable name
SNVT
Data type
Description
nvoSwitch01 …
nvoSwitch40
SNVT_switch
Binary
These 40 network variable outputs communicate binary
values to other devices.
nvoPercent01 …
nvoPercent20
SNVT_lev_percent
Analog
These 20 network variable outputs communicate levels
in percent to other devices. The valid range is from –
163.84% to 163.83% with a resolution of 0.005%.
Heartbeated network variables
All necessary information can be sent using nvoSwitch (SNVT_switch)
and nvoPercent (SNVT_lev_percent), which are “heartbeated” variables.
All necessary information can be received using nviSwitch
(SNVT_switch) and nviPercent (SNVT_lev_percent). Heartbeated
variables are a means of indicating freshness of information and/or
quality of the communication link. For more information regarding
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Custom bindings
Custom bindings
A distinction is made between FSCP and mechanical system control in
this section. While smoke control panel processing is predictable,
mechanical system processing (actuators, feedback validation) is
unknown. It is limited to approximately five smoke control zones based
on the UUKL-approved smoke control panel. Because the number and
application of each MP581 and EX2 modules is unknown, the mechanical
system will be represented as a “cloud.”
The recommended smoke control system design is to have one MP580/581
assigned as the “communication clearing house” or hub. It may be
necessary to use two or more hubs, one for panel control and another
hub(s) for the mechanical system. This design will simplify the binding
creation process and makes the system more scalable. For more
information regarding the limitations placed on custom binding and
recommendations regarding custom binding design, see “Understanding
in the tested UUKL system to send information between MP580s. The
system programmer can use whatever bindings and variables are
necessary.
UUKL binding list (watchdog communication)
“Trouble signals and their restoration to normal shall be annunciated
within 200 seconds of the occurrence of the adverse condition, fault, or the
restoration to normal.” (UL-864: 49.2.b)
As there is no built in means of verifying inter-MP581 communication
status, a programmed solution must be used. While a network variable
“heartbeat” can be used to verify status, it can take up to 300 seconds for
a communication failure to be noticed. This solution would fail to meet
the requirement given in previous paragraph. The tested solution is
based on a “watchdog” style where a continuously changing network
variable triggers a timer every time it changes state. As long as the timer
never expires, it is assumed that the two devices are communicating. In
this fashion, a communication failure can be annunciated within 60
seconds.
Table 31 on page 124 shows an example of a custom binding list. One
group binding binds MP580-2, which is the hub, to all other MP581s (for
an explanation of group bindings, see “Understanding bindings” on
page 130). The “watchdog” signal sent to the group is used by each
receiver to confirm communications from the hub unit. The hub unit is
able to validate communications from each of other MP581s using their
individual “watchdog” signals. These bindings are point-to-point based.
There may be two hubs in the system, one used with the FSCP and other
within the mechanical system. The need for a second hub will be driven
by the size of the mechanical system involved. Figure 71 on page 125
illustrates watchdog communication between MP581s in a hub-based
system.
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Chapter 8 Network variable bindings
variable whose state is changed regularly. The receiver expects this value
to change state within a certain interval. If it does not, a communication
fault is generated. The term comm. status is used to indicate a network
variable whose state is dependent on that particular MP581’s EX2 and
BMTX communication status. If either are down, a communication fault
is generated.
