2,4GHz
Wireless-N
Notebook Adapter
User Guide
WIRELESS
Model No.
WPC300N (EU/LA)
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Wireless-N Notebook Adapter
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction
1
1
Welcome
What’s in this User Guide?
1
Chapter 2: Planning your Wireless Network
Network Topology
3
3
3
Roaming
Network Layout
4
Chapter 3: Getting to Know the Wireless-N Notebook Adapter
The LED Indicators
5
5
Chapter 4: Setting up and Connecting the Wireless-N Notebook Adapter
Starting the Setup
6
6
7
Connecting the Adapter
Setting up the Adapter
7
Chapter 5: Using the Wireless Network Monitor
Accessing the Wireless Network Monitor
Using the Wireless Network Monitor
Link Information
15
15
15
15
18
19
20
28
28
28
32
32
35
35
35
38
Connect
Profiles
Create a New Profile
Appendix A: Troubleshooting
Common Problems and Solutions
Frequently Asked Questions
Appendix B: Windows XP Wireless Zero Configuration
Windows XP Wireless Zero Configuration
Appendix C: Wireless Security
Security Precautions
Security Threats Facing Wireless Networks
Appendix D: Windows Help
Appendix E: Glossary
Appendix F: Specifications
39
44
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Appendix G: Warranty Information
Appendix H: Regulatory Information
Appendix I: Contact Information
46
47
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List of Figures
Figure 3-1: Front Panel
5
6
6
Figure 4-1: Setup Wizard’s Welcome Screen
Figure 4-2: Setup Wizard’s License Agreement
Figure 4-3: Connecting the Adapter
7
Figure 4-4: Available Wireless Networks
Figure 4-5: WEP Key Needed for Connection
Figure 4-6: WPA Personal Needed for Connection
Figure 4-7: WPA2 Personal Needed for Connection
Figure 4-8: Congratulations
Figure 4-9: Available Wireless Network
Figure 4-10: Network Settings
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Figure 4-11: Wireless Mode
Figure 4-12: Ad-Hoc Mode Settings
Figure 4-13: Wireless Security - WEP
Figure 4-14: Wireless Security - WPA Personal
Figure 4-15: Wireless Security - WPA2 Personal
Figure 4-16: Wireless Security - RADIUS - EAP-TLS
Figure 4-17: Wireless Security - RADIUS - PEAP
Figure 4-18: Confirm New Settings
Figure 4-19: Congratulations screen
Figure 5-1: Wireless Network Monitor Icon
Figure 5-2: Link Information
Figure 5-3: More Information - Wireless Network Status
Figure 5-4: More Information - Network Statistics
Figure 5-5: Connect
Figure 5-6: WEP Key Needed for Connection
Figure 5-7: WPA Personal Needed for Connection
Figure 5-8: WPA2 Personal Needed for Connection
Figure 5-9: Profiles
Figure 5-10: Creating a Profile
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Figure 5-11: WEP Key Needed for Connection
Figure 5-12: WPA Personal Needed for Connection
Figure 5-13: WPA2 Personal Needed for Connection
Figure 5-14: Congratulations
Figure 5-15: Available Wireless Networks
Figure 5-16: Network Settings
Figure 5-17: Wireless Mode
Figure 5-18: Ad-Hoc Mode Settings
Figure 5-19: Wireless Security - WEP
Figure 5-20: Wireless Security - WPA Personal
Figure 5-21: Wireless Security - WPA2 Personal
Figure 5-22: Wireless Security - RADIUS - EAP-TLS
Figure 5-23: Wireless Security - RADIUS - PEAP
Figure 5-24: Confirm New Settings
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Figure 5-25: Congratulations
Figure B-1: Wireless Network Monitor Icon
Figure B-2: Windows XP - Use Windows XP Wireless Configuration
Figure B-3: Windows XP Wireless Zero Configuration Icon
Figure B-4: Available Wireless Network
Figure B-5: No Wireless Security
Figure B-6: Network Connection - Wireless Security
Figure B-7: Wireless Network Connection
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Chapter 1: Introduction
Welcome
adapter: a device that adds network functionality
to your PC.
Thank you for choosing the Wireless-N Notebook Adapter. Setting up your network and your Wireless-N Notebook
Adapter is easier than ever.
How does the Adapter do this? Like all wireless products, the Adapter allows for greater range and mobility
within your wireless network, whether it’s using the Wireless-G (802.11g) or Wireless-B (802.11b) standard. But
with Wireless-N, it has even better range and speed.
network: a series of computers or devices
connected for the purpose of data sharing,
storage, and/or transmission between users.
802.11g a wireless networking standard that
specifies a maximum data transfer rate of 54Mbps
and an operating frequency of 2.4GHz.
But what does all of this mean?
Networks are useful tools for sharing computer resources. You can access one printer from different computers
and access data located on another computer's hard drive. Networks are even used for playing multiplayer video
games. So, networks are not only useful in homes and offices, they can also be fun.
802.11b: a wireless networking standard that
specifies a maximum data transfer rate of 11Mbps
and an operating frequency of 2.4GHz.
PCs equipped with wireless cards and adapters can communicate without cumbersome cables. By sharing the
same wireless settings, within their transmission radius, they form a wireless network.
The included Setup Wizard walks you through configuring the Adapter to your wireless network settings, step by
step. Use the instructions in this Guide to help you set up and connect the Adapter using the Setup Wizard. These
instructions should be all you need to get the most out of the Adapter.
bit: a binary digit.
encryption: encoding data transmitted in a network
What’s in this User Guide?
This user guide covers the steps for setting up and using the Wireless-N Notebook Adapter.
•
•
•
•
Chapter 1: Introduction
This chapter describes the Adapter’s applications and this User Guide.
Chapter 2: Planning Your Wireless Network
This chapter discusses a few of the basics about wireless networking.
Chapter 3: Getting to Know the Wireless-N Notebook Adapter
This chapter describes the physical features of the Adapter.
Chapter 4: Setting up and Connecting the Wireless-N Notebook Adapter
This chapter instructs you on how to install and configure the Adapter.
Chapter 1: Introduction
Welcome
1
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•
•
Chapter 5: Using the Wireless Network Monitor
This chapter show you how to use the Adapter’s Wireless Network Monitor.
Appendix A: Troubleshooting
This appendix describes some problems and solutions, as well as frequently asked questions, regarding
installation and use of the Adapter.
•
•
Appendix B: Windows XP Wireless Zero Configuration
This appendix describes how to use Windows XP Wireless Zero Configuration.
Appendix C: Wireless Security
This appendix discusses security issues regarding wireless networking and measures you can take to help
protect your wireless network.
•
Appendix D: Windows Help
This appendix describes how you can use Windows Help for instructions about networking, such as installing
the TCP/IP protocol.
•
•
•
•
•
Appendix E: Glossary
This appendix gives a brief glossary of terms frequently used in networking.
Appendix F: Specifications
This appendix provides the Adapter’s technical specifications.
Appendix G: Warranty Information
This appendix supplies the Adapter’s warranty information.
Appendix H: Regulatory Information
This appendix supplies the Adapter’s regulatory information.
Appendix I: Contact Information
This appendix provides contact information for a variety of Linksys resources, including Technical Support.
Chapter 1: Introduction
What’s in this User Guide?
2
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Chapter 2: Planning your Wireless Network
Network Topology
topology: the physical layout of a network.
A wireless network is a group of computers, each equipped with one wireless adapter. Computers in a wireless
network must be configured to share the same radio channel. Several PCs equipped with wireless cards or
adapters can communicate with one another to form an ad-hoc network.
access point: a device that allows wireless-
equipped computers and other devices to
communicate with a wired network
Linksys wireless adapters also provide users access to a wired network when using an access point or wireless
router. An integrated wireless and wired network is called an infrastructure network. Each wireless PC in an
infrastructure network can talk to any computer in a wired network infrastructure via the access point or wireless
router.
ad-hoc: a group of wireless devices
communicating directly with each other (peer-
to-peer) without the use of an access point.
An infrastructure configuration extends the accessibility of a wireless PC to a wired network, and can double the
effective wireless transmission range for two wireless adapter PCs. Since an access point is able to forward data
within a network, the effective transmission range in an infrastructure network can be doubled.
infrastructure: a wireless network that is
bridged to a wired network via an access point.
Roaming
roaming: the ability to take a wireless device
from one access point's range to another without
losing the connection.
Infrastructure mode also supports roaming capabilities for mobile users. Roaming means that you can move your
wireless PC within your network and the access points will pick up the wireless PC's signal, providing that they
both share the same channel and SSID.
ssid: your wireless network's name.
Before enabling you consider roaming, choose a feasible radio channel and optimum access point position.
Proper access point positioning combined with a clear radio signal will greatly enhance performance.
Chapter 2: Planning your Wireless Network
Network Topology
3
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Network Layout
Linksys wireless access points and wireless routers have been designed for use with 802.11b and 802.11g
products. With 802.11g products communicating with the 802.11b standard, products using these standards can
communicate with each other and with Wireless-N products. Wireless-N products are backward compatible with
802.11b and 802.11g products.
