KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD.
USER MANUAL
MODEL:
VA-8xl
8-Channel Balanced Stereo
Audio Amplifier
P/N: 2900-300151 Rev 1
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Contents
Figures
VA-8xl – Contents
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1
Introduction
Welcome to Kramer Electronics! Since 1981, Kramer Electronics has been
providing a world of unique, creative, and affordable solutions to the vast range of
problems that confront the video, audio, presentation, and broadcasting
professional on a daily basis. In recent years, we have redesigned and upgraded
most of our line, making the best even better!
Our 1,000-plus different models now appear in 11 groups that are clearly defined
by function: GROUP 1: Distribution Amplifiers; GROUP 2: Switchers and Matrix
Switchers; GROUP 3: Control Systems; GROUP 4: Format/Standards Converters;
GROUP 5: Range Extenders and Repeaters; GROUP 6: Specialty AV Products;
GROUP 7: Scan Converters and Scalers; GROUP 8: Cables and Connectors;
GROUP 9: Room Connectivity; GROUP 10: Accessories and Rack Adapters and
GROUP 11: Sierra Products.
Congratulations on purchasing your Kramer VA-8xl 8-Channel Balanced Stereo
Audio Amplifier, which is ideal for the following typical applications:
•
•
•
Large presentation audio level control
Audio broadcast and editing studios
PA remote audio level control
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2
Getting Started
We recommend that you:
•
Unpack the equipment carefully and save the original box and packaging
materials for possible future shipment
•
Review the contents of this user manual
Use Kramer high performance high resolution cables
Use only the power cord that is supplied with this machine
user manuals, application programs, and to check if firmware
upgrades are available (where appropriate).
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2.1
Achieving the Best Performance
To achieve the best performance:
•
Use only good quality connection cables to avoid interference, deterioration
in signal quality due to poor matching, and elevated noise levels (often
associated with low quality cables)
•
•
Avoid interference from neighboring electrical appliances that may adversely
influence signal quality
Position your Kramer VA-8xl away from moisture, excessive sunlight and
dust
2
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3
Overview
The VA-8xl 8-Channel Balanced Stereo Audio Amplifier is a high−performance
8-channel, balanced stereo input volume controller for balanced audio signals on
terminal block connectors. The volume of each L and R stereo channel can be
adjusted independently of the other stereo channel.
In particular, the VA-8xl features:
•
A digitally controlled volume control function, with gain from -95dB
(attenuation) up to +31dB (amplification) - in increments of 0.5dB
•
•
Clean, noise-free transition during gain setting changes
Transparent performance even in the most critical broadcast
applications
•
•
8 independent channels
Control of the amplifier gain of the left and right channels—
together or separately—via the front panel buttons, or remotely via
RS-232 or RS-485
•
•
•
Daisy-chaining of up to 15 machines in a single system using
RS-485 or RS-232, allowing control of up to 120 stereo audio
channels!
Storing and recalling up to 15 configuration setups via the non-
volatile memory, using the front panel buttons, or remotely via
RS-232 or RS-485
A LED display on the front panel, showing the gain of the selected
channel (that is, its left and right decibel status)
•
•
Easy-to-connect detachable terminal block connectors
A rugged, professional 1U rack mountable enclosure and ship with
Windows®-based software
3.1
Defining the VA-8xl 8-Channel Balanced Stereo Audio
Amplifier
This section defines the VA-8xl.
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Figure 1: VA-8xl 8-Channel Balanced Stereo Audio Amplifier Front Panel
#
Feature
Function
1
2
POWER Switch
Illuminated switch supplying power to the unit
CHANNEL SELECTOR Buttons
(a). Select/deselect the stereo channel (from 1 to 8)
(b). Select a setup number (from 1 to 15)
3
DOWN
(a). Decreases the volume in increments of 0.5dB from -95dB to +31dB gain
(b). Stores the current setting in the non-volatile memory
4
5
LEFT
UP
Selects/deselects the left channel
(a). Increases the volume in increments of 0.5dB from -95dB to +31dB gain
(b). Recalls a setup from the non-volatile memory
6
7
8
RIGHT
Selects/deselects the right channel
LEFT/dB LED Display
RIGHT/dB LED Display
Shows the gain of the selected left channel
Shows the gain of the selected right channel
4
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Figure 2: VA-8xl 8-Channel Balanced Stereo Audio Amplifier Rear Panel
#
Feature
Function
9
IN Terminal Block Connectors
OUT Terminal Block Connectors
RS-485 Detachable Terminal Block Port
RS-232 9-pin D-sub Port
SETUP DIP-switches
Connect to audio sources (from 1 to 8)
Connect to audio acceptors (from 1 to 8)
Pin # 1 is for Ground; Pin # 2 is for +; Pin # 3 is for –
Connects to the PC or the Remote Controller
DIP-switches for setup of the unit
10
11
12
13
14
Power Connector with FUSE
AC connector enabling power supply to the unit
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4
Connecting the VA-8xl
Always switch off the power to each device before connecting it to your
VA-8xl. After connecting your VA-8xl, connect its power and then
i
switch on the power to each device.
