Mackie Musical Instrument Digital Mixers User Manual

U S E R ’ S G U I D E  
Auto-Tune  
Antares Advanced Tuning Effects  
Plug-in for Mackie Digital Mixers  
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Contents  
Introduction ----------------------------------------4  
About Antares ---------------------------------------------------4  
About the D8B UFX Card -------------------------------------- 5  
About Auto-Tune------------------------------------------------ 5  
Let’s Get Started ---------------------------------- 6  
Requirements----------------------------------------------------6  
Authorizing the Plug-in----------------------------------------6  
Unlock Procedure -----------------------------------------------7  
Configuring the Plug-in --------------------------------------- 8  
Using the Auto-Tune Plug-in ------------------ 10  
Front Panel Overview ---------------------------------------- 10  
Global Controls ------------------------------------------------ 11  
Auto-Tune Controls ------------------------------------------- 13  
Vibrato Controls ---------------------------------------------- 18  
Saving, Loading, and Resetting a Preset ----------------- 19  
Automation and Snapshot Control ---------- 22  
FX Routing ---------------------------------------- 23  
More about Scales------------------------------- 28  
Note: Any future revisions of this guide will be available for  
viewing and downloading from our website: www.mackie.com.  
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Introduction  
Thank you for purchasing Auto-Tune from Antares. It is one of  
the exciting new family of 24-bit plug-ins for the D8B,  
specifically designed for the new Mackie Universal Effects (UFX)  
card.  
The Auto-Tune plug-in is a precision instrument for controlling  
pitch, allowing you to apply nuances of intonation to virtually  
any performance. This plug-in is an implementation of the  
Antares Auto-Tune pitch correcting software for the Mac and  
PC. It employs state-of-the-art digital signal processing  
algorithms to continuously detect the pitch of a periodic input  
signal (typically a solo voice or instrument) and instantly and  
seamlessly change it to a desired pitch (defined by a number of  
user-programmable scales).  
About Antares  
Antares Audio Technologies is renowned as a developer of  
innovative, DSP-based audio software and hardware, including  
the ATR-1 Intonation Processor, MDT (Multi-band Dynamics  
Tool) and JVP (Antares Voice Processor) DSP plug-ins.  
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About the D8B UFX Card  
The UFX card provides robust processing power for computation-  
heavy plug-ins. The UFX card is a 4-in/4-out architecture, which  
means it can support four mono, two mono and one stereo, or  
two stereo sends simultaneously. Up to four UFX cards can be  
installed in the D8B, allowing up to sixteen simultaneous single-  
channel effects, eight stereo plug-ins, or combinations thereof.  
Note: Earlier D8Bs were fitted with 16 MB of memory. It is recommended that  
you increase this to 32 MB (as fitted in newer D8Bs) if you install more than one  
UFX card. Memory upgrade instructions are supplied with each UFX card.  
About Auto-Tune  
Auto-Tune is very easy to use. Simply identify a key and scale  
and the affected signal will automatically conform to that scale  
in real time, while preserving all of the expressive nuance of the  
original. Auto-Tune can work while the track is being recorded  
(instead of as a separate post-recording process). In other  
words, the tracked vocal goes to tape (or disk) already in tune.  
Of course, you can always process a track that has already been  
recorded. Micro-adjustments can be automated using hands-on  
D8B controls instead of a mouse, a huge advantage when  
correcting melodies that have modulated to other keys or modes.  
Up to 4 channels of Auto-Tune can be engaged per UFX card.  
With 4 UFX cards installed, thats up to 16 channels of pitch  
correction!  
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Let’s Get Started  
Requirements  
• One or more Mackie UFX cards  
• Mackie Real Time OS 3.0 Software  
• Plug-in Software  
We will assume you have successfully installed a Mackie UFX  
card and Mackie Real Time OS 3.0 software upgrade. If you have  
encountered problems with the installation of hardware or  
software please see their associated user guides or contact  
Mackie support (www.mackie.com).  
