Applications Engineering
ZigBee Demo
Kit (ZDK)
RZB-ZMD16C-ZDK
User’s Manual
Version 1.2
August 2006
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Appendix B. Reference Manuals................................................................................................................ 25
Appendix D. Board Schematic & BOM....................................................................................................... 28
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1.0 Introduction
The RZB-ZMD16C-ZDK kit is a low-cost ZigBee demonstration kit for evaluating wireless ZigBee
connectivity solutions based on the Renesas M16C/28 group of microcontrollers (MCU).
A small ZigBee Personal Area Network (PAN) can be set up, monitored and analyzed with the included
hardware and software.
The kit contains one RF Sniffer board that connects to a PC’s USB port via an RTA-FoUSB-MON unit,
which comes pre-programmed to function as the RF Sniffer Interface (RFSI). RF Sniffer software installed
on the PC allows you to record and analyze ZigBee data packets. The software can also display the
network topology of a ZigBee network. For more information on the RF Sniffer software and hardware,
see the RF Sniffer User’s Manual, accessible via Start > (All) Programs > Renesas > RF SnifferV.x.xx
A second RTA-FoUSB-MON unit included in the kit comes pre-programmed to function as a Flash
Programmer and In-Circuit-Debugger (ICD). Three ZigBee Demonstration Kit (ZDK) boards come pre-
programmed with demo software that allows you to quickly set up a small ZigBee PAN comprised of a
ZigBee network Coordinator and two ZigBee network Routers.
The kit comes with a complete software development tool chain for Renesas MCUs, including High-
performance Embedded Workshop (HEW), which includes Integrated Development Environment (IDE),
Graphical User Interface (GUI) and Software Debugger; NC30WA C-compiler, assembler and linker; and
Flash-over-USB™ (FoUSB) Programming software.
A real-time, source-level debug environment is implemented using the HEW debugging interface with the
RTA-FoUSB-MON Flash Programmer/ICD. The Flash-over-USBTM (FoUSB) Programmer software, in
combination with the ICD, allows in-system programming of the M16C/28 Flash MCUs on the ZDK and
RF Sniffer target boards.
The ICD and firmware provide a convenient Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface between the ZDK
boards and the host PC. This interface reduces resource requirements on the M16C/28 MCU and allows
faster code downloads. It also can be used with many other Renesas Flash MCUs, starter kits, and your
own Renesas MCU-based target boards.
This ZDK provides a ZigBee stack and a real-time operating system (RTOS) for the stack in binary form.
Your own application code can interface to the ZigBee stack via documented Application Programming
Interface
(API)
function
calls.
Two
binary
files
are
provided
in
the
directory
C:\Renesas\RZB_ZMD16C_ZDK\ZbRom:
ZbRom_ZMD28_FFD_Vxx.motcontains the ZigBee stack and RTOS for Full Function Devices (FFD), i.e.
ZigBee Routers or Coordinators. The module also contains all necessary MCU initialization routines.
ZbRom_ZMD28_RFD_Vxx.mot contains the ZigBee stack and RTOS for Reduced Function Devices
(RFD), i.e. ZigBee End Devices. It has a smaller memory footprint than the FFD binary, leaving more
memory available for your own application code. The module also contains all necessary MCU
initialization routines.
Sample projects for the Renesas High-performance Embedded Workshop (HEW) allow you to quickly
create your own ZigBee coordinator, router or end device.
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2.0 Contents of Product Package
This section describes the contents of the RZB-ZMD16C-ZDK product package. When unpacking your
RZB-ZMD16C-ZDK, please check to see that all items listed below are included.
2.1. RZB-ZMD16C-ZDK ZigBee Demonstration Kit Item List
Table 2-1 lists the items included in the RZB-ZMD16C-ZDK.
Table 2-1 RZB-ZMD16C-ZDK Item List
Item Name
RZB-ZMD16C-ZDK Board
Quantity
Remarks
ZigBee Demo Kit (ZDK) Boards, pre-programmed with
demo software
3
RF Sniffer Board
1
RF Sniffer Board, pre-programmed with Sniffer
firmware
RTA-FoUSB-MON (ICD)
RTA-FoUSB-MON (RFSI)
6” 10-Pin Target Cable
1
1
2
In-Circuit Debugger and Flash Programmer Interface
RF Sniffer Interface
Connects ICD and RFSI units to ZDK and RF Sniffer
boards
6’ Mini USB Cable
Battery Pack with 3 AA batteries
CD-ROM
2
3
Connects ICD and RFSI units to Host PC
Powers the three ZDK boards
Auto-install program
RF Sniffer software
HEW (IDE & debugger)
NC30WA (C-compiler, assembler, and linker)
FoUSB Programmer
USB drivers
Manuals
Tutorials
Sample programs
2.2. CD-ROM
The CD-ROM contains the electronic manuals and software necessary for developing programs. Your
computer must have a web browser — like Mozilla Firefox, Netscape® Browser or Microsoft® Internet
Explorer — to view the help files, and Adobe® Acrobat® Reader® to view the manuals.
Insert the enclosed CD into your computer and the installer will auto-start. The installer program will
create C:\Renesas and C:\Workspace folders on your machine. NC30WA, FoUSB Programmer,
Documentation, sample code, and other ZDK-related files are in the C:\Renesas folder. HEW is
installed in the C:\Program Filesfolder by default.
