Philips Microscope Magnifier CM12 User Manual

Philips CM12 (S)TEM  
Alignment & Setup  
Manual  
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Erwin Sabio  
Philips CM12 Alignment & Setup Manual  
Page 3  
Table of Contents  
Parts of the CM12  
The Microscope  
4
The Control Panels  
The Specimen Holder  
The Side Entry Specimen Chamber  
Start-up Procedure  
7
9
Powering up the Microscope  
Saturating the Filament  
Column Alignment  
Centering the Beam  
Alignment of Thermionic Gun  
Condenser Aperture Adjustment  
Condenser Astigmatism Correction  
Sample Loading and Unloading  
Mounting the Specimen  
11  
Inserting the Specimen Holder  
Sample Image Adjustment  
Optimizing Eucentric Height  
Adjusting Rotation Center  
Centering the Pivot Point  
Removing the Sample  
Obtaining the Image  
14  
Fine Tuning the Microscope  
Capturing the Image  
Power Down Sequence  
Photo Credits  
15  
16  
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Erwin Sabio  
Philips CM12 Alignment & Setup Manual  
Page 4  
Parts of the CM12  
The Microscope  
1
2
4
3
5
6
8
7
Figure 1 The Philips CM12 (S)TEM Microscope  
A filament tip (LaB6 in this case) that emits electrons  
upon application of electrical current.  
1 Electron Gun  
An area that houses the condenser aperture, control  
knobs, and related circuitry.  
2 Condenser Aperture  
Assembly  
3 Specimen Chamber/Holder  
4 Objective Aperture  
Assembly  
5 Field Limiting Aperture  
Assembly  
6 Binoculars  
High vacuum tunnel where the specimen is inserted.  
An area that houses the objective aperture, control  
knobs, and related circuitry.  
An area that houses the intermediate lens aperture,  
control knobs, and related circuitry.  
Eyepieces used to view the projected image up close.  
Glass windows (another on the left side) where the  
large phosphor screen can be viewed.  
Two knobs that control the translational coordinates of  
the sample image.  
7 Viewing Window  
8 Mechanical Stage Controls  
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Erwin Sabio  
Philips CM12 Alignment & Setup Manual  
Page 5  
The Control Panels  
Left Control Panel  
10  
9
Figure 2 The Control Panel located to the left of the microscope column.  
Right Control Panel  
16  
11  
12  
17  
18  
13  
14  
19  
15  
20  
21  
Figure 3 The main control panel on the right hand side of the microscope.  
9 Intensity Knob  
16 Emission Meter  
10 Fine Adjustment Knob  
11 Screen  
12 Screen Control Buttons  
13 Power Switch  
14 Magnification Knob  
15 Beam Shift Knobs  
17 High Tension Button  
18 Filament Control Knob  
19 Ready Button  
20 Focus/Focus Step Knob  
21 Multifunction Control Knob  
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Erwin Sabio  
Philips CM12 Alignment & Setup Manual  
Page 6  
The Specimen Holder  
23  
24  
22  
Figure 4 The CM12 Specimen Holder  
22 Black Cap  
23 O-ring  
24 Specimen Cavity & Clamp  
The Side Entry Specimen Chamber  
25  
27  
26  
28  
Figure 5 The Side Entry Chamber  
25 Tilt Knob  
26 Indicator Light  
27 Z-Adjustment Knob  
28 Tilt Lock Lever  
Startup Procedure  
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Erwin Sabio  
Philips CM12 Alignment & Setup Manual  
Page 7  
Powering Up the Microscope  
1. Start by logging in to the computer connected to the  
TEM. Login is a necessary step to prevent  
unauthorized users from accessing the microscope.  
Without login, the control panel is not accessible.  
2. Turn on the control panel by pushing the Power Switch  
[13] on the left hand side of the screen.  
3. At this point, the main menu will appear on the computer  
screen. (Note: pressing the READY [19] button at any  
time will revert the screen back to this menu)  
Figure 6 The main menu screen of the  
CM12 TEM  
4. Select VACUUM from the main menu to check for the  
vacuum settings. P3 must be less than 50 while IGP  
must be less than 35.  
