Maxtor Microscope Magnifier 2B010H1 User Manual

Maxtor 541DX Product Manual

Models: 2B020H1, 2B015H1, 2B010H1

P/N:1546/A

This publication could include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors.

Changesareperiodicallymadetotheinformationherein–whichwillbeincorporated

in revised editions of the publication. Maxtor may make changes or improvements

in the product(s) described in this publication at any time and without notice.

MaxFax^®and No Quibble Service^®are registered trademarks of Maxtor

Corporation. Other brands or products are trademarks or registered

trademarks of their respective holders.

Corporate Headquarters

500 McCarthy Blvd.

Milpitas, California 95035

Tel: 408-432-1700

Research and Development Center

2452 Clover Basin Drive

Longmont, Colorado 80503

Tel: 303-651-6000

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Contents

Section 1—Introduction

Maxtor Corporation

Products

1 - 1

1 - 2

Support

Manual Organization

Abbreviations

Conventions

Key Words

Numbering

Signal Conventions

Section 2—ProductDescription

Product Features

2 - 2

2 - 3

2 - 4

2 - 5

2 - 6

Functional/Interface

Zone Density Recording

Read/Write Multiple Mode

Ultra ATA - Mode 5

Multi-word DMA (EISA Type B) - Mode 2

Sector Address Translation

Logical Block Addressing

Defect Management Zone

On-the-Fly Hardware Error Correction Code (ECC)

Software ECC Correction

Automatic Head Park and Lock Operation

Cache Management

Buffer Segmentation

Read-Ahead Mode

Automatic Write Reallocation (AWR)

Write Cache Stacking

Major HDA Components

Drive Mechanism

Rotary Actuator

Read/Write Electronics

Read/Write Heads and Media

Air Filtration System

Microprocessor

Subsystem Configuration

Dual Drive Support

Cable Select Option

Jumper Location/Configuration

Cylinder Limitation

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Section 3—ProductSpecifications

Models and Capacities

Drive Configuration

Performance Specifications

Physical Dimensions

Power Requirements

Power Mode Definitions

Spin-up

3 - 1

3 - 2

3 - 3

3 - 4

3 - 5

Seek

Read/Write

Idle

Standby

Sleep

EPA Energy Star Compliance

Environmental Limits

Shock and Vibration

Reliability Specifications

Annual Return Rate

Quality Acceptance Rate

Start/Stop Cycles

Data Reliability

Component Design Life

EMC/EMI

EMC Compliance

Canadian Emissions Statement

Safety Regulatory Compliance

Section 4—Handling and Installation

Hard Drive Handling Precautions

Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)

Unpacking and Inspection

Repacking

4 - 1

4 - 2

4 - 3

4 - 4

4 - 5

Physical Installation

Before You Begin

Please Read

Back up. Protect Your Existing Data

Tools for Installation

System Requirements

Operating System Requirements

Hook up

Boot the System with MaxBlast Plus Diskette

Configure the Drive Jumpers

Installaing 5.25-inch Mounting Brackets

Install Hard Drive in Device Bay

Attach Interface and Power Cables

Start up

Set up

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Section 5—AT Interface Description

Interface Connector

Pin Description Summary

Pin Description Table

PIO Timing

5 - 1

5 - 2

5 - 3

5 - 4

5 - 5

DMA Timing

Ultra DMA Timing Parameters

Section 6—Host Software Interface

Task File Registers

6 - 1

6 - 2

6 - 3

6 - 4

6 - 5

6 - 6

Data Register

Error Register

Features Register

Sector Count Register

Sector Number Register

Cylinder Number Registers

Device/Head Register

Status Register

Command Register

Read Commands

Write Commands

Mode Set/Check Commands

Power Mode Commands

Initialization Commands

Seek, Format, and Diagnostic Commands

S.M.A.R.T. Commands

Summary

Control Diagnostic Registers

Alternate Status Register

Device Control Register

Digital Input Register

Reset and Interrupt Handling

Section7—InterfaceCommands

Command Summary

Read Commands

Read Sector(s)

7 - 1

7 - 2

7 - 3

7 - 4

Read Verify Sector(s)

Read Sector Buffer

Read DMA

Read Multiple

Set Multiple

Write Commands

Write Sector(s)

iii

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Write Verify Sector(s)

Write Sector Buffer

Write DMA

7 - 4

7 - 5

7 - 6

7 - 7

7 - 8

7 - 9

7 - 10

7 - 13

7 - 14

7 - 15

Write Multiple

Mode Set/Check Commands

Set Features Mode

Read Native Max Address

Set Max

Set Max Password

Set Max Lock

Set Max Unlock

Set Max Freeze Lock

Power Mode Commands

Standby Immediate

Idle Immediate

Standby

Idle

Check Power Mode

Set Sleep Mode

Default Power-on Condition

Initialization Commands

Identify Drive

Initialize Drive Parameters

Seek, Format, and Diagnostic Commands

S.M.A.R.T. Command Set

Section 8—Service and Support

Service Policy

No Quibble Service

Support

8 - 1

Glossary

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Figures

Figure

Title

Page

2 - 1

3 - 1

4 - 1

4 - 2

4 - 3

4 - 4

5 - 1

5 - 2

5 - 3

5 - 4

5 - 5

5 - 6

5 - 7

5 - 8

5 - 9

5 - 10

5 - 11

5 - 12

5 - 13

PCBA Jumper Location and Configuration

2 - 6

3 - 2

4 - 2

4 - 3

4 - 5

5 - 1

5 - 3

5 - 4

5 - 5

5 - 6

5 - 7

5 - 8

5 - 9

5 - 10

Outline and Mounting Dimensions

Multi-pack Shipping Container

Single-pack Shipping Container (Option A)

Single-pack Shipping Container (Option B)

IDE Interface and Power Cabling Detail

Data Connector

PIO Data Transfer to/from Device

Multi-word DMA Data Transfer

Initiating an Ultra DMA Data In Burst

Sustained Ultra DMA Data In Burst

Host Pausing an Ultra DMA Data In Burst

Device Terminating an Ultra DMA Data In Burst

Host Terminating an Ultra DMA Data In Burst

Initiating an Ultra DMA Data Out Burst

Sustained Ultra DMA Data Out Burst

Device Pausing an Ultra DMA Data Out Burst

Host Terminating an Ultra DMA Data Out Burst

Device Terminating an Ultra DMA Data Out Burst

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INTRODUCTION

SECTION 1

Introduction

MaxtorCorporation

Maxtor Corporation has been providing high-quality computer storage products since 1982. Along the way,

we’ve seen many changes in data storage needs. Not long ago, only a handful of specific users needed more than

a couple hundred megabytes of storage. Today, downloading from the Internet and CD-ROMs, multimedia,

networking and advanced office applications are driving storage needs even higher. Even home PC applications

need capacities measured in gigabytes, not megabytes.

Products

Maxtor’s products meet the demanding data storage capacity requirements of today and tomorrow. They are

available in 5400- and 7200- RPM configurations with capacity offerings from 10 to 80 GB and beyond.

Support

No matter which capacity, all Maxtor hard drives are supported by our commitment to total customer

satisfaction and our No Quibble Service^®guarantee. One call – or a visit to our home page on the Internet

(www.maxtor.com) – puts you in touch with either technical support or customer service. We’ll provide

you the information you need quickly, accurately and in the form you prefer – a fax, a downloaded file or

a conversation with a representative.

ManualOrganization

This hard disk drive reference manual is organized in the following method:

Section 1 – Introduction

Section 2 – Product Description

Section 3 – Product Specifications

Section 4 – Handling and Installation

Section 5 – AT Interface Description

Section 6 – Host Software Interface

Section 7 – Interface Commands

Section 8 – Service and Support

Appendix – Glossary

Abbreviations

ABBRV DESCRIPTION

ATA AT attachment

bpi bits per inch

MB megabyte

Mbits/sec megabits per second

CHS cylinder - head - sector

db decibels

MB/sec megabytes per second

MHz megahertz

dBA decibels, A weighted

DMA direct memory access

ECC error correction code

fci flux changes per inch

ms millisecond

MSB most significant bit

mV millivolts

ns nanoseconds

acceleration

PIO programmed input/output

RPM revolutions per minute

tpi tracks per inch

GB gigabyte

Hz hertz

KB kilobyte

UDMA ultra direct memory access

µsec microsecond

LBA logical block address(ing)

LSB least significant bit

mA milliamperes

volts

watts

1 – 1

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INTRODUCTION

Conventions

If there is a conflict between text and tables, the table shall be accepted as being correct.

Key Words

The names of abbreviations, commands, fields and acronyms used as signal names are in all uppercase type

(e.g., IDENTIFY DRIVE). Fields containing only one bit are usually referred to as the “name” bit instead of

the “name” field.

Names of drive registers begin with a capital letter (e.g., Cylinder High register).

Numbering

Numbers that are not followed by a lowercase “b” or “h” are decimal values. Numbers that are followed by

a lowercase “b” (e.g., 01b) are binary values. Numbers that are followed by a lowercase “h” (e.g., 3Ah) are

hexadecimal values.

Signal Conventions

Signal names are shown in all uppercase type.

All signals are either high active or low active signals. A dash character (-) at the end of a signal name

indicates that the signal is low active. A low active signal is true when it is below ViL and is false when it is

above ViH. A signal without a dash at the end indicates that the signal is high active. A high active signal is

true when it is above ViH and is false when it is below ViL.

When a signal is asserted, it means the signal is driven by an active circuit to its true state.

When a signal is negated, it means the signal is driven by an active circuit to its false state.

When a signal is released, it means the signal is not actively driven to any state. Some signals have bias

circuitry that pull the signal to either a true or false state when no signal driver is actively asserting or negating

the signal. These instances are noted under the description of the signal.

1 – 2

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PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

SECTION 2

ProductDescription

Maxtor hard disk drives are 17.5 mm high, 3.5-inch diameter random access storage devices which incorporate an

on-board Ultra ATA/100 interface controller. High capacity is achieved by a balanced combination of high areal

recording density and the latest data encoding and servo techniques.

Maxtor's latest advancements in electronic packaging and integration methods have lowered the drive's power

consumption and increased its reliability. Exceptional data transfer speeds, 5400 RPM spin speed and 12 ms access

times make these entry-class disk drives ideally-suited to desktop storage and consumer electronics applications.

Key Features

ANSI ATA-5/6 compliant PIO Mode 5 interface (Enhanced IDE)

Supports Ultra DMA Mode 5 for up to 100 MBytes/sec data transfers

2 MB buffer with multi-adaptive cache manager

5400 RPM spin speed

12 ms seek time

Zone density and I.D.-less recording

Outstanding shock resistance at 300 Gs

Custom load/unload ramp feature

High durability with 50K contact start/stop cycles

Advanced multi-burst on-the-fly Error Correction Code (ECC)

Extended data integrity with ECC protected data and fault tolerant servo synchronization fields

Supports EPA Energy Star Standards (Green PC Friendly) with ATA powering savings commands

Auto park and lock actuator mechanism

Low power consumption

S.M.A.R.T. Capability

Note: GB means 1 billion bytes. Total accessible capacity varies depending on operating environment.

2 – 1

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PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

Product Features

Functional / Interface

Maxtor hard drives contain all necessary mechanical and electronic parts to interpret control signals and

commands from an AT-compatible host computer. See Section 3 Product Specifications, for complete

drive specifications.

Zone Density Recording

The disk capacity is increased with bit density management – common with Zone Density Recording.

Each disk surface is divided into 16 circumferential zones. All tracks within a given zone contain a

constant number of data sectors. The number of data sectors per track varies in different zones; the

outermost zone contains the largest number of data sectors and the innermost contains the fewest.

Read / Write Multiple Mode

This mode is implemented per ANSI ATA/ATAPI-5 specification. Read/Write Multiple allows the

host to transfer a set number of sectors without an interrupt request between them, reducing transfer

process overhead and improving host performance.

UltraDMA - Mode 5

Maxtor hard drives fully comply with the new ANSI Ultra DMA protocol, which greatly improves

overall AT interface performance by significantly improving burst and sustained data throughput.

Multi-word DMA (EISA Type B) - Mode 2

Supports multi-word Direct Memory Access (DMA) EISA Type B mode transfers.

Sector Address Translation

All Maxtor hard drives feature a universal translate mode. In an AT/EISA-class system, the drive may

be configured to any specified combination of cylinders, heads and sectors (within the range of the

drive's formatted capacity). Maxtor hard drives power-up in a translate mode:

MODELS

2B020H1

2B015H1

2B010H1

CYL

39 703

29 975

19 854

SP T

MAX LBA

40 020 624

30 214 800

20 012 832

CAPACITY

20.4 GB

15.4 GB

10.2 GB

Logical Block Addressing

The Logical Block Address (LBA) mode can only be utilized in systems that support this form of translation.

The cylinder, head and sector geometry of the drive, as presented to the host, differs from the actual physical

geometry. The host AT computer may access a drive of set parameters: number of cylinders, heads and sectors

per track, plus cylinder, head and sector addresses. However, the drive can’t use these host parameters directly

because of zoned recording techniques. The drive translates the host parameters to a set of logical internal

addresses for data access.

The host drive geometry parameters are mapped into an LBA based on this formula:

LBA

= (HSCA - 1) + HHDA x HSPT + HNHD x HSPT x HCYA

= (HSCA - 1) + HSPT x (HHDA + HNHD x HCYA)

HSCA = Host Sector Address, HHDA = Host Head Address

HCYA = Host Cylinder Address, HNHD = Host Number of Heads

HSPT = Host Sectors per Track

(1)

(2)

where

The LBA is checked for violating the drive capacity. If it does not, the LBA is converted to physical drive

cylinder, head and sector values. The physical address is then used to access or store the data on the disk

and for other drive related operations.

2 – 2

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PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

Defect Management Zone (DMZ)

Each drive model has a fixed number of spare sectors per drive, all of which are located at the end of the

drive. Upon detection of a bad sector that has been reassigned, the next sequential sector is used.

For example, if sector 3 is flagged, data that would have been stored there is “pushed down” and recorded

in sector 4. Sector 4 then effectively becomes sector 3, as sequential sectors are “pushed down” across the

entire drive. The first spare sector makes up for the loss of sector 3, and so maintains the sequential order

of data. This push down method assures maximum performance.

On-the-Fly Hardware Error Correction Code (ECC)

14 symbols, single burst, guaranteed.

Software ECC Correction

24 symbols, single burst, guaranteed.

Automatic Park and Lock Operation

Immediately following power down, dynamic braking of the spinning disks delays momentarily allowing

the read/write heads to move to an inner mechanical stop. A small fixed magnet holds the rotary actuator

in place as the disk spins down. The rotary actuator is released only when power is again applied.