Table 31. Watchdog communication alarm custom bindings
Network
variable
Function
Originator
MP580-2
Destination
Communication check from hub
multi-vibrator
nvoSwitch36
nvoSwitch36
nvoSwitch36
nvoSwitch38
Mechanical system/nviSwitch38
MP580-3/nviSwitch38
MP580-4/nviSwitch38
Communication check to hub
multi-vibrator
Mechanical system
MP580-2/nviSwitch34
Communication check to hub:
FSCP unit multi-vibrator
MP580-3
nvoSwitch38
nvoSwitch38
nvoSwitch39
MP580-2/nviSwitch35
MP580-2/nviSwitch36
MP580-2/nviSwitch37
MP580-4
BMTX/EX2 communication
check
Mechanical system
BMTX/EX2 communication
check to FSCP unit comm. status
MP580-3
MP580-4
nvoSwitch39
nvoSwitch39
MP580-2/nviSwitch38
MP580-2/nviSwitch39
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UUKL binding list (smoke alarm status)
Table 32 shows an example list of smoke alarm custom bindings. In order
to comply with UL-864 annunciation and control requirements, smoke
alarm signals are sent to the mechanical system, FSCP lamps, and audio
alarms (Sonalerts). Smoke alarms specific to a zone are broadcast to
annunciate smoke alarms regardless of control sequence. A general
smoke alarm is broadcast to signal a switch from HVAC control mode to a
smoke control mode. Floor alarms are sent as an analog value to comply
with the subsequent alarms requirement.
Table 32. Smoke alarm custom bindings
Function Originator
Smoke alarm any MP580-2
Network variable
Destination
nvoSwitch02
nvoSwitch02
nvoSwitch02
nvoSwitch05
nvoSwitch05
nvoSwitch06
nvoSwitch06
nvoSwitch07
nvoSwitch07
nvoSwitch08
nvoSwitch08
nvoSwitch09
nvoSwitch09
nvoSwitch10
nvoSwitch10
nvoSwitch11
nvoSwitch11
nvoSwitch12
nvoPercent20
nvoPercent20
nvoPercent20
Mechanical system /nviSwitch37
MP580-3/nviSwitch37
MP580-4/nviSwitch37
smokeAlarmFloor01
smokeAlarmFloor02
smokeAlarmFloor03
smokeAlarmFloor04
supplyDuctSmokeDetect
returnDuctSmokeDetect
stairDuctSmokeDetect
MP580-2
MP580-2
MP580-2
MP580-2
MP580-2
MP580-2
MP580-2
Mechanical system /nviSwitch20
MP580-3/nviSwitch09
Mechanical system/nviSwitch21
MP580-3/nviSwitch12
Mechanical system/nviSwitch22
MP580-4/nviSwitch08
Mechanical system/nviSwitch23
MP580-4/nviSwitch11
Mechanical system/nviSwitch30
MP580-3/nviSwitch06
Mechanical system/nviSwitch31
MP580-4/nviSwitch05
Mechanical system/nviSwitch32
MP580-4/nviSwitch01
stairShaftSmokeDetect
smokeFloorAlarm
MP580-2
MP580-2
Mechanical system/nviSwitch33
Mechanical system/nviPercent20
MP580-3/nviPercent20
MP580-4/nviPercent20
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Custom bindings
UUKL binding list (FCSP override control)
Table 33 shows an example list of FSCP override custom bindings.
Override commands from the FSCP are sent directly to the mechanical
system.
Table 33. FSCP override custom bindings
Function
Originator
Network variable
Destination
supplyFanManControl
MP580-3
nvoPercent01
nvoPercent02
nvoPercent03
nvoPercent04
nvoPercent05
nvoPercent01
nvoPercent02
nvoPercent03
nvoPercent04
nvoPercent05
nvoPercent01
Mechanical system/nviPercent10
Mechanical system/nviPercent02
Mechanical system/nviPercent03
Mechanical system/nviPercent04
Mechanical system/nviPercent05
Mechanical system/nviPercent11
Mechanical system/nviPercent06
Mechanical system/nviPercent07
Mechanical system/nviPercent08
Mechanical system/nviPercent09
Mechanical system/nviPercent01
supplyDamperManFloor01
returnDamperManFloor01
supplyDamperManFloor02
returnDamperManFloor02
returnFanManControl
MP580-3
MP580-3
MP580-3
MP580-3
MP580-4
MP580-4
MP580-4
MP580-4
MP580-4
MP580-2
supplyDamperManFloor03
returnDamperManFloor03
supplyDamperManFloor04
returnDamperManFloor04
stairFanManControl
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Chapter 8 Network variable bindings
UUKL binding list (actuator Open/Close or
On/Off status)
Table 34 shows an example list of actuator status custom bindings.
