|
ADAC Ultra2 S466
Single Ended and Low-
Voltage Differential SCSI
PCI RAID Controller
Hardware Guide
8503624 A MAN US ADAC U2 S466 GDE R0
8/14/98
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Table of Contents
1 Overview...............................................................1
Single Ended and Differential SCSI Buses ..............................2
Maximum Cable Length for SCSI Standards ...........................2
Documentation .........................................................................3
ADAC Ultra2 S466 Block Diagram.........................................4
2 Introduction to RAID ............................................5
RAID Benefits..........................................................................5
In This Chapter.........................................................................6
ADAC Ultra2 S466 – Host-Based RAID Solution...................7
RAID Overview .......................................................................8
Consistency Check ...................................................................8
Fault Tolerance ........................................................................8
Disk Striping ............................................................................9
Disk Spanning ........................................................................10
Disk Mirroring .......................................................................11
Parity......................................................................................12
Hot Spares..............................................................................13
Disk Rebuild...........................................................................14
Logical Drive .........................................................................15
Hot Swap................................................................................15
SCSI Drive States...................................................................16
Logical Drive States...............................................................16
Disk Array Types ...................................................................17
Enclosure Management ..........................................................17
3 RAID Levels ........................................................19
Selecting a RAID Level .........................................................20
RAID 0...................................................................................21
RAID 1...................................................................................22
RAID 3...................................................................................23
RAID 5...................................................................................25
RAID 10.................................................................................26
RAID 30.................................................................................27
RAID 50.................................................................................28
4 ADAC Ultra2 S466 Features ..............................29
Hardware Requirements.........................................................30
Configuration Features...........................................................30
Hardware Architecture Features.............................................31
Array Performance Features...................................................31
RAID Management Features..................................................32
Fault Tolerance Features........................................................32
Contents
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Software Utilities....................................................................33
Operating System Software Drivers .......................................33
ADAC Ultra2 S466 Specifications.........................................34
PCI Bridge/CPU.....................................................................35
Cache Memory.......................................................................35
ADAC Ultra2 S466 BIOS......................................................35
Onboard Speaker....................................................................36
Serial Port...............................................................................36
SCSI Bus................................................................................36
SCSI Connectors ....................................................................37
SCSI Termination...................................................................37
SCSI Firmware.......................................................................37
RAID Management ................................................................38
Fault-Tolerance Features........................................................39
Compatibility..........................................................................40
Summary ................................................................................40
5 Configuring ADAC Ultra2 S466.........................41
Configuring SCSI Physical Drives.........................................41
Current Configuration ............................................................42
Logical Drive Configuration ..................................................42
Physical Device Layout..........................................................43
Configuring Arrays.................................................................45
Configuration Strategies.........................................................46
Assigning RAID Levels..........................................................48
Configuring Logical Drives....................................................48
Optimizing Data Storage........................................................49
Planning the Array Configuration ..........................................50
Array Configuration Planner ..................................................51
6 Hardware Installation.........................................53
Checklist.................................................................................53
Installation Steps ....................................................................54
Step 1 Unpack ........................................................................55
Step 2 Power Down................................................................55
Step 3 Configure Motherboard...............................................55
Step 4 Install Cache Memory .................................................56
Step 5 Set Jumpers .................................................................58
ADAC Ultra2 S466 Card Layout ...........................................58
Step 6 Set Termination...........................................................61
SCSI Termination...................................................................62
Step 7 Install ADAC Ultra2 S466 ..........................................65
Step 8 Connect SCSI Cables ..................................................66
Step 9 Set Target IDs .............................................................67
Device Identification on ADAC Ultra2 S466.........................68
Step 10 Power Up ..................................................................69
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Step 11 Run ADAC BIOS Setup............................................70
Step 12 Install Operating System Driver................................70
Summary ................................................................................72
7 Troubleshooting.................................................73
BIOS Boot Error Messages....................................................75
Other BIOS Error Messages...................................................77
DOS ASPI Driver Error Messages.........................................78
Other Potential Problems .......................................................79
A SCSI Cables and Connectors............................83
SCSI Connectors ....................................................................83
68-Pin High Density SCSI Internal Connector.......................83
High-Density 68-Pin SCSI Connector Pinout ........................89
68-Pin Connector Pinout for LVD SCSI................................91
B Audible Warnings...............................................93
Index........................................................................95
Contents
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Preface
The ADAC Ultra2 S466 PCI RAID Controller supports all single
ended and low-voltage differential (LVD) SCSI devices on an
Ultra and Wide SCSI channel with data transfer rates up to 80
MB/s (Megabytes per second). This manual describes ADAC
Ultra2 S466.
Limited Warranty The buyer agrees if this product proves to be defective, that
Gateway is only obligated to repair or replace this product at
Gateway’s discretion according to the terms and conditions of the
warranty registration card that accompanies this product.
Gateway shall not be liable in tort or contract for any loss or
damage, direct, incidental or consequential resulting from the use
of this product. Please see the Warranty Registration Card
shipped with this product for full warranty details.
Limitations of Liability Gateway, Inc. shall in no event be held liable for any loss,
expenses, or damages of any kind whatsoever, whether direct,
indirect, incidental, or consequential (whether arising from the
design or use of this product or the support materials provided
with the product). No action or proceeding against Gateway may
be commenced more than two years after the delivery of product
to Licensee of Licensed Software.
Licensee agrees to defend and indemnify Gateway from any and
all claims, suits, and liabilities (including attorney’s fees) arising
out of or resulting from any actual or alleged act or omission on
the part of Licensee, its authorized third parties, employees, or
agents, in connection with the distribution of Licensed Software
to end-users, including, without limitation, claims, suits, and
liability for bodily or other injuries to end-users resulting from
use of Licensee’s product not caused solely by faults in Licensed
Software as provided by Gateway to Licensee.
Cont’d
Preface
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Preface, Continued
Package Contents You should have received:
•
•
•
•
a ADAC Ultra2 S466 PCI RAID Controller,
a ADAC Ultra2 S466 Hardware Guide,
a ADAC Ultra2 S466 Configuration Software Guide,
a ADAC Ultra2 S466 Operating System Drivers
Guide,
•
•
•
software license agreement,
diskette(s) with the ADAC Ultra2 S466 software, and
a warranty registration card.
Technical Support If you need help installing, configuring, or running the
ADAC Ultra2 S466 PCI RAID Controller, call your
Gateway OEM Technical Support representative. For the
current number, refer to the Assistance Resources
Brochure that was included with your system. Before you
call, please complete the ADAC Ultra2 S466 Problem
Report form on the next page.
Web Site
We invite you to access the Gateway world wide web site
at:
http://www.gateway.com.
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ADAC Ultra2 S466 Problem Report Form
Customer Information
ADAC Ultra2 S466 Information
Name
Today’s Date
Company
Address
City/State
Country
email address
Phone
Date of Purchase
Invoice Number
Serial Number
Cache Memory
Firmware Version
BIOS Version
Fax
System Information
Motherboard:
BIOS manufacturer:
BIOS Date:
Video Adapter:
CPU Type/Speed:
Operating System:
Op. Sys. Ver.:
ADAC Ultra2 S466
Driver Ver.:
Network Card:
Other disk controllers
installed:
System Memory:
Other adapter cards
installed:
Description of problem:
Steps necessary to re-create problem:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Logical Drive Configuration
Logical Drive
Size
# of Physical
Drives
Logical RAID
Stripe
Size
Cache
Policy
Read
Policy
Write
Policy
Drive
LD1
LD2
LD3
LD4
LD5
LD6
LD7
LD8
Level
Preface
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Physical Device Layout
Channel 1
Target ID
Device Type
Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number
Manufacturer/Model Number
Firmware level
Target ID
Device Type
Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number
Manufacturer/Model Number
Firmware level
Target ID
Device Type
Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number
Manufacturer/Model Number
Firmware level
Target ID
Device Type
Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number
Manufacturer/Model Number
Firmware level
Target ID
Device Type
Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number
Manufacturer/Model Number
Firmware level
Target ID
Device Type
Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number
Manufacturer/Model Number
Firmware level
Target ID
Device Type
Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number
Manufacturer/Model Number
Firmware level
Target ID
Device Type
Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number
Manufacturer/Model Number
Firmware level
Target ID
Device Type
Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number
x
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Channel 1
Manufacturer/Model Number
Firmware level
Target ID
Device Type
Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number
Manufacturer/Model Number
Firmware level
Target ID
Device Type
Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number
Manufacturer/Model Number
Firmware level
Target ID
Device Type
Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number
Manufacturer/Model Number
Firmware level
Target ID
Device Type
Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number
Manufacturer/Model Number
Firmware level
Target ID
Device Type
Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number
Manufacturer/Model Number
Firmware level
Target ID
Device Type
Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number
Manufacturer/Model Number
Firmware level
Preface
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Preface, Continued
Disclaimer
This manual describes the operation of the Gateway ADAC
Ultra2 S466 Disk Array Controller. Although efforts have been
made to assure the accuracy of the information contained here,
Gateway expressly disclaims liability for any error in this
information, and for damages, whether direct, indirect, special,
exemplary, consequential or otherwise, that may result from such
error, including but not limited to the loss of profits resulting
from the use or misuse of the manual or information contained
therein (even if Gateway has been advised of the possibility of
such damages). Any questions or comments regarding this
document or its contents should be addressed to Gateway at the
address shown on the cover.
Gateway provides this publication “as is” without warranty of
any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited
to, the implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a
specific purpose.
Some states do not allow disclaimer of express or implied
warranties or the limitation or exclusion of liability for indirect,
special, exemplary, incidental or consequential damages in
certain transactions; therefore, this statement may not apply to
you. Also, you may have other rights which vary from
jurisdiction to jurisdiction.
This publication could include technical inaccuracies or
typographical errors. Changes are periodically made to the
information herein; these changes will be incorporated in new
editions of the publication. Gateway may make improvements
and/or revisions in the product(s) and/or the program(s)
described in this publication at any time.
Requests for technical information about Gateway products
should be made to your Gateway representative.
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FCC Regulatory Statement
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to
the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful
interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received,
including interference that may cause undesired operation.
Warning: Changes or modifications to this unit not expressly approved
by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority
to operate the equipment.
Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits
for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These
limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful
interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and
can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in
accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio
communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not
occur in a specific installation. If this equipment does cause harmful
interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by
turning the equipment off and on, try to correct the interference by one or
more of the following measures:
1)
2)
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
Increase the separation between the equipment and
the receiver.
3)
4)
Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from
that to which the receiver is connected.
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician
for help.
Shielded interface cables must be used with this product to ensure
compliance with the Class B FCC limits.
Gateway ADAC Ultra2 S466 PCI RAID Controller
Model Number:
FCC ID Number:
Series 466
IUESER466
Preface
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Disclaimer
Gateway only certifies that this product will work correctly when this
product is used with the same jumper settings, the same system
configuration, the same memory module parts, and the same
peripherals that were tested by Gateway with this product. The
complete list of tested jumper settings, system configurations,
peripheral devices, and memory modules are documented in the
Gateway Compatibility Report for this product. Call your Gateway
sales representative for a copy of the Compatibility Report for this
product.
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1 Overview
The ADAC Ultra2 S466 PCI RAID controller is a high
performance intelligent PCI-to-SCSI host adapter with
RAID control capabilities. The ADAC Ultra2 S466
provides reliability, high performance, and fault-tolerant
disk subsystem management. The ADAC Ultra2 S466 is an
entry level-to mid-range RAID controller solution. ADAC
Ultra2 S466 offers a cost-effective way to implement
RAID in a server. The ADAC Ultra2 S466 has an Ultra
and Wide SCSI channel supporting data transfer rates up to
80 Megabytes per second (MB/s) per channel. The SCSI
channel supports up to fifteen non-Ultra SCSI devices.
ADAC Ultra2 S466 Features ADAC Ultra2 S466 features:
provides a high performance I/O migration path while
•
preserving existing PCI-SCSI software,
•
•
•
•
Performs SCSI data transfers up to 80 MB/s,
performs synchronous operation on a wide LVD SCSI bus,
allows up to 15 LVD SCSI devices on the wide bus,
includes an Intel® i960RP that performs RAID calculations
and routing and
•
supports 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, or 128 MB of Fast Page Mode or
EDO DRAM cache memory in a SIMM socket used for read
and write-back caching and RAID 5 parity generation.
SCSI Channel The ADAC Ultra2 S466 upgrade card includes one Fast-20
SCSI channel. The channel is powered by a Symbios Logic
53C895 (Fast-40) SCSI processor.
NVRAM and Flash ROM A 32 KB x 8 NVRAM stores RAID system
configuration information. The ADAC Ultra2 S466
firmware is stored in flash ROM for easy upgrade.
SCSI Connectors ADAC Ultra2 S466 has one ultra high density 68-pin
external connector for external storage subsystem and one
high density 68-pin internal connector.
Chapter 1 Overview
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1
Single Ended and Differential SCSI Buses
The SCSI standard defines two electrical buses:
•
•
a single ended bus and
low-voltage differential bus.