CacheManagement

Buffer Segmentation

The data buffer is organized into two segments: the data buffer and the micro controller scratch pad.

The data buffer is dynamically allocated for read and write data depending on the commands received.

A variable number of read and write buffers may exist at the same time.

Read-Ahead Mode

Normally, this mode is active. Following a read request, disk read-ahead begins on the first sector and

continues sequentially until the allocated buffer is full. If a read request is received during the read-ahead

operation, the buffer is examined to determine if the request is in the cache. If a cache hit occurs, read-

ahead mode continues without interruption and the host transfer begins immediately.

Automatic Write Reallocation (AWR)

This feature is part of the write cache and reduces the risk of data loss during deferred write operations.

If a disk error occurs during the disk write process, the disk task stops and the suspect sector is reallocated

to a pool of alternate sectors located at the end of the drive. Following reallocation, the disk write task

continues until it is complete.

Write Cache Stacking

Normally, this mode is active. Write cache mode accepts the host write data into the buffer until the buffer

is full or the host transfer is complete. A command complete interrupt is generated at the end of the transfer.

A disk write task begins to store the host data to disk. Host write commands continue to be accepted

and data transferred to the buffer until either the write command stack is full or the data buffer is full.

The drive may reorder write commands to optimize drive throughput.

2 – 3

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PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

Major HDA Components

Drive Mechanism

A brush-less DC direct drive motor rotates the spindle at 5400 RPM ( 0.1%). The dynamically balanced

motor/spindle assembly ensures minimal mechanical run-out to the disks. A dynamic brake provides a fast

stop to the spindle motor upon power removal. The speed tolerance includes motor performance and

motor circuit tolerances.

Rotary Actuator

All Maxtor hard drives employ a rotary voice coil actuator which consists of a moving coil, an actuator

arm assembly and stationary magnets. The actuator moves on a low-mass, low-friction center shaft. The

low friction contributes to fast access times and low power consumption.

Read/Write Electronics

An integrated circuit mounted within the sealed head disk assembly (near the read/write heads) provides

up to eight head selection (depending on the model), read pre-amplification and write drive circuitry.

Read/Write Heads and Media

Low mass, low force giant magneto-resistive read/write heads record data on 3.5-inch diameter disks.

Maxtor uses a sputtered thin film medium on all disks for Maxtor hard drives.

Air Filtration System

All Maxtor hard drives are assembled in a Class 100 controlled environment. Over the life of the drive,

a 0.1 micron filter and breather filter located within the sealed head disk assembly (HDA) maintain a clean

environment to the heads and disks. Maxtor drives are designed to operate in a typical office environment

with minimum environmental control.

Microprocessor

The microprocessor controls the following functions for the drive electronics:

Command execution

Cache management

Data correction and error recovery

Diagnostic execution

Data sequencing

Head positioning (including error recovery)

Host interface

Index detection

Spin speed control

Seeks

Servo

S.M.A.R.T.

2 – 4

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PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

SubsystemConfiguration

Dual Drive Support

Two drives may be accessed via a common interface cable, using the same range of I/O addresses.

The drives are jumpered as device 0 or 1 (Master/Slave), and are selected by the drive select bit in the

Device/Head register of the task file.

All Task File registers are written in parallel to both drives. The interface processor on each drive decides

whether a command written to it should be executed; this depends on the type of command and which

drive is selected. Only the drive selected executes the command and activates the data bus in response to

host I/O reads; the drive not selected remains inactive.

A master/slave relationship exists between the two drives: device 0 is the master and device 1 the slave.

When the Master is closed (factory default, figure 2-1), the drive assumes the role of master; when open, the

drive acts as a slave. In single drive configurations, the Master jumper must be closed.

Cable Select Option

CSEL (cable select) is an optional feature per ANSI ATA specification. Drives configured in a multiple

drive system are identified by CSEL’s value:

– If CSEL is grounded, then the drive address is 0.

– If CSEL is open, then the drive address is 1.

Jumper Location / Configuration

JUMPER CONF IGURAT ION

Master/Slave

Only drive in single drive system*

Master drive in dual drive system*

Slave drive in dual drive system

Cable Select

Disabled*

E nabled

Cylinder Limitation

Disabled*

E nabled

Factory Reserved

Key * = Default C = Closed (jumper installed) O = Open (no jumper)

Figure2-1

PCBAJumperLocationandConfiguration

Cylinder Limitation Jumper Description

On some older BIOS', primarily those that auto-configure the disk drive, a hang may occur. The Cylinder

Limitation jumper reduces the capacity in the Identify Drive allowing large capacity drives to work with

older BIOS'. The capacity reported when this jumper is closed will be as follows: drives less than or equal to

32GB will report 2.1GB. Drives greater than 32GB will report 32GB.

2 – 5

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PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS

SECTION 3

ProductSpecifications

Models and Capacities

MODELS

2B020H1

2B015H1

2B010H1

20.4 GB

15.4 GB

10.2 GB

Formatted Capacity (GB LBA Mode)

GB means 1 billion bytes. Total accessible capacity varies depending on

operating environment.

Drive Configuration

MODELS

2B020H1

2B015H1

2B010H1

Integrated Interface

Encoding Method

ATA-5 and ATA-6 / Ultra ATA/100

E²PR4 RLL 16/17

Interleave

1:1

Servo System

Em bedded

Data Buffer Size (MByte)

Data Buffer Type

SDRAM

Data Zones per Surface

Data Surfaces/Heads

Number of Disks

Areal Density (Gbits/in²m ax, ID / OD)

Track Dens ity (ktpi)

Recording Density (kbpi, ID / OD)

Bytes per Sector/Block

Sectors per Track (ID / OD)

Sectors per Drive

31.4 / 26.6

575 / 471

512

608 / 968

40 020 624

30 214 800

20 012 832

PerformanceSpecifications

MODELS

2B020H1

2B015H1

2B010H1

Seek Times (typical read, m s)

Track-to-Track

Average (normal seek)

Full Stroke (normal seek)

Average Latency (m s)

Controller Overhead (m s)

Rotation Speed (RPM 0.1%)

Data Transfer Speed(MByte/sec max)

5.51

< 0.3

5400

To/From Interface

(Ultra ATA/100 - M5)

100

To/From Media (I D / O D)

Sustained(I D / O D)

29.6 / 46.4

25.0 / 39.3

Drive Ready Time (typical sec)

3 – 1

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PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS

PhysicalDimensions

PARAMETER

VALUE

17.0

Height (typical mm )

Width (typical mm )

Length (typical mm )

Weight (m ax kg)

101.6

146.1

0.453

3 – 2

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PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS

PowerRequirements

MODE

12V (ma)

2050

260

5V (ma)

350

POWER (w)

Spin-up (peak)

Seek

350

6.0

5.4

4.0

1.4

1.2

Read/Write

Idle

260

350

190

250

Standby

Sleep

125

Power Mode Definitions

Spin-up

The drive is spinning up following initial application of power and has not yet reached full speed.

Seek

A random access operation by the disk drive.

Read/Write

Data is being read from or written to the drive.

Idle

The drive is spinning, the actuator is parked and powered off and all other circuitry is powered on.

The drive is capable of responding to read commands within 40 ms.

Standby

The spin motor is not spinning. The drive will leave this mode upon receipt of a command that requires

disk access. The time-out value for this mode is programmable. The buffer is active to accept write data.

Sleep

This is the lowest power state – with the interface set to inactive. A software or hardware reset is required

to return the drive to the Standby state.

EPA Energy Star Compliance

Maxtor Corporation supports the goals of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Energy Star program

to reduce the electrical power consumption of computer equipment.

EnvironmentalLimits

PARAMETER

OPERATING

NON-OPERATING/STORAGE

Temperature

5° C to 55° C

low temperature (-40° C)

high temperature (71° C) per MIL-S

501.3, climatic category; hot-induce

Thermal Gradient

Relative Humidity

Wet Bulb

25° C per hour (maximum)

5% to 95% (non-condensing)

27° C (maximum)

Altitude (relative to sea level)

-200 to 10,000 feet

-200 to 40,000 feet

Acoustic Noise - sound power

(per ISO 7779, 10 microphone,

at sea level)

Idle mode

3.0 bel average

3.4 bel maximum

Normal S eek mode

3.3 bel average

3.8 bel maximum

3 – 3

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PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS

Shock and Vibration

PARAMETER

OPERATING

NON-OPERATING

Mechanical Shock

Rotational Shock

Random Vibration

30 Gs, 2.0 ms, no errors

300 Gs, 2.0 ms, no damage

20,000 Rad/sec,0.5 to 1.0 ms, no d

10 to 45 Hz at 0.004 G²/Hz

48 to 62 Hz at 0.008 G²/Hz

65 to 300 Hz at 0.004 G²/Hz

301 to 500 Hz at 0.0006 G²/Hz

no errors

PSD:

10 Hz at .05 G²/Hz

20 Hz at .055 G²/Hz,

300 Hz at .05 G²/Hz

301 Hz at .0014 G²/Hz

500 Hz at .001 G²/Hz

760 Hz at .001 G²/Hz

877 Hz at .003 G²/Hz

1000 Hz at .001 G²/Hz

1570 Hz at .001 G²/Hz

2000 Hz at .0001 G²/Hz

Swept Sine Vibration

10 to 300 Hz

1 G (0 to peak) amplitude, 1 octave per minute

Reliability Specifications

Annual Return Rate

<0.5%

Annual Return Rate (ARR) indicates the average against products shipped.

ARR includes all reasons for returns (failures, handling damage, NDF), but

does not include inventory credit returns.

Quality Acceptance Rate

<1,000 DPPM

The quality acceptance rate indicates the percentage of Maxtor products

successfully installed by our customers, and/or the number of defective parts

per million (DPPM) encountered during the entire installation process.

Start/Stop Cycles

>50,000

This indicates the average minimum cycles for reliable start/stop function.

This indicates the average minimum cycles for reliable load/unload function.

Load/Unload Cycles

>100,000

Data Reliability

<1 per 10E14 bits read

Data errors (non-recoverable). Average data error rate allowed with all error

recovery features activated.

Component Design Life

5 years (minimum)

Component design life is defined as a.) the time period before identified

wear-out mechanisms impact the failure rate, or b.) the time period up to the

wear-out point when useful component life expires.

3 – 4

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PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS

EMC/EMI

Radiated Electromagnetic Field Emissions - EMC Compliance

The hard disk drive mechanism is designed as a subassembly for installation into a suitable enclosure and is

therefore not subject to Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC Rules (47CFR15) or the Canadian Department of

Communications Radio Interference Regulations. Although not required, the disk mechanism has been

tested within a suitable end-use product and found to comply with Class B limits of the FCC Rules and

Regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications.

The CE Marking indicates conformity with the European Union Low Voltage Directive (73/23/EEC) when

the disk mechanism is installed in a typical personal computer. Maxtor recommends that testing and analysis

for EMC compliance be performed with the disk mechanism installed within the user's end-use application.

Canadian Emissions Statement

This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus as set

out in the radio interference regulations of the Canadian department of communications.

Le present appareil numerique n'emet pas de bruit radioelectriques depassant les limites applicables aux

appareils numeriques de Class B prescrites dans le reglement sur le brouillage radioelectrique edicte par le

ministere des communications du Canada.

Safety Regulatory Compliance

All Maxtor hard drives comply with relevant product safety standards such as CE, CUL, TUV and UL rules and

regulations. As delivered, Maxtor hard drives are designed for system integration before they are used.

3 – 5

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INSTALLATION

SECTION 4

HandlingandInstallation

Hard Drive Handling Precautions

N If the handling precautions are not followed, damage to the hard drive may result - which may void the warranty.

N During handling, NEVER drop, jar, or bump a drive. Handle the drive by its sides and avoid touching the printed circuit board

assembly (PCBA).

N Hard drives are sensitive to electrostatic discharge (ESD) damage. Use proper ESD practices by grounding yourself and the

computer system the hard drive will be installed in.

N Allow the hard drive to reach room temperature BEFORE installing it in your computer system.

N NEVER switch DC power onto the drive by plugging an electrically live DC source cable into the drive's connector. NEVER

connect a live connector to the hard drive's IDE interface connector.

^NELECTRICAL GROUNDING - For proper operation, the drive must be securely fastened to a device bay

that provides a suitable electrical ground to the drive baseplate.

Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)

To avoid some of the problems associated with ESD, Maxtor advises that anyone handling a disk drive use a

wrist strap with an attached wire connected to an earth ground. Failure to observe these precautions voids the

product warranty.

Manufacturers frequently experience “unsolved” component/hardware malfunctions often caused by ESD. To

reduce the incidence of ESD-related problems, Maxtor recommends that any electronics manufacturing plans

include a comprehensive ESD program, the basic elements and functions of which are outlined here:

ESD Program Element

Management

Chief coordinator

Multi-department committee

Employee training

ESD Program Function

Institute and maintain

Organize and enforce

Evaluate and improve

Educate and inform

ESD program supplies typically include: wrist- and foot-worn grounding straps; counter-top and floor antistatic

matting; wrist strap testers; ESD video and training materials. Sources for such supplies include:

Static Control Systems – 3M

225-4S, 3M Center

Charleswater

93 Border St.

St. Paul, MN 55144

West Newton, MA 02165-9990

Maxtor also offers a complete video training package, “Care and Handling of Maxtor Disk Drives.”

Contact your Maxtor representative for details.

4 – 1

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INSTALLATION

Unpacking and Inspection

Retain any packing material for reuse. Inspect the shipping container for evidence of damage in transit. Notify

the carrier immediately in case of damage to the shipping container.

As they are removed, inspect drives for evidence of shipping damage or loose hardware. If a drive is damaged

(and no container damage is evident), notify Maxtor immediately for drive disposition.

Figure 4 - 1

Multi-packShippingContainer

4 – 2

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INSTALLATION

Figure 4 - 2

SinglePackShippingContainer(OptionA)

Figure 4 - 3

SinglePackShippingContainer(OptionB)

Repacking

If a Maxtor drive requires return, repack it using Maxtor packing materials, including the antistatic bag.

Physical Installation

Recommended Mounting Configuration

The Maxtor hard drive design allows greater shock tolerance than that afforded by larger, heavier drives. The

drive may be mounted in any attitude using four size 6-32 screws with 1/8-inch maximum penetration and a

maximum torque of 5-inch pounds. See Figure 3-1 for mounting dimensions. Allow adequate ventilation to

the drive to ensure reliable operation. See the following pages for specific installation steps.

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INSTALLATION

Before You Begin

Important – Please Read

Please read this installation section completely before installing the Maxtor hard drive. It gives general

information for installing a Maxtor hard drive in a typical computer system. If you don’t understand the

installation steps, have a qualified computer technician install the hard drive.