To connect the VA-8xl as illustrated in the example in Figure 6:
1. Using the appropriate wiring shown in the figures below, connect up to 8
balanced stereo audio sources (for example, a tape deck) to INPUT
CHANNEL 1 – 8 via terminal block connectors:
You do not have to connect all channels.
2. Using the appropriate wiring shown in the figures below, connect up to 8
balanced stereo audio acceptors (for example, a stereo amplifier) to
OUTPUT CHANNEL 1 – 8 via terminal block connectors:
You do not have to connect all channels.
3. If required, connect a PC via RS-232, (see Page 8).
Figure 3: Balanced Stereo
Audio Connection
Figure 4: Unbalanced
Stereo Audio Input
Connection
Figure 5: Unbalanced
Stereo Audio Output
Connection
6
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Figure 6: Connecting the VA-8xl 8-Channel Balanced Stereo Audio Amplifier
VA-8xl - Connecting the VA-8xl
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5
Operating the VA-8xl
When switching on the VA-8xl (after a previous session), the VA-8xl briefly scans
each channel (stored in the non-volatile memory), showing the settings in the LED
displays. After that, the VA-8xl goes to channel 1, and shows its gain/attenuation
level in dB.
During regular work, the VA-8xl shows the status of the last channel you observed
and/or changed.
To observe the status of a channel:
•
Press a CHANNEL SELECTOR button.
That CHANNEL SELECTOR button illuminates for about 20
seconds and the decibel values of the selected channel appear in
the dimmed LED displays
When the LEDs are dimmed, you cannot change the gain or attenuation - the values
are for observation only
You can control the amplifier gain of the left and right channels via the front panel
buttons, or remotely via RS-232 or RS-485. You can increase or decrease the gain
in increments of 0.5dB from -95dB up to +31dB.
You can control the amplifier gain of the left and/or right channels separately or
5.1
Adjusting the Gain/Attenuation of the Channels
To adjust the amplifier gain or the attenuation:
1. Press the appropriate CHANNEL SELECTOR button.
That CHANNEL SELECTOR button illuminates and the decibel values of the
selected channel appear in the dimmed LED displays (stored in the
non-volatile memory).
(When the LEDs are dimmed, you cannot change the gain or attenuation - the values
are for observation only).
2. Press the LEFT LEVEL and/or the RIGHT LEVEL button.
The decibel values of the selected channel appear in the bright LEFT and/or
RIGHT LED display.
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3. Press the UP or DOWN button once to increase or decrease, as
appropriate, in increments of 0.5dB. Press and hold the UP or DOWN
button, to increase or decrease the decibel level by a significant amount.
4. Press the LEFT LEVEL or the RIGHT LEVEL button to set the level.
The bright LEFT and/or RIGHT LED display becomes dim again, preventing
unintentionally altering the settings.
5.2
Storing and Recalling Setups
You can store/recall up to 15 settings in the non-volatile memory, via the front
panel buttons, or remotely via RS-232 or RS-485.
A setting refers to the gain/attenuation level of the selected channel that appears
in the dimmed LED displays, and each setting includes all 8 channels.
To store a setting, via the front panel buttons:
1. When the LED displays are dimmed, press the DOWN button.
The abbreviation “StO” (store) appears in the LEFT LED display.
2. Choose a setup number (between 1 to 8), by pressing the appropriate
CHANNEL SELECTOR button.
The abbreviation “StO” (store) appears in the LEFT LED display and the
setup number appears in the RIGHT LED display.
3. Press the same CHANNEL SELECTOR button again.
The memory stores the chosen setup number. As confirmation, for a few
seconds, “YES” appears in the LEFT LED display and the setup number
appears in the RIGHT LED display.
Note:
.
.
Saving a setup to an previously allocated setup number, overwrites the
previous setup
To cancel, press the LEFT or RIGHT button
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To recall a setting, via the front panel buttons, do the following:
1. When the LED displays are dimmed, press the UP button.
The abbreviation “rCL” (recall) appears in the LEFT LED display.
2. Press the appropriate CHANNEL SELECTOR button.
The abbreviation “rCL” (recall) appears in the LEFT LED display and the
number of that CHANNEL SELECTOR button appears in the RIGHT LED
display.
