GE Network Router EX2100 User Manual

GEH-6632

GE Industrial Systems

EX2100^™Excitation Control

User’s Guide

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GE Industrial Systems

Document:

Issue Date:

GEH-6632

2000-09-30

EX2100^™Excitation Control

User’s Guide

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Printed in the United States of America.

These instructions do not purport to cover all details or variations in equipment, nor to

provide for every possible contingency to be met during installation, operation, and

maintenance. If further information is desired or if particular problems arise that are not

covered sufficiently for the purchaser’s purpose, the matter should be referred to GE

Industrial Systems, Salem, Virginia, USA.

This document contains proprietary information of General Electric Company, USA and

is furnished to its customer solely to assist that customer in the installation, testing,

operation, and/or maintenance of the equipment described. This document shall not be

reproduced in whole or in part nor shall its contents be disclosed to any third party

without the written approval of GE Industrial Systems.

Document Identification: GEH-6632

EX2100 is a trademark of General Electric Company, USA.

Cimplicity® is a registered trademark of GE Fanuc Automation North America, Inc.

Ethernet™ is a trademark of Xerox Corporation.

Mate-N-Lok® is a registered trademark of Amp Incorporated.

Windows NT® is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.

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Safety Symbol Legend

Indicates a procedure, condition, or statement that, if not

strictly observed, could result in personal injury or death.

Indicates a procedure, condition, or statement that, if not

strictly observed, could result in damage to or destruction of

equipment.

Note Indicates an essential or important procedure, condition, or statement.

EX2100 User's Guide GEH-6632

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This equipment contains a potential hazard of electric shock

or burn. Only personnel who are adequately trained and

thoroughly familiar with the equipment and the instructions

should install, operate, or maintain this equipment.

Isolation of test equipment from the equipment under test

presents potential electrical hazards. If the test equipment

cannot be grounded to the equipment under test, the test

equipment’s case must be shielded to prevent contact by

personnel.

To minimize hazard of electrical shock or burn, approved

grounding practices and procedures must be strictly followed.

To prevent personal injury or equipment damage caused by

equipment malfunction, only adequately trained personnel

should modify any programmable machine.

b • Safety Symbol Legend

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Contents

Chapter 1 Equipment Overview

1-1

Introduction............................................................................................................................ 1-1

System Overview ................................................................................................................... 1-2

Hardware Overview ............................................................................................................... 1-5

Software Overview................................................................................................................. 1-6

Technical Characteristics ....................................................................................................... 1-6

How to Get Help .................................................................................................................... 1-8

Related Documents ................................................................................................................ 1-8

Document Distribution............................................................................................. 1-8

Chapter 2 Functional Description

2-1

Introduction............................................................................................................................ 2-1

Exciter Hardware ................................................................................................................... 2-2

Exciter Configurations ........................................................................................................... 2-3

Power Conversion Cabinet..................................................................................................... 2-5

Manual Ac Disconnect (Optional)........................................................................... 2-5

Power Conversion Module (PCM)............................................................................. 2-5

Gate Pulse Amplifiers (EGPA Board) ..................................................................... 2-6

Main Dc Contactors. 41A or 41A/41B (Optional)................................................... 2-7

Free Wheeling Diode De-excitation ........................................................................ 2-7

Auxiliary Cabinet................................................................................................................... 2-8

Ac Line-to-Line Filters ............................................................................................ 2-8

De-excitation Module (EDEX)................................................................................ 2-8

Shaft Voltage Suppressor......................................................................................... 2-9

Field Flashing Module............................................................................................. 2-9

Field Ground Detector (EXAM and EGDM)........................................................... 2-9

High Voltage Interface – HVI.................................................................................. 2-9

Control Cabinet.................................................................................................................... 2-10

Diagnostic Interface (Keypad)............................................................................... 2-10

Control Module...................................................................................................... 2-11

Simplex Control System ........................................................................................ 2-12

Redundant Control System .................................................................................... 2-13

Control Power Supplies ......................................................................................... 2-14

Exciter Software................................................................................................................... 2-17

Auto Reference – AUTO REF............................................................................... 2-20

AVR Setpoint – EXASP........................................................................................ 2-20

Automatic Voltage Regulator – AVR.................................................................... 2-20

Manual Reference – MANUAL REF .................................................................... 2-21

Field Voltage and Current Regulators - FVR & FCR............................................ 2-21

Under Excitation Limiter – UEL ........................................................................... 2-22

Power System Stabilizer – PSS.............................................................................. 2-22

Operator Interface ................................................................................................................ 2-23

Turbine Control HMI............................................................................................. 2-23

Control System Toolbox (toolbox)........................................................................ 2-23

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

Contents • i

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Chapter 3 Printed Wiring Boards Overview

3-1

Introduction............................................................................................................................ 3-1

Control Boards....................................................................................................................... 3-2

Exciter Backplane (EBKP) ...................................................................................... 3-2

Digital Signal Processor Board (DSPX).................................................................. 3-2

ACLA Board............................................................................................................ 3-4

EISB Board.............................................................................................................. 3-4

EMIO Board ............................................................................................................ 3-4

ESEL Board............................................................................................................. 3-5

I/O Terminal Boards .............................................................................................................. 3-5

EPCT Board............................................................................................................. 3-5

ECTB Board ............................................................................................................ 3-6

EXTB Board ............................................................................................................ 3-6

EDCF Board ............................................................................................................ 3-6

EACF Board ............................................................................................................ 3-7

Bridge and Protection Boards and Modules........................................................................... 3-7

EGPA Board ............................................................................................................ 3-7

EXCS Board ............................................................................................................ 3-7

EDEX Board............................................................................................................ 3-8

EGDM Module ........................................................................................................ 3-8

EXAM Module ........................................................................................................ 3-9

Power Supply Boards............................................................................................................. 3-9

EPDM Module......................................................................................................... 3-9

EPBP Backplane...................................................................................................... 3-9

EPSM Module ....................................................................................................... 3-11

DACA – Ac to Dc Converter................................................................................. 3-11

Related Board Publications.................................................................................................. 3-11

Chapter 4 Terminal Board I/O and Equipment Connections

4-1

Introduction............................................................................................................................ 4-1

Power Connections and Analog I/O....................................................................................... 4-2

Power Potential Transformer Inputs ........................................................................ 4-3

Potential and Current Transformer Inputs................................................................ 4-3

Analog Input ............................................................................................................ 4-3

Customer Contact I/O ............................................................................................................ 4-4

Power Supply Inputs .............................................................................................................. 4-6

Line Filter Connections.......................................................................................................... 4-7

Exciter Internal I/O ................................................................................................................ 4-8

Exciter AC Feedback............................................................................................... 4-8

Exciter DC Feedback............................................................................................... 4-8

De-Excitation ....................................................................................................................... 4-11

Crowbar................................................................................................................................ 4-14

Field Ground Detector.......................................................................................................... 4-14

Field Flashing....................................................................................................................... 4-16

Dc Field Flashing Settings..................................................................................... 4-16

Flashing Control Sequence .................................................................................... 4-16

Shaft Voltage Suppressor..................................................................................................... 4-18

Data Highway Connections.................................................................................................. 4-19

Control System Toolbox Connection................................................................................... 4-20

Chapter 5 Diagnostic Interface-Keypad

5-1

Introduction............................................................................................................................ 5-1

Using the Pushbuttons............................................................................................................ 5-2

Reading the Display............................................................................................................... 5-5

ii • Contents

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Changing Display Units........................................................................................... 5-7

Adjusting Display Contrast...................................................................................... 5-7

Status Screen.......................................................................................................................... 5-8

Reading the Meters .................................................................................................. 5-8

Alternate Status Screen (Display I/O).................................................................................... 5-8

Using the Menus .................................................................................................................... 5-9

Viewing and Resetting Faults ................................................................................................ 5-9

Editing Parameters ............................................................................................................... 5-10

Parameter Backup.................................................................................................. 5-11

Firmware and Hardware Information................................................................................... 5-13

Protecting the Keypad.......................................................................................................... 5-14

Modifying the Protections...................................................................................... 5-14

Appendix A Warranty and Renewal Parts

A-1

Introduction........................................................................................................................... A-1

Identifying the Part................................................................................................................ A-2

Renewal Parts List .................................................................................................. A-2

Part Number Structure ............................................................................................ A-2

Warranty Terms .................................................................................................................... A-4

How to Order Parts ............................................................................................................... A-5

Data Nameplate....................................................................................................... A-5

ML Number ............................................................................................................ A-5

Appendix B Ratings and Specifications

B-1

Glossary of Terms

Index

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

Contents • iii

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Notes

iv • Contents

GEH-6632 EX2100 User’s Guide

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Chapter 1 Equipment Overview

Introduction

The EX2100ä Excitation Control (EX2100 or exciter) produces the field excitation

current to control generator ac terminal voltage and/or the reactive volt-amperes. It is

a full static excitation system designed for generators on both new and retrofit steam,

gas, and hydro turbines.

This chapter introduces the exciter and defines the document contents. Its purpose is

to present a general product overview as follows:

Section/Topic

Page

System Overview..................................................................................................... 1-2

Hardware Overview................................................................................................. 1-5

Software Overview .................................................................................................. 1-6

Technical Characteristics......................................................................................... 1-6

How to Get Help...................................................................................................... 1-8

Related Documents.................................................................................................. 1-8

Document Distribution ..................................................................................... 1-8

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

Appendix A

Appendix B

Glossary

Functional Description

Printed Wiring Boards Overview

Terminal Boards I/O and Equipment Connections

Diagnostic Interface (Keypad)

Warranty and Renewal Parts

Ratings and Specifications

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

Chapter 1 Equipment Overview • 1-1

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System Overview

The exciter is a flexible modular system that can be assembled to provide a range of

available output currents and several levels of system redundancy. These options

include power from a potential, compound, or auxiliary source. Single or multiple

bridges, warm backup bridges, and simplex or redundant controls are available. An

overview of the turbine generator excitation system is shown in Figure 1-1.

Power for the exciter is drawn from a power potential transformer connected to the

generator terminals, or from an excitation transformer connected to an auxiliary bus.

Generator line current and stator output voltage are the primary feedbacks to the

exciter, and dc voltage and current is the controlled output to the exciter field.

The architecture supports Ethernet LAN (Unit Data Highway) communication with

other GE equipment including the GE Control System Toolbox (toolbox) for

configuration, the turbine control, the LCI Static Starter, and the HMI (operator

interface).

