M Audio Electronic Keyboard 49 User Manual

Easy-to-Use 49-Note USB Keyboard  
User Guide  
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Table of Contents  
MIDI Messages In-Depth                                                                                                   15  
Program & Bank Changes                                                                                                         15  
NRPN/RPNs                                                                                                                           16  
Troubleshooting                                                                                                                   17  
Useful MIDI-Specific Troubleshooting Features                                                           18  
All Notes Off                                                                                                                             18  
Reset All Controllers                                                                                                                  18  
Warranty Terms and Registration                                                                                     18  
Warranty Terms                                                                                                                        18  
Warranty Registration                                                                                                                 18  
Technical Info                                                                                                                      19  
Appendices - Useful MIDI Data                                                                                        20  
Appendix A - General MIDI Instruments                                                                                         20  
Appendix B - Standard MIDI Controller Numbers (MIDI CC’s)                                                             21  
Appendix C - Additional RPN Messages                                                                                       22  
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3
KeyRIg 49 User Guide  
Introduction  
1
Congratulations on your purchase of the M-Audio KeyRig 49: a 49-key full-size, velocity sensitive USB keyboard designed for easy  
integration with your Windows XP or Mac OS X computer  KeyRig 49 is a quality keyboard controller with the ability to control a  
multitude of music creation and virtual instrument applications, such as Ableton Live and Key Rig (included in this bundle)  The  
KeyRig 49 keyboard is also an ideal companion to the popular GarageBand software  
KeyRig 49 Keyboard Features  
2
Keyboard:  
49-key velocity sensitive keyboard  
Pitch Bend wheel  
Modulation wheel; MIDI re-assignable  
Volume slider; MIDI re-assignable  
Octave up/down buttons; MIDI re-assignable  
Edit Mode button for advanced functions and programming  
Sustain foot pedal input  
no driver installation needed – simply connect and power on  
bus-powered through USB  
What’s in the Box?  
3
Your M-Audio KeyRig 49 bundle should contain the following items:  
M-Audio KeyRig 49 USB keyboard  
USB cable  
Printed KeyRig 49 Quick Start Guide  
CD-ROM including Key Rig software, driver, and User Guide  
Ableton Live Lite CD-ROM  
If any of the above listed items are missing, please contact the retailer where you purchased the product.  
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4
KeyRIg 49 User Guide  
About this Guide  
4
This User Guide covers setup and features of the KeyRig 49 USB keyboard. Even if you are experienced with MIDI and computer  
audio, we recommend reading this User Guide to help you get the most out of KeyRig 49  This keyboard can be used with many  
third-party music software applications  See your specific software’s documentation for more information on this  
KeyRig 49 USB Keyboard  
Minimum System Requirements  
5
Windows*  
<
Pentium 3 - 800 MHz or higher  
(CPU may be higher for laptops)  
<
<
<
256 MB RAM  
DirectX 9.0b or higher  
Windows XP (SP2) or higher  
(Windows 98, Me, NT, or 2000 not supported)  
<
One native USB port  
Mac OS  
<
Macintosh G3 800/G4 733 MHz or higher**  
(CPU may be higher for laptops)  
OS X 10 3 9 with 256 MB RAM,  
OS X 10 4 2 or greater with 512 MB RAM  
One native USB port  
<
<
<
*Home and Professional Edition only. Windows Media Center Edition is not currently supported.  
**G3/G4 accelerator cards are not supported.  
M-Audio suggests you also check the minimum system requirements for any third-party software applications you plan on  
using with your new M-Audio hardware, as they may be greater than the above.  
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5
KeyRIg 49 User Guide  
Installation and Setup  
6
The KeyRig 49 USB keyboard is class-compliant  This means that you may simply connect the provided USB cable between KeyRig  
49 and your Windows XP or Mac OS X computer and switch the keyboard on  Additional drivers are not mandatory for normal  
operation  
As you become more familiar with KeyRig 49, you may wish to take advantage of this product’s professional features such as: using  
your new keyboard with more than one application at the same time (multi-client) or sending advanced MIDI messages using KeyRig  
49’s Edit mode. When using Windows, some of these features can only be accessed after installing the optional KeyRig 49 drivers.  
No drivers are required for Mac OS X. The optional PC drivers are found on the KeyRig 49 CD-ROM included with this package.  
PLEASE NOTE: If you are installing the optional drivers for KeyRig, disconnect your KeyRig until you are instructed to  
connect it.  
To install the optional Windows XP drivers for KeyRig 49:  
1. Insert the KeyRig 49 CD-ROM into your computer’s CD-ROM drive.  
2. The computer will automatically display the interactive install screen. If your computer fails to launch the installer,  
manually start it by clicking on Start > My Computer > KeyRig 49  
3. Choose KeyRig 49 keyboard from the pull down menu and click “Install.”  
4  Follow the driver installer’s on-screen direction prompts  
5  At various points in this installation process, you may be notified that the driver being installed has not passed  
Windows Logo Testing. Click “Continue Anyway” to proceed with installation.  
6. Click “Finish” once the installer has completed the installation.  
7  Connect your KeyRig 49 to an available USB port using the cable provided  
8. Make sure that the power switch on the back of the keyboard is in the “on” ( I ) position.  
9. You will be asked if you want to search the Internet for a driver. Select “No, not this time” and click “Next.”  
10  Windows will display a Found New Hardware Wizard  
11. Choose “Install the software automatically,” and click Next.  
12. Follow the on-screen direction prompts and click “Finish” when the Found New Hardware Wizard has completed.  
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6
KeyRIg 49 User Guide  
Getting Started With Music Creation Software  
7
If you are new to MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface), you may find it challenging to understand why sounds have not simply  
been included in the keyboard  You will find that using a software-based sound source and recording system allows for access  
to an extremely large array of high quality sounds, a large graphic user interface, and freedom to work with many music creation  
applications. A basic understanding of MIDI will enable you to take advantage of its wealth of creative possibilities.  