Maximum Cable Length for SCSI Standards
Standard
Single ended
LVD
Maximum Number
of Drives
SCSI I
Fast SCSI
Fast Wide SCSI
Ultra SCSI
Ultra SCSI
Wide Ultra SCSI
Wide Ultra SCSI
Wide Ultra SCSI
Ultra 2 SCSI
Ultra 2 SCSI
Wide Ultra 2 SCSI
Wide Ultra 2 SCSI
6 m
6 m
6 m
1.5 m
3 m
12 m
12 m
12 m
12 m
12 m
12 m
12 m
12 m
25 m
12 m
25 m
12 m
7
7
15
7
3
15
7
3
1
7
1
1.5 m
3 m
15
SCSI Bus Widths and Maximum Throughput
SCSI Standard
SCSI I
SCSI Bus Width
8 bits
SCSI Throughput
5 MB/s
Fast SCSI
8 bits
10 MB/s
Fast Wide SCSI
Ultra SCSI
16 bits
8 bits
20 MB/s
20 MB/s
Wide Ultra SCSI
Ultra 2 SCSI
Wide Ultra 2 SCSI
16 bits
8 bits
16 bits
40 MB/s
40 MB/s
80 MB/s
2
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Documentation
The ADAC Ultra2 S466 documentation set includes:
Using ADAC Ultra2 S466 Manuals This manual contains the RAID
overview, RAID planning, and RAID system configuration
information you will need first. Read the ADAC Ultra2
S466 Hardware Guide first.
ADAC Ultra2 S466 Configuration Software Guide This manual describes
the software configuration utilities that configure and
modify RAID systems.
ADAC Ultra2 S466 Operating System Drivers Guide This manual provides
detailed information about installing the ADAC Ultra2
S466 operating system drivers.
Chapter 1 Overview
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3
ADAC Ultra2 S466 Block Diagram
4
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2 Introduction to RAID
RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) is an array
of multiple independent hard disk drives that provide high
performance and fault tolerance. A RAID disk subsystem
improves I/O performance over a computer using only a
single drive. The RAID array appears to the host computer
as a single storage unit or as multiple logical units. I/O is
expedited because several disks can be accessed
simultaneously. RAID systems improve data storage
reliability and fault tolerance compared to single-drive
computers. Data loss because of a disk drive failure can be
recovered by reconstructing missing data from the
remaining data and parity drives.
RAID Benefits
RAID has gained popularity because it: improves I/O
performance, and increases storage subsystem reliability.
RAID provides data security through fault tolerance and
redundant data storage. The ADAC Ultra2 S466
management software configures and monitors RAID disk
arrays.
Improved I/O Although disk drive capabilities have improved drastically,
actual performance has improved only three to four times
in the last decade. Computing performance has improved
over 50 times during the same time period.
Increased Reliability The electromechanical components of a disk
subsystem operate more slowly, require more power, and
generate more noise and vibration than electronic devices.
These factors reduce the reliability of data stored on disks.
Chapter 2 Introduction to RAID
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5
In This Chapter
The following topics are discussed:
Major Topic
Host-based solution
RAID overview
Subtopic
turn to
page 7
page 8
Consistency check
Fault tolerance
Disk striping
Disk spanning
Disk mirroring
Parity
page 8
page 8
page 9
page 10
page 11
page 12
page 13
page 14
page 19
page 20
page 21
page 22
page 23
page 25
page 26
page 27
page 28
Hot spares
Disk rebuilds
RAID levels
Selecting a RAID level
RAID 0
RAID 1
RAID 3
RAID 5
RAID 10
RAID 30
RAID 50
6
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ADAC Ultra2 S466 – Host-Based RAID Solution
RAID products are either:
•
•
host-based or
SCSI-to-SCSI.
The ADAC Ultra2 S466 controller is a host-based RAID
solution. ADAC Ultra2 S466 is a PCI adapter card that is
installed in any available PCI expansion slot in a host
system.
Host-Based
A host-based RAID product puts all of the RAID
intelligence on an adapter card that is installed in a network
server. A host-based RAID product provides the best
performance. ADAC Ultra2 S466 is part of the file server,
so it can transmit data directly across the computer’s buses
at data transfer speeds up to 132 MB/s.
The available sequential data transfer rate is determined by
the following factors:
•
•
the sustained data transfer rate on the motherboard
PCI bus,
the sustained data transfer rate on the i960RP PCI to
PCI bridge,
•
•
•
•
the sustained data transfer rate of the SCSI controller,
the sustained data transfer rate of the SCSI devices,
the number of SCSI channels, and
the number of SCSI disk drives.
Host-based solutions must provide operating system-
specific drivers.
SCSI-to-SCSI A SCSI-to-SCSI RAID product puts the RAID intelligence
inside the RAID chassis and uses a plain SCSI Host
Adapter installed in the network server. The data transfer
rate is limited to the bandwidth of the SCSI channel. A
SCSI-to-SCSI RAID product that has two wide SCSI
channels that operate at speeds up to 80 MB/s must
squeeze the data into a single wide SCSI (40 MB/s)
channel back to the host computer.
In SCSI-to-SCSI RAID products, the hard drive subsystem
uses only a single SCSI ID, which allows you to connect
multiple drive subsystems to a single SCSI controller.
Chapter 2 Introduction to RAID
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7
RAID Overview
RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) is a
collection of specifications that describe a system for
ensuring the reliability and stability of data stored on large
disk subsystems. A RAID system can be implemented in a
number of different versions (or RAID Levels). The
standard RAID levels are 0, 1, 3, and 5. ADAC Ultra2
S466 supports all standard RAID levels and RAID levels
10, 30, and 50, special RAID versions supported by ADAC
Ultra2 S466.
Consistency Check
In RAID, check consistency verifies the correctness of
redundant data in an array. For example, in a system with
dedicated parity, checking consistency means computing
the parity of the data drives and comparing the results to
the contents of the dedicated parity drive.
Fault Tolerance
Fault tolerance is achieved through cooling fans, power
supplies, and the ability to hot swap drives. ADAC Ultra2
S466 provides hot swapping through the hot spare feature.
A hot spare drive is an unused online available drive that
ADAC Ultra2 S466 instantly plugs into the system when
an active drive fails.
After the hot spare is automatically moved into the RAID
subsystem, the failed drive is automatically rebuilt. The
RAID disk array continues to handle request while the
rebuild occurs.
8
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Disk Striping
Disk striping writes data across multiple disk drives instead
of just one disk drive. Disk striping involves partitioning
each drive storage space into stripes that can vary in size
from 2 KB to 128 KB. These stripes are interleaved in a
repeated sequential manner. The combined storage space is
composed of stripes from each drive. ADAC Ultra2 S466
supports stripe sizes of 2 KB, 4 KB, 8 KB, 16 KB, 32 KB,
64 KB, or 128 KB.
For example, in a four-disk system using only disk striping
(as in RAID level 0), segment 1 is written to disk 1,
segment 2 is written to disk 2, and so on. Disk striping
enhances performance because multiple drives are
accessed simultaneously; but disk striping does not provide
data redundancy.
Stripe Width
Stripe Size
Stripe width is the number of disks involved in an array
where striping is implemented. For example, a four-disk
array with disk striping has a stripe width of four.
The stripe size is the length of the interleaved data
segments that ADAC Ultra2 S466 writes across multiple
drives. ADAC Ultra2 S466 supports stripe sizes of 2 KB, 4
KB, 8 KB, 16 KB, 32 KB, 64 KB, or 128 KB.
Chapter 2 Introduction to RAID
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9
Disk Spanning
Disk spanning allows multiple disk drives to function like
one big drive. Spanning overcomes lack of disk space and
simplifies storage management by combining existing
resources or adding relatively inexpensive resources. For
example, four 400 MB disk drives can be combined to
appear to the operating system as one single 1600 MB
drive.
Spanning alone does not provide reliability or performance
enhancements. Spanned logical drives must have the same
stripe size and must be contiguous. In the following
graphic, RAID 1 array is turned into a RAID 10 array.
Spanning for RAID 10, RAID 30, or RAID 50
Level
Description
10
Configure RAID 10 by spanning two contiguous RAID 1 logical drives.
The RAID 1 logical drives must have the same stripe size.
30
50
Configure RAID 30 by spanning two contiguous RAID 3 logical drives.
The RAID 3 logical drives must have the same stripe size.
Configure RAID 50 by spanning two contiguous RAID 5 logical drives.
The RAID 5 logical drives must have the same stripe size.
Spanning two contiguous RAID 0 logical drives does not produce a new
RAID level or add fault tolerance. It does increase the size of the logical
volume and improves performance by doubling the number of spindles.
Note:
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Disk Mirroring
With mirroring (used in RAID 1), data written to one disk
drive is simultaneously written to another disk drive. If one
disk drive fails, the contents of the other disk drive can be
used to run the system and reconstruct the failed drive. The
primary advantage of disk mirroring is that it provides
100% data redundancy. Since the contents of the disk drive
are completely written to a second drive, it does not matter
if one of the drives fails. Both drives contain the same data
at all times. Either drive can act as the operational drive.
Disk mirroring provides 100% redundancy, but is
expensive because each drive in the system must be
duplicated.
Chapter 2 Introduction to RAID
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11
Parity
Parity generates a set of redundancy data from two or more
parent data sets. The redundancy data can be used to
reconstruct one of the parent data sets. Parity data does not
fully duplicate the parent data sets. In RAID, this method is
applied to entire drives or stripes across all disk drives in
an array. The types of parity are:
Type
Description
Dedicated Parity The parity of the data on two or more disk drives is
stored on an additional disk.
Distributed
Parity
The parity data is distributed across all drives in the
system.
If a single disk drive fails, it can be rebuilt from the parity
and the data on the remaining drives.
RAID level 3 combines dedicated parity with disk striping.
The parity disk in RAID 3 is the last logical drive in a
RAID set.
RAID level 5 combines distributed parity with disk
striping. Parity provides redundancy for one drive failure
without duplicating the contents of entire disk drives, but
parity generation can slow the write process. A dedicated
parity scheme during normal read/write operations is
shown below:
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Hot Spares
A hot spare is an extra, unused disk drive that is part of the
disk subsystem. It is usually in standby mode, ready for
service if a drive fails. Hot spares permit you to replace
failed drives without system shutdown or user intervention.
ADAC Ultra2 S466 implements automatic and transparent
rebuilds using hot spare drives, providing a high degree of
fault tolerance and zero downtime. The ADAC Ultra2
S466 RAID Management software allows you to specify
physical drives as hot spares. When a hot spare is needed,
the ADAC Ultra2 S466 controller assigns the hot spare that
has a capacity closest to and at least as great as that of the
failed drive to take the place of the failed drive.
Important
Hot spares are only employed in arrays with redundancy, for
example, RAID levels 1, 3, 5, 10, 30, and 50.
A hot spare connected to a specific ADAC Ultra2 S466
controller can only be used to rebuild a drive that is
connected to the same controller.
Chapter 2 Introduction to RAID
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13
Disk Rebuild
You rebuild a disk drive by recreating the data that had
been stored on the drive before the drive failed.
Rebuilding can be done only in arrays with data
redundancy such as RAID level 1, 3, 5, 10, 30, and 50.
Standby (warm spare) rebuild is employed in a mirrored
(RAID 1) system. If a disk drive fails, an identical drive is
immediately available. The primary data source disk drive
is the original disk drive.
A hot spare can be used to rebuild disk drives in RAID 1,
3, 5, 10, 30, or 50 systems. If a hot spare is not available,
the failed disk drive must be replaced with a new disk drive
so that the data on the failed drive can be rebuilt.
The ADAC Ultra2 S466 controller automatically and
transparently rebuilds failed drives with user-definable
rebuild rates. If a hot spare is available, the rebuild starts
automatically when a drive fails. ADAC Ultra2 S466
automatically restarts the system and the rebuild if the
system goes down during a rebuild.
Rebuild Rate
The rebuild rate is the fraction of the compute cycles
dedicated to rebuilding failed drives. A rebuild rate of 100
percent means the system is totally dedicated to rebuilding
the failed drive.
The ADAC Ultra2 S466 rebuild rate can be configured
between 0% and 100%. At 0%, the rebuild is only done if
the system is not doing anything else. At 100%, the rebuild
has a higher priority than any other system activity.
Physical Array A RAID array is a collection of physical disk drives
governed by the RAID management software. A RAID
array appears to the host computer as one or more logical
drives.
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Logical Drive
A logical drive is a partition in a physical array of disks
that is made up of contiguous data segments on the
physical disks. A logical drive can consist of any of the
following:
•
•
•
•
an entire physical array,
more than one entire physical array,
a part of an array,
parts of more than one array, or
•
a combination of any two of the above conditions.
Hot Swap
A hot swap is the manual replacement of a defective
physical disk unit while the computer is still running. When
a new drive has been installed, you must issue a command
to rebuild the drive.
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15
SCSI Drive States
A SCSI disk drive can be in one of these states:
State
Description
Online
(ONLIN)
Ready
(READY)
Hot Spare
(HOTSP)
Fail
The drive is functioning normally and is a part of a configured
logical drive.
The drive is functioning normally but is not part of a configured
logical drive and is not designated as a hot spare.
The drive is powered up and ready for use as a spare in case an
online drive fails.
A fault has occurred in the drive placing it out of service.
(FAIL)
Rebuild
(REB)
The drive is being rebuilt with data from a failed drive.
Logical Drive States
State
Description
Optimal
The drive operating condition is good. All configured drives are
online
Degraded
The drive operating condition is not optimal. One of the
configured drives has failed or is offline.
The drive has failed.
Failed
Offline
The drive is not available to ADAC Ultra2 S466.