Actuator Open/Close or On/Off status is sent from the mechanical system
directly to the FSCP.
Table 34. Actuator status custom bindings
Function
Originator
Network variable
Destination
supplyFanStatus
Mechanical system
Mechanical system
Mechanical system
Mechanical system
Mechanical system
Mechanical system
Mechanical system
Mechanical system
Mechanical system
Mechanical system
Mechanical system
Mechanical system
Mechanical system
Mechanical system
nvoSwitch01
nvoSwitch02
nvoPercent01
nvoPercent04
nvoPercent05
nvoPercent06
nvoPercent07
nvoPercent08
nvoPercent09
nvoPercent10
nvoPercent11
nvoPercent12
nvoPercent13
nvoPercent14
MP580-3/nviSwitch04
MP580-4/nviSwitch03
MP580-2/nviPercent02
MP580-3/nviPercent01
MP580-2/nviPercent01
MP580-4/nviPercent01
MP580-3/nviPercent02
MP580-3/nviPercent03
MP580-3/nviPercent04
MP580-3/nviPercent05
MP580-4/nviPercent02
MP580-4/nviPercent03
MP580-4/nviPercent04
MP580-4/nviPercent05
returnFanStatus
stairFanStatus
oaDamperStatus
raDamperStatus
eaDamperStatus
supplyDamperFloor01
returnDamperFloor01
supplyDamperFloor02
returnDamperFloor02
supplyDamperFloor03
returnDamperFloor03
supplyDamperFloor04
returnDamperFloor04
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Custom bindings
UUKL binding list (actuator failure status)
Table 35 shows an example list of actuator failure status bindings.
Actuator failure status is sent directly from the mechanical system to the
FSCP.
Table 35. Actuator failure status bindings
Function
Originator
Network variable
Destination
supplyFanFail
Mechanical system
Mechanical system
Mechanical system
Mechanical system
Mechanical system
Mechanical system
Mechanical system
Mechanical system
Mechanical system
Mechanical system
Mechanical system
Mechanical system
Mechanical system
Mechanical system
Mechanical system
nvoSwitch20
nvoSwitch21
nvoSwitch22
nvoSwitch23
nvoSwitch24
nvoSwitch25
nvoSwitch26
nvoSwitch27
nvoSwitch28
nvoSwitch29
nvoSwitch30
nvoSwitch31
nvoSwitch32
nvoSwitch33
nvoSwitch40
MP580-3/nviSwitch05
MP580-4/nviSwitch04
MP580-3/nviSwitch03
MP580-2/nviSwitch01
MP580-4/nviSwitch02
MP580-2/nviSwitch02
MP580-3/nviSwitch07
MP580-3/nviSwitch08
MP580-3/nviSwitch10
MP580-3/nviSwitch11
MP580-4/nviSwitch06
MP580-4/nviSwitch07
MP580-4/nviSwitch09
MP580-4/nviSwitch10
MP580-2/nviSwitch04
returnFanFail
oadamperFail
radamperFail
eadamperFail
stairFanFail
supplyDamperFloor01Fail
returnDamperFloor01Fail
supplyDamperFloor02Fail
returnDamperFloor02Fail
supplyDamperFloor03Fail
returnDamperFloor03Fail
supplyDamperFloor04Fail
returnDamperFloor04Fail
checkSupervisedCircuits
UUKL binding list (FSCP control)
Table 36 shows an example list of smoke control panel control custom
bindings. Smoke control panel commands affect all MP581s panel control
units.
Table 36. Smoke control panel control custom bindings
Function
Originator
MP580-2
Network variable
Destination
MP580-3/nviSwitch40
lampTest
nvoSwitch01
nvoSwitch01
nvoSwitch03
nvoSwitch03
MP580-4/nviSwitch40
MP580-3/nviSwitch36
MP580-4/nviSwitch36
panel enable/disable
MP580-2
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Chapter 8 Network variable bindings
UUKL binding list (automatic self-test trigger and
status)
Table 37 shows an example list of actuator failure status bindings. Only
dedicated smoke control systems require a scheduled self-testing. Once
the self-test is triggered, a status signal is sent to the panel trouble LED
to blink.