If the installer program does not start, browse to the CD’s root folder and double-click on
ZDK_Installer.exeto start the installation.
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3.0 Limited Guarantee and Support
Renesas Technology America, Inc., warrants the RZB-ZMD16C-ZDK to be free from component or
assembly defects for a period of 180 days from the date of purchase. Settlement is limited to repair or
replacement of the product only. Renesas Technology America, Inc., does not assume any liability arising
out of the application or use of any product, circuit or procedure described herein. No other liability or
warranty applies, expressed or implied. Software warranty is limited to replacement of the CD only. While
every attempt has been made to ensure accurate documentation, Renesas Technology America, Inc.,
cannot be held responsible for errors or omissions, and reserves the right to make changes without prior
notice.
“Flash-Over-USB” is a trademark of Renesas Technology America, Inc. All other trademarks are the
properties of their respective owners.
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4.0 System Connectivity
The following lists the hardware and software products required for using the RZB-ZMD16C-ZDK ZigBee
Demonstration Kit.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Host Computer (supplied by user)
Three RZB-ZMD16C-ZDK Boards
Three battery packs with AA batteries
RF Sniffer Board
RF Sniffer Interface (RFSI)
Mini USB cable for RFSI
2×5 header target cable for RFSI
RF Sniffer software and USB driver
RF Sniffer
ZigBee Coordinator
ZigBee Router
ZigBee Router
Figure 4.1: ZigBee Demo Kit Setup
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Optional (only required if you want to update firmware and/or develop code).
•
•
•
•
In-Circuit Debugger and Programmer (ICD)
Mini USB cable for ICD
2×5 header target cable for ICD
Software Tools (HEW IDE, NC30 Compiler/Linker, FoUSB Programmer)
Figure 4-2 shows an ICD unit connected to a PC via USB and to a ZDK board via 2×5-pin ribbon cable.
Figure 4-2 ZDK Development System Connectivity
4.1. Host Computer Requirements
The minimum requirement to be able to use the software that comes with the RZB-ZMD16C-ZDK is a PC
with a USB port and Microsoft Windows 98, ME, 2000, or XP.
4.2. RZB-ZMD16C-ZDK Boards
The three RZB-ZMD16C-ZDK boards are pre-programmed with ZigBee demo firmware to provide a demo
and evaluation environment for wireless ZigBee connectivity based on Renesas MCUs. See section “5.0
Hardware” for more details.
4.3. RF Sniffer Board
The RF Sniffer board is based on the same hardware as the ZDK demo boards, but is pre-programmed
with a different firmware to function as a ZigBee RF Sniffer. See section “5.0 Hardware” for more details
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on the board hardware, and the RF Sniffer User’s Manual for more information on RF Sniffer usage and
features.
4.4. RF Sniffer Interface (RFSI)
The RF Sniffer interface is an RTA-FoUSB-MON unit that comes pre-programmed with firmware to allow
the RF Sniffer software running on the Host PC to take control of the RF Sniffer board. The RFSI
connects to the PC’s USB port via the included mini USB cable, and to the RF Sniffer board via the
included 2×5-header ribbon cable. The USB port also provides power to the RF Sniffer board and RFSI,
thereby eliminating the need for an external power supply.
4.5. RF Sniffer Software and USB Driver
The installer program offers you the option to install the ZDK demo software tools and the RF Sniffer
software. For details on installation, see the QuickStart Guide or instructions in the Appendix A of this
manual.
4.6. In-Circuit Debugger and Programmer (ICD)
The ICD provides a plug-and-play debugging and programming interface to the ZDK board via the host
computer’s Universal Serial Bus (USB). The USB port also provides power to the ZDK boards and ICD,
thereby eliminating the need for an external power supply. Use of the ICD is required only if you need to
update the firmware of the kit’s boards, or if you intend to develop and debug your own software. If not
powered by the ICD, the kit’s ZDK boards can be powered by the included battery packs.
4.7. Software Development Tools
The installer program offers you the option to install all the development tools. For details on installation,
see the QuickStart Guide or instructions in Appendix A of this manual. A brief description of all the
included tools follows. Please refer to the individual tool manuals for detailed information.
4.7.1. HEW (High-performance Embedded Workshop)
HEW provides a Graphical User Interface (GUI) that integrates the software development tools and
includes the C-compiler, assembler, linker, debugger and editor.
4.7.2. NC30WA Evaluation Version C Compiler
The evaluation version of the M3T-NC30WA C-compiler is provided with the same functionality as the
commercial version except that link size will be restricted to 64 Kbytes after 60 days from when you
begin using the compiler. Contact your local sales representative if you wish to purchase a full license.
4.7.3. HEW Debug Interface
HEW communicates with a kernel (i.e. a ROM monitor program) on the target MCU through the ICD.
This debug interface provides a highly efficient evaluation environment. Features include:
•
•
•
•
•
Source-level debugging for assembly and C language
Single-step command (unlimited breakpoints)
Run command with 6 breakpoints* for the M16C/28
RAM monitor function
C variable “watch” window
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*Note: The number of breakpoints will vary depending on the M16C flash MCU used.
4.7.4. FoUSB (Flash-over-USB™) Programmer
The Flash Over USB Programmer application provides In-System Programming capability for the
starter kit or any target board using an M16C family flash MCU (e.g. R8C, M16C, M32C). Please see
the RTA-FoUSB-MON User’s Manual for more details.