Pressing one of KeyRig’s keys causes the keyboard to send out MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) data. MIDI data just gives  
instructions on how a sound should play  These instructions dictate parameters such as what note to play, when to play it, how loud  
to play it, and which sound to use  
When using a virtual instrument within your recording software, data from the KeyRig 49 keyboard can be sent to the sequencer,  
routed to a virtual instrument, and sent to an audio output, turning MIDI data into audible sounds. For this, you must configure your  
music software to read MIDI data being sent from the KeyRig 49 and play the sound back accordingly. In many music applications,  
this entails going into the Options or Device Set-Up menu in your music software application and selecting the appropriate MIDI  
input device. KeyRig 49 should appear under the name “KeyRig 49 In” or “USB Audio Device” in the MIDI devices section of most  
Windows XP music software applications  
In Windows XP, KeyRig 49 will appear as “USB Audio Device” if the optional drivers have not been installed. After installing these  
drivers, KeyRig 49 will appear as “KeyRig 49 In.” Please consult your software’s documentation for instructions on how to configure  
the software for use with MIDI input devices.  
Figure A: Sample MIDI device dialog window  
Figure B: Sample MIDI device dialog window  
without optional KeyRig 49 drivers installed  
with optional KeyRig 49 drivers installed  
NOTE:  
When running the Key Rig virtual instrument software in standalone mode, Key Rig automatically  
receives MIDI messages from your KeyRig 49 USB keyboard or from any other installed MIDI  
interface. No MIDI input configuration in necessary.  
When running Key Rig as a plug-in, your host application’s MIDI input settings determine the  
MIDI information received by Key Rig. Please consult your host application’s documentation for  
more information on MIDI routing.  
When using the Key Rig software in standalone mode, be sure to select your ASIO-compatible  
sound card and output channels from the pull down menu at the top of Key Rig’s screen as  
shown.  
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7
KeyRIg 49 User Guide  
The KeyRig 49 Keyboard  
8
Key Names  
The letters printed above the white keys stand for the names of the musical notes the keys represent. The number next to each  
letter marks the octave each key belongs to  (More information on octaves can be found in the following section ) Black keys are  
“semitones” to their adjacent white keys and don’t have a dedicated letter. A semitone represents the distance in pitch from one note  
to its immediate neighbor  
Black keys usually have the same name as the next higher or lower white key, but have an additional sharp symbol (# – semitone  
higher than the letter indicates), or flat symbol (b – semitone lower than the letter indicates) attached to them. For example, the name  
of the black key to the right of C3 is C#3 (C-sharp 3), but it can also be called Db3 (D-flat 3), since it is also adjacent to the D key  
on its right. In other words, black keys have two valid names, depending on the context of the musical notation they are part of.  
Octave Buttons  
An octave contains 12 notes, and each octave is marked out clearly on your KeyRig 49 keyboard by black and white sections starting  
on C. Each octave is given a number.  
KeyRig 49 is able to shift the pitch of its keys up or down by one or more octaves  When the keyboard’s octaves are not shifted  
(octave shift set to zero), the lights above both the Octave “<” and Octave “>” buttons will be lit. The default octave shift designation  
is zero and will be the octave setting each time you power up the keyboard  
If you press the Octave “>” button once, the light above the Octave “<” button will go out, indicating the keyboard is now playing  
an octave higher. If you press the Octave “>” button again, the keyboard will be shifted up two octaves. It is possible to shift the  
keyboard up a total of four octaves using the Octave “>” button. To shift the octave down, press the Octave “<” button in the same  
manner: pressing once for one octave, twice for two octaves, and three times for three octaves. It is possible to shift the keyboard  
down a total of three octaves  
To return the keyboard’s octave shift to zero, press both the Octave “<” and “>” buttons at the same time. Both LEDs will light,  
indicating that the octave shift has returned to zero. In summary, when the Octave buttons are set to control octave shift (default), if  
the light is only lit above the Octave “>” button, the octave is shifted up. If the light is only lit above the Octave “<” button, the octave  
is shifted down  
Pitch Bend Wheel  
As the name indicates, the Pitch Bend wheel is usually used to bend the notes played on the keyboard up or down  This allows you  
to play phrases not normally associated with keyboard playing, including guitar-style riffs  Your sound source determines how far you  
can bend the note  The usual setting is two semitones but can be up to two octaves up or down  
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8
KeyRIg 49 User Guide  
Modulation Wheel  
The Modulation wheel is typically used for modulation of the sound you are playing  This real-time controller was originally introduced  
on electronic keyboard instruments to give the performer options such as adding vibrato, just like players of acoustic instruments do.  
KeyRig’s Modulation wheel is assignable to control many possible parameters. (See chapter “Advanced KeyRig 49 Features in Edit  
Mode” for more information on this.)  