Authorizing the Plug-in  
If you have D8B v 3.0 b186 or greater, the plug-in is already  
installed on the D8B hard drive, however an authorized unlock  
code must be entered to unlock the plug-in for normal operation.  
An Unlocked  
Plug-in  
AUTHORIZE  
1234-5167-89D1  
LICENSING  
D8 B Elect ronic Serial Number (ESN)  
D8 B SETUP s creens  
LICENSING window  
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Unlock Procedure  
1. Locate your D8Bs Electronic Serial Number (ESN). This  
is displayed at the bottom of the Licensing window,  
which is accessed from the Setup screen. The 12 digit  
ESN is made from numbers 0–9 and letters A–F. It is  
unique to the D8B processor, and is not the serial  
number label on the rear of the control surface or CPU  
chassis.  
2. You will also need your plug-ins serial number which is  
printed on the floppy disk label.  
3. To obtain the unlock code, have the ESN and plug-in  
serial number ready. Then you have two options:  
• Log on to the Mackie plug-in authorization web page:  
(http://www.mackie.com/d8bauthorize.htm)  
or  
• Telephone Mackie Tech Support at 800-258-6883.  
4. When you have obtained an unlock code, open the D8B  
Setup window, and click Licensing.  
5. With your plug-in highlighted in the Licensing window,  
click Authorize, and enter your unlock code in the  
UNLOCK CODE box. Click Enter, and enjoy your newly  
expanded console.  
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Configuring the Plug-in  
After booting the D8B you must assign the Auto-Tune plug-in to  
a UFX card. See FX Routing on page 23 for more details.  
Assign the Auto-Tune Plug-in to a UFX card  
1. Click the Plugins menu and select  
Plugins, (or Ctrl+P on the  
keyboard).  
2. In the Plugin  
Configuration window,  
locate the card slot  
that contains the UFX  
card you wish to assign  
to.  
3. In the Mode column,  
click the Mono/Stereo  
toggle button and set it  
to Mono.  
4. In the Plugin column,  
select Antares  
Autotune from the drop-down menu.  
Note: A plug-in can also be loaded from the Setup section on the console.  
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Assign an Input Source to the Plug-in  
Click the plug-ins INPUT button to select an input  
source. In the example below, we have chosen the  
Aux 5 Bus as the input to the plug-in installed in slot 5.  
When a plug-in is fed from  
an aux bus, its output  
appears on the FX Return  
channels (faders in the  
EFFECTS bank). The return  
channel is determined by the  
slot number and whether the  
effect output is mono or  
stereo. For example, a reverb  
with a mono input and stereo  
output that is installed in  
Slot 5 has its outputs on FX  
5 and FX 6. Note: The  
default state for all FX  
channels is MUTE. You wont  
hear the effect until you  
unmute its FX return  
channel(s).  
A plug-in can also receive its input from a channel pre- or post-  
DSP insert or the main stereo left and right bus. When a plug-in  
is inserted “in line” in this manner, its output is routed directly  
back into the channel. See FX Routing on page 23 for more  
details.  
Removing the Plug-in  
1. In the Plugin column, select none from the  
drop-down menu.  
2. Click OK in the Alert dialog box.  
Note: A plug-in can also be deleted  
from the Setup section on the console.  
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Using the Auto-Tune Plug-in  
Front Panel Overview  
You can think of Auto-Tune as being broken into three sections.  
1. Global Controls  
2. Auto-Tune Controls  
3. Vibrato Controls  
Global Controls  
Auto-Tune Controls  
Vibrato Controls  
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Global Controls  
Hide Plug-In  
Window But t on  
Input Select Dis play &  
Drop-down Menu  
Met er Dis plays  
(In/Out )  
Pres et Select  
Pres et Dis play/  
Select  
Menu Bypas s  
But t on But t on  
Memory A/B  
But t ons  
Input Select  
Assign Auto-Tunes input from any of the DB8s pre, post, or  
auxiliary channels.  