Access points and wireless routers are compatible with 802.11b and 802.11g adapters, such at the PC Cards for
your laptop computers, PCI Card for your desktop PC, and USB Adapters for when you want to enjoy USB
connectivity. Wireless products will also communicate with the wireless PrintServer.
When you wish to connect your wired network with your wireless network, network ports on access points and
wireless routers can be connected to any of Linksys's switches or routers.
With these, and many other, Linksys products, your networking options are limitless. Go to the Linksys website at
Chapter 2: Planning your Wireless Network
Network Layout
4
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Chapter 3: Getting to Know the Wireless-N Notebook
Adapter
The LED Indicators
The Network Adapter's LEDs display information about network activity.
Link/Act
Power
Figure 3-1: Front Panel
Power
Green. The Power LED lights up when the Adapter is powered on.
Link/Act
Green. The Link/Act LED lights up when the Adapter has an active connection.
Chapter 3: Getting to Know the Wireless-N Notebook Adapter
The LED Indicators
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Chapter 4: Setting up and Connecting the Wireless-N
Notebook Adapter
Starting the Setup
The Wireless-N Notebook Adapter Setup Wizard will guide you through the installation procedure. The Setup
Wizard will install the driver and Wireless Network Monitor, as well as connect and configure the Adapter.
IMPORTANT: Do not connect the Adapter until you are instructed to
do so or the setup will not work.
Insert the Setup Wizard CD-ROM into your CD-ROM drive. The Setup Wizard should run automatically, and the
Welcome screen should appear. If it does not, click the Start button and choose Run. In the field that appears,
enter D:\setup.exe (if “D” is the letter of your CD-ROM drive).
Figure 4-1: Setup Wizard’s Welcome Screen
On the Welcome screen, you have the following choices:
Click Here to Start- Click the Click Here to Start button to begin the software installation process.
User Guide - Click the User Guide button to open the PDF file of this User Guide.
Diagnostic - Click the Diagnostic button to run a diagnostic check on your installed Notebook Adapter’s Wireless
Network Monitor and driver.
Exit - Click the Exit button to exit the Setup Wizard.
1. To install the Adapter, click the Click Here to Start button on the Welcome screen.
2. After reading the License Agreement, click the Next button if you agree and want to continue the installation,
or click the Cancel button to end the installation.
3. Windows will begin copying the files onto your PC.
Figure 4-2: Setup Wizard’s License Agreement
Chapter 4: Setting up and Connecting the Wireless-N Notebook Adapter
Starting the Setup
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Connecting the Adapter
1. Locate an available CardBus slot on your notebook PC.
2. With the connector pin end facing the CardBus slot and the label facing up, slide the Adapter into the CardBus
slot until it locks in place.
3. Windows will begin copying the driver files to your computer.
4. Click Next.
Setting up the Adapter
The next screen to appear will be the Available Wireless Networks screen.
This screen provides two options for setting up the Adapter.
Figure 4-3: Connecting the Adapter
•
•
Available Wireless Networks. (For most users.) Use this option if you already have a network set up. The
networks available to this Adapter will be listed on this screen. You can choose one of these networks and
click the Connect button to connect to it. Click the Refresh button to update the Available Wireless Network
list.
Manual Setup. If your network is not listed on this screen, select Advanced Setup to set up the adapter
manually. This method of setting up the Adapter is intended for Advanced Users only.
The setup for each option is described, step by step, under the appropriate heading on the following pages.
Click Exit to close the Setup Wizard, if you wish to set up the Adapter later.
Available Wireless Networks
The available networks are listed in the table on the center of the screen by Wireless Network Name. Select the
wireless network you wish to connect to and click the Connect button. (If you do not see your network listed, you
can click the Refresh button to bring the list up again.) If the network utilizes wireless security, you will need to
configure security on the Adapter. If not, you will be taken directly to the Congratulations screen.
1. If you have wireless security enabled on your network, continue to step 2. If you don’t have wireless security
enabled, continue to step 3.
Figure 4-4: Available Wireless Networks
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Connecting the Adapter
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2. If your network has WEP, WPA Personal, or WPA2 Personal wireless security enabled, then that security
screen will appear. Continue to the screen for your wireless security.
•
WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy)
If you have WEP enabled, this screen will appear. Select 64-bit or 128-bit. Then enter a passphrase or
WEP key.
Passphrase - Enter a passphrase in the Passphrase field, so a WEP key is automatically generated. The
passphrase is case-sensitive and should not be longer than 16 alphanumeric characters. It must match
the passphrase of your other wireless network devices and is compatible with Linksys wireless products
only. (If you have any non-Linksys wireless products, enter the WEP key manually on those products.)
Figure 4-5: WEP Key Needed for Connection
WEP Key - The WEP key you enter must match the WEP key of your wireless network. For 64-bit
encryption, enter exactly 10 hexadecimal characters. For 128-bit encryption, enter exactly 26
hexadecimal characters. Valid hexadecimal characters are “0” to “9” and “A” to “F”.
Then click Connect and proceed to Step 3.
•
WPA Personal (Wi-Fi Protected Access)
If your network has the wireless security WPA Personal enabled, this screen will appear.
Encryption - Select the type of algorithm you want to use, TKIP or AES, from the Encryption drop-down
menu.
Figure 4-6: WPA Personal Needed for Connection
Pre-shared Key - Enter a Pre-shared key of 8-63 characters in the Pre-shared Key field.
wep (wired equivalent privacy): a method of encrypting network
Then click Connect and proceed to Step 3.
data transmitted on a wireless network for greater security.
encryption: encoding data transmitted in a network.
wpa (wi-fi protected access: a wireless security protocol
using TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol) encryption,
which can be used in conjunction with a RADIUS server.
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WPA2 Personal (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2)
•
If your network has the wireless security WPA2 Personal enabled, this screen will appear.
Pre-shared Key - Enter a Pre-shared Key of 8-63 characters in the Pre-shared Key field.
Then click Connect and proceed to Step 3.
Figure 4-7: WPA2 Personal Needed for Connection
3. After the software has been successfully installed, the Congratulations screen will appear. Click Finish to
exit. For more information about the Wireless Network Monitor, refer to Chapter 5: Using the Wireless Network
Monitor.
Congratulations! The installation of the Wireless-N Notebook Adapter is complete.
To check the link information, search for available wireless networks, or make additional configuration changes,
proceed to Chapter 5: Using the Wireless Network Monitor.
Figure 4-8: Congratulations
Chapter 4: Setting up and Connecting the Wireless-N Notebook Adapter
Setting up the Adapter
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Advanced Setup
If your network is not listed with the available networks, you can use Manual Setup.
1. Click Advanced Setup on the Available Wireless Network screen to set up the adapter manually.
2. The Network Settings screen from the Wireless Network Monitor will appear. If your network has a router or
other DHCP server, click the radio button next to Obtain network settings automatically (DHCP).
If your network does not have a DHCP server or router, click the radio button next to Specify network settings.
Enter an IP Address, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway, and DNS addresses appropriate for your network. You
must specify the IP Address and Subnet Mask on this screen. If you are unsure about the Default Gateway and
DNS addresses, leave these fields empty.
Figure 4-9: Available Wireless Network
Figure 4-10: Network Settings
Figure 4-11: Wireless Mode
IP Address - This IP Address must be unique to your network.
Subnet Mask - The Adapter’s Subnet Mask must be the same as your wired network’s Subnet Mask.
Default Gateway - Enter the IP address of your network’s Gateway here.
DNS 1 and DNS 2 - Enter the DNS address of your wired Ethernet network here.
Click the Next button to continue, or click the Back button to return to the previous screen.
3. The Wireless Mode screen shows a choice of two wireless modes. Click the Infrastructure Mode radio
button if you want to connect to a wireless router or access point. Click the Ad-Hoc Mode radio button if you
want to connect to another wireless device directly without using a wireless router or access point. Enter the
Wireless Network Name for your network.
Infrastructure Mode - Use this mode if you want to connect to a wireless router or access point.
Ad-Hoc Mode - Use this mode if you want to connect to another wireless device directly without using a
wireless router or access point.
Wireless Network Name- This is the wireless network name (SSID) that must be used for all the devices in
your wireless network. It is case- sensitive and should be a unique name to help prevent others from entering
your network.
Click the Next button to continue, or click the Back button to return to the previous screen.
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4. If you chose Infrastructure Mode, go to Step 5 now. If you chose Ad-Hoc Mode, the Ad-Hoc Mode Settings
screen will appear.
Network Mode - Select the Network Mode in which your wireless network will operate. In Mixed mode,
Wireless-N, Wireless-B and Wireless-G devices can operate on the same network. In Wireless-G Only mode,
no Wireless-B devices can operate in the network.
Standard Channel - Select the correct channel for your wireless network. The channel you choose should
match the channel set on the other devices in your wireless network. If you are unsure about which channel
to use, keep the default setting Auto.
Click the Next button. Click the Back button to change any settings.