Volume Slider  
The Volume slider can send MIDI messages that control the volume of the notes you are playing. The Volume slider can also be  
assigned to control different parameters such as pan (balance), attack, reverb, and chorus  (See chapter “Advanced KeyRig 49  
Features in Edit Mode” for more information on this.) Some software applications respond to volume control MIDI messages, and  
some programs (like M-Audio’s Session) utilize the mouse and graphic user interface to control the volume of instruments  
Sustain Pedal Jack  
You can connect a momentary-contact foot pedal (not included) to the Sustain jack on the back of your M-Audio keyboard. The  
keyboard will automatically detect the correct polarity when powering up. If you want to reverse the polarity, simply press the pedal  
when you switch on your keyboard  
The foot pedal is normally used for sustaining the sound you are playing without having to keep your fingers pressing down the keys  
This is similar to an acoustic piano’s sustain pedal function  
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9
KeyRIg 49 User Guide  
Advanced KeyRig 49 Features in Edit Mode  
9
The button to the left of the keys labeled “Edit Mode” is used to access additional advanced functions of the keyboard. When this  
button is pressed, the keyboard will enter Edit mode and the keys on the keyboard can be used to select functions and enter data.  
The light above the Edit Mode button indicates whether or not the keyboard is in Edit mode. When in Edit mode, the black keys on  
the keyboard are used for selecting functions, while the white keys are used for data entry and channel selection  
Your keyboard will exit Edit mode as soon as either a function is selected or the CANCEL or ENTER key is pressed. The light above  
the Edit Mode button will then turn off and the keyboard can then be used to play notes again. Some functions do not require any  
additional data entry. When these functions are selected, the keyboard will automatically exit Edit mode and return to Performance  
mode  
Advanced Functions in Edit Mode  
Octave Buttons Options  
The Octave “<” and “>” buttons can be assigned to control one of six possible MIDI functions:  
• Octave Shift  
• Transpose  
• Program Change  
• Bank LSB  
• Bank MSB  
• MIDI Channel Change  
In the diagram above, the first six black keys are labeled “DATA = OCTAVE, DATA = TRANSPOSE, DATA = PROGRAM,  
DATA = BANK LSB, DATA = BANK MSB, and DATA = CHANNEL.” These keys are used to select the desired alternate  
function of the Octave buttons  
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10  
KeyRIg 49 User Guide  
To select an alternate function:  
1. Press the Edit Mode button.  
2. Press the black key that represents the function you want to assign to the Octave buttons. KeyRig 49 will exit Edit  
mode as soon as you push one of these keys  
PLEASE NOTE: Some of the functions that the Octave buttons can be used for cannot  
send out a value less than zero. When used to control these functions, both lights above the  
buttons will remain on, regardless of the current setting of that function.  
The available functions of the octave buttons are:  
Octave Shift  
The Octave “<” and “>” buttons control octave shift by default. However, if these keys have been programmed to control  
another function, you may wish to re-assign them to control octave shift once again  
To assign the Octave “<” and >” buttons to control octave shift:  
1. Press the Edit Mode button.  
2. Press the black key above C1 (C#1), representing DATA = OCTAVE. KeyRig 49 will exit Edit mode as soon as C#1  
has been pressed  
Another method of shifting KeyRig 49’s octaves is with the use of the black keys labeled OCTAVE “+,” “-,” and “0” on the  
Advanced Functions in Edit Mode diagram. This octave shift method can be useful when the Octave buttons have been  
reassigned to control another MIDI function.  
1. Press the Edit Mode button.  
2. Press the black key below B2 (Bb2). In Edit mode, this key functions as “OCTAVE +,” shifting the keyboard up one  
octave. It is possible to shift the keyboard up a total of four octaves.  
3. Press the black key above F2 (F#2). In Edit mode, this key functions as “OCTAVE -,” shifting the keyboard down one  
octave. It is possible to shift the keyboard down a total of three octaves.  
4. Press the black key above G2 (G#2). In Edit mode, this key functions as “OCTAVE 0” to reset the octave shift to zero.  
5. When you have chosen your octave shift, either press C5 representing “ENTER,” or press the Edit Mode button to exit  
Edit mode.  
Transpose  
In some cases it is useful to increase or decrease the transmitted pitch by a small number of semitones rather than a whole  
octave. For example, you may be playing a song with a singer and the singer is having trouble hitting the high notes. In this  
case, you can try reducing the pitch by one or more semitones. This is achieved using a function called “Transpose.”  
Transpose works similar to octave shift, except the shift is not limited to multiples of 12 semi-tones. As with octave shift, there  
are two ways of transposing the keyboard. When in Edit mode, you can assign the Octave “<” and “>” buttons to control the  
transpose feature. Alternatively, you can use the black keys F#3, G#3, and Bb3 to shift the transposition. These black keys  
represent “TRANSPOSE -,” “TRANSPOSE 0” and “TRANSPOSE +” respectively.  
To assign the Octave “<” and >” buttons to transpose:  
1. Press the Edit Mode button.  
2. Press the black key above D1 (D#1), representing “DATA = TRANSPOSE.” KeyRig will exit Edit mode as soon as  
D#1 has been pressed.  
When the Octave buttons are assigned to transpose the keyboard, the lights above the buttons indicate the direction  
of the transposition. To return the keyboard’s transpose shift to zero, press both the Octave “<” and “>” buttons at the  
same time  
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11  
KeyRIg 49 User Guide  
Channel  
MIDI data from the keyboard can be sent on any of 16 MIDI channels. KeyRig 49’s default is to transmit MIDI data on channel  
1. However, certain MIDI performance or recording scenarios may require the keyboard to send data on a different channel.  