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Disk Array Types
The RAID disk array types are:
Type
Description
Software-
Based
The array is managed by software running in a host computer using
the host CPU bandwidth. The disadvantages associated with this
method are the load on the host CPU and the need for different
software for each operating system.
SCSI to SCSI The array controller resides outside of the host computer and
communicates with the host through a SCSI adapter in the host.
The array management software runs in the controller. It is
transparent to the host and independent of the host operating
system. The disadvantage is the limited data transfer rate of the
SCSI channel between the SCSI adapter and the array controller.
Bus-Based
The array controller resides on the bus (for example, a PCI or
EISA bus) in the host computer and has its own CPU to generate
the parity and handle other RAID functions. A bus-based controller
can transfer data at the speed of the host bus (PCI, ISA, EISA, VL-
Bus) but is limited to the bus it is designed for. ADAC Ultra2 S466
resides on a PCI bus, which can handle data transfer at up to 132
MB/s. With ADAC Ultra2 S466, the channel can handle data
transfer rates up to 80 MB/s per SCSI channel.
Enclosure Management
Enclosure management is the intelligent monitoring of the
disk subsystem by software and/or hardware.
The disk subsystem can be part of the host computer or
separate from it. Enclosure management helps you stay
informed of events in the disk subsystem, such as a drive or
power supply failure. Enclosure management increases the
fault tolerance of the disk subsystem.
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17
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3 RAID Levels
There are six official RAID levels (RAID 0 through RAID
5). ADAC Ultra2 S466 supports RAID levels 0, 1, 3, and
5. Gateway has designed three additional RAID levels (10,
30, and 50) that provide additional benefits. The RAID
levels that ADAC Ultra2 S466 supports are:
RAID Level
Type
Standard
Standard
Standard
Standard
turn to
page 21
page 22
page 23
page 25
page 26
page 27
page 28
0
1
3
5
10
30
50
ADAC Ultra2 S466 only
ADAC Ultra2 S466 only
ADAC Ultra2 S466 only
Select RAID Level To ensure the best performance, you should select the
optimal RAID level when you create a system drive. The
optimal RAID level for your disk array depends on a
number of factors:
•
•
•
•
the number of drives in the disk array,
the capacity of the drives in the array,
the need for data redundancy, and
the disk performance requirements.
Selecting a RAID Level The factors you need to consider when selecting a
RAID level are listed on the next page
Chapter 3 RAID Levels
19
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Selecting a RAID Level
Level
Description and
Use
Data divided in
blocks and
Pros
Cons
No fault
tolerance. All
data lost if
any drive
fails.
Max.
Drives
One to
32
Fault
Tolerant
No
0
High data
throughput
for large
files
distributed
sequentially (pure
striping). Use for
non-critical data
that requires high
performance.
1
3
5
Data duplicated on
another disk
(mirroring). Use
for read-intensive
fault-tolerant
100% data
redundancy space.
Reduced
Doubles disk
2, 4, 6,
or 8
Yes
Yes
Yes
performance
during
rebuilds.
Performance
not as good as
systems
Disk striping with a Achieves
Three to
eight
dedicated parity
drive. Use for non-
interactive apps
that process large
files sequentially.
Disk striping and
parity data across
all drives. Use for
high read volume
but low write
data
redundancy RAID 1
at low cost
Achieves
data
redundancy RAID 1
at low cost
Performance
not as good as
Three to
eight
volume, such as
transaction
processing.
10
Data striping and
mirrored drives.
High data
transfers,
complete
redundancy
More
complicated
4, 6, or
8
Yes
30
50
Disk striping with a High data
More
complicated
Six to
32
Yes
Yes
dedicated parity
drive.
Disk striping and
parity data across
all drives.
transfers,
redundancy
High data
transfers,
More
complicated
Six to
32
redundancy
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RAID 0
RAID 0 provides disk striping across all drives in the
RAID subsystem. RAID 0 does not provide any data
redundancy, but does offer the best performance of any
RAID level. RAID 0 breaks up data into smaller blocks
and then writes a block to each drive in the array. The size
of each block is determined by the stripe size parameter,
set during the creation of the RAID set. RAID 0 offers high
bandwidth. By breaking up a large file into smaller blocks,
ADAC Ultra2 S466 can use several drives to read or write
the file faster. RAID 0 involves no parity calculations to
complicate the write operation. This makes RAID 0 ideal
for applications that require high bandwidth but do not
require fault tolerance.
RAID 0 provides high data throughput, especially for large
files. Any environment hat does not require fault tolerance.
Uses
Provides increased data throughput for large files. No
capacity loss penalty for parity.
Strong Points
Weak Points
Drives
Does not provide fault tolerance. All data lost if any drive
fails.
One to 32
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21
RAID 1
In RAID 1, ADAC Ultra2 S466 duplicates all data from
one drive to a second drive. RAID 1 provides complete
data redundancy, but at the cost of doubling the required
data storage capacity.
Use RAID 1 for small databases or any other environment
that requires fault tolerance but small capacity.
Uses
RAID 1 provides complete data redundancy. RAID 1 is
ideal for any application that requires fault tolerance and
minimal capacity.
Strong Points
RAID 1 requires twice as many disk drives. Performance is
impaired during drive rebuilds.
Weak Points
Drives
2, 4, 6, or 8 drives.
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RAID 3
RAID 3 provides disk striping and complete data
redundancy though a dedicated parity drive. The stripe size
must be 64 KB if RAID 3 is used. RAID 3 handles data at
the block level, not the byte level, so it is ideal for
networks that often handle very large files, such as graphic
images. RAID 3 breaks up data into smaller blocks,
calculates parity by performing an exclusive-or on the
blocks, and then writes the blocks to all but one drive in
the array. The parity data created during the exclusive-or is
then written to the last drive in the array. The size of each
block is determined by the stripe size parameter, which is
set during the creation of the RAID set. If a single drive
fails, a RAID 3 array continues to operate in degraded
mode. If the failed drive is a data drive, writes will
continue as normal, except no data is written to the failed
drive. Reads reconstruct the data on the failed drive by
performing an exclusive-or operation on the remaining data
in the stripe and the parity for that stripe. If the failed drive
is a parity drive, writes will occur as normal, except no
parity is written. Reads retrieve data from the disks.
Best suited for applications such as graphics, imaging, or
video that call for reading and writing huge, sequential
blocks of data.
Uses
Provides data redundancy and high data transfer rates.
The dedicated parity disk is a bottleneck with random I/O.
Three to eight
Strong Points
Weak Points
Drives
Cont’d
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23
RAID 3, Continued
RAID 5 vs RAID 3 You may find that RAID 5 is preferable to RAID 3 even
for applications characterized by sequential reads and
writes, because ADAC Ultra2 S466 has very robust
caching algorithms.
The benefits of RAID 3 disappear if there are many small
I/O operations scattered randomly and widely across the
disks in the logical drive. The RAID 3 fixed parity disk
becomes a bottleneck in such applications. For example:
The host attempts to make two small writes and the writes
are widely scattered, involving two different stripes and
different disk drives. Ideally both writes should take place
at the same time. But this is not possible in RAID 3, since
the writes must take turns accessing the fixed parity drive.
For this reason, RAID 5 is the clear choice in this scenario.
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RAID 5
RAID 5 includes disk striping at the byte level and parity.
In RAID 5, the parity information is written to several
drives. RAID 5 is best suited for networks that perform a
lot of small I/O transactions simultaneously.
RAID 5 addresses the bottleneck issue for random I/O
operations. Since each drive contains both data and parity
numerous writes can take place concurrently. In addition,
robust caching algorithms and hardware based exclusive-or
assist make RAID 5 performance exceptional in many
different environments.
RAID 5 provides high data throughput, especially for large
files. Use RAID 5 for transaction processing applications
because each drive can read and write independently. If a
drive fails, ADAC Ultra2 S466 uses the parity drive to
recreate all missing information. Use also for office
automation and online customer service that requires fault
tolerance. Use for any application that has high read request
rates but low write request rates.
Uses
Provides data redundancy and good performance in most
environments
Strong Points
Weak Points
Disk drive performance will be reduced if a drive is being
rebuilt. Environments with few processes do not perform as
well because the RAID overhead is not offset by the
performance gains in handling simultaneous processes.
Three to eight
Drives
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25
RAID 10
RAID 10 is a combination of RAID 0 and RAID 1. RAID
10 has mirrored drives. RAID 10 breaks up data into
smaller blocks, and then stripes the blocks of data to each
RAID 1 raid set. Each RAID 1 raid set then duplicates its
data to its other drive. The size of each block is determined
by the stripe size parameter, which is set during the
creation of the RAID set. RAID 10 can sustain one to four
drive failures while maintaining data integrity if each failed
disk is in a different RAID 1 array.
RAID 10 works best for data storage that must have 100%
redundancy of mirrored arrays and that also needs the
enhanced I/O performance of RAID 0 (striped arrays).
RAID 10 works well for medium-sized databases or any
environment that requires a higher degree of fault tolerance
and moderate to medium capacity.
Uses
RAID 10 provides both high data transfer rates and
complete data redundancy.
RAID 10 requires twice as many drives as all other RAID
levels except RAID 1.
Strong Points
Weak Points
Drives
2n, where n is greater than 1.
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RAID 30
RAID 30 is a combination of RAID 0 and RAID 3. RAID
30 provides high data transfer speeds and high data
reliability. RAID 30 is best implemented on two RAID 3
disk arrays with data striped across both disk arrays. RAID
30 breaks up data into smaller blocks, and then stripes the
blocks of data to each RAID 3 raid set. RAID 3 breaks up
data into smaller blocks, calculates parity by performing an
exclusive-or on the blocks, and then writes the blocks to all
but one drive in the array. The parity data created during
the exclusive-or is then written to the last drive in each
RAID 3 array. The size of each block is determined by the
stripe size parameter, which is set during the creation of the
RAID set.
RAID 30 can sustain one to four drive failures while
maintaining data integrity if each failed disk is in a
different RAID 3 array.
Use RAID 30 for sequentially written and read data, pre-
press and video on demand that requires a higher degree of
fault tolerance and medium to large capacity.
Uses
Provides data reliability and high data transfer rates.
Strong Points
Weak Points
Drives
Requires 2 – 4 times as many parity drives as RAID 3.
Six to 32
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27
RAID 50
RAID 50 provides the features of both RAID 0 and RAID
5. RAID 50 includes both parity and disk striping across
multiple drives. RAID 50 is best implemented on two
RAID 5 disk arrays with data striped across both disk
arrays. RAID 50 breaks up data into smaller blocks, and
then stripes the blocks of data to each RAID 5 raid set.
RAID 5 breaks up data into smaller blocks, calculates
parity by performing an exclusive-or on the blocks, and
then writes the blocks of data and parity to each drive in
the array. The size of each block is determined by the
stripe size parameter, which is set during the creation of the
RAID set.
RAID 50 can sustain one to four drive failures while
maintaining data integrity if each failed disk is in a
different RAID 5 array.
RAID 50 works best when used with data that requires high
reliability, high request rates, and high data transfer and
medium to large capacity.
Uses
RAID 50 provides high data throughput, data redundancy,
and very good performance.
Strong Points
Requires 2 to 4 times as many parity drives as RAID 5.
Weak Points
Drives
Six to 32
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4 ADAC Ultra2 S466 Features
ADAC Ultra2 S466 is a family of high performance
intelligent PCI-to-SCSI host adapters with RAID control
capabilities. ADAC Ultra2 S466 has a SCSI channel that
supports Ultra and Wide SCSI at data transfer rates up to
80 MB/s. The SCSI channel supports up to 15 Wide
devices and up to seven non-Wide devices.
In This Chapter Topics described in this chapter include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
new features,
configuration features,
hardware architecture features,
array performance features,
RAID management features,
fault tolerance features,
utility programs, and
software drivers.
SMART Technology The ADAC Ultra2 S466 Self Monitoring Analysis
and Reporting Technology (SMART) detects up to 70% of
all predictable drive failures. SMART monitors the internal
performance of all motors, heads, and drive electronics.
Configuration on Disk Configuration on Disk (drive roaming) saves
configuration information both in NVRAM on ADAC
Ultra2 S466 and on the disk drives connected to ADAC
Ultra2 S466. If ADAC Ultra2 S466 is replaced, the new
ADAC Ultra2 S466 controller can detect the actual RAID
configuration, maintaining the integrity of the data on each
drive, even if the drives have changed channel and/or
target ID.
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29
Hardware Requirements
ADAC Ultra2 S466 can be installed in an IBM AT®-
compatible or EISA computer with a motherboard that has
5 volt PCI expansion slots. The computer must support
PCI version 2.0 or later. The computer should have an Intel
Pentium, Pentium Pro, or more powerful CPU, a floppy
drive, a color monitor and VGA adapter card, and a
keyboard. A mouse is recommended.
Configuration Features
Specification
RAID Levels
Feature
0, 1, 3, 5, 10, 30, and 50.