Table 37. Actuator failure status bindings
Function
Originator
Network variable
Destination
systemSelfTest
selfTestEnable
MP580-2
Mechanical system
nvoSwitch13
nvoSwitch04
Mechanical system/nviSwitch36
MP580-2/nviSwitch05
Custom binding report
It is strongly recommended that a custom binding report be done during
and at the end of each custom binding session. The *.csv (comma
separated variables) is the most useful type for this report. It can easily
be opened as a spreadsheet and formatted. If it is necessary to repair the
custom bindings later, this file can be used as a resource to recreate the
custom bindings.
Understanding bindings
Network variable (NV) bindings provide a valuable way to share data on
a LonTalk® link, but there are some limitations to keep in mind during
the system design process. This section will help you understand the
essential concepts involved in bindings, as well as their limitations.
The Echelon Corporation, the company that created LonWorks® and the
LonTalk protocol, refers to bindings as connections. Echelon defines
connections as “the implicit addressing established during binding. A
connection links one or more logical outputs, network variables, to one or
more logical inputs.”
Bindings provide a very efficient way to communicate. Data updates are
sent from the output NV(s) to the input NV(s) only when necessary. When
they are sent, they get to their destination quickly—typically, in less than
a half-second.
An update to an output NV occurs when either of the following occur:
•
•
•
A binary value changes state
An analog value changes by more than a pre-programmed delta value
A heartbeat timer expires
This peer-to-peer event-driven communications model often provides
better performance than a master-slave and/or scan-type communications
model. It is one of the key advantages of LonTalk.
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Understanding bindings
A heartbeated network variable has a timer associated with it. When the
timer expires, the heartbeated network variable is sent regardless of
change of state or delta value of that network variable. Heartbeating
functions both as an indicator of value “freshness” and an indicator of the
quality of communications between two devices. From the perspective of a
terminal device, value freshness is most important. From the perspective
of the building automation system, communication quality is most
Node
Nodes can be any LonTalk-compatible devices, such as appliances,
switches, sensors, Tracer MP581s, and Tracer Summit BMTX BCUs, that
are connected to a Trane LonTalk network. For the purposes of a UUKL-
compliant system, a node is either a Tracer MP581 or a Tracer Summit
BMTX BCU.
Network Address
Nodes have network addresses, which are used to send messages and to
determine if messages are destined for them. A node’s network address
consists of three components:
•
•
•
The domain to which the node belongs
The subnet to which the node belongs within the domain
The node number within the subnet
Domain, subnet, and node number are used to determine a custom bound
variable’s origin and destination(s).
Binding types
The custom bindings necessary to use in a smoke control system fall into
the following two categories:
•
Subnet/node: A one-to-one binding in which one output NV is bound
to one input NV.
•
Group: A one-to-many binding in which one output NV is bound to
two or more input NVs.
Basic binding shapes and the hub/target system
A one-to-one binding is always a subnet/node binding type. A binding
with a fan-out shape is always a group binding type. A binding with a fan-
in shape is always made up of several subnet/node bindings. Fan-in and
fan-out bindings can have an unlimited number of members. Custom fan-
in bindings are not necessary for the smoke control system. The target
network variable will change value depending on which output network
variable was last sent. There is no way to determine the origin of the
information.
Echelon uses a hub/target system to describe the parts of a binding. As
the term implies, there can be only one hub in a binding. The hub is the
focal point of either a fan-out or fan-in binding. The targets are at the
other end of the hub. It is important to remember that the hub and
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Chapter 8 Network variable bindings
targets can be either input NVs or output NVs, depending on the shape of
the binding. For a one-to-one binding, the hub/target model loses its
meaning, and either side of the binding could be the hub or the target.
The Rover service tool does not indicate the shape or the type of the
binding. It is up to you to look at the binding summary and determine the
binding and a three-member fan-in binding as they would look in Rover.