You can change the channel on which data is sent using the following method:  
1. Press the Edit Mode button.  
2. Press one of the 16 channel keys from D1 to E3, whichever one represents the channel you need. KeyRig will exit Edit  
mode as soon as a channel key has been pressed  
For example, if a device specifies that you need to send data on channel 10, press the Edit Mode button, and then F2 to  
select channel 10  This channel is usually dedicated to drum sounds when working with GM compatible synthesizers and  
sound modules  
The channel can also be assigned to the Octave “<” and “>” buttons by pressing the Edit Mode button and then C#2. This  
will allow the Octave “<” and “>” buttons to increment or decrement through the channels. When channel 16 is reached  
and “>” is pressed, channel 1 will be selected. If the Octave “<” and “>” buttons are assigned to vary the channel, the lights  
above the buttons will not change, since it is not possible to have a channel with a negative value. Pressing both the “<” and  
“>” buttons together will recall KeyRig 49’s default, channel 1.  
Program Change  
Program changes are used to change the instrument or voice you are controlling with your KeyRig 49  Program change  
messages can be beneficial when using the KeyRig 49 keyboard to control MIDI sound modules or synthesizers. Some music  
software applications support these messages, however, others do not  Check your software’s User Guide to find out if it can  
process program change messages  
In this example, we will demonstrate how to change the instrument on a General MIDI sound module to a cello sound. To do  
this we need to send a program change of 42, which will select a cello sound from the General MIDI Instruments standard list  
(see Appendix A). There are two methods to send the program change:  
1) Increment/Decrement Program Change:  
1. Press the Edit Mode button.  
2. Press the black key above F1 (F#1). Now the Octave “<” and “>” buttons can be used to change the program.  
2) Quick Select Program Change  
1. Press the Edit Mode button.  
2. Press the black key above F4 (F#4), representing “program.”  
3. Press keys D4, then B3, then C5. This enters the combination: “4,” “2,” “ENTER.”  
Now the keyboard is set to play the GM cello sound 42 (from the General MIDI Instruments standard list). The full list of  
General MIDI program numbers is given in Appendix A at the end of this manual.  
Method 1 is useful if you want to cycle through different instruments for the purpose of comparing and choosing which sound  
works best in your song  Method 2 is more useful if you want to select a specific sound patch, as is the case here  
If the Octave “<” and “>” buttons have been assigned to control the program number (Method 1), the lights above the  
buttons will not change, since it is not possible to have a program with a negative value. Pressing both the “<” and “>”  
buttons together will recall Program 0, which selects the first sound patch on any synthesizer capable of processing MIDI  
program changes  
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12  
KeyRIg 49 User Guide  
Bank LSB and Bank MSB  
Program changes are the most commonly used messages to change instruments and voices  However, the number of  
instruments accessible using only the program change MIDI command is limited to 128. Since some devices have more than  
128 voices, they require a method to organize their large number of sounds into banks  These devices then access the sounds  
within these banks by using program change messages. See chapter “MIDI Messages Explained” for additional information.  
Generally, these devices use Bank LSB (Least Significant Byte) and Bank MSB (Most Significant Byte) change messages  
KeyRig 49 can send these bank change messages in two possible ways*:  
1) Incremental/Decremental Bank LSB and Bank MSB Change:  
1. Press the Edit Mode button.  
2. Press the black key above G1 (G#1) or Bb1 (A#1), representing Bank LSB or Bank MSB respectively. Now the  
Octave “<” and “>” buttons can be used to change Bank LSB or Bank MSB.  
2) Using the Quick Select Method:  
1. Press the Edit Mode button.  
2. Press the black key above G4 (G#4), or Bb4 (A#4), representing Bank LSB or Bank MSB respectively.  
3. Press the white keys associated with the bank number you wish to select, and then press C5 (Enter). For example,  
pressing the C4 (the number 3), A3 (the number 1), and C5 (Enter) keys in this step selects bank 31.  
As with Program changes, if the Octave “<” and “>” buttons are selected to vary the Bank LSB or MSB number (Method 1),  
the lights above the buttons will not change, since it is not possible to have a Bank with a negative value  Pressing both the  
“<” and “>” buttons together will recall Bank 0.  
Bank change messages must be followed by a program change message in order to recall a sound  Bank change message by  
themselves do not activate a sound, but only locate and access a predefined location of a set (bank) of 128 sounds  
PLEASE NOTE: Each time the keyboard is turned off, optional MIDI parameters assigned to the  
Octave buttons will be lost. When the keyboard is powered up, the Octave buttons will default to  
controlling octave shift.  
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13  
KeyRIg 49 User Guide  
Other Assignable Controllers on KeyRig  
10  
The Modulation Wheel  
It is possible to assign different MIDI controller numbers to the Modulation wheel. These parameters are called MIDI continuous  
controllers. There are 132 (counting from and including zero to 131) MIDI continuous controllers (MIDI CC’s). For these controller  
values to have any effect on the sound, the receiving software or device has to be able to read and respond to these MIDI controller  
messages  KeyRig 49 accepts controller numbers 0-131  Numbers beyond 127 are a proprietary method M-Audio uses to simplify  
the transmission of certain, otherwise more complicated multi-part MIDI messages. A full list of controller values is given at the back  
of this manual in Appendix B.  
Some useful MIDI CC’s are:  
< 01 Modulation  
< 07 Volume  
< 10 Pan (balance)  
< 05 Portamento  
To assign a MIDI controller message to the Modulation wheel:  
1. Press the Edit Mode button.  
2. Press the black key above C4 (C#4), representing “WHEEL ASSIGN.”  
3. Use the Numerical Data Entry keys G3 – B4 to enter the number of the MIDI controller you want to assign to the  
Modulation wheel  
4. Press the ENTER key (C5).  
5. Move the Modulation wheel upwards to increase the value of the MIDI message sent.  
If you make an error while entering the numerical data value, you can press the CANCEL key (C1) to exit Edit mode without  
changing the MIDI CC assigned to the Modulation wheel.  