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5.0 Hardware
5.1. ZDK Board (RZB-ZMD16C-ZDK)
Note:The RZB-ZMD16C-ZDK board is referred to as RZB-ZMD28-BRD on the board's silkscreen and
schematic drawing.
Figure 5-1 shows the RZB-ZMD16C-ZDK Board with major components identified.
Figure 5.1: RZB-ZMD16C-ZDK Board
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5.2. RZB-ZMD16C-ZDK Board Block Diagram
The RZB-ZMD16C-ZDK board incorporates an M30280FAHP (80-pin QFP) from the M16C/28 group of
microcontrollers designated as U4. Figure 5-2 shows the RZB-ZMD16C-ZDK block diagram.
S1
S2
S3
S4
R3
RT1 R44
Y1
Y2
10MHz
32kHz
P10_4 P10_5 P10_6 Reset AN2
AN1
AN0
P0_0...6
Xin Xout XCin XCout
8 characters
x 2 lines LCD
J7
UART 1
ICD Header
U4
M30280FAHP
MCU
Red
LED
Yellow
LED
Green
LED
D1
D2
D3
RS232
Transceiver
UART 2
P3_4
P3_5
P3_6
Vcc
Vcc
JP2
JP1
RS232
Power
MCU Power
for Icc
Measurements
D4
Ports
Red
Power LED
J1, J2, J3, J4
Headers
ZigBee
RF
Figure 5-2: RZB-ZMD16C-ZDK Block Diagram
5.3. M16C/28 Group of MCUs
The M3028x group of 16-bit single-chip, flash microcontrollers (MCU) is part of the M16C/60 series CPU
core. The hardware and software manuals for the M16C/28 group of microcontrollers can be found under
C:\Renesas\RZB_ZMD16C_ZDK\Docs folder on your PC or from the Start menu (Start > Programs >
Renesas > RZB_ZMD16C_ZDK > All Manuals and Documents) after ZDK software installation.
5.4. RZB-ZMD16C-ZDK Board Jumper Configuration
5.4.1. JP1: MCU (U4) Power
JP1 is used to connect the Vcc pins of the M16C/28 MCU to the 3.3V supply of the board. It can be
used to measure current/power consumption of the MCU during various modes of operation. For
normal operations, JP1 must be shorted.
JP1 is shorted by default.
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5.4.2. JP2: Power LED (D4) and RS232 (U7) Transceiver Power
JP2 is used to connect the Vcc pin of the RS232 transceiver chip (U7) to the 3.3V supply of the board.
It also connects the red Power LED (D4) to the board’s supply. It can be used to reduce the board’s
power consumption by disconnecting the RS232 transceiver and Power LED. For normal operations,
JP2 must be shorted.
JP2 is shorted by default.
5.4.3. Default Jumper Settings
Table 5-1: Default Jumper Settings
Jumper
Default
Setting
Shorted
JP1: MCU Power
JP2: Power LED and RS232 Power Shorted
5.5. LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
The LCD is a 2-line by 8-character display with a KS0066 controller IC.
5.6. ZigBee RF
The ZigBee RF circuit utilizes a ZMD 44102, 900MHz, IEEE 802.15.4 compliant transceiver IC.
6.0 Limitations of the ZbRom System
The following is a list of limitations for the ZbRom system. Due to the nature of this evaluation system, the
MCU resources that you can use for your own application development are restricted. In addition, many
of the configurations and customizations offered by the ZigBee protocol stack are unavailable to you with
the ZbRom.
Please do not modify or disrupt any of the MCU resources used by the ZigBee stack:
6.1. Timers
Table 6-1: MCU Timer Usage
TA0
TA1
TA2
TA3
TA4
TB0
TB1
TB2
available
Used by ZigBee stack
Used by ZigBee stack
Used by ZigBee stack
Used by RTOS
Used by ZigBee stack
available
Used by ZigBee stack
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6.2. System Clock
After reset, the main system clock (denoted in the spec as f1) is set up to run at 20MHz. The ZigBee
stack assumes that the MCU is running at this operating frequency. Please do not make any changes to
the clock.
6.3. Interrupts
The interrupt vector table is located in the ZigBee stack and real-time operating system (RTOS) program
memory area (ZbROM). Therefore, you cannot implement any interrupt sub-routines other than the ones
listed below. To implement your own sub-routines for those interrupts, you need to re-direct their
respective interrupt vectors to the location of your interrupt service routines by calling the pre-defined
functions SetxxxInt().
Available User Interrupts
Interrupt Routine Vector Set Function
Timer A0
Timer B1
UART 2 Rx
INT2
INT3
DMA 0
void SetTimerA0Int(long funct_addr);
void SetTB1Int(long funct_addr);
void SetUart2RxInt(long funct_addr);
void SetInt2Int(long funct_addr);
void SetInt3Int(long funct_addr);
void SetDma0Int(long funct_addr);
void SetDma1Int(long funct_addr);
DMA 1
6.4. Flash and RAM Usage
The memory areas shaded in turquoise are available for your use.
