PYLE Audio Turntable PLTTB3U User Guide

Direct Drive Turntable  
USB Turntable  
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CONTENTS  
CONTENTS---------------------------------------------------2  
DESCRIPTION-----------------------------------------------3,4  
Audacity Software Instruction-------------------------5-20  
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DESCRIPTION  
1. Adapter:  
Use this adapter when playing 45 RPM records.  
2. Power Switch:  
Use this switch to turn the turntable on and off.  
3. Platter:  
Set the record here when playing.  
4. Stroboscope Lamp:  
This lamp shines on the marking on the outside edge of the platter. (This is  
useful when making precise adjustment to the platter speed.)  
5. Start/Stop Switch:  
User this switch to start and stop the rotation of the platter.  
6. Counterweight:  
Use this to properly balance the tonearm.  
7. Anti-Skating Control:  
Use this to set the anti-skating function of the tonearm.  
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8. Tonearm Lever:  
Use this lever to lower and raise the tonearm.  
9. Tonearm Lock:  
Use this to lock the tonearm in place when not in use.  
10. Tonearm:  
Keep locked in place when not in use.  
11. Pitch Control:  
Use this slider to vary the pitch of the recording by slightly speeding up or  
slowing down the rotation of the platter.  
12. Headshell:  
This holds the stylus (“needle”) in place and provide protection by means of its  
removable stylus protection cap (not shown)  
13. Speed Indicators:  
These lights illuminate to show which speed (33-1/3 or 45 RPM) is selected.  
14. 33 RPM selector:  
Use this switch to select the 33-1.3 RPM speed.  
15. 45 RPM selector:  
Use this switch to select the 45 RPM speed.  
16. Dust Cover:  
Use this to protect the turntable from exposure to dust. The cover may be  
opened or removed during use, but should remain closed when the turntable is  
not in use.  
17. Power Cord:  
Connect this cord to a grounded AC outlet of the proper voltage.  
DO NOT DEFEAT THE GROUND PRONG OF THE AC PLUG  
18. Signal Connectors:  
Use these to connect the turntable to the mixer or amplifier in your sound  
system.  
19. USB port:  
- With Full-Speed Transceivers  
- Fully Compliant With USB 1.1 Specification  
Connect to PC for editing the music with your favorite digital editing software, if  
you need the information of free editing software; please check the website  
20. Gain: Turn to adjust the volume of USB output  
21. Line/Phone switch: To select the turntable output between Line and PHONO  
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INITIAL STARTING-UP  
MAINS CONNECTION  
Ensure that the mains voltage of your home corresponds to the operating  
voltage of the unit. Your unit is ready to be connected to a mains voltage of  
110V/60Hz or 220V/50Hz.  
AMPLIFIER CONNECTION  
Connect audio plugs (5) to magnetic record player input on your amplifier:  
ò
ò
Red plug into R/H channel input.  
White plug into L/H channel input.  
Remove the protective cap from the stylus.  
- Place the record of your choice on the turntable. If it is a 45 rpm, do  
not forget to place the adaptor on the record spindle.  
- Choose the desired playing speed:  
33 rpm -> button unlocked  
ò
ò
45 rpm-> button locked.  
-
-
Release the pick-up arm clip.  
Place the cartridge vertically over the first track of the record the  
turntable starts turning.  
When the record is over, the pick-up arm returns to its rest (10); the  
turntable stops turning  
Push the lift button (6) close latch to secure pick-up arm:  
-
Remark: While the record is ON, if you wish to:  
ò
STOP THE RECORD WHILE IT IS PLAYING  
Press and stop button (4); the cartridge comes up and returns to its  
rest (10); the turntable stops turning.  
-
-
Replace the protective cap on the stylus.  
Push the lift button (6) close latch to secure pick-up arm  
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MAINTENANCE  
TO REPLACE THE STYLUS (FIG.A)  
-
-
-
-
-
Put the rest (11) clip on the pick-up arm.  
Remove the protective cap from the stylus.  
Pull the stylus in the direction of arrow (A) and remove it.  
Put in the new stylus following the reverse procedure.  
Replace the protective cap on the stylus.  
TO DISASSEMBLE THE CARTRIDGE (FIG.B)  
-
-
-
-
Put the rest clip into the pick-up arm.  