Figure 1-2 is a simplified one line diagram of the exciter showing the power source,

generator current and voltage measurements, control module, power conversion

module (PCM), and protection circuits. In the potential source system, the secondary

of the PPT is connected to the input of a 3-phase full-wave inverting thyristor bridge.

The inverting bridge provides both positive and negative forcing voltage for

optimum performance. Negative forcing provides fast response for load rejection and

de-excitation.

Excitation control results from phase controlling the output of the SCR bridge

circuit. The SCR firing signals are generated by digital regulators in the controller.

In the redundant control option (Figure 1-2), either M1 or M2 can be the active

master control, while C monitors both to determine which should be the active and

which the standby controller. Dual independent firing circuits and automatic tracking

is used to ensure a smooth transfer to the standby controller.

Either simplex or redundant

control is available.

1-2 • Chapter 1 Equipment Overview

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Transmission Line

Step-up Transformer

Air Circuit Breaker (52G)

Current Transformers (CTs)

Potential

Transformers

(PTs)

Exciter Power

Potential

Transformer (PPT)

Turbine

Generator

Controlled

dc to Field

Power Conversion

Module (Bridge)

EX2100

Exciter

Ac Source

Control,

Sequencing,

Protection

Data Highway to Turbine

Control, HMI, & DCS

Instrumentation

Figure 1-1 Overview of Generator and Exciter System

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

Chapter 1 Equipment Overview • 1-3

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AC DC

Control

Load

Diagnostic

Interface

(Keypad)

Unit

Data

Highway

Power

Supplies

Customer I/O

Current

I/O

Voltage

Bridge I/O

AC CB

Aux

Generator

Source

Control

PPT

PCT (3)

Compound

Source only

Linear

Reactors

(3)

Gating Selector

AC CB or

Disconnect

Line Filter

Power

Conversion

Modules

(Bridge)

Flashing

Control

DC CB or

Contactor

Shunt

Active Field

Ground Detector

PT: Potential Transformer

CT: Current Transformer

CB: Circuit Breaker

I/O: Input/Output

PCT: Power Current Transformer

PPT: Power Potential Transformer

Deexcitation

Crowbar

Shaft Voltage Suppression

Figure 1-2. Exciter One Line Diagram

1-4 • Chapter 1 Equipment Overview

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Hardware Overview

The EX2100 hardware is contained in three cabinets as follows:

•

control cabinet for the control, communication, and I/O boards

auxiliary cabinet for field flashing and protection circuits such as de-excitation

and shaft voltage suppression

•

power conversion cabinet for the power SCR cells, cooling fans, dc contactors,

and ac disconnect

The exciter's power converter consists of bridge rectifiers, resistor/capacitor filter

configurations, and control circuitry. An outside view of the cabinets is shown in

Figure 1-3. The components and bridge size vary for different excitation systems and

for the power output required.

Control

Cabinet

Auxiliary

Cabinet

Contactors &

Disconnects

Fan

Drawers

Power

Conversion

Cabinet

Keypads

Figure 1-3. Exciter Cabinets

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

Chapter 1 Equipment Overview • 1-5

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Software Overview

Microprocessor-based controllers (ACLA and DSPX) execute the exciter control

code. The software consists of modules (blocks) combined to create the required

system functionality. Block definitions and configuration parameters are stored in

flash memory, while variables are stored in random-access memory (RAM).

The exciter application software emulates traditional analog controls. It uses an open

architecture system, with a library of existing software blocks configured from the

toolbox. The blocks individually perform specific functions, such as logic gates,

proportional integral (P.I.) regulators, function generators, and signal level detectors.

The control selects one of two modes, either generator voltage regulation (Auto

Regulation), or direct control (voltage or current, depending upon the application).

Generator protection functions are integrated into the control, including over and

under-excitation limiting, power system stabilization, and V/Hz limiting.

The blocks can be interrogated while the exciter is running by using the toolbox. The

dynamically changing I/O values of each block can be observed in operation, which

is valuable during startup or troubleshooting.

Technical Characteristics

Summary characteristics for the EX2100 are as follows; for further details refer to

Appendix B.

Unit Specific ratings are provided on equipment nameplate and

supercede all information herein.

EX2100 Characteristics

Description

Power Converter Module (PCM)

Single bridge rating

1,000 and 2,000 A dc at up to 1,000 V ac

Parallel bridge rating

8,000 A dc at up to 1,500 V ac; with up to 6 bridges

150% of design Amperes (EDA) for 30 s at 40 ºC

Forcing requirements

Power Sources

Power for the PCM – Voltage source

Auxiliary bus

Generator terminals

Compound source

600 or 1,000 V ac versions

Power Input for the PCM - VA

3251 kVA (1,000 V version)

Power for the PCM - Frequency

Flashing power

3-phase 50/60 Hz

Battery source 125 V dc or 250 V dc, with up to 200 A for at least 10 s

240 or 480 V ac, 50/60 Hz single-phase auxiliary source

For two ac sources, or one ac and one dc source:

Control power

Nominal 120 V ac ±15%, with 1 DACA, 10 A rms max.

Battery source, 125 V dc, range 80 – 140 V dc, 10.6 A dc max.

1-6 • Chapter 1 Equipment Overview

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Input/Output

QTY

Potential transformers (PTs)

3-phase standard, single phase available

120 V ac nominal

1 VA nominal burden

Current transformers (CTs, 1 or 5 A)

Any two phases, single phase available

1 VA nominal burden

86G dedicated contact input

52G dedicated contact input

Trip rated contact outputs

open for trip

closed for online

At 125 V dc with relay break characteristics:

Resistive load 0.5 A

Inductive load 0.2 A

General Purpose contact inputs

Customer contacts, 70 V dc supplied by ECTB

General Purpose Form C contact outputs

At 125 V dc with relay break characteristics:

Resistive load 0.5 A

Inductive load 0.1 A

± 10 V differential amplifier input

Thermal

Base controls cabinet

Continuous operation in a 0 to 40 ºC ambient environment, with 5 to

95% humidity, non-condensing

Base power conversion and auxiliary

cabinet

Continuous operation in a 0 to 40 ºC ambient environment, with 5 to

95% humidity, non-condensing

Cabinet Dimensions & Weight

Redundant control with dual PCM

redundant converter in a three-cabinet

lineup

Width 141.74 in (3600 mm)

Height 104.32 in (2650 mm)

Depth

31.5 in (800 mm)

Weight of Converter cabinet

3,600 lbs

5,600 lbs

Weight of Total Lineup (Converter,

Control, and Auxiliary cabinets)

Cabinet type, control & auxiliary

enclosures

NEMA 1 (IEC IP 20), convection cooled

Cabinet type, power conversion

Power and Control Cable Access

NEMA 1 (IEC IP 20), forced air cooled

Entrances from the top and/or bottom

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

Chapter 1 Equipment Overview • 1-7

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How to Get Help

If help is needed beyond the instructions provided in the drive system

documentation, contact GE as follows:

“+” indicates the

international access code

required when calling from

outside of the USA.

GE Industrial Systems

Product Service Engineering

1501 Roanoke Blvd.

Salem, VA 24153-6492 USA

Phone: + 1 888 GE4 SERV (888 434 7378, United States)

+ 1 540 378 3280 (International)

Fax:

+ 1 540 387 8606 (All)

Related Documents

The following documents also apply to the exciter and may assist in understanding

the system.

GEI-100256C EX2100 Receiving, Storage, & Handling

GEH-6631 EX2100 Installation and Startup Guide

GEH-6633 EX2100 Troubleshooting, Preventive and Online Maintenance

GEH-6403 Control System Toolbox for Mark VI Turbine Controller

Printed Wiring Board (GEI) publications, refer to Chapter 3.

Document Distribution

GE Industrial Systems supplies product documents to its customers to support the

equipment provided for each requisition. The contract documents define the terms of

the document distribution.

If provided (per contract) the following documents contain requisition information

about the drive system.

•

Requisition drawings, including outlines, layouts, and elementary diagrams

Renewal parts listing

Note If differences exist between the general product documentation and the

requisition documentation, the requisition documentation should be considered the

more exact representation of your equipment or system configuration.

1-8 • Chapter 1 Equipment Overview

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Chapter 2 Functional Description

Introduction

This chapter describes the function of the EX2100 static exciter and the individual

control and protection circuits. Power supplies and the distribution of power is also

covered. The functional description information is organized as follows:

Section

Page

Exciter Hardware ..................................................................................................... 2-2

Exciter Configurations............................................................................................. 2-3

Power Conversion Cabinet ...................................................................................... 2-5

Manual Ac Disconnect (Optional).................................................................... 2-5

Power Converter Module (PCM)...................................................................... 2-5

Gate Pulse Amplifiers (EGPA Board).............................................................. 2-6

Main Dc Contactors. 41A or 41A/41B (Optional)............................................ 2-7

Free Wheeling Diode De-excitation ................................................................. 2-7

Auxiliary Cabinet..................................................................................................... 2-8

Ac Line-to-Line Filters..................................................................................... 2-8

De-excitation Module (EDEX)......................................................................... 2-8

Shaft Voltage Suppressor.................................................................................. 2-9

Field Flashing Module...................................................................................... 2-9

Field Ground Detector (EXAM and EGDM) ................................................... 2-9

High Voltage Interface – HVI .......................................................................... 2-9

Control Cabinet...................................................................................................... 2-10

Diagnostic Interface (Keyad).......................................................................... 2-10

Control Module............................................................................................... 2-11

Simplex Control System................................................................................. 2-12

Redundant Control System............................................................................. 2-13

Control Power Supplies .................................................................................. 2-14

Exciter Software .................................................................................................... 2-17

Auto Reference – AUTO REF........................................................................ 2-20

AVR Setpoint – EXASP................................................................................. 2-20

Automatic Voltage Regulator – AVR............................................................. 2-20

Manual Reference – MANUAL REF ............................................................. 2-21

Field Voltage and Current Regulators - FVR & FCR..................................... 2-21

Under Excitation Limiter – UEL .................................................................... 2-22

Power System Stabilizer – PSS ...................................................................... 2-22

Human Machine Interface (HMI) .......................................................................... 2-23

Mark VI HMI.................................................................................................. 2-23

Toolbox........................................................................................................... 2-23

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

Chapter 2 Functional Description • 2-1

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Exciter Hardware

The EX2100 exciter consists of the following basic components.