Table 6-2: Flash Memory Usage
Flash Address Range
0xFF800-0xFFFFF
0xE8000-0xFF7FF
0xC0000-0xE7FFF
0x0F7FF-0x0FFFF
0x0F000-0x0F007
Usage
FoUSB Monitor Area (2KB)
User code/const space (30KB)
ZbROM Area (stack and RTOS) (64KB)
User Data Flash Area (2KB)
MAC Address (Don’t Erase Block)
Table 6-3: RAM Memory Usage
RAM Address Range
0x2380-0x23FF
0x2000-0x237F
0x0400-0x1FFF
0x0000-0x03FF
Usage
FoUSB Monitor Area
User global variable space (896 bytes)
ZbROM area, user task stack <100 bytes
MCU Register Area
6.5. Stack RAM Usage
Try to minimize the allocation of local variables that use stack space inside of functions. Remember that
your user application is running as a task in an RTOS with a limited amount of stack space allocated for it.
For this ZbRom system, that value is fixed and cannot be changed. You must limit the RAM space used
by your local variables and function calls to less than 100 bytes.
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6.6. Global Variable RAM Usage
You may create as many global variables for your user program as RAM space is available (896 bytes). A
virtual RAM section at the start of the debugger’s RAM has been created to warn you if you try to allocate
too much global RAM. Below is an example of the linker warning you will receive if you exceed the
available RAM space:
Phase M16C Linker starting
C:\WorkSpace\test\test\sect30_zdk28.inc(186) : Warning (ln30):
C:\WorkSpace\test\test\Coord_Router\_ncrt0_zdk28.r30 :
'DATA' section 'debugger_NE' is overlapped on the 'bss_NE' from 2380H to
2380H
6.7. MAC Address Area
Every 802.15.4 radio needs a globally unique 64-bit MAC address. Therefore, your ZDK boards have
been pre-programmed with such an address. Please do not erase the Flash block that contains this
address. If you accidentally do erase the MAC address, you can find .mot files with replacement
addresses in the C:\Renesas\RZB_ZMD16C_ZDK\Demos\Replacement MAC Addresses directory.
Program one of those addresses into your board using the FoUSB programming software. Please make
sure that the address you pick is unique and different from any address used by your other ZDK boards.
6.8. ZbROM Flash Size
The ZbROM area contains the ZigBee protocol stack and the RTOS used by the stack. The ZbROM
image occupies the two lower 32kBytes MCU Flash memory blocks for a total of 64kBytes. This allocation
was done to prevent the code from being erased by the debugger when downloading your user code. The
actual Flash memory size used by the ZigBee stack and RTOS will be less depending on ZigBee stack
configuration settings when using the full development environment.
6.9. ZbROM RAM Size
The RAM allocated for use by the ZigBee stack and RTOS is the maximum amount that would be used if
the device were to function as a ZigBee coordinator. The actual RAM size used by the ZigBee stack and
RTOS will be less for other ZigBee stack configurations when using the full development environment.
6.10. ZigBee Stack Table Sizes
Table 6-4: ZigBee Stack Table Sizes
ZigBee Coordinator & Router
ZigBee End Device
Number of Entries
Number of Entries
Neighbor Table
Router Table
Router Discovery Table
Broadcast Transmission Table
15
15
15
20
4
0
0
20
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6.11. Customization of Demo Program Settings
The following definitions can be changed at the top of the ZDK_Demo.cfile to fit your requirements.
/* ZigBee Configuration */
#define DEMO_CHANNEL 1
#define SCAN_CHANNELS ((DWORD)0x1 << DEMO_CHANNEL) /* Only scan our demo
channel */
//#define SCAN_CHANNELS 0x7FFF800 /* Scan every channel */
ZbPANId s_LocalPanId = 0x1ACE;
/* MUST BE A VALUE LOWER THAN 0x3FFF */
/* ASCII Input */
#define MAX_SERIAL_INPUT 20
/* Address Book */
// This array holds the addresses of all the nodes currently
// on the network. It is updated only by the coordinator.
#define MAX_BOOK_ENTRIES 32
/* RECEIVE BUFFER */
#define RX_BUFF_SIZE 256 /* Circular buffer size for data payload (all
data is held in this one buffer) */
#define RX_BUFF_ENTRIES 16 /* Number of buffered packet that can be
queued up */
6.12. Other Limitations
The RZB-ZMD16C-ZDK provides sophisticated debugging features at a low cost, but it does have some
limitations when used with the HEW software debugger and ICD. Those limitations are described in more
detail in the RZB-ZMD16C-ZDK User manual (Start > (All) Programs > Renesas > RZB_ZMD16C_ZDK >
All Manuals and Documents).
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7.0 System Operation & Limitations
The RZB-ZMD16C-ZDK provides sophisticated debugging features at a low cost, but it does have some
limitations when used with the debugger and ICD. Section 6.1 introduces the kernel (ROM monitor)
program and its purpose. The limitations when this kernel is running with the user program are listed in
Table 7-1: System Limitations when Debugging
Item
Please Refer To
User Limitations
Debugger Limitations
7.1. Kernel (ROM Monitor) Introduction
During debug, a small program called a kernel is uploaded to the M16C/28. The kernel communicates
with HEW through the ICD regarding MCU status during user code debugging operations.
There are no special steps required in the user program to make use of the ICD. The operation of the
kernel is transparent to the user, but there are some limitations. These are discussed from section 7.2
onward.
After starting a HEW debug session, the ICD uploads the kernel to the M16C/28 if it does not exist (e.g. a
blank device or a device that was programmed with the FoUSB Programmer). After downloading the
kernel, the M16C/28 is ready to download user code.