As an example, let’s assign effect number 10 to the Modulation wheel. This means the Modulation wheel will control Pan (or  
balance)  To do this:  
1. Press the Edit Mode button.  
2. Press the black key above C4 (C#4), representing “WHEEL ASSIGN.”  
3. Press A3 to enter “1.”  
4. Press G3 to enter “0” so you have entered “10.”  
5. Press C5 for “ENTER.”  
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14  
KeyRIg 49 User Guide  
The Volume Slider  
As with the Modulation wheel, the Volume slider can also be assigned to any of the 132 controllers (0-131) shown at the back of this  
manual  
To assign the Volume slider to a certain MIDI parameter:  
1. Press the Edit Mode button.  
2. Press the black key above D4 (D#4), representing “SLIDER ASSIGN.”  
3. Use the Numerical Data Entry keys G3 – B4 to enter the number of the controller value you want to assign to the  
Volume slider.  
4. Press the ENTER key (C5).  
If you make an error while entering the numerical data value, you can press the CANCEL key (C1) to exit Edit mode without  
changing the MIDI CC assigned to the Volume slider.  
PLEASE NOTE: Each time the keyboard is turned off, optional MIDI parameters assigned to  
the Volume slider or Modulation wheel will be lost. Each time the keyboard is powered up, the  
Volume slider will default to being assigned to Volume (MIDI CC 07), and the Modulation wheel  
will default to being assigned to modulation (MIDI CC 01).  
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15  
KeyRIg 49 User Guide  
MIDI Messages In-Depth  
11  
Program & Bank Changes  
When the MIDI standard was first established, it enabled the user to access only 128 different sounds using program change  
messages (0-127). As MIDI devices grew to be more sophisticated and contain more sounds, bank change messages were included  
in an updated MIDI specification to allow for more than 128 sounds to be accessed.  
The language MIDI uses to communicate between  
musical instruments only allows for program  
change commands 0-127, for a total of 128  
"ANK -3"  
"ANK ,3"  
0ROGRAM  
possible programs (127 programs + program  
“0” = 128 programs total). Because of inherent  
limitations of the MIDI communication protocol,  
the number of directly accessible programs (using  
program change messages) cannot easily be  
expanded beyond 128. Thus, a system of banks,  
with 128 sounds in each, has been created that  
enables manufacturers to overcome the 128-sound  
MIDI limit.  
0ROGRAM ꢀ  
0ROGRAM ꢁ  
0ROGRAM ꢂ  
"ANK ,3" ꢀ  
"ANK ,3" ꢁ  
"ANK ,3" ꢂ  
0ROGRAM ꢁꢂꢃ  
0ROGRAM ꢀ  
0ROGRAM ꢁ  
0ROGRAM ꢂ  
"ANK -3" ꢀ  
0ROGRAM ꢁꢂꢃ  
0ROGRAM ꢀ  
0ROGRAM ꢁ  
0ROGRAM ꢂ  
"ANK ,3" ꢁꢂꢃ  
128 Banks with 128 sounds in each bank is the  
basic principle used to expand the number of  
accessible sounds  However, to avoid reaching the  
new limit of the resulting 16,384 possible sounds  
(128 banks x 128 programs) accessible using a  
bank change combined with a program change,  
another layer of banks was added  The result is a  
system of 128 banks that can contain 128 sub-  
banks in each of them, which, in turn, can contain  
128 sounds (programs) within them  
0ROGRAM ꢁꢂꢃ  
0ROGRAM ꢀ  
0ROGRAM ꢁ  
0ROGRAM ꢂ  
"ANK ,3" ꢀ  
"ANK ,3" ꢁ  
"ANK ,3" ꢂ  
0ROGRAM ꢁꢂꢃ  
0ROGRAM ꢀ  
0ROGRAM ꢁ  
0ROGRAM ꢂ  
"ANK -3" ꢁ  
0ROGRAM ꢁꢂꢃ  
0ROGRAM ꢀ  
0ROGRAM ꢁ  
0ROGRAM ꢂ  
Bank change messages are useful when calling  
up sounds from a large library that may exist in a  
particular sound module or software synth  For  
example devices that are built with Roland’s GS  
specification or Yamaha’s XG specification require  
you to specify a bank change in order to access the  
extra voices and effects that these devices provide.  
"ANK ,3" ꢁꢂꢃ  
0ROGRAM ꢁꢂꢃ  
0ROGRAM ꢀ  
0ROGRAM ꢁ  
0ROGRAM ꢂ  
"ANK ,3" ꢀ  
"ANK ,3" ꢁ  
"ANK ,3" ꢂ  
0ROGRAM ꢁꢂꢃ  
MIDI CC 0 is the bank select MSB (Most  
0ROGRAM ꢀ  
0ROGRAM ꢁ  
0ROGRAM ꢂ  
"ANK -3" ꢂ  
Significant Byte) message. This MIDI message is  
7-bit in size and can be used to select any of 128  
banks. This message can be used in conjunction  
with MIDI CC 32 which is bank select LSB (Least  
Significant Byte): a separate 7-bit message  
allowing additional selection of any of another 128  
sub-banks  The combination of Bank MSB and  
LSB messages gives a 14-bit message that can  
select any of a possible 16,384 banks. Each bank  
0ROGRAM ꢁꢂꢃ  
0ROGRAM ꢀ  
0ROGRAM ꢁ  
0ROGRAM ꢂ  
"ANK ,3" ꢁꢂꢃ  
"ANK -3" ꢁꢂꢃ  
0ROGRAM ꢁꢂꢃ  
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16  
KeyRIg 49 User Guide  
can in turn contain 128 possible sounds selected via a separate program change MIDI message. This enables a user to theoretically  
recall over two million programs directly, using only MIDI commands. However, most devices only use a few different banks, and  
allow you to access them with either a Bank LSB message or a Bank MSB message  Please consult your synthesizer’s or software’s  
documentation for more information on which type of bank change messages they can process.”  