Back up. Protect your Existing Data

Periodic backup of important data is always a good idea. Whenever your computer is on, there is the

potential for losing data on your hard drive. This is especially true when running disk utilities or any software

that directly manipulates your files. Maxtor recommends that you make a backup copy of the files on any

existing hard drives prior to installing the new drive. If required, this data may then be copied to the Maxtor

hard drive after it has been installed in the computer. Refer to your computer user’s manual for detailed data

backup instructions.

Tools for Installation

The following tools are needed to install your new Maxtor hard drive:

• A small (#2) Phillips head screw driver

• Small needle-nose pliers or tweezers

• Your computer user’s manuals

• Operating system software

System Requirements

• IDE/AT interface

Maxtor recommends:

• Drives less than or equal to 8.4 GB – 486 DX 66 MHz

• Drives larger than 8.4 GB – Pentium-class processor

Operating System Requirements

• Drives less than or equal to 8.4 GB:

- DOS 5.0 or higher

• Drives larger than 8.4 GB:

- Installing as boot drive (Primary Master) requires full installation set of Windows 95/98 – not an update

from DOS or Windows 3.x.

- Installing as non-boot drive (Primary Slave, Secondary Master or Slave) requires Windows 95/98 on the

boot drive.

Hook up

Maxtor recommends that you use the MaxBlast™ Plus software to create a customized installation guide for your

system before physically installing your new hard drive. The information created by MaxBlast Plus relates to the

following illustrations.

Boot the System with the MaxBlast Plus Diskette

Before physically installing the Maxtor hard drive, boot your system with the MaxBlast Plus diskette. It will

assist you with the instructions in this section for a successful installation.

Configure the Drive Jumpers

The jumper configurations have three valid jumper settings – Master, Slave and Cable Select. Maxtor hard

drives are always shipped with the Master jumper setting enabled.

Install the 5.25-inch Mounting Brackets

If the Maxtor hard drive will be mounted in a 5.25-inch device bay, you will need to attach 5.25-inch

brackets to the hard drive. These brackets are not required if the drive is mounted in a 3.5-inch device bay.

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INSTALLATION

Install the Hard Drive in a Device Bay

Refer to your computer user’s manual for specific mounting information. Be sure to secure the drive to the

device bay with all four screws.

Attach the Interface and Power Cables

Do not force or rock the connectors into their sockets on the hard drive. Push them in straight until they

are seated.

Note: A standard IDE cable can be used for drive installation; however, an Ultra ATA cable is required to

achieve Ultra ATA/100 data transfers in Ultra ATA/100 compatible systems. Follow the illustration below for

proper cable connections to the system and hard drive(s) when using this cable.

Attach an ATA interface connector to J1 on the Maxtor drive. Attach a power connector to J2 on the

Maxtor drive. This connector is keyed and will only fit one way. Check all other cable connections before

you power up. Striped/colored edge is pin 1

AfterattachingtheATAinterfacecableandthe

powercabletotheMaxtorharddrive,verifythat

allothercablesconnectedtootherdevices,the

motherboardorinterfacecard(s)arecorrectly

seated.

Striped/colorededgeispin

Figure 4 - 4

ATAInterfaceandPowerCabling

Start up

Turn your system ON. During the system start up sequence, run the SETUP (BIOS) program. Newer systems

usually display a message like “press DEL to enter Setup,” showing how to access the SETUP (BIOS) program.

Choose the device position where the Maxtor hard drive will be installed (Primary Master, Primary Slave,

Secondary Master, Secondary Slave or their equivalents) and select the “Auto Detect” option. Save and exit the

BIOS. The system will now boot. Boot to the MaxBlast™ Plus diskette.

Set up

MaxBlast Plus will guide you through the steps to prepare (partition and format) your new Maxtor hard drive.

Once you have completed this step, your new Maxtor hard drive will be ready to use.

Note: Do not discard the MaxBlast Plus diskette once the installation is complete. The diskette contains Maxdiag,

a diagnostic utility that is a separate program from the MaxBlast Plus installation software.

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AT INTERFACE DESCRIPTION

SECTION 5

ATInterfaceDescription

InterfaceConnector

All Maxtor hard drives have a 40-pin ATA interface connector mounted on the PCBA. The drive may connect

directly to the host; or it can also accommodate a cable connection (maximum cable

length: 18 inches).

Figure5-1

DataConnector

PinDescriptionSummary

SIGNAL

Ground

DD8

Reset -

DD7

DD6

DD9

DD5

DD10

DD4

DD11

DD3

DD12

DD2

DD13

DD1

DD0

DD14

DD15

Ground

(keypin)

Ground

CSEL

Ground

DMARQ

DIOW -:STOP

DIOR -:HDMARDY:HSTROBE

IORDY:DDMARDY:DSTROBE

DMACK -

IOCS16

Obsolete

INTRQ

DA1

DA0

PDIAG -

DA2

CS0 -

DASP -

CS1 -

Ground

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AT INTERFACE DESCRIPTION

PinDescriptionTable

PIN NAME

RESET -

DD0

I/O SIGNAL NAME

SIGNAL DESCRIPTION

Host Reset

Reset signal from the host system. Active during power up and inactive after.

I/O Host Data Bus

16 bit bi-directional data bus between host and drive. Lower 8 bits used for

DD1

DD2

I/O

DD3

DD4

DD5

DD6

DD7

DD8

DD9

DD 10

DD11

DD 12

DD 13

DD 14

DD 15

DMARQ

DMA Request

Host I/O Write

Host I/O Read

This signal is used with DMACK for DMA transfers. By asserting this signal, the

drive indicates that data is ready to be transfered to and from the host.

DIOW -

STOP

Rising edge of Write strobe clocks data from the host data bus to a register on

the drive.

DIOR -

HDMARDY

Read strobe enables data from a register on the drive onto the host data bus.

DMA ready during UltraDMA data in bursts.

Data strobe during UltraDMA data out bursts.

HSTROBE

IORDY

DDMARDY

I/O Channel Ready This signal may be driven low by the drive to insert wait states into host I/O

cycles.

DMA ready during UltraDMA data out bursts.

Data strobe during UltraDMA data in bursts.

DSTROBE

CSEL

DMACK -

INTRQ

Cable Select

Used for Master/Slave selection via cable. Requires special cabling on host

system and installation of Cable Select jumper.

DMA Acknowledge This signal is used with DMARQ for DMA transfers. By asserting this signal, the

host is acknowledging the receipt of data or is indicating that data is available.

Hos t Interrupt

Request

Interrupt to the host asserted when the drive requires attention from the host.

IOCS16

PDIAG -

DA0

Device 16 bit I/O

Obsolete

I/O Passed Diagnostic Output by drive when in Slave mode; Input to drive when in Master mode.

Host Address Bus

3 bit binary address from the host to select a register in the drive.

DA1

DA2

CS0 -

Host Chip Select 0 Chip select from the host used to access the Command Block registers in the

drive. This signal is a decode of I/O addres ses 1F0 - 1F 7 hex.

CS1 -

Host Chip Select 1 Chip select from the host used to access the Control registers in the drive. This

signal is a decode of I/O addresses 3F6 - 3F7 hex.

DASP -

I/O Drive Active/Drive

1 Present

Time-multiplexed, open collector output which indicates that a drive is active, or

that

device 1 is present.

GND

N/A Ground

Signal ground.

KEY

N/A Key

Pin used for keying the interface connector.

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AT INTERFACE DESCRIPTION

PIOTiming

TIMING PARAMETERS

MODE 0

MODE 1

MODE 2

MODE 3

MODE 4

Cycle Time (min)

600 ns

70 ns

383 ns

50 ns

240 ns

30 ns

180 ns

30 ns

80 ns

70 ns

30 ns

10 ns

20 ns

5 ns

120 ns

25 ns

70 ns

25 ns

20 ns

10 ns

20 ns

5 ns

Address valid to DIOR-/DIOW- setup (min)

DIOR-/DIOW- 16-bit (min)

DIOR-/DIOW- recovery time (min)

DIOW- data setup (min)

165 ns

125 ns

100 ns

t2i

60 ns

30 ns

50 ns

5 ns

45 ns

20 ns

35 ns

5 ns

30 ns

15 ns

20 ns

5 ns

DIOW- data hold (min)

DIOR- data setup (min)

DIOW- data hold (min)

t6Z

DIOR- data tristate (max)

DIOR-/DIOW- to address valid hold (min)

Read Data Valid to IORDY active (min)

IORDY Setup Time

30 ns

20 ns

30 ns

15 ns

30 ns

10 ns

30 ns

10 ns

30 ns

10 ns

tRd

35 ns

1250 ns

35 ns

1250 ns

35 ns

1250 ns

35 ns

1250 ns

35 ns

1250 ns

IORDY Pulse Width (max)

Figure 5 - 2

PIODataTransferTo/FromDevice

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AT INTERFACE DESCRIPTION

DMATiming

TIMING PARAMETERS

MODE 0

MODE 1

MODE 2

Cycle Time (min)

480 ns

150 ns

120 ns

DMACK to DMARQ delay

DIOR-/DIOW- (min)

215 ns

150 ns

5 ns

80 ns

60 ns

5 ns

70 ns

DIOR- data access (min)

DIOR- data hold (min)

5 ns

20 ns

10 ns

DIOR-/DIOW- data setup (min)

DIOW- data hold (min)

100 ns

20 ns

30 ns

15 ns

DMACK to DIOR-/DIOW- setup (min)

DIOR-/DIOW- to DMACK hold (min)

DIOR- negated pulse width (min)

DIOW- negated pulse width (min)

DIOR- to DMARQ delay (max)

DIOW- to DMARQ delay (max)

DMACK- to tristate (max)

20 ns

50 ns

215 ns

120 ns

40 ns

20 ns

5 ns

tKr

tKw

tLr

tLw

50 ns

40 ns

25 ns

35 ns

25 ns

Figure 5 - 3

Multi-wordDMADataTransfer

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AT INTERFACE DESCRIPTION

UltraDMATiming

TIMING PARAMETERS (all times in nanoseconds)

MODE 0

MODE 1

MODE 2

MODE 3

MODE 4

MODE 5

MIN

MAX

MIN

MAX

MIN

MAX

MIN

MAX

MIN

MAX

MIN

MAX

t_CYC

Cycle Time (from STROBE edge to STROBE edge)

112

230

16.8

t2_CYC

Two cycle time (from rising edge to next rising edge or

from falling edge to next falling edge of STROBE)

153

115

t_DS

Data setup time (at recipient)

Data hold time (at recipient)

t_DH

4.6

t_DVS

Data valid setup time at sender (time from data bus being

valid until STROBE edge)

6.7

4.8

t_DVH

Data valid hold time at sender (time from STROBE edge

until data may go invalid)

6.2

4.8

t_FS

t_{L I}

First STROBE (time for device to send first STROBE)

230

150

200

150

170

150

130

100

120

100

Limited interlock time (time allowed between an action by

one agent, either host or device, and the following action

by the other agent)

t_{ML I}

t_UI

Interlock time with minimum

Unlimited interlock time

t_AZ

Maximum time allowed for outputs to release

t_ZAH

t_ZAD

t_ENV

Minimum delay time required for output drivers turning on

(from released state)

Envelope time (all control signal transitions are within the

DMACK envelope by this much time)

t_SR

STROBE to DMARDY (response time to ensure the

synchronous pause case when the recipient is pausing)

t_RFS

t_RP

Ready-to-final-STROBE time (no more STROBE edges

may be sent this long after receiving DMARDY- negation)

Ready-to-pause time (time until a recipient may assume

that the sender has paused after negation of DMARDY-)

160

125

100

t_IORDYZ

t_{ZIORD Y}

t_ACK

Pull-up time before allowing IORDY to be released

Minimum time device shall wait before driving IORDY

Setup and hold times before assertion and negation of

DMACK-

t_SS

Time from STROBE edge to STOP assertion when the

sender is stopping

DMARQ

(device)

t_UI

DMACK-

(host)

t_FS

t_ACK

t_ENV

t_ZAD

STOP

(host)

t_FS

t_ACK

t_ENV

HDMARDY-

(host)

t_ZAD

t_ZIORDY

DSTROBE

(device)

t_AZ

t_VDS

t_DVH

DD(15:0)

t_ACK

DA0, DA1, DA2,

CS0-, CS1-

Figure 5 - 4

InitiatinganUltraDMADataInBurst

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AT INTERFACE DESCRIPTION

t_2CYC

t_CYC

t_2CYC

DSTROBE

at device

t_DVH

t_DVS

DD(15:0)

at device

DSTROBE

at host

t_DH

t_DS

t_DH

t_DS

t_DH

DD(15:0)

at host

Figure 5 - 5

SustainedUltraDMADataInBurst

DMARQ

(device)

DMACK-

(host)

t_RP

STOP

(host)

t_SR

HDMARDY-

(host)

t_RFS

DSTROBE

(device)

DD(15:0)

(device)

Figure 5 - 6

HostPausinganUltraDMADataInBurst

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AT INTERFACE DESCRIPTION

DMARQ

(device)

t_MLI

DMACK-

(host)

t_ACK

t_LI

STOP

(host)

t_ACK

t_LI

HDMARDY-

(host)

t_SS

t_IORDYZ

DSTROBE

(device)

t_ZAH

t_AZ

t_DVS

t_DVH

DD(15:0)

CRC

t_ACK

DA0, DA1, DA2,

CS0-, CS1-

Figure 5 - 7

DeviceTerminatinganUltraDMADataInBurst

DMARQ

(device)

t_LI

t_MLI

DMACK-

(host)

t_ZAH

t_AZ

t_RP

t_ACK

STOP

(host)

t_ACK

HDMARDY-

(host)

t_RFS

t_MLI

t_LI

t_IORDYZ

DSTROBE

(device)

t_DVS

t_DVH

DD(15:0)

CRC

t_ACK

DA0, DA1, DA2,

CS0-, CS1-

Figure 5 - 8

HostTerminatinganUltraDMADataInBurst

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AT INTERFACE DESCRIPTION

DMARQ

(device)

t_UI

DMACK-

(host)

t_ACK

t_ENV

STOP

(host)

t_ZIORDY

t_LI

t_UI

DDMARDY-

(device)

t_ACK

HSTROBE

(host)

t_DVS

t_DVH

DD(15:0)

(host)

t_ACK

DA0, DA1, DA2,

CS0-, CS1-

Figure 5 - 9

InitiatinganUltraDMADataOutBurst

t_2CYC

t_CYC

t_2CYC

HSTROBE

at host

t_DVH

t_DVS

DD(15:0)

at host

HSTROBE

at device

t_DH

t_DS

t_DH

t_DS

t_DH

DD(15:0)

at device

Figure5-10

SustainedUltraDMADataOutBurst

5 – 8

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AT INTERFACE DESCRIPTION

t_RP

DMARQ

(device)

DMACK-

(host)

STOP

(host)

t_SR

DDMARDY-

(device)

t_RFS

HSTROBE

(host)

DD(15:0)

(host)

Figure5-11

DevicePausinganUltraDMADataOutBurst

t_LI

DMARQ

(device)

t_MLI

DMACK-

(host)

t_LI

t_ACK

t_SS

STOP

(host)

t_LI

t_IORDYZ

DDMARDY-

(device)

t_ACK

HSTROBE

(host)

t_DVS

t_DVH

DD(15:0)

(host)

CRC

t_ACK

DA0, DA1, DA2,

CS0-, CS1-

Figure5-12

HostTerminatinganUltraDMADataOutBurst

5 – 9

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AT INTERFACE DESCRIPTION

DMARQ

(device)

DMACK-

(host)

t_LI

t_MLI

t_ACK

STOP

(host)

t_RP

t_IORDYZ

DDMARDY-

(device)

t_RFS

t_MLI

t_ACK

t_DVH

t_ACK

t_LI

HSTROBE

(host)

t_DVS

DD(15:0)

(host)

CRC

DA0, DA1, DA2,

CS0-, CS1-

Figure5-13

DeviceTerminatinganUltraDMADataOutBurst

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HOST SOFTWARE INTERFACE

SECTION 6

HostSoftwareInterface

The host communicates with the drive through a set of controller registers accessed via the host’s I/O ports.