3. Press the same CHANNEL SELECTOR button again.
The memory recalls the setup. As confirmation, for a few seconds, “YES”
appears in the LEFT LED display and the setup number appears in the
RIGHT LED display.
If no setting is stored in the non-volatile memory with that setup #, “NO”
appears in the LEFT LED display and the setup number appears in the
RIGHT LED display.
Note:
.
Recalling a setup implements the amplifier gain or the attenuation
immediately
10
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6
Controlling the VA-8xl
You can control a single VA-8xl unit (see Section 6.1) or configure up to a 120
channel balanced stereo audio amplifier, using 15 units via RS-485 or RS-232
6.1
Controlling a Single VA-8xl Unit
To connect and control a single VA-8xl unit, connect the following to the rear
panel:
•
PC or other controller, see Section 6.2: “Preparing the RS-232
Port on a Single Unit”
•
•
Set the DIP-switches, see Section 6.2.1
Power cord
6.2
Preparing the RS-232 Port on a Single Unit
You can connect to the unit via a crossed RS-232 connection, using for example,
a PC. A crossed cable or null-modem is required as shown in method A and B
respectively. If a shielded cable is used, connect the shield to pin 5.
Method A (Figure 7)—Connect the RS-232 9-pin D-sub port on the unit via a
crossed cable (only pin 2 to pin 3, pin 3 to pin 2, and pin 5 to pin 5 need be
connected) to the RS-232 9-pin D-sub port on the PC.
Note: There is no need to connect any other pins.
5
4
3
2
1
5
4
3
2
1
9
8
7
6
9
8
7
6
PC
Figure 7: Crossed Cable RS-232 Connection
Hardware flow control is not required for this unit. In the rare case where a
controller requires hardware flow control, short pin 1 to 7 and 8, and pin 4 to 6 on
the controller side.
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Method B (Figure 8)—Connect the RS-232 9-pin D-sub port on the unit via a
straight (flat) cable to the null-modem adapter, and connect the null-modem
adapter to the RS-232 9-pin D-sub port on the PC. The straight cable usually
contains all nine wires for a full connection of the D-sub connector. Because the
null-modem adapter (which already includes the flow control jumpering described
in Method A above) only requires pins 2, 3 and 5 to be connected, you are free to
decide whether to connect only these 3 pins or all 9 pins.
5
9
4
8
Null-Modem
Adapter
3
to PC
7
2
6
1
Figure 8: Straight Cable RS-232 Connection with a Null Modem Adapter
6.2.1
DIP-Switch Settings
Configure the VA-8xl by setting the DIP-switches as defined in Figure 9:
Figure 9: Rear Panel DIP-switches (Factory Default)
DIP #
1-4
5
Function:
Not used
6
RS-485 termination for first and last machine = ON (RS-485 line terminates with
110Ω); for others = OFF (RS-485 line is open)
7/8
Used for the firmware upgrade procedure (see Section 7)
6.2.2
Setting the MACHINE #
To control a unit via RS-232 or RS-485, each unit has to be identified via its
unique MACHINE #. Set the MACHINE # on a VA-8xl unit according to the
following table. A valid MACHINE # is from 1 to 15.
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For a single, stand alone machine, set as MACHINE # 1.
MACHINE #
DIP-SWITCH
1
2
3
4
1
ON
OFF OFF OFF
2
OFF ON
ON ON
OFF OFF
OFF OFF
3
4
OFF OFF ON
ON OFF ON
OFF ON
ON ON
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
5
6
ON
ON
7
8
OFF OFF OFF ON
ON OFF OFF ON
OFF ON
ON ON
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
OFF ON
OFF ON
OFF OFF ON
ON OFF ON
OFF ON
ON ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
6.3
Configuring up to a 120 Channel Balanced Stereo Audio
Amplifier
To connect up to 15 VA-8xl units, do the following:
•
Connect the balanced/unbalanced audio sources/acceptors to the
rear panel on each unit (see Section 4)
•
•
•
Connect a PC or other controller (see Section 6.3.1)
Set the DIP-switches on each unit (see Section 6.2.1)
Connect the power cord on each unit
Figure 10 illustrates how to configure up to 15 VA-8xl units.
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Figure 10: Configuring up to 15 VA-8xl Units
6.3.1
Connecting a Control Interface on a Set of Units
To connect the control interface on a set of units, do one of the following:
•
Connect the RS-232 port on the first VA-8xl unit to a PC or other
controller, and then connect the RS-232 port on each of the
VA-8xl units, using the specially prepared RS-232 cable (see Section
•
Connect a PC or other controller to the “RS-232 in” 9-pin D-sub (F)
port on a Kramer Tools VP-43xl Interface Converter and connect the
RS-485 port on the VP-43xl to the RS-485 ports on each of the
6.3.2
Preparing the RS-232 Port on a Set of Units
To connect a PC to a set of VA-8xl units do the following:
1. Prepare the RS-232 9-pin D-sub (F) connector (A), by connecting PIN 4 to
PIN 6 and connecting PINS 8, 7, and 1 together.