5. If your wireless network doesn’t have wireless security, select Disabled and then click the Next button to
continue. Proceed to Step 6.
If your wireless network has wireless security, select the method of security used: WEP, WPA Personal, WPA2
Personal, or RADIUS. WEP stands for Wired Equivalent Privacy, and WPA stands for Wi-Fi Protected Access.
WPA2 stands for Wi-Fi Protected Access 2. WPA is a stronger security method than WEP. WPA2 is a stronger
security method than WPA. RADIUS stands for Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service. Click the Next
button to continue or the Back button to return to the previous screen.
Figure 4-12: Ad-Hoc Mode Settings
Proceed to the appropriate section for your security method: WEP, WPA Personal, WPA2 Personal, or RADIUS.
WEP
WEP - Select 64-bit or 128-bit encryption
Passphrase - Enter a passphrase in the Passphrase field, so a WEP key is automatically generated. It is case-
sensitive and should not be longer than 16 alphanumeric characters. This passphrase must match the
passphrase of your other wireless network devices and is compatible with Linksys wireless products only. (If
you have any non-Linksys wireless products, enter the WEP key manually on those products.)
WEP Key - The WEP key you enter must match the WEP key of your wireless network. For 64-bit encryption,
enter exactly 10 hexadecimal characters. For 128-bit encryption, enter exactly 26 hexadecimal characters.
Valid hexadecimal characters are “0” to “9” and “A” to “F”.
Advanced Users
TX Key - The default transmit key number is 1. If your network’s access point or wireless router uses transmit
key number 2, 3, or 4, select the appropriate number from the TX Key drop-down box.
Figure 4-13: Wireless Security - WEP
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Setting up the Adapter
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Authentication -The default is set to Auto, so it will auto-detect for Shared Key or Open System authentication.
For Shared Key authentication, both the sender and the recipient share a WEP key for authentication. For
Open System authentication, the sender and the recipient do not share a WEP key for authentication. If you
are not sure which authentication method to select, keep the default, Auto.
Click the Next button to continue, or click the Back button to return to the previous screen.
WPA Personal
WPA Personal offers two encryption methods, TKIP and AES, with dynamic encryption keys. Select TKIP or
AES for encryption. Then enter a Pre-shared Key that is 8-63 characters in length.
Encryption - Select the type of algorithm you want to use, TKIP or AES, from the Encryption drop-down menu.
Figure 4-14: Wireless Security - WPA Personal
Pre-shared Key - Enter a Pre-shared Key of 8-63 characters in the Pre-shared Key field.
Click the Next button to continue or the Back button to return to the previous screen.
WPA2 Personal
Enter a Pre-shared Key that is 8-63 characters in length.
Pre-shared Key - Enter a Pre-shared Key of 8-63 characters in the Pre-shared Key field.
Click the Next button to continue or the Back button to return to the previous screen.
Figure 4-15: Wireless Security - WPA2 Personal
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Setting up the Adapter
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RADIUS
RADIUS features use of a RADIUS server. (This should only be used when a RADIUS server is connected to the
Router.) RADIUS offers two authentication types: EAP-TLS and PEAP.
Authentication - Select the authentication method your network is using, EAP-TLS or PEAP.
EAP-TLS
If you selected EAP-TLS, enter the login name of your wireless network in the Login Name field. Enter the
name of the authentication server in the Server Name field (this is optional). From the Certificate drop-down
menu, select the certificate you have installed to authenticate you on your wireless network.
Click the Next button to continue or the Back button to return to the previous screen.
Figure 4-16: Wireless Security - RADIUS - EAP-TLS
PEAP
If you selected PEAP, enter the login name of your wireless network in the Login Name field. Enter the
password of your wireless network in the Password field. Enter the name of the authentication server in the
Server Name field (this is optional). From the Certificate drop-down menu, select the certificate you have
installed to authenticate you on your wireless network; if you want to use any certificate, keep the default
setting, Trust Any. Then select the authentication method used inside the PEAP tunnel.
Click the Next button to continue or the Back button to return to the previous screen.
Figure 4-17: Wireless Security - RADIUS - PEAP
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Setting up the Adapter
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4. The Confirm New Settings screen will appear next and show the new settings. To save the new settings, click
the Save button. To edit the new settings, click the Back button. To exit the Advanced Setup through the
Wireless Network Monitor, click Exit.
Figure 4-18: Confirm New Settings
5. The Congratulations screen will appear next. Click Connect to Network to implement the new settings and
return to the Link Information screen. Click Return to Profiles screen to return to the Profiles screen.
Congratulations! Your advanced setup through the Wireless Network Monitor is complete.
To check the link information, search for available wireless networks, or make additional configuration changes,
proceed to Chapter 5: Using the Wireless Network Monitor.
Figure 4-19: Congratulations screen
Chapter 4: Setting up and Connecting the Wireless-N Notebook Adapter
Setting up the Adapter
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Chapter 5: Using the Wireless Network Monitor
Use the Wireless Network Monitor to check the link information, search for available wireless networks, or create
profiles that hold different configuration settings.
Accessing the Wireless Network Monitor
After installing the Adapter, the Wireless Network Monitor icon will appear in the system tray of your computer. If
the Wireless Network Monitor is enabled, then the icon will be green. If the Wireless Network Monitor is disabled
or the Adapter is not connected, then the icon will be gray.
Figure 5-1: Wireless Network Monitor
Using the Wireless Network Monitor
Icon
The opening screen of the Wireless Network Monitor is the Link Information screen. From this screen, you can
find out how strong the current wireless signal is and how good the connection’s quality is. You can also click the
More Information button to view additional status information about the current wireless connection. To search
for available wireless networks, click the Connect tab. To perform configuration changes or create connection
profiles, click the Profiles tab.
Link Information
The Link Information screen displays network mode, signal strength, and link quality information about the
current connection. It also provides a button to click for additional status information.
Ad-Hoc Mode or Infrastructure Mode - The screen indicates whether the Adapter is currently working in ad-hoc or
infrastructure mode.
Signal Strength - The Signal Strength bar indicates signal strength.
Link Quality - The Link Quality bar indicates the quality of the wireless network connection.
Click the More Information button to view additional information about the wireless network connection on the
Wireless Network Status screen.
Figure 5-2: Link Information
Chapter 5: Using the Wireless Network Monitor
Accessing the Wireless Network Monitor
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Wireless-N Notebook Adapter
Wireless Network Status
The Wireless Network Status screen provides information on your current network settings.
Radio Band - This shows the radio band used on the network.
Wireless Network Name- This is the unique name (SSID) of the wireless network.
Wireless Mode - The mode of the wireless network currently in use is displayed here.
Wide Channel - This displays the Wireless-N primary channel used with a 40 MHz radio band network.
Standard Channel - This displays the channel used by your wireless network.
Security - The status of the wireless security feature is displayed here.
Authentication - This is your wireless network’s authentication method.
IP Address - The IP Address of the Adapter is displayed here.
Figure 5-3: More Information - Wireless Network Status
Subnet Mask - The Subnet Mask of the Adapter is shown here.
Default Gateway - The Default Gateway address of the Adapter is displayed here.
DNS1 - This is the DNS address of the Adapter.
MAC Address- The MAC address of the wireless network’s access point or wireless router is shown here.
Signal Strength - The Signal Strength bar indicates the signal strength.
Link Quality - The Link Quality bar indicates the quality of the wireless network connection.
Click the Statistics button to go to the Wireless Network Statistics screen. Click the Back button to return to the
initial Link Information screen. Click the Save to Profile button to save the currently active connection settings to
a profile.
Chapter 5: Using the Wireless Network Monitor
Link Information
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Wireless Network Statistics
The Wireless Networks Statistics screen provides statistics on your current network settings.
Transmit Rate - This is the data transfer rate of the current connection. (In Auto mode, the Adapter dynamically
shifts to the fastest data transfer rate possible at any given time.)
Receive Rate - This is the rate at which data is received.
Packets Received - This shows the packets received by the Adapter, in real time, since connecting to the wireless
network or since the Refresh Statistics button was last pressed.
Packets Transmitted - This shows the packets transmitted from the Adapter, in real time, since connecting to the
wireless network or since the Refresh Statistics button was last pressed.
Bytes Received - This shows the bytes received by the Adapter, in real time, since connecting to the wireless
network or since the Refresh Statistics button was last pressed.
Figure 5-4: More Information - Network Statistics
Bytes Transmitted - This shows the bytes transmitted by the Adapter, in real time, since connecting to the
wireless network or since the Refresh Statistics button was last pressed.
Driver Version - This shows the version of the Adapter’s driver.
Noise Level - This shows the level of background noise affecting the wireless signal. A lower reading translates
into a higher quality signal.
Signal Strength - This is the intensity of the wireless signal received by the Adapter.
Transmit Power - This is the power output at which the Adapter is transmitting.
Up Time - This indicates the length of the most recent connection to a wireless network.
Total Up Time - This indicates the cumulative total of the Adapter’s connection time.
Signal Strength - The Signal Strength bar indicates the signal strength.
Link Quality - The Link Quality bar indicates the quality of the wireless network connection.
