20" WOODTURNING LATHE
Model 3520A
Instruction Manual & Parts List
M-0460221
(800) 248-0144
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Safety Rules.........................................................................................................................................4-5
Safety: Decals .........................................................................................................................................6
Specifications..........................................................................................................................................7
Receiving ................................................................................................................................................8
Installation...............................................................................................................................................8
Power Connection............................................................................................................................8
Inverter Drive System......................................................................................................................8
Maintenance............................................................................................................................................8
Adjustments:
Belt Adjustment ...............................................................................................................................8
Tool Support....................................................................................................................................8
Spindle ............................................................................................................................................9
Speed Range Adjustment ................................................................................................................9
Table 1: Wood Turning Lathe Speeds......................................................................................................9
Tools....... ..............................................................................................................................................10
Operating Instructions............................................................................................................................10
Spindle Turning .....................................................................................................................................10
Stock Selection..............................................................................................................................11
Mounting Stock..............................................................................................................................11
Cutting Techniques........................................................................................................................12
Roughing Out.........................................................................................................................12
Beads ....................................................................................................................................12
Coves ....................................................................................................................................12
"V" Cuts .................................................................................................................................12
Parting Off .............................................................................................................................13
Sanding & Finishing...............................................................................................................13
Face Plate & Bowl Turning ....................................................................................................................13
Mounting Stock..............................................................................................................................13
Faceplate or Chuck?......................................................................................................................14
Wood Selection .............................................................................................................................14
Checks & Cracks....................................................................................................................14
Distortion ...............................................................................................................................14
Tools for Bowl Turning...................................................................................................................14
Bowl Turning Techniques...............................................................................................................14
To Shape Outside of Bowl......................................................................................................14
To Shape Interior of Bowl.......................................................................................................15
Sanding & Finishing...............................................................................................................15
Trouble-Shooting...................................................................................................................................16
Parts Lists & Exploded Views:
Headstock Assembly.................................................................................................................17-19
Stand & Bed Assembly .............................................................................................................20-21
Optional Accessories: Indexer & Bed Extensions......................................................................22-23
Optional Accessories: Tool Supports..............................................................................................24
Optional Accessory: Outboard Turning Stand.................................................................................25
Optional Accessories .....................................................................................................................26
Electrical Schematics:
3520A............................................................................................................................................27
3520A w/ Remote On/Off Switch ..............................................................................................28-29
3520A School Lathe (#1352002)....................................................................................................30
3520A School Lathe – 2330009 Kit ................................................................................................31
AC Inverter Readings ............................................................................................................................32
Instructions for Mounting Indexing Assembly (Optional Accessory)........................................................33
3
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
SAFETY RULES
As with all machines, there is a certain amount of hazard involved with the use of this lathe. Use the machine with
the respect and caution demanded where safety precautions are concerned. When normal safety precautions are
overlooked or ignored, personal injury to the operator can result.
Read, understand and follow the safety and operating instructions found in this manual. Know the limitations and
hazards associated with this machine. A warning decal is placed on each machine as a reminder of basic safety
practice.
Electrical grounding. Make certain that the machine frame is electrically grounded and that a ground lead is
included in the incoming electrical service. In cases where a cord and plug are used, make certain that the
grounding plug connects to a suitable ground. Follow the grounding procedure indicated in the National Electrical
Code.
Eye safety. Wear an approved safety shield, goggles, or glasses to protect eyes. (NOTE: Common eyeglasses
are only impact-resistant, they are not safety glasses.)
Personal protection. Before operating the machine, remove tie, rings, watch and other jewelry and roll up sleeves
above the elbows. Remove all loose outer clothing and confine long hair. Protective type footwear should be used.
Where the noise exceeds the level of exposure allowed in Section 1910.95 of the OSHA Regulations, use hearing
protective devices. Do not wear gloves.
Guards. Keep the machine guards in place, make certain they are operable, and use them at all times. DO NOT
operate the machine with guards off.
Don't Overreach. Maintain a balanced stance and keep your body under control at all times. Do not overreach or
use excessive force to perform any operation.
Maintain Tools in Top Condition. Keep tools sharp and clean for safe and best performance. Dull tools can grab
in the work and be jerked from the operator`s hands causing serious injury.
Check the condition of the stock to be turned. Make sure it is free of knots, warpage, checked ends, improperly
made or cured glue joints and other conditions which can cause it to be thrown out of the lathe.
Securely fasten spur centers to the material being used.
Check centers and center sockets in the headstock and tailstock to be sure they are free of dirt or rust and oil
lightly before inserting centers.
Test each set-up by revolving the work by hand to insure it clears the work rest and bed and check setup at the
lowest speed before increasing it to the operating speed.
Use the correct cutting tool for the operation to be performed and keep all tools in a sharpened condition.
Use low speeds for roughing and for long or large diameter work. If vibration occurs, stop the machine and correct
the cause. See Table on page 9 for speed recommendations.
When sanding, remove the tool rest from the machine, apply light pressure, and use a slow speed to avoid heat
build up.
When turning large diameter pieces, such as bowls, always operate the lathe at low speeds. See Table 1 for
speed recommendations.
Never use dull turning tools - sharp tools help to prevent the tool from grabbing in the work and being jerked from
the operator's hands.
Take measurements on the part only with the spindle stopped.
4
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Do not attempt to engage the spindle lock pin until the spindle has stopped. If leaving the machine area, turn it off
and wait until the spindle stops before departing.
Give the work you are doing your undivided attention. Looking around, carrying on a conversation and
"horseplay" are careless acts that can result in serious injury.
Make no adjustments except speed change with the spindle rotating and always disconnect machine from
power source when performing maintenance to avoid accidental starting or electrical shock.
Provide for adequate surrounding work space and overhead non-glare lighting. Powermatic recommends the
use of non-skid floor strips on the floor area where the operator normally stands and marking off a work area for
each machine.
Don't stand in line with any large diameter part being turned or allow anyone else to do so.
When stopping the lathe, never grab the part or face plate to slow it down. Let the work coast to a stop.