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2. Attach the RS-232 9-pin D-sub (F) connector (A) to another RS-232 9-pin
D-sub (M) connector (B) by connecting PIN 5 to PIN 5, PIN 3 to PIN 2, and
PIN 2 to PIN 3.
3. Connect the RS-232 9-pin D-sub (F) connector (A) to your PC’s RS-232
9-pin D-sub (M) port.
4. Attach the RS-232 9-pin D-sub (M) connector (B) to another RS-232 9-pin
D-sub (M) connector (C), by connecting PIN 5 to PIN 5, PIN 8 to PIN 3, PIN
9 to PIN 2.
5. Connect the RS-232 9-pin D-sub (M) connector (B) to the RS-232 9-pin
D-sub (F) port on the first VA-8xl unit.
6. Attach the RS-232 9-pin D-sub (M) connector (C) to another RS-232 9-pin
D-sub (M) connector, if required, by connecting PIN 5 to PIN 5, PIN 8 to PIN
3, PIN 9 to PIN 2.
7. Connect the RS-232 9-pin D-sub (M) connector (C) to the RS-232 9-pin
D-sub (F) port on the next VA-8xl unit.
Figure 11: Preparing the RS-232 Connectors
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6.3.3
Connecting the RS-485 Control Interface
To connect an RS-485 connector on one VA-8xl unit to an RS-485 connector on
another unit:
1. Connect the “+” PIN on the first VA-8xl unit to the “+” PIN on the second
VA-8xl unit
2. Connect the “-” PIN on the first VA-8xl unit to the “-” PIN on the second
VA-8xl unit
3. If shielded cable is used for an RS-485 connection, connect the shield to the
Ground PIN.
Figure 12 illustrates the RS-485 line that connects:
•
•
Between each VA-8xl unit
To the PC via a Kramer Tools VP-43xl Interface Converter
(connect the PC’s 9-pin D-sub COM port to the “RS-232 in” 9-pin
D-sub (F) port on the VP-43xl. Next, connect the RS-485 port on
the VP-43xl to the RS-485 ports on the VA-8xl units)
16
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Figure 12: An RS-485 Control Interface Setup
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7
Upgrading the Flash Memory
The VA-8xl firmware is located in FLASH memory, which lets you upgrade to the
latest Kramer firmware version in minutes! The process involves:
•
•
•
Downloading from the Internet (see Section 7.1)
Connecting the PC to the RS-232 port (see Section 7.2)
Upgrading Firmware (see Section 7.3)
7.1
Downloading from the Internet
You can download the up-to-date file from the Internet. To do so:
file: “FLIP_Va8xl.zip” from the Technical Support section.
2. Extract the file: “FLIP_Va8xl.zip” to a folder (for example, C:\Program
Files\Kramer Flash).
7.2
Connecting the PC to the RS-232 Port
Before installing the latest Kramer firmware version on a VA-8xl unit, do the
following:
1. Connect the RS-232 9-pin D-sub rear panel port on the VA-8xl unit to the
null modem adapter and connect the null modem adapter with a 9-wire flat
cable to the RS-232 9-pin D-sub COM port on your PC (see Section 4).
It is recommended that you use COM port 2 (default). However, if your
computer has only one COM port, open the file: “Va8xl.cfg” (located at
C:\Program Files\Kramer Flash\Va8xl.cfg) in Notepad, and change “set port
COM2” to “set port COM1”.
2. Set the DIP-switches as follows:
.
.
Set DIP 8 ON
Set DIP 7 ON
18
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3. Connect the power cord and turn the POWER switch on the VA-8xl ON.
The LED displays may show erratic data, which should be ignored.
7.3
Upgrading Firmware
Follow these steps to upgrade the firmware:
1. Double click the desktop icon: “Shortcut to FLIP.EXE”.
The Splash screen appears as follows:
Figure 13: Splash Screen
2. After a few seconds, the Splash screen is replaced by the “Atmel – Flip”
window:
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Figure 14: Atmel – Flip Window
3. Press the keyboard shortcut key F4 (or select the “Read Configuration File”
command from the File menu, or press the keys: Alt FR).
The “Open Configuration File” window appears:
Figure 15: Open Configuration File Select Window
4. Choose the file: “Va8xl.cfg” (by double-clicking it).
If COM 2 was not selected (see Section 7.2), an RS-232 error message
appears. In the “Atmel – Flip” window, the Operations Flow column is
disabled, and crosses appear in the third column.