5. Before powering the gun, go to MODE > TEM >  
PARAMETER from the main screen to check the current  
and voltage setting that will be applied to the gun.  
Ideally the current should be around 3 and the voltage  
at 100keV and should be kept at these levels.  
6. Finally, push the HIGH TENSION [17] button to turn on  
the current on the electron gun. Wait for the needle in  
the emission meter [16] to kick twice to full deflection  
then return to the zero position, after which the  
microscope is fully powered up for operation.  
Figure 7 The needle will kick twice to  
the right after the High Tension button  
is turned on.  
Saturating the Filament  
1. Once the microscope is powered up, the filament must  
be heated to adjust the intensity of the electron beam.  
2. Go to MODE > CONFIGURATION to view the filament  
saturation window. The screen will show a FIL LIMIT of  
24 indicating maximum saturation.  
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Erwin Sabio  
Philips CM12 Alignment & Setup Manual  
Page 8  
3. Start saturating the filament by slowly turning the  
Filament Knob [18] clockwise. Each click raises the  
level by one with a wait time of 5 seconds between each  
step.  
4. As the filament saturation is being adjusted, check the  
green beam on the large screen inside the viewing  
chamber [7]. The brightness of this beam indicates the  
relative intensity of the actual electron beam. Turn the  
filament knob to reach just enough brightness of the  
beam. Turning the knob above the FIL LIMIT will not  
increase the brightness of the beam.  
Figure 8 The green beam seen at the  
viewing screen represents visually the  
beam of electrons.  
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Erwin Sabio  
Philips CM12 Alignment & Setup Manual  
Page 9  
Column Alignment  
Centering the Beam  
1. To center the beam more easily, adjust the intensity  
knob [9] to find the cross over i.e. the brightest and  
more focused beam setting. (Note: if the intensity knob  
is a little hard to control, press the FINE button [10] to  
spread or concentrate the beam more slowly.)  
2. Check to see if the center of the beam coincides with  
the black dot on the screen.  
3. Use the X & Y shift knobs [15] to center the beam.  
Alignment of the Thermionic Gun  
1. Adjusting the tilt of the gun ensures that the beam of  
electrons is directed to the center of the sample area.  
Start by centering the cross-over beam as described  
earlier.  
2. Undersaturate the gun by going to MODE >  
CONFIGURATION and turning the Filament Knob [18]  
counter-colckwise until the shadow of the filament  
becomes visible in the beam as in Figure 9.  
Figure 9 The shadow of the filament  
becomes visible at low saturation.  
3. Press the ALGN button to the right of the multifunction  
knobs [21] then select GUN > TILT from the menu that  
appears onscreen. At this point the multifunction X/Y  
knobs become active and now be used to adjust the tilt  
of the gun.  
Figure 10 The STIG, DF, and ALGN  
buttons activate the multi-function  
knobs.  
4. Adjust the multifunction X/Y knobs until the shadow of  
the gun in the beam becomes centered and as  
symmetric as possible.  
5. Once the gun has been tilted correctly, press the ALGN  
button again to exit the gun alignment mode.  
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Erwin Sabio  
Philips CM12 Alignment & Setup Manual  
Page 10  
Condenser Aperture Adjustment  
1. The condenser aperture controls the beam that passes  
through the condenser lens. If the aperture is not  
aligned, the beam will not spread concentrically on  
either side of the cross-over when the intensity knob is  
turned. Start aligning by spreading the beam on one  
direction past the crossover.  
Figure 11 A non-concentric beam is  
seen when the condenser aperture is not  
aligned.  
2. Adjust the knobs found on the condenser aperture  
assembly [2] until the beam becomes centered.  
3. Spread the beam toward the other direction and adjust  
the condenser aperture knobs once more.  
4. Repeat the above steps until the beam spreads  
concentrically on either direction past the cross-over.  
Condenser Astigmatism Correction  
1. Asymmetric magnetic fields around the condenser lens  
results in an unbalanced focus of the beam. This  
phenomenon is called astigmatism. When this  
happens, the beam spreads as asymmetric ellipses on  
either direction past the cross-over when the intensity  
knob is turned. Start correcting astigmatism by  
spreading the beam on one direction past the crossover.  