Use only Powermatic or factory authorized replacement parts and accessories, otherwise the warranty and
guarantee are null and void.
Drugs, alcohol, medication. Do not operate tool while under the influence of drugs, alcohol, or any medication.
Do not use this Powermatic wood lathe for other than its intended use. If used for other purposes, Powermatic
disclaims any real or implied warranty and holds itself harmless from any injury that may result from that use.
Health Hazards. Some dust created by power sanding, sawing, grinding, drilling and other construction activities
contains chemicals known to cause cancer, birth defects or other reproductive harm. Some examples of these
chemicals are:
* Lead from lead-based paint.
* Crystalline silica from bricks and cement and other masonry products.
* Arsenic and chromium from chemically-treated lumber.
Your risk from these exposures varies, depending on how often you do this type of work. To reduce your exposure
to these chemicals, work in a well-ventilated area, and work with approved safety equipment, such as those dust
masks that are specifically designed to filter out microscopic particles.
Familiarize yourself with the following safety notices used in this manual:
CAUTION: (This means that if precautions are not heeded, it may result in minor or moderate injury
and/or possible machine damage)
WARNING: (This means that if precautions are not heeded, it could result in serious injury or
possibly even death).
5
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
SAFETY: DECALS
Familiarize yourself with the location and content of this decal on your machine.
6294773
6
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
SPECIFICATIONS: 3520A Lathe
Table with standard extensions..................................................................................................................... 28” x 38”
Distance Between Centers............................................................................................................................. 34-1/2"
Swing Over Bed ....................................................................................................................................................20"
Overall Length..................................................................................................................................................... 50"
Spindle Speeds ....................................................................................................................... 0-1200 / 0-3200 RPM
Motor........................................................................................................................................................2HP, 220V
Lathe Power Requirements...........................................................................................................220V, 3PH or 1PH
Spindle Thread Size .........................................................................................................................1-1/4" x 8 T.P.I.
Head/Tailstock Taper..................................................................................................................................#2 Morse
Height...............................................................................................................................................44" (Adjustable)
Weight........................................................................................................................................................... 650 lbs
Tailstock Quill Travel.................................................................................................................................... Over 4"
3" Faceplate ................................................................................................................................................standard
14" Toolrest .................................................................................................................................................standard
Drive System....................................................................................................................Poly V Belt, Inverter Drive
Spindle Lock................................................................................................................................................standard
Knock Out Rod............................................................................................................................................standard
Drive Center................................................................................................................................................standard
Ball Bearing (live) Center...............................................................................................................................standard
Hole through Tail Stock Spindle............................................................................................................................3/8"
Hole through Head Stock Spindle .........................................................................................................................5/8"
Footprint of stand...................................................................................................................................50" L x 24" W
NOTE: The above specifications were current at the time this manual was published, but because of our policy of
continuous improvement, Powermatic reserves the right to change specifications without notice and without
incurring obligations.
7
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
acceleration ramp that eliminates the shock of normal
across the line starting. Also a braking feature
eliminates long coasting periods when the lathe is
turned off.
The 2 HP motor is specially designed for use with
inverter drives, and is balanced to reduce noise and
minimize vibration.
The A.C. Inverter does not require any programming,
it is pre-programmed from the factory. The buttons
on the face of the inverter should never be
pushed at any time. Use only the controls on the
front of the headstock.
RECEIVING
Remove the lathe from the shipping container and
check for damage. Report any damage to your
distributor immediately. Accessories are packaged in
a separate carton which will be on the shelf of the
machine stand. Clean protective coating from the
bed, spindles, work rest and face plate with kerosene
or a good commercial solvent. Read the instruction
manual thoroughly for assembly, maintenance,
operation and safety instructions.
INSTALLATION
MAINTENANCE
Install the four leveling screws in the legs, adjust to a
stable, level position and tighten the jam nuts to lock
in place.
Insert the guard support rod in the guard mounting
bracket at the rear of the headstock. Position a
locking collar on each side of the mounting bracket so
that the lock pin lines up with the holes in the guard
pivot rod, one for guard position and one for load
position. The spring loaded lock pin will hold the
guard in each position.
Maintenance on the 3520A lathe should be performed
at periodic intervals to insure that the machine is in
proper working order, that all fasteners are tight, and
the machine is in adjustment. The more use the
machine is subjected to, the more often it should be
inspected and maintained. Inspection and
maintenance should be performed at least twice a
year.
WARNING: To prevent accidental starting or
electrical shock, disconnect machine from
power source before performing any
maintenance.
Power Connection
The lathe will operate on single phase or three phase
230 volt power supply. A three wire pigtail for use on
230 volt single phase power is attached to the inverter
and may be hard wired to the power source or
connected to a receptacle plug. Connect the 230 volt
supply to the black and white leads and ground the
green lead.
If three phase power is used, it will be necessary to
replace the pigtail wire with a 12/4 wire and connect
the three hot leads to the inverter at R, S and T as
shown in the wiring diagram. Always connect the
ground lead.
Periodic cleaning of the lathe is important to keep the
lathe in proper working order. The lathe bed should
be cleaned and oiled periodically so that headstock,
tailstock, and tool support will slide properly. With air
hose periodically blow out headstock to keep saw dust
and chips from collecting on belt and sheaves, and
blow off dust and chips that collect on inverter (DO
NOT DISASSEMBLE INVERTER TO CLEAN).
Before connecting to the power source make sure the
on/off switch is in the off position and turn the speed
dial counterclockwise. If the switch is in the on
position when the power is connected, the inverter will
trip out. If this happens, disconnect power, turn
switch off, wait 30 seconds and then reconnect power.
ADJUSTMENTS
Belt Adjustment
The drive belt sheaves are initally aligned at the
factory, but if any service is performed that affects
their alignment it is very important that they be
realigned. To realign them, loosen the two set screws
on the spindle sheave and slide it in the proper
position. Use of a straight edge along the edge of
both sheaves will simplify the positioning. When
properly aligned, there should be no pulsing sounds or
noise coming from the belt.