Connecting the ICD without starting HEW will not affect the signal lines connected between the ICD and
the M16C/28; the ICD keeps the signal lines in high-impedance state. The ICD only drives the pins after
HEW or the FoUSB Programmer attempts to connect.
After completing program debug and verification with HEW, you can create an image of your code in Intel
(.hex) or Motorola (.mot) file formats. This image can be programmed into the M16C/28 using the FoUSB
Programmer. This procedure erases the kernel and leaves only the user program.
7.2. Pin and Peripheral Limitations
SIO/UART1 pins are used for communication between the M16C/28 kernel on the RZB-ZMD16C-ZDK
board and HEW through the ICD. Do not connect these pins to any other circuit, as UART1 cannot be
used in the user program while using the Debugger. For details, please see the RTA-FoUSB-MON (ICD)
User’s Manual on Target M16C ROM Monitor Resources or related ICD application notes.
7.3. Memory Map
The amount and locations of memory used by the kernel on the RZB-ZMD16C-ZDK board’s M16C/28
MCU are shown in Figure 7-1.
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00000h
00400h
SFR Area
00400h
User RAM Area
= 8064 Bytes
Internal RAM
Area - 8kB
0237Fh
02380h
023FFh
Kernel RAM
(128 Bytes)
Reserved
023FFh
0F000h
0F800h
High E/W
2kB data block
Note: User programs must
not use shaded areas.
High E/W
2kB data block
10000h
Reserved
User Program
Area - 94kB
Special Page
Area
E8000h
FFFFFh
FF900h
FFE80h
Kernel
Program
User
Flash ROM
Area - 96kB
FFFDCh
Fixed Vector
Area
Figure 7-1: M30280FAHP Memory Map with the Kernel Program
Note: The kernel occupies memory associated with special-page vector numbers 18-19 and 192-255. The
user reset vector is re-mapped to address FFFD8h by the kernel.
7.4. Register Operation Limitations
Table 6-2 lists the limitations on register operation. The registers are inhibited from any modification. If
register contents are modified in any way, kernel operation cannot be guaranteed.
Table 7-2: Limitations on Register Operation
Register Name
Restriction
User and Interrupt Stack Pointers
RAM memory range 02380H – 023FFH is used
by the kernel. Do not set stacks in this area.
Do not change.
UART1 Transmit/Receive Mode Register
UART1 Transmit/Receive Control Register 0
UART1 Transmit/Receive Control Register 1
UART1 Interrupt Control Register 0
UART Transmit/Receive Control Register 2
UART1 Transmit Buffer Register
Do not change.
Do not change bits 0 and 2.
Do not write to this register.
UART1 Receive Buffer Register
Do not read this register.
Port 6 and Port 6 DDR
To prevent changes on P6_4 data and direction,
use read-modify-write only instructions (BSET,
BCLR, AND, OR, etc.).
7.5. Limitations on Interrupts - Vectors that Reside in the Hardware Vector Table
Table 7-3 lists the limitations on hardware interrupt (i.e. fixed) vector addresses.
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Table 7-3: Interrupt Vector Addresses
Interrupt Cause
Undefined
Overflow
BRK Instruction
Address Match
Single-step
Watchdog Timer
DBC
M16C/28 Vector Address
Kit Specification
User available
User available
User inhibited
User inhibited
User inhibited
User available (Note 1)
User inhibited
User available
Reset vector (Note 2)
FFFDCh ~ FFFDFh
FFFE0h ~ FFFE3h
FFFE4h ~ FFFE7h
FFFE8h ~ FFFEBh
FFFECh ~ FFFEFh
FFFF0h ~ FFFF3h
FFFF4h ~ FFFF7h
FFFF8h ~ FFFFBh
FFFFCh ~ FFFFFh
NMI
RESET
NOTES:
(1) The Watchdog Timer vector is shared with the oscillation stop and voltage detection interrupts.
The vector is available for oscillation stop and voltage detection interrupts, but you must avoid using
the vector for watchdog timer interrupts.
(2) The kernel transparently relocates the Reset vector to FFFD8H.
7.6. Stop or Wait Mode Limitations
While running the kernel with an application that uses “STOP” or “WAIT” modes, care must be taken not
to communicate with the MCU while “STOP” or “WAIT” is active (avoid RAM monitor or memory window
refreshes, for example). Breakpoints (if used) should be set at points in the code where it is known that
the BCLK is running at a frequency greater than 250 kHz.
7.7. User Program’s Real-Time Capability
Please be aware that while the kernel is in a “STOP” state, the hardware peripherals will continue to run.
Therefore, interrupts may not be serviced properly. In addition, the watchdog timer will not be serviced
and will likely time out if active.
While the kernel is in a “RUN” state, there is no overhead on the application code unless a RAM monitor
window is open. This window requires periodic communication with the MCU. This communication
suspends normal application operation while servicing the request (approximately 2000 BCLK cycles for
each 16 bytes of data displayed in the window are used per window update). The user must determine
whether this behavior is acceptable.
7.8. Performing Debug Using Symbols
Normally when a new project is created using HEW, debugging symbols are enabled. If you are unable
to view the source properly during debug, add the debug option [-g] in HEW before compiling the
programs. To enable the [-g] option, perform the following:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Open the workspace and project in HEW.