Remove the stylus (see section above).  
Release the pick-up head be push the cartridge in the direction of arrow.  
Disconnect the four link wires at the level of the pick-up head.  
TO INSTALL NEW CARTRIDGE  
-
-
-
-
Connect the four link wires as shown in figure.  
Push the cartridge into headshell  
Re-position the stylus  
Replace the protective cap on the stylus.  
IMPORTANT RECOMMENDATIONS  
We advise you to clean your records using a rag impregnate with an antistatic  
product for maximum enjoyment of your records and also to make them last.  
We would also point out that for the same reason your stylus should be replaced  
periodically (approximately every 250 hours)  
Dust the stylus from time to time using a very soft brush dipped in alcohol (brushing  
from back to front of the cartridge)  
WHEN TRANSPORTING YOUR RECORD PLAYER DO NOT FORGET TO:  
ò
ò
Replace the protective cap on the stylus.  
Put the rest clip into the pick-up arm.  
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Audacity Quick Guide  
Before Starting the Software  
Make sure that your USB turntable is plugged into the computer and both  
the computer and the turntable are plugged in and on.  
To Install Software (PC)  
1. Plug in your turntable to an AC outlet and connect the USB port  
on the Turntable to the USB port of your computer.  
2. Turn on the power switch to your turntable.  
3. Windows system will detects a new device and that it is available  
to use.  
4. Insert the CD that came with your USB turntable.  
5. Run the file “install audacity-win-1.2.4b.exe” to install Audacity  
software. Once installed, run the Audacity program.  
To Install Software (MAC)  
1. Insert the included CD  
2. Open the CD icon on the desktop.  
3. Drag the installation folder for audacity to your hard drive. We  
recommend that you move the folder to your “Applications” folder.  
4. A window will come up which shows the files copying.  
5. EJECT the CD.  
6. Open “Audacity” from where you moved it to on your hard drive.  
Software Configuration  
1. Click on Microphone in the drop down menu and select “Stereo Mix”  
Figure 1: Select Stereo Mix  
2. Select the “Edit” menu and then “Preferences”  
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Select the USB audio device under the “Recording” selection as shown.  
Select “Software Playthrough” to hear the audio while recording.  
Note: The USBTurntable may show up with a different name in Windows  
system.. This may depend on your computer model and operating system.  
99% of the time it will contain “USB” in the Name.  
Figure 2: Select USB Audio Device from Preferences  
After complete the above setting, you are ready for recording.  
If you are still having difficulty finding the USB Turntable, try to check your  
system settings or control panel to adjust audio input settings from the  
sound control panel. .  
Note:  
i. The attached Audacity software is for reference only. Please download the  
latest version from the following website:  
ii. Please check the following website and download the trial software for  
more sound editing software.  
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Toolbars  
Selection tool - for selecting the range of audio you want to edit or  
listen to.  
Envelope tool - for changing the volume over time.  
Draw tool - for modifying individual samples.  
Zoom tool - for zooming in and out.  
Timeshift tool - for sliding tracks left or right.  
Multi tool - lets you access all of these tools at once depending on the  
location of the mouse and the keys you are holding down.  
Audio Control Buttons  
Skip to Start - moves the cursor to time 0. If you press Play at this  
point, your project will play from the beginning.  
Play - starts playing audio at the cursor position. If some audio is  
selected, only the selection is played.  
Loop - if you hold down the Shift key, the Play button changes to  
a Loop button, which lets you keep playing the selection over and  
over again.  
Record - starts recording audio at the project sample rate (the  
sample rate in the lower-left corner of the window). The new track  
will begin at the current cursor position, so click the "Skip to Start"  
button first if you want the track to begin at time 0.  
Pause - temporarily stops playback or recording until you press  
pause again.  
Stop - stops recording or playing. You must do this before  
applying effects, saving or exporting.  
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Skip to End - moves the cursor to the end of the last track.  
Edit Toolbar  
All of the buttons on this toolbar perform actions - and with a couple of  
exceptions, they're all just shortcuts of existing menu items to save you  
time. Holding the mouse over a tool will show a "tooltip" in case you forget  
which one is which.  
Cut  
Copy  
Paste  
Trim away the audio outside the selection  
Silence the selected audio  
Undo  
Redo (repeat last command).  