20
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Figure 16: Atmel – Flip Window (RS-232 Communication)
5. Click OK and press the keyboard shortcut key F3 (or select the
“Communication / RS232” command from the Settings menu, or press the
keys: Alt SCR).
The “RS232” window appears. Change the COM port:
Figure 17: RS-232 Window
6. Click Connect.
In the “Atmel – Flip” window, in the Operations Flow column, the Run button
is active, and the name of the chip appears as the name of the third column:
T89C51RD2.
Verify that in the Buffer Information column, the “HEX File: Va8xl.hex”
appears.
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Figure 18: Atmel – Flip Window (Connected)
7. Click Run.
After each stage in the operation is completed, the check-box for that stage
becomes colored green (see also the blue progress indicator on the status
bar).
When the operation is completed, all 4 check-boxes will be colored green
and the status bar message: Memory Verify Pass appears:
If an error message: “Not Finished” shows, click Run again.
22
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Figure 19: Atmel – Flip Window (Operation Completed)
8. Close the “Atmel – Flip” window.
9. Turn the POWER switch on the VA-8xl OFF.
10. Disconnect the RS-232 9-pin D-sub rear panel port on the VA-8xl unit from
the null modem adapter.
11. Set DIP 7 OFF.
12. Set DIP 8 OFF.
13. Turn the POWER switch on the VA-8xl ON.
Upon initialization, the new VA-8xl software version shows in the RIGHT
LED display.
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8
Technical Specifications
INPUTS:
8 balanced stereo audio +4dBm / 30kΩ on detachable
terminal blocks
OUTPUTS:
8 balanced stereo audio +4dBm / 50Ω on detachable
terminal blocks
GAIN:
-95dB to +31dB
MAX. OUTPUT LEVEL:
BANDWIDTH (-0.3dB):
NOISE FLOOR:
THD + NOISE:
>20dBu balanced (TND +N <0.01)
20 Hz to 40 kHz
<90dB (GAIN 0dB)
0.006%, +4dBu 1kHz
CONTROLS:
Front pushbuttons, RS-232, and RS-485
Gain in dB for left and right channels
0° to +55°C (32° to 131°F)
-45° to +72°C (-49° to 162°F)
10% to 90%, RHL non-condensing
90 - 240V AC, 13VA
INDICATORS:
OPERATING TEMPERATURE:
STORAGE TEMPERATURE:
HUMIDITY:
POWER SOURCE:
DIMENSIONS:
19” x 7” x 1U (W, D, H) rack-mountable
3.5kg (7.8lbs) approx.
WEIGHT:
ACCESSORIES:
Power cord, null modem adapter, Windows®-based
control software
24
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9
Default Communication Parameters
RS-232
Protocol 2000
Baud Rate:
9600
Data Bits:
8
Stop Bits:
1
Parity:
None
Command Format:
Example (Output 1 to Input 1):
Ethernet
HEX
0x01, 0x81, 0x81, 0x81
IP Address:
192.168.1.39
5000
TCP Port Number:
Network Mask:
Default Gateway:
255.255.255.0
192.168.1.1
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10 Kramer Protocol 2000
The VA-8xl is compatible with Kramer’s Protocol 2000 (version 0.50). This RS-232 / RS-485 communication
protocol uses four bytes of information as defined below:
1st BYTE:
Bit 7 (MSB)
Bit 6
Defined as 0.
0 - for sending information to the switchers (from the PC)
1 - for sending to the PC (from the switcher).
INSTRUCTION
Bits 5…0
The function that the switcher is to perform is defined in the INSTRUCTION table below. Similarly, if a function
is performed via the machine’s front panel, then these bits are set according to the INSTRUCTION NO. that
was performed.
2nd BYTE:
Bit 7 (MSB)
Bits 4…0
Bit 5
Defined as 1.
Channel number
Left (set to 1 when referring to the left channel)
Right (set to 1 when referring to the right channel)
Bit 6
Note: To mute with regular attenuation use Bit 5 and 6 = 1
To mute immediately use Bit 5 and 6 = 0, however there may be a pop
or click on the output of the muted channel.
3rd BYTE:
Bit 7 (MSB)
Bits 6…0
Defined as 1.
7 least significant bits of data
4th BYTE:
Bit 7 (MSB)
Bit 5
Bits 4…0
Defined as 1.
MSB of data (7 LSBs are in 3rd byte).
MACHINE NUMBER.
For RS-232, a null-modem connection between the machine and controller is used. For both RS-232/RS-485
interfaces the default data rate is 9600 baud, with no parity, 8 data bits and 1 stop bit.