Notice that the hub variable is repeated for each target variable.
Figure 72. Rover's view of a fan-out binding
Figure 73. Rover's view of a fan-in binding
Address table
A device’s address table resides in non-volatile memory. The address table
serves several functions. Its main purpose is to hold the network (DSN) or
group addresses of the devices that will receive outgoing binding data.
Subnet/node bindings use DSN destinations in the sending device’s
corresponding address table entries. Group bindings use group address
destinations in the sending device’s corresponding address table entries.
Another purpose of the address table is to define group membership for
receiving devices. This allows a receiving device in a group binding to
know that it is a member of a given group so that it can accept or reject
bound message packets accordingly. A LonWorks device can be a member
of up to 15 groups, a limit that is directly associated with the size of the
address table. The limit of 15 address table entries will be a constraint
when designing bindings.
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Understanding bindings
The address table consists of the following elements (refer to column
•
Use Domain at Index: This number represents a pointer or reference
to a table entry in the Domain table. For Trane devices, the value at
index (or row) 0 will be a decimal 17.
•
Group Number or Subnet Address field: The function varies
depending on the binding type. For group bindings, the group number
is stored here. For subnet/node bindings, the subnet address is stored
here.
•
•
Group Member at Node Address field: This varies depending on the
binding type. The group member specifies a unique number for each
member of a group binding.
Group Size field: This specifies the total number of members in the
group binding.
which lists a device at DSN 17-1-8 as the destination. And it shows that
the device is the second member of Group 1, which has a total of three
members.
Table 38. Address table
Group
Group
Use
Domain at
Index
Numberor Memberof
Addr
index
Binding
type
Subnet
Address
Node
Address
Group Size
0
1
subnet/node
group
0
0
1
1
8
2
n/a
3
2
unbound
unbound
unbound
3
14
Designing bindings
On a LonWorks job, binding connections should be designed and
documented just like wiring connections are designed and documented on
shop drawings. Follow these rules, limits, and the methodology provided
when designing bindings:
Binding rules and limits
1. Bindings can be made only between NVs that have the same network
variable type (SNVT or UNVT).
For example, nvoSpaceTemp is of type SNVT_temp_p and nviSpaceT-
emp is also of type SNVT_temp_p, so these two variables can be
bound. Rover takes care of matching network variable types for you,
but during design, this fundamental rule should be kept in mind.
2. Unique subnet/node binding types consume an address table entry on
the sending device only.
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Chapter 8 Network variable bindings
A unique subnet/node binding type is a specific path from device X to
device Y. Any number of actual network variable bindings could be
built upon this path (see below). Regardless of the number of bindings
built on a given path, only one address table entry will be consumed
on the sending device. Note that this rule applies to subnet/node bind-
ings that are part of one-to-one binding shapes or fan-in binding
shapes.
3. Unique group binding types consume an address table entry on all
devices in the group.
A unique group binding type is a specific fan-out path from device X
to a specific set of target devices (for example, Y and Z). Any number
of actual network variable bindings could be built upon this path (see
below). If another sending device and/or another set of target devices
is necessary, a new group is needed and another address table entry
will be consumed in each group member.
4. Each LonWorks device has a maximum of 15 address table entries.
This limit applies to all LonWorks devices: Neuron-based devices,
host-based devices (including the BCU), and hybrid devices. Note that
the Tracer VV550/551 is an exception; it has only 14 available
address table entries.
5. A maximum of 256 groups are possible per domain.
This limit should not be a factor in most designs.
6. A group binding that uses acknowledged service can have a maximum
of 64 members. A group binding that uses unacknowledged or
unacknowledged repeated service can have an unlimited number of
members.
Stacking bindings on unique binding paths
Once a binding has been created, a unique path exists that is defined in
the address tables. It is important to understand that these unique paths
can be reused by additional bindings without consuming additional
address table entries.