Click the Back button to return to the initial Link Information screen. Click the Status button to go to the Wireless
Network Status screen. Click the Save to Profile button to save the currently active connection settings to a
profile. Click the Refresh button to reset the statistics.
Figure 5-5: Connect
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Connect
The Connect screen displays a list of available networks in the table on the left. The table shows each network’s
Wireless Network Name, Channel, and the quality of the wireless signal the Adapter is receiving. You may click
Wireless Network Name, CH (Channel), or Signal, to sort by that field.
Wireless Network Name - The SSID or unique name of the wireless network is displayed here.
CH - This is the channel that the network uses.
Signal - This is the percentage of signal strength, from 0 to 100%.
Figure 5-6: WEP Key Needed for Connection
Site Information
For each network selected, the following settings are listed:
Wireless Mode - This is the mode of the wireless network currently in use.
Network Type- This is the network type used by your wireless network.
Radio Band - This is the radio band used by your wireless network.
Security - The status of the wireless security feature is displayed here.
MAC Address- The MAC address of the wireless network’s access point is displayed here.
Refresh - Click the Refresh button to perform a new search for wireless devices.
Figure 5-7: WPA Personal Needed for Connection
Connect - To connect to one of the networks on the list, select the wireless network, and click the Connect
button. If the network has encryption enabled, then you will see a new screen appear.
•
•
If the network has the wireless security WEP encryption enabled, then you will see the WEP Key Needed for
Connection screen. Select the appropriate level of WEP encryption, 64-bit or 128-bit). Then enter the
network’s Passphrase or WEP Key. Click the Connect button. To cancel the connection, click the Cancel
button.
If the network has the wireless security WPA Personal security enabled, then you will see the WPA Personal
Needed for Connection screen. Select the appropriate encryption type, TKIP or AES. Enter the network’s Pre-
shared Key in the Pre-shared Key field. Then click the Connect button. To cancel the connection, click the
Cancel button.
Figure 5-8: WPA2 Personal Needed for Connection
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•
If the network has WPA2 Personal wireless security enabled, then you will see the WPA2 Personal Needed for
Connection screen. Enter the network’s Pre-shared Key in the Pre-shared Key field. To connect to the
network, click Connect. To cancel the connection, click Cancel.
Profiles
The Profiles screen lets you save different configuration profiles for different network setups. The table on the left
displays a list of available profiles with their profile names and Wireless Network Names.
Profile - The name of the profile is displayed here.
Wireless Network Name - The SSID or unique name of the wireless network is displayed here.
Profile Information
For each profile selected, the following are listed:
Figure 5-9: Profiles
Wireless Mode - This is the mode of the wireless network currently in use.
Wide Channel - This displays the Wireless-N primary channel used with a 40 MHz radio band network.
Standard Channel - This displays the channel used by your wireless network.
Security - The status of the wireless security feature is displayed here.
Authentication - The authentication setting for the network is shown here.
Connect - To connect to a wireless network using a specific profile, select the profile, and click Connect.
New - Click the New button to create a new profile. See the next section, “Creating a New Profile,” for detailed
instructions.
Edit - Select the profile you want to change, and then click the Edit button.
Import - Click the Import button to import a profile that has been saved in another location. Select the
appropriate file, and click the Open button.
NOTE: If you want to export more than one profile,
you have to export them one at a time.
Export - Select the profile you want to save in a different location, and click the Export button. Direct Windows
to the appropriate folder, and click the Save button.
Delete - Select the profile you want to delete, and then click the Delete button.
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Create a New Profile
The next screen to appear will be the Available Wireless Networks screen.
This screen provides two options for setting up the Adapter.
•
•
Available Wireless Networks. (For most users.) Use this option if you already have a network set up. The
networks available to this Adapter will be listed on this screen. You can choose one of these networks and
click the Connect button to connect to it. Click the Refresh button to update the Available Wireless Networks
list.
Advanced Setup. If your network is not listed on this screen, select Advanced Setup to set up the adapter
manually. This method of setting up the Adapter is intended for Advanced Users only.
The setup for each option is described, step by step, under the appropriate heading on the following pages.
Figure 5-10: Creating a Profile
Click Exit to close the Setup Wizard, if you wish to set up the Adapter later.
Available Wireless Networks
The available networks are listed in the table on the center of the screen by Wireless Network Name. Select the
wireless network you wish to connect to and click the Connect button. (If you do not see your network listed, you
can click the Refresh button to bring the list up again.) If the network utilizes wireless security, you will need to
configure security on the Adapter. If not, you will be taken directly to the Congratulations screen.
1. If you have wireless security enabled on your network, continue to step 2. If you don’t have wireless security
enabled, continue to step 3.
2. If your network has WEP, WPA Personal, or WPA2 Personal wireless security enabled, then that security
screen will appear. Continue to the screen for your wireless security.
•
WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy)
If you have WEP enabled, this screen will appear. Select 64-bit or 128-bit. Then enter a passphrase or
WEP key.
Figure 5-11: WEP Key Needed for Connection
Passphrase - Enter a passphrase in the Passphrase field, so a WEP key is automatically generated. The
passphrase is case-sensitive and should not be longer than 16 alphanumeric characters. It must match
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the passphrase of your other wireless network devices and is compatible with Linksys wireless products
only. (If you have any non-Linksys wireless products, enter the WEP key manually on those products.)
WEP Key - The WEP key you enter must match the WEP key of your wireless network. For 64-bit
encryption, enter exactly 10 hexadecimal characters. For 128-bit encryption, enter exactly 26
hexadecimal characters. Valid hexadecimal characters are “0” to “9” and “A” to “F”.
Then click Connect and proceed to Step 3.
•
WPA Personal (Wi-Fi Protected Access)
Figure 5-12: WPA Personal Needed for Connection
If your network has the wireless security WPA Personal enabled, this screen will appear.
Encryption - Select the type of algorithm you want to use, TKIP or AES, from the Encryption drop-down
menu.
Pre-shared Key - Enter a Pre-shared Key of 8-63 characters in the Pre-shared Key field.
Then click Connect and proceed to Step 3.
•
WPA2 Personal (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2)
If your network has the wireless security WPA2 Personal enabled, this screen will appear.
Pre-shared Key - Enter a Pre-shared Key of 8-63 characters in the Pre-shared Key field.
Then click Connect and proceed to Step 3.
Figure 5-13: WPA2 Personal Needed for Connection
3. After the software has been successfully installed, the Congratulations screen will appear. Click Finish to
return to the Link Information screen.
Congratulations! The profile has been successfully configured.
Figure 5-14: Congratulations
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Advanced Setup
If your network is not listed with the available networks, you can use Advanced Setup.
1. Click Advanced Setup on the Available Wireless Networks screen to set up the adapter manually.
Figure 5-15: Available Wireless Networks
2. The Network Settings screen from the Wireless Network Monitor will appear. If your network has a router or
other DHCP server, click the radio button next to Obtain network settings automatically (DHCP).
If your network does not have a DHCP server or router, click the radio button next to Specify network settings.
Enter an IP Address, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway, and DNS addresses appropriate for your network. You
must specify the IP Address and Subnet Mask on this screen. If you are unsure about the Default Gateway and
DNS addresses, leave these fields empty.
IP Address - This IP Address must be unique to your network.
Subnet Mask - The Adapter’s Subnet Mask must be the same as your wired network’s Subnet Mask.
Default Gateway - Enter the IP address of your network’s Gateway here.
DNS 1 and DNS 2 - Enter the DNS address of your wired Ethernet network here.
Click the Next button to continue, or click the Back button to return to the previous screen.
Figure 5-16: Network Settings
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3. The Wireless Mode screen shows a choice of two wireless modes. Click the Infrastructure Mode radio
button if you want to connect to a wireless router or access point. Click the Ad-Hoc Mode radio button if you
want to connect to another wireless device directly without using a wireless router or access point. Enter the
Wireless Network Name for your network.
Infrastructure Mode - Use this mode if you want to connect to a wireless router or access point.
Ad-Hoc Mode - Use this mode if you want to connect to another wireless device directly without using a
wireless router or access point.
Wireless Network Name - This is the wireless network name (SSID) that must be used for all the devices in
your wireless network. It is case- sensitive and should be a unique name to help prevent others from entering
your network.
Click the Next button to continue, or click the Back button to return to the previous screen.
Figure 5-17: Wireless Mode
4. If you chose Infrastructure Mode, go to Step 5 now. If you chose Ad-Hoc Mode, the Ad-Hoc Mode Settings
screen will appear.
Network Mode - Select the Network Mode in which your wireless network will operate. In Mixed mode,
Wireless-N, Wireless-B and Wireless-G devices can operate on the same network. In Wireless-G Only mode,
no Wireless-B devices can operate in the network.
Standard Channel - Select the correct channel for your wireless network. The channel you choose should
match the channel set on the other devices in your wireless network. If you are unsure about which channel
to use, keep the default setting Auto.
Click the Next button. Click the Back button to change any settings.