SCSI Channels
1
15
PCI 2.1
Maximum number of drives per channel
Array interface to host
Drive interface
Fast and Wide Ultra SE and LVD
4 MB, 8 MB, 16 MB, 32 MB, 64 MB,
or 128 MB
Upgradable cache size
Cache Function
Write-through, write-back, ARA,
NRA, RA
Multiple logical drives/arrays per
controller
Up to 8 logical drives per controller
Maximum number of ADAC Ultra2 S466
controller per system
12
Online capacity expansion
Dedicated and pool hot spare
Flashable firmware
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
1
Hot swap devices supported
Non-disk devices supported
Mixed capacity hard disk drives
Number of 16-bit internal connectors
Number of 16-bit external connectors
Support for hard disk drives with
capacities of more than 8 GB.
Clustering support (Failover control)
Online RAID level migration
RAID remapping
1
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No reboot necessary after expansion
More than 200 Qtags per physical drive
Hardware clustering support on the board
User-specified rebuild rate
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Hardware Architecture Features
The ADAC Ultra2 S466 hardware architecture features
include:
Specification
Processor
Feature
Intel i960RP3V 33
SCSI Controller
Symbios Logic 53C895
Size of Flash ROM
Amount of NVRAM
Hardware XOR assistance
Direct I/O
1 MB
32 KB
No
Yes
Removable cache memory module
SCSI bus termination
Double-sided SIMMs
Auxiliary TermPWR source
Direct I/O bandwidth
Yes
Active, single-ended or LVD
Yes
No
132 MB/s
Array Performance Features
The ADAC Ultra2 S466 array performance features
include:
Specification
Feature
Host data transfer rate
Drive data transfer rate
Maximum Scatter/Gathers
Maximum size of I/O requests
Maximum Queue Tags per drive
Stripe Sizes
132 MB/s
80 MB/s
26 elements
6.4 MB in 64 KB stripes
211
2 KB, 4 KB, 8 KB, 16 KB, 32 KB, 64
KB, or 128 KB
Maximum number of concurrent
commands
255
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31
RAID Management Features
The ADAC Ultra2 S466 RAID management features
include:
Specification
Support for SNMP
Feature
Yes
Performance Monitor provided
Remote control and monitoring
Event broadcast and event alert
Hardware connector
Yes
Yes
Yes
RS232C
Yes
Drive roaming
Support for concurrent multiple stripe
sizes
Yes
Web-based management tools
Windows NT and NetWare server
support via GUI client utility
SCO Unix, OS/2, and UnixWare
server support via GUI client utility
DMI support
Not released yet
Yes
Yes
Yes
Management through an industry-
standard browser
Not released yet
Fault Tolerance Features
The ADAC Ultra2 S466 fault tolerance features include:
Specification
Support for SMART
Feature
Yes
Enclosure management
Drive failure detection
Drive rebuild using hot spares
Parity Generation and checking
SAF-TE compliant
Automatic
Automatic
Software
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Software Utilities
The ADAC Ultra2 S466 software utility features include:
Specification
Graphical user interface
Management utility
Feature
Yes
Yes
Bootup configuration via ADAC Configuration Manager
Online Read, Write, and cache policy switching
Internet and intranet support through TCP/IP
Yes
Yes
Yes
Operating System Software Drivers
Operating System Drivers ADAC Ultra2 S466 includes a DOS software
configuration utility and drivers for:
•
•
•
•
•
Windows NT V4.0
Novell NetWare 4.x,
OS/2,
SCO UnixWare 2.1x, and
SCO Open Server R5.0x
The DOS drivers for ADAC Ultra2 S466 are contained in
the firmware on ADAC Ultra2 S466 except the DOS ASPI
and CD-ROM drivers. Call your Gateway OEM support
representative for information about drivers for other
operating systems.
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33
ADAC Ultra2 S466 Specifications
Parameter
Card Size
Processor
Specification
7.375" x 4.2" (half length PCI)
Intel i960RP™ 32-bit RISC processor @ 33 MHz
PCI 2.1
Bus Type
PCI Controller
Bus Data Transfer Rate
BIOS
Intel i960RP
Up to 132 MB/s
AMIBIOS ADAC Ultra2 S466 BIOS
4, 8, 16, 32, 64, or 128 MB through a 60 ns × 36
Fast Page Mode or EDO 72-pin SIMM.
1 MB × 8 flash ROM
32 KB × 8 for storing RAID configuration
5.00 V ± 0.25 V
Cache Configuration
Firmware
Nonvolatile RAM
Operating Voltage
SCSI Controller
SCSI Data Transfer
Rate
One SCSI controller for Ultra and Wide support.
Up to 80 MB/s
SCSI Bus
LVD or single-ended
SCSI Termination
Termination Disable
Devices per SCSI
Channel
Active
Automatic through cable and device detection
Up to 15 wide or seven non-wide SCSI devices. Up
to 6 non-disk SCSI drives per ADAC Ultra2 S466
controller.
SCSI Device Types
Supported
Synchronous or Asynchronous. Disk and non-disk.
RAID Levels Supported 0, 1, 3, 5,10, 30, and 50
SCSI Connectors
One 68-pin internal high-density connector for 16-
bit SCSI devices. One ultra-high density 68-pin
external connector for Ultra and Wide SCSI.
9-pin RS232C-compatible berg
Serial Port
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PCI Bridge/CPU
ADAC Ultra2 S466 uses the Intel i960RP PCI bridge with
an embedded 80960JF RISC processor running at 33 MHz.
The RP bridge handles data transfers between the primary
(host) PCI bus, the secondary PCI bus, cache memory, and
the SCSI bus. The DMA controller supports chaining and
unaligned data transfers. The embedded 80960JF CPU
directs all controller functions, including command
processing, SCSI bus transfers, RAID processing, drive
rebuilding, cache management, and error recovery.
Cache Memory
ADAC Ultra2 S466 cache memory resides in a memory
bank that uses 1 MB x 36, 4 MB x 36, 16 MB x 36, or 32
MB x 36 72-pin 60 or 70 ns Fast Page Mode or EDO
SIMMs. Possible configurations are 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, or 128
MB.
ADAC Ultra2 S466 supports write-through or write-back
caching, selectable for each logical drive. To improve
performance in sequential disk accesses, the ADAC Ultra2
S466 controller uses read-ahead caching by default. You
can disable read-ahead caching.
ADAC Ultra2 S466 BIOS
The BIOS resides on a 1 MB × 8 flash ROM for easy
upgrade. The ADAC Ultra2 S466 BIOS supports INT 13h
calls to boot DOS without special software or device
drivers. The ADAC Ultra2 S466 BIOS provides an
extensive setup utility that can be accessed by pressing
<Ctrl> <M> at BIOS initialization. ADAC BIOS Setup is
described in the ADAC Ultra2 S466 Configuration
Software Guide.
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35
Onboard Speaker
The ADAC Ultra2 S466 controller has an onboard tone
generator for audible warnings when system errors occur.
Audible warnings can be generated through this speaker.
The audible warnings are listed on page 93.
Serial Port
SCSI Bus
ADAC Ultra2 S466 includes a 9-pin RS232C-compatible
serial port berg connector, which can connect to
communications devices.
ADAC Ultra2 S466 has a Fast and Wide SCSI channel that
supports both LVD and single-ended devices with active
termination. Synchronous and asynchronous devices are
supported. ADAC Ultra2 S466 provides automatic
termination disable via cable detection. The SCSI channel
supports up to 15 wide or seven non-wide SCSI devices at
speeds up to 80 MB/s. ADAC Ultra2 S466 supports up to
six non-disk devices per controller.
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SCSI Connectors
ADAC Ultra2 S466 has two types of SCSI connectors:
•
•
a 68-pin high density internal connector and
a 68-pin external ultra-high-density connector.
Both connector types can be used for the SCSI channel.
SCSI Termination
ADAC Ultra2 S466 uses active termination on the SCSI
bus conforming to Alternative 2 of the SCSI-2
specifications. Termination enable/disable is automatic
through cable detection.
SCSI Firmware
The ADAC Ultra2 S466 firmware handles all RAID and
SCSI command processing and also supports:
Feature
Description
Disconnect/
Reconnect
Optimizes SCSI Bus seek.
Tagged Command Multiple tags to improve random access
Queuing
Scatter/Gather
Multiple address/count pairs
Multi-threading
Up to 255 simultaneous commands with elevator sorting and
concatenation of requests per SCSI channel
Variable for all logical drives: 2 KB, 4 KB, 8 KB, 16 KB, 32
KB, 64 KB, or 128 KB.
Multiple rebuilds and consistency checks with user-
definable priority.
Stripe Size
Rebuild
Chapter 4 Features
37
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RAID Management
RAID management is provided by software utilities that
manage and configure the RAID system and ADAC Ultra2
S466, create and manage multiple disk arrays, control and
monitor multiple RAID servers, provide error statistics
logging, and provide online maintenance. They include:
•
•
•
•
ADAC BIOS Setup,
Power Console Plus,
ADAC Manager
General Alert Module.
ADAC BIOS Setup BIOS Setup configures and maintains RAID arrays,
formats disk drives, and manages the RAID system. It is
independent of any operating system. See the ADAC
Ultra2 S466 Configuration Software Guide for additional
information.
Power Console Plus Power Console Plus runs in Windows NT. It
configures, monitors, and maintains multiple RAID servers
from any network node or a remote location. See the
ADAC Ultra2 S466 Configuration Software Guide for
additional information.
ADAC Configuration Manager This is a character-based utility that works
in DOS, SCO Unix SVR3.2 R4.2, SCO UnixWare, OS/2
2.x, OS/2 Warp, and Novell NetWare 3.x and 4.x. See the
ADAC Ultra2 S466 Configuration Software Guide for
additional information.
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Fault-Tolerance Features
The ADAC Ultra2 S466 fault-tolerance features are:
•
•
automatic failed drive detection,
automatic failed drive rebuild with no user
intervention required,
•
•
hot swap manual replacement without bringing the
system down, and
SAF-TE compliant enclosure management.
Detect Failed Drive The ADAC Ultra2 S466 firmware automatically detects
and rebuilds failed drives. This can be done transparently
with hot spares.
Hot Swap
ADAC Ultra2 S466 supports the manual replacement of a
disk unit in the RAID subsystem without system shutdown.
Chapter 4 Features
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Compatibility
ADAC Ultra2 S466 compatibility issues include:
•
•
•
server management,
SCSI device compatibility, and
software compatibility
Server Management As an SNMP agent, ADAC Ultra2 S466 supports all
SNMP managers and RedAlert from Storage Dimensions.
SCSI Device Compatibility ADAC Ultra2 S466 supports SCSI hard disk
drives, CD-ROMs, tape drives, optical drives, DAT drives
and other SCSI peripheral devices.
Software
All SCSI backup and utility software should work with
ADAC Ultra2 S466. Software that has been tested and
approved for use with ADAC Ultra2 S466 includes
Cheyenne®, CorelSCSI®, Arcserve®, and Novaback®.
This software is not provided with ADAC Ultra2 S466.
Summary
ADAC Ultra2 S466 Features were discussed in this
chapter.
Hardware installation is discussed in Chapter 6.
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5 Configuring ADAC Ultra2
S466
Configuring SCSI Physical Drives
SCSI Channel Physical SCSI drives must be organized into logical drives.
The arrays and logical drives that you construct must be
able to support the RAID level that you select.
Your ADAC Ultra2 S466 adapter has one SCSI channel.
Basic Configuration Rules You should observe the following guidelines
when connecting and configuring SCSI devices in a RAID
array:
•
•
•
•
attach non-disk SCSI devices to a single SCSI channel
that does not have any disk drives,
you can place up to eight physical disk drives in an
array,
include all drives that have the same capacity to the
same array,
make sure any hot spare has a capacity that is at least
as large as the largest drive that may be replaced by
the hot spare, and
•
when replacing a failed drive, make sure that the
replacement drive has a capacity that is at least as
large as the drive being replaced.
Chapter 5 Configuring ADAC Ultra2 S466
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Current Configuration
SCSI ID
Device Description
SCSI Channel 1
Termination?
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Logical Drive Configuration
Logical RAID
Stripe
Size
Logical Drive
Size
Cache
Policy
Read
Policy
Write
Policy
# of
Physical
Drives
Drive
Level
LD1
LD2
LD3
LD4
LD5
LD6
LD7
LD8
Cont’d
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Physical Device Layout
Channel 1
Target ID
Device Type
Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number
Manufacturer/Model Number
Firmware level
Target ID
Device Type
Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number
Manufacturer/Model Number
Firmware level
Target ID
Device Type
Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number
Manufacturer/Model Number
Firmware level
Target ID
Device Type
Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number
Manufacturer/Model Number
Firmware level
Target ID
Device Type
Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number
Manufacturer/Model Number
Firmware level
Target ID
Device Type
Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number
Manufacturer/Model Number
Firmware level
Target ID
Device Type
Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number
Manufacturer/Model Number
Firmware level
Target ID
Device Type
Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number
Manufacturer/Model Number
Firmware level
Target ID
Device Type
Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number
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Channel 1
Manufacturer/Model Number
Firmware level
Target ID
Device Type
Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number
Manufacturer/Model Number
Firmware level
Target ID
Device Type
Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number
Manufacturer/Model Number
Firmware level
Target ID
Device Type
Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number
Manufacturer/Model Number
Firmware level
Target ID
Device Type
Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number
Manufacturer/Model Number
Firmware level
Target ID
Device Type
Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number
Manufacturer/Model Number
Firmware level
Target ID
Device Type
Logical Drive Number/ Drive Number
Manufacturer/Model Number
Firmware level
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Configuring Arrays
Organize the physical disk drives in arrays after the drives
are connected to ADAC Ultra2 S466, formatted, and
initialized. Each array can consist of one to eight physical
disk drives.