•

Power Conversion Module (PCM) and cooling fans

Power potential transformer (PPT) (mounted separate from exciter)

Line-to-line filters

•

Shaft voltage suppressor

De-excitation module

Diagnostic Interface (keypad)

Controllers and I/O boards

Control power supplies

Optional components that can be added to the exciter are:

•

Warm backup bridge configuration

Multibridge configuration for high current requirements

Compound power source (separate from exciter)

Auxiliary power source (bus-fed)

Crowbar module (for hydro and other special applications)

Dc Disconnect

Field ground detector

Redundant ac source for power supply

Ac disconnect

Field flashing module

Redundant controllers providing a Triple Modular Redundant (TMR) system

GE Control System Toolbox (toolbox) for configuration

The control hardware is basically the same for the different types of excitation. The

power conversion hardware is defined by application requirements, which therefore

determines the exciter bridge size.

2-2 • Chapter 2 Functional Description

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Exciter Configurations

EX2100 Exciters can be supplied with single or redundant control, and with single or

redundant bridges. Variations of the single control type are shown in Figure 2-1.

Simplex Control with

Single PCM

Simplex Control with

Parallel PCMs

PCM PCM PCM PCM PCM PCM

Control with

I/O and

Operator

Keypad

Control with

I/O and

Operator

Keypad

PCM

Figure 2-1. Simplex Control Configurations

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

Chapter 2 Functional Description • 2-3

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Exciters with dual (redundant) control are shown in Figure 2-2. Multiple PCMs can

be supplied in simplex, warm backup, or redundant n+1 or n+2 modes (with n+1 or

n+2 equal to 6).

Dual Control with

Single PCM

Dual Control with

Warm Backup PCMs

M1 Control,

I/O and

Operator

Keypad

I/O and

Operator

Keypad

PCM

M2 Control,

I/O and

Operator

Keypad

M2 Control,

I/O and

Operator

Keypad

C Control

Selection

Logic &

C Control

Selection

Logic &

Protection

Dual Control with Parallel PCMs

M1 Control,

I/O and

Operator

Keypad

PCM

M2 Control,

I/O and

Operator

Keypad

C Control

Selection

Logic &

Protection

Figure 2-2. Dual Control System Configurations

2-4 • Chapter 2 Functional Description

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Power Conversion Cabinet

The Power Conversion cabinet contains the Power Conversion Module (PCM), the

Exciter Gate Pulse Amplifier (EGPA) board, ac circuit breaker, and the dc circuit

contactor. Three-phase power for the PCM comes from a PPT external to the exciter.

The ac supply comes into the cabinet through the ac circuit breaker (if supplied), and

is filtered by 3-phase line filters in the auxiliary cabinet.

Manual Ac Disconnect (Optional)

The manual ac disconnect switch serves as a disconnect device between the

secondary of the power potential transformer and the static exciter. It is a molded

case, 3-phase, non-automatic, panel-mounted switch, which is manually operated for

isolating the ac input supply. It is a no-load disconnect device.

Power Conversion Module (PCM)

The exciter PCM includes the bridge rectifiers, dc leg fuses, thyristor protection

circuitry (for example, snubbers, filters, and fuses) and leg reactor assemblies. The

components vary for different bridge ratings based on the power output required.

Bridge Rectifier

Each bridge rectifier is a 3-phase full-wave thyristor bridge The bridge has six SCRs

(thyristors) controlled by the Exciter Gate Pulse Amplifier board (EGPA) as shown

in Figure 2-3. Heat is dissipated through large aluminum cooling fins and forced air

flow from overhead fans.

Leg Reactors and Cell Snubbers

The commutating reactors are located in the ac legs feeding the SCRs, and the

snubbers are an RC circuit from the anode to the cathode of each SCR. The cell

snubbers, line-to-line snubbers and line reactors together perform the following

functions to prevent misoperation of the SCRs.

•

Limit the rate of change of current through the SCRs and provide a current dump

to aid in starting conduction.

•

Limit the rate of change in voltage across the cell and, during cell commutation,

limit the reverse voltage that occurs across the cell.

The SCR snubbers include PRV resistors to limit the peak reverse voltage. These

resistors can be removed if required.

Three-phase input power is fed to the bridge from the secondary of the PPT, either

directly or through an ac breaker or disconnect, and a line-to-line filter. With

inverting bridge designs, the bridge is capable of negative forcing voltage, which

provides fast response for load rejection and de-excitation. The dc current output of

the bridge is fed through a shunt, and on some designs a contactor (41A or both 41A

and 41B) to the generator field. The bridge design utilizes dc leg fuses to protect the

SCRs from overcurrrent.

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

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Current Shunt

A dc shunt provides the bridge output current feedback signal. The mV output signal

is input to a differential amplifier on the EDCF board. The amplifier output voltage

controls the frequency of an oscillator, which generates a fiber-optic signal sent to

the control module. The bridge output voltage feedback signal is generated in a

similar way.

EDCF provides dc current

and voltage feedback

To dc Breaker,

Shunt, and

Generator Field +

FU3A

FU3B

FU1A

FU1B

FU2A

FU2B

SCR1

SCR2

SCR3

Ac power

Input

Snubber 1

Snubber 4

Snubber 3

Snubber 6

Snubber 2

Snubber 5

SCR4

FU4A

SCR5

SCR6

FU6A

FU6B

FU4B

FU5A

FU5B

Gen. Field -

Gate Driver Inputs from EGPA Board

Figure 2-3. Power Bridge

Gate Pulse Amplifiers (EGPA Board)

The EGPA board interfaces the control to the Power Bridge. EGPA takes the gate

commands from the ESEL board in the controller, and generates the gate firing

pulses for six SCRs (Silicon Controlled Rectifiers). It is also the interface for current

conduction feedback, and bridge airflow and temperature monitoring.

The gate pulse amplifiers

directly control the SCRs.

On a new exciter, an RTD is used to monitor the temperature and generate alarms

instead of the Klixon switches. Additional switches actuated by fan rotation monitor

cooling air flow across the bridge. On an exciter controls only retrofit, the exciter

may have provisions for accepting feedback from two thermal switches mounted

on the SCR heatsink assemblies. One thermal switch opens at the alarm level

(170 °F (76 °C)) and the other at the trip level (190 °F (87 °C)). These switches

are wired to the EGPA board and may require retrofitting into the existing bridge. If

either switch opens, a bridge overtemperature alarm is generated. If both switches

open, a fault and a trip are generated.

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Cooling Fan Assembly

The SCR bridge assembly is cooled with forced air. From two to six overhead fans

are used, depending on the bridge rating and redundancy requirements. The fans are

applications, a fan may be replaced while the exciter is running.

Main Dc Contactors. 41A or 41A/41B (Optional)

The main dc contactor (at the output of the power conversion module) provides a

disconnect between the power conversion module and the generator field. The

contactor picks up when the running mode is selected and no fault exists in the

excitation. The contactors are normally actuated using pilot relays on the EXTB

board driven by the controller. The auxiliary contacts from the contactor are routed

back through the EXTB board as feedback signals.

Free Wheeling Diode De-excitation

De-excitation, the dissipation of the field current after the dc contactor opens, can be

done with a free wheeling diode. This diode is connected from the generator field

negative lead (anode) to the positive lead (cathode). The reverse voltage causes

current to flow through the diode, and the field resistance causes the current decay.

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

Chapter 2 Functional Description • 2-7

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Auxiliary Cabinet

The auxiliary cabinet is located next to the power conversion cabinet and contains

modules to protect the generator and provide startup dc power. Modules for filtering

the incoming ac power, for de-excitation, shaft voltage suppression, and field

flashing are mounted in this cabinet.

Ac Line-to-Line Filters

Fuse protected line-to-line series RC filter circuits (snubbers) are provided to damp

the ac system to prevent voltage spikes at the completion of SCR commutation.

There are two styles of filters employed depending on the voltage. The 600 V filter

uses RC circuits and MOVs. The 1000 V filter uses the 600 V version with

additional RC circuits. Refer to Chapter 4 for details and connections.

De-excitation Module (EDEX)

During any shutdown, the energy stored in the generator field must be dissipated. In

a normal shutdown, a stop is initiated by an operator. The bridge is fired at retard

limit and sufficient time is allowed for the field to decay before the field contactors

are opened. During an abort stop (trip), the field contactors are opened immediately.

The stored field energy must be dissipated through some other means.

SCR De-excitation Module (EDEX)

For customers requiring a rapid de-excitation, an SCR de-excitation module is

provided. In the EDEX module, an SCR is fired to provide a conduction path

through the field discharge resistor (or inductor) for the field current to flow and

dissipate the field energy.

The de-excitation module has dual independent firing control circuits. Each is

activated by a parallel combination of auxiliary contacts representing the status of

the field contactor(s), bridge ac supply breaker, and exciter bridge operating state.

Any one of these paths can gate the de-excitation SCR which does not conduct

unless the field voltage is inverted. If neither firing control circuit can fire the SCR, it

is fired on overvoltage when the anode to gate voltage on the SCR exceeds the break

over voltage of the breakover diode string connected between the anode and gate.

De-excitation modules can be paralleled for larger excitation systems.

Thyrite

In systems that do not use the standard de-excitation module, a thyrite is connected

across the dc output buses of the thyristor bridge. This protects the thyristors from

high peak inverse voltages, which may occur as a result of abnormal generator

operation. These are typically only supplied on salient pole generators.

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Shaft Voltage Suppressor

Excitation systems, which produce a dc voltage from ac through a solid state

rectification process, produce ripple and spike voltages at the exciter output. Due to

their rapid rise and decay times, these voltages are capacitively coupled from the

field winding to the rotor body. This creates a voltage on the shaft relative to ground.

Shaft voltage, if not effectively controlled, can be damaging to both journals and

bearings. The shaft voltage suppressor is a filter that conducts the high frequency

components of the induced voltages to ground. (This filter is shipped loose in some

cases, otherwise it is part of the lineup).

The Shaft Voltage Suppressor

protects the shaft bearings.

Field Flashing Module

The field flashing module is provided on generator terminal fed excitation systems. It

supplies initial exciter current and builds generator voltage, supplying approximately

10% - 15% of no-load field current from the station batteries during the startup

sequence. If large machines require ac field flashing, the ac power is supplied

through an isolation transformer. Both designs require customer supplied power.