Input and Output Meters  
The input meter represents the incoming signal from the D8B,  
with a range from –50 dB to 0 dB. The output meter is located  
just beneath the input meter.  
Menu Button  
The drop-down menu button will enable familiar functions such  
as undo, redo, load, save, reset, cut, copy and paste. See page 19  
for more details.  
Hide Button  
The small button located at the top right of the GUI will hide the  
Auto-Tune window.  
Preset Selection and Display  
Toggle the up/down arrows to select from an array of factory  
presets or your own saved user presets.  
Note: The Input Source can be set from either the plug-in GUI or the plug-in  
configuration Window.  
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Memory A/B  
Memory A and Memory B are two separate storage banks that  
let you temporarily store setups. This is handy for quickly  
referencing and comparing sounds while you are creating edits.  
Bypass  
This allows the input signal to pass through Auto-Tune without  
being processed. Click the button again to resume processing.  
Switching the Bypass state will not cause any audio artifacts, so  
it can be used in real time for live performance, recording or  
mixing applications.  
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Auto-Tune Controls  
This section is a reference for all of the Auto-Tune controls and  
describes the function of each control.  
Scale Dis play &  
Drop-down Menu  
Scale Edit or  
But t on  
Pit ch Cont roller  
Change Met er  
Key Dis play  
& Drop-  
down Menu  
MIDI Input  
Channel Dis play  
Scale Det une  
Dis play & Slider  
Ret une Dis play  
& Slider  
Tracking Dis play  
& Slider  
Scale Selection  
Select the desired scale from the  
drop-down scale list. The first  
three scales are equal tempered.  
These are the ubiquitous scales  
typically found in Western tonal  
music. The other scales are  
historical, ethnic, and microtonal  
scales.  
An in-depth discussion of these scales and their history is  
beyond the scope of this guide. The interested reader will find  
more information in Tuning In – Microtonality In Electronic  
Music by Scott R. Wilkinson, published by Hal Leonard Books.  
For a brief synopsis of scales, see More About Scales on page 28  
of this guide.  
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Scale Editor  
Click the Scale button to open the Scale Editor  
window. Edits made using this dialog are associated  
with each scale. That is, each scale retains its own  
edits separate from the other scales. When finished  
editing, click the Done button to close the window.  
Scale Dis play  
Key Dis play  
Go t o Previous  
Page  
Go t o Next  
Page  
Set t o Major  
Scale  
Set t o Minor  
Scale  
Cancel But t on  
(t o clos e wit h-  
out s aving)  
Done But t on  
(t o clos e and  
s ave)  
Not e  
Cent Value  
Column  
Do Not Track  
Column  
Remove  
Column  
Value  
Column  
The Edit Scale window displays each note of the currently  
selected scale in the currently selected key. If the selected scale  
includes more than twelve notes, use the Page Up/Down buttons  
to scroll through all of the available notes. Beside each note  
name are two check boxes: Do Not Track and Remove. If neither  
of these boxes are selected, Auto-Tune treats this note as a  
normal scale note, i.e., when the input pitch is close to this note,  
Auto-Tune will correct the pitch to this note at the rate set by  
the Retune Speed control.  
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If the Do Not Track box is  
selected, when the input pitch  
is close to this note the input  
will be passed through with no  
correction. If the Remove box is selected, then the note is simply  
removed from the current scale. For example, selecting the  
Chromatic scale and then setting C#, D#, F#, G#, A# to Remove  
would cause a C Major scale to remain. In that case Auto-Tune  
would always retune the input to the closest note of the C Major  
scale.  
Why Remove?  
A pitch error greater than 49 cents could allow Auto-Tune  
to choose notes in a given scale that otherwise would not  
be played as the incorrect pitch moves through the scale.  
The scale and key selected by the user might be  
appropriate but if the pitch error is too great, an  
undesirable note from the scale could be played. In this  
instance select the Remove box associated with the culprit  
note.  