Zoom In  
Zoom Out  
Fit selection in window - zooms until the selection just fits inside the  
window.  
Fit project in window - zooms until all of the audio just fits inside the  
window.  
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Mono - makes this track a mono  
track, meaning it is played out of  
just one speaker, or played out of  
the left and right speakers equally.  
Track Pop-Down Menu  
Left Channel - makes this track  
come out of only the left speaker.  
Right Channel - makes this track  
The Track Pop-Down Menu  
appears when you click in a track's  
title. This lets you access a few  
special commands that apply to  
individual tracks.  
come out of only the right speaker.  
Make Stereo Track - if there is  
another track below this one, joins  
them to make a single stereo track,  
with the top track representing the  
left speaker, and the bottom track  
representing the right speaker.  
When tracks are joined into a stereo  
pair, all edits automatically apply to  
both the left and right channel.  
Name... - lets you change the name  
of the track.  
Move Track Up - exchange places  
with the track above this one.  
Move Track Down - exchange  
Split Stereo Track - if the selected  
track is a stereo track (a pair of left  
and right tracks joined together as a  
single track), this operation splits  
them into two separate tracks that  
you can modify and edit  
places with the track below this one.  
Waveform - sets the display to  
Waveform - this is the default way  
of visualizing audio.  
independently.  
Waveform (dB) - similar to  
Waveform, but on a logarithmic  
scale, measured in decibels (dB).  
Set Sample Format - this  
determines the quality of the audio  
data and the amount of space it  
takes up. 16-bit is the quality used  
by audio CD's and is the minimum  
quality that Audacity uses internally  
(8-bit audio files are automatically  
converted when you open them).  
24-bit is used in higher-end audio  
hardware. 32-bit float is the highest  
quality that Audacity supports, and  
it is recommended that you use 32-  
bit float unless you have a slow  
computer or are running out of disk  
space.  
Spectrum - display the track as a  
spectrogram, showing the amount  
of energy in different frequency  
bands.  
Pitch (EAC) - highlights the contour  
of the fundamental frequency  
(musical pitch) of the audio, using  
the Enhanced Autocorrelation (EAC)  
algorithm.  
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Set Rate - sets the number of  
samples per second of the track.  
44100 Hz is used by audio CDs.  
Tracks can have different sample  
rates in Audacity; they are  
called Composition_data. Audacity  
project files are not meant to be  
shared with other programs - use  
one of the Export commands (below)  
when you are finished editing a file.  
automatically resampled to the  
project sample rate (in the lower-left  
corner of the window).  
Save Project As... - same as Save  
Project (above), but lets you save a  
project as a new name.  
Recent Files ... - brings up a list of  
files you have recently opened in  
audacity to be re-opened quickly.  
[MENU]  
File Menu  
Export As WAV... - exports all of  
the audio in your project as a WAV  
file, an industry-standard format for  
uncompressed audio. You can  
change the standard file format  
used for exporting from Audacity by  
opening the File Format  
Preferences . Note that exporting  
will automatically mix and resample  
if you have more than one track, or  
varying sample rates. See also File  
Formats.  
New - creates a new empty window  
Open... - opens an audio file or an  
Audacity project in a new window  
(unless the current window is  
empty). To add audio files to an  
existing project window, use one of  
the Import commands in the Project  
menu.  
Close - closes the current window,  
asking you if you want to save  
changes. On Windows and Unix,  
closing the last window will quit  
Audacity, unless you modify this  
behavior in the Interface  
Export Selection As WAV... -  
same as above, but only exports  
the current selection.  
Export as MP3... - exports all of the  
audio as an MP3 file. MP3 files are  
compressed and therefore take up  
much less disk space, but they lose  
some audio quality. Another  
compressed alternative is Ogg  
Vorbis (below). You can set the  
quality of MP3 compression in the  
File Format Preferences. See  
alsoMP3 Exporting.  
Preferences.  
Save Project - saves everything in  
the window into an Audacity-  
specific format so that you can save  
and quickly continue your work later.  