ADAC Ultra2 S466 supports up to eight arrays. The
number of drives in a array determines the RAID levels
that can be supported.
Arranging Arrays You must arrange the arrays to provide additional
organization for the drive array. You must arrange arrays
so that you can create system drives that can function as
boot devices.
You can sequentially arrange arrays with an identical
number of drives so that the drives in the group are
spanned. Spanned drives can be treated as one large drive.
Data can be striped across multiple arrays as one logical
drive.
You can create spanned drives by using the ADAC BIOS
Setup utility or the ADAC Configuration Manager.
Creating Hot Spares Any drive that is present, formatted, and initialized
but is not included in a array or logical drive is
automatically designated as a hot spare.
You can also designate drives as hot spares via ADAC
BIOS Setup, the ADAC Configuration Manager, or Power
Console Plus.
Creating Logical Drives Logical drives are arrays or spanned arrays that
are presented to the operating system. You must create one
or more logical drives.
The logical drive capacity can include all or any portion of
a array. The logical drive capacity can also be larger than
an array by using spanning. ADAC Ultra2 S466 supports
up to 8 logical drives.
Chapter 5 Configuring ADAC Ultra2 S466
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Configuration Strategies
The most important factors in RAID array configuration
are: drive capacity, drive availability (fault tolerance), and
drive performance. You cannot configure a logical drive
that optimizes all three factors, but it is easy to choose a
logical drive configuration that maximizes one factor at the
expense of the other two factors, although needs are
seldom that simple.
Maximize Capacity RAID 0 achieves maximum drive capacity, but does
not provide data redundancy. Maximum drive capacity for
each RAID level is shown below. OEM level firmware that
can span up to 4 logical drives is assumed.
RAID
Level
Description
Drives
Required
Capacity
0
Striping
without parity
1 – 32
(Number of disks) X capacity of
smallest disk
1
3
Mirroring
2
(Capacity of smallest disk) X (1)
Striping with
fixed parity
drive
3 – 8
(Number of disks) X (capacity of
smallest disk) - (capacity of 1 disk)
5
Striping with
floating parity
drive
3 – 8
(Number of disks) X (capacity of
smallest disk) - (capacity of 1 disk)
10
30
Mirroring and
Striping
4 – 8 (Must
be a multiple
of 2)
6 – 32 (Must
be a multiple
of arrays)
(Number of disks) X (capacity of
smallest disk) / (2)
RAID 3 and
Striping
(Number of disks) X (capacity of
smallest disk) – (capacity of 1 disk X
number of Arrays)
50
RAID 5 and
Striping
6 – 32 (Must
be a multiple
of arrays)
(Number of disks) X (capacity of
smallest disk) – (capacity of 1 disk X
number of Arrays)
Cont’d
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Configuration Strategies, Continued
Maximizing Drive Availability You can maximize the availability of data
on the physical disk drive in the logical array by
maximizing the level of fault tolerance. The levels of fault
tolerance provided by the RAID levels are:
RAID Level
Fault Tolerance Protection
No fault tolerance.
Disk mirroring, which provides 100% data redundancy.
100% protection through a dedicated parity drive.
100% protection through striping and parity. The data is
striped and parity data is written across a number of physical
disk drives.
0
1
3
5
10
30
100% protection through data mirroring.
100% protection through data striping. All data is striped
across all drives in two or more arrays.
50
100% protection through data striping and parity. All data is
striped and parity data is written across all drives in two or
more arrays.
Maximizing Drive Performance You can configure an array for optimal
performance. But optimal drive configuration for one type
of application will probably not be optimal for any other
application. A basic guideline of the performance
characteristics for RAID drive arrays at each RAID level
is:
RAID Level
Performance Characteristics
Excellent for all types of I/O activity, but provides no data
security.
0
1
3
5
Provides data redundancy and good performance.
Provides data redundancy.
Provides data redundancy and good performance in most
environments.
10
30
Provides data redundancy and excellent performance.
Provides data redundancy and good performance in most
environments.
50
Provides data redundancy and very good performance.
Chapter 5 Configuring ADAC Ultra2 S466
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Assigning RAID Levels
Only one RAID level can be assigned to each logical drive.
The drives required per RAID level is:
RAID
Minimum Number of
Maximum Number of Physical
Level
Physical Drives
Drives
0
1
3
5
10
30
50
One
Two
Three
Three
four
Six
32
Two
Eight
Eight
Eight
32
Six
32
Configuring Logical Drives
After you have installed the ADAC Ultra2 S466 controller
in the server and have attached all physical disk drives,
perform the following actions to prepare a RAID disk
array:
Step
Action
1
Optimize the ADAC Ultra2 S466 controller options for your system. See
Chapter 6 for additional information.
2
Perform a low-level format the SCSI drives that will be included in the
array and the drives to be used for hot spares.
3
4
Press <Ctrl> <M> to run the ADAC Configuration Manager.
Define and configure one or more logical drives. Select Easy Configuration
in ADAC Configuration Manager or select New Configuration to
customize the RAID array.
5
Create and configure one or more system drives (logical drives). Select the
RAID level, cache policy, read policy, and write policy.
Save the configuration.
Initialize the system drives. After initialization, you can install the
operating system.
6
7
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Optimizing Data Storage
Data Access Requirements Each type of data stored in the disk subsystem
has a different frequency of read and write activity. If you
know the data access requirements, you can more
successfully determine a strategy for optimizing the disk
subsystem capacity, availability, and performance.
Servers that support Video on Demand typically read the
data often, but write data infrequently. Both the read and
write operations tend to be long. Data stored on a general-
purpose file server involves relatively short read and write
operations with relatively small files.
Array Functions You must first define the major purpose of the disk array.
Will this disk array increase the system storage capacity for
general-purpose file and print servers? Does this disk array
support any software system that must be available 24
hours per day? Will the information stored in this disk
array contains large audio or video files that must be
available on demand? Will this disk array contain data
from an imaging system?
You must identify the purpose of the data to be stored in
the disk subsystem before you can confidently choose a
RAID level and a RAID configuration.
Chapter 5 Configuring ADAC Ultra2 S466
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Planning the Array Configuration
Answer the following questions about this array:
Question
Answer
Number of physical disk drives in the array
Purpose of this array. Rank the following factors:
Maximize drive capacity
Maximize the safety of the data (fault tolerance)
Maximize hard drive performance and throughput
How many hot spares?
Amount of cache memory installed on ADAC Ultra2 S466
Are all of the disk drives and the server protected by a UPS?
Using the Array Configuration Planner The following table lists the
possible RAID levels, fault tolerance, and effective
capacity for all possible drive configurations for an array
consisting of one to eight drives. This table does not take
into account any hot spare (standby) drives. You should
always have a hot spare drive in case of drive failure.
RAID 1 and RAID 10 require 2, 4, 6, or 8 drives. RAID 30
and RAID 50 require at least 6 drives.
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Array Configuration Planner
Number of
Drives
Possible
RAID Levels
None
Relative
Performance
Excellent
Excellent
Excellent
Excellent
Good
Excellent
Excellent
Good
Fault
Tolerance
No
Effective
Capacity
100%
100%
100%
100%
50%
100%
100%
67%
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
RAID 0
None
RAID 0
RAID 1
None
RAID 0
RAID 3
RAID 5
None
RAID 0
RAID 1
RAID 3
RAID 5
RAID 10
None
RAID 0
RAID 3
RAID 5
None
RAID 0
RAID 1
RAID 3
RAID 5
RAID 10
RAID 30
RAID 50
None
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
Good
67%
Excellent
Excellent
Good
Good
Good
100%
100%
50%
75%
75%
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Good
50%
Excellent
Excellent
Good
100%
100%
80%
No
Yes
Yes
No
Good
80%
Excellent
Excellent
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
100%
100%
50%
83%
83%
50%
67%
67%
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Excellent
Excellent
Good
100%
100%
86%
RAID 0
RAID 3
RAID 5
Good
86%
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6 Hardware Installation
Requirements You must have the following:
•
•
•
•
a ADAC Ultra2 S466 Controller,
a host computer with an available PCI expansion slot,
the ADAC Ultra2 S466 Installation diskettes,
the necessary SCSI cables and terminators (this depends on
the number and type of SCSI devices to be attached),
an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) for the entire
system, and
•
•
Fast SCSI 2 or Wide SCSI hard disk drives and other SCSI
devices, as desired.
Optional Equipment You may also want to install SCSI cables that connect
ADAC Ultra2 S466 to external SCSI devices.
Checklist
Check
Step
Action
1
Turn all power off to the server and all hard disk drives,
enclosures, and system, components.
Prepare the host system. See the host system technical
documentation.
q
2
q
3
4
Determine the SCSI ID and SCSI termination requirements.
q
q
Make sure the jumper settings on the ADAC Ultra2 S466
controller are correct. Install the cache memory.
Install the ADAC Ultra2 S466 card in the server and attach the
SCSI cables and terminators as needed. Make sure Pin 1 on the
cable matches Pin 1 on the connector. Make sure that the SCSI
cables you use conform to all SCSI specifications.
5
q
6
Perform a safety check. Make sure all cables are properly
attached. Make sure the ADAC card is properly installed. Turn
power on after completing the safety check.
q
7
8
Install and configure the ADAC software utilities and drivers.
q
q
q
q
q
Format the hard disk drives as needed.
Configure system drives (logical drives).
Initialize the logical drives.
9
10
11
Install the network operating system drivers as needed.
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53
Installation Steps
ADAC Ultra2 S466 provides extensive customization
options. If you need only basic ADAC Ultra2 S466
features and your computer does not use other adapter
cards with resource settings that may conflict with ADAC
Ultra2 S466 settings, even custom installation can be quick
and easy.
Step
Action
Additional Information
1
Unpack the ADAC Ultra2 S466 controller If damaged, call your
and inspect for damage. Make sure all
items are in the package.
Turn the computer off and remove the
cover.
Make sure the motherboard jumper settings
are correct.
Install cache memory on the ADAC Ultra2 4 MB minimum cache
S466 card.
Check the jumper settings on the ADAC
Ultra2 S466 controller.
Gateway OEM support
representative.
2
3
4
5
memory is required.
See page 57 for the ADAC
Ultra2 S466 jumper
settings.
6
7
8
9
Set SCSI termination.
Install the ADAC Ultra2 S466 card.
Connect the SCSI cables to SCSI devices.
Set the target IDs for the SCSI devices.
10 Replace the computer cover and turn the
power on.
Be sure the SCSI devices
are powered up before or at
the same time as the host
computer.
11 Run ADAC BIOS Setup.
12 Install software drivers for the desired
operating systems.
Optional.
Each step is described in detail below.
Cont’d
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Step 1 Unpack
Unpack and install the hardware in a static-free
environment. The ADAC Ultra2 S466 controller card is
packed inside an anti-static bag between two sponge
sheets. Remove the controller card and inspect it for
damage. If the card appears damaged, or if any item listed
below is missing, contact your OEM support
representative. The ADAC Ultra2 S466 Controller is also
shipped with:
•
•
the ADAC Ultra2 S466 Configuration Software Guide,
the ADAC Ultra2 S466 Operating System Drivers
Guide,
•
•
•
the ADAC Ultra2 S466 Hardware Guide,
the software license agreement,
the ADAC Ultra2 S466 Configuration Utilities
diskette for DOS, and
•
the warranty registration card.
Step 2 Power Down
Turn off the computer and remove the cover. Make sure
the computer is turned off and disconnected from any
networks before installing the controller card.
Step 3 Configure Motherboard
Make sure the motherboard is configured correctly for
ADAC Ultra2 S466. ADAC Ultra2 S466 is essentially a
SCSI Controller. Each ADAC Ultra2 S466 card you install
will require an available PCI IRQ; make sure an IRQ is
available for each controller you install.
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55
Step 4 Install Cache Memory
Important
A minimum of 4 MB of cache memory is required. The cache
memory must be installed before ADAC Ultra2 S466 is operational.
Bank0 must be populated by a SIMM.
Fast Page Mode SIMM FPM SIMMs are specified below. The DRAM
technology in the SIMM must have equal row and column
size.
Memory Volt Speed Parity
Type
Type
BBU
Support
Bank I Total Memory
FPM
FPM
FPM
FPM
FPM
FPM
5 V 60ns
5 V 60ns
5 V 60ns
5 V 60ns
5 V 60ns
5 V 60ns
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Single-sided
Double-sided
Single-sided
Double-sided
Single-sided
Double-sided
No
No
No
No
No
No
1M x 36
2M x 36
4M x 36
8M x 36
16M x 36
32M x36
4MB
8MB
16MB
32 MB
64 MB
128 MB
EDO SIMM
EDO SIMMs are specified below. The DRAM technology
in the SIMM must have equal row and column size.
Memory Volt Speed Parity
Type
Type
BBU
Support
Bank I Total Memory
EDO
EDO
EDO
EDO
EDO
EDO
5 V 50ns
5 V 50ns
5 V 50ns
5 V 50ns
5 V 50ns
5 V 50ns
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Single-sided
Double-sided
Single-sided
Double-sided
Single-sided
Double-sided
No
No
No
No
No
No
1M x 36
2M x 36
4M x 36
8M x 36
16M x 36
32M x36
4MB
8MB
16MB
32 MB
64 MB
128 MB
Important
If the SIMM DRAM is not installed when you receive your ADAC Ultra2
S466 RAID controller, you must call the manufacturer for a list of approved
SIMM vendors. You must only use an approved SIMM.