Figure 12 Schematic of the symptom of  
condenser astigmatism  
2. Press the STIG button found near the ALGN button  
shown in Figure 10 then select condenser from the  
menu that appears onscreen.  
3. The STIG button once again activates the multifunction  
X/Y knobs. Use these to adjust the beam so that it  
becomes circular.  
3. Spread the beam toward the other direction and adjust  
the multifunction X/Y knobs once more.  
4. Press the STIG button once the astigmatism has been  
corrected to exit stigmation mode.  
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Erwin Sabio  
Philips CM12 Alignment & Setup Manual  
Page 11  
Sample Loading & Unloading  
Mounting the Sample  
1. Samples for the CM12 are deposited as thin films on a  
copper mesh grid such as in Figure 13. This grid is the  
one loaded into the specimen holder (Figure 4) by first  
lifting the specimen clamp [24] using a pin-looking tool.  
(Note: Care must be taken to lift the clamp very gently  
so as not to break the fragile contraption. In addition,  
never touch the rod between the o-ring [23] and the  
specimen cavity at any point during sample mounting.)  
Figure 13 An example of a TEM grid  
used to hold thin film samples  
2. Using a pair of tweezers, carefully grab one side of the  
sample grid and lower it into the specimen cavity.  
(Note: Never grab the mesh in any other way so as not  
to distort the mesh or scrape away the sample.)  
3. Gently lower the clamp in place using the pin tool to  
ensure the sample is locked in place.  
Inserting the Specimen Holder  
1. Before inserting the specimen holder into the side entry  
chamber [3] (also called goniometer), check to make  
sure the tilt [25] is at 0 degrees and the lever [28] is in  
lock position.  
2. Grab the end of the specimen holder nearest the black  
cap [22] and ensure that the slit on the cap is at the 8:00  
position when inserted to the chamber. Push the holder  
further until a click as heard.  
3. The red indicator light [26] will turn on as the chamber  
begins to be evacuated. Wait for this light to turn off  
before proceeding to the next step.  
4. When the light goes off, turn the specimen holder  
counter clockwise until the slit is at the 3:00 position.  
5. Gently support the rod as it gets sucked further into the  
chamber to prevent damage to the tip with the sample.  
6. To “see” the sample on the large screen, spread the  
beam then adjust the stage controls [8] so that the  
viewing area is at the center of the opaque grid.  
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Erwin Sabio  
Philips CM12 Alignment & Setup Manual  
Page 12  
Sample Image Adjustment-Optimizing Eucentric (Z) Height  
1. Adjust the beam intensity on the sample or increase the  
magnification by turning the magnification knob [14] to  
see certain structures of the sample. Then pick a  
feature on the center of the sample as a reference point  
for adjusting the Z-height.  
Figure 14 The center of the four holes  
in this sample can be chosen as a  
reference point for z-height adjustment.  
2. Unlock the tilt lever and tilt the sample from +10 degrees  
to -10 degrees to see how far the reference point  
moves. Return the sample to 0 tilt.  
3. Turn the z-height knob [27] to one direction then tilt the  
sample +/-10 degrees again to check the movement of  
the reference point. If the movement becomes smaller,  
continue turning the knob in that direction. Otherwise,  
turn the other way.  
4. Continue alternating between turning the z-knob and  
tilting the device until the movement of the reference  
point reaches a minimum. At this point, the optimal z-  
height has been reached.  
5. Return the tilt to 0 degree then put the lever in lock  
position.  
Sample Image Adjustment-Adjusting Rotation Center  
1. As in z-height adjustment, begin by choosing a central  
feature or the sample as a reference point.  
2. Press the ALGN button on the control panel and select  
ROT CENTER from the onscreen menu.  
3. The image should wobble in and out i.e. symmetrically  
around the center when the objective rotation center is  
aligned. If the reference point moves in addition to the  
wobbling, adjust the multifunction X/Y knobs until the  
reference point stays put.  
4. Another way to check if the rotation center is aligned is  
to got to different focus steps by turning the outer knob  
of the focus-focus step knob [20]. The wobbling of the  
sample should appear relatively the same at different  
focus steps.  