An Audacity project consists of a  
project file, ending in ".aup", and a  
project data folder, ending in  
"_data". For example, if you name  
your project "Composition", then  
Audacity will create a file called  
"Composition.aup" and a folder  
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Export Selection As MP3... - same Print - Print out the main window  
as above, but only exports the  
current selection.  
view from audacity showing the  
tracks and waveforms.  
Export as Ogg Vorbis... - exports  
all of the audio as an Ogg Vorbis  
file. Ogg Vorbis files are  
Exit (Quit) - closes all windows and  
exits Audacity, prompting you to  
save any unsaved changes first.  
compressed and therefore take up  
much less disk space, but they lose  
some audio quality. Ogg Vorbis files  
tend to take up a little less disk  
space than MP3 for similar  
compression quality, and Ogg  
Vorbis is free from patents and  
licensing restrictions, but Ogg  
Vorbis files are not as widespread.  
You can set the quality of Ogg  
compression in the File Format  
Preferences.  
Edit Menu  
Undo - This will undo the last  
editing operation you performed to  
your project. Audacity supports full  
unlimited undo - meaning you can  
undo every editing operation back  
to when you opened the window.  
Redo - This will redo any editing  
operations that were just undone.  
After you perform a new editing  
operation, you can no longer redo  
the operations that were undone.  
Export Selection As Ogg Vorbis...  
- same as above, but only exports  
the current selection.  
Cut - Removes the selected audio  
data and places it on the clipboard.  
Only one "thing" can be on the  
clipboard at a time, but it may  
contain multiple tracks.  
Export Labels... - if you have a  
Label Track in your project, this lets  
you export the labels as a text file.  
You can import labels in the same  
text format using the "Import  
Labels..." command in the Project  
Menu.  
Copy - Copies the selected audio  
data to the clipboard without  
removing it from the project.  
Export Multiple... - lets you split  
your project into multiple files all in  
one step. You can either split them  
vertically (one new file per track), or  
horizontally (using labels in a Label  
Track to indicate the breaks  
Paste - Inserts whatever is on the  
clipboard at the position of the  
selection or cursor in the project,  
replacing whatever audio data is  
currently selected, if any.  
between exported files.  
Trim - Removes everything to the  
left and right of the selection.  
Page Setup - configure how  
Audacity will print out the track  
waveforms using the Print option,  
and what printer to use.  
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Delete - Removes the audio data  
that is currently selected without  
copying it to the clipboard.  
left and right edge of the selection  
appear on a positive-slope zero  
crossing. This makes it easier to cut  
and paste audio without resulting in  
an audible clicking sound.  
Silence - Erases the audio data  
currently selected, replacing it with  
silence instead of removing it.  
Selection Save - Remembers the  
current selection (or cursor position),  
allowing you to restore it later.  
Split - Moves the selected region  
into its own track or tracks,  
replacing the affected portion of the  
original track with silence. See the  
figure below:  
Selection Restore - Restores the  
cursor position to the last position  
saved by "Selection Save".  
Move Cursor ... > to Track Start -  
Moves the cursor to the start of the  
current track.  
Move Cursor ... > to Track End -  
Move the cursor to the end of the  
currently selected track.  
Duplicate - Makes a copy of all or  
part of a track or set of tracks into  
new tracks. See the figure below:  
Move Cursor ... > to Selection  
Start - Moves the cursor to the start  
of the current selection.  
Move Cursor ... > to Selection  
End - Moves the cursor to the end  
of the current selection.  
Select ... > All - Selects all of the  
audio in all of the tracks in the  
project.  
Snap-To ... > Snap On - Enable  
Snap-To mode. When Snap-To  
mode is enabled, the selection will  
be constrained to the nearest  
interval on the time scale, by default  
the nearest second. So if you click  
and drag from 4.2 seconds to 9.8  
seconds, it will result in a selection  
from 4 seconds to 10 seconds,  
exactly. You can change the units  
that are snapped to using the "Set  
Selection Format" option in the  
View Menu .  
Select ... > Start to Cursor -  
Selects from the beginning of the  
selected tracks to the cursor  
position.  
Select ... > Cursor to End -  
Selects from the cursor position to  
the end of the selected tracks.  
Find Zero Crossings - Modifies the  
selection slightly so that both the  
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Snap-To ... > Snap Off - Turns  
Snap-To mode off letting you select  
arbitrary ranges of time  
you turn on Snap-To mode in the  
Edit Menu, the selection will snap to  
the frames or other quantization you  
have selected in this menu.  