Cont’d
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Step 4 Install Cache Memory, Continued
Supported Cache Memory Configurations
Cache
4 MB
8 MB
16 MB
32 MB
64 MB
128 MB
Bank0 (Even)
Single-sided 1 MB x 36 Fast Page Mode
Double-sided 1 MB x 36 Fast Page Mode
Single-sided 4 MB x 36 Fast Page Mode
Double-sided 4 MB x 36 Fast Page Mode
Single-sided 16 MB x 36 Fast Page Mode
Double-sided 32 MB x 36 Fast Page Mode
Install cache memory on the ADAC Ultra2 S466 card in
the SIMM socket. This socket accepts a 72-pin × 36 Fast
Page Mode or EDO SIMM as specified on the previous
page.
Lay the controller card component-side up on a clean
static-free surface and install the SIMM. The SIMM clicks
into place, indicating proper seating in the socket, as shown
below.
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57
Step 5 Set Jumpers
Make sure the jumper settings on the ADAC Ultra2 S466
card are correct. The jumpers and connectors are:
Connector
Description
Internal SCSI Wide (16-bit) connector
External SCSI 2 Wide (16-bit)
connector
Type
68-pin connector
68-pin connector
J2
J6
J5
J1
J3
Disk Activity LED
Termination Enable Control
I2C connector
four-pin connector
3-pin header
4-pin header
J7
J4
J8
Cache memory SIMM socket
Serial port connector
Short Pins 1-2.
72-pin connector
9-pin connector
3-pin header
J9
J10
J11
J12
Short Pins 1-2
i960RP configuration
i960RP configuration
3-pin header
2-pin header
2-pin header
ADAC Ultra2 S466 Card Layout
Cont’d
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Step 5 Set Jumpers, Continued
J1 Termination Enable J1 is a three-pin header that specifies hardware or
software control of SCSI termination.
Type of SCSI Termination
J1 Setting
Software control of SCSI termination via drive
detection.
Short Pins 1-2
Permanently disable all onboard SCSI termination.
Permanently enable all onboard SCSI termination.
Short Pins 2-3
OPEN
J3 I2C Interface Connector J3 is a four-pin header that allows the i960JX
core processor to serve as a master and slave device that
resided on the I2C bus when used with the I2C Bus
Interface Unit. Attach a four-wire cable from J3 to the I2C
Bus Interface Unit.
J4 Serial Port J4 is a 9-pin berg that attaches to a serial cable. The pinout:
Pin
1
3
5
7
Signal Description
Carrier Detect
Receive Data
Transmit Data
Data Terminal Ready
Ground
Pin
2
4
6
8
Signal Description
Data Set Ready
Request to Send
Clear to Send
Ring Indicator
9
J5 Hard Disk LED J5 is a four-pin connector that attaches to a cable that
connects to the hard disk LED mounted on the computer
enclosure. The LED indicates data transfers.
Pin
1
Description
High
2
3
4
SCSI Activity Signal
SCSI Activity Signal
High
Cont’d
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59
Step 5 Set Jumpers, Continued
J8, J9
J8 and J9 are 3-pin jumpers. The factory setting is Pins 1-2
shorted. Pins 1-2 should always be shorted for J8 and J9.
J10
J10 is a 3-pin jumper. Make sure Pins 1-2 of J10 are
always shorted. This is the factory setting.
J11, J12 i960RP Initialization J11 and J12 are 2-pin bergs that specify the
i960RP mode when initially powered up. Mode 3 is used
for normal operation (J11 and J12 OPEN). All other modes
are used for test purposes only.
I960RP Initialization Mode
J19 Setting
Short Pins 1-2
Short Pins 1-2
OPEN
J22 Setting
Short Pins 1-2
OPEN
Short Pins 1-2
OPEN
0
1
2
3
OPEN
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Step 6 Set Termination
You must terminate the SCSI bus properly. Set termination
at both ends of the SCSI cable. The SCSI bus is an
electrical transmission line and must be terminated
properly to minimize reflections and losses. Termination
should be set at each end of the SCSI cable(s), as shown
below. Termination is always enabled, regardless of the
configuration. However, you can override this setting by
setting another state.
For a disk array, set SCSI bus termination so that removing
or adding a SCSI device does not disturb termination. An
easy way to do this is to connect the ADAC Ultra2 S466
card to one end of the SCSI cable and to connect an
external terminator module at the other end of the cable.
The connectors between the two ends can connect SCSI
devices. Disable termination on the SCSI devices. See the
manual for each SCSI device to disable termination.
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61
SCSI Termination
The SCSI bus is an electrical transmission line and it must
be terminated properly to minimize reflections and losses.
You complete the SCSI bus by setting termination at both
ends.
You can let ADAC Ultra2 S466 automatically provide
SCSI termination at one end of the SCSI bus. You can
terminate the other end of the SCSI bus by attaching an
external SCSI terminator module to the end of the cable or
by attaching a SCSI device that internally terminates the
SCSI bus at the end of the SCSI channel.
Selecting a Terminator Use standard external SCSI terminators on a SCSI
channel operating at 10 MB/s or higher synchronous data
transfer.
Terminating Internal SCSI Disk Arrays Set the termination so that SCSI
termination and termination power are intact when any disk
drive is removed from a SCSI channel, as shown below:
Cont’d
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SCSI Termination, Continued
Terminating External Disk Arrays In most array enclosures, the end of the
SCSI cable has an independent SCSI terminator module
that is not part of any SCSI drive. In this way, SCSI
termination is not disturbed when any drive is removed, as
shown below:
Terminating Internal and External Disk Arrays You can use both
internal and external drives with ADAC Ultra2 S466. You
still must make sure that the proper SCSI termination and
termination power is preserved, as shown below:
Cont’d
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63
SCSI Termination, Continued
Connecting Non-Disk SCSI Devices SCSI Tape drives, scanners, CD-
ROM drives, and other non-disk drive devices must each
have a unique SCSI ID regardless of the SCSI channel they
are attached to. The general rule for Unix systems is:
•
•
tape drive set to SCSI ID 2, and
CD-ROM drive set to SCSI ID 5.
Make sure that no hard disk drives are attached to the same
SCSI channel as the non-disk SCSI devices. Drive
performance will be significantly degraded if SCSI hard
disk drives are attached to this channel.
Warning
Since all non-disk SCSI devices are single ended, it is not
advisable to attach a non-disk device to a ADAC Ultra2 S466
RAID controller if LVD disk drives are also attached because the
SCSI bus will then operate in single ended mode.
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Step 7 Install ADAC Ultra2 S466
Choose a 5 V PCI slot and align the ADAC Ultra2 S466
controller card bus connector to the slot. Press down gently
but firmly to make sure that the card is properly seated in
the slot. The bottom edge of the controller card should be
flush with the slot.
Insert the ADAC Ultra2 S466 card in a PCI slot as shown
below:
Screw the bracket to the computer frame.
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65
Step 8 Connect SCSI Cables
Connect SCSI cables to SCSI devices. ADAC Ultra2 S466
provides two SCSI connectors: J2, the SCSI channel
internal high-density 68-pin connector for Wide (16-bit)
SCSI and J6, the SCSI channel external ultra high-density
68-pin connector for Wide (16-bit) SCSI.
Connect SCSI Devices When connecting SCSI devices:
Step
Action
1
Disable termination on any SCSI device that does not sit at the end of the
SCSI bus.
2
3
4
Configure all SCSI devices to supply TermPWR.
Set proper target IDs (TIDs) for all SCSI devices.
The cable length should not exceed three meters for Fast SCSI (10 MB/s)
devices or single ended 1.5 meters for Ultra SCSI devices. The cable length
can be up to 12 meters for LVD devices.
5
The cable length should not exceed six meters for non-Fast SCSI devices.
Cont’d
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Step 8 Connect SCSI Cables, Continued
Cable Suggestions System throughput problems can occur if SCSI cable use
is not maximized. You should:
•
•
you can use cables up to 12 meters for LVD devices.
for single ended SCSI devices, use the shortest SCSI cables
(no more than 3 meters for Fast SCSI, no more than 1.5
meters for an 8-drive Ultra SCSI system and no more than 3
meters for a 6-drive Ultra SCSI system),
use active termination,
avoid clustering the cable nodes,
cable stub length should be no more than 0.1 meter (4
inches),
•
•
•
•
•
•
route SCSI cables carefully,
use high impedance cables,
do not mix cable types (choose either flat or rounded and
shielded or non-shielded), and
•
ribbon cables have fairly good cross-talk rejection
characteristics.
Step 9 Set Target IDs
Set target identifiers (TIDs) on the SCSI devices. Each
device in a specific SCSI channel must have a unique TID
in that channel. Non-disk devices (CD-ROM or tapes)
should have unique SCSI IDs regardless of the channel
where they are connected. See the documentation for each
SCSI device to set the TIDs. The ADAC Ultra2 S466
controller automatically occupies TID 7 in the SCSI
channel. Eight-bit SCSI devices can only use the TIDs
from 0 to 6. 16-bit devices can use the TIDs from 0 to 15.
The arbitration priority for a SCSI device depends on its
TID.
Highest
Lowest
Priority
TID
7
6
5
2
1
0
15 14
9
8
…
…
Important
Non-disk devices (CD-ROM or tapes) should have unique SCSI
IDs regardless of the channel they are connected to.
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Device Identification on ADAC Ultra2 S466
All logical drives on each SCSI bus are identified to the
host as ID 0. Differentiate the drives with Logical Unit
Identifiers (LUNs). ID 0 cannot be used for non-disk
devices because they are limited to IDs 1 through 6. The
ADAC Ultra2 S466 is limited to eight logical drives
because LUNs are used to present logical drives. The
SCSI-2 ANSI specification has a limit of eight LUNs per
ID. The SCSI-3 specification increased the number of
LUNs to 16. An example of ID mapping follows.
Example of ADAC Ultra2 S466 ID Mapping
ID
0
Channel 1
A1-1
1
A2-1
2
CD
3
A2-5
4
CD
5
A4-1
6
7
8
Optical
Reserved
A5-2
9
A5-6
10
11
12
13
14
15
A6-1
A6-4
A6-7
A7-2
A7-5
A7-8
As Presented to the Operating System
ID
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
LUN
Device
ID
1
2
3
4
LUN
Device
Scanner
CD
Tape
CD
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Disk (A1-X)
Disk (A2-X)
Disk (A3-X)
Disk (A4-X)
Disk (A5-X)
Disk (A6-X)
Disk (A7-X)
Disk (A8-X)
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
6
Tape
Optical
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Step 10 Power Up
Replace the computer cover and reconnect the AC power
cords. Turn power on to the host computer. Set up the
power supplies so that the SCSI devices are powered up at
the same time as or before the host computer. If the
computer is powered up before a SCSI device, the device
might not be recognized.
During boot, the ADAC Ultra2 S466 BIOS message
appears:
ADAC Ultra2 S466 Disk Array Adapter BIOS Version x.xx date
Firmware Initializing... [ Scanning SCSI Device ...(etc.)... ]
The firmware takes several seconds to initialize. During
this time the adapter will scan the SCSI channel. When
ready, the following appears:
Host Adapter-1 Firmware Version x.xx DRAM Size 4 MB
0 Logical Drives found on the Host Adapter
0 Logical Drives handled by BIOS
Press <Ctrl><M> to run ADAC Ultra2 S466 BIOS Configuration Utility
The <Ctrl> <M> utility prompt times out after several
seconds. The ADAC Ultra2 S466 host adapter (controller)
number, firmware version, and cache DRAM size are
displayed in the second portion of the BIOS message. The
numbering of the controllers follows the PCI slot scanning
order used by the host motherboard.
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69
Step 11 Run ADAC BIOS Setup
Press <Ctrl> <M> to run the ADAC BIOS Setup utility.
See the ADAC Ultra2 S466 Configuration Software Guide
for information about running BIOS Setup.
Step 12 Install Operating System Driver
The ADAC Ultra2 S466 ASPI driver can be used in the
DOS and Windows 95 environments. The DOS ASPI
driver supports:
•
up to six non-disk SCSI devices (each SCSI device
must use a unique SCSI ID regardless of the SCSI
channel it resides on. SCSI IDs 1 through 6 are valid,
up to 12 ADAC Ultra2 S466 adapters, and
virtual DMA services (VDS) for up to eight logical
drives.
•
•
ASPI Driver
CorelSCSI, Novaback, and PC Tools are not provided with
ADAC Ultra2 S466.
Drivers
ADACASPI.SYS
Devices Supported
CD-ROM, tape,
optical drives, etc.
Application Software
CorelSCSI, Novaback, PC VDS
Tools.
Features
Copy ADACASPI.SYS to your hard disk drive. Add the
following line to CONFIG.SYS:
device=<path>\ADACASPI.SYS /v
Parameters
Parameter
The ADACASPI.SYS parameters are:
Description
/h
/v
/a
INT 13h support is not provided.
Verbose mode. All message are displayed on the screen.
Physical drive ccess mode. Direct access to physical drives is
permitted.
/q
Quiet mode. All message except error message are suppressed.