Field Ground Detector (EXAM and EGDM)

The generator field winding is electrically isolated from ground. The existence of

one ground usually does not damage the rotor. However, the presence of two or

more grounds in the field winding path causes magnetic and thermal imbalances and

localized heating, which may damage the rotor forging or other metallic parts.

The field ground detector

protects the generator shaft.

The function of the field ground detector is to detect a ground path from any exciter

component connected to and including the main field windings.

The Exciter Attenuator Module (EXAM) drives the electrical center of the field

winding with a low frequency ac voltage relative to ground. To detect the current

flow, the voltage across a sensing resistor is picked up by EXAM and measured by

the EGDM module. This signal is sent over a fiber-optic link to the controller where

it is monitored and alarmed. The EGDM boards (1 for simplex and 3 for redundant)

are mounted in the control power supply module located in the control cabinet.

High Voltage Interface – HVI

The HVI contains the ac and dc bus, plus the line filter fuses. It also contains two

terminal boards providing bridge feedback to the control and the EXAM board. The

EACF board accepts incoming PPT ac voltage and air core CT current signals. It has

transformers to isolate the voltages and produce low level signals. The EDCF board

measures the bridge dc current and voltage, and sends it over fiber-optics to the

control.

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

Chapter 2 Functional Description • 2-9

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Control Cabinet

The control cabinet contains the keypad control rack, control power distribution

module and supplies, and I/O terminal boards.

Diagnostic Interface (Keypad)

The keypad is a local operator interface that is mounted on the control cabinet door.

Refer to Figure 2-4 for a view of the keypad and a summary of the operator and

maintenance functions available. Chapter 5 describes the keypad in detail.

A second keypad is provided

for redundant controls.

EX2100 Excitation Control

Exciter Health

& State Icons

FVR Feedback

0.0 Volts

FldCurrAmps

0.00 Amps

100% 150%

-30%

Vmag

Imag

Watts

0.00

Freq_Hz

0.00

Balance Meter

0.00

Vars

60.00

0.00

Off

Exciter Control

Navigation

Run (Green)

Stop (Red)

Reset

Auto

Status

Faults

Command

Man

Voltage Level

Escape

Enter

Display:

Pushbuttons:

Status screens provide analog and digital

Organized into functional groups:

representation of exciter functions and values.

Navigation buttons for using the menu

Exciter Control buttons

Menu screens provide text-based access to

parameters, wizards, and faults.

Run and Stop buttons

Figure 2-4. Diagnostic Interface – Keypad

Start/stop commands, regulator transfer commands, and regulator activation

commands can be issued from the keypad. The keypad also includes meter displays

indicating system conditions such as generator MW and MVARs, field current and

voltage, and regulator balance. Diagnostic displays such as the alarm history display

provide system information for maintenance and troubleshooting.

2-10 • Chapter 2 Functional Description

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Control Module

The control module is a VME-style rack with boards cable connected to the I/O

terminal boards. This rack is divided into three independently powered sections for

the M1, M2, and C controllers. Each controller consists of control and I/O processor

boards. If the rack contains only the M1 controller then it is a simplex control

system; if the rack contains all three controllers then it is a redundant control system.

The control and I/O processor boards are as follows:

•

Microprocessor-based Application Control Layer Module (ACLA) controller,

with LAN Ethernet port

•

Microprocessor-based Digital Signal Processor (DSPX) controller

Exciter ISBus Board (EISB), with fiber-optic communication with the bridge

feedback board

•

Exciter Main I/O Board (EMIO), with control of pilot relays and gating

commands to the ESEL board

Exciter Selector Board (ESEL), with gate pulse distribution from the active

controller to the EGPA.

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

Chapter 2 Functional Description • 2-11

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Simplex Control System

The interconnections between the simplex control and the terminal boards,

generator protection modules, and power supply are shown in Figure 2-5. Only one

EPSM power supply is used but this can have both ac and dc supplies for increased

reliability.

Ethernet Data Highway to

Mark VI, LCI, and HMI

Control Module M1

Keypad

To Flashing

Computer (Tool)

EXTB

panel

3-phase

Voltage

Sensing

53A

pilot

41 Device

De-

excitation

3-phase

Current

Sensing

53B 41

pilot trip

Crowbar

70 V dc

125 Vdc

De-ex

pilot

EPCT

Contact

Inputs

TRIP

2nd

TRIP

Gate Pulse Amplifier

Contact

Outputs

EGPA

70 Vdc

To SCRs

125Vdc

Field Current

& Voltage

Fiber-optic Feedback

5 Vdc

EDCF

ECTB

70 Vdc

EPSM

EGDM

PPT and air

core CT

ac feedbacks

15 Vdc

24 Vdc

Power

Supply

Field

Ground

Detector

EACF

EXAM

De-

excitation

EDEX

GPA power

Coil Power

EPDM

125 Vdc

Option:

DACA

Rectified ac

125 V dc

Battery

Optional:

Crowbar

Figure 2-5. Simplex Control and Cabling to Terminal Boards

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Redundant Control System

A redundant control system has three controllers and three redundant power supplies,

one for each controller. The power supply rack also holds three ground detector

modules. Figure 2-6 shows three EDCF boards, and there can be three EPCT boards,

if required.

Up to two Ethernet cables are connected to the ACLA controllers (one to M1 and

one to M2) for redundant communication with the turbine control and HMIs. Two

keypads are shown connected to M1 and M2. Both keypads have access to the

information in controller C.

Ethernet Data Highway to Turbine Control and HMI

Keypad

EBKP

Backplane

PT PT

EXTB

To Flashing

panel

53A

pilot close

Fan-out

circuits

41 Device

53A

pilot

De-

53A

excitation

pilot close

53B

pilot

trip

Crowbar

-125Vdc

53B

pilot

trip

De-ex

pilot

EPCT

70V

trip

53B

pilot

TRIP

Tool

Gate Pulse Amplifiers

2nd

TRIP

EGPA

125Vdc

EGPA

125Vdc

EDCF

70V

Fiber-optic Field

V & I feedback

ECTB

EDCF

P24V

70V

P24V

PN24V

70V

PN24V

PPT and air core CT

(AC) Feedbacks

EPSM

Power

Supply

EPSM

Power

Supply

Power

Supply

EACF

EDEX

De-excitation

125 Vdc

Coil Power

EPBP

back

plane

EPDM

EXAM

Attenuator

GPA power

Field

Optional:

Crowbar

125 V dc

Battery

Ground

Detector

EGDM

Option:

DACA

Rectified ac

Figure 2-6. Redundant Control System Cabling

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

Chapter 2 Functional Description • 2-13

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Controller C

Controller C is only used with redundant systems. It is mounted in the control rack

and is physically similar to the M1 and M2 controllers, however, C is not responsible

for bridge firing and therefore does not contain an ESEL, or ACLA board.

Controller C receives the same feedback voltage and current inputs as the other

controllers and contains similar software. Its purpose is to monitor the active and

backup controllers (M1 or M2) and initiate appropriate protective responses in the

event the system conditions exceed the defined regulation boundaries. Input and

output signal voting takes place in all three controllers, which are linked in a Triple

Modular Redundant (TMR) controller configuration.

Each controller contains up to six boards, interconnected through the backplane as

shown in the simplified diagram of Figure 2-7.

Ethernet Data Highway (EGD, Modbus)

To plant controls

Serial

Modbus

ACLA

DSPX

ACLA

DSPX

I/O

DPM

Communication

across backplane

ISBus

Figure 2-7. Communication between Redundant Control Boards

Control Power Supplies

Power for the controls come from the Exciter Power Distribution Module (EPDM).

This is supplied by a 125 V dc source and one or two 115 V ac sources. The ac

source is passed through an ac/dc converter (DACA) as shown in Figure 2-8. The

resulting 125 V dc is diode coupled with the other dc sources to create a dc bus that

feeds the control modules and gate pulse amplifier boards. Fused outputs from the

EPDM feed power to the EGPA boards, EXTB, and the Exciter Power Backplane

(EPBP). Each output has an LED indication and an on/off isolation switch.

Redundant supplies provide

high reliability.

The EPDM mounts on the left side of the Exciter Power Supply rack. Up to three

Exciter Power Supply Modules (EPSM) mount in the EPBP backplane and provide

logic level power to the controller(s). The EPSMs are fed by 125 V dc from the

EPDM, and generate supply voltages of +5 V dc, ±15 V dc, and +24 V dc. In

2-14 • Chapter 2 Functional Description

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addition there is an isolated 70 V dc output for use by EXTB and ECTB for contact

wetting.

Up to three ground detection modules (EGDM) are also mounted in the EPBP, as

shown in Figure 2-9. These communicate with the EXAM module, which is located

in the auxiliary cabinet.

Exciter Power Distribution Module (EPDM)

N125V

P125V

TB1

J8A

J8B

FU1

3.15A

P125

DS1

EGPA1

SW1

FU2

3.15A

125

V dc

Filter

FU3

3.15A

DS2

EGPA2

SW2

FU4

3.15A

N125

FU5

3.15A

J8C₁

115 Vac DACA #1

JDACA1

DS3

JDACA1

AC1 Hot

SW3

EGPA3

FU6

3.15A

115

Vac

Filter

J9₁

EXTB

DS4

AC1 Neu.

AC2 Hot

J1M1

FU7

115 Vac DACA #2

JDACA2

EPSM1

DS5

SW4

SW5

SW6

FU8

J1M2₂

DS6

FU9

115

Vac

EPSM2

Filter

FU10

J1C

FU11

EPSM3

DS7

FU12

AC2 Neu.

BJS jumper is supplied for

isolation of ground reference

on systems with external

reference

BJS

Chassis

Ground

Figure 2-8. Exciter Power Distribution Module

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

Chapter 2 Functional Description • 2-15

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Power to Exciter Backplane

EBKP (Control Rack)

To M1

To M2 To C

EDEX EDCF

CONTROL

J602

CONTROL

J602

CONTROL

EDEX

EETB

ECTB

EDEX

EETB

ECTB

EDEX

EETB

J602

ECTB

EXTB

Exciter Power

Distribution

Module

EDEX

CROWBAR

EGDM FAN MEDIA

EDEX EGDM FAN MEDIA

CONV

CROWBAR

CONV

CROWBAR

EPDM

Fan

EPSM

EGDM

Ground

Detector

EPSM

Power

Supply

EGDM

EPSM

Power

Supply

EGDM

Ground

Detector

Blank

plate

Power

Supply

Ground

Detector

J1_M2

J1_C

J2C

J1_M1

GROUND

DETECT

To J1M1

To J1M2

To J1C

125 V dc

115 V ac

Supplies

Figure 2-9. Exciter Power Backplane (EPBP) with EPDM, Power Supplies & Ground

Detector Modules

2-16 • Chapter 2 Functional Description

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Exciter Software

The exciter software is configured and loaded from the toolbox, and resides in the

controllers. The software is represented on the toolbox screen by control blocks

linked together to show the signal flow. Figure 2-10 is a simplified overview of the

exciter control system displaying the main control functions. Both the generator field

and stator currents and voltages are measured and input to the control system. In

normal operation the ac regulator is selected. Figure 2-11 is the simplified software

block diagram displaying the main control blocks.