NOTICE: IF THERE IS A POWER OUTAGE WHILE
OPERATING THE LATHE, TURN THE SWITCH TO
THE OFF POSITION, DISCONNECT POWER
SOURCE, WAIT 30 SECONDS THEN RECONNECT
POWER SOURCE AND RESUME NORMAL
OPERATION.
Inverter Drive System
The model 3520A lathe utilizes the latest technology
in A.C. inverter drives to provide infinitely variable
spindle speeds. The inverter controls the speed of
the motor by varing the frequency of the voltage
supplied to the motor. The inverter provides an
8
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Tool Support
Speed Range Adjustment
To provide the maximum horsepower to the spindle at
the very slow speeds, set the drive belt in the low
range.
The tool support (shown in Figure 5), is designed to
allow adjustment for height, position on the bed, and
angle to the work. Your 3520A lathe comes standard
with the 14" tool support.
available; consult the "Optional Equipment" list on
page 24.
Periodically the tool rest should be disassembled and
the parts cleaned and oiled to provide free movement
of the parts to insure good clamp action.
Other supports are
To change speed ranges, open the access door in
front of the headstock, loosen the pivot lock handle
located in the motor tension slot, raise the motor up
by lifting up on the motor plate handle and relock the
lock handle to hold the motor up. There should be
sufficient slack in the belt to reposition it to the other
step. Loosen the tension lock handle and lower the
motor to tension the belt. Be sure that the Poly-V
grooves of the belt seat properly in the corresponding
groove of the pulley. Do not overtension; a very light
pressure on the motor plate handle is adequate to
prevent belt slippage.
Spindle
The spindle bearing preload is set at the factory for
general turning applications. There should be no "end
play" of spindle looseness along its axis. If any
looseness ever occurs it may be removed by
tightening the bearing lock nut on the left end of the
spindle. Be very careful not to overtighten the lock
nut or the spindle bearings will overheat. It should be
tightened just enough to remove the end play and the
spindle should rotate very freely.
TABLE 1: WOOD TURNING LATHE SPEEDS
GENERAL CUTTING
FINISHING RPM
RPM
DIAMETER OF WORK
ROUGHING RPM
Under 2"
2 to 4"
1520
760
510
380
300
255
220
190
175
175
3000
1600
1080
810
650
540
460
3000
2480
1650
1240
1000
830
4 to 6"
6 to 8"
8 to 10"
10 to 12"
12 to 14"
14 to 16"
16" to 20"
20" to 24"
710
400
620
325
260
500
400
9
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
TOOLS
If possible, select only quality, high speed steel turning tools. High speed tools hold an edge and last longer than
ordinary carbon steel. As one becomes proficient in turning, a variety of specialty tools for specific applications can
be acquired. The following tools provide the basics for most woodturning projects:
Large Roughing Gouge - 1" to 1-1/4", used to eliminate waste wood.
Skews - 1-1/2" and 1" or 1-1/4", used to make finishing cuts and details.
Spindle Gouges - 1/4", 3/8", 1/2", used to turn beads, coves and other details.
Square Scraper - 1/2", used to create square shoulders.
Large Domed Scraper - 1-1/2", used to reduce ridges on interior of bowls.
Parting Tool - 1/8", used to set diameters for sizing.
Deep Fluted Bowl Gouge - 1/4", 3/8" and 1/2", used for turning bowls & plates.
For safety and best performance, keep tools sharp. If a tool stops cutting or requires excessive pressure to make a
cut, it needs to be sharpened. A number of brand name sharpening jigs and fixtures are available, however, a
woodturner should learn to sharpen tools freehand. For best results, use a slow speed grinder (1800 rpm) fitted with
a 60-grit wheel (for shaping) and a 100-grit wheel (for final sharpening and touchup). The grinder should be located
near your lathe and at a comfortable height. A diamond dresser will keep the wheels true and eliminate glazing.
Never allow the tool to rest in one place on the wheel, keep it moving and use a light touch.
Carbon steel tools can overheat easily and should be cooled frequently. If the edge turns blue, it has lost its temper
and should be ground past the blue area. High-speed steel tools are not as likely to overheat, but can be damaged if
allowed to get red hot. High speed steel tools should not be quenched for cooling. Honing with a diamond lap or
slipstone will save trips to the grinder and keep the edge fresh.
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
Before operating the lathe, check each time that everything is in proper working order:
1. Level your machine: use the adjustable levelers to help reduce vibration.
2. Check bearings: adjust only if endplay exists.
3. Check belts: should be snug but not overly tight.
4. Ways - keep clean, use steel wool and wax to prevent buildup of rust and finishes.
5. Toolrest - use mill file to remove nicks and dings.
6. Spindle tapers - should be clean and free of dust and chips for proper seating of tapers. Clean with
scotchbrite or taper cleaner.
7. Tailstock - clean and lubricate ram and locking device.
8. Lighting - proper lighting is essential.
9. Dust extractor - to remove excess sanding dust.
10. Anti-fatigue mat - will help make long hours in front of the lathe more comfortable.
10
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
SPINDLE TURNING
Spindle turning takes place between the centers of the lathe. It requires a spur or drive center in the headstock and
a revolving or live center in the tailstock. A cup center rather than a cone center will reduce the risk of splitting the
stock. Figure 2 shows the basic profile shapes in spindle turning.
FIGURE 2
STOCK SELECTION
Stock for spindles should be straight grained and free of checks, cracks, knots and other defects. It should be cut
1/8" to 1/4" larger than the finished diameter and may require additional length to remove ends if required. Larger
stock should have the corners removed to produce an octagon making the piece easier to rough down to a cylinder.
1. With a combination square or plastic center finder, locate and mark center on each end of stock. Accuracy is
not critical on full rounds but extremely important on stock where square sections are to remain. Put a dimple in the
stock with an awl or nail, or use a spring-loaded automatic center punch.
2. Extremely hard woods may require kerfs cut into the spur drive end of stock, Figure 3, or may need to have the
spur center driven into the stock with a wood mallet or dead blow hammer, Figure 4. NOTE: Never use a steel face
hammer and never drive stock onto spur while it is mounted in the lathe spindle.