Cont’d
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Step 12 Install Operating System Driver, Continued
CD-ROM Driver A device driver is provided with ADAC Ultra2 S466 for
CD-ROM drives operating under DOS, Windows 3.x, and
Windows 95. The driver filename is ADACDROM.SYS.
The ADACASPI.SYS ASPI manager must be added to the
CONFIG.SYS file before you can install the CD-ROM
device driver. See the instructions on the previous page for
adding the ADACASPI.SYS driver. Copy
ADACDROM.SYS to the root directory of the C: drive.
Add the following line to CONFIG.SYS, making sure it is
preceded by the line for ADACASPI.SYS:
DEVICE=C:\ADACDROM.SYS
Add the following to AUTOEXEC.BAT. Make sure it
precedes the SMARTDRV.EXE line.
MSCDEX /D:MSCD001
MSCDEX is the CD-ROM drive extension file that is
supplied with MS-DOS® and PC-DOS® Version 5.0 or
later. See your DOS manual for the command line
parameters for MSCDEX.
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71
Summary
This chapter discussed hardware installation. Configure the
RAID system via software configuration utilities. See the
ADAC Ultra2 S466 Configuration Software Guide for all
information about ADAC Ultra2 S466 software utilities.
The utility programs for configuring ADAC Ultra2 S466
are:
Configuration Utility
ADAC BIOS Setup
ADAC Configuration
Manager
Operating System
independent of the operating system
DOS
SCO UNIX SVR3.2
Novell NetWare 3.x, 4.x
SCO UnixWare
Power Console Plus
Microsoft Windows NT,
Windows 95
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7 Troubleshooting
Problem
Suggested Solution
The system hangs during the boot
process after installation.
Make sure the SCSI BIOS on the motherboard
has been disabled.
The system hangs during the boot
process after installation.
Make sure the ADAC Ultra2 S466 adapter
card is installed in the proper PCI expansion
slot. It must be installed in the RAID Upgrade
PCI slot..
Some operating systems do not load Check the system BIOS configuration for PCI
in a computer with a ADAC Ultra2
S466 adapter.
interrupt assignments. Make sure some
Interrupts are assigned for PCI.
Initialize the logical drive before installing the
operating system.
One of the hard drive in the array
fails often
Check the drive error counts using Power
Console Plus.
Format the drive.
Rebuild the drive
If the drive continues to fail, replace the drive
with another drive with the same capacity.
Check the drives IDs on each channel to make
sure each device has a different ID.
Pressed <Ctrl> <M>. Ran
ADAConf.exe and tried to make a
new configuration. The system
hangs when scanning devices.
Check the termination. The device at the end
of the channel must be terminated.
Replace the drive cable.
Multiple drives connected to
ADAC Ultra2 S466 using the same
power supply. There is a problem
spinning the drives all at once.
Pressing <Ctrl> <M> or running
ADAConf.exe does not display the
Management Menu.
Set the drives to spin on command. This will
allow ADAC Ultra2 S466 to spin two devices
simultaneously.
These utilities require a color monitor.
At system power-up with the
ADAC Ultra2 S466 installed, the
screen display is garbled or does
not appear at all.
For proper cache memory operation, you
should install at least 4 MB of memory in
ADAC Ultra2 S466.
Cannot flash or update the
EEPROM.
You may need a new EEPROM.
Chapter 7 Troubleshooting
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Problem
Suggested Solution
Make sure that TERMPWR is being properly
provided to each peripheral device populated
channel.
Firmware Initializing...
appears and remains on the screen.
Make sure that each end of the channel chain
is properly terminated using the recommended
terminator type for the peripheral device. The
channel is automatically terminated at the
ADAC Ultra2 S466 card if only one cable is
connected to a channel.
Make sure (on a channel basis) only two type
of cables are connected at any one time.
If using an FPM SIMM, make sure the RAS
Access Time parameter is 70 ns.
Make sure that the ADAC Ultra2 S466
controller is properly seated in the PCI slot.
What SCSI IDs can a non-hard disk Non-hard disk devices can only accommodate
device have and what is maximum
number allowed per adapter?
SCSI IDs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, regardless of the
channel used. A maximum of six non-hard
disk devices are supported per ADAC Ultra2
S466 adapter.
Why does a failed logical array still
get a drive assignment?
To maintain the DOS Path statement integrity.
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BIOS Boot Error Messages
Message
Problem
Suggested Solution
Adapter BIOS Disabled.
No Logical Drives
Handled by BIOS
The ADAC Ultra2 S466
BIOS is disabled.
Sometimes the BIOS is
disabled to prevent
booting from the BIOS.
The BIOS cannot
Enable the BIOS via the
ADAC Ultra2 S466 BIOS
Setup utility.
Host Adapter at Baseport
xxxx Not Responding
Make sure ADAC Ultra2
S466 is properly installed.
communicate with the
adapter firmware.
No ADAC Ultra2 S466
Adapter
The BIOS cannot
communicate with the
adapter firmware.
Make sure ADAC Ultra2
S466 is properly installed.
Configuration of
The configuration stored
Press a key to run ADAC
NVRAM and drives
mismatch.
in the ADAC Ultra2 S466 Configuration Manager.
adapter does not match
Run View/Add
the configuration stored in Choose View/Add
Configuration option of
Configuration Utility.
Press any key to run the
Configuration Utility.
the drives.
Configuration from the
Configure menu.
Use View/Add
Configuration to examine
both the configuration in
NVRAM and the
configuration stored on the
disk drives. Resolve the
problem by selecting one
of the configurations.
Make sure all physical
drives are properly
1 Logical Drive Failed
A logical drive failed to
sign on.
connected and are powered
on.
Run ADAC Configuration
Manager to find out if any
physical drives are not
responding. Reconnect,
replace, or rebuild any
drive that is not
responding.
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Message
Problem
Suggested Solution
X Logical Drives
Degraded
x number of logical drives Make sure all physical
signed on in a degraded
state.
drives are properly
connected and are powered
on.
Run ADAC Configuration
Manager to find if any
physical drives are not
responding. Reconnect,
replace, or rebuild any
drive that is not
responding.
1 Logical Drive Degraded A logical drive signed on
in a degraded state.
Make sure all physical
drives are properly
connected and are powered
on.
Run ADAC Configuration
Manager to find out if any
physical drives are not
responding. Reconnect,
replace, or rebuild any
drive that is not
responding.
Insufficient memory to
run BIOS. Press any key
to continue…
Not enough ADAC Ultra2 Make sure ADAC Ultra2
S466 memory to run
BIOS.
S466 memory has been
properly installed.
Insufficient Memory
Not enough memory on
the ADAC adapter to
support the current
configuration.
Make ADAC memory has
been properly installed.
The following SCSI IDs
are not responding:
Channel x:a.b.c
The physical drives with
SCSIO IDs a, b, and c are
not responding on SCSI
channel x.
Make sure the physical
drives are properly
connected and are powered
on.
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Other BIOS Error Messages
Message
Problem
Suggested Solution
Following SCSI
disk not found
and no empty
The physical disk roaming
feature did not find the physical
disk with the displayed SCSI
Reconfigure the array.
slot available for ID. No slot is available to map
mapping it
the physical drive. ADAC
cannot resolve the physical
drives into the current
configuration.
Following SCSI
IDs have the
same data y, z
Channel x: a, b,
c
The physical drive roaming
feature found the same data on
two or more physical drive on
channel x with SCSI IDs a, b,
and c. ADAC cannot determine
the drive that has the duplicate
information.
Remove the drive or drives
that should not be used.
Unresolved
The configuration stored in the
Press a key to run ADAC
configuration
mismatch
ADAC NVRAM does not match Configuration Manager.
the configuration stored on the
between disks
and NVRAM on
the adapter
drives.
Choose View/Add
Configuration from the
Configure menu.
Use View/Add Configuration
to examine both the
configuration in NVRAM and
the configuration stored on the
disk drives. Resolve the
problem by selecting one of
the configurations.
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77
DOS ASPI Driver Error Messages
Message
Corrective Action
Gateway Inc. ASPI Manager
has NOT been loaded.
Controller setup FAILED
error code=[0xab]
The ASPI manager is not loaded. One of the failure
codes listed below is displayed next.
Correct the condition that caused the failure. The failure
codes are:
0x40
0x80
0x81
0x82
0x83
0x84
0x85
0x90
No ADAC adapters found
Timed out waiting for interrupt to be posted
Timed out waiting for Response command.
Invalid command completion count.
Invalid completion status received.
Invalid command ID received.
No adapters found or no PCI BIOS support.
Unknown Setup completion error
No non-disk devices were
located
The driver did not find any non-hard drive devices
during scanning. A SCSI device that is not a hard disk
drive, such as a tape drive or CD-ROM drive, must be
attached to this SCSI channel. The SCSI ID must be
unique for each adapter and cannot be SCSI ID 0. The
supported SCSI IDs are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.
’ERROR: VDS support is
*INACTIVE* for logical
drives
The /h option is appended to driver in
CONFIG.SYS or this driver is used with a BIOS that is
earlier than v1.10, or no logical drives are configured.
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Other Potential Problems
Topic
Information
DOS ASPI
ADACASPI.SYS, the DOS ASPI manager, uses 6 KB of
system memory once it is loaded.
CD-ROM drives
under DOS
At this time, copied CDs are not accessible from DOS even
after loading ADACASPI.SYS and ADACDROM.SYS.
Physical Drive Errors To display the ADAC Configuration Manager Media Error
and Other Error options, press <F2> after selecting a
physical drive under the Physical Drive menu, selected
from the Objects menu. A Media Error is an error that
occurred while actually transferring data. An Other Error is
an error that occurs at the hardware level because of a
device failure, poor cabling, bad termination, signal loss,
etc.
Virtual Sizing
The Virtual Sizing option enables RAID expansion. Virtual
Sizing must be enabled to increase the size of a logical
drive or add a physical drive to an existing logical drive.
Run ADAC Configuration Manager by pressing <Ctrl>
<M> to enable Virtual Sizing. Select the Objects menu,
then select the Logical Drive menu. Select View/Update
Parameters. Set Virtual Sizing to Enabled.
BSD Unix
We do not provide a driver for BSDI Unix. ADAC Ultra2
S466 does not support BSDI Unix.
Multiple LUNs
ADAC Ultra2 S466 supports one LUN per each target ID.
No multiple LUN devices are supported.
Power Requirements The maximum ADAC Ultra2 S466 power requirements are
15 watts at 5V and 3 Amps.
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79
Topic
Information
SCSI Bus
The ANSI specification dictates the following:
Requirements
The maximum signal path length between terminators is 3
meters when using up to 4 maximum capacitance (25 pF)
devices and 1.5 meters when using more than 4 devices.
SCSI devices should be uniformly spaced between
terminators, with the end devices located as close as
possible to the terminators.
The characteristic impedance of the cable should be 90 +/-
6 ohms for the /REQ and /ACK signals and 90 +/- 10 ohms
for all other signals.
The stub length(the distance from the controller’s external
connector to the mainline SCSI bus) shall not exceed.1m
(approximately 4 inches).
The spacing of devices on the mainline SCSI bus should be
at least three times the stub length.
All signal lines shall be terminated once at both ends of the
bus powered by the TERMPWR line.
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Topic
Information
Windows NT
Installation
When Windows NT is installed via a bootable CD, the
devices on the ADAC Ultra2 S466 will not be recognized
until after the initial reboot. The Microsoft documented
workaround is in SETUP.TXT:
SETUP.TXT is on diskette 2 or the CD
To install drivers when Setup recognizes one of the
supported SCSI host adapters without making the devices
attached to it available for use:
1
2
Restart Windows NT Setup.
When Windows NT Setup displays
Setup is inspecting your computer’s hardware
configuration...,
press <F6> to prevents Windows NT Setup from
performing disk controller detection. This allows
you to install the driver from the Drivers disk you
created. All SCSI adapters must be installed
manually.
3. When Windows NT Setup displays
Setup could not determine the type of one or more
mass storage devices installed in your system, or
you have chosen to manually specify an adapter,
press S to display a list of supported SCSI host
adapters.
4
5
Select Other from the bottom of the list.
Insert the Drivers Disk you made when prompted
to do so and select ADAC Ultra2 S466 from this
list. In some cases, Windows NT Setup repeatedly
prompts to swap disks. Windows NT will now
recognize any devices attached to this adapter.
Repeat this step for each host adapter not already
recognized by Windows NT Setup.
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A SCSI Cables and
Connectors
SCSI Connectors
ADAC Ultra2 S466 provides several different types of
SCSI connectors. The connectors are:
•
•
one 68-pin high density internal connector, and
one 68-pin ultra high density external connector.
68-Pin High Density SCSI Internal Connector
The SCSI channel on the ADAC Ultra2 S466 Controller
has a 68-pin high density 0.050 inch pitch unshielded
connector.
This connector provides all signals needed to connect
ADAC Ultra2 S466 to wide SCSI devices. The following
connector pinouts are provided for both single-ended and
differebtial primary bus (P-CABLE) as specified in SCSI-3
Parallel Interface X3T9.2, Project 885-D, revision 12b,
date July 2, 1993.
The cable assemblies that interface with the 68-pin
connector is:
•
•
•
•
•
flat ribbon or twisted pair cable for connecting internal
wide SCSI devices,
flat ribbon or twisted pair cable for connecting internal
and external wide SCSI devices,
cable assembly for converting from internal wide SCSI
connectors to internal non-wide (Type 2) connectors,
cable assembly for converting from internal wide to
internal non-wide SCSI connectors (Type 30), and
cable assembly for converting from internal wide to
internal non-wide SCSI connectors.