The generator voltages and currents from the PTs and CTs are wired to the EPCT

board, which acts as a signal conditioner to isolate and scale the signals. The

conditioned signals are then fed to the controller. Software conversion algorithms

use these signals to calculate system variables for use by the regulator, limiter, and

protection functions. The outputs from these software calculations include the

following:

•

Generator voltage magnitude and generator frequency derived from the PTs

The magnitude of generator current derived from the CTs

Generator power, P

Generator reactive volt amperes (VARs), Q

Change in rotor speed calculated from the integral of accelerating power that is

normally used as the input to the optional Power System Stabilizer (PSS)

•

Generator active and reactive current

Magnitude of generator flux (VHz)

Line voltage derived from the PTs

Line frequency derived from line PTs

Phase angle correlation between the generator and line, derived from generator

and line PTs

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

Chapter 2 Functional Description • 2-17

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Voltage/Current

Sensing

Regulator

DC Voltage

adjust

Exciter

Bridge

Generator

Regulator

Voltage

adjust

Exciter System

Stabilizer Circuits

Over-excitation

Limiter

Under-excitation

Limiter

V/Hz Limiter &

Protection

VAR/Power Factor

Control

Voltage Sensing &

Load Compensation

Power System

Stabilizer

Figure 2-10. Control Scheme

2-18 • Chapter 2 Functional Description

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Reactive

Current

External

Raise/

Lower

AUTO

REF

EXASP

Setpoint

Exciter AVR

Setpoint.

Watts

Slip

PSS

V/Hz Limit;

Reactive

Current

Compen-

sation.

AVR

Setpoint

and

Power

System

Stabilizer

Tracking

Frequency

VMAG

Watts

VARs

AVR

UEL

Automatic

Voltage

Regulator

Under

Excitation

Limit

FVR

Generator

Terminal

Voltage

VMAG

Track

Value

Setpoint

(VMAG)

FVR

Field Voltage Regulator Setpoint

External

Raise/

Lower

Field

Voltage

Regulator

MANUAL

REF

Firing

Commd

Bridge

Min.

FCR Setpoint

(User Input)

Field Volts from Bridge Output

FCR

Field

Current

Regulator

Field Current from Bridge DC Shunt

Figure 2-11. Software Block Diagram

The output of the control software is the firing command, which is sent to the bridge

to generate the field current. The individual function blocks are discussed in the

following sections.

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

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Auto Reference – AUTO REF

The AUTOREF block generates an auto (or Auto Control (AC)) setpoint for the

Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) based on user-supplied parameters and

conditions. Raise/lower inputs to AUTO REF come in from the other devices on the

Data Highway such as the turbine control or HMI. A variable rate integrator

generates the output setpoint within preset limits. The setpoint is combined with

other auxiliary stabilizing and protective signals in the EXASP block to form the

reference to the AVR block.

AVR Setpoint – EXASP

The EXASP block combines a number of functions to produce the setpoint

(reference input) to the AVR, and the AVR tracking value. The EXASP inputs are as

follows:

•

Stabilizing signal from the PSS block

Output from the AUTOREF block

External test signal

Protective signal generated by the UEL block

Reactive current input (feedback)

Voltage magnitude input (feedback)

Frequency input (feedback)

The outputs to the AVR block are the AVR setpoint and tracking value.

Automatic Voltage Regulator – AVR

The AVR block maintains the generator terminal voltage. The setpoint (reference)

comes from the EXASP block, and the feedback is the generator voltage. The error

value is input to a proportional plus integral (PI) regulator with integrator windup

protection, which produces an output signal. Figure 2-12 shows the block diagram.

When the AVR is enabled, the AVR output is passed through directly from the track

input to the output of the Field Voltage Regulator (FVR).

Generator terminal voltage is

controlled by the AVR.

2-20 • Chapter 2 Functional Description

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Preset Condition

Preset State True

Preset Not True

0.05

a>b?

Software

Jumper 0 Jumper 1

Proportional Gain

Output Value

Enable

Gain

Scaling

Positive

Limit

Integration

Output

Tracking

Control

Preset

State

Integral Gain

AVR

Setpoint

Error

Output

Negative

Limit

Generator

Voltage

Integrator

Tracking Input

Tracking

Gain r/s

AVR

Status

Preset

Value

Status of

Regulators

Anti-

windup

Figure 2-12. Automatic Voltage Regulator Block

Manual Reference – MANUAL REF

The MANUAL REF block generates a manual setpoint for the FVR or FCR based on

user-supplied parameters and conditions. Raise/Lower inputs to MANUAL REF

come in from other control devices on the Data Highway such as the turbine control

or HMI.

Field Voltage and Current Regulators - FVR & FCR

The Field Voltage Regulator (FVR) is the typical manual regulator supplied on most

applications and uses the generator field voltage as the feedback input. While FVR

does permit the current to vary as a function of the field resistance, the FVR makes

the manual regulator completely independent from the over excitation limiter. FVR

uses the voltage from the generator field as feedback, with a setpoint from the

MANUAL REF block. A PI regulator with integral windup protection generates the

output. During operation in AVR mode, the output of the AVR is passed directly to

the FVR output with no signal conditioning. On units that operate with an inner field

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

Chapter 2 Functional Description • 2-21

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voltage regulator loop such as compound exciters and some high ceiling exciters, the

FVR uses a setpoint from either the AVR or the MANUAL REF block, and is

always operational whether in manual or automatic operation.

The Field Current Regulator (FCR) is a special application of the manual regulator

and uses the generator field current as the feedback input. The current setpoint is

generally switched between a high level and lower level to provide transient forcing

capability as well as steady state operation within the capability of the generator.

Generally the setpoint is larger than expected field currents and the integral preset is

operational. The FCR output is held at positive ceiling until enable becomes true

which allows the output to follow the P+I regulator. The bridge firing command is

the smaller of the FVR and FCR outputs. While it does regulate constant field

current over varying field temperature, FCR is not the standard manual regulator.

Under Excitation Limiter – UEL

The UEL block is an auxiliary control to limit the automatic voltage regulator

demand for underexcited reactive current (or reactive power). UEL prevents

reduction of the generator excitation to a level where the small-signal (steady state)

stability limit, or the stator core end-region heating limit is exceeded. Performance is

specified by identifying the region of limiter action on the generator capability curve.

There is both a setpoint section and regulator section of the UEL. The two key inputs

are generator terminal voltage and real power.

Power System Stabilizer – PSS

The PSS block provides an additional input to the automatic regulator to improve

power system dynamic performance. A number of different quantities may be used

as inputs to the PSS, such as shaft speed, frequency, synchronous machine electrical

power, accelerating power, or some combination of the above. The PSS used with

the exciter is multi-input using a combination of synchronous machine electrical

power and internal frequency (which approximates rotor speed) to arrive at a signal

proportional to rotor speed. This comes from the integral of accelerating power, but

with shaft torsional signals greatly attenuated. The input signal is derived entirely

from generator terminal quantities without the need for shaft speed transducers. No

additional external hardware is required.

2-22 • Chapter 2 Functional Description

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Operator Interface

Operator and engineering work stations such as the HMI (Human Machine Interface)

The HMI contains exciter and

turbine graphic displays.

and the toolbox communicate with the exciter. This allows operator monitoring and

control of the exciter, and engineering access to system diagnostics and control

block configuration

Turbine Control HMI

On turbine generator sets that include Mark VI turbine controls, the exciter shares

the HMI. The HMI is Windows NT^®based with CIMPLICITY operator display

software and communication drivers for the data highways. From the HMI, the

operator can initiate commands and view real-time data and alarms on the

CIMPLICITY graphic displays. An HMI can be configured as a server or viewer,

and can contain tools and utility programs.

An HMI can be mounted in a

control console or on a

tabletop.

The Unit Data Highway (UDH) connects the exciter with the HMI or HMI/Data

Server. The network is 10BaseT Ethernet, and uses separately powered network

switches. For longer runs, fiber-optic cables can be used.

Redundant cable operation is

optional and, if supplied,

operation continues even if

one cable is faulted.

Control System Toolbox (toolbox)

The toolbox is used to configure and maintain the exciter. Control blocks and

diagrams can be modified by configuration and loaded into the control. With the

exciter online, real-time data is available on the toolbox screen, including control

system diagnostics for troubleshooting. The toolbox software runs on an HMI server

or a separate PC on the UDH. Direct connection to the controller DSPX board is also

possible through the Tool port on the control rack backplane.