Preferences... - opens the  
Preferences dialog.  
History... - Brings up the history  
window. It shows all the actions you  
have performed during the current  
session, including importing. The  
right-hand column shows the  
View Menu  
amount of hard disk space your  
operations used. You can jump  
back and forth between editing  
steps quite easily by simply clicking  
on the entries in the window, the  
same as selecting Undo or Redo  
many times in a row. You can also  
discard Undo history to save disk  
space. The history window can be  
kept open while you work.  
Zoom In - Zooms in on the  
horizontal axis of the audio,  
displaying more detail about less  
time. You can also use the zoom  
tool to zoom in on a particular part  
of the window.  
Zoom Normal - Zooms to the  
default view, which displays about  
one inch per second.  
Float Control Toolbar - moves the  
Control Toolbar out of the window  
and into its own floating window, so  
you can position it wherever you  
want. The menu item changes to  
Dock Control Toolbar, which you  
can use to put the toolbar back into  
the main window.  
Zoom Out - Zooms out, displaying  
less detail about more time.  
Fit in Window - Zooms out until the  
entire project just fits in the window.  
Fit Vertically - Resizes all of the  
tracks vertically so they all fit inside  
of the window (if possible).  
Float Edit Toolbar - moves the Edit  
Toolbar out of the window and into  
its own floating window, so you can  
position it wherever you want. The  
menu item changes to Dock Edit  
Toolbar, which you can use to put  
the toolbar back into the main  
window.  
Zoom to Selection - Zooms in or  
out so that the selection fills the  
window.  
Set Selection Format - lets you  
choose the formatting that is  
Float Meter Toolbar - does the  
same thing for audacity's VU  
meters which you use to set  
recording levels and adjust  
playback.  
displayed at the bottom of the  
window indicating the current  
selection time. Options include film,  
video, and audio CD frames,  
seconds + samples, or pure time. If  
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Float Mixer Toolbar - moves the  
Mixer Toolbar out of the window  
and into its own floating window as  
above.  
options in the dialog to try some  
other possible encodings.  
At the beginning of your imported  
track(s), you may notice a little bit of  
noise. This is probably the file's  
header, which Audacity was not  
able to parse. Just zoom in and  
select the noise with the Selection  
Tool, and then choose Delete from  
the Edit Menu.  
Project Menu  
Import Audio... - This command is  
used to import audio from a  
Edit ID3 Tags... - Opens a dialog  
allowing you to edit the ID3 tags  
associated with a project, for MP3  
exporting.  
standard audio format into your  
project. Use this command if you  
already have a couple of tracks and  
you want to add another track to the  
same project, maybe to mix them  
together. You cannot use this option  
to import Audacity Projects. The  
only way to combine two Audacity  
Projects is to open them in separate  
windows, then copy and paste the  
tracks.  
Quick Mix - This command mixes  
all of the selected tracks together. If  
you are mixing stereo tracks, or  
mixing tracks that are marked as  
Left or Right channel, the result will  
be a stereo track (two channels),  
otherwise the result will be mono.  
Your tracks are implicitly mixed  
whenever you hit the Play button  
and whenever you export. This  
command offers a way to do it  
permanently and save the results to  
disk, saving on playback resources.  
Note that if you try to mix two very  
loud tracks together, you may get  
clipping (it will sound like pops,  
clicks, and noise). To avoid this,  
drag the gain slider on the tracks  
down to reduce their volume before  
mixing.  
Import Labels... - This command  
takes a text file which contains time  
codes and labels, and turns them  
into a Label Track.  
Import MIDI... - This menu  
command imports MIDI files and  
puts them into a MIDI Track.  
Audacity can display MIDI files, but  
cannot play, edit, or save them yet.  
Import Raw Data... - This menu  
command allows you to open a file  
in virtually any uncompressed  
format. When you select the file,  
Audacity will analyze it and try to  
guess its format. It will guess  
correctly about 90% of the time, so  
you can try just pressing "OK" and  
listening to the result. If it is not  
correct, however, you can use the  
New Audio Track - This creates a  
new empty Audio Track. This  
command is rarely needed,since  
importing, recording, and mixing  
automatically create new tracks as  
needed. But you can use this to cut  
or copy data from an existing track  
and paste it into a blank track. If  
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that track was at a non-default rate  
then you may need to use Set Rate  
from the Track Pop-Down menu to  
set the correct sample rate.  