Cont’d
Appendix A SCSI Cables and Connectors
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68-Pin High Density Connectors, Continued
Cable Assembly for Internal Wide SCSI Devices The cable assembly for
connecting internal wide SCSI devices is shown below:
pin 1
pin 1
pin 1
Connectors: 68 position plug (male)
AMP - 786090-7
Cable:
Flat Ribbon or Twisted-Pair Flat Cable
68 Conductor 0.025 Centerline
30 AWG
Cont’d
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68-Pin High Density Connectors, Continued
Connecting Internal and External Wide Devices The cable assembly for
connecting internal wide and external wide SCSI devices is
shown below:
A
pin 1
pin 1
B
pin 1
B
Connector A: 68 position panel mount receptacle
with 4-40 holes (female)
AMP - 786096-7
NOTE: To convert to 2-56 holes, use screwlock
kit 749087-1, 749087-2, or 750644-1
from AMP
Connector B: 68 position plug (male)
AMP - 786090-7
Cable:
Flat Ribbon or Twisted-Pair Flat Cable
68 Conductor 0.025 Centerline
30 AWG
Cont’d
Appendix A SCSI Cables and Connectors
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68-Pin High Density Connectors, Continued
Converting Internal Wide to Internal Non-Wide (Type 2) The cable
assembly for converting internal wide SCSI connectors to
internal non-wide SCSI connectors is shown below:
68 POSITION
CONNECTOR
50 POSITION
CONNECTOR
CONTACT NUMBER
CONTACT NUMBER
6
40
7
1
2
3
4
41
pin 1
*
*
*
A
49
16
50
17
51
18
52
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
pin 1
pin 1
OPEN
OPEN
OPEN
B
B
*
*
*
Connector A: 68 position plug (male)
AMP - 749925-5
Connector B:50 position IDC receptacle (female)
29
63
30
64
47
48
49
50
AMP - 499252-4, 1-746285-0, 1-746288-0
Twisted-Pair Flat Cable or
Laminated Discrete Wire Cable
25 pair 0.050 centerline
Wire:
28 AWG
TABLE 1:
CONNECTOR CONTACT
CONNECTION FOR WIDE
TO NON-WIDE CONVERSION
Cont’d
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68-Pin High Density Connectors, Continued
Converting Internal Wide to Internal Non-Wide (Type 30) The cable
assembly for connecting internal wide SCSI devices to
internal non-wide SCSI devices is shown below:
pin 1
A
pin 1
B
Connector A: 68 position plug (male)
AMP - 749925-5
Connector B:50 position plug (male)
AMP - 749925-3
Wire:
Twisted-Pair Flat Cable or
Laminated Discrete Wire Cable
25 pair 0.050 centerline
28 AWG
Cont’d
Appendix A SCSI Cables and Connectors
87
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68-Pin High Density Connectors, Continued
Converting from Internal Wide to Internal Non-Wide (Type 3) The cable
assembly for connecting internal wide SCSI devices to
internal non-wide (Type 3) SCSI devices is shown below:
pin 1
A
pin 1
B
Connector A: 68 position plug (male)
AMP - 786090-7
Connector B:50 position plug (male)
AMP - 786090-7
Wire:
Flat ribbon or twisted-pair flat cable
50 conductor 0.025 centerline
30 AWG
SCSI Cable Vendors
Manufacturer
Cables To Go
System Connection
Technical Cable Concepts
GWC
Telephone Number
Voice: 800-826-7904 Fax: 800-331-2841
Voice: 800-877-1985
Voice: 714-835-1081
Voice: 818-579-0888
SCSI Connector Vendors
Manufacturer
AMP
Connector Part Number
749111-4
Back Shell Part Number
749193-1
FCN-230C050-D/E
PCS-E50LA
Fujitsu
Honda
FCN-237R050-G/F
PCS-XE50MA
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High-Density 68-Pin SCSI Connector Pinout
Signal
Connector
Pin
Cable
Pin
Cable
Pin
Connector
Pin
Signal
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
TERMPWR
TERMPWR
Reserved
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
3
5
7
2
4
6
8
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
-DB(12)
-DB(13)
-DB(14)
-DB(15)
-DB(P1)
-DB(0)
-DB(1)
-DB(2)
-DB(3)
-DB(4)
9
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
68
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
59
61
63
65
67
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
-DB(5)
-DB(6)
-DB(7)
-DB(P)
SWAP L
SHELF_OK
TERMPWR
TERMPWR
Reserved
FAULT_CLK H
-ATN
FAULT_DATA H
-BSY
-ACK
-RST
-MSG
-SEL
-C/D
-REQ
-I/O
-DB(8)
-DB(9)
-DB(10)
-DB(11)
Cont’d
Appendix A SCSI Cables and Connectors
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89
68-Pin SCSI Connector Pinout, Continued
High-Density Single Ended Connector The following applies to the high-
density SCSI connector table on the previous page:
•
•
A hyphen before a signal name indicates that signal is
active low.
The connector pin refers to the conductor position
when using 0.025 inch centerline flat ribbon cable with
a high-density connector (AMPLIMITE.050 Series
connectors).
•
•
Eight-bit devices connected to the P-Cable must leave
the following signals open: -DB (8), -DB (9), -DB
(10), -DB (11), -DB(12), -DB (13), -DB (14), -DB
15), and -DB (P1).
All other signals should be connected as defined.
Caution
Lines labeled RESERVED should be connected to Ground
in the bus terminator assemblies or in the end devices on the
SCSI cable.
RESERVED lines should be open in the other SCSI
devices, but can be connected to Ground.
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68-Pin Connector Pinout for LVD SCSI
Signal
Connector
Pin
1
Cable
Pin
1
Cable
Pin
2
Connector
Pin
35
Signal
+DB(12)
+DB(13)
+DB(14)
+DB(15)
+DB(P1)
+DB(0)
+DB(1)
+DB(2)
+DB(3)
+DB(4)
+DB(5)
+DB(6)
+DB(7)
+DB(P)
Ground
DIFFSENS
TERMPWR
TERMPWR
Reserved
Ground
+ATN
Ground
+BSY
+ACK
+RST
+MSG
+SEL
+C/D
+REQ
+I/O
-DB(12)
-DB(13)
-DB(14)
-DB(15)
-DB(P1)
-DB(0)
-DB(1)
-DB(2)
-DB(3)
-DB(4)
-DB(5)
-DB(6)
-DB(7)
-DB(P)
Ground
Ground
TERMPWR
TERMPWR
Reserved
Ground
-ATN
Ground
-BSY
-ACK
-RST
-MSG
-SEL
-C/D
-REQ
-I/O
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
3
5
7
9
4
6
8
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
68
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
59
61
63
65
67
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
+DB(8)
+DB(9)
+DB(10)
+DB(11)
-DB(8)
-DB(9)
-DB(10)
-DB(11)
68
Notes
The conductor number refers to the conductor position
when using flat-ribbon cable.
Appendix A SCSI Cables and Connectors
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B Audible Warnings
The ADAC Ultra2 S466 RAID controller has an onboard
tone generator that indicates events and errors.
Tone Pattern
Three seconds on
and one second
off
Meaning
A logical drive is
offline.
Examples
One or more drives in a RAID
0 configuration failed.
Two or more drives in a RAID
1, 3, or 5 configuration failed.
One drive in a RAID 3 or 5
One second on
and one second
off
A logical drive is
running in degraded configuration failed.
mode.
One second on
and three seconds
off
An automatically
initiated rebuild has
been completed.
While you were away from the
system, a disk drive in a RAID
1, 3, or 5 configuration failed
and was rebuilt.
Important
The audible warning were not enabled at the time this manual
went to press.
Appendix B Audible Warnings
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Index
Converting from Internal Wide to
Internal Non-Wide (Type
3), 90
6
68-Pin High Density Connectors,
Converting Internal Wide to Internal
Non-Wide, 88
85
Converting Internal Wide to Internal
Non-Wide (Type 30), 89
CPU, 35
A
ADAC BIOS, 35
ADACASPI.SYS, 70
ADACDROM.SYS, 71
AMPLIMITE .050 Series connectors,
92
D
Data redundancy
Using mirroring, 11
Dedicated Parity, 12
Degraded, 16
ASPI Driver Error Messages, 78
ASPI Drivers, 70
ASPI manager, 78
Devices per SCSI Channel, 34
Disconnect/Reconnect, 37
Disk Activity LED, 58
Disk Array Types, 17
Disk Mirroring, 11
Disk Rebuild, 14
Audible Warnings, 95
Automatic Failed Drive Detection
and Rebuild, 39
B
BIOS, 34
Disk Spanning, 10
Disk Striping, 9
BIOS Boot Error Messages, 75
BIOS Setup, 69
Bus Data Transfer Rate, 34
Bus Type, 34
Distributed Parity, 12
DOS ASPI driver, 70
DOS CD-ROM Driver, 70
Drive roaming, 29
Drive States, 16
Bus-Based, 17
C
Drivers, 70
Cable Assembly for Internal Wide
SCSI Devices, 86
E
Cable Vendors, 90
Cables To Go, 90
Cache Configuration, 34
Cache Memory, 35
Installing, 57
Cache Memory Configurations, 57
Card Size, 34
CD-ROM Driver, 71
Compatibility, 40
Configuration on Disk Configuration,
29
Connecting Internal and External
Wide Devices, 87
Enclosure Management, 17
Error
Failure codes, 78
Error Messages
ASPI Driver, 78
F
Fail, 16
Failed, 16
FAST and WIDE SCSI, 29
Fault-Tolerance, 39
Features, 29
Firmware, 34
FTP Site, vi
Consistency check, 8
Index
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Mirroring, 11
Motherboard Jumpers, 55
Multi-threading, 37
G
GWC, 90
H
N
Hardware Installation, 53
Hardware Requirements, 30
High-Density 68-Pin SCSI
Connector and P-Cable
Single-Ended Cable
Pinouts, 91, 93
Nonvolatile RAM, 34
Novell NetWare, 33
O
Offline, 16
Onboard Speaker, 36
Online
High-Density Connector, 92
Host-Based RAID Solution, 7
Hot Spare, 13, 16
Using during disk rebuild, 14
Hot Swap, 15, 39
Drive state, 16
Operating Systems Supported, 33
Operating Voltage, 34
Optimal, 16
OS/2 2.x, 38
Other BIOS Error Messages, 77
I
Improved I/O, 5
Increased Reliability, 5
Install Drivers, 70
Installation
P
Package Contents, vi
packing slip, vi
Custom, 54
Parity, 12
PCI Controller, 34
Physical Array, 14
Physical drive, 14
Power Console Plus, 38
Power Down, 55
Processor, 34
J
J 4 Channel 1 WIDE (16-bit) SCSI
connector, 58
J1 Termination Enable, 59
J2, 66
J3 I2C Interface Connector, 59
J4 Serial Port, 59
J5 Disk Activity LED Connector, 59
J6, 66
J7 SIMM socket, 57
J8, J9, J10, 60
J11, J12 i960RP Initialization, 60
J13, 58
Product Specifications, 34
R
RAID
Basics, 5
Benefits, 5
Introduction to, 5
RAID 1
J15, 58
Jumpers, 58
Spanning to configure RAID 10,
10
RAID 10
on motherboard, 55
Configuring, 10
RAID 3
L
Logical Drive, 15
Logical Drive States, 16
Parity disk, 12
Spanning to configure RAID 30,
10
M
RAID 30
Configuring, 10
RAID 5
Spanning to make RAID 50, 10
RAID 50
ADAC BIOS Setup, 38
ADAC Ultra2 S466 Card Layout,
58
ADAC Configuration Manager, 38
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Configuring, 10
RAID Levels, 19
RAID Levels Supported, 34
RAID Management, 38
Ready, 16
Serial port connector, 58
Server Management, 40
Set SCSI Termination, 61
SIMM Specifications, 56
SIMMs, 57
Rebuild, 16, 37
SLED, 5
Rebuild Rate, 14
Rebuilding a disk, 14
Reconnect, 37
SMART Technology, 29
SNMP agent, 40
SNMP managers, 40
Software-Based, 17
Spanning, 10
RedAlert, 40
Standby rebuild, 14
Stripe Size, 37
S
Scatter/Gather, 37
Stripe Width, 9
System Connection, 90
SCO Open Server R5.0x, 33
SCO Unix, 38
SCO UnixWare 2.1x, 33
SCSI backup and utility software, 40
SCSI Bus, 34, 36
T
Tagged Command Queuing, 37
Target identifiers
SCSI Cables
Attaching, 66
Setting, 67
SCSI Connectors, 34, 37, 83
SCSI Controller, 34
SCSI Data Transfer Rate, 34
SCSI Device Compatibility, 40
SCSI Device Types Supported, 34
SCSI Drive State, 16
SCSI Firmware, 37
SCSI Termination, 34, 37, 62
Set, 61
Technical Cable Concepts, 90
Technical Support, vi
Termination Disable, 34
Troubleshooting, 73
U
UnixWare, 38
Unpack, 55
SCSI to SCSI, 17
SCSI-to-SCSI RAID Product, 7
Serial Port, 36
W
Windows NT, 33
Index
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