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Erwin Sabio  
Philips CM12 Alignment & Setup Manual  
Page 13  
5. Once rotation center has been aligned, press ALGN to  
exit the current mode.  
Sample Image Adjustment-Centering the Pivot Point  
1. Adjusting the pivot point ensures that the beam of  
electrons coincide in one spot. To start, go to the  
crossover of the beam.  
2. Press the ALGN button then select PIVOT PT X from  
the onscreen menu. If the beam splits into two, then the  
pivot point needs to be aligned. Use the multifunction  
knobs to coincide the beams.  
Figure 15 If the beam splits into two  
when entering the pivot point alignment  
menu, the pivot point must be adjusted.  
3. Next, select PIVOT PT Y and again coincide the beams  
if necessary using the multifunction knobs.  
4. Press the ALGN button again to exit the align mode.  
Removing the Sample  
1. Ensure once again that the tilt of the sample is at 0 and  
the level is in lock position.  
2. Pull the black cap of the sample holder until a natural  
stop is felt.  
3. Rotate the specimen holder clockwise until the slit  
returns to the 8:00 position.  
4. Gently pull the specimen holder until it fully comes out of  
the specimen chamber.  
5. Remove the sample grid from the holder following the  
steps for mounting in reverse order.  
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Erwin Sabio  
Philips CM12 Alignment & Setup Manual  
Page 14  
Obtaining the Image  
Fine Tuning the Microscope  
1. Use the mechanical stage controls to select certain  
areas of the sample to be captured.  
2. Increase the magnification and adjust the focus knobs  
as necessary to see textures and fine features of the  
sample.  
3. Use the binoculars [6] and small viewing screen as  
necessary to look at desired areas of the sample.  
Capturing the Image  
1. Spread the beam to illuminate a wide area and take out  
the viewing screen out of the way of the camera by  
pulling a lever on the left side of the viewing chamber.  
2. Switch to the computer and access the iTEM imaging  
software. Click on the ACQUIRE button to see a live  
image of the sample on the computer screen.  
3. If ready, click on SNAPSHOT to capture a still image of  
the sample.  
4. Click on STOP ACQUISITION right away to prevent the  
camera from being exposed to the electron beams for a  
long period of time.  
5. Click on CAMERA CONTROL to lower exposure times  
when necessary.  
Figure 16 The image captured from a sample during an EMS230 lab session  
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Erwin Sabio  
Philips CM12 Alignment & Setup Manual  
Page 15  
Power Down Sequence  
1. Return the viewing screen back to its original position  
and spread the beam.  
2. If high magnification was used, lower the magnification  
to about 7100x by moving the magnification knob  
counter-clockwise.  
3. Go to MODE > CONFIGURATION then turn the filament  
knob counter-clockwise until the filament level goes  
back to zero. (Note: There is no wait time when  
decreasing the filament saturation.  
4. Turn off the HIGH TENSION switch and turn off the  
control panel. If another user will use the microscope  
soon after, just press VACUUM from the main menu to  
see the vacuum status then leave it at that.  
5. Cover the viewing windows with their lids.  
6. Logoff from the computer to lock the control panel.  
7. Sign the microscope user logsheet and indicate if the  
microscope has been in good working condition.  
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Erwin Sabio  
Philips CM12 Alignment & Setup Manual  
Page 16  
Photo Credits  
Figure #  
Source  
1
Mehraeen S. (2007, January 19). 230L, first report. Email  
attachment.  
2
Browning, Nigel (2006). 1Experiment. p. 4, EMS 230L Internal  
Presentation.  
3
4
5
Ibid.  
Ibid.  
Mehraeen S. (2007, January 19). 230L, first report. Email  
attachment.  
6
7
8
9
Author’s photo  
Ibid.  
Ibid.  
Williams, David B. and Carter, C. Barry (1996). Transmission  
Electron Microscopy. (Volume I, p. 74). New York: Plenum  
Press.  
10  
11  
12  
13  
Author’s photo  
Williams, p. 137.  
Ibid.  
Gilder Grids. Retrieved 2007, January 17 from  
14  
Untitled. Retrieved 2007, January 22 from  
Author’s photo  
15  
16  
Ibid.  
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