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

Chapter 2 Functional Description • 2-23

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Notes

2-24 • Chapter 2 Functional Description

GEH-6632 EX2100 User’s Guide

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Chapter 3 Printed Wiring Boards

Overview

Introduction

This chapter describes the EX2100 printed wiring boards and their operation. These

boards fall into four functional groups; control rack boards including controller

boards and I/O processors, I/O terminal boards, bridge control and protection

modules, and power supply boards. This chapter is organized as follows:

Section

Page

Control Boards......................................................................................................... 3-2

EBKP Backplane .............................................................................................. 3-2

DSPX Board ..................................................................................................... 3-2

ACLA Board..................................................................................................... 3-4

EISB Board....................................................................................................... 3-4

EMIO Board ..................................................................................................... 3-4

ESEL Board...................................................................................................... 3-4

I/O Terminal Boards ................................................................................................ 3-5

EPCT Board...................................................................................................... 3-5

ECTB Board ..................................................................................................... 3-5

EXTB Board..................................................................................................... 3-5

EDCF Board ..................................................................................................... 3-6

EACF Board ..................................................................................................... 3-6

Bridge and Protection Boards and Modules............................................................. 3-7

EGPA Board..................................................................................................... 3-7

EXCS Board ..................................................................................................... 3-7

EDEX Board..................................................................................................... 3-7

EGDM Module................................................................................................. 3-7

EXAM Module................................................................................................. 3-8

Power Supply Boards............................................................................................... 3-9

EPDM Module.................................................................................................. 3-9

EPBP Backplane............................................................................................... 3-9

EPSM Module .................................................................................................. 3-9

DACA – Ac to Dc Converter.......................................................................... 3-10

Related Board Publications.................................................................................... 3-11

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

Chapter 3 Printed Wiring Boards Overview • 3-1

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Control Boards

The control boards are located in the control module. This module consists of the

exciter backplane (EBKP) and the metal chassis that holds the boards (refer to Figure

3-1). The control boards are as follows:

•

IS200DSPX Digital Signal Processor control board (DSPX)

IS215ACLA Application Control Layer Module (ACLA)

IS200EISB Exciter ISBus Board (EISB)

IS200EMIO Exciter Main I/O board (EMIO)

IS200ESEL Exciter Selector board (ESEL)

EBKP Backplane

The EBKP provides the backplane for the control boards and the connectors for the

I/O terminal board cables. EBKP has three sections for controllers M1, M2, and C.

Each section has its own independent power supply. Controllers M1 and M2 have

the ACLA, DSPX, EISB, EMIO, and ESEL boards. Section C only has the DSPX,

EISB, and EMIO. Two overhead fans cool the controllers.

The upper part of the backplane contains DIN connectors for the plug-in control

boards. The lower part of the backplane contains D-SUB connectors for I/O interface

cables, and circular DIN connectors for keypad interface cables, power supply plugs,

and test rings. Labels on the connectors in Figure 3-1 refer to the boards and devices

to which the cables are connected. For more information refer to Chapter 4 and GEI-

100460.

DSPX Board

The DSPX board is the main controller and shares control responsibility with the

ACLA. It is a single-slot, 3U high module located in the control rack next to the

ACLA. It provides functions including the bridge firing circuit control, I/O

processing, and inner loop regulation as follows:

The DSPX performs most of

the I/O interface and inner

loop bridge control and

protection functions

•

Field Voltage Regulator (FVR)

Field Current Regulator (FCR)

SCR gating signals to the ESEL board

Start-stop function

Field flashing control

Alarms and trip logic

Generator instrumentation processing

Generator simulator

For more information refer to Chapter 4 and GEI-100267.

3-2 • Chapter 3 Printed Wiring Boards Overview

GEH-6632 EX2100 User’s Guide

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Fan

RST

ACTIVE

ENET

FLASH

ACTIVE

ENET

FLASH

ACLA

DSPX

DSPX ACLA

DSPX

EISB

EMIO ESEL ESEL EMIO

EISB

EMIO

J304 J305 J306 J307 J308 J309

J314 J315

Keypad

Tool M1

Tool M2

Tool C

J404 J405 J406 J407 J408 J409

J414 J415

Test Rings M1

Test Rings M2 Test Rings C

M1-Fan Pwr

J502

M2-Fan Pwr C-Fan Pwr

J504 J505 J506 J507 J508 J509 J510

J512

J514 J515

J602

J610

J612

Power

IS200EBKPG1AAA

Figure 3-1. Control Module

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

Chapter 3 Printed Wiring Boards Overview • 3-3

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ACLA Board

The ACLA board is a double-slot, 3U high module located next to the DSPX. ACLA

provides Ethernet communications with the turbine control, LCI, and HMI, and runs

outer loop control functions including the following:

ACLA handles network

communications and outer

loop functions.

•

Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR)

Power System Stabilizer (PSS)

Under Excitation Limit control (UEL)

VAR/power factor regulator (VAR/PF)

For more information refer to Chapter 4 and GEI-100434.

EISB Board

The Exciter ISBus Board (EISB) is a special communication interface board for the

M1, M2, and C control modules. ISBus is a proprietary, high-speed communication

bus used in many GE systems. The EISB is used to provide communication among

the 3 DSPSs in M1, M2, and C. EISB receives and transmits fiber-optic feedback

signals through the backplane connector. It transmits them over the control

backplane to the DSPX controller and also communicates between the DSPX and the

tool and keypad ports using RS-232C. EISB is a single-slot, 3U high module that is

located in the control rack under the DSPX. From six fiber-optic connectors on the

front panel it accepts current and voltage signals from the generator field (and from

the exciter if required) using EDCF boards, and receives and transmits signals to the

Ground Detection Module (EGDM). For more information refer to Chapter 4 and

GEI-100454.

EISB manages all the fiber-

optic communication in the

cabinets.

EMIO Board

The EMIO is a single slot, double height VME style board, that manages the I/O

from the EPCT, ECTB, EACF, and EXTB terminal boards. The I/O include PT and

CT signals, contact inputs, output relay drivers, and pilot trip relay drivers. It also

sends logic level gate pulse signals over the backplane to the ESEL board, which

sends them to EGPA in the power conversion cabinet. For more information refer to

Chapter 4 and GEI-100453.

ESEL Board

The Exciter Selector board receives six logic level gate pulse signals from its

corresponding EMIO. These pulse signals drive up to six sets of cables which are

distributed to the exciter gate pulse amplifier (EGPA) boards. The EGPA boards are

mounted in the power conversion cabinet. If there are redundant controls, two ESEL

are used, one driven by M1 and the other by M2. The active ESEL, selected by

controller C, sends the necessary control signals to the EGPA boards.

Three groups of ESEL boards are available supporting increasing redundancy levels;

ESELH1 contains a single bridge driver, ESELH2 contains three bridge drivers, and

ESELH3 contains six bridge drivers. For more information refer to Chapter 4 and

GEI-100456.

3-4 • Chapter 3 Printed Wiring Boards Overview

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I/O Terminal Boards

The exciter terminal boards are as follows:

•

IS200EPCT Exciter PT/CT board (EPCT)

IS200ECTB Exciter Contact Terminal Board (ECTB)

IS200EXTB Exciter Terminal Board (EXTB)

IS200EDCF Exciter Dc Feedback board (EDCF)

IS200EACF Exciter Ac Feedback board (EACF)

EPCT Board

The EPCT contains isolation transformers for critical generator voltage and current

measurements. Two three-phase generator PT voltage inputs are input to EPCT. Two

generator CT current inputs, with current levels of 1 A or 5 A, are input. In addition,

one analog input, which can be either 0-10 V or 4-20 mA, is brought into EPCT. All

the signals are interfaced to the EMIO board. For more information refer to Chapter

4 and GEI-100459.

EPCT receives and conditions

generator PT and CT

feedbacks.

ECTB Board

The ECTB board supports excitation contact outputs and contact inputs. There are

two versions; the ECTBG1 board which is only used in the redundant mode, and the

ECTBG2 board which is only used in the simplex mode. Each board contains two

trip contact outputs driving a customer lockout, and four general purpose Form-C

relay contact outputs, controlled by the EMIO board. Six auxiliary contact inputs are

powered (wetted) with 70 V dc by ECTB. Also, the 52G and 86 G contact inputs are

powered and monitored by ECTB. In the redundant case, power comes from the M1

and M2 power supplies. For more information refer to Chapter 4 and GEI-100457.

EXTB Board

The EXTB board supports pilot relay contact outputs, contact inputs, and signal

conditioning circuits. EXTB cables to the EMIO board through the EBKP

backplane.

EXTB handles field flashing

and protection functions.

Pilot relays for the breaker/contactor close 41, and flashing contactors 53A, and 53B

are located on the board, plus pilot relays for the trip relay 41T and the de-excitation

relay KDEP. Crowbar status signals and de-excitation status signals from the EDEX

board are conditioned on EXTB and sent to EMIO. Three contact inputs from 41,

53A, and 53B are powered (wetted) by 70 V dc on EXTB. Power for the contacts is

from the M1 and M2 power supplies (redundantly), and the resulting status signals

are sent to EMIO in the control rack. Different groups of EXTB are available for

controlling either a field breaker or a contactor in the field circuit. These groups are

defined in Table 3-1. For more information refer to GEI-100458.

Table 3-1. EXTB Board Groups

Trip Relay

41T used

Close Relay

41 used

Type of Redundancy

Board

Control Mode

Contactor Mode

Breaker Mode

Contactor Mode

Breaker Mode

Redundant control

Simplex control

EXTB G1

EXTB G3

EXTB G2

EXTB G4

Yes

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

Chapter 3 Printed Wiring Boards Overview • 3-5

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EDCF Board

The EDCF board measures field current and field voltage at the SCR bridge, and

interfaces to the EISB board in the control panel over a high-speed fiber-optic link.

The fiber-optics provides voltage isolation between the two boards, and high noise

immunity. Field current is measured using a shunt in the dc field circuit. The field

voltage feedback circuit provides seven selector settings to scale down the bridge

voltage, depending on the type of bridge application. For more information refer to

Chapter 4 and GEI-100464.

EDCF handles bridge dc

voltage and current feedback.

EACF Board

The EACF board measures the exciter PPT ac supply voltage and current. The

EACF terminal board contains transformers for a 3-phase voltage measurement, and

terminals for two Flux/Air core coils. The outputs of the voltage and current circuits

are fanned out to three DB9 connectors for cables to controllers M1, M2, and C.

These cables can be up to 90 m in length. There are two versions of this board,

EACFG1 is for inputs up to 480 V rms, and EACFG2 is for inputs up to 1000 V rms.

For more information refer to Chapter 4 and GEI-100465.

EACF handles bridge ac

voltage and current feedback.

3-6 • Chapter 3 Printed Wiring Boards Overview

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Bridge and Protection Boards and Modules

The exciter bridge and protection boards are as follows:

•

IS200EGPA Exciter Gate Pulse Amplifier board (EGPA)

IS200EXCS Conduction Sensor board (EXCS)

IS200EDEX Exciter De-Excitation board (EDEX)

IS200EGDM Exciter Field Ground Detector Module (EGDM)

IS200EXAM Exciter Attenuator Module (EXAM)

Crowbar module

EGPA Board

The EGPA board interfaces the control to the power bridge. EGPA takes the six gate

commands from the ESEL and controls the gate firing of up to six SCRs on the

bridge. It is also the interface for current conduction feedback, and the bridge airflow

and temperature monitoring.

Bridge control passes through

EGPA. One EGPA is required

per PCM.