All the values in the table are decimal, unless otherwise stated
INSTRUCTION
#
DESCRIPTION
3rd BYTE
22dec
SET AUDIO GAIN
Set 7 LSBs of gain value
(16hex)
Gain (dB) = 31.5 – (0.5x(255-DATA))
24dec
(18hex)
INCREASE / DECREASE
AUDIO GAIN
0 - increase gain
1 - decrease gain
25dec
REQUEST AUDIO GAIN
As in Instruction 22dec above.
(19hex)
When requesting both channels, the reply is:
For equal left and right gain: bits 5 = bit 6
For unequal left and right gain: bits 6 = 0; bit 5 = 1 for reply for left
channel
In addition to the above, instructions 15, 18, 19, 20, 61, 62 (decimal) of Kramer’s Protocol 2000 are also fully
implemented in the unit. For instructions 18 and 19, setups 01 to 15 (decimal) are valid.
See the following examples:
EXAMPLES
COMMAND
EXAMPLES (MACHINE # 1)
16h E7h 90h 81h
16h AAh FFh 81h
16h CAh COh A1h
16h FOh DOh A1h
18h EFh 80h 81h
19h CFh 80h 81h
Set channel 7 both left and right gain -88dB
Set channel 10 left gain -32.5dB
Set channel 10 right gain 0dB
Set channel 16 both left and right gain +8dB
Increment (increase) gain on 0.5dB on left and right of channel 15
Request gain of channel 15 right. If the gain is 0dB for both left and right channels, then the
reply would be: 59h EFh COh A1h
19h EEh 80h 81h
Request gain of channel 14 both left and right. If the gain is different for the left and right
channels, then, for +3dB gain in the left channel the reply would be: 59h AEh C6h A1h
26
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The following tables define the VA-8xl hex codes for attenuation gain control,
amplification gain control and the channel number codes.
10.1 Hex Codes for Attenuation Gain Control
Gain
LED
Hex Codes
Gain
LED
Hex Codes
Gain
LED
Hex Codes
(dB)
(dB)
(dB)
Mute
-95.5
-95
- - -
16 XX 80 81
16 XX 81 81
16 XX 82 81
16 XX 83 81
16 XX 84 81
16 XX 85 81
16 XX 86 81
16 XX 87 81
16 XX 88 81
16 XX 89 81
16 XX 8A 81
16 XX 8B 81
16 XX 8C 81
16 XX 8D 81
16 XX 8E 81
16 XX 8F 81
16 XX 90 81
16 XX 91 81
16 XX 92 81
16 XX 93 81
16 XX 94 81
16 XX 95 81
16 XX 96 81
16 XX 97 81
16 XX 98 81
16 XX 99 81
16 XX 9A 81
16 XX 9B 81
16 XX 9C 81
16 XX 9D 81
16 XX 9E 81
16 XX 9F 81
16 XX A0 81
16 XX A1 81
16 XX A2 81
16 XX A3 81
16 XX A4 81
16 XX A5 81
16 XX A6 81
16 XX A7 81
16 XX A8 81
16 XX A9 81
16 XX AA 81
16 XX AB 81
16 XX AC 81
16 XX AD 81
16 XX AE 81
16 XX AF 81
16 XX B0 81
16 XX B1 81
-68
-68
16 XX B8 81
16 XX B9 81
16 XX BA 81
16 XX BB 81
16 XX BC 81
16 XX BD 81
16 XX BE 81
16 XX BF 81
16 XX C0 81
16 XX C1 81
16 XX C2 81
16 XX C3 81
16 XX C4 81
16 XX C5 81
16 XX C6 81
16 XX C7 81
16 XX C8 81
16 XX C9 81
16 XX CA 81
16 XX CB 81
16 XX CC 81
16 XX CD 81
16 XX CE 81
16 XX CF 81
16 XX D0 81
16 XX D1 81