FIGURE 3
MOUNTING STOCK
FIGURE 4
1. Install workpiece by inserting the attached spur center
into the spindle taper on the headstock.
2. Bring tailstock into position, lock it to the bed, and
advance the spindle with the handwheel in order to seat the
cup center into the workpiece.
3. Move tool support into position. It should be parallel
to the workpiece, just below the centerline and approximately
1/8" to 1/4" from the corners of the workpiece to be turned,
as in Figure 5. Lock tool support to bed.
11
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
4. Rotate workpiece by hand to check for proper clearance.
5. Start lathe at lowest speed and bring it up to the appropriate RPM for the size of stock used (refer to table on
page 9).
CUTTING TECHNIQUES
ROUGHING OUT:
1. Begin with a large roughing gouge. Place the tool on the tool support with the heel of the tool on the surface to
be cut.
2. Slowly and gently raise tool handle until cutting edge comes into contact with the workpiece.
3. Beginning at the tailstock end of the
workpiece, roll the flute (hollowed-out
portion) of the tool in the direction of the
cut, Figure 6. Make long sweeping cuts
in a continuous motion to rough the piece
down to a cylinder. Keep as much of the
bevel of the tool as possible in contact
with the workpiece to ensure control and
avoid catches.
NOTE: Always cut down-hill, or from
large diameter to small diameter.
Always work toward the end of a work-
piece, never start cutting at the end.
4. Once the workpiece is roughed
down to a cylinder, smooth it with a large
skew. Keep the skew handle perpendicular
to the spindle and use only the center
third of the cutting edge for a long smoothing
cut (touching one of the points of the skew to the spinning workpiece may cause a catch and ruin the workpiece).
6. Add details to the workpiece with skew, parting tool, scraper or spindle gouge.
BEADS:
1. Make a parting cut for what is to be a bead to the desired depth. Place the parting tool on the tool support and
move tool forward to make the full bevel of the tool come in contact with the workpiece. Gently raise handle to make
cut to the appropriate depth.
2. Repeat for other side of the bead.
3. Using a small skew or spindle gouge, start in the center between the two cuts and cut down each side to form
the bead. Roll the tool in direction of cut.
COVES:
1. Use a spindle gouge. With the flute
of the tool at 90 degrees to the workpiece,
touch the point of the tool to the workpiece
and roll in towards the bottom of the cove,
Figure 7. Stop at the bottom; attempting
to go up the opposite side may cause
the tool to catch.
2. Move the tool over the desired width
of the cove.
3. With the flute facing the opposite
direction, repeat step 1 for other side of
cove. Stop at bottom of cut.
"V" CUTS:
1. Use the long point of the skew.
(NOTE: Do not press the long point of the
skew directly into the workpiece to create the "V"; this will result in a burned or burnished "V" with fibers being rolled
up at both sides.)
12
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
2. Lightly mark the center of the "V" with the tip of the skew.
3. Move the point of the skew to the right half of the desired width of your cut.
4. With the bevel parallel to the right side of the cut, raise the handle and push the tool in to the desired depth, as
shown in Figure 8.
5. Repeat from the left side. The two cuts should meet at the bottom and leave a clean "V" cut.
6. Additional cuts may be taken to add to either the depth or width of the cut.
PARTING OFF:
1. Use parting tool.
2. Adjust lathe speed to lower RPM
for parting through a workpiece.
3. Place tool on tool support and raise
the handle until it starts to cut and continue
to cut towards the center of the workpiece.
4. Loosely hold on to the piece in one
hand as it separates from the waste wood.
SANDING & FINISHING:
Leaving clean cuts will reduce the
amount of sanding required. Adjust the
lathe to a low speed, and begin with fine
sandpaper (120 grit or finer). Coarser
sandpaper will leave deep scratches that
are difficult to remove, and dull crisp details
on the spindle. Progress through each grit
without skipping grits (e.g., do not jump from 120 grit to 220 grit). Fold the sandpaper into a pad; do not wrap
sandpaper around your fingers or the workpiece.
To apply a finish, the workpiece can be left on the lathe. Turn off the lathe and use a brush or paper towel to apply
the finish. Remove excess finish before restarting lathe. Allow to dry and sand again with 320 or 400 grit sandpaper.
Apply second coat of finish and buff.
FACE PLATE & BOWL TURNING
Face plate turning is normally done on the inboard side of the headstock over the bed. Larger workpieces must be
turned on the outboard side (remove tailstock and tool support, and move headstock to opposite end of bed).
MOUNTING STOCK
Use of a face plate is the most common method for holding a block of wood for turning bowls and plates:
1. Select stock at least 1/8" to 1/4" larger than each dimension on the finished workpiece.
2. Always select the largest diameter face plate that can be
used for the workpiece to be turned.
3. True one surface of the workpiece for mounting against the
face plate.
4. Using the face plate as a template, mark the location of the
mounting holes, and drill pilot holes of the appropriate size. Face
plates are drilled for No. 12 screws. (Phillips and square drive
screws will hold up better than slotted screws. Sheel metal screws
are
case hardened with deeper and sharper threads than wood
screws.)
If the mounting screws on the face plate interfere with the
workpiece, a glue or waste block can be used:
13
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
5. Make a block the same diameter as the face plate, Figure 9. Both glue block and workpiece should have good
flat surfaces for gluing.
6. Glue the block to the workpiece. Avoid using brown paper or newspaper between the block and workpiece. It
may work fine if you are using scrapers, but a slight catch with a bowl gouge can separate the two.
NOTE: When using a glue block, be careful with the adhesive you select. Dry workpieces can be bonded with
ordinary white or yellow glue but must be clamped to ensure a good bond. Green workpieces require cyanoacrylate
(super glue).
FACEPLATE OR CHUCK?
While faceplates are the simplest, most reliable method of holding a block of wood for turning, chucks can also be
used. As there are dozens of chucks to choose from, the woodturner should first consider all the different types of
turning that will be done, and read reports or discuss with other turners who own chucks before making a decision.