These registers divide into two groups: the Task File, used for passing commands and command parameters and

the Control/Diagnostic registers.

TaskFileRegisters

The Task File consists of eight registers used to control fixed disk operations. The host accesses each register

by the I/O port address shown in this Task File register map:

I/O PORT

1F0h

READ

WRITE

Data Register

Error Register

Sector Count

Sector Number

Cylinder Low

Cylinder High

Drive/Head (SDH)

Status Register

Data Register

Features Register

Sector Count

1F1h

1F2h

1F3h

Sector Number

Cylinder Low

1F4h

1F5h

Cylinder High

Drive/Head (SDH)

Command Register

1F6h

1F7h

Data Register

Provides access to the drive’s sector buffer for read and write operations. With the exception of ECC byte

transfers (which, during Read long and Write long commands, are 8 bits wide), data transfers through the

Data register are all 16 bits wide.

Error Register

A read-only register containing specific information regarding the previous command. Data interpretation

differs depending on whether the controller is in operational or diagnostic mode. A power up, reset,

software reset, or receipt of a diagnostic command sets the controller into diagnostic mode. This mode

invalidates contents of the Status register. The contents of the Error register reflect a completion code.

Issuing any command (apart from a Diagnostic command) places the controller into operational mode.

In operational mode, the Error register is valid only when the Error bit in the Status register is set. The bit

definitions for operational mode follow:

ECC

IDNF

ABRT

TK0

AMNF

In te rface

CRC

Data

ECC Error

No t

Used

No t

Used

Aborted

Command

Track 0

Error

Address

Mark Not

Found

Not Found

Interface CRC – An interface CRC error occurred during an Ultra DMA transfer.

Data ECC Error – An non-correctable ECC error occurred during a Read Sector command.

Firmware Problem – Indicates a firmware problem was detected, (e.g., invalid interrupt, divide overflow).

ID Not Found – Either a matching ID field not found, or a CRC error occurred.

Aborted Command – Invalid commands, write fault, no seek complete, or drive not ready.

Track 0 Error – Track 0 was not found during execution of a Restore command.

Address Mark Not Found – The Address Mark could not be found after an ID match.

Features Register

Enables or disables features through the Set Features command.

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HOST SOFTWARE INTERFACE

Sector Count Register

Holds the number of sectors to be sent during a Read or Write command, and the number of sectors per

track during a Format command. A value of zero in this register implies a transfer of 256 sectors. A multi-

sector operation decrements the Sector Count register. If an error occurs during such an operation, this

Sector Number Register

Holds the starting sector number for any disk operation. The register is updated as each sector is processed in

a multi-sector operation.

Cylinder Number Registers

Two 8-bit Cylinder Number registers (Low and High) specify the starting cylinder for disk operation.

Device/Head Register

Used to specify the drive and head number to be operated on during any disk operations. Within the

context of a Set Parameters command, this register specifies the maximum number of heads on the drive.

Bit definitions follow:

LBA

DRV

HS3

HS2

HS1

HS0

LBA

Drive

Head

Mode

Select

Select LBA Mode – Enabling this bit for commands not supported by LBA mode will abort the selected command. When set,

theTaskFileregistercontentsaredefinedasfollowsfortheRead/Writeandtranslatecommand:

CONTENTS

Sector Number

Cylinder Low

Cylinder High

Drive/Head

LBA BITS

0 - 7

8 - 15

16 - 23

24 - 27

Drive Select – Set to 0 to select the master drive; set to 1 to select the slave drive.

Head Select – Specifies the binary coded address of the head to be selected.

Status Register

Contains results of the last command executed, and the drive’s status. The other seven Task File registers may

be read only when bit 7 (BUSY) of the Status register is low. Reading any of the Task File registers when

BUSY is high returns the value of the Status register. Reading the Status register also clears any interrupt

request to the host. Bit definitions follow:

BUSY

DRDY

DSC

DRQ

ERR

Error

Controller

Busy

Device

Ready

Device

Fault

Device

Seek

Data

Request

Complete

Controller Busy – Goes active when a command is written to the Command register, indicating controller

task execution. After a command, this bit resets.

Device Ready – Indicates that the drive is ready for commands. If drive ready is not present, all commands abort.

Device Fault – Indicates the drive’s detection of a write fault condition, causing all commands to abort.

Device Seek Complete – Signifies a seek completion, and that the drive is on track.

Data Request – Indicates that the drive’s sector buffer is ready for data transfer.

Error – The Error bit sets when the previous command has completed with a non-recoverable error.

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HOST SOFTWARE INTERFACE

CommandRegister

Contains code for the command to be performed. Additional command information should be written to the

task file before the Command register is loaded. When this register is written, the BUSY bit in the Status

commands is given in Section 7.) Hex values for valid command formats follow:

Read Commands

Read Sector(s)

20h

21h

22h

23h

40h

41h

E4h

C4h

Normal reads; retries enabled

Normal reads; retries disabled

Read Long; retries enabled

Read Long; retries disabled

Retries enabled

Read Verify Sector(s)

Retries disabled

Read Sector Buffer

Read Multiple

Read DMA

C8h

C9h

No retries

Write Commands

Write Sector(s)

30h

31h

32h

33h

Normal writes; retries enabled

Normal writes; retries disabled

Write Long; retries enabled

Write Long; retries disabled

Write Verify Sector(s)

Write Sector Buffer

Write Multiple

3Ch

E8h

C5h

CAh

CBh

Write DMA

No retries

Mode Set/Check Commands

Set Features

Set Multiple Mode

EFh

C6h

Read Native Max Address F8h

Set Max Mode

F9h

Power Mode Commands

Standby Immediate

Idle Immediate

Standby

94/E0h Stops drive spindle; do not change time-out value

95/E1h Starts spindle; do not change time-out value

96/E2h Stops spindle; change time-out value

97/E3h Starts spindle; change time-out value

98/E5h

Idle

Check Power Mode

Set Sleep Mode

99/E6h

Initialization Commands

Identify Drive

Initialize Drive Parameters

Re-calibrate

ECh

91h

1xh

Seek, Format, and Diagnostic Commands

Seek

7xh

50h

90h

Format Track

Execute Drive Diagnostic

S.M.A.R.T. Commands

Execute S.M.A.R.T.

B0h

6 – 3

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HOST SOFTWARE INTERFACE

Summary

C O MM A ND N AM E

CO M M AN D C OD E

PA RA M E TE R S U S E D

S C

S N

S D H

R e ca li br ate

R ea d S e cto r(s )

R e ad D M A

W r ite S e cto r(s )

W r ite D M A

W r ite V er i fy S e cto r(s )

R e ad V er i fy S e cto r(s )

F o r m at T ra ck

S e e k

E xecu te D iag no sti c

Initia li ze P a ra m e ter s

R ea d S e ctor B uffe r

W ri te S e ctor B uffe r

Id e ntify D r i ve

S e t F e a ture s

R ea d M ul ti p le

W r ite M ul ti p le

S e t M ulti pl e M o de

R e a d N ative M ax A d d re ss

S e t M ax

6 – 4

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HOST SOFTWARE INTERFACE

ControlDiagnosticRegisters

These I/O port addresses reference three Control/Diagnostic registers:

I/O PORT

3F6h

READ

WRITE

Fixed Disk Control

Not used

Alternate Status

Digital Input

3F7h

Alternate Status Register

Contains the same information as the Status register in the Task File. However, this register may be read at

any time without clearing a pending interrupt.

Device Control Register

Contains the software Reset and Enable bit to enable interrupt requests to the host. Bit definitions follow:

IEN

SRST

Reset

IRQ Enable

Reset – Setting the software Reset bit holds the drive in the reset state. Clearing the bit re-enables the drive.

The software Reset bit must be held active for a minimum of 5 µsec.

IRQ Enable – Setting the Interrupt Request Enable to 0 enables the IRQ 14 signal to the host. When this

bit is set to 1, IRQ14 is tri-stated, and interrupts to the host are disabled. Any pending interrupt occurs when

the bit is set to 0. The default state of this bit after power up is 0 (interrupt enabled).

Digital Input Register

Contains information about the state of the drive. Bit definitions follow:

-WG

-HS3

-HS2

-HS1

-HS0

-DS1

DS0

Reserved

Write

Gate

Head

Select 3

Head

Select 2

Head

Select 1

Head

Select 0

Drive

Select 1

Drive

Select 0

Bit 7 of the host data bus is not driven when this register is read.

-Write Gate – Reflects the state of the active low write gate signal on the drive.

-Head Select 3 through -Head Select 0 – Represents the ones complement of the currently selected head number.

-Drive Select 1 – Is 0 if drive 1 selected; 1 otherwise.

-Drive Select 0 – Is 0 if drive 0 selected; 1 otherwise.

6 – 5

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HOST SOFTWARE INTERFACE

ResetandInterruptHandling

Reset Handling

One of three different conditions may cause a reset: power on, hardware reset or software reset. All three

cause the interface processor to initialize itself and the Task File registers of the interface. A reset also causes a

set of the Busy bit in the Status register. The Busy bit does not clear until the reset clears and the drive

completes initialization. Completion of a reset operation does not generate a host interrupt.

Task File registers are initialized as follows:

Error

Sector Count

Sector Number

Cylinder Low

Cylinder High

Drive/Head

Interrupt Handling

The drive requests data transfers to and from the host by asserting its IRQ 14 signal. This signal interrupts the

host if enabled by bit 1 (IRQ enable) of the Fixed Disk Control register.

Clear this interrupt by reading the Status register, writing the Command register, or by executing a host

hardware or software reset.

6 – 6

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INTERFACE COMMANDS

SECTION 7

InterfaceCommands

The following section describes the commands (and any parameters necessary to execute them),

as well as Status and Error register bits affected.

Read Commands

Read Sector(s)

Read Verify Sector(s)

Read Sector Buffer

Read DMA

Multi-word DMA

Ultra DMA

Read Multiple

Set Multiple

Write Commands

Write Sector(s)

Write Verify Sector(s)

Write Sector Buffer

Write DMA

Multi-word DMA

Ultra DMA

Write Multiple

Mode Set/Check Commands

Set Features Mode

Set Multiple Mode

Set Max Mode

Read Native Max Address

Power Mode Commands

Standby Immediate

Idle Immediate

Standby

Idle

Check Power Mode

Set Sleep Mode

Initialization Commands

Identify Drive

Initialize Drive Parameters

S.M.A.R.T.

7 – 1

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INTERFACE COMMANDS

ReadCommands

Read Sector(s)

Reads from 1 to 256 sectors, as specified in the Command Block, beginning at the specified sector. (A sector

count of 0 requests 256 sectors.) Immediately after the Command register is written, the drive sets the BSY

bit and begins execution of the command. If the drive is not already on the desired track, an implied seek is

performed.

Once at the desired track, the drive searches for the data address mark of the requested sector. The data

address mark must be recognized within a specified number of bytes, or the Data Address Mark Not Found

error will be reported. Assuming the data address mark is found:

The data field is read into the sector buffer.

Error bits are set (if an error was encountered).

The DRQ bit is set.

An interrupt is generated.

The DRQ bit is always set, regardless of the presence or absence of an error condition after the sector.

Upon command completion, the Command Block registers contain the numbers of the cylinder, head and

sector of the last sector read. Back-to-back sector read commands set DRQ and generate an interrupt when

the sector buffer is filled at the completion of each sector. The drive is then ready for the data to be read by

the host. DRQ is reset and BSY is set immediately when the host empties the sector buffer.

If an error occurs during Read Sector commands, the read terminates at the sector where the error occurred.

The host may then read the Command Block to determine the nature of that error, and the sector where it

happened. If the error type is a correctable or an non-correctable data error, the flawed data is loaded into

the sector buffer.

A Read Long command sets the Long bit in the command code and returns the data and the ECC bytes in

the data field of the specified sector. During a Read Long, the drive does not check the ECC bytes to

determine if there has been a data error. The Read Long command is limited to single sector requests.

Read Verify Sector(s)

Identical to the Read Sector(s) command, except that:

DRQ is never set,

No data is transferred back to the host and

The long bit is not valid.

7 – 2

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INTERFACE COMMANDS

Read DMA

Multi-word DMA

Identical to the Read Sector(s) command, except that

The host initializes a slave-DMA channel prior to issuing the command,

Data transfers are qualified by DMARQ and are performed by the slave-DMA channel

and

The drive issues only one interrupt per command to indicate that data transfer has

terminated and status is available.

Ultra DMA

With the Ultra DMA Read protocol, the control signal (DSTROBE) that latches data from DD(15:0) is

generated by the devices which drives the data onto the bus. Ownership of DD(15:0) and this data strobe

signal are given DSTROBE to the drive during an Ultra DMA data in burst.

During an Ultra DMA Read burst, the drive always moves data onto the bus, and, after a sufficient time to

allow for propagation delay, cable settling, and setup time, the sender shall generate a DSTROBE edge to

latch the data. Both edges of DSTROBE are used for data transfers.

Any unrecoverable error encountered during execution of a Read DMA command terminates data transfer

after the transfer of all sectors prior to the sector where the error was detected. The sector in error is not

transferred. The drive generates an interrupt to indicate that data transfer has terminated and status is

available. The error posting is identical to the Read Sector(s) command.

Read Multiple

Performs similarly to the Read Sector(s) command, except that for each READ MULTIPLE command data

transfers are multiple sector blocks and the Long bit is not valid.