A unique path is possible for subnet/node binding types (one-to-one or
each piece of a fan-in) and group binding types (fan-out). A unique path is
defined by a sending hub and a specific set of receiving target devices.
below will consume one entry, the domain/subnet/node of MP581-B, in
MP581-A’s address table. They will not consume any entries in MP581-
B’s address table. Only MP581-A is the transmitter in this example. This
is a subnet/node binding. A good analogy would be that the road between
MP581-A and MP581-B has already been laid down (in one direction).
Any other information needed to flow between those two devices has a
well defined route already available.
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Understanding bindings
Figure 74. One-way subnet/node binding
consume an address table entry in both MP581-A and MP581-B. Both
MP581s are now transmitters of data. Both are subnet/node bindings.
Figure 75. Two-way subnet/node bindings
address table, an entry number and group number are listed. A group
binding made in this way is also called a fan-out binding.
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Chapter 8 Network variable bindings
Figure 76. Group binding
consists of MP581-A, B, and C while the other has members MP581-A, B,
C, and D. Even though one is a subset of the other, it is set apart by
having a different amount of members. In this case, MP581-A, B and C
have two group entries in their respective address table. MP581-D has
just one group entry in its address table.
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Understanding bindings
Figure 77. Group binding uniqueness
When a group binding is made, all members of the group have an entry in
their address table defining which group, what their member number is
within that group and size of the group. Once this entry is made, any
member of the group can now transmit information to the other members
For example, the user defines a group binding which has Device A
sending nvoSwitch01 to Device B and Device C. When the binding is
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Chapter 8 Network variable bindings
made, each member of the group has a entry made in its address table.
For this example, all the devices are in Group 1. Now the user defines a
second group binding with Device B transmitting nvoSwitch01 to Device
A and Device C.
But this definition has exactly the same membership list as in Group 1.
No additional entry into the address table is necessary to define the
same entry in each devices address table.
Figure 78. Group bindings with the same membership
MP581-A, B, C and D have one group entry in their address tables.
MP581-A has 1 subnet/node entry in its address table.
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Chapter 8 Network variable bindings
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Appendix A
References
Huggett, C. 1980. Estimation of Rate of Heat Release by Means of Oxygen
Consumption Measurements, Fire and Materials, Vol. 4, No. 2, June.
Klote, J.H. 1994. Method of Predicting Smoke Movement in Atria With
Application to Smoke Management, National Institute of Standards and
Technology, NISTIR 5516.
Klote, J.K. and Milke, J.A. 1992. Design of Smoke Management Systems,
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning
Engineers, Atlanta, GA.
NFPA 1995. Guide for Smoke Management Systems in Malls, Atria, and
Large Areas, NFPA 92B, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy,
MA.
NFPA 1996. Recommended Practice for Smoke Control Systems, NFPA
92A, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA.
NFPA 1996. Standard for the Installation of Air Conditioning and
Ventilating Systems, NFPA 90A, National Fire Protection Association,
Quincy, MA.
NFPA 1997. Life Safety Code, NFPA 101, National Fire Protection
Association, Quincy, MA.
SFPE 1995. Fire Protection Engineering Handbook, National Fire
Protection Association, Quincy, MA.
Tamura, G.T. 1994. Smoke Movement & Control in High-Rise Buildings,
MA.
UL 555S, Standard for Smoke Dampers, Underwriters Laboratories Inc.,
333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062.
UL 864, Standard for Control Units and Accessories for Fire Alarm
Systems, Underwriters Laboratories Inc., 333 Pfingsten Road,
Northbrook, IL 60062.
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Appendix A References
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Literature Order Number
File Number
BAS-APG001-EN
SV-ES-BAS-APG001-0906
SV-ES-BAS-APG001-09-00
Inland
Supersedes
Stocking Location
Trane
A business of American Standard Companies
www.trane.com
For more information, contact your local Trane
office or e-mail us at comfort@trane.com
Trane has a policy of continuous product and product data improvement and reserves the right to
change design and specifications without notice. Only qualified technicians should perform the installa-
tion and servicing of equipment referred to in this publication.
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