A chuck is not a requirement but is handy when working on more than one piece at a time. Rather than removing
screws, you simply open the chuck and change workpieces. The most popular ones are four jaw scroll chucks with a
variety of jaws to accomodate different size tenons. Most also come with a screw chuck as well.
WOOD SELECTION
Firewood is the cheapest, most widely available stock to use while learning to turn bowls. Simply waste wood for a
while practicing turning techniques. Develop skill with each tool before attempting to make a finished piece. It is best
to start with dry wood, without worrying about drying or distortion. Once turning becomes comfortable, try green
wood which cuts very easily. As the turner gains experience, he or she will find extraordinary grain and figure in the
form of burls, crotches and bark inclusions.
CHECKS & CRACKS
Green wood will check and crack. For best results, leave logs in as long lengths as you can handle. As the material
starts to dry, surface cracks will develop on the ends of the log. Cut off two to three inches and you should find
good, sound wood. Also cut the log in half along the pith to avoid having it in the finished piece. Most checks
radiate from the pith. As you turn bowls from green wood, make sure you maintain a consistent wall thickness
throughout the piece. Leaving a piece thick in some areas and thin in others will cause the wood to dry unevenly
and promote checks and cracks.
DISTORTION
Distortion is a problem associated with turning green wood. It will vary from one type of wood to the next. Typically,
fruitwoods tend to distort more than others do. It also varies with the time of year the tree was cut and how the logs
are stored.
TOOLS FOR BOWL TURNING
The deep fluted bowl gouge is the most essential and versatile tool for most bowl and faceplate style turning. The
bowl gouge is heavier and easier to control than other types of gouges. It also allows removal of wood much faster
and with less vibration than other gouges. Most average sized bowl work can be accomplished with a 3/8" or 1/2"
bowl gouge. A 1/4" bowl gouge is best suited for smaller bowls and light finishing cuts. Larger 3/4" and 1" bowl
gouges are only used for extremely large pieces.
Large domed scrapers can also be used to help clean up the interior surfaces of bowls. A light touch with the scraper
slightly tilted will eliminate some of the ridges occasionally left by an inexperienced bowl gouge.
BOWL TURNING TECHNIQUES
TO SHAPE OUTSIDE OF BOWL:
1. Odd shaped burls, crotches and other irregular shaped blanks require special preparation before mounting in a
chuck or onto a faceplate. Remove the bark, if there is any, from what appears to be the center of the top of the
workpiece.
2. Drive spur center into the top of the workpiece with a mallet or dead blow hammer.
3. Slip the spur center into the headstock taper and bring the tailstock with a live or ball bearing center into
position. Lock the tailstock to the bed and advance the spindle in order to seat the cup center into the workpiece.
Tighten the quill lock.
4. Position tool support below the centerline and about 1/4" from the workpiece. (NOTE: For larger outboard
turning, an optional outboard turning stand is used to place the tool support; see your Powermatic dealer).
14
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
5. Turn workpiece by hand to ensure proper clearance.
6. Start lathe at lowest speed and bring it up to the maximum safe speed for the size of work to be turned (see
chart on page 9). If the machine starts to vibrate, lower the speed until vibration stops.
7. Rough out the outside of the bowl with the 1/2" deep fluted bowl gouge, holding the tool firmly against your hip.
For best control, use your whole body to move the gouge through the workpiece.
8. As bowl takes shape, work on the bottom (tailstock end) to accomodate attaching a face plate.
9. Turn a short tenon (about 1/8" long) the size of the hole in the faceplate, Figure 10. This will allow centering the
workpiece when the faceplate is attached. (NOTE: If you plan to use a chuck, turn a tenon of the appropriate length
and diameter to fit your chuck.)
10. Stop the lathe, remove workpiece
and attach face plate or chuck (see
"Mounting Stock" above).
11. Finish turning the outside of bowl
with 1/2" or 3/8" bowl gouge. Leave
additional material at base of bowl for
support while turning interior. This will
be removed later.
TO SHAPE INTERIOR OF BOWL:
1. Stop lathe and move tailstock away.
Remove center from tailstock to prevent
bumping it with elbow.
2. Adjust tool support in front of the
bowl just below centerline, at a right angle
to the lathe ways.
3. Rotate workpiece by hand to check
clearance.
4. Face off top of bowl by making a light shearing cut across the top of workpiece, from rim to center.
5. Place 1/2" bowl gouge on toolrest at center of the workpiece with the flute facing top of bowl. The tool handle
should be level and pointed toward four o'clock, as shown in Figure 11.
6. Use left hand to control cutting edge
of gouge, while right hand swings tool
handle around toward your body (see
Figure 11). The flute should start out
facing top of workpiece, and rotate
upward as it moves deeper into the bowl
to maintain a clean even curve.
As tool goes deeper into bowl,
progressively work out toward rim. It may
be necessary to turn the toolrest into the
piece as you get deeper into the bowl.
(NOTE: Try to make one, very light
continuous movement from the rim to the
bottom of the bowl to ensure a clean,
sweeping curve through the piece. Should
there be a few small ridges left, a light
cut with a large domed scraper can even
out the surface.)
7. Develop wall thickness at the rim and maintain it as you work deeper into the bowl (Once the piece is thin
toward the bottom, you cannot make it thinner at the rim). When the interior is finished, move tool support to exterior
to re-define bottom of bowl. (General rule of thumb: the base should be approximately 1/3 the overall diameter of
the bowl).
8. Work the tight area around faceplate or chuck with 1/4" bowl gouge.
9. Begin the separation with a parting tool, but do not cut all the way through yet.
15
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
SANDING AND FINISHING:
1. Remove the toolrest and adjust lathe speed to approximately 500 RPM. High speed can build friction while
sanding and cause heat check in some woods.
2. Begin with fine sandpaper (120 grit) and progress through each grit, using only light pressure. Coarser
sandpaper tends to leave deep scratches that are hard to eliminate. Use power-sanding techniques to avoid
concentric sanding marks around your finished piece. Avoid rounding over the rim and foot with sandpaper; try to
keep details crisp. Finish sanding with 220 grit.