Select [Renesas M16C Standard Toolchain] from the Options pull-down menu.
Click on the [Link] tab.
Select [Output] under the [Category] list box.
Click on the checkbox for [-g] ‘Outputs source debug information…’
Click on the [OK] button
For more information, see the HEW user’s manual.
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8.0 RZB-ZMD16C-ZDK Board Specifications
8.1. Hardware Specifications
Table 8-1 lists the specifications of the RZB-ZMD16C-ZDK Board.
Table 8-1: RZB-ZMD16C-ZDK Board Specifications
Item
Specification
MCU
M30280FAHP
Clocks
Main Clock: crystal 10 MHz, PLL, or ring oscillator
Sub Clock: 32.768 kHz crystal
Memory
(ICD)
RAM: 8kB (8064 Bytes user available due to kernel)
High E/W Data Block: 2kB × 2 (4096 Bytes)
Flash ROM: 96kB (94kB user available due to kernel)
[J1-J4]: Four 2×10-pin measurement test points connected to the MCU
pins. Can also be used to connect your own expansion boards via 2×10
headers.
Connectors
[J7]: In-Circuit Debug connector (UART1 for FoUSB-ICD)
[P1]: 9-Sub-D RS232 connected via RS232 transceiver to UART2
[JP1]: MCU Power for Icc Measurements
[JP2]: Power LED and RS232 Power connect
[S1]: pushbutton (connected to P10_4)
Jumpers
Switches
[S2]: pushbutton (connected to P10_5)
[S3]: pushbutton (connected to P10_6)
[S4]: pushbutton (connected to Reset)
[SW1]: Power source select switch. If set toward the ICD connector: power
provided by ICD. If set toward the power connector: power provided via
power connector.
LEDs
LCD
[D1] (Red): User output (connected to P3_4)
[D2] (Yellow): User output (connected to P3_5)
[D3] (Green): User output (connected to P3_6)
[D4] (Red): Power On (if jumper JP2 shorted)
2-line × 8-character LCD with KS0066 controller IC
8.2. Power Supply Requirements
The RZB-ZMD16C-ZDK Board will draw about 35mA with no LEDs on. With the ICD powered from the
board, the current draw will be about 85mA.
The board has a 3.3V low dropout voltage regulator with an input voltage range from 3.4V to 16V.
8.3. Operating Environment
Table 8-2 lists the environmental conditions for using and storing the RZB-ZMD16C-ZDK board. Store the
board in a conductive bag inside the original factory packaging box.
Table 8-2: Operating Environment
Environmental Condition
Operating
Ambient Temperature
0 - 55°C
Ambient Humidity
30 to 80% (non-condensing)
(No corrosive gas allowed)
Storage
-30 to 75°C
30 to 80% (non-condensing)
(No corrosive gas allowed)
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Appendix A. Troubleshooting Guide
This section discusses possible problems you may encounter while installing the development tool
software, USB drivers, or running the HEW debugger and FoUSB Programmer applications. This section
also discusses the countermeasures and solutions to resolve these problems.
For troubleshooting information on the RF Sniffer Interface and RF Sniffer board, see the RF Sniffer
User’s Manual.
If, for any reason, you cannot resolve the problem, please contact your Renesas representative for
assistance.
A.1 Manual Installation
Before connecting the In-Circuit Debugger to your PC, the driver files (.inf and .sys) and executables must
be copied to the C:\Renesas\FoUSBdirectory.
To do this, run FoUSB_Vx.xx.exe in the \Tools\FoUSB directory of the CD. After the FoUSB
Programmer install, assuming the default directory was used, a C:\Renesas\FoUSB subfolder should
have been created. The Windows USB drivers can be found under the USB Drivers folder, i.e.
fousb.inf, fousb.sys (driver files to run FoUSB Programmer), usbmon.inf, and usbmon.sys
(driver files to run HEW).
A.2 USB Driver Problems
This part discusses how to fix common problems that may occur with USB driver installation. The most
common problem is that Windows did not properly install the USB drivers, so that the ICD is not
recognized. An indication of this problem is the faster blink rate of the ICD’s yellow Status LED of about 2-
3 times per second. When the driver is installed properly, the yellow Status LED only blinks every second.
Before trying the following steps, try re-starting your PC to see if this resolves the problem. You can check
the USB Driver status using the Windows Device Manager (Start > Control Panel > System Properties >
Hardware > Device Manager > Universal Serial Bus controllers). If the “Renesas FoUSB ICD” appears
under the Universal Serial Bus controllers with no red X or yellow exclamation point, the driver was
installed properly.
NOTE: If you are using Windows 2000 or XP, you will need Administrator privileges to be able to
install the drivers.
For cases where “Renesas FoUSB ICD” appears with a red X or yellow exclamation point in the Windows
Device Manager, please try the following:
1. Open the Windows Device Manager (Start > Control Panel > System Properties > Hardware >
Device Manager > Universal Serial Bus controllers).
2. Double-click on ‘Renesas FoUSB ICD’. A Renesas FoUSB ICD Properties dialog box appears.
3. Click on the ‘Driver’ tab and click the ‘Update Driver’ button.
4. Select ‘Display a list…’ and click on the ‘Have Disk’ button.
5. Browse to the C:\Renesas\FoUSB\USB Drivers directory and install the usbmon.sys
driver.