Key Selection  
To select the desired key, click the Key button  
and then click the desired note from the drop-  
down list. This determines the pitch of the first  
tone of the scale according to the standard  
A3 = 440 Hz.  
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Pitch Controller  
The Pitch Controller is used to force the  
input to an exact pitch. Trigger the desired  
note(s) by selecting keys on the keyboard  
image or by using a MIDI input controller.  
As long as a key is selected or held/triggered  
from an external controller, the chosen note  
MIDI Chan 6  
will adjust the input pitch. Only when you release the note will  
the input return to its original pitch. An external MIDI controller  
can also be used to gain immediate access to multiple octaves.  
Note: If you are using a MIDI tempo map or tracking with timecode you can  
easily program (record) a note value into a MIDI sequencer at a precise loca-  
tion. In this way it is possible to correct a particular problem where the  
performance might otherwise be fine - using as little processing as possible.  
Scale Detune  
The Detune parameter allows  
you to change the pitch standard  
of Auto-Tune from the default  
A = 440Hz. The values are cents  
(100 cents = 1 semitone or half  
step). The range of adjustment  
is from –10 to +10 (10 being  
100 cents).  
The Detune function can be used  
to tune a vocal performance to  
some irreparably out-of-tune  
instrument (a piano or organ, for  
example), or to allow correction  
to other than the conventional  
Scale  
Det une  
Change  
Met er  
440Hz standard. If you have a  
tone that you want to use as the  
pitch standard, select that tone and play it in a loop. Adjust  
Scale Detune until the Change meter reads zero. (You may be  
required to use the Edit Scale dialog to remove adjacent tones so  
that Auto-Tune doesnt tune to the wrong tone.)  
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Retune Speed  
Retune Speed controls how rapidly the  
pitch correction is applied to the  
incoming sound. The units are  
milliseconds. A value of zero will cause  
instantaneous changes from one tone to  
another and will completely suppress a  
vibrato (note that any related volume  
changes will remain). Values from 10 to  
50 are typical for vocals. Larger values  
let through more vibrato and other  
interpretative pitch gestures but also  
slow down how rapidly pitch corrections  
are made. Although the above  
Ret une Tracking  
Change  
Met er  
Slider  
Slider  
suggestions can be used as starting points, finding the correct  
Speed setting for a particular performance is largely a matter of  
trial-and-error and depends on such attributes as song tempo,  
note duration and vocal style, among others.  
Tracking  
In order to accurately identify the pitch of the input, Auto-Tune  
requires a periodically repeating waveform, characteristic of a  
voice or solo instrument. The tracking control determines how  
much variation is allowed in the incoming waveform for Auto-  
Tune to still consider it periodic. If you are working with a  
well-isolated solo signal (e.g., tracking in a studio or off of a  
multitrack tape) you can typically set the tracking control to 25  
and forget it. If, on the other hand, your signal is noisy or not  
well-isolated (as might be more common in a live performance  
situation) or you are dealing with a breathy voice, it may be  
necessary to allow more signal variation (higher tracking  
numbers). However, under these circumstances tracking is not  
guaranteed and a too “relaxed” setting may introduce distortion  
and popping.  
Change Meter  
The Change meter shows you how much the pitch is being  
changed, measured in cents (100 cents = 1 semitone or half  
step). For example, if the meter is reading +66, it indicates that  
the input pitch is 66 cents too flat and Auto-Tune is raising the  
pitch by 66 cents to bring the input back to the desired pitch.  
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Vibrato Controls  
The Vibrato Section contains one drop-down menu and three  
sliders. The Vibrato drop-down allows you to select the shape of  
the vibratos pitch variation through time. The choices are: (no  
vibrato), sine wave, square, and sawtooth. Depth varies from 0  
to 100 cents, controlling the amount of pitch variation in the  
vibrato. Rate varies from 0.1 to 10.0 Hz and controls the speed  
of the vibrato. Delay varies from 0 to 300 milliseconds,  
controlling the speed of onset of the vibrato.  