Execution is also similar to that of the READ SECTOR(S) command, except that:

Several sectors are transferred to the host as a block, without intervening interrupts.

DRQ qualification of the transfer is required only at the start of each block, not of each sector.

The block count consists of the number of sectors to be transferred as a block. (The block count is

programmed by the Set Multiple Mode command, which must be executed prior to the Read Multiple

command.) READ LONG command is limited to single sector requests.

When the Read Multiple command is issued, the Sector Count register contains the number of sectors

requested — not the number of blocks or the block count. If the number of sectors is not evenly divisible

by the block count, as many full blocks as possible are transferred, followed by a final, partial block transfer.

This final, partial block transfer is for N sectors, where N = (sector count) modulo (block count)

The Read Multiple operation will be rejected with an Aborted Command error if attempted:

Before the Set Multiple Mode command has been executed, or

When Read Multiple commands are disabled.

The controller reports disk errors encountered during Read Multiple commands at the start of the block or

partial block transfer. However, DRQ still sets, and the transfer occurs normally, along with the transfer of

any corrupt data. Remaining block data from the following the sector in error is not valid.

If the Sector Count register contains 0 when the Set Multiple Mode command is issued, Read Multiple and

Write Multiple commands are disabled; no error is returned. Once the appropriate action has been taken, the

controller resets BSY and generates an interrupt. At power up, or after a hardware or software reset, Read

Multiple and Write Multiple commands are disabled by default.

7 – 3

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INTERFACE COMMANDS

Set Multiple Mode

Enables the controller to perform Read and Write Multiple operations, and establishes the block count for

these commands. Before issuing this command, the Sector Count register should be loaded with the number

of sectors per block. The drives support block sizes of 2, 4, 8 and 16 sectors.

When this command is received, the controller sets BSY and examines the Sector Count register contents. If

they contain a valid and supported block count value, that value is loaded for all subsequent Read and Write

Multiple commands, and execution of those commands is enabled. An invalid and unsupported block count

in the register results in an Aborted Command error and disallows Read Multiple and Write Multiple

commands.

WriteCommands

Write Sector(s)

Writes from 1 to 256 sectors, beginning at a sector specified in the Command Block. (A sector count of 0

requests 256 sectors.)

When the Command register is written, the drive sets the DRQ bit and waits for the host to fill the sector

buffer with the data to be written. An interrupt is not generated to start the first buffer fill operation.

Once the buffer is full, the drive resets DRQ, sets BSY, and begins command execution. If the drive is not

already on the desired track, an implied seek is performed.

The data loaded in the buffer is written to the data field of the sector, followed by the ECC bytes. Upon

command completion, the Command Block registers contain the cylinder, head and sector number of the

last sector written. The next time the buffer is ready to be filled during back-to-back Write Sector

commands, DRQ is set and an interrupt is generated.

After the host fills the buffer, DRQ is reset and BSY is set. If an error occurs, Write Sector operations

terminate at the sector containing the error.

The Command Block registers then contain the numbers of the cylinder, head and sector where the error

occurred. The host may read the Command Block to determine the nature of that error, and on which

sector it happened. A Write Long may be executed by setting the Long bit in the command code. The

Write Long command writes the data and the ECC bytes directly from the sector buffer; the drive itself does

not generate the ECC bytes. Restrict Write Long commands to PIO Mode 0.

Write Verify Sector(s)

Identical to the Write Sector(s) command, except that the requested sectors are verified immediately after

being written. The verify operation reads (without transferring), and checks for data errors. Any errors

encountered during this operation are reported.

Write Sector Buffer

Allows the host to overwrite the contents of the drive’s sector buffer with a selected data pattern. When this

command is received, the drive:

1. Sets BSY,

2. Sets up the sector buffer for a write operation,

3. Sets DRQ,

4. Resets BSY and

5. Generates an interrupt.

The host may then write up to 256 words of data to the buffer. A disk write task begins to store the host

data to disk. Host write commands continue to be accepted and data transferred to the buffer until either

the write command stack is full or the data buffer is full. The drive may reorder write commands to optimize

drive throughput.

7 – 4

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INTERFACE COMMANDS

Write Multiple

Performs similarly to the Write Sector(s) command, except that:

1. The controller sets BSY immediately upon receipt of the command,

2. Data transfers are multiple sector blocks and

3. The Long bit and Retry bit is not valid.

Command execution differs from Write Sector(s) because:

1. Several sectors transfer to the host as a block without intervening interrupts.

2. DRQ qualification of the transfer is required at the start of the block, not on each sector.

The block count consists of the number of sectors to be transferred as a block and is programmed by the Set

Multiple Mode command, which must be executed prior to the Write Multiple command. When the Write

Multiple command is issued, the Sector Count register contains the number of sectors requested — not the

number of blocks or the block count.

If the number of sectors is not evenly divisible by the block count, as many full blocks as possible are

transferred, followed by a final, partial block transfer. This final, partial block transfer is for N sectors, where

N = (sector count) modulo (block count)

The Write Multiple operation will be rejected with an Aborted Command error if attempted:

1. Before the Set Multiple Mode command has been executed, or

2. When Write Multiple commands are disabled.

All disk errors encountered during Write Multiple commands report after the attempted disk write of the

block or partial block in which the error occurred.

The write operation ends with the sector in error, even if it was in the middle of a block. When an error

occurs, subsequent blocks are not transferred. When DRQ is set at the beginning of each full and partial

block, interrupts are generated.

Write DMA

Multi-word DMA

Identical to the Write Sector(s) command, except that:

The host initializes a slave-DMA channel prior to issuing the command,

Data transfers are qualified by DMARQ and are performed by the slave-DMA channel and

The drive issues only one interrupt per command to indicate that data transfer has terminated

at status is available.

Ultra DMA

With the Ultra DMA Write protocol, the control signal (HSTROBE) that latches data from DD(15:0) is

generated by the devices which drives the data onto the bus. Ownership of DD(15:0) and this data

strobe signal are given to the host for an Ultra DMA data out burst.

During an Ultra DMA Write burst, the host always moves data onto the bus, and, after a sufficient time to

allow for propagation delay, cable settling, and setup time, the sender shall generate a HSTROBE edge to

latch the data. Both edges of HSTROBE are used for data transfers.

Any error encountered during Write DMA execution results in the termination of data transfer. The drive

issues an interrupt to indicate that data transfer has terminated and status is available in the error register.

The error posting is the same as that of the Write Sector(s) command.

7 – 5

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INTERFACE COMMANDS

ModeSet/CheckCommands

Set Features Mode

Enables or disables features supported by the drive. When the drive receives this command it:

1. Sets BSY,

2. Checks the contents of the Features register,

3. Clears BSY and

4. Generates an interrupt.

If the value of the register is not a feature supported by the drive, the command is aborted.

The acceptable values in the Features register are defined as follows:

VALUE DESC RIPTION

02h

03h

05h

42h

Enabled Write Cache

Set Transfer Mode based on value in Sector Count register

Enable Advanced Power Management

Enable Automatic Acoustic Management. The sector count register contains the

Automatic Ac oustic Management level.

SECTOR LEVEL

FFh

FEh

Maxtor specific

Maximum performance

Intermediate acoustic management levels

Minimum acoustic emanation level

reserved

81h-FDh

80h

00h-7Fh

44h

Length of data appended on Read Long/Write Long commands specified in the

Identify Device information

55h

66h

82h

85h

AAh

BBh

C2h

CCh

Disable Read Look-ahead feature

Disable reverting to Power-on defaults

Disable Write Cache

Disable Advanced Power Management

Enable Read Look-ahead feature

4 bytes of Maxtor specific data appended on Read Long/Write Long commands

Disable Automatic Acoustic Management

Enable reverting to Power-on defaults

7 – 6

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INTERFACE COMMANDS

Read Native Max Address

This command returns the native maximum address. The native maximum address is the highest address

accepted by the drive in the factory default condition. The native maximum address is the maximum address

that is valid when using the SET MAX ADDRESS command.

Set Max

Individual SET MAX commands are identified by the value placed in the Features register. After successful

command completion, all read and write access attempts to addresses greater than specified by the successful

SET MAX ADDRESS command are rejected with an IDNF error. IDENTIFY DEVICE response words 1,

54, 57, 60 and 71 will reflect the maximum address set with this command.

VALUE

00h

COMMAND

obsolete

01h

Set Max Set Password

Set Max Lock

02h

03h

Set Max Unlock

Set Max Freeze Lock

04h

05h-F Fh reserved

Set Max Password

This sub-command requests a transfer of a single sector of data from the host. The password is retained by

the drive until the next power cycle.

Set Max Lock

After this sub-command is completed any other SET MAX commands except SET MAX UNLOCK and

SET MAX FREEZE LOCK are rejected. The drive remains in this state until a power cycle or the

acceptance of a SET MAX UNLOCK or SET MAX FREEZE LOCK command.

Set Max Unlock

This sub-command requests a transfer of a single sector of data from the host. The password supplied in the

sector of data transferred will be compared with the stored SET MAX password.

If the password compare fails, then the drive returns command aborted and decrements the unlock counter.

On the acceptance of the SET MAX LOCK command, this counter is set to a value of five and will be

decremented for each password mismatch when SET MAX UNLOCK is issued and the drive is locked.

When this counter reaches zero, then the SET MAX UNLOCK command will return command aborted

until a power cycle.

If the password compare matches, then the drive will make a transition to the Set_Max_Unlocked state and

all SET MAX commands will be accepted.

Set Max Freeze Lock

After sub-command completion any subsequent SET MAX commands are rejected. Commands disabled by

SET MAX FREEZE LOCK are:

Set Max Address

Set Max Set Password

Set Max Lock

Set Max Unlock

7 – 7

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INTERFACE COMMANDS

PowerModeCommands

Standby Immediate – 94h/E0h

Spin down and do not change time out value. This command will spin the drive down and cause the drive

to enter the STANDBY MODE immediately. If the drive is already spun down, the spin down sequence is

not executed.

Idle Immediate – 95h/E1h

Spin up and do not change time out value. This command will spin up the spin motor if the drive is spun

down, and cause the drive to enter the IDLE MODE immediately. If the drive is already spinning, the spin

up sequence is not executed. The actuator is parked and some circuits are powered off.

Standby – 96h/E2h

Spin down and change time out value. This command will spin the drive down and cause the drive to enter

the STANDBY MODE immediately. If the drive is already spun down, the spin down sequence is not

executed. A non-zero value placed in the sector count register will enable the Automatic Power Down

sequence. The timer will begin counting down when the drive returns to the IDLE MODE. A value of zero

placed in the sector count register will disable the Automatic Power Down sequence.

Idle – 97h/E3h

Spin up and change time out value. This command will spin-up the spin motor if the drive is spun-down.

If the drive is already spinning, the spin up sequence is not executed. A non-zero value placed in the Sector

Count register will enable the Automatic Power Down sequence and their timer will begin counting down

immediately. A value of zero placed in the Sector Count register will disable the Automatic Power Down

sequence. The actuator is parked and some circuits are powered off.

TIMER VALUE

TIME-OUT PERIOD

Time-out disabled

1 - 240

241 - 251

252

(value * 5) seconds

((value - 240) * 30) minutes

21 minutes

253

Vendor unique period = 10 hours

Reserved

254

255

21 minutes, 15 seconds

Check Power Mode – 98h/E5h

This command returns a code in the Sector Count register that determines the current Power Mode status of

the drive. If the drive is in, going to, or recovering from the STANDBY MODE the drive sets the Sector

Count register to OOh. If the drive is in the IDLE MODE or ACTIVE MODE, the drive sets the Sector

Count register to FFh.

Set Sleep Mode – 99h/E6h

This command will spin the drive down and cause the drive to enter the SLEEP MODE immediately. If the

drive is already spun down, the spin down sequence is not executed.

Note: The only way to recover from SLEEP MODE is with a software reset or a hardware reset.

7 – 8

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INTERFACE COMMANDS

Default Power-on Condition

The drive’s default power on condition is the ACTIVE MODE.

Upon receiving a Power Mode command, except the SLEEP MODE command, the drive sets BSY and

performs the requested power operation. Once the requested Power Mode change has begun, the drive

resets BSY and generates an interrupt - without waiting for the drive to spin up or spin down. Upon

receiving a SLEEP MODE command the drive is spun down, and when it is stopped, the drive resets BSY

and generates an interrupt.

When enabling the Automatic Power Down sequence, the value placed in the Sector Count register is

multiplied by five seconds to obtain the Time-out Interval value. If no drive commands are received from

the host within the Time-out Interval, the drive automatically enters the STANDBY mode. The minimum

value is 5 seconds.

While the drive is in STANDBY MODE, any commands received from the host are accepted and executed

as they would in normal operation, except that the spin motor is started if required to execute a disk

command. Under these conditions, the drive will set BSY when command processing would normally begin

and will leave BSY set until the drive comes up to speed and the disk command can be executed. Disk

commands issued while the drive is in STANDBY MODE, restarts the Time-out Interval after completing

the command. A reset must be issued before attempting to issue any commands while the drive in

SLEEP MODE.

7 – 9

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INTERFACE COMMANDS

InitializationCommands

Identify Drive

Allows the host to receive parameter information from the drive.

When the command is received, the drive:

1. Sets BSY,

2. Stores the required parameter information in the sector buffer,

3. Sets the DRQ bit and

4. Generates an interrupt.

The host may then read the information out of the sector buffer. Parameter words in the buffer follow.

Note that all reserved bits or words should be zeroes.

WORD

CONTENT DESCRIPTION

General configuration

15 = device (0 = ATA device, 1 = ATAPI)

14-8 = retired

7, 1 = removable media device

6, 1 = not removable controller and/or device

5-3 = retired

2 = response incomplete

1 = retired

0 = reserved

Number of logical cylinders

Reserved

Number of logical heads

4-5

Retired

Number of logical sectors per logical track

7-8

Reserved

Retired

10 - 19

20 - 21

Drive serial number (20 ASCII characters)

Retired

Obsolete

23 - 26

27 - 46

F irmware revision (8 ASCII characters )

Model number (40 ASCII characters)

Maximum number of sectors that can be transferred per interrupt on read and write multiple commands

Reserved

Capabilities

15 - 14 = reserved

13 = standby timer (1 = values as specified in this standard are supported, 0 = values are Maxtor specific)

12 = reserved (advanced PIO mode support)

11, 1 = IORDY supported, 0 = IORDY may be supported

10, 1 = IORDY can be disabled

9-8 = shall be set to one. Used by Identify Packet Device command.