Figure 5-18: Ad-Hoc Mode Settings
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5. If your wireless network doesn’t have wireless security, select Disabled and then click the Next button to
continue. Proceed to Step 6.
If your wireless network has wireless security, select the method of security used: WEP, WPA Personal, WPA2
Personal, or RADIUS. WEP stands for Wired Equivalent Privacy, and WPA stands for Wi-Fi Protected Access.
WPA2 stands for Wi-Fi Protected Access 2. WPA is a stronger security method than WEP. WPA2 is a stronger
security method than WPA. RADIUS stands for Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service. Click the Next
button to continue or the Back button to return to the previous screen.
Proceed to the appropriate section for your security method: WEP, WPA Personal, WPA2 Personal, or RADIUS.
WEP
WEP - Select 64-bit or 128-bit encryption
Passphrase - Enter a passphrase in the Passphrase field, so a WEP key is automatically generated. It is case-
sensitive and should not be longer than 16 alphanumeric characters. This passphrase must match the
passphrase of your other wireless network devices and is compatible with Linksys wireless products only. (If
you have any non-Linksys wireless products, enter the WEP key manually on those products.)
WEP Key - The WEP key you enter must match the WEP key of your wireless network. For 64-bit encryption,
enter exactly 10 hexadecimal characters. For 128-bit encryption, enter exactly 26 hexadecimal characters.
Valid hexadecimal characters are “0” to “9” and “A” to “F”.
Advanced Users
TX Key - The default transmit key number is 1. If your network’s access point or wireless router uses transmit
key number 2, 3, or 4, select the appropriate number from the TX Key drop-down box.
Figure 5-19: Wireless Security - WEP
Authentication -The default is set to Auto, so it will auto-detect for Shared Key or Open System
authentication. For Shared Key authentication, both the sender and the recipient share a WEP key for
authentication. For Open System authentication, the sender and the recipient do not share a WEP key for
authentication. If you are not sure which authentication method to select, keep the default, Auto.
wep (wired equivalent privacy): a method of encrypting network
data transmitted on a wireless network for greater security.
Click the Next button to continue, or click the Back button to return to the previous screen.
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WPA Personal
WPA Personal offers two encryption methods, TKIP and AES, with dynamic encryption keys. Select TKIP or
AES for encryption. Then enter a Pre-shared Key that is 8-63 characters in length.
Encryption - Select the type of algorithm you want to use, TKIP or AES, from the Encryption drop-down menu.
Pre-shared Key - Enter a Pre-shared Key of 8-63 characters in the Pre-shared Key field.
Click the Next button to continue or the Back button to return to the previous screen.
Figure 5-20: Wireless Security - WPA Personal
wpa (wi-fi protected access: a wireless security protocol
using TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol) encryption,
which can be used in conjunction with a RADIUS server.
WPA2 Personal
Enter a Pre-shared Key that is 8-63 characters in length.
Pre-shared Key - Enter a Pre-shared Key of 8-63 characters in the Pre-shared Key field.
Click the Next button to continue or the Back button to return to the previous screen.
Figure 5-21: Wireless Security - WPA2 Personal
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RADIUS
RADIUS features use of a RADIUS server. (This should only be used when a RADIUS server is connected to the
Router.) RADIUS offers two authentication types: EAP-TLS and PEAP.
Authentication - Select the authentication method your network is using, EAP-TLS or PEAP.
EAP-TLS
If you selected EAP-TLS, enter the login name of your wireless network in the Login Name field. Enter the
name of the authentication server in the Server Name field (this is optional). From the Certificate drop-down
menu, select the certificate you have installed to authenticate you on your wireless network.
Click the Next button to continue or the Back button to return to the previous screen.
Figure 5-22: Wireless Security - RADIUS - EAP-TLS
PEAP
If you selected PEAP, enter the login name of your wireless network in the Login Name field. Enter the
password of your wireless network in the Password field. Enter the name of the authentication server in the
Server Name field (this is optional). From the Certificate drop-down menu, select the certificate you have
installed to authenticate you on your wireless network; if you want to use any certificate, keep the default
setting, Trust Any. Then select the authentication method used inside the PEAP tunnel.
Click the Next button to continue or the Back button to return to the previous screen.
Figure 5-23: Wireless Security - RADIUS - PEAP
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6. The Confirm New Settings screen will appear next and show the new settings. To save the new settings, click
the Save button. To edit the new settings, click the Back button. To exit the Advanced Setup through the
Wireless Network Monitor, click Exit.
Figure 5-24: Confirm New Settings
7. The Congratulations screen will appear next. Click Connect to Network to implement the new settings
immediately and return to the Link Information screen. Click Return to Profiles Screen to keep the current
settings active and return to the Profiles screen.
Congratulations! The profile has been successfully configured.
Figure 5-25: Congratulations
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Appendix A: Troubleshooting
This appendix consists of two parts: “Common Problems and Solutions” and “Frequently Asked Questions.” This
appendix provides solutions to problems that may occur during the installation and operation of the Wireless-N
Notebook Adapter. Read the description below to solve your problems. If you can't find an answer here, check the
Common Problems and Solutions
1. My computer does not recognize the Wireless-N Notebook Adapter.
Make sure that the Wireless-N Notebook Adapter is properly inserted into the PC Card slot.
2. The Wireless-N Notebook Adapter does not work properly.
Reinsert the Wireless-N Notebook Adapter into the notebook’s PC Card slot.
3. I cannot communicate with the other computers linked via Ethernet in the Infrastructure
configuration.
Make sure that the notebook or desktop is powered on.
Make sure that the Wireless-N Notebook Adapter is configured with the same Wireless Network Name (SSID)
and WEP settings as the other computers in the Infrastructure configuration.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I run an application from a remote computer over the wireless network?
This will depend on whether or not the application is designed to be used over a network. Consult the
application’s user guide to determine if it supports operation over a network.
Can I play computer games with other members of the wireless network?
Yes, as long as the game supports multiple players over a LAN (local area network). Refer to the game’s user
guide for more information.
What is the 802.11b standard?
It is one of the standards for wireless networks. The 802.11b standard allows wireless networking hardware from
different manufacturers to communicate, provided that the hardware complies with the 802.11b standard. The
802.11b standard states a maximum data transfer rate of 11Mbps and an operating frequency of 2.4GHz.
Appendix A: Troubleshooting
Common Problems and Solutions
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What is the IEEE 802.11g standard?
It is one of the IEEE standards for wireless networks. The 802.11g standard allows wireless networking hardware
from different manufacturers to communicate, provided that the hardware complies with the 802.11g standard.
The 802.11g standard states a maximum data transfer rate of 54Mbps and an operating frequency of 2.4GHz.
What 802.11b features are supported?
The product supports the following 802.11b functions:
•
•
•
•
•
•
CSMA/CA plus Acknowledge protocol
Multi-Channel Roaming
Automatic Rate Selection
RTS/CTS feature
Fragmentation
Power Management
What IEEE 802.11g features are supported?
The product supports the following IEEE 802.11g functions:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
CSMA/CA plus Acknowledge protocol
OFDM protocol
Multi-Channel Roaming
Automatic Rate Selection
RTS/CTS feature
Fragmentation
Power Management
What is ad-hoc mode?
When a wireless network is set to ad-hoc mode, the wireless-equipped computers are configured to
communicate directly with each other. This type of network will not communicate with any wired network.
What is infrastructure mode?
When a wireless network is set to infrastructure mode, the wireless network is configured to communicate with a
wired network through a wireless access point.
What is roaming?
Roaming is the ability of a portable computer user to communicate continuously while moving freely throughout
an area greater than that covered by a single access point. Before using the roaming function, the workstation
must make sure that it is the same channel number with the access point of dedicated coverage area.
To achieve true seamless connectivity, the wireless LAN must incorporate a number of different functions. Each
node and access point, for example, must always acknowledge receipt of each message. Each node must
maintain contact with the wireless network even when not actually transmitting data. Achieving these functions
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Frequently Asked Questions
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simultaneously requires a dynamic RF networking technology that links access points and nodes. In such a
system, the user’s end node undertakes a search for the best possible access to the system. First, it evaluates
such factors as signal strength and quality, as well as the message load currently being carried by each access
point and the distance of each access point to the wired backbone. Based on that information, the node next
selects the right access point and registers its address. Communications between end node and host computer
can then be transmitted up and down the backbone.
As the user moves on, the end node’s RF transmitter regularly checks the system to determine whether it is in
touch with the original access point or whether it should seek a new one. When a node no longer receives
acknowledgment from its original access point, it undertakes a new search. Upon finding a new access point, it
then re-registers, and the communication process continues.
What is ISM band?
The FCC and their counterparts outside of the U.S. have set aside bandwidth for unlicensed use in the ISM
(Industrial, Scientific and Medical) band. Spectrum in the vicinity of 2.4 GHz, in particular, is being made available
worldwide. This presents a truly revolutionary opportunity to place convenient high-speed wireless capabilities in
the hands of users around the globe.
What is Spread Spectrum?