3. Remove sanding dust with tack rags or compressed air and, with lathe turned off, apply first coat of finish. Let
stand for several minutes, wipe off excess. Allow to dry before sanding again with 320 or 400 grit sandpaper.
4. Turn lathe back on and continue the separation cut almost all the way through the base. Stop at about 3" and
use a small fine tooth saw to separate the bowl from the waste.
5. Apply second finish coat and allow to dry before buffing.
16
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
TROUBLE-SHOOTING (3520A Lathe)
PROBLEM
POSSIBLE CAUSE
SOLUTION
Excessive vibration.
1. Defective spindle bearings.
2. Worm or defective belt.
3. Defective motor.
1. Replace bearings.
2. Replace belt.
3. Replace motor.
4. Workpiece warped, out-of-round,
has major flaw, or was improperly
prepared for turning.
4. Correct problem by planing
or sawing, or scrap workpiece.
Motor or spindle stalls.
Motor overheats.
1. Excessive cut.
2. Defective motor.
3. Excessive belt wear.
4. Improper belt adjustment.
1. Reduce cut depth.
2. Replace motor.
3. Replace belt.
4. Readjust belt.
1. Motor overloaded.
1. Correct overload condition,
such as reducing cut depth.
2. Clean sawdust from fan and
duct areas of motor.
2. Improper cooling on motor.
Motor starts slowly or
fails to come up to speed.
1. Low voltage.
1. Request voltage check from
power company and correct
low voltage condition.
2. Defective motor.
2. Replace motor.
Motor fails to develop full
power.
1. Power line overloaded.
2. Undersize wires in supply system.
3. Low voltage.
1. Correct overload condition.
2. Increase supply wire size.
3. Request voltage check from
power company and correct
low voltage condition.
4. Defective motor.
4. Replace motor.
Tools tend to grab or dig in.
Lathe runs at one speed.
1. Dull tools.
2. Tool support set too low.
3. Tool support set too far from workpiece.
1. Sharpen tools.
2. Reposition tool support height.
3. Reposition tool support closer
to workpiece.
4. Improper tool being used.
4. Use correct tool for operation.
1. Electronic AC inverter defective, not
programmed properly or loose wiring.
1. Replace electronic AC inverter,
reprogram, or check wiring.
Headstock moves when
applying pressure with
tailstock.
1. Excessive pressure being applied by
tailstock (more than 500 lbs. of force)
NOTE: The screw action of the tailstock
is capable of applying excessive pressure
to workpiece and headstock. Apply only
sufficient force by tailstock to hold work-
piece securely in place. Excessive
1. Slide headstock down the left
side of the lathe against the
stop then apply pressure to
workpiece with tailstock.
pressure can cause damage to machine.
17
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
PARTS LIST: Headstock Assembly (3520A Lathe)
No. Part No.
Description
Quantity
2277128
Headstock Assembly ........................................................................................1
Headstock ........................................................................................................1
Motor Sheave...................................................................................................1
Motor Assembly Plate.......................................................................................1
Motor, 2HP, 220V, 60Hz...................................................................................1
Motor Plate Locking Handle..............................................................................1
Bearing.............................................................................................................1
Knob.................................................................................................................2
Flat Head Socket Screw, 3/8-16 x 1..................................................................4
Socket Set Screw, 1/4-20 x 3/8.........................................................................2
Lock Washer, 3/8..............................................................................................3
Socket Head Cap Screw, 3/8-16 x 1 .................................................................3
Handwheel........................................................................................................1
Slotted Head Steel Set Screw, 1/4-20 x 1/4 ......................................................2
Bearing Lock Nut..............................................................................................1
Bearing Lock Washer .......................................................................................1
Bearing.............................................................................................................1
Headstock Clamping Shaft ...............................................................................1
Bushing ............................................................................................................1
Headstock Handle ............................................................................................1
Inverter (Programmed 3520A) ..........................................................................1
Socket Head Cap Screw, 10/32 x 5/8.............................................................10
Lathe Guard Bracket.........................................................................................1
Retaining Collar................................................................................................2
Socket Set Screw, 1/4-20 x 3/8.........................................................................2
Plunger.............................................................................................................1
Flat Washer, 3/8 x 3/4 x 1/16 Thk.....................................................................2
Guard Assembly...............................................................................................1
Head Spindle....................................................................................................1
Key, 5/16..........................................................................................................1
Spur Center 1", MT2.........................................................................................1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
6294792
3719189
2595036
6294793
6350031
6060014
6430045
6716139
6714159
6861300
6716012
3271081
6714160
6549006
6864006
6060185
3708013
6095038
3268219
6294780
6760070
3064711
6143004
6714003
6644005
6296165
6294728
6295930
3388100
6294725
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
TS-0270011 Socket Set Screw, 5/16-18 x 1/4.......................................................................2
6295915
3578349
6295923
Control Pot .......................................................................................................1
Control Panel....................................................................................................1
Clamp Washer..................................................................................................1
TS-0810012 Pan Head Screw, #10-32 x 1/4 .........................................................................1
6430047
6294794
6601000
6294781
6295911
3578348
6508007
6860704
6365012
6708019
6520009
3092093
3058001
6760102
3719188
6077228
6294743
3670021
3406201
6083021
Control Panel Knob...........................................................................................1
Push/Pull Switch...............................................................................................1
"O" Ring ...........................................................................................................1
Lock Knob ........................................................................................................1
Pad...................................................................................................................1
Door Panel .......................................................................................................1
Nut ...................................................................................................................2
Lock Washer ....................................................................................................2
Door Hinge .......................................................................................................1
Socket Head Cap Screw, 8/32 x 5/8..................................................................4
Flex Lock Nut, 5/8-11 .......................................................................................1
Head Clamp .....................................................................................................1
Tool Support Clamp Bolt...................................................................................1
Socket Set Screw, 10/32 x 1.............................................................................1
Spindle Sheave ................................................................................................1
Micro V Belt......................................................................................................1
Knockout Rod Assembly (Items 55 & 56)..........................................................1
Knockout Rod...................................................................................................1
Teardrop Knob..................................................................................................1
Contact Block ...................................................................................................1
55
56
57
18
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
PARTS LIST: Headstock Assembly (3520A Lathe) continued
No. Part No.