16 XX D2 81
16 XX D3 81
16 XX D4 81
16 XX D5 81
16 XX D6 81
16 XX D7 81
16 XX D8 81
16 XX D9 81
16 XX DA 81
16 XX DB 81
16 XX DC 81
16 XX DD 81
16 XX DE 81
16 XX DF 81
16 XX E0 81
16 XX E1 81
16 XX E2 81
16 XX E3 81
16 XX E4 81
16 XX E5 81
16 XX E6 81
16 XX E7 81
16 XX E8 81
16 XX E9 81
-40
-40
16 XX F0 81
16 XX F1 81
16 XX F2 81
16 XX F3 81
16 XX F4 81
16 XX F5 81
16 XX F6 81
16 XX F7 81
16 XX F8 81
16 XX F9 81
16 XX FA 81
16 XX FB 81
16 XX FC 81
16 XX FD 81
16 XX FE 81
16 XX FF 81
16 XX 80 A1
16 XX 81 A1
16 XX 82 A1
16 XX 83 A1
16 XX 84 A1
16 XX 85 A1
16 XX 86 A1
16 XX 87 A1
16 XX 88 A1
16 XX 89 A1
16 XX 8A A1
16 XX 8B A1
16 XX 8C A1
16 XX 8D A1
16 XX 8E A1
16 XX 8F A1
16 XX 90 A1
16 XX 91 A1
16 XX 92 A1
16 XX 93 A1
16 XX 94 A1
16 XX 95 A1
16 XX 96 A1
16 XX 97 A1
16 XX 98 A1
16 XX 99 A1
16 XX 9A A1
16 XX 9B A1
16 XX 9C A1
16 XX 9D A1
16 XX 9E A1
16 XX 9F A1
16 XX A0 A1
16 XX A1 A1
-95.5
-95
-67.5
-67
-67.5
-67
-39.5
-39
-39.5
-39
-94.5
-94
-94.5
-94
-66.5
-66
-66.5
-66
-38.5
-38
-38.5
-38
-93.5
-93
-93.5
-93
-65.5
-65
-65.5
-65
-37.5
-37
-37.5
-37
-92.5
-92
-92.5
-92
-64.5
-64
-64.5
-64
-36.5
-36
-36.5
-36
-91.5
-91
-91.5
-91
-63.5
-63
-63.5
-63
-35.5
-35
-35.5
-35
-90.5
-90
-90.5
-90
-62.5
-62
-62.5
-62
-34.5
-34
-34.5
-34
-89.5
-89
-89.5
-89
-61.5
-61
-61.5
-61
-33.5
-33
-33.5
-33
-88.5
-88
-88.5
-88
-60.5
-60
-60.5
-60
-32.5
-32
-32.5
-32
-87.5
-87
-87.5
-87
-59.5
-59
-59.5
-59
-31.5
-31
-31.5
-31
-86.5
-86
-86.5
-86
-58.5
-58
-58.5
-58
-30.5
-30
-30.5
-30
-85.5
-85
-85.5
-85
-57.5
-57
-57.5
-57
-29.5
-29
-29.5
-29
-84.5
-84
-84.5
-84
-56.5
-56
-56.5
-56
-28.5
-28
-28.5
-28
-83.5
-83
-83.5
-83
-55.5
-55
-55.5
-55
-27.5
-27
-27.5
-27
-82.5
-82
-82.5
-82
-54.5
-54
-54.5
-54
-26.5
-26
-26.5
-26
-81.5
-81
-81.5
-81
-53.5
-53
-53.5
-53
-25.5
-25
-25.5
-25
-80.5
-80
-80.5
-80
-52.5
-52
-52.5
-52
-24.5
-24
-24.5
-24
-79.5
-79
-79.5
-79
-51.5
-51
-51.5
-51
-23.5
-23
-23.5
-23
-78.5
-78
-78.5
-78
-50.5
-50
-50.5
-50
-22.5
-22
-22.5
-22
-77.5
-77
-77.5
-77
-49.5
-49
-49.5
-49
-21.5
-21
-21.5
-21
-76.5
-76
-76.5
-76
-48.5
-48
-48.5
-48
-20.5
-20
-20.5
-20
-75.5
-75
-75.5
-75
-47.5
-47
-47.5
-47
-19.5
-19
-19.5
-19
-74.5
-74
-74.5
-74
-46.5
-46
-46.5
-46
-18.5
-18
-18.5
-18
-73.5
-73
-73.5
-73
-45.5
-45
-45.5
-45
-17.5
-17
-17.5
-17
-72.5
-72
-72.5
-72
-44.5
-44
-44.5
-44
-16.5
-16
-16.5
-16
-71.5
-71.5
-43.5
-43.5
15.5
-15.5
VA-8xl - Kramer Protocol 2000
27
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Gain
(dB)
-71
LED
Hex Codes
Gain
(dB)
-43
LED
Hex Codes
Gain
(dB)
-15
LED
Hex Codes
-71
16 XX B2 81
16 XX B3 81
16 XX B4 81
16 XX B5 81
16 XX B6 81
16 XX B7 81
16 XX A8 A1
16 XX A9 A1
16 XX AA A1
16 XX AB A1
16 XX AC A1