Spread Spectrum technology is a wideband radio frequency technique developed by the military for use in
reliable, secure, mission-critical communications systems. It is designed to trade off bandwidth efficiency for
reliability, integrity, and security. In other words, more bandwidth is consumed than in the case of narrowband
transmission, but the trade-off produces a signal that is, in effect, louder and thus easier to detect, provided that
the receiver knows the parameters of the spread-spectrum signal being broadcast. If a receiver is not tuned to
the right frequency, a spread-spectrum signal looks like background noise. There are two main alternatives,
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) and Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS).
What is DSSS? What is FHSS? And what are their differences?
Frequency-Hopping Spread-Spectrum (FHSS) uses a narrowband carrier that changes frequency in a pattern that
is known to both transmitter and receiver. Properly synchronized, the net effect is to maintain a single logical
channel. To an unintended receiver, FHSS appears to be short-duration impulse noise. Direct-Sequence Spread-
Spectrum (DSSS) generates a redundant bit pattern for each bit to be transmitted. This bit pattern is called a chip
(or chipping code). The longer the chip, the greater the probability that the original data can be recovered. Even if
one or more bits in the chip are damaged during transmission, statistical techniques embedded in the radio can
recover the original data without the need for retransmission. To an unintended receiver, DSSS appears as low
power wideband noise and is rejected (ignored) by most narrowband receivers.
What is WEP?
WEP is Wired Equivalent Privacy, a data privacy mechanism based on a shared key algorithm, as described in the
802.11 standard.
Appendix A: Troubleshooting
Frequently Asked Questions
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What is WPA?
WPA is Wi-Fi Protected Access, a wireless security protocol that can be used in conjunction with a RADIUS server.
What is RADIUS?
RADIUS is Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service, which uses an authentication server to control network
access.
Appendix A: Troubleshooting
Frequently Asked Questions
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Appendix B: Windows XP Wireless Zero Configuration
Windows XP Wireless Zero Configuration
If your computer is running Windows XP, then this choice will be available. If you want to use Windows XP
Wireless Zero Configuration to control the Adapter, instead of using the Wireless Network Monitor, then right-
click on the Wireless Network Monitor and select Use Windows XP Wireless Configuration.
Figure B-1: Wireless Network Monitor Icon
If you want to switch back to the Wireless Network Monitor, right-click the Wireless Network Monitor icon, and
select Use Linksys Wireless Network Monitor.
Figure B-2: Windows XP - Use Windows XP
Wireless Configuration
1. After installing the Adapter, the Windows XP Wireless Zero Configuration icon will appear in your computer’s
system tray. Double-click the icon.
NOTE: For more information about Wireless Zero Configuration, refer
to Windows Help.
Figure B-3: Windows XP Wireless Zero Configuration Icon
Appendix B:
Windows XP Wireless Zero Configuration
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2. The screen that appears will show any available wireless network. Select the network you want. Click the
Connect button.
NOTE: Steps 2 and 3 are the instructions and
screenshots for Windows XP with Service Pack 2
installed.
If your network does not have wireless security enabled, go to step 3.
If your network does have wireless security enabled, go to step 4.
Figure B-4: Available Wireless Network
3. If your network does not have wireless security enabled, click the Connect Anyway button to connect the
Adapter to your network.
Figure B-5: No Wireless Security
Appendix B:
Windows XP Wireless Zero Configuration
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4. If your network uses wireless security WEP, enter the WEP Key used into the Network Key and Confirm
network key fields. If your network uses wireless security WPA Personal, enter the Passphrase used into
the Network Key and Confirm network key fields. Click the Connect button.
Figure B-6: Network Connection - Wireless Security
NOTE: Windows XP Wireless Zero Configuration does
not support the use of a passphrase. Enter the exact
WEP key used by your access point.
5. Your wireless network will appear as Connected when your connection is active.
For more information about wireless networking on a Windows XP computer, click the Start button, select Help,
and choose Support. Enter the keyword wireless in the field provided, and press the Enter key.
The installation of the Windows XP Wireless Configuration is complete.
Figure B-7: Wireless Network Connection
Appendix B:
Windows XP Wireless Zero Configuration
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Appendix C: Wireless Security
Linksys wants to make wireless networking as safe and easy for you as possible. The current generation of
Linksys products provide several network security features, but they require specific action on your part for
implementation. So, keep the following in mind whenever you are setting up or using your wireless network.
Security Precautions
The following is a complete list of security precautions to take (at least steps 1 through 5 should be followed):
1. Change the default Wireless Network Name (SSID).
2. Disable SSID Broadcast.
3. Change the default password for the Administrator account.
4. Enable MAC Address Filtering.
Note: Some of these security features are
available only through the network router or
access point. Refer to the router or access
point’s documentation for more information.
5. Change the SSID periodically.
6. Use the highest encryption algorithm possible. Use WPA if it is available. Please note that this may reduce
your network performance.
7. Change the WEP encryption keys periodically.
Security Threats Facing Wireless Networks
Wireless networks are easy to find. Hackers know that in order to join a wireless network, wireless networking
products first listen for “beacon messages”. These messages can be easily decrypted and contain much of the
network’s information, such as the network’s SSID (Service Set Identifier). Here are the steps you can take:
Change the administrator’s password regularly. With every wireless networking device you use, keep in mind that
network settings (SSID, WEP keys, etc.) are stored in its firmware. Your network administrator is the only person
who can change network settings. If a hacker gets a hold of the administrator’s password, he, too, can change
those settings. So, make it harder for a hacker to get that information. Change the administrator’s password
regularly.
SSID. There are several things to keep in mind about the SSID:
Appendix C: Wireless Security
Security Precautions
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1. Disable Broadcast
2. Make it unique
3. Change it often
Most wireless networking devices will give you the option of broadcasting the SSID. While this option may be
more convenient, it allows anyone to log into your wireless network. This includes hackers. So, don’t broadcast
the SSID.
Wireless networking products come with a default SSID set by the factory. (The Linksys default SSID is “linksys”.)
Hackers know these defaults and can check these against your network. Change your SSID to something unique
and not something related to your company or the networking products you use.
Change your SSID regularly so that any hackers who have gained access to your wireless network will have to
start from the beginning in trying to break in.
MAC Addresses. Enable MAC Address filtering. MAC Address filtering will allow you to provide access to only
those wireless nodes with certain MAC Addresses. This makes it harder for a hacker to access your network with
a random MAC Address.
WEP Encryption. Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) is often looked upon as a cure-all for wireless security concerns.
This is overstating WEP’s ability. Again, this can only provide enough security to make a hacker’s job more
difficult.
There are several ways that WEP can be maximized:
1. Use the highest level of encryption possible
2. Use “Shared Key” authentication
Important: Always remember that each
device in your wireless network MUST use
the same encryption method and encryption
key or your wireless network will not function
properly.
3. Change your WEP key regularly
WPA. Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is the newest and best available standard in Wi-Fi security. Two modes are
available: WPA Personal and Radius. WPA Personal gives you a choice of two encryption methods: TKIP (Temporal
Key Integrity Protocol), which utilizes a stronger encryption method and incorporates Message Integrity Code
(MIC) to provide protection against hackers, and AES (Advanced Encryption System), which utilizes a symmetric
128-Bit block data encryption. RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) utilizes a RADIUS server for
authentication.
Appendix C: Wireless Security
Security Threats Facing Wireless Networks
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WPA Personal. If you do not have a RADIUS server, Select the type of algorithm, TKIP or AES, and enter a
password in the Passphrase field of 8-63 characters.
RADIUS. WEP used in coordination with a RADIUS server. (This should only be used when a RADIUS server is
connected to the Router or other device.)
Implementing encryption may have a negative impact on your network’s performance, but if you are transmitting
sensitive data over your network, encryption should be used.
These security recommendations should help keep your mind at ease while you are enjoying the most flexible
and convenient technology Linksys has to offer.
Appendix C: Wireless Security
Security Threats Facing Wireless Networks
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Appendix D: Windows Help
All wireless products require Microsoft Windows. Windows is the most used operating system in the world and
comes with many features that help make networking easier. These features can be accessed through Windows
Help and are described in this appendix.
TCP/IP
Before a computer can communicate with an access point or wireless router, TCP/IP must be enabled. TCP/IP is a
set of instructions, or protocol, all PCs follow to communicate over a network. This is true for wireless networks
as well. Your PCs will not be able to utilize wireless networking without having TCP/IP enabled. Windows Help
provides complete instructions on enabling TCP/IP.
Shared Resources
If you wish to share printers, folder, or files over your network, Windows Help provides complete instructions on
utilizing shared resources.
Network Neighborhood/My Network Places
Other PCs on your network will appear under Network Neighborhood or My Network Places (depending upon the
version of Windows you're running). Windows Help provides complete instructions on adding PCs to your
network.
Appendix D: Windows Help
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Appendix E: Glossary
This glossary contains some basic networking terms you may come across when using this product. For more
Access Point - A device that allows wireless-equipped computers and other devices to communicate with a wired
network. Also used to expand the range of a wireless network.
Ad-hoc - A group of wireless devices communicating directly with each other (peer-to-peer) without the use of an
access point.
AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) - A security method that uses symmetric 128-bit block data encryption.
Bandwidth - The transmission capacity of a given device or network.
Bit - A binary digit.
Boot - To start a device and cause it to start executing instructions.
Broadband - An always-on, fast Internet connection.
Browser - An application program that provides a way to look at and interact with all the information on the World
Wide Web.
Byte - A unit of data that is usually eight bits long
Cable Modem - A device that connects a computer to the cable television network, which in turn connects to the
Internet.
Daisy Chain - A method used to connect devices in a series, one after the other.
DDNS (Dynamic Domain Name System) - Allows the hosting of a website, FTP server, or e-mail server with a fixed
Default Gateway - A device that forwards Internet traffic from your local area network.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) - A networking protocol that allows administrators to assign
temporary IP addresses to network computers by "leasing" an IP address to a user for a limited amount of time,
instead of assigning permanent IP addresses.
Appendix E: Glossary
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DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) - Removes the Router's firewall protection from one PC, allowing it to be "seen" from
the Internet.
DNS (Domain Name Server) - The IP address of your ISP's server, which translates the names of websites into IP
addresses.
Domain - A specific name for a network of computers.
Download - To receive a file transmitted over a network.
DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) - An always-on broadband connection over traditional phone lines.
Dynamic IP Address - A temporary IP address assigned by a DHCP server.
EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) - A general authentication protocol used to control network access.
Many specific authentication methods work within this framework.
Encryption - Encoding data transmitted in a network.
Ethernet - IEEE standard network protocol that specifies how data is placed on and retrieved from a common
transmission medium.
Firewall - A set of related programs located at a network gateway server that protects the resources of a network
from users from other networks.
Firmware - The programming code that runs a networking device.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) - A protocol used to transfer files over a TCP/IP network.
Full Duplex - The ability of a networking device to receive and transmit data simultaneously.
Gateway - A device that interconnects networks with different, incompatible communications protocols.
Half Duplex - Data transmission that can occur in two directions over a single line, but only one direction at a
time.
HTTP (HyperText Transport Protocol) - The communications protocol used to connect to servers on the World Wide
Web.
Infrastructure - A wireless network that is bridged to a wired network via an access point.
IP (Internet Protocol) - A protocol used to send data over a network.
Appendix E: Glossary
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IP Address - The address used to identify a computer or device on a network.
IPCONFIG - A Windows 2000 and XP utility that displays the IP address for a particular networking device.
IPSec (Internet Protocol Security) - A VPN protocol used to implement secure exchange of packets at the IP layer.
ISP (Internet Service Provider) - A company that provides access to the Internet.
LAN - The computers and networking products that make up your local network.
MAC (Media Access Control) Address - The unique address that a manufacturer assigns to each networking
device.
Mbps (MegaBits Per Second) - One million bits per second; a unit of measurement for data transmission.
NAT (Network Address Translation) - NAT technology translates IP addresses of a local area network to a different
IP address for the Internet.
Network - A series of computers or devices connected for the purpose of data sharing, storage, and/or
transmission between users.
Packet - A unit of data sent over a network.
Passphrase - Used much like a password, a passphrase simplifies the WEP encryption process by automatically
generating the WEP encryption keys for Linksys products.
Ping (Packet INternet Groper) - An Internet utility used to determine whether a particular IP address is online.
POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3) - A standard mail server commonly used on the Internet.
Port - The connection point on a computer or networking device used for plugging in cables or adapters.
Power over Ethernet (PoE) - A technology enabling an Ethernet network cable to deliver both data and power.
PPPoE (Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet) - A type of broadband connection that provides authentication
(username and password) in addition to data transport.
PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) - A VPN protocol that allows the Point to Point Protocol (PPP) to be
tunneled through an IP network. This protocol is also used as a type of broadband connection in Europe.
RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) - A protocol that uses an authentication server to control
network access.
Appendix E: Glossary
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RJ-45 (Registered Jack-45) - An Ethernet connector that holds up to eight wires.
Roaming - The ability to take a wireless device from one access point's range to another without losing the
connection.
Router - A networking device that connects multiple networks together.
Server - Any computer whose function in a network is to provide user access to files, printing, communications,
and other services.
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) - The standard e-mail protocol on the Internet.
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) - A widely used network monitoring and control protocol.
SPI (Stateful Packet Inspection) Firewall - A technology that inspects incoming packets of information before
allowing them to enter the network.
SSID (Service Set IDentifier) - Your wireless network's name.
Static IP Address - A fixed address assigned to a computer or device that is connected to a network.
Static Routing - Forwarding data in a network via a fixed path.
Subnet Mask - An address code that determines the size of the network.
Switch - 1. A data switch that connects computing devices to host computers, allowing a large number of devices
to share a limited number of ports. 2. A device for making, breaking, or changing the connections in an electrical
circuit.
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) - A network protocol for transmitting data that requires acknowledgement
from the recipient of data sent.
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) - A set of instructions PCs use to communicate over a
network.
Telnet - A user command and TCP/IP protocol used for accessing remote PCs.
TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) - A version of the TCP/IP FTP protocol that has no directory or password
capability.
Throughput - The amount of data moved successfully from one node to another in a given time period.
Appendix E: Glossary
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TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol) - a wireless encryption protocol that provides dynamic encryption keys for
each packet transmitted.
Topology - The physical layout of a network.
TX Rate - Transmission Rate.
Upgrade - To replace existing software or firmware with a newer version.
Upload - To transmit a file over a network.
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) - The address of a file located on the Internet.
VPN (Virtual Private Network) - A security measure to protect data as it leaves one network and goes to another
over the Internet.
WAN (Wide Area Network)- The Internet.
WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) - A method of encrypting network data transmitted on a wireless network for
greater security.
WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) - A group of computers and associated devices that communicate with each
other wirelessly.
WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) - a wireless security protocol using TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol)
encryption, which can be used in conjunction with a RADIUS server.
Appendix E: Glossary
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Wireless-N Notebook Adapter
Appendix F: Specifications
Standards
IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.11b, draft IEEE 801.11n
Channels
11 Channels (most of North, South, and Central America)
13 Channels (most of Europe and Asia)
LEDs
Power, Link/Act
Protocols
802.11b: CCK, QPSK, BPSK
802.11g: OFDM
Wireless-N: BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM
Transmitted Power
Receive Sensitivity
802.11g: 14 1dBm (Typical)
Wireless-N: 10 1dBm (Typical)
54Mbps @ -70dBm (Typical)
Wireless-N @ -70dBm (Typical)
Power Consumption TX: <700mA (Maximum)
RX: <540mA (Maximum)
Security Features
Dimensions
WEP, WPA and WPA2 Encryption Security
124 mm x 9 mm x 54 mm
0.05 kg
Unit Weight
Power
3.3 V
Operating Temp.
Storage Temp.
0ºC to 55ºC
-25ºC to 85ºC
Appendix F: Specifications
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Operating Humidity
Storage Humidity
10% to 85% Non-Condensing
5% to 90% Non-Condensing
Appendix F: Specifications
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Wireless-N Notebook Adapter
Appendix G: Warranty Information
Linksys warrants to You that, for a period of three years (the “Warranty Period”), your Linksys Product will be substantially
free of defects in materials and workmanship under normal use. Your exclusive remedy and Linksys' entire liability under
this warranty will be for Linksys at its option to repair or replace the Product or refund Your purchase price less any rebates.
This limited warranty extends only to the original purchaser.
If the Product proves defective during the Warranty Period call Linksys Technical Support in order to obtain a Return
Authorization Number, if applicable. BE SURE TO HAVE YOUR PROOF OF PURCHASE ON HAND WHEN CALLING. If You are
requested to return the Product, mark the Return Authorization Number clearly on the outside of the package and include a
copy of your original proof of purchase. RETURN REQUESTS CANNOT BE PROCESSED WITHOUT PROOF OF PURCHASE. You
are responsible for shipping defective Products to Linksys. Linksys pays for UPS Ground shipping from Linksys back to You
only. Customers located outside of the United States of America and Canada are responsible for all shipping and handling
charges.
ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES AND CONDITIONS OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE LIMITED
TO THE DURATION OF THE WARRANTY PERIOD. ALL OTHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED CONDITIONS, REPRESENTATIONS AND
WARRANTIES, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF NON-INFRINGEMENT, ARE DISCLAIMED. Some jurisdictions do not
allow limitations on how long an implied warranty lasts, so the above limitation may not apply to You. This warranty gives
You specific legal rights, and You may also have other rights which vary by jurisdiction.
This warranty does not apply if the Product (a) has been altered, except by Linksys, (b) has not been installed, operated,
repaired, or maintained in accordance with instructions supplied by Linksys, or (c) has been subjected to abnormal physical
or electrical stress, misuse, negligence, or accident. In addition, due to the continual development of new techniques for
intruding upon and attacking networks, Linksys does not warrant that the Product will be free of vulnerability to intrusion or
attack.