6. If this process does not work, please follow the instructions below.
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If you encounter problems on installing the drivers, you can try the following:
Windows 2000
a. Copy the fousb.inf and usbmon.inf files from the C:\Renesas\FoUSB\USB
Driversfolder to the \WINNT\INFfolder.
b. Copy the fousb.sys and usbmon.sys files from the C:\Renesas\FoUSB\USB
Driversfolder to the \WINNT\SYSTEM32\driversfolder.
Windows 98 or XP
a. Copy the fousb.inf and usbmon.inf files from the C:\Renesas\FoUSB\USB
Driversfolder to the \WINDOWS\INFfolder.
b. Copy the fousb.sys and usbmon.sys files from the C:\Renesas\FoUSB\USB
Driversfolder to the \WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\driversfolder.
A.3 Debugging Problems
This section discusses the cause of the problem and countermeasures to resolve it. The common
problems encountered with debugging are:
•
•
•
Erratic debug behavior
Cannot connect to target
Issues that may come up during debug operations
A.3.1 Erratic Debug Behavior
HEW allows you to launch multiple instances of itself. However, if more that one instance of HEW is open
during a debug session, erratic behavior can result. Running the FoUSB Programmer at the same time as
HEW can also result in erratic debug behavior. Lastly, having more than one ICD installed can also cause
erratic problems or cause HEW to crash.
A.3.2 Cannot Connect to Target
When the message “Can’t connect with the target” is displayed when attempting to connect, there are
several reasons that may have caused this message to appear. Each cause and its corresponding
countermeasure is discussed below.
•
The ZDK board or the ICD are not connected correctly.
Unplug the ICD from the USB cable. First connect the ZDK target board to the ICD via the supplied
2×5-header ribbon cable, then connect the ICD back to your PC’s USB port via the supplied mini USB
•
The ICD has no power (Power LED of the ICD is off).
Please ensure that the Power Mode switch on the ICD is set to ‘USB’, and that the power switch on
the ZDK board is set toward the ICD connector, if you want to power the board from the ICD unit. If
you want to power the ICD from the ZDK target board, the ICD power mode switch must be in the
‘Target’ position. The target board then must be provided with its own power supply and the target
board’s power switch must be on in the correct position (toward the power connector).
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•
USB was not selected on the HEW Init dialog box.
Please select ‘USB’ from the Init dialog box that is displayed right after you start a debug session.
The selected MCU on the ICD board and the actual target MCU (M16C/28) do not match.
•
Close the error message by clicking on the ‘OK’ button, then click on the ‘Cancel’ button of the Init
window. Make sure you select ‘M30280FA.mcu’. If the MCU loaded on the ICD is different, HEW will
re-program the ICD to match it.
•
The target MCU is damaged.
Try a different target board and see if the HEW will connect. You may have a damaged board or MCU.
A.3.3 Issues that May Arise During Debug Operations
While debugging user code, some issues may come up because the limitations discussed in section “7.0
System Operation & Limitations” were not satisfied. The common issues are listed in Table A.3, including
the countermeasures.
Problem
stepping
instructions, HEW cannot
“stop”
Possible Cause/s and Solution
Changes were made to the UART1 Special Function
Registers (SFRs). Do not change UART1 SFRs in your
code.
After
a
few
•
Breakpoints do not seem to
work
HEW locks up (cannot stop
program) or Communication
error message is displayed.
•
•
System is in “FreeRun” mode. Change the RUN mode to
“Sampling” from the “Init” window (Emulator System icon).
Changes were made to the UART1 SFRs. Do not change
UART1 SFRs in your code.
Ensure that no limitations in Section 6 were violated.
Re-initialize the system without closing debug session. See
note below.
•
•
•
Do a hardware reset. User-program runaway may be
corrupting the kernel (RAM, interrupt vectors, flags, etc.).
Close the debug session, hit the reset button on the ZDK
board to reset the board, then restart.
Download problems
•
•
Filenames or directory names contain spaces or special
characters.
HEW project was not properly set up (startup files missing or
out of order, files added to wrong member, etc.). Try
creating a new project and adding your source files to it. For
details, please see the HEW User’s Manual.
To re-initialize the system without closing a debug session, try the following:
•
•
Click the [OK] button on the error dialog box to close it.
When an Exit dialog box appears, click the [Cancel] button to close it.
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•
•
Press the reset button on the ZDK board.
Click the HEW Reset icon.
After initialization, debugging can resume. However, it is recommended that you download your program
again before debugging.
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Appendix B. Reference Manuals
Item
Title
Description
Renesas ZigBee Demonstration Kit Document that will help you get started on using the
(ZDK)Quick Start Guide
ZigBee Demonstration Kit.
1.
2.
3.
RZB-ZMD16C-ZDK User’s Manual
RF Sniffer User's Manual
This document.
Document describing the ZigBee RF Sniffer
hardware and software in more detail.
Schematic diagram for the RF Sniffer and ZDK
boards.
4.
ZDK Board Schematic
ZDK Board BOM
5.
6.
Bill of materials for the ZDK board.
M16C/20/60
Programming Manual
M16C/20/60 Series
Series
C-Language ANSI C-language programming guide for the
M16C/20/60 series MCU.
Assembler Assembly language programming guide for the
7.
8.
Language Programming Manual
HEW User's Manual
M16C/20/60 series MCUs.