A nominal 125 V dc power source from EPDM supplies an on-board dc/dc converter

that provides power for SCR gating over the full range of input supply voltage. LEDs

provide visual indication of the status of the output firing, currents into the bridge,

gate power supply, line filter, cooling fan rotation, and bridge temperature and alarm

or fault conditions. For more information refer to Chapter 4 and GEI-100461.

EXCS Board

The EXCS board has four conduction sensors. It is used to detect the presence of

current in the bus. The output is a logic signal.

EDEX Board

The EDEX board is the main board in the de-excitation module. EDEX provides de-

excitation SCR firing, conduction sense feedback, and voltage retention to ensure

operation in the event of a power failure. EMIO initiates de-excitation on the EXTB

board. The EXTB board opens the 41 dc contactor (41A/41B) or breaker, and then

transfers de-excitation signals from the auxiliary contacts to SCR firing circuits on

the EDEX. There are two types of EDEX. Group 1 board is designed for SCR de-

excitation, Group 2 is designed for diode de-excitation. For more information refer

to Chapter 4 and GEI-100466.

EDEX is usually controlled by

EXTB, but can initiate de-

excitation if control fails.

EGDM Module

The EGDM is a double slot, double height (6U) form factor board that mounts in the

Exciter Power Backplane rack (EPBP). A simplex system has one EGDM, while a

redundant system has three. EGDM detects field leakage resistance from any point

in the field circuit of the generator to ground, either on the ac or dc side. The field

ground detector applies a low frequency square wave to the sense resistor connected

to the field circuit. EXAM, the attenuator module located in the Auxiliary Panel,

senses the voltage across the ground resistor and sends the signal to the EGDM

through a nine-conductor cable.

EGDM and EXAM work

together to detect field ground

leakage current.

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

Chapter 3 Printed Wiring Boards Overview • 3-7

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In a redundant system, the set of three EGDM boards are configured as a Controller

(C), Master 1 (M1) and Master 2 (M2). The configuration for each EGDM is

controlled by a set of program pins on the P2 connector. The C controller receives

information from the active DSPX on which EGDM master should provide the drive

signal to the sense resistor in the Attenuator Module. The active master receives an

Oscillator Signal over the fiber optic link that it converts to a ±50 V signal. This is

applied to one end of the sense resistor in the Attenuator Module.

The signal conditioner receives an attenuated (10:1) differential signal from the

Sense Resistor. This is a simple unity gain differential amplifier with a high

common-mode rejection ratio followed by an A-to-D converter (Voltage Controlled

Oscillator VCO). This feeds a fiber-optic transmitter that is cabled to EISB. The

signal conditioner circuitry is powered by an isolated power supply to maintain

personnel and equipment safety due to the high common-mode voltage at the Sense

Resistor. For more information refer to Chapter 4 and GEI-100467.

EXAM Module

The EXAM mounts in the auxiliary cabinet and contains a sense resistor connected

to a resistor network across the field. EXAM applies the low frequency ±50 V

square-wave signal, supplied from the EGDM, to one end of the sense resistor. The

resulting current generates a voltage across the resistor, that is sent back to the

EGDM.

In a redundant system, the test signal can come from either, M1 or M2. EXAM has a

relay that switches between the two under the control of controller C. A single cable

carries the control and sense signals between the EGDM and EXAM modules. For

more information refer to Chapter 4 and GEI-100467.

3-8 • Chapter 3 Printed Wiring Boards Overview

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Power Supply Boards

The exciter power supply boards are as follows:

•

IS200EPDM Exciter Power Distribution Module (EPDM)

IS200EPBP Exciter Power Backplane (EPBP)

IS200EPSM Exciter Power Supply Module (EPSM)

DACA Module

EPDM Module

The EPDM provides the power for the control, I/O, and protection boards. It is

mounted on the side of the EPBP and accepts a 125 V dc supply from the station

battery, and one or two 115 V ac supplies. All supply inputs are filtered. Each ac

supply is rectified to 125 V dc in an ac to dc converter (DACA). The resulting two or

three dc voltages are diode coupled together to create the dc source supply,

designated as P125V and N125V. With the center grounded, these voltages are

nominally +62.5 V and –62.5 V to ground.

Individual supply outputs to the exciter boards are fused. They have an on/off toggle

switch, and a green LED indicator to display supply power availability. These

outputs supply up to three EGPA boards, the EXTB board, and three EPSM modules

serving the three controllers. Outputs are wired to the EPBP for distribution. For

more information refer to Chapter 4.

Any of the exciter power

supply modules can be

switched off from the EPDM.

EPBP Backplane

The EPBP holds three electrically isolated power supplies (EPSM) that supply power

to the M1, M2, and C controllers. It also holds three EGDM. EPBP accepts 125 V dc

from the adjacent EPDM, and distributes logic level power from the three EPSM to

the three controllers. Each power supply has an independent ON-OFF switch on the

EPDM. The EPSM modules interface to the backplane through DIN connectors. 70

V dc and 24 V dc power is distributed from the locking connectors at the top of the

backplane to the terminal boards. Refer to Figure 3-2. For more information refer to

Chapter 4 and GEI-100463.

EPSM Module

The EPSM converts 125 V dc from the EPDM into the voltages required for the

control system. There are three independent power supplies that supply power to

each of the controllers M1, M2, and C. These supplies are located in the power

supply module mounted below the control rack in the control cabinet.

The EPSM supplies +5 V dc, ±15 V dc, and +24 V dc to the controller. Power is also

supplied to modules external to the control rack as follows:

•

±24 V dc to power the EDEX de-excitation module, crowbar module, EGDM,

and EDCF

•

Isolated +70 V dc for contact wetting to the EXTB and ECTB boards

For more information refer to Chapter 4 and GEI-100462.

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

Chapter 3 Printed Wiring Boards Overview • 3-9

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EDEX EDCF

EDEXEDCF

CONTROL

J17

J16

J17

J16

J17

J16

J15M1

J14M1

J13M1

J15M2

J14M2

J13M2

J15C

J14C

J13C

EDEX

J602

EETB

ECTB

EETB

ECTB

EETB

ECTB

EXTB

J18

J19

J20

J21M2

J21M1

J21C

J12M1

J12M2

J12C

EXTB

MEDIA

CONV

FAN MEDIA

CONV

EDEX EGDM

CROW

BAR

EDEX

CROW

BAR

FAN

EGDM

EDEX EGDM

CROW

BAR

MEDIA

FAN

CONV

Blank plate

EPSM

EGDM

EPSM

EGDM

EPSM

EGDM

J2C

GROUND

DETECT

J1_M1

J1_M2 BARCODE

J1_C

IS200EPBPG1

Figure 3-2. Exciter Power Backplane

DACA – Ac to Dc Converter

The DACA is an ac to dc converter that is powered by a 115 V ac source and

produces 125 V dc. The DACA and battery source provide a redundant 125 V dc

supply for the EPDM. Two DACAs can be connected to the EPDM if required for

greater power supply reliability.

3-10 • Chapter 3 Printed Wiring Boards Overview

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Related Board Publications

For a more detailed description of each board's circuitry and application data, refer to

the following documents:

•

GEI-100460 IS200EBKP Exciter Backplane

GEI-100267 IS200DSPX Digital Signal Processor Board

GEI-100434 IS215ACLAH1 Application Control Layer Board

GEI-100454 IS200EISB Exciter ISBus board

GEI-100453 IS200EMIO Exciter Main I/O board

GEI-100456 IS200ESEL Exciter Selector board

GEI-100459 IS200EPCT Exciter PT/CT board

GEI-100457 IS200ECTB Exciter Contact Terminal Board

GEI-100458 IS200EXTB Exciter Terminal Board

GEI-100464 IS200EDCF Exciter DC Feedback board

GEI-100465 IS200EACF Exciter AC Feedback board

GEI-100461 IS200EGPA Exciter Gate Pulse Amplifier board

GEI-100466 IS200EDEX Exciter De-Excitation board

GEI-100467 IS200EGDM Exciter Ground Detector Module

GEI-100463 IS200EPBP Exciter Power Backplane

GEI-100462 IS200EPSM Exciter Power Supply Module

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

Chapter 3 Printed Wiring Boards Overview • 3-11

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Notes

3-12 • Chapter 3 Printed Wiring Boards Overview

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Chapter 4 Terminal Board I/O and

Equipment Connections

Introduction

This chapter describes the customer's equipment connections, and inputs and outputs

(I/O) available through terminal board wiring. System cabling to provide desired

functionality is also defined. The information is organized as follows:

Section

Page

Power Connections and Analog I/O......................................................................... 4-2

Power Potential Transformer Inputs................................................................. 4-3

Potential and Current Transformer Inputs ........................................................ 4-3

Analog Input..................................................................................................... 4-3

Customer Contact I/O .............................................................................................. 4-4

Power Supply Inputs................................................................................................ 4-6

Line Filter Connections............................................................................................ 4-7

Exciter Internal I/O .................................................................................................. 4-8

Exciter AC Feedback........................................................................................ 4-8

Exciter DC Feedback........................................................................................ 4-8

De-Excitation......................................................................................................... 4-11

Crowbar ................................................................................................................. 4-14

Field Ground Detector ........................................................................................... 4-14

Field Flashing ........................................................................................................ 4-16

Dc Field Flashing Settings.............................................................................. 4-16

Flashing Control Sequence............................................................................. 4-16

Shaft Voltage Suppressor....................................................................................... 4-18

Data Highway Connections ................................................................................... 4-19

Control System Toolbox Connection..................................................................... 4-20

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

Chapter 4 Terminal Board I/O and Equipment Connections • 4-1

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Power Connections and Analog I/O

Figure 4-1 displays a typical connection diagram of the common power and analog

I/O for an excitation system.

Customer Supplied

Generator Field +

To Bridge 1

Control Cabinet

Generator Field -

PT1

PTSW1

PTSW2

C :

SE ^P_N^E

C : _O

TB1

EMIO

(M1)

PT2

SE ^P_N^E

C : _O

C :

EMIO

(M2)

cir

cui

Power

Flow

EMIO

(C)

TB2

CTSW1

TB3

CTSW3

EPCT

PPT

41AC1

Power Conversion Cabinet

C :

Bridge 1

C :

Phase Rotation

Note: Circuits shown

external to the exciter

are for reference only.