7-0 = not used

7 – 10

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INTERFACE COMMANDS

-WORD CONTENT DESCRIPTION

50 Reserved

51 - 52 Obsolete

15-3 = reserved

2, 1 = the fields supported in words 88 are valid, 0 = the fields supported in words 88 are not valid

1, 1 = the fields reports in words 64-70 are valid, 0 = the fields reports in words 64-70 are not valid

0, 1 = the fields reports in words 54-58 are valid, 0 = the fields reports in words 54-58 are not valid

Number of current logical cylinders

Number of current logical heads

Number of logical sectors per track

57 - 58 Current capacity in sectors

15-9 = reserved

8, 1 = multiple sector setting is valid

7-0 xxh = current setting for number of sectors that canbe transferred per interrupt on Read/Write Multiple

command

60 - 61 Total number of user addressable sectors (LBA mode only)

obsolete

15-11 = reserved

10, 1 = Multi-word DMA mode 2 is selected, 0 = Multi-word DMA mode 2 is not selected

9, 1 = Multi-word DMA mode 1 is selected, 0 = Multi-word DMA mode 1 is not selected

8, 1 = Multi-word DMA mode 0 is selected, 0 = Multi-word DMA mode 0 is not selected

7-3, = reserved

2, 1 = Multi-word DMA mode 2 and below are supported

1, 1 = Multi-word DMA mode 1 and below are supported

0, 1 = Multi-word DMA mode 0 is supported

7-0 = Multi=word DMA transfer modes supported

15-8 = reserved, 7-0 = advanced PIO transfer modes supported

Minimum multi-word DMA transfer cycle time per word (15-0 = cycle time in nanoseconds)

Manufacturer's recommeded multi-word DMA transfer cycle time (15-0 = cycle time in nanoseconds)

Minimum PIO transfer cycle time without flow control (15-0 = cycle time in nanoseconds)

Minimum PIO transfer cycle time with IORDY flow control (15-0 = cycle time in nanoseconds )

reserved

69-74

Queue depth, 15 -3 = reserved, 4-0, maximum queue depth - 1

76-79

reserved

Major version number

15, reserved, 14-6 = reserved for ATA/ATAPI-14 to ATA/ATAPI-6 respectively

5, 1 = supports ATA/ATAPI-5

4, 1 = supports ATA/ATAPI-4

3, 1 = supports ATA-3

2, 1 = supports ATA-2

1, obsolete

0, reserved

Minor version number

Command set supported. If words 82 and 83 = 0000h or FFFFh command set notification not supported.

15, obsolete

14, 1 = supports the NOP command

13, 1 = supports the Read Buffer command

12, 1 = supports theWrite Buffer command

11, obsolete

10, 1 = supports Host-Protected Area feature set

9, 1 = supports the Device Reset command

8, 1 = supports Service Interupt

7, 1 = supports Release Interupt

6, 1 = supports Look Ahead

5, 1 = s upports Write Cache

4, shall be cleared to zero

3, 1 = supports the Power Management feature command

2, 1 = s upports the RemovableMedia feature command

1, 1 = supports the SecurityMode feature command

0, 1 = supports the SMART feature set

7 – 11

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INTERFACE COMMANDS

WORD

CONTENT DESCRIPTION

Command sets s upported. If words 82 and 83 = 0000h or F FF Fh command set notification not supported.

15-10, as currently defined

9, 1 = Automatic Acoustic Management feature set supported

8-0, as currently defined

Command set extensions supported. If words 84, 85 and 86 = 0000h or FFF Fh command set notification not

supported.

15 = shall be cleared to zero

14 = shall be set to one

13-0 = reserved

Command set enabled. If words 84, 85 and 86 = 0000h or FFFFh command set notification not supported.

15, obsolete

14, 1 = NOP command enabled

13, 1 = Read Buffer command enabled

12, 1 = Write Buffer command enabled

11, obsolete

10, 1 = Host Protected Area feature set enabled

9, 1 = Device Reset command enabled

8, 1 = Service Interrupt enabled

7, 1 = Release Interrupt enabled

6, 1 = Look Ahead enabled

5, 1 = Write Cache enabled

4, 1 = Packet command feature set enabled

3, 1 = Power Mangement feature set enabled

2, 1 = Removable Media feature set enabled

1, 1 = Security Mode feature set enabled

0, 1 = SMART feature set enabled

Command sets s upported. If words 82 and 83 = 0000h or F FF Fh command set notification not supported.

15-10, as currently defined

9, 1 = Automatic Acoustic Management feature set supported

8-0, as currently defined

Ultra DMA

15-14 reserved

13 1 = Ultra DMA mode 5 is selected

0 = Ultra DMA mode 5 is not selected

12 1 = Ultra DMA mode 4 is selected

0 = Ultra DMA mode 4 is not selected

11 1 = Ultra DMA mode 3 is selected

0 = Ultra DMA mode 3 is not selected

10 1 = Ultra DMA mode 2 is selected

0 = Ultra DMA mode 2 is not selected

1 = Ultra DMA mode 1 is selected

0 = Ultra DMA mode 1 is not selected

1 = Ultra DMA mode 0 is selected

0 = Ultra DMA mode 0 is not selected

7-6 reserved

1 = Ultra DMA mode 5 and below are supported

1 = Ultra DMA mode 4 and below are supported

1 = Ultra DMA mode 3 and below are supported

1 = Ultra DMA mode 2 and below are supported

1 = Ultra DMA mode 1 and below are supported

1 = Ultra DMA mode 0 is supported

127

128

reserved

Security Status

15-9 reserved

Security Level 0 = High, 1 = Maximum

7-5 reserved

1 = Security count expired

1 = Security frozen

1 = Security locked

1 = Security enabled

1 = Security supported

129-130 reserved

131

Spin at power-up, but 0 is asserted when no spin at power-up is enabled.

132-159 Maxtor-specific (not used)

160-255 reserved

7 – 12

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INTERFACE COMMANDS

Initialize Drive Parameters

Enables the drive to operate as any logical drive type. The drive will always be in the translate mode because

of Zone Density Recording, which varies the number of sectors per track depending on the zone.

Through setting the Sector Count Register and Drive Head Register, this command lets the host alter the

drive's logical configuration. As a result, the drive can operate as any equal to or less than capacity drive type.

Do not exceed the total number of sectors available on the drive:

When this command is executed, the drive reads the Sector Counter Register and the Drive Head Register

(and so determines the number of the logical sectors per track and maximum logical head number per

cylinder and will calculate the number of logical cylinders.)

Upon receipt of the command, the drive:

1. Sets BSY,

2. Saves the parameters,

3. Resets BSY and

4. Generates an interrupt.

To specify maximum heads, write 1 less than the maximum (e.g. write 4 for a 5 head drive). To specify

maximum sectors, specify the actual number of sectors (e.g. 17 for a maximum of 17 sectors/track).

The sector count and head values are not checked for validity by this command. If they are invalid, no error

will be posted until an illegal access is made by some other command.

Moves the read/write heads from anywhere on the disk to cylinder 0.

When this command is received, the drive:

1. Sets BSY and

2. Issues a seek to cylinder zero.

The drive waits for the seek to complete, then the drive:

1. Updates status,

2. Resets BSY and

3. Generates an interrupt.

If the drive cannot reach cylinder 0, the Error bit is set in the Status register, and the Track 0 bit is set in the

Error register.

NOTE: If a maximum head and sector number is selected – such that the number of cylinders will exceed 65,535 – then

the maximum cylinder value will be reduced to 65, 535.

7 – 13

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INTERFACE COMMANDS

Seek,FormatandDiagnosticCommands

Seek

Initiates a seek to the track, and selects the head specified in the Command block.

1. Sets BSY in the Status register,

2. Initiates the Seek,

3. Resets BSY and

4. Generates an interrupt.

The drive does not wait for the seek to complete before returning the interrupt. If a new command is issued

to a drive during the execution of a Seek command, the drive will wait (with BSY active) for the Seek to

complete before executing the new command.

Format Track

Formats the track specified in the Command Block. Shortly after the Command register is written, the drive

sets the bit, and waits for the host to fill the sector buffer with the interleave table. When the buffer is full,

the drive resets DRQ, sets BSY and begins command execution. If the drive is not already on the desired

track, an implied seek is performed. Once at the desired track the data fields are written with all zeroes.

Execute Drive Diagnostic

Commands the drive to implement the internal diagnostic tests. (These tests are executed only upon

command receipt; they do not run automatically at power up or after a reset.)

The drive sets BSY immediately upon receiving this command. The following table presents the codes and

their descriptions. Note that the value in the Error register should be viewed as a unique 8 bit Code.

ERROR CODE DESCRIPTION

No error detected

Master drive failed

80, 82

Master and slave drives failed

Slave drive failed

Note: If a slave drive fails diagnostics, the master drive OR’s 80h with its own status, and loads that code

into the Error register. If a slave drive passes diagnostics (or a slave is absent), the master drive OR’s 00

with its own status and loads that code into the Error register.

7 – 14

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INTERFACE COMMANDS

S.M.A.R.T.CommandSet

Execute S.M.A.R.T.

The Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.) command has been implemented to

improve the data integrity and data availability of hard disk drives. In some cases, a S.M.A.R.T. capable device

will predict an impending failure with sufficient time to allow users to backup their data and replace the

drive before data loss or loss of service. In addition to S.M.A.R.T., DiamondMax drives support DST and all

of its options.

The S.M.A.R.T. sub-commands (listed below) comprise the ATA S.M.A.R.T. feature set that provide access

to S.M.A.R.T. attribute values, attribute thresholds and other logging and reporting information. Prior to

writing a S.M.A.R.T. command to the device’s command register, key values must be written by the host

into the device’s Cylinder Low and Cylinder High registers, or the command will be aborted. For any

S.M.A.R.T. sub-command, if a device register is not specified as being written with a value by the host, then

the value in that register is undefined and will be ignored by the device.

The key values are:

Key

4Fh

C2h

Cylinder Low (1F4h)

Cylinder High (1F5h)

The S.M.A.R.T. sub-commands use a single command code (B0h) and are differentiated from one another

by the value placed in the Features register. In order to issue a command, the host must write the sub-

command-specific code to the device’s Features register before writing the command code to the command

D0h

D1h

D2h

S.M.A.R.T. Read Attribute Value

This feature returns 512 bytes of attribute information to the host.

S.M.A.R.T. Read Attribute Thresholds

This feature returns 512 bytes of warranty failure thresholds to the host.

Enable/Disable Autosave

To enable this feature, set the sector count register to F1h (enable) or 0 (disable). Attribute values

are automatically saved to non-volatile storage on the device after five minutes of idle time and

before entering idle, sleep or standby modes. This feature is defaulted to “enabled” when

S.M.A.R.T. is enabled via the S.M.A.R.T. Enable Operations commands. The autosave feature

will not impact host system performance and does not need to be disabled.

D3h

D4h

S.M.A.R.T. Save Attribute Value

This feature saves the current attribute values to non-volatile storage.

Perform Off-Line Data Collection/DST

Data is collected from random seeks, timed pattern seek times and head margin tests. Supports

captive long and short; and non-captive long and short.

D5h

D6h

S.M.A.R.T. Read Log Sector

Allows the host to read S.M.A.R.T. error log and host vendor-specific sectors.

S.M.A.R.T. Write Log Sector

Allows the host to write S.M.A.R.T. error log and host vendor-specific sectors.

D8h

D9h

DAh

Enable S.M.A.R.T.

Disable S.M.A.R.T.

S.M.A.R.T. Return Status

This feature allows the host to assess the status of a S.M.A.R.T. capable device by comparing all

saved attribute values with their corresponding warranty failure thresholds. If no thresholds are

exceeded, the drive is declared to have a positive health status. If any warranty failure threshold is

exceeded, the drive is declared to have a negative health status. Executing this sub-command

results in all attribute values being saved to non-volatile storage on the device.

DBh

Enable/Disable Automatic Off-Line

To enable this feature, set the Sector Count register to F1h or 0 to disable.

7 – 15

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SERVICE AND SUPPORT

SECTION 8

ServiceandSupport

Service Policy

If a customer discovers a defect in a Maxtor hard drive, Maxtor will, at its option, repair or replace the disk

drive at no charge to the customer, provided it is returned during the warranty period. Drives must be properly

packaged in Maxtor packaging or Maxtor-approved packaging to obtain warranty service. Any unauthorized

repairs or adjustments to the drive void the warranty.

To consistently provide our customers with the best possible products and services, Maxtor developed the

Total Customer Satisfaction (TCS) program. Through the ongoing TCS process, Maxtor employees take

direct responsibility for every customer’s level of satisfaction – with Maxtor technology, price, quality,

delivery, service and support.

No Quibble Service^®

Another TCS feature is Maxtor’s No Quibble Service^®policy. By minimizing paperwork and processing,

No Quibble Service dramatically cuts the turnaround time normally required for repairs and returns.

Here’s how it works:

1. Customer visits www.maxtor.com or calls 1-800-2MAXTOR for a Return Material Authorization

(RMA) number and provides a credit card number,

2. Maxtor ships a replacement drive within 2 business days, and

3. Customer returns the original drive and credit card draft is destroyed.

Product Support

Technical Assistance/Customer Service

Hours of operation: 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. (Mountain Time) Monday through Friday.

North, Central and South America Languages supported: English, Spanish

Voice

E-mail

800-2MAXTOR (800-262-9867)

www.maxtor.com

Outside Continental USA

303-678-2015

Europe, Middle East, Africa

Languages supported: English, French, German

Hours of operation: 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. (Greenwich Mean Time) Monday through Thursday, 8:30 a.m.

to 4 p.m. Friday.

Voice

E-mail

Fax

+ 353 1 204 1111

www.maxtor.com

+353 1 286 1419

+ 353 1 204 1122

MaxFax

8 – 1

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SERVICE AND SUPPORT

Asia/Pacific (APAC)

Australia

Vox

Languages supported: English

+ 61 2 9369 3662

Fax

+ 61 2 9369 2082

MaxFax

+ 61 2 9369 4733

BBS

+ 61 2 9369 4293

Singapore

Languages supported: English

Contact local Maxtor sales office

From

Dial

Australia

Hong Kong

Indonesia

Japan

South Korea

Malaysia

New Zealand

Singapore Toll Free

Singapore Vox

Singapore Fax

Taiwan

1-800-124-328

800-96-3387

803-65-6500

0031-65-3616

0078-65-800-6500

1-800-80-1126

0800-44-6542

1-800-481-6788

65-8520220

65-251744

0080-65-1062

001-800-65-6500

Thailand

MaxInfo Service

Use a touch-tone phone to listen to technical information about Maxtor products and the top Q&A’s

from our 24-hour automated voice system.

Continental USA

800-2MAXTOR (800-262-9867)

Press 1, wait for announcement, listen for option

303-678-2015, listen for option

Outside Continental USA

MaxFax^®Service

Use a touch-tone phone to order technical reference sheets, drive specifications, installation guides

and other documents from our 24-hour automated fax retrieval system. Requested items are sent directly

to your fax machine.