TO THE EXTENT NOT PROHIBITED BY LAW, IN NO EVENT WILL LINKSYS BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOST DATA, REVENUE OR PROFIT,
OR FOR SPECIAL, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, REGARDLESS OF THE THEORY OF
LIABILITY (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THE USE OF OR INABILITY TO USE THE PRODUCT
(INCLUDING ANY SOFTWARE), EVEN IF LINKSYS HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. IN NO EVENT
WILL LINKSYS’ LIABILITY EXCEED THE AMOUNT PAID BY YOU FOR THE PRODUCT. The foregoing limitations will apply even if
any warranty or remedy provided under this Agreement fails of its essential purpose. Some jurisdictions do not allow the
exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to You.
This Warranty is valid and may be processed only in the country of purchase.
Please direct all inquiries to: Linksys, P.O. Box 18558, Irvine, CA 92623.
46
Appendix G: Warranty Information
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Appendix H: Regulatory Information
FCC Statement
This product has been tested and complies with the specifications for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the
FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential
installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used
according to the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee
that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or
television reception, which is found by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the
interference by one or more of the following measures:
•
•
•
•
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna
Increase the separation between the equipment or devices
Connect the equipment to an outlet other than the receiver's
Consult a dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for assistance
FCC Radiation Exposure Statement
This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This equipment
should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between the radiator and your body.
Safety Notices
Caution: To reduce the risk of fire, use only No.26 AWG or larger telecommunication line cord.
Do not use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool.
Avoid using this product during an electrical storm. There may be a remote risk of electric shock from lightning.
Industry Canada (Canada)
This device complies with Industry Canada ICES-003 and RSS210 rules.
Cet appareil est conforme aux normes NMB003 et RSS210 d'Industrie Canada.
Appendix H: Regulatory Information
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Compliance Information for 2.4-GHz Wireless Products
Relevant to the EU and Other Countries Following the EU
Directive 1999/5/EC (R&TTE Directive)
Declaration of Conformity with Regard to the EU Directive
1999/5/EC (R&TTE Directive)
Appendix H: Regulatory Information
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Wireless-N Notebook Adapter
NOTE: For all products, the Declaration of Conformity is available through one or more of these options:
•
•
•
A pdf file is included on the product's CD.
A print copy is included with the product.
region. Then select your product.
If you need any other technical documentation, see the “Technical Documents on www.linksys.com/international”
section, as shown later in this appendix.
The following standards were applied during the assessment of the product against the requirements of the Directive
1999/5/EC:
•
•
•
Radio: EN 300 328
EMC: EN 301 489-1, EN 301 489-17
Safety: EN 60950 and either EN 50385 or EN 50371
CE Marking
For the Linksys Wireless-B and Wireless-G products, the following CE mark, notified body number (where applicable), and
class 2 identifier are added to the equipment.
or
or
Check the CE label on the product to find out which notified body was involved during the assessment.
National Restrictions
This product may be used in all EU countries (and other countries following the EU directive 1999/5/EC) without any
limitation except for the countries mentioned below:
Ce produit peut être utilisé dans tous les pays de l’UE (et dans tous les pays ayant transposés la directive 1999/5/CE) sans
aucune limitation, excepté pour les pays mentionnés ci-dessous:
Questo prodotto è utilizzabile in tutte i paesi EU (ed in tutti gli altri paesi che seguono le direttive EU 1999/5/EC) senza
nessuna limitazione, eccetto per i paesii menzionati di seguito:
Das Produkt kann in allen EU Staaten ohne Einschränkungen eingesetzt werden (sowie in anderen Staaten die der EU
Direktive 1999/5/CE folgen) mit Außnahme der folgenden aufgeführten Staaten:
Appendix H: Regulatory Information
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Belgium
The Belgian Institute for Postal Services and Telecommunications (BIPT) must be notified of any outdoor wireless link
Draadloze verbindingen voor buitengebruik en met een reikwijdte van meer dan 300 meter dienen aangemeld te worden
Les liaisons sans fil pour une utilisation en extérieur d’une distance supérieure à 300 mètres doivent être notifiées à
l’Institut Belge des services Postaux et des Télécommunications (IBPT). Visitez
France
In case the product is used outdoors, the output power is restricted in some parts of the band. See Table 1 or check
Dans la cas d’une utilisation en extérieur, la puissance de sortie est limitée pour certaines parties de la bande. Reportez-
Table 1: Applicable Power Levels in France
Location
Frequency Range (MHz)
Power (EIRP)
Indoor (No restrictions)
Outdoor
2400-2483.5
100 mW (20 dBm)
2400-2454
2454-2483.5
100 mW (20 dBm)
10 mW (10 dBm)
Italy
This product meets the National Radio Interface and the requirements specified in the National Frequency Allocation Table
for Italy. Unless operating within the boundaries of the owner’s property, the use of this 2.4 GHz Wireless LAN product
Questo prodotto è conforme alla specifiche di Interfaccia Radio Nazionali e rispetta il Piano Nazionale di ripartizione delle
frequenze in Italia. Se non viene installato all’interno del proprio fondo, l’utilizzo di prodotti Wireless LAN a 2.4 GHz richiede
Appendix H: Regulatory Information
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Product Usage Restrictions
This product is designed for indoor usage only. Outdoor usage is not recommended.
This product is designed for use with the standard, integral or dedicated (external) antenna(s) that is/are shipped together
with the equipment. However, some applications may require the antenna(s), if removable, to be separated from the
product and installed remotely from the device by using extension cables. For these applications, Linksys offers an R-SMA
extension cable (AC9SMA) and an R-TNC extension cable (AC9TNC). Both of these cables are 9 meters long and have a
cable loss (attenuation) of 5 dB. To compensate for the attenuation, Linksys also offers higher gain antennas, the HGA7S
(with R-SMA connector) and HGA7T (with R-TNC connector). These antennas have a gain of 7 dBi and may only be used
with either the R-SMA or R-TNC extension cable.
Combinations of extension cables and antennas resulting in a radiated power level exceeding 100 mW EIRP are illegal.
Power Output of Your Device
To comply with your country’s regulations, you may have to change the power output of your wireless device. Proceed to
the appropriate section for your device.
NOTE: The power output setting may not be available on all wireless products. For more information, refer to
Wireless Adapters
Wireless adapters have the power output set to 100% by default. Maximum power output on each adapter does not exceed
20 dBm (100 mW); it is generally 18 dBm (64 mW) or below. If you need to alter your wireless adapter’s power output,
follow the appropriate instructions for your computer’s Windows operating system:
Windows XP
1. Double-click the Wireless icon in your desktop’s system tray.
2. Open the Wireless Network Connection window.
3. Click the Properties button.
4. Select the General tab, and click the Configure button.
5. In the Properties window, click the Advanced tab.
6. Select Power Output.
7. From the pull-down menu on the right, select the wireless adapter’s power output percentage.
Appendix H: Regulatory Information
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Windows 2000
1. Open the Control Panel.
2. Double-click Network and Dial-Up Connections.
3. Select your current wireless connection, and select Properties.
4. From the Properties screen, click the Configure button.
5. Click the Advanced tab, and select Power Output.
6. From the pull-down menu on the right, select the wireless adapter’s power setting.
If your computer is running Windows Millennium or 98, then refer to Windows Help for instructions on how to access the
advanced settings of a network adapter.
Wireless Access Points, Routers, or Other Wireless Products
If you have a wireless access point, router or other wireless product, use its Web-based Utility to configure its power
output setting (refer to the product’s documentation for more information).
Follow these steps to access technical documents:
2. Select the country or region in which you live.
3. Click the Products tab.
4. Select the appropriate product category.
5. Select the product sub-category, if necessary.
6. Select the product.
7. Select the type of documentation you want from the More Information section. The document will open in PDF format if
you have Adobe Acrobat installed on your computer.
NOTE: If you have questions regarding the compliance of these products or you cannot find the information
Appendix H: Regulatory Information
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User Information for Consumer Products Covered by EU Directive 2002/96/EC on Waste Electric and Electronic
Equipment (WEEE)
This document contains important information for users with regards to the proper disposal and recycling of Linksys
products. Consumers are required to comply with this notice for all electronic products bearing the following symbol:
Appendix H: Regulatory Information
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Appendix H: Regulatory Information
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Appendix H: Regulatory Information
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Appendix H: Regulatory Information
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Appendix H: Regulatory Information
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Appendix I: Contact Information
Need to contact Linksys?
Visit us online for information on the latest products and updates to your existing products at:
If you experience problems with any Linksys product, you can e-mail us at:
In Europe
Austria
E-mail Address
support.gr@linksys.com (English only)
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Russia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Appendix I: Contact Information
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Wireless-N Notebook Adapter
Outside of Europe
Asia Pacific
E-mail Address
asiasupport@linksys.com (English only)
support.portuguese@linksys.com or support.spanish@linksys.com
support.mea@linksys.com (English only)
support.ze@linksys.com (English only)
support.ae@linksys.com (English only)
Latin America
Middle East & Africa
South Africa
UAE
U.S. and Canada
Support may be only available for your country in English.
Appendix I: Contact Information
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