Vibrat o Type  
Drop-down Menu  
Dept h Slider  
Delay Slider  
Rat e Slider  
The vibrato is restarted every time Auto-Tune matches the  
incoming pitch to a different scale tone. Also, the vibrato is  
applied after the effects of the Retune Speed control. Hence,  
even with a slow retune value of 50, a square wave vibrato will  
make instantaneous changes in pitch.  
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Saving, Loading, and Resetting a Preset  
Auto-Tune settings can be saved and recalled  
from the hard drive. You can save and load files  
using either Memory A or Memory B.  
To Save a Preset:  
1. Click and hold the Menu button.  
2. Select Save User Preset to  
overwrite the file currently  
opened.  
3. Select Save User Preset As to  
save to a new file name. The Save  
Preset File As dialog box  
appears.  
4. A default name for the preset is  
automatically displayed, such as  
Preset#1. If you want to rename  
it, simply type in the name you  
want, using up to 32 characters.  
A new s ub folder can  
be eas ily creat ed t o  
help organize cus t om  
pat ches.  
5. Select INTERNAL (default hard drive) or FLOPPY.  
6. Click Save to complete the operation.  
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To Load a Preset:  
1. Click Mem A or Mem B to choose the  
memory location from which to load the  
file.  
2. Click and hold the Menu button.  
3. Select Load Antares Autotune to  
open a file. The Load Preset File  
dialog box appears.  
4. Click INTERNAL if the file is on the internal drive, or  
click FLOPPY if the file is on a floppy disk.  
5. Select the preset you want to load.  
6. Click Open to load the selected preset.  
You can als o load a pres et  
from t he Pres et Dis play.  
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To Reset the Plug-in:  
Reset will reload the previous patch.  
1. Click and hold the Menu button.  
2. Select Reset Antares Autotune.  
To Cut Preset Settings:  
1. Click and hold the Menu button.  
2. Select Cut AntaresAT.  
The current settings are temporarily  
stored in the clipboard memory in case  
you want to paste them to a new preset.  
The plug-in also reverts to its default  
state (it is reset).  
To Copy Preset Settings:  
1. Click and hold the Menu button.  
2. Select Copy.  
The current settings are temporarily stored in the clipboard  
memory in case you want to paste them to a new preset.  
To Paste Preset Settings:  
1. Click and hold the Menu button.  
2. Select Paste AntaresAT.  
The current settings are replaced with the setting in the  
clipboard memory.  
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Automation and Snapshot Control  
Dynamic Real Time  
To write automation on a loaded plug-in:  
1. Engage AUTO TOUCH.  
On The Cons ole  
2. Engage ALL, disengage  
BYPASS, and send  
timecode to the console –  
the POSITION readout will change to show TC is being  
received.  
3. Move a parameter or recall a patch (user or factory  
preset).  
Subsequent edits to any recorded automation moves may be  
performed in the Mix Editor. Enable the channel view by clicking  
on the Channel View button, then choose the plug-in you wish to  
view from the page drop-down  
menu. This displays a list of  
available channel and plug-in  
automation tracks on a  
parameter basis.  
Note: Parameters can be controlled from either the GUI plug-in graphic param-  
eters (using a mouse to modify the parameters) or via the VFD V-Pots and  
SELECT buttons (with the plug-in parameters called up on the VFD readout).  
Dynamic Off-line  
To write a snapshot on a loaded plug-in:  
Use the Event Automation Track, available under the  
Window Menu as ‘Event Track’, to load plug-in user  
(previously stored) or factory preset patches, at a  
specific time during automation playback.  
General Note:  
Plug-in settings are recalled as part of a console Snapshot, but may also be re-  
called as Presets (patches). If you are recalling snapshots and presets, be aware  
that one may override the other.  