Continental USA

Phone

Outside Continental USA

Europe

Languages supported: English

800-2MAXTOR (800-262-9867), listen for option

303-678-2618

Language support: English, French, German

+ 353 1 204 1122

Phone

Asia/Pacific (APAC)

Phone

Language support: English

+ 61 2 9369 4733

8 – 2

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GLOSSARY

Glossary

a c c e s s

b a d b lo c k

To obtain data from, or place data into, RAM, a register,

or data storage device.

A block that cannot store data because of a media flaw.

bit

a c c e s s t im e

An abbreviation for binary digit, of which there are two (0

and 1). A bit is the basic data unit of most digital

computers. A bit is usually part of a data byte or word,

but bits may be used singly to control or read logic “on-

off” functions. The fundamental unit information, often

used loosely to refer to a circuit or magnetization state at

a particular instant in time.

The interval between the issuing of an access command

and the instant that the target data may be read or

written. Access time includes seek time, latency and

controller overhead time.

a d d re s s

A number, generally binary, distinguishing a specific

member of an ordered set of locations. In disk

engineering, the address may consist of drives (unit

address), radial positions (cylinder address), or

circumferential position (sector address).

BIOS

Acronym for Basic Input/Output System. The firmware

area of a CPU that controls operations through the

system bus and to the attached cards and peripheral

devices.

a llo c a t io n

A process of assigning designated areas of the disk to

particular files.

BPI

Acronym for bits per inch. See bit density.

a lt e rn a t e t ra c k

b lo c k

A spare track used in the event that a normal track

becomes damaged or is unusable.

A group of bytes handled, stored, and accessed as a

logical data unit, such as an individual file record.

a n a lo g

b u ffe r

A signal or system that does not use digital states to

convey information. A signal may have any number of

significant states (values), contrasted to digital signals

which can only have two states.

A temporary data storage area that compensates for a

difference in data transfer rates and/or data processing

rates between sender and receiver.

b u s

ANSI

A collection of functionally parallel conductors that forms

an interconnection between functional blocks in a digital

device. A length of parallel conductors that forms a major

interconnection route between the computer system

CPU (central processing unit) and its peripheral

subsystems. Depending on its design, a bus may carry

data, addresses, power, and more.

American National Standards Institute.

a p p lic a t io n p ro g ra m

A sequence of programmed instructions that tell the

computer how to perform some end-user task, such as

accounting or word processing.

a re a l d e n s it y

b yt e

Bit density (bits per inch) multiplied by track density

(tracks per inch) or bits per square inch.

An ordered collection of bits treated as a unit. Most

often, a byte is understood to consist of eight bits. One

byte is necessary to define an alphanumeric character.

a s ym m e t ry

A distortion of the readback signal which is shown in

different intervals between the positive and negative

voltage peaks.

c a c h e

a u xilia ry m e m o ry

Random access memory (RAM) used as a buffer

between the CPU and the disk drive.

Memory other than main memory; generally a mass-

storage subsystem containing disk drives and backup

tape drives, controller(s) and buffer memory (also called

peripheral memory).

c a p a c it y

The amount of data, usually expressed in bytes, which

can be stored in a given device or portion of same.

a ve ra g e a c c e s s t im e

The average time to make all possible length accesses

(seeks).

a ve ra g e s e e k t im e

The average time to make all possible length seeks. A

typical measure of performance.

GL – 1

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GLOSSARY

c e n t ra l p ro c e s s in g u n it (CP U)

The heart of the computer system that executes

programmed instructions. It includes the arithmetic logic

unit (ALU) for performing all math and logic operations, a

control section for interpreting and executing

instructions, internal memory for temporary storage of

program variables and other functions.

d a t a

An ordered collection of information. In a specific case, it

is the information processed by a computer.

d a t a s e p a ra t o r

An electronic circuit which decodes playback data and

produces separate clock and data bits. Sometimes

incorrectly used to denote data synchronizer.

c h a n n e l

A collection of electronic circuits used in the process of

writing and reading information to and from magnetic

media.

d a t a s yn c h ro n ize r

An electronic circuit producing a clock signal that is

synchronous with the incoming data stream. This clock

signal is then used to decode the recording code being

used into user data.

c h a ra c t e r

An ordered collection of bits representing one of a set of

predefined symbols. Often the term is used

interchangeably with byte, but this is inexact.

d a t a t ra n s fe r ra t e

c lo s e d lo o p

In a disk or tape drive, the rate at which data is

transferred to or from the storage media. It is usually

given in thousands of bits per second (Kbit/second) or

millions of bits per second (Mbit/second).

A control technique that enables the positioning system

to correct off-track errors in real time. The actual head

position is monitored and compared to the ideal track

position to determine any position error that might be

occurring. This information is then used to produce a

correction signal (feedback) that goes to the positioner to

correct the error. (See also track following servo).

d e d ic a t e d la n d in g zo n e

A designated radial zone on the disk where contact

starting and stopping occur by design.

c lo s e d lo o p s e rvo

d e d ic a t e d s e rvo

A servo control technique that uses position feedback to

correct off-track errors. See Track Following Servo.

A servo scheme in which a prerecorded pattern on an

otherwise unused disk surface provides position

information to the servo circuitry by means of a head

reading that surface.

c lu s t e r

The smallest allocatable unit of disk storage allowed by

MS-DOS; each FAT entry represents one cluster.

d e fe c t

A magnetic imperfection in a recording surface.

c o n t ro lle r

An electronic device for connecting one or more mass

storage peripherals (rigid disk drives, tape drives, and

optical disk drives) to the input/output circuits of a host

computer. Controllers vary in complexity, with more

sophisticated units able to buffer and schedule

commands, correct data errors, and bypass media

defects without host intervention.

d e fe c t m a n a g e m e n t

A general methodology of avoiding data errors on a

recording surface by avoiding the use of known bad

areas of media. Usually defective sectors or tracks are

retired and data are written in alternate locations. Several

algorithms are possible such as “sector slipping,” or

“spare sector per track.”

c o n t ro lle r

d e fe c t m a p

A miniature CPU dedicated to controlling a peripheral

device, such as a disk drive, tape drive, video display

terminal, or printer. The controller executes commands

from the central processing unit and reissues commands

to the peripheral device.

A list of defects that fall within a pass/fail criteria of a user.

This list is usually used by an operating system or a disk

drive controller for defect management.

d e fe c t s k ip p in g

A defect management scheme for avoiding surface

defects. It has data written before and after the defect,

instead of using alternate tracks or sectors to avoid use

of the defective area.

c o rre c t a b le e rro r

An error that can be overcome by the use of Error

Detection and Correction.

c ylin d e r

d e n s it y

On several disk surfaces sharing a common rotational

axis, the aggregate of tracks at a given radial position. A

set of disk tracks that are simultaneously under the set of

read/write heads. This three-dimensional storage volume

can be accessed after a single seek.

Generally, recording density. See areal, bit, and storage

density.

DC e ra s e

The method of erasing a track using a DC write/erase

current through either a Read/Write or Erase head.

c ylin d e r ze ro

The outermost cylinder in a drive that can be used for

data storage.

d ig it a l

Any system that processes digital binary signals (having

only values of a 1 or 0; usually in bits and bytes) rather

than analog signals (signals that can have many values)

GL – 2

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GLOSSARY

d ig it a l m a g n e t ic re c o rd in g

e rro r c o rre c t io n c o d e (ECC)

See magnetic recording.

A mathematical algorithm that can detect and correct

errors in a data field. This is accomplished with the aid of

Check Bits added to the raw data.

d ire c t a c c e s s

Access directly to memory location. (See random

access).

e rro r fre e

A recording surface that has no defects.

d ire c t m e m o ry a c c e s s (DMA)

A mean of data transfer between the device and host

memory without processor intervention.

e rro r ra t e

The number of errors (type must be specified) that occur

in a specified number of bits read.

d ire c t o ry

A listing of files maintained by the disk operation system

(DOS) or a data base management system to enable a

user to quickly access data files.

e rro r re c o ve ry p ro c e d u re

The process that occurs in response to a data error. In a

drive without ECC, this would include re-calibration and

re-seeking to the specified track and rereading the

specified data.

d is k

A flat, circular piece of metal (usually aluminum) or plastic

(usually mylar) with a magnetic coating upon which

information can be recorded. (See, for example, floppy

disk or Winchester disk)

e xt ra p u ls e

Term used in surface certification. It is when a flux field

discontinuity remains after the recording surface is

erased, thereby producing an electrical output of a read

head passing over the area with the discontinuity. An

extra pulse occurs when the electrical output is larger

than a specified threshold.

d is k d rive o r d is k m e m o ry d e vic e

The total electromechanical storage device containing

disks and read/write heads, head positioning mechanism,

drive motor, and electronics.

d is k p a c k

A number of metal disks packaged in a canister for

removal from the disk drive (predecessor of Winchester

technology).

fe e d b a c k

In a closed-loop system, the output signal (from the

servo head) is used to modify the input signal (to the

positioner).

d is k o p e ra t in g s ys t e m (DOS )

The master computer system program that schedules

tasks, allocates the computer system resources, controls

accesses to mass storage devices, manages files, and so

forth. Typical disk operating systems include CP/M, MS-

DOS, and UNIX.

fe t c h

A read operation and its related data transfer operations.

file a llo c a t io n t a b le (FAT)

Allocates space on the disk for files, one cluster at a

time; locks out unusable clusters; identifies unused (free)

area; and lists a file’s location. With two FAT’s present,

the second copy ensures consistency and protects

against loss of data if one of the sectors on the first FAT

is damaged.

d is k s t o ra g e

Auxiliary memory system containing disk drives.

d is k t ra n s fe r ra t e

The rate that digital data is transferred from one point to

another. Expressed in either bits/second or bytes/

second.

flu x c h a n g e s p e r in c h

Synonymous with frpi (flux reversals per inch). Only in

MFM recording does 1 fci equal 1 bpi (bit per inch). In

run-length-limited encoding schemes, generally 1 fci

equals 1.5 bpi.

d o u b le fre q u e n c y e n c o d in g

Another name for FM encoding. This is because all

possible data combinations will result in only two

possible temporal displacements of adjacent data bits,

specifically “1F” and 2F.”

fo rm a t

In a disk drive, the arrangement of data on a storage

media. A standard 5.25-inch disk format consists of 17,

26, or 36 sectors per track, and 512 bytes of data per

sector, plus identification, error correction, and other

bytes necessary for accessing and synchronizing data.

e a rly w in d o w

A data window that has been intentionally shifted in time

in an early direction.

fo rm a t t e d c a p a c it y

The actual capacity available to store data in a mass

storage device. The formatted capacity is the gross

capacity, less the capacity taken up by the overhead data

used in formatting the sectors.

e m b e d d e d s e rvo

A servo technique used for track following. Position

information is prerecorded between data areas in a track

so that a data head, and proper additional circuitry, can

determine the data head location with respect to the

center position of the track (or cylinder) in question.

fre q u e n c y m o d u la t io n

A recording code. A flux reversal at the beginning of a

cell time represents clock bit; a “1” bit is a flux reversal at

the center of the cell time, and a “0” bit is an absence of

a flux reversal.

e ra s e

A process by which a signal recorded on a medium is

removed and the medium made ready for rerecording.

GL – 3

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GLOSSARY

fre q u e n c y re s p o n s e

in it ia liza t io n

A measure of how effectively a circuit or device transmits

the different frequencies applied to it. In disk and tape

drives this refers to the read/write channel. In disk drives,

it can also refer to the dynamic mechanical characteristics

of a positioning system.

Applying input patterns or instructions to a device so that

all operational parameters are at a known value.

in p u t

Data entering the computer to be processed; also user

commands.

in p u t /o u t p u t (I/O)

The process of entering data into or removing data from

a computer system or a peripheral device.

g ig a b yt e (GB)

One billion bytes (one thousand megabytes) or 10E9.

in t e llig e n t p e rip h e ra l

A peripheral device that contains a processor or

microprocessor to enable it to interpret and execute

commands.

h a rd e rro r

in t e rfa c e

An error that is not able to be overcome by repeated

readings and repositioning means.

The data transmitters, data receivers, logic, and wiring

that link one piece of computer equipment to another,

such as a disk drive to a controller or a controller to a

system bus.

h a rd s e c t o re d

A technique where a digital signal indicates the

beginning of a sector on a track. This is contrasted to soft

sectoring, where the controller determines the beginning

of a sector by the reading of format information from the

disk.

in t e rfa c e s t a n d a rd

The interface specifications agreed to by various

manufacturers to promote industry-wide

interchangeability of products such as a disk drive.

Interface standards generally reduce product costs,

allows buyers to purchase from more than one source,

and allow faster market acceptance of new products.

h e a d

The electromagnetic device that write (records), reads

(plays back), and erases data on a magnetic media. It

contains a read core(s) and/or a write core(s) and/or erase

core(s) which is/are used to produce or receive magnetic

flux. Sometimes the term is all inclusive to mean the

carriage assembly which includes the slider and flexure.

in t e rle a ve

An ordering of physical sectors to be skipped between

logical sectors on your hard disk.

I/O p ro c e s s o r

h e a d c ra s h

Intelligent processor or controller that handles the input/

output operations of a computer.

The inadvertent touching of a disk by a head flying over

the disk (may destroy a portion of the media and/or the

head).

in t e rru p t

A signal, usually from a subsystem to a central

processing unit, to signify that an operation has been

completed or cannot be completed.

h e a d d is k a s s e m b ly (HDA)

The mechanical portion of a rigid, fixed disk drive. It

usually includes disks, heads, spindle motor, and

actuator.

h e a d lo a d in g zo n e

The non-data area on the disk set aside for the controlled

takeoff and landing of the Winchester heads when the

drive is turned on and off. Dedicated annulus on each

disk surface in which heads are loaded, unloaded, or

flying height is established. Head-disk contact may occur

in some instances; no data is recorded in this area.

ju m p e r

A small piece of plastic that slides over pairs of pins that

protrude from the circuit board on the hard drive to make

an electrical connection and activate a specific option.

h e a d p o s it io n e r

Also known as actuator, a mechanism that moves the

arms that carry read/write heads to the cylinder being

accessed.

k ilo b yt e (KB)

A unit of measure of approximately 1,000 bytes.

(However, because computer memory is partitioned into

sizes that are a power of two, a kilobyte is really 1,024

bytes.)

in d e x

Similar to a directory, but used to establish a physical to

logical cross reference. Used to update the physical disk

address (tracks and sectors) of files and to expedite

accesses.

la n d in g zo n e o r Lzo n e

The cylinder number/location to where the read/write

head(s) move upon power down.

in s id e d ia m e t e r

The smallest radial position used for the recording and

playback of flux reversals on a magnetic disk surface.

la t e b it

A bit that is in the late half of the data window.