Align and move cursor... - same  
as the functions above, except that  
the cursor or selection is moved  
along with the tracks. That allows  
you to shift the tracks without losing  
your relative place.  
New Stereo Track - same as  
above, but creates a stereo track.  
You can also create a stereo track  
Add Label at Selection - This  
by joining two tracks using the track menu item lets you create a new  
pop-down menu.  
label at the current selection. You  
can title the label by typing with the  
keyboard and then hitting "Enter"  
when you're done.  
New Label Track - This creates a  
new Label Track, which can be very  
useful for textual annotation.  
Add Label at Playback Position -  
This menu item lets you create a  
new label at the current location  
where you are playing or recording.  
Do this if you want to mark a certain  
passage while you're listening to it.  
You can title the label by typing with  
the keyboard and then hitting  
"Enter" or "Return" when you're  
done. Only available whilst audacity  
is playing.  
New Time Track - This creates a  
new Time Track, which is used to  
vary the speed of playback over  
time.  
Remove Tracks - This command  
removes the selected track or  
tracks from the project. Even if only  
part of a track is selected, the entire  
track is removed. You can also  
delete a track by clicking the X in its  
upper-left corner. To cut out only  
part of the audio in a track, use  
Delete or Silence.  
Generate Menu  
If you choose an item from the  
Generate menu when there are no  
tracks in a project, a new track is  
created. Otherwise, the current  
track is used.  
If a track is selected and the cursor  
is placed in a single place in the  
track audio is inserted at the cursor  
position. The default duration is 30  
seconds.  
The audio created will replace the  
any selection, otherwise it is  
inserted into the track, shifting up  
later parts of the track.  
Align Tracks... - All the Align  
functions work on whole tracks or  
groups of tracks, not on selections,  
even if they span across multiple  
tracks. They all operate by time-  
shifting tracks (moving them left or  
right), making it easier to  
synchronize tracks or get rid of  
silence at the beginning. The cursor  
or selection stays in the same place  
unless you use "Align and move  
cursor...", below:  
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way to quickly apply the same effect  
to many different parts of a file.  
Silence - inserts silence  
Tone... - you can create a Sine  
wave, Square wave, or Sawtooth  
wave.  
Amplify - changes the volume of  
the selected audio. If you click the  
"Allow clipping" checkbox, it will let  
you amplify so much that the audio  
ends up beyond the range of the  
waveform, and is clipped (distorted).  
The default value when you open  
the effect is to amplifiy so that the  
loudest part of the selection is as  
loud as possible without distortion.  
White Noise - inserts random audio  
samples, which sounds like pure  
static.  
Any items which appear after these  
three built-ins are VST, Ladspa, or  
Nyquist plug-ins. It is possible for a  
poorly written plug-in to crash  
Audacity, so always save your work  
before using a plug-in. Note that  
any effect that doesn't take any  
audio as input will automatically be  
placed in the Generate menu.  
Bass Boost - enhances the bass  
frequencies in the audio.  
Change Pitch - changes the  
pitch/frequency of the selected  
audio without changing the tempo.  
When you open the dialog, the  
starting frequency is set to  
Audacity's best guess as to the  
frequency of the selection. This  
works well for recordings of singing  
or musical instruments without  
background noise. You can specify  
the pitch change in one of four  
different ways: musical note,  
semitones, frequency, or percent  
change.  
Effect Menu  
The items in this menu only work  
when you have audio selected.  
Audacity does not have any real-  
time effects; you must select the  
audio, apply the effect, and then  
listen to the results.  
Most effects have a Preview button.  
Clicking on this button plays up to  
three seconds of audio, allowing  
you to hear what it will sound like  
after the effect is applied. This is  
useful for fine-tuning the effect  
parameters.  
Change Speed - changes the  
speed of the audio by resampling.  
Making the speed higher will also  
increase the pitch, and vice versa.  
This will change the length of the  
selection.  