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FX Routing  
The Plug-in Configuration Window  
Input Source As -  
s ignment Column  
Plug-in As s ign-  
ment Column  
Card Slot Column  
Clos e Window  
Plug-in  
dis play t oggle  
St ereo/Mono  
Mode Column  
Input Channel  
As s ignment Drop-  
down Menu But t on  
St ereo/Mono  
Toggle But t on  
Card A  
Card B  
Card C  
Card D (no  
card ins t alled)  
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Inserting a Plug-in into a Channel  
A pre- or post-DSP channel insert can also be used as the input  
source for a plug-in. When a channel insert point is selected, the  
plug-in output returns to the channel. The FX return path is  
disconnected, although the plug-in output is still displayed on  
the FX return channel meter.  
A plug-in channel insert assignment can be made from the  
Plugin Configuration window, or from a drop-down menu from  
the mixer screen.  
Plug-in Configurat ion Window  
Pos t -DSP Drop-down  
Pre-DSP Drop-down  
This assignment can also be made from the control surface and  
VFD by holding in the desired channels SELECT button for two  
seconds, then paging over to Plug Pre or Plug Post, selecting  
the input source, then selecting the desired plug-in slot from the  
follow-on menu.  
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Using an Aux Send with a Plug-in  
Click the associated INPUT menu button and select an  
Aux input source. In the example below, we have chosen  
the Aux 5 Bus.  
Send the Input Signal to the Aux Bus  
1. Send a signal to a D8B mixer input channel (MIC/LINE  
or TAPE IN).  
2. Assign the input channel V-Pot/GUI  
Control Pot to an aux send. We have  
chosen AUX 5 according to the example  
above.  
3. Use the AUX 5 control to  
adjust the input level to the  
plug-in.  
GUI Cont rol  
Pot As s igned  
t o AUX 5  
Remember to select an aux send before using the V-pot or GUI  
Control Pot on the mixer input channel (MIC/LINE or TAPE IN).  
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You will see the plug-ins input meter become active as you raise  
the mixer input channels aux send.  
Set the plug-in input/output signal levels as you would with any  
effect, so the meter reaches its upper-most range every so often  
(always trust your ears first). This can be accomplished from the  
console or GUI.  
Pre-Fader and Post-Fader Auxiliary Sends  
Normally, effect sends are post-fader, so the signal sent to the  
effect follows the program level in the mix. Occasionally you  
may wish to feed an effect from a pre-fader source so that the  
signal level from the aux control is independent of the channel  
fader position. Aux sends are selectable pre- or post-fader  
globally (all Aux 1s for instance) from the Mix Options screen in  
the Setup window, or individually on a channel-by-channel basis  
either from the channel strip or the Fat Channel.  
In the channel strip, Alt-click the Aux Send level  
indicator to toggle between pre-and post-fader operation.  
Post-fader is indicated by a red bar, pre-fader is indicated  
by a yellow bar.  
In the Fat Channel,  
clicking on the small  
indicators below the  
Aux knobs toggles  
between pre- and post-  
fader operation. Yellow  
indicates pre-fader,  
post-fader is indicated  
by the background  
color.  
Channel St rip  
Fat Channel  
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The FX Return Channel  
Switch the D8B Bank Select to  
EFFECTS (49-72) and bring up  
faders one and two (channels 49 and  
50). You will also see meter activity  
associated with these channels.  
FX Channels 1&2  
(channels 49&50 )  
St ereo Plug-in  
The Plug but t on  
t oggles bet ween  
Windows menu  
but t ons and FX  
but t ons (lower  
left on t he D8 B  
mixer s creen).  
Plugins but t on opens t he Pat ch  
Configurat ion window (or  
Ctrl+P on t he keyboard).  
Here t he Delay Fact or plug-in is  
s elect ed for dis play.  
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More About Scales  
Historical Tunings  
Ling Lun: a twelve-tone  
scale dating from 2700  
B.C. China.  
Scholars Lute: a seven-  
tone scale dating from  
300 B.C. China.  
Greek diatonic genus: a  
seven-tone scale from  
ancient Greece.  