You will find many MIDI devices respond to program change commands and many are organized according to the GM listing. In  
General MIDI devices, different sounds are organized in the same way from device to device. Piano sounds are in their particular  
place, string sounds are in their place, drum sounds are in their place, and so on  All GM devices (both hardware and software  
sound modules) are clearly labeled as such, so you know that their sounds are organized in the General MIDI structure. When a GM  
device receives a MIDI program change, it calls up a type of sound that you expect from the GM sound set. All non-GM MIDI sound  
modules call up unique sounds from their memory upon receiving MIDI program changes. Since the sounds in a non-GM device are  
not arranged in a particular order, you need to take a look at the device itself to see which sound you want and at which location in  
the memory it resides. Many VST instruments such as Native Instruments’ FM7 or the synth modules in Propellerhead Reason are  
non-GM devices  
You can send program change, bank LSB and bank MSB messages directly from the KeyRig keyboard  Please consult the  
“Advanced KeyRig 49 Features in Edit Mode“ section of this User Guide for further details.  
NRPN/RPNs  
Non-registered parameter numbers (NRPN’s) are device-specific messages that enable you to control synths and sound modules  
via MIDI. The MIDI specification defines open parameter numbers to allow manufacturers to specify their own controllers. The more  
common of these are registered by the MIDI Manufacturer’s Association and are now part of the MIDI specification (hence the term  
Registered Parameter Numbers – RPN’s). (See Appendix B) Each NRPN/RPN has an associated 2-byte number. The two bytes  
allow for 128 values each  (An RPN or NRPN message is made up of two parts: the MSB and the LSB message  Both of these  
messages together constitute an RPN or NRPN command ) This allows for 16,384 values in total  
MIDI controllers 98 and 99 represent the NRPN LSB and MSB respectively, while 100 and 101 represent the RPN LSB and  
MSB messages (see the MIDI controllers list in Appendix B). To transmit an NRPN/RPN message, these LSB and MSB controller  
messages are sent along with their user-specified values  A further controller message and value needs to be sent to specify the  
(coarse or fine) value adjustment. This is specified by controller number 6 (data entry) for coarse adjustments or number 38 for fine  
adjustments.  
A list of NRPN’s is usually given in the user’s manual of any device that receives NRPN messages. It is always necessary that the  
NRPN MSB and LSB be sent together  Both will be specified in the device’s manual  
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17  
KeyRIg 49 User Guide  
Troubleshooting  
12  
KeyRig 49 has been tested in a wide range of systems and operating conditions  However, there are virtually limitless numbers of  
operating scenarios, any of which could affect your system’s performance  Though this section cannot cover all possible situations  
you may encounter, we would like to offer some suggestions for dealing with possible problems. If you are still not able to find the  
answer you are looking for, please feel free to contact M-Audio technical support for further assistance  
Problem 1: My KeyRig 49 suddenly stopped working after having performed fine since installation.  
Solution 1: Close any music applications you are using, switch the KeyRig 49 off, and restart your computer  Once your  
computer has completely restarted, switch the KeyRig 49 back on  
Problem 2: I have connected a sustain pedal to my M-Audio keyboard, but its function is reversed.  
Solution 2: The polarity of the sustain pedal is calculated by the keyboard when it is powered up  On power up, the sustain  
pedal is assumed to be in the OFF position. If you want the sustain pedal to be off when it is not pressed, make sure the pedal  
is not pressed when you power up. Also check to see if there is a polarity switch on your foot pedal. It is possible to use this  
switch to change foot pedal polarity as well  Another way to reverse the sustain pedal’s polarity is to keep it pushed while  
powering on your KeyRig 49 keyboard  
Problem 3: The KeyRig 49 does not trigger sounds in my music software application.  
Solution 3: Be sure KeyRig 49 is selected as the MIDI input device within your software.  
Problem 4: I cannot locate the KeyRig 49 USB keyboard in my software’s MIDI devices dialog box.  
Solution 4: The KeyRig 49 requires a powered USB port  Try plugging the KeyRig 49 into a different USB port or powered  
USB hub connected to your computer  
Problem 5: My synthesizer always recalls the sound next to the program number that I have sent to it from the KeyRig  
49. For example, if I send a program change with the number 40 (Violin), my software loads sound number 41 (Viola).  
Solution 5: Some General MIDI modules count their sound patches from 1 – 128 instead of 0-127. Both methods are  
common. As a result, and depending on the sound module you use, there may be an offset of +/-1 between the sent program  
change number and the recalled sound patch  
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18  
KeyRIg 49 User Guide  
Useful MIDI-Specific Troubleshooting Features  
13  
KeyRig 49 has been designed to make working with MIDI on your computer as simple as possible. However, sometimes things can  
go wrong. To counter this, there are two useful MIDI functions.  