Description
Quantity
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
6821492
6860800
6294782
3448048
6813062
3601006
3097007
6715015
6294783
6294784
6294785
6294736
6294786
6294787
6294788
6294744
6294789
6294790
6294791
6295733
FWD/REV Switch............................................................................................. 1
Plain Flat Washer, #10..................................................................................... 1
Hex Nut............................................................................................................ 1
Lock Plate........................................................................................................ 1
Compression Spring......................................................................................... 1
Spindle Lock Plunger ....................................................................................... 1
Locking Collar .................................................................................................. 1
Socket Head Set Screw, 5/16-18 x 1/4 ............................................................. 2
Motor Label...................................................................................................... 1
Speed Label..................................................................................................... 1
Control Panel Label.......................................................................................... 1
3" Face Plate, 1-1/4-8 ...................................................................................... 1
Spindle Lock Bracket ....................................................................................... 1
Power Cord...................................................................................................... 1
Control Cord..................................................................................................... 1
Face Plate Wrench .......................................................................................... 1
Motor Key ........................................................................................................ 1
Motor Cord....................................................................................................... 1
Hex Nut............................................................................................................ 2
Brake Resistor.................................................................................................. 1
TS-0640091 Nylon Lock Hex Nut, 3/8-16.............................................................................. 1
TS-1502071 Socket Head Cap Screw, M5 x 30.................................................................... 1
TS-1550031 Flat Washer, M5 .............................................................................................. 1
TS-1540031 Nut, M5............................................................................................................ 1
6295912
6295913
6295914
6295796
6860802
Clamp .............................................................................................................. 1
Clamp PG16 .................................................................................................... 2
Clamp PG11 .................................................................................................... 1
Nylon Set Screw, 1/4-20 x 3/8.......................................................................... 2
Lock Washer, #10 ............................................................................................ 2
19
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Headstock Assembly (3520A Lathe)
20
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
PARTS LIST: Stand & Bed Assembly (3520A Lathe)
No. Part No. Description
Quantity
1
6295920 Bed ..................................................................................................................... 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
3423053 Lathe Leg............................................................................................................ 2
6716012 Socket Head Cap Screw...................................................................................... 2
3761159 Stop Block........................................................................................................... 2
6294752 Tool Support Assembly (Consists of items 7, 8, 10, 14, 31, 48, 49, 51)................ 1
6294742 Tool Support 14" ................................................................................................. 1
6294756 Snap Ring ........................................................................................................... 2
6294757 Tool Support Clamp Shaft................................................................................... 1
6294759 Tool Support Clamp Bolt ..................................................................................... 1
6294763 Tool Rest Handle................................................................................................. 2
6295907 Tailstock.............................................................................................................. 1
6295908 Tailstock Quill ..................................................................................................... 1
6295902 Live Center Assembly (Consists of items 52, 53, 54, 55) ..................................... 1
3728005 Quill Lock Sleeve................................................................................................ 1
6295910 Tailstock Quill Handle ......................................................................................... 1
6760102 Socket Set Screw, 10/32 x 1................................................................................ 1
6623086 Dowel Pin............................................................................................................ 1
6295909 Quill Lead Screw................................................................................................. 1
6295918 Handwheel .......................................................................................................... 1
6715013 Socket Set Screw, 5/16-18 x 3/8.......................................................................... 3
3708012 Tailstock Clamping Shaft..................................................................................... 1
6294769 Hex Nut............................................................................................................... 1
6095038 Bushing............................................................................................................... 2
3268217 Tailstock Handle.................................................................................................. 1
6430045 Black Knob.......................................................................................................... 1
3096003 Collar .................................................................................................................. 1
6294772 Lock Washer....................................................................................................... 8
6295792 Socket Head Cap Screw, 3/8-16 x 1-1/4.............................................................. 8
6516009 Hex Jam Nut Plain, 3/8-16 .................................................................................. 4
6442000 Reid Leveler........................................................................................................ 4
6294773 Warning Label..................................................................................................... 1
6294774 Powermatic Name Plate...................................................................................... 1
6294775 I.D. Label ............................................................................................................ 1
6295751 Handle ................................................................................................................ 1
3058001 Tailstock Clamp Bolt ........................................................................................... 1
3092095 Tailstock/Toolrest Clamp..................................................................................... 2
6520009 Flex Lock Nut, 5/8-11 .......................................................................................... 2
6295899 Tool Support Base............................................................................................... 1
6295903 Live Center Body................................................................................................. 1
6295904 Live Center Tip.................................................................................................... 1
6295905 Live Center Cap .................................................................................................. 1
6295906 Live Center Rod .................................................................................................. 1
10
14
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
26
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
47
48
49
51
52
53
54
55
21
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Stand & Bed Assembly (3520A Lathe)
22
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES: Indexer & Bed Extensions (3520A Lathe)
No. Part No.