Greek chromatic genus:  
a seven-tone scale from  
ancient Greece.  
Greek enharmonic  
genus: a seven-tone scale  
from ancient Greece.  
Pythagorean: a twelve-tone scale dating from 600 B.C.  
Greece. This scale is derived by tuning twelve pure  
perfect fifths upward and adjusting the octaves  
downward. This leads to some pure intervals and some  
very impure intervals.  
Just (major chromatic): a twelve-tone scale. Just  
intonation tunes the most frequently used intervals to  
be pure (integer ratios in frequency). These tunings  
depend on the mode (major or minor) and the key. This  
scale is tuned for major mode.  
Just (minor chromatic): (See Just (major chromatic),  
above)  
Meantone chrom.: a twelve-tone scale. This tuning is a  
combination of Pythagorean and Just tunings so that  
music in a wider variety of keys could be usable.  
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Vallotti & Young chrom: a twelve-tone scale. Another  
derivative of the Pythagorean scale designed to allow  
arbitrary keys.  
Barnes-Bach (chromatic): a twelve-tone scale. A  
variation of the Vallotti & Young scale designed to  
optimize the performance of Bachs Well-Tempered  
Clavier.  
Ethnic Tunings  
Indian: This 22-tone scale is used in India to perform  
ragas.  
Slendro: This five-tone Indonesian scale is played by  
ensembles called gamelans.  
Pelog: This seven-tone Indonesian scale is more  
interesting than Slendro and is now the primary scale in  
Balinese music.  
Arabic 1: This 17-tone scale is the original Arabic scale  
adopted from the Pythagorean scale.  
Arabic 2 (chromatic): This twelve-tone scale is the  
modern version of the Arabic scale popular in Arabic  
music today.  
Contemporary Tunings  
Equal-tempered scales with a large number of tones are typically  
used to play common tonal harmony with greater purity of  
intervals and chords. The typical approach is to analyze a  
passage (or less) of music and select tones from a scale that will  
best approximate the desired pure intervals.  
19 Tone: This scale has greater purity of minor thirds  
and major thirds (and conversely, minor and major  
sixths) than twelve-tone equal temperament. A  
disadvantage is that perfect fifths are narrower than  
those found in twelve-tone equal temperament.  
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24 Tone: Also know as the quarter-tone scale, this scale  
is used for variety but has no advantage in terms of  
ratios that better approximate pure intervals.  
31 Tone: In addition to intervals that better  
approximate pure intervals, this scale also contains  
good approximations to Indonesian pelog and slendro  
scales.  
53 Tone: Related mathematically to the cycle of fifths,  
the 53-tone scale has very pure major and minor thirds,  
and fifths and fourths.  
Partch: Harry Partch is considered the father of modern  
microtonality. This scale was devised by him and used in  
instrument building and performances.  
Carlos Alpha: Wendy Carlos performed extensive  
computer analysis to devise a number of equal-tempered  
scales with good approximations for the primary  
harmonic intervals and their inversions. This scale is  
good at approximating the primary intervals including  
7/4. This scale divides the octave into 15.385 steps,  
forming intervals of 78.0 cents.  
Carlos Beta: This scale divides the octave into 18.809  
steps, forming intervals of 63.8 cents.  
Carlos Gamma: This scale achieves perfect purity of the  
primary intervals 3/2, 4/3 and 5/4. This scale divides  
the octave into 34.188 steps, forming intervals of 35.1  
cents.  
Harmonic (chromatic): This twelve-tone scale is  
created in the partials in the fifth octave of the harmonic  
series. The scale degrees that correspond to the classic  
Just intervals are the major second, major third, perfect  
fifth, and major seventh.  
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Complimentary Doodle Page  
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®
©2001 Mackie Designs Inc. and Antares Audio Technologies.  
All Rights Reserved. Part No. 820-252-00 Rev. A 03/2001  
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