GL – 4

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GLOSSARY

la t e w in d o w

m is s in g p u ls e

A data window that has been shifted in a late direction to

facilitate data recovery.

A term used in surface certification. It is when a

prerecorded signal is reduced in amplitude by a certain

specified percentage.

la t e n c y

A delay encountered in a computer when waiting for a

specific response. In a disk drive there is both seek

latency and rotational latency. The time required for the

addressed sector to arrive under the head after the head

is positioned over the correct track. It is a result of the

disk’s rotational speed and must be considered in

determining the disk drive’s total access time.

m o d ifie d fre q u e n c y m o d u la t io n (MFM)

A method of encoding digital data signals for recording

on magnetic media. Also called “three frequency

recording.” Recording code that only uses synchronizing

clock pulse if data bits are not present. Doubles the lineal

bit density without increasing the lineal flux reversal

density, compared to Frequency Modulation.

lo g ic

m o d ifie d m o d ifie d fre q u e n c y m o d u la t io n (MMFM)

A recording code similar to MFM that has a longer run

length limited distance.

Electronic circuitry that switches on and off (“1” and “0”)

to perform functions.

lo g ic a l a d d re s s

m o d u la t io n

A storage location address that may not relate directly to

a physical location. Usually used to request information

from a controller, which performs a logical to physical

address conversion, and in turn, retrieves the data from a

physical location in the mass storage peripheral.

1. Readback voltage fluctuation usually related to the

rotational period of a disk. 2. A recording code, such as

FM, MFM, or RLL, to translate between flux reversals

and bits or bytes.

lo g ic a l b lo c k a d d re s s in g

Defines the addressing of the device by the linear

mapping of sectors.

n o n -re t u rn t o ze ro

A form of data encoding that is not self-clocking, in other

words, it needs to be provided with an external bit cell

clock signal. Generally used in higher-performance disk

drives.

lo g ic a l s e c t o r

The lowest unit of space that DOS can access through a

device driver; one or more physical sectors.

lo w fre q u e n c y

The lowest recording frequency used in a particular

magnetic recording device. With FM or MFM channel

codes, this frequency is also called “IF.”

o ff-lin e

processing or peripheral operations performed while

disconnected from the system CPU via the system bus.

o n -lin e

m a in m e m o ry

processing or peripheral operations performed while

disconnected from the system CPU via the system bus.

Random-access memory (RAM) used by the central

processing unit (CPU) for storing program instructions

and data currently being processed by those instructions.

(See also random access memory.)

o p e n lo o p s e rvo

A head positioning system that does not use positional

information to verify and correct the radial location of the

head relative to the track. This is usually achieved by use

of a stepper motor which has predetermined stopping

point that corresponds to track locations.

m a s s s t o ra g e

Auxiliary memory used in conjunctions with main

memory; generally having a large, on-line storage

capacity.

o p e ra t in g s ys t e m

m e g a b yt e (MB)

A unit of measure approximately one million bytes

(actually 1,048,576 bytes) or 10E6.

A software program that organizes the actions of the

parts of the computer and its peripheral devices. (See

disk operating system.)

m e m o ry

o u t s id e d ia m e t e r

Any device or storage system capable of storing and

retrieving information. (See also storage definitions.)

The largest radius recording track on a disk.

o ve rw rit e

m ic ro c o m p u t e r

A test that measures the residual 1F recorded frequency

on a track after being overwritten by a 2F signal.

Variations of the test exist.

A computer whose central processing unit is a

microprocessor. It is usually, but not necessarily, desktop

size.

m ic ro p ro c e s s o r

A central processing unit (CPU) manufactured as a chip or

a small number of chips.

GL – 5

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GLOSSARY

p ro c e s s in g

The process of the computer handling, manipulating and

modifying data such as arithmetic calculation, file lookup

and updating, and word pressing.

p a ra lle lis m

1. The condition of two planes or lines being parallel.

Important in disk drives because a lack of it in mechanical

assemblies can result in positioning inaccuracy. More

precisely: planes-coplanar; lines-colinear. 2. Is the local

variation in disk thickness measured independently of

thickness itself. 3. The ability of a multiprocessor

computer to allocate more than one processor (CPU) to a

computing problem, where each CPU works on a

separate problem or separate segment of that problem.

Also referred to as parallel processing.

p u ls e c ro w d in g

Modification of playback amplitude due to super-

positioning of adjacent flux reversal fields being sensed

by the read/write gap.

p u ls e d e t e c t

A digital pulse train in which each leading edge or each

edge corresponds to a magnetic transition read from the

disk. If transition qualification circuitry exists in the drive,

this signal is the output of same. Also known as

transition detect.

p a rit y

A simple method of data error detections that always

makes numbers either odd or even, using an extra bit in

which the total number of binary 1s (or 0s) in a byte is

always odd or always even; thus, in an odd parity

scheme, every byte has eight bits of data and one parity

bit. If using odd parity and the number of 1 bits

comprising the byte of data is not odd, the ninth or parity

bit is set to 1 to create the odd parity. In this way, a byte

of data can be checked for accurate transmission by

simply counting the bits for an odd parity indication. If the

count is ever even, an error is indicated.

ra n d o m a c c e s s m e m o ry (RAM)

Memory designed so that any storage location can be

accessed randomly, directly and individually. This is

contrasted to sequential access devices such as tape

drives.

re a d

To access a storage location and obtain previously

recorded data. To sense the presence of flux reversals

on magnetic media. Usually implemented such that a

dynamic flux amplitude will cause a proportional electrical

output from the transducer.

p a rt it io n

A logical section of a disk drive, each of which becomes

a logical device with a drive letter.

p e a k s h ift

re a d g a t e s ig n a l

A digital input signal which causes the drive circuitry to

recover data.

The shifting in time of the zero-slope portion of a

readback voltage from the values contained in the write

current waveform. Sometimes incorrectly used to

describe bit jitter.

re a d o n ly m e m o ry (ROM)

A form of memory which cannot be changed in formal

operational modes. Many different types are available.

RAM is used for permanent information storage.

Computer control programs are often stored in ROM

applications.

p e rip h e ra l e q u ip m e n t

Auxiliary memory, displays, printers, and other equipment

usually attached to a computer system’s CPU by

controllers and cables. (They are often packaged

together in a desktop computer.)

re a d /w rit e h e a d

p h a s e lo c k e d lo o p (P LL)

The recording element which writes data to the magnetic

media and reads recorded data from the media.

A circuit whose output locks onto and tracks the

frequency of an input signal. Sometimes incorrectly

called a data separator.

re -c a lib ra t e

The action of moving the head of a disk drive to cylinder

zero.

p h a s e m a rg in

Measure in degrees of the amount of difference

between excursions from the window center where flux

reversals can occur and the edge of the data window.

Similar to window margin.

re c o ve ra b le e rro r

A read error, transient or otherwise, falling within the

capability of an ECC mechanism to correct, or able to

overcome by rereading the data in question.

p h ys ic a l s e c t o r

The smallest grouping of data on the hard disk; always

512 bytes.

ro t a t io n a l la t e n c y

The amount of delay in obtaining information from a disk

drive attributable to the rotation of the disk.

PIO

Programmable Input Output. A means of accessing

device registers. Also describes one form of data

transfers. PIO data transfers are performed by the host

processor using PIO register accesses to the data

ru n -le n g t h lim it e d

An encoding process that repositions data bits and limits

the length of zero bits in order to compress information

being stored on disks.

ru n -le n g t h lim it e d e n c o d in g

A recording code. Sometimes meant to denote “2.7

RLL” which can signify 1.5 times the bits as MFM, given

the same number of flux reversals in a given lineal

distance.

p la t e d t h in film m e d ia

Magnetic disk memory media having its surface plated

with a thin coating of a metallic alloy instead of being

coated with oxide.

GL – 6

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GLOSSARY

s e rvo t ra c k

A track on a servo surface. The prerecorded reference

track on the dedicated servo surface of a disk drive. All

s e c t o r

data track positions are compared to their corresponding

servo track to determine “off track”/”on track” position.

A logical segment of information on a particular track. The

smallest addressable unit of storage on a disk. Tracks are

made of sectors.

s e t t lin g t im e

The time it takes a head to stop vibrating, within

specified limits, after it reaches the desired cylinder.

s e c t o r p u ls e s ig n a l

A digital signal pulse present in hard sectored drives

which indicates the beginning of a sector. Embedded

servo pattern or other prerecorded information may be

present on the disk when sector is active.

s ilic o n

Semiconductor material generally used to manufacture

microprocessors and other integrated circuit chips.

s e e k

s m a ll c o m p u t e r s ys t e m in t e rfa c e (S CS I)

An intelligent interface that incorporates controller

functions directly into the drive.

A random access operation by the disk drive. The act of

moving a set of read/write heads so that one of them is

over the desired cylinder. The actuator or positioner

moves the heads to the cylinder containing the desired

track and sector.

S .M.A.R.T. c a p a b ilit y

Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology.

Prediction of device degradation and/or faults.

s e e k c o m p le t e s ig n a l

A digital signal level which indicates that the positioner is

not moving and is located over a cylinder or offset

position.

s o ft e rro r

A data error which can be overcome by rereading the

data or repositioning the head.

s e e k t im e

s o ft s e c t o re d

The amount of time between when a step pulse or seek

command is issued until the head settles onto the

desired cylinder. Sometimes is measured without settling

times.

A technique where the controller determines the

beginning of a sector by the reading of format

information from the disk. This is contrasted to hard

sectoring where a digital signal indicates the beginning of

a sector on a track.

s e q u e n t ia l a c c e s s

The writing or reading of data in a sequential order such

as reading data blocks stored one after the other on

magnetic tape. This is contrasted to random access of

information.

s o ft w a re

Applications programs, operating systems, and other

programs (as opposed to hardware).

s p in d le

s e rvo b u rs t

The rotating hub structure to which the disks are

attached.

A momentary servo pattern used in embedded servo

control systems usually positioned between sectors or at

the end of a track.

s p in d le m o t o r

The motor that rotates the spindle and therefore the

disks.

s e rvo c o n t ro l

A technique by which the speed or position of a moving

device is forced into conformity with a desired or

standard speed or position.

s p u t t e re d m e d ia

Magnetic disk or tape that has the magnetic layer

deposited by sputtering means.

s e rvo h e a d

A magnetic head designed specifically for accurately

reading servo data.

s t e p p e r m o t o r

A motor that has known detent positions where the rotor

will stop with the proper control in some cases. The

digitally controlled motor moves the head positioner from

track to track in small, step-like motions.

s e rvo p a t t e rn

A readback signal that indicates the position of a head

relative to a track.

s t o ra g e c a p a c it y

s e rvo s u rfa c e

The amount of data that can be stored in a memory

location, usually specified in kilobytes for main memory

and floppy drives and megabytes for mass storage

devices.

A recording surface in a multi-surface disk drive that only

contains control information which provides timing, head

position, and track-following information for the data

surfaces.

s t o ra g e d e n s it y

s e rvo s ys t e m

Usually refers to recording density (BPI, TPI, or a

combination of the two.)

An automatic system for maintaining the read/write head

on track; can be either “open loop,” “quasi-closed

loop,” or “closed loop.”

s t o ra g e lo c a t io n

A memory location, identified by an address where

information may be read or written.

GL – 7

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GLOSSARY

s t ro b e o ffs e t s ig n a l

A group of digital input signal levels which cause the

read PLL and/or data decoder to shift the decoding

windows by fractional amounts. Often early/late are

modified when two signals are used.

Wh it n e y h e a d

A successor to the original Winchester read/write head

design. The primary change was to make the flexure

smaller and more rigid. First used in IBM 3370/3380.

Wh it n e y t e c h n o lo g y

t h in -film h e a d

A method of constructing a read/write head in a rigid disk

drive using a Whitney head. In all other details it is the

same as Winchester technology.

A magnetic transducer manufactured by deposition of

magnetic and electrical materials on a base material

contrasted with prior art mechanical methods. Read/write

heads whose read/write element is deposited using

integrated circuit techniques rather than being manually

wound.

Win c h e s t e r h e a d

The read/write head used in Winchester technology,

non-removable media disk drives. May be either a

monolithic or composite type. It is aerodynamically

designed to fly within microinches of the disk surface.

t h in -film m e d ia

See plated thin film media.

Win c h e s t e r t e c h n o lo g y

t ra c k

A method of constructing a rigid disk drive using

concepts introduced in the IBM model 3340 disk drive.

The primary changes from prior technology was to lower

the mass of the slider, use of a monolithic slider, radically

changing the design of the flexure and having the slider

come to rest on a lubricated disk surface when disk

rotation ceases. In addition to the above, a totally sealed

chamber containing the read/write heads and disks was

used to protect against contamination.

One surface of a cylinder. A path which contains

reproducible information left on a magnetic medium by

recording means energized from a single channel.

t ra c k -fo llo w in g s e rvo

A closed-loop positioner control system that continuously

corrects the position of the disk drive’s heads by utilizing

a reference track and a feedback loop in the head

positioning system. (See also closed loop.)

w in d o w m a rg in

t ra c k s p e r in c h (TP I)

A measurement of radial density. Tracks per inch of disk

radius.

The amount of tolerance a read/write system has for

transition jitter at a specified error rate level.

w o rd

t ra c k p o s it io n in g

A number of bits, typically a multiple of eight, processed

in parallel (in a single operation). Standard word lengths

are 8, 16, 32 and 64 bits (1, 2, 4, or 8 bytes).

The method, both mechanical and electrical, used to

position the heads over the correct cylinder in a disk

drive system.

w rite

The recording of flux reversals on a magnetic media.

w rit e p re -c o m p e n s a t io n

The intentional time shifting of write data to offset the

effects of bit shift in magnetic recording.

u n -c o rre c t a b le e rro r

An error that is not able to be overcome with Error

Detection and Correction.

w rit e g a t e s ig n a l

A digital input signal level which causes the drive circuitry

to record (write) data.

u n fo rm a t t e d c a p a c it y

Storage capacity of disk drive prior to formatting; also

called the gross capacity. (See format.) The raw capacity

of a drive not taking into account the capacity loss due to

storage of the format control information on the disk

surfaces.

u n re c o ve ra b le e rro r

A read error falling outside the capability of an ECC

mechanism to correct, or not able to be overcome by

rereading the data in question, with or without

repositioning the head.

vo ic e c o il m o t o r

A positioning motor that uses the same principle as a

voice coil in a loudspeaker. The motor has no detent

positions. The mechanical motion output of it can be

either rotary or linear.

GL – 8

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