This document describes installation and operation
of this Integrated Development Environment for
Renesas' Tools.
9.
AS30 User's Manual
Guide for AS30 assembler.
10.
11.
NC30 User's Manual
RTA-FoUSB-MON User’s Manual
Guide for NC30WA C-compiler.
In-Circuit Debugger and Programmer User’s
Manual.
NOTE:
The installer will copy all these manuals during installation. They can be accessed using the Document
Descriptions file by clicking on Start > Programs > Renesas > RZB_ZMD16C_ZDK > Document
Descriptions.
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Appendix C. Expansion Headers
The M30280FA MCU on the RZB-ZMD16C-ZDK target board is housed in an 80-pin QFP package. Pin 1
of the package is identified by a little white circle on the board’s top silkscreen. Connectors J1 to J4,
located around the MCU, provide access to almost all of the MCU’s pins. You can use J1-J4 as test
points to check MCU signals or, by mounting your own headers, connect your own expansion board. The
silkscreen identifying the connectors is at the bottom of the ZDK board. The following table shows the
mapping of J1-J4 pins to MCU pins and signal names.
J1 MCU
J2
Pin
MCU
Pin
21
MCU Function
P95/AN25/CLK4
MCU Function
P76/TA3out
Pin
Pin
1
1
1
2
2
P93/AN24
2
22
P75/TA2in/ W
P74/TA2out/W
3
4
3
4
P92/TB2in
P91/TB1in
3
4
23
24
P73/ CTS2 / RTS
/TXD1
/TA1in/ V
2
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
5
P90/TB0in
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
P72/CLK2/TA1out/V/RXD1
P71/RxD2/SCL/TA0in/CLK1
P70/TxD2/SDA/TA0out
P67/TxD1
P66/RxD1
P65/CLK1
11
Vss
P64/ CTS1 / RTS1 / CTS0
/CLKS1
P37
P36
12
13
14
12
13
14
32
33
34
13
14
Vcc
P35
P85/NMI/SD
P84/INT2 /Zphase
15
16
17
18
15
16
17
18
15
16
17
18
35
36
37
38
P34
P33
P83/INT
1
P32/SOUT3
P31/SIN3
P82/INT0
P81/TA4in/U
P80/TA4out/U
P77/TA3in
19
20
19
20
19
20
39
40
P30/CLK3
P63/TxD0
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J3 MCU
J4
Pin
MCU
Pin
61
MCU Function
P62/RxD0
MCU Function
Pin
Pin
1
41
1
P06/AN06
2
3
42
43
P61/CLK0
2
3
62
63
P05/AN05
P04/AN04
P60/CTS0 /RTS0
4
5
6
7
8
44
45
46
47
48
P27/OUTC17/INPC17
P26/OUTC16/INPC16
P25/OUTC15/INPC15
P24/OUTC14/INPC14
P23/OUTC13/INPC13
4
5
6
7
8
64
65
66
67
68
P03/AN03
P02/AN02
P01/AN01
P00/AN00
P107/AN7/KI3
P106/AN6/KI2
P105/AN5/KI1
9
49
50
51
52
53
P22/OUTC12/INPC12
9
69
70
71
72
73
10
11
12
13
P21/OUTC11/INPC11/SCLMM
P20/OUTC10/INPC10/SDAMM
10
11
12
13
P104/AN4/KI0
P103/AN3
P17/INT5 /INPC17/IDU
P16/INT4 /IDW
P102/AN2
P101/AN1
14
54
14
74
P15/INT3 / ADTRG /IDV
15
16
17
18
19
20
55
56
57
58
59
60
P14
15
16
17
18
19
20
75
76
AVss
P100/AN0
P13/AN23
P12/AN22
P11/AN21
P10/AN20
P07/AN07
78
79
80
AVcc
P97/AN27/SIN4
P96/AN26/SOUT4
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Appendix D. Board Schematic & BOM
Note:The RZB-ZMD16C-ZDK board is referred to as RZB-ZMD28-BRD on the board's silkscreen
and schematic drawing.
The circuit board schematic and Bill-Of-Materials (BOM) are available as separate PDF documents. They
can be accessed through Start > Programs > Renesas > RZB_ZMD16C_ZDK > Board Hardware, or by
browsing to the folder
C:\Renesas\RZB_ZMD16C_ZDK\Docs\ZDK_Manuals and opening the files:
RZB_ZMD28_BRD_BOM.pdf
RZB_ZMD28_BRD_Schematic.pdf
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s s V
1
K 3 . 3
K 3 . 3
K 3 . 3
K 3 . 3
7 2 R
9 2 R
5 3 R
9 1 R
2
1
3
1
1
2
2
c c V A
c c V
7 8
1 3
s s V A
s s V
5 7
1 1
6
5
3
C C V
D N G
1 6
5 1
1
2
8
7
1
7
8
1
3
1
e g a t l V o
t u p I n
V 0 1 6 .
o t 4 V 3 .
1
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1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
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Figure E-2: PCB Bottom View
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Appendix F. Other Resources
1. For details on how to use the In-Circuit Debugger and Programmer, please see the RTA-FoUSB-MON
User’s Manual (Start > (All) Programs > Renesas > RZB_ZMD16C_ZDK > RTA-FoUSB-Mon Manual).
2. For updates and other evaluation tools and sample programs for the RZB-ZMD16C-ZDK Kit, see:
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