Description
Quantity
6294729
Indexing Assembly (Items 1 thru 5)
1
2
3
4
5
3097006
3406005
3585220
6714139
Indexing Collar..................................................................................................1
Adjusting Screw Knob.......................................................................................1
Indexing Pin......................................................................................................1
Socket Set Screw, 1/4-20 X 5/8.........................................................................2
TS-0267021 Socket Set Screw, 1/4-20 x 1/4.........................................................................1
6294727
18" Short Bed Extension (Items 6 thru 9)
6
7
8
9
TS-0680041 Flat Washer, 3/8 ...............................................................................................3
6295921
6716017
6861300
Short Bed .........................................................................................................1
Socket Head Cap Screw, 3/8-16 x 1-3/4............................................................3
Lock Washer, 3/8..............................................................................................3
6294726
50" Full Bed Extension (Items 6 & 8 thru 14)
6
TS-0680041 Flat Washer, 3/8 ...............................................................................................3
8
9
6716017
6861300
6516009
6295920
3423053
6442000
6716015
Socket Head Cap Screw, 3/8-16 x 1-3/4............................................................3
Lock Washer, 3/8..............................................................................................7
Plain Hex Jam Nut, 3/8-16................................................................................2
Long Bed ..........................................................................................................1
Lathe Leg..........................................................................................................1
Leveler .............................................................................................................2
Socket Head Cap Screw, 3/8-16 x 1-1/2............................................................4
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
6294734
6294735
Spindle Adapter, 1-1/4"-8 to 1-1/2"-8
2" Spindle Extension
23
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES: Indexer & Bed Extensions (3520A Lathe)
24
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES: Tool Supports (3520A Lathe)
No. Part No. Description
1
2
4
3585011 Tool Support Pin 5/8 X .495 X 3.50
6294745 Ball Bearing Tailstock Center (not shown)
6294730 12" Metal Spinning Tool Support Assembly (Items 1 and 4)
6294731 26" Tool Support Assembly (Items 6 thru 8)
6294795 Tool Support Post
7
8
9
10
11
12
6716219 Socket Head Cap Screw, 3/8-16 x 6-1/4
6294740 Bowl Turning Tool Support, R.H.
6294751 Bowl Turning Tool Support, L.H.
6294741 16" Tool Support
6294739
6" Tool Support
6294742 14" Tool Support
25
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
OPTIONAL ACCESSORY: Outboard Turning Stand (3520A Lathe)
No. Part No. Description
6294732 Heavy Duty Outboard Turning Stand (Items 1 thru 9)
1
2
3
4
7
8
9
3042503 Turning Stand Base
6295897 Offset Tool Support Pin, 1.00 dia.
6295898 Offset Tool Support Casting 1.00 hole
2695026 Screw Lock Assembly
3423055 Turning Stand Screw Leg
6861700 Lock Washer, 5/8
6769002 Socket Head Cap Screw, 5/8-18 x 2
26
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES (3520A Lathe)
No. Part No. Description
1
2
3
4
6294736 3" Face Plate, 1-1/4-8 (STD.)
6294737 4" Face Plate, 1-1/4-8 (OPT.)
6294738 7" Face Plate, 1-1/4-8 (OPT.)
6294744 Face Plate Wrench
OPTIONAL ACCESSORY
Part No.
Description
6294733
Remote ON/OFF Switch
OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES
Part No.
Description
6294725
6294728
6294743
Spur Center, 1"
Guard Assembly
Knock Out Rod
27
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
ELECTRICAL SCHEMATIC: 3520A Lathe
28
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
ELECTRICAL: Remote ON/OFF Switch (Optional)
NOTE:
The lathe can only operate when both the
headstock and remote switches are in the
"ON" position.
STEP 1:
Disconnect all electrical power to lathe.
STEP 2:
Remove the two screws from the control panel.
Do NOT disconnect control panel from wiring harness.
STEP 3:
Run the remote switch's wiring harness through the opening in the back of the headstock and out through
the front of the headstock.
STEP 4:
Connect the remote switch wiring harness to the back of the Push/Pull switch
(Refer to the electrical schematic on page 29).
STEP 5:
Reinstall the control panel to the headstock.
From the back of the headstock, lightly pull out any excess wire that may be inside the headstock.
STEP 6:
The magnetic back on the remote switch will allow the switch to be placed anywhere on the lathe.
STEP 7:
Connect electrical power to the lathe and resume operation.
29
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
ELECTRICAL SCHEMATIC: 3520A Lathe with Remote Switch (Optional)
30
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
ELECTRICAL SCHEMATIC: 3520A School Lathe (#1352002)
31
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
ELECTRICAL SCHEMATIC: 3520A School Lathe - 2330009 Kit
32
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
AC INVERTER READINGS: Lathe Speed Chart
33
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Instructions for Mounting Indexing Assembly (Optional Accessory)
1. Remove the handwheel. Loosen the two set screws and slide the handwheel off.
2. If your lathe was purchased before January 1998, you must drill a 1/4" hole into the headstock so that
the indexer will work properly. Before the 1/4" hole can be drilled you must first make sure that the 1/4"
hole will line up with the holes in the indexer. To do this you will need a small center punch that can be
placed through one of the tapped holes in the indexer. Install the indexer onto the spindle. Slide the
indexer up to the headstock leaving approximately an 1/8" gap between the face of the indexer and the
headstock. (The hub of the indexer, which has the two set screw holes, should be pointing away from
the headstock.) Using one of the tapped holes in the indexer as a guide, place the center punch
through one of the holes in the indexer. With a hammer, strike the end of the center punch making a
mark on the headstock.
3. Remove the indexer from the spindle.
4. Using a 1/4" drill bit, drill a hole at the mark made by the center punch.
5. Install the indexer onto the spindle. Slide the indexer up to the headstock leaving approximately an 1/8"
gap between the face of the indexer and the headstock.
6. Locate one of the set screws on the indexer over the keyway slot on the spindle. Tighten securely both
set screws.
7. Install indexing pin into the indexer by screwing it into one of the tapped holes. The indexing pin knob
should be turned until the indexing pin engages the 1/4" drilled hole. Tighten indexing pin securely.
8. Remove indexing pin from indexer before operating lathe!
34
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
To order parts or reach our service department, please call our toll-free number between 8:00 a.m. and 4:30 p.m.
(CST), Monday through Friday. Having the Model Number and Serial Number of your machine available when you
call will allow us to serve you quickly and accurately. Locating the stock number of the part(s) required from your
parts manual will also expedite your order.
Phone No.: (800) 248-0144
Fax No.
(800) 274-6840
If you are calling from Canada, please call 800-238-4746
E-mail: [email protected]
35
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
03/03
WMH Tool Group
427 Sanford Rd.
LaVergne, TN 37086
Phone:(800) 248-0144
Fax: (800) 274-6840
E-mail: [email protected]
Powermatic
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
|