All Notes Off  
Use this if you find there are sustaining notes that you cannot stop. To send an “All Notes Off” MIDI message:  
1. Press the Edit Mode button.  
2. Press the black key above D3 (D# 3), representing “ALL NOTES OFF.”  
3. Edit mode will exit, and there will no longer be any sustaining notes.  
Reset All Controllers  
If one or more of the loaded sound patches doesn’t sound as expected, then it may mean that a MIDI CC has applied an undesired  
effect or other type of sound modulation to that voice. If you are unsure of which MIDI controller to adjust to eliminate the effect,  
you can send a “Reset All Controllers” MIDI message to set all controller values to their defaults. To send a Reset All Controllers  
message:  
1. Press the Edit Mode button.  
2. Press the black key above C3 (C# 3), representing “RESET ALL CONTROLLERS.”  
3. Edit mode will exit, and all controller values will be reset to their default values.  
Warranty Terms and Registration  
14  
Warranty Terms  
M-Audio warrants products to be free from defects in materials and workmanship, under normal use and provided that the product is  
Warranty Registration  
Immediately registering your new M-Audio product entitles you to full warranty coverage and helps M-Audio develop and  
manufacture the finest quality products available. Register online at www.m-audio.com/register to receive FREE product updates  
and for the chance to win M-Audio giveaways  
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19  
KeyRIg 49 User Guide  
Technical Info  
15  
Caution: Electro Static Discharge, Electrical Fast Transient and Conducted RF interference may cause the unit malfunctioning. In  
such case, unplug the unit and plug it in again to restore normal operation.  
Note: Your M-Audio product has been tested to comply with FCC Standards FOR HOME OR OFFICE USE. Modifications not  
authorized by the manufacturer may void user’s authority to operate this device.  
Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the  
FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation.  
This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the  
instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not  
occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be  
determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the  
following measures:  
Re-orient or relocate the receiving antenna.  
Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.  
Connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.  
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/ TV technician for help.  
ASIO is a trademark of Steinberg Soft– und Hardware GmbH.  
VST is a trademark of Steinberg Soft– und Hardware GmbH  
KeyRig 49  
Tested to comply with  
FCC standards  
FOR HOME OR STUDIO USE  
WARNING: This product contains chemicals, including lead, known to the State of California to cause cancer, and birth defects or  
other reproductive harm  Wash hands after handling.  
© 2007 Avid Technology, Inc. All rights reserved. Product features, specifications, system requirements and availability are subject  
to change without notice. Avid, M-Audio, KeyRig 49, Session and Key Rig are either trademarks or registered trademarks of Avid  
Technology, Inc. All other trademarks contained herein are the property of their respective owners.  
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20  
KeyRIg 49 User Guide  
Appendices - Useful MIDI Data  
16  
Appendix A - General MIDI Instruments  
PLEASE NOTE: The following table lists all General MIDI patch names using numbers from 0 – 127. Be advised that some GM  
modules count their sound patches from 1 – 128 instead. Both methods are common. As a result, and depending on the sound  
module you use, there may be an offset of -1 between the sent program change number and the recalled sound patch.  
Piano  
Bass  
Reed  
Synth Effects  
0 Acoustic Grand Piano  
1 Bright Acoustic Piano  
2 Electric Grand Piano  
3 Honky Tonk Piano  
4 Electric Piano 1  
5 Electric Piano 2  
6 Harpsichord  
32 Acoustic Bass  
33 Electric Fingered Bass  
34 Electric Picked Bass  
35 Fretless Bass  
36 Slap Bass 1  
37 Slap Bass 2  
38 Syn Bass 1  
64 Soprano Sax  
65 Alto Sax  
66 Tenor Sax  
67 Baritone Sax  
68 Oboe  
96 SFX Rain  
97 SFX Soundtrack  
98 SFX Crystal  
99 SFX Atmosphere  
100 SFX Brightness  
101 SFX Goblins  
102 SFX Echoes  
103 SFX Sci- Fi  
69 English Horn  
70 Bassoon  
71 Clarinet  
7 Clavinet  
39 Syn Bass 2  
Chromatic Percussion  
8 Celesta  
Strings/ Orchestra  
40 Violin  
Pipe  
Ethnic  
72 Piccolo  
73 Flute  
104 Sitar  
9 Glockenspiel  
10 Music Box  
11 Vibraphone  
12 Marimba  
41 Viola  
105 Banjo  
106 Shamisen  
107 Koto  
42 Cello  
74 Recorder  
75 Pan Flute  
76 Bottle Blow  
77 Shakuhachi  
78 Whistle  
79 Ocarina  
43 Contrabass  
44 Tremolo Strings  
45 Pizzicato Strings  
46 Orchestral Harp  
47 Timpani  
108 Kalimba  
109 Bag Pipe  
110 Fiddle  
111 Shanai  
13 Xylophone  
14 Tubular bells  
15 Dulcimer  
Organ  
Ensemble  
Synth Lead  
Percussive  
16 Drawbar Organ  
17 Percussive Organ  
18 Rock Organ  
19 Church Organ  
20 Reed Organ  
21 Accordion  
48 String Ensemble 1  
49 String Ensemble 2 (Slow)  