Repeat Last Effect - selecting this  
command is a shortcut to applying  
the most recent effect with the  
Change Tempo - changes the  
tempo (speed) of the audio without  
same settings. This is a convenient  
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changing the pitch. This will change Noise Removal - This effect lets  
the length of the selection.  
you clean up noise from a recording.  
First, select a small piece of audio  
that is silent except for the noise,  
select "Noise Removal", and click  
on the "Get Noise Profile" button.  
Then select all of the audio you  
want filtered select "Noise  
Compressor - compresses the  
dynamic range of the selection so  
that the loud parts are softer while  
keeping the volume of the soft parts  
the same. You can optionally  
Removal" again, and click the  
"Remove Noise" button. You can  
experiment with the slider to try to  
remove more or less noise. It is  
normal for Noise Removal to result  
in some distortion. It works best  
when the audio signal is much  
louder than the noise.  
normalise the recording afterwards,  
resulting in the entire piece having  
higher perceived volume.  
Echo - very simple effect that  
repeats the selection with a decay,  
sounding like a series of echos.  
This effect does not change the  
length of the selection, so you may  
want to add silence to the end of  
the track before applying it (using  
the Generate Menu).  
Normalize - allows you to correct  
for DC offset (a vertical  
displacement of the track) and/or  
amplify such that the maximum  
amplitude is a fixed amount, -3 dB.  
It's useful to normalize all of your  
tracks before mixing. If you have a  
lot of tracks, you may then need to  
use the track gain sliders to turn  
some down.  
Equalization - Boost or reduce  
arbitrary frequencies. You can  
select one of a number of different  
curves designed to equalize the  
sound of some popular record  
manufacturers, or draw your own  
curve.  
Nyquist Prompt - for advanced  
users only. Allows you to express  
arbitrary transormations using a  
powerful functional programming  
language. See the Nyquist section  
of the Audacity website for more  
information.  
Fade In - fades the selection in  
linearly  
Fade Out - fades the selection out  
linearly  
FFT Filter - similar to Equalization,  
lets you enhance or reduce arbitrary  
frequencies. The curve here uses a  
linear scale for frequency.  
Phaser - the name "Phaser" comes  
from "Phase Shifter", because it  
works by combining phase-shifted  
signals with the original signal. The  
movement of the phase-shifted  
signals is controlled using a Low  
Frequency Oscillator (LFO).  
Invert - Flips the waveform  
vertically, the same as a phase  
inversion in the analogue domain.  
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Repeat - repeats the selection a  
certain number of times. This  
operation is quite fast and space-  
efficient, so it is practical to use it to  
create nearly-infinite loops.  
nearest peak frequency. This  
window can also display other  
common functions that are  
calculated using the Fast Fourier  
Transform, including three versions  
of the Autocorrelation function. The  
Enhanced Autocorrelation function  
is very good at identifying the pitch  
of a note.  
Reverse - This effect reverses the  
selected audio temporally; after the  
effect the end of the audio will be  
heard first and the beginning last.  
Wahwah - uses a moving bandpass  
filter to create its sound. A low  
frequency oscillator (LFO) is used  
to control the movement of the filter  
The Analyze menu is intended for  
effects and plug-in effects that do  
not modify the audio, but simply  
throughout the frequency spectrum. open a dialog with some descriptive  
Adjusts the phase of the left and  
right channels when given a stereo  
selection, so that the effect seems  
to travel across the speakers.  
information. Audacity also supports  
Analyze commands that create  
annotations in a Label Track.  
Plugins 1 to 15 ... etc. These  
submenus contain any VST,  
Ladspa, or Nyquist plug-ins loaded  
by audacity. It is possible for a  
poorly written plug-in to crash  
Audacity, so always save your work  
before using a plug-in effect.  
Help Menu  
About Audacity - displays the  
version number and credits. If you  
compiled Audacity yourself, check  
here to verify which optional  
modules were successfully  
compiled in.  
Analyze Menu  
Contents ... - opens this reference  
guide in a searchable form.  
Plot Spectrum - To use this feature,  
first select a region of audio from a  
single track, then select "Plot  
Spectrum". It opens up a window  
that displays the Power Spectrum of  
the audio over that region,  
calculated using the Fast Fourier  
Transform. The graph represents  
how much energy is in each  
frequency. As you move the mouse  
over the display, it shows you the  
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