16 XX AD A1
16 XX AE A1
16 XX AF A1
-43
-42.5
-42
-41.5
-41
-40.5
-8
16 XX EA 81
16 XX EB 81
16 XX EC 81
16 XX ED 81
16 XX EE 81
16 XX EF 81
16 XX B0 A1
16 XX B1 A1
16 XX B2 A1
16 XX B3 A1
16 XX B4 A1
16 XX B5 A1
16 XX B6 A1
16 XX B7 A1
-15
-14.5
-14
-13.5
-13
-12.5
-4
16 XX A2 A1
16 XX A3 A1
16 XX A4 A1
16 XX A5 A1
16 XX A6 A1
16 XX A7 A1
16 XX B8 A1
16 XX B9 A1
16 XX BA A1
16 XX BB A1
16 XX BC A1
16 XX BD A1
16 XX BE A1
16 XX BF A1
-70.5
-70
-70.5
-70
-42.5
-42
-41.5
-41
-40.5
-8
-14.5
-14
-13.5
-13
-12.5
-4
-69.5
-69
-69.5
-69
-68.5
-12
-68.5
-12
-11.5
-11
-11.5
-11
-7.5
-7
-7.5
-7
-3.5
-3
-3.5
-3
-10.5
-10
-10.5
-10
-6.5
-6
-6.5
-6
-2.5
-2
-2.5
-2
-9.5
-9
-9.5
-9
-5.5
-5
-5.5
-5
-1.5
-1
-1.5
-1
-8.5
-8.5
-4.5
-4.5
-0.5
-0.5
10.2 Hex Codes for Amplification Gain Control
Gain
(dB)
LED
Hex Codes
Gain
(dB)
LED
Hex Codes
Gain
(dB)
LED
Hex Codes
0
0
16 XX C0 A1
16 XX C1 A1
16 XX C2 A1
16 XX C3 A1
16 XX C4 A1
16 XX C5 A1
16 XX C6 A1
16 XX C7 A1
16 XX C8 A1
16 XX C9 A1
16 XX CA A1
16 XX CB A1
16 XX CC A1
16 XX CD A1
16 XX CE A1
16 XX CF A1
16 XX D0 A1
16 XX D1 A1
16 XX D2 A1
16 XX D3 A1
16 XX D4 A1
16 XX D5 A1
+11
+11
16 XX D6 A1
+22
+22
16 XX EC A1
16 XX ED A1
16 XX EE A1
16 XX EF A1
16 XX F0 A1
16 XX F1 A1
16 XX F2 A1
16 XX F3 A1
16 XX F4 A1
16 XX F5 A1
16 XX F6 A1
16 XX F7 A1
16 XX F8 A1
16 XX F9 A1
16 XX FA A1
16 XX FB A1
16 XX FC A1
16 XX FD A1
16 XX FE A1
16 XX FF A1
+0.5
+1
+0.5
+1
+11.5
+12
+11.5 16 XX D7 A1
+12 16 XX D8 A1
+12.5 16 XX D9 A1
+13 16 XX DA A1
+13.5 16 XX DB A1
+14 16 XX DC A1
+14.5 16 XX DD A1
+15 16 XX DE A1
+15.5 16 XX DF A1
+16 16 XX E0 A1
+16.5 16 XX E1 A1
+17 16 XX E2 A1
+17.5 16 XX E3 A1
+18 16 XX E4 A1
+18.5 16 XX E5 A1
+19 16 XX E6 A1
+19.5 16 XX E7 A1
+20 16 XX E8 A1
+20.5 16 XX E9 A1
+21 16 XX EA A1
+21.5 16 XX EB A1
+22.5
+23
+22.5
+23
+1.5
+2
+1.5
+2
+12.5
+13
+23.5
+24
+23.5
+24
+2.5
+3
+2.5
+3
+13.5
+14
+24.5
+25
+24.5
+25
+3.5
+4
+3.5
+4
+14.5
+15
+25.5
+26
+25.5
+26
+4.5
+5
+4.5
+5
+15.5
+16
+26.5
+27
+26.5
+27
+5.5
+6
+5.5
+6
+16.5
+17
+27.5
+28
+27.5
+28
+6.5
+7
+6.5
+7
+17.5
+18
+28.5
+29
+28.5
+29
+7.5
+8
+7.5
+8
+18.5
+19
+29.5
+30
+29.5
+30
+8.5
+9
+8.5
+9
+19.5
+20
+30.5
+31
+30.5
+31
+9.5
+10
+10.5
+9.5
+10
+10.5
+20.5
+21
+31.5
+31.5
+21.5
10.3 Channel Number Codes
Channel Left
Right
Both
Channel Left
Right
Both
(L & R)
(L & R)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
C8
E1
E2
E3
E4
E5
E6
E7
E8
9
A9
AA
AB
AC
AD
AE
AF
B0
C9
CA
CB
CC
CD
CE
CF
D0
E9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
EA
EB
EC
ED
EE
EF
F0
28
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VA-8xl - Kramer Protocol 2000
29
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