50 Syn Strings 1  
51 Syn Strings 2  
52 Choir Aahs  
80 Syn Square Wave  
81 Syn Sawtooth Wave  
82 Syn Calliope  
112 Tinkle Bell  
113 Agogo  
114 Steel Drums  
115 Woodblock  
116 Taiko Drum  
117 Melodic Tom  
118 Syn Drum  
119 Reverse Cymbal  
83 Syn Chiff  
84 Syn Charang  
53 Voice Oohs  
85 Syn Voice  
22 Harmonica  
54 Syn Choir  
86 Syn Fifths Sawtooth Wave  
87 Syn Brass & Lead  
23 Tango Accordion  
55 Orchestral Hit  
Guitar  
Brass  
Synth Pad  
Sound Effects  
120 Guitar Fret Noise  
121 Breath Noise  
122 Seashore  
24 Nylon Acoustic  
25 Steel Acoustic  
26 Jazz Electric  
27 Clean Electric  
28 Muted Electric  
29 Overdrive  
56 Trumpet  
88 New Age Syn Pad  
89 Warm Syn Pad  
90 Polysynth Syn Pad  
91 Choir Syn Pad  
92 Bowed Syn Pad  
93 Metal Syn Pad  
94 Halo Syn Pad  
95 Sweep Syn Pad  
57 Trombone  
58 Tuba  
59 Muted Trumpet  
60 French Horn  
61 Brass Section  
62 Syn Brass 1  
63 Syn Brass 2  
123 Bird Tweet  
124 Telephone Ring  
125 Helicopter  
126 Applause  
30 Distorted  
31 Harmonics  
127 Gun Shot  
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21  
KeyRIg 49 User Guide  
Appendix B - Standard MIDI Controller Numbers (MIDI CC’s)  
00 Bank Select  
01 Modulation  
38 Data Entry LSB  
39 Channel Volume LSB  
40 Balance LSB  
41 Controller 41  
42 Pan LSB  
76 Controller 76  
114 Controller 114  
115 Controller 115  
116 Controller 116  
117 Controller 117  
118 Controller 118  
119 Controller 119  
77 Controller 77  
02 Breath Control  
03 Controller 3  
78 Controller 78  
79 Controller 79  
04 Foot Control  
05 Porta Time  
80 Gen Purpose 5  
81 Gen Purpose 6  
82 Gen Purpose 7  
83 Gen Purpose 8  
84 Portamento Control  
85 Controller 85  
43 Expression LSB  
44 Controller 44  
45 Controller 45  
46 Controller 46  
47 Controller 47  
48 Gen Purpose 1 LSB  
49 Gen Purpose 2 LSB  
50 Gen Purpose 3 LSB  
51 Gen Purpose 4 LSB  
52 Controller 52  
53 Controller 53  
54 Controller 54  
55 Controller 55  
56 Controller 56  
57 Controller 57  
58 Controller 58  
59 Controller 59  
60 Controller 60  
61 Controller 61  
62 Controller 62  
63 Controller 63  
64 Sustain Pedal  
65 Portamento  
06 Data Entry  
Channel Mode Messages:  
120 All Sound off  
07 Channel Volume  
08 Balance  
121 Reset all Controllers  
122 Local Control  
09 Controller 9  
10 Pan  
86 Controller 86  
123 All Notes Off  
11 Expression  
87 Controller 87  
124 Omni Off  
12 Effects Controller 1  
13 Effects Controller 2  
14 Controller 14  
15 Controller 15  
16 Gen Purpose 1  
17 Gen Purpose 2  
18 Gen Purpose 3  
19 Gen Purpose 4  
20 Controller 20  
21 Controller 21  
22 Controller 22  
23 Controller 23  
24 Controller 24  
25 Controller 25  
26 Controller 26  
27 Controller 27  
28 Controller 28  
29 Controller 29  
30 Controller 30  
31 Controller 31  
32 Bank Select LSB  
33 Modulation LSB  
34 Breath Control LSB  
35 Controller 35  
36 Foot Control LSB  
37 Porta Time LSB  
88 Controller 88  
125 Omni On  
89 Controller 89  
126 Mono On (Poly Off)  
127 Poly On (Mono Off)  
90 Controller 90  
91 Reverb Depth  
Extra RPN Messages:  
128 Pitch Bend sensitivity  
129 Fine Tune  
92 Tremelo Depth  
93 Chorus Depth  
94 Celeste (De- tune)  
95 Phaser Depth  
96 Data Increment  
97 Data Decrement  
98 Non- Reg Param LSB  
99 Non- Reg Param MSB  
100 Reg Param LSB  
101 Reg Param MSB  
102 Controller 102  
103 Controller 103  
104 Controller 104  
105 Controller 105  
106 Controller 106  
107 Controller 107  
108 Controller 108  
109 Controller 109  
110 Controller 110  
111 Controller 111  
112 Controller 112  
113 Controller 113  
130 Coarse Tune  
131 Channel Pressure  
66 Sostenuto  
67 Soft Pedal  
68 Legato Pedal  
69 Hold 2  
70 Sound Variation  
71 Resonance  
72 Release Time  
73 Attack Time  
74 Cut- off Frequency  
75 Controller 75  
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22  
KeyRIg 49 User Guide  
Appendix C - Additional RPN Messages  
You may have noticed that although we have stated there are 128 MIDI controller messages (0 – 127), Appendix B shows 132  
assignable controller messages. This is because messages 128 – 131 are a different type of MIDI message, defined in the MIDI  
Specification as RPN messages. M-Audio has created four messages that are sent like MIDI CCs, but actually transmit a series of  
RPN messages. This makes sending these complex multi-part messages as easy as sending a MIDI CC message. You can assign  
these to the controls on your KeyRig 49 keyboard in exactly the same way as any other MIDI controller message. The RPN messages  
control the following:  
Controller Number  
MIDI Message  
Use  
128  
129  
130  
131  
Pitch Bend Sensitivity  
Master Tune (coarse)  
Master Tune (fine)  
Alters the range of a pitch bend message  
Adjusts the tuning of your sound module or synthesizer in large steps  
Adjusts the tuning of your sound module or synthesizer in small steps  
Adds a vibrato effect  
Monophonic Aftertouch*  
*Monophonic aftertouch is not an RPN message. However, it is an additional effect message defined in the General MIDI  
specification and this is why we have included it in Appendix C.  
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