Figure 4-1. Exciter AC Power Supply and PT/CT Wiring

4-2 • Chapter 4 Terminal Board I/O and Equipment Connections

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Power Potential Transformer Inputs

In the EX2100 excitation system, a 3-phase source of ac power is converted to a

controlled dc output. This ac input can be from one of several sources. Most

common is a generator terminal connected Y-Delta power potential transformer. The

primary and secondary voltages as well as kVA ratings are sized for the particular

application. An auxiliary bus fed PPT is also commonly used. In industrial

applications where forcing is needed for large motor starting a compound source

(current and voltage) input can be used. This ac input is connected to the bus in the

bridge cabinet and can be isolated by the 41AC1 device for maintenance. It is

monitored by the controls through the EACF board.

Potential and Current Transformer Inputs

A redundant PT input for PT

failure detection is possible, and

single-phase sensing can be

supported.

Customer supplied 3-phase PT and CT are wired to switches in the control cabinet as

shown in Figure 4-1. The switches are wired to the EPCT. High frequency noise

suppression near the point of signal entry is provided on all input signals to EPCT.

On the board, the two 3-phase generator voltage inputs, nominal 115 V ac, are

brought into PT transformers. Two generator CTs (phases A and C), with either 1 A

or 5 A secondaries, are brought into CT transformers. The resulting low voltage

transformer output signals are cabled to the EMIO board in the control rack.

Generator Voltage Measurement

The cable lengths from the generator PTs can be up to 1000 ft of #12 AWG wire.

The PT secondary outputs are nominally 115 V rms at 50/60 Hz and are fused. On

EPCT, the two transformers make a three-wire open delta voltage measurement,

yielding 1.533 V rms for a 115 V rms input.

In the case of a simplex system the voltage signals are sent through the J305

connector to the EMIO board in the M1 controller. In the case of a redundant system,

the signals are fanned to connectors J305, J308, and J315, and sent to controllers M1,

M2, and C.

Item

PT Inputs

CT Inputs

Number of Inputs

Volts or Current

2, 3 phases each

2, Phases A and C

10-200 V rms, 115 V rms nominal

0-2 A, nominal 1A, or

0-10 A, nominal 5 A

Frequency

Burden

50/60 Hz nominal

Less than 1 VA

50/60 Hz nominal

Circuit loading 6.25 VA nominal

Generator Current Measurement

Two generator current inputs from the CTs are wired to non-pluggable terminal

blocks, TB2 and TB3 that support ring terminals. The CTs do not have fused

secondaries. There is a choice of a 0-1 A rms CT input, or a 0-5 A rms CT input. The

cable length from the CT to the EPCT board can be up to 1000 ft., and the wire gage

can be up to #10 AWG. The resulting signals are sent to the EMIO board through the

same connectors as the voltage signals.

Analog Input

The EPCT board provides an analog input for customer use. This input is jumper

selectable for either ± 10 V dc or 4-20 mA. The EMIO samples the input at 2000

samples per second, and the accuracy is better than 1% full scale.

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

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Customer Contact I/O

Customer contact inputs and relay contact outputs are wired to the ECTB board.

In addition to six general purpose contact inputs, there are two dedicated contact

inputs, wetted by 70 V dc from the exciter, as follows:

•

86G contact input used as a lockout during normal operation

52G contact input gives the online status of the generator

ECTB provides four general purpose Form C contact outputs controlled by EMIO.

These are used for 94EX and 30EX and other outputs. For each relay, the coil current

and the status of a relay auxiliary contact is monitored. These feedbacks are cabled to

EMIO in the controller. Refer to Figure 4-2 and Table 4-1.

Table 4-1. General Purpose Relay Contact Characteristics:

Item

Description

Customer Power

Relay break characteristic

125 V dc nominal (24 V dc min)

Resistive load

2 A

28 V dc

125 V dc

28 V dc

125 V dc

0.5 A

1 A

Inductive

0.007 s (L/R)

0.1 A

Suppression

External suppression supplied by customer on induction loads

ECTBG1 is the redundant control version of the ECTB. This fans inputs to three

connectors J405, J408, and J418 that are cabled to the three controllers. For relay

control, the board does two-out-of three voting, and the 70 V dc and 24 V dc inputs

are redundant.

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J13M1

J405

ECTBG2 (Simplex)

P70 V dc

P24D

From M1

TB1

P24M1

COM

Customer

P24D

19 Power to

Contacts

Relay

Driver

Coil

K#GP

125 V dc

From M1

(EMIO)

Ex. Fault

to Mark VI

Four General Purpose Relay Outputs as Above

P24M1

Relay

Driver

Coil

K#M1

Customer

Power to

Contacts

125 V dc

Two Trip Relay Outputs as Above

Term. 1&5

Ex. trip to

Customer

Auxiliary

P70Vdc

Contact

Input

Red LED

Current Limit

Circuit

Six Circuits as Above

P70Vdc

52G

Contact

Red LED

(Closed

online)

Current Limit

Circuit

P70Vdc

86G

Contact

(Open

for Trip)

To Optocoupler on M1 (EMIO)

Current Limit

TB2

Figure 4-2. Customer I/O wired to ECTBG2 Simplex Board

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

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Power Supply Inputs

The customer’s ac and dc power inputs are wired to the exciter’s Power Distribution

Module (EPDM), which is located on the left hand side of the exciter power

backplane rack. Figure 4-3 shows the screw terminals for the 125 V dc battery

source, and the 115 V ac suply, AC1. A second ac supply, AC2, can also be

connected.

EPDM Exciter Power Distribution Module

SPARE

SW7

J1C

J1M2

J1M1

J8C

SW6

SW5

SW4

SW3

SW2

SW1

TB1

J8B

P125Vdc

N125Vdc

125 V dc

from battery

J8A

115 V ac

supply #1

AC1H

AC1N

AC2H

JDACA1

115 V ac

supply #2

AC2N

JDACA2

Figure 4-3. Power Wiring Connections to EPDM.

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Line Filter Connections

The 600 V filter is connected to fuse board LFU1. The 1000 V filter has two filter

circuits and is connected to fuse boards LFU1 and LFU2. The filters are located at

the top of the auxiliary cabinet. Connections to the line filter are shown in Figure 4-

Auxiliary Enclosure

EACF1

Control

Enclosure

Linefilter

EKBP

Rack

TB4

Coil1_H

Coil1_L

Coil2_H

Coil2_L

EMIO M1

From PPT

L1 L2 L3

TB1

EMIO M2

EMIO C

DISC 1

TB2

TB3

480V : 1.6V

LFU1

LFU2

GND

U1 U2

To Warm

Backup Bridge B2

GND on

Aux Panel

B-L1

B-L2

B-L3

Figure 4-4. AC Feedback and Line Filters

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

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Exciter Internal I/O

Exciter AC Feedback

The EACF board measures the exciter ac supply voltage and current. The terminal

board contains transformers for a 3-phase voltage measurement, and terminals for

two flux/air core coils. The cable between EACF and the EBKP control backplane

can be up to 90 m in length. Cable shield terminal screws attached to chassis ground

are located within three inches of the input screws where applicable. There are two

versions of the circuit board, EACFG1 for up to 480 V rms inputs, and EACFG2 for

up to 1000 V rms inputs. Refer to Figure 4-4.

Exciter DC Feedback

The EDCF board measures field current and field voltage at the SCR bridge, and

interfaces to the EISB board in the controller over a high-speed fiber-optic link. The

fiber optics provides voltage isolation between the two boards, and high noise

immunity. For a circuit block diagram, refer to Figure 4-5. The field voltage

feedback circuit provides seven selector settings to scale down the bridge voltages

appropriate to the application.

EDCF DC Feedback Board

+/-24Vdc

from

External

Source

+ 24 V dc

- 24 V dc

DC/AC

Inverter

AC/DC Converter

& Power Supplies

+ 15 V dc

+24V

-24V

- 15 V dc

+ 5 V dc

J16

SCR Bridge

COM

30 Vdc

max.

Shunt

input

Field Current

Amplifier

Shunt

EISB

board

I feedbk

Tx1

Tx2

Fiber Optic Link

ACOMH

V feedbk

Field

scale 7

JP7

scale 1

JP1

Field Voltage

Amplifier

Voltage

Isolation

Barrier

R 9

Stab-on

ACOMH

Figure 4-5. Field Voltage and Current Measurement

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Field Current Feedback

The field current is measured across a dc shunt at the SCR bridge. This generates a

nominal 100 mV signal, which is input to a differential amplifier. The output voltage

from the amplifier ranges from –5 V to +5 V. A VCO produces a linear proportional

frequency of 0 to 2 MHz with an accuracy of 1% of full scale reading. These pulses

drive the LED in the optical isolator coupled to the fiber-optic cable.

Field Voltage Feedback

The bridge voltage is measured across the negative terminal of the bridge and the

positive terminal of the current shunt. After scaling the voltage with the jumpered

resistors, the signals are input into a differential amplifier which controls the voltage-

controlled oscillator (VCO). The VCO produces a linear proportional frequency of 0

to 2 MHz with an accuracy of 1% of full-scale reading. The pulses drive the LED in

the optical isolator coupled to the fiber-optic cable.

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

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Auxiliary Cabinet

Control Cabinet

EISB M1

EDCF-1

VCO

Duplex Fiber-

Optic Link

Voltage

VFOF

Volts

Current

CFOF

PPT

Scaling

Generator

Field

PSM1

VCO

Current

P24VDC

Shunt

Shunt (mv)

To Bridge 2

41A

Generator

Field +

BK WH

Auxiliary Cabinet

HS +

De-Excit.

FDI-1

SCR1

SCR3

SCR2

53B (W)

Field

_{53B (Y)}Flash

TB1-1

Shaft

_TB1-2Voltage

SCR4

SCR5

SCR6

41B

Generator Field -

Control Cabinet

To Bridge 2

J2/3M

EXTB

K41_M1 K41_M2

41B

41A

K41_C

K41_M2

K41_C

K41_M1

P125

N125

P70V

J505

Control Rack

J505

EMIO

J508

J515

J508

70V

Return

EMIO M2

Feedback

J515

EMIO

Figure 4-6. DC Field Circuit Contactor and Control Board

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De-Excitation

During shutdown of the generator, the stored energy of the generator field inductance

must be dissipated. In the EX2100 exciter, this is the function of the EDEX

de-excitation module and field discharge resistor or inductor (when supplied).

Standard de-excitation is provided by a freewheeling diode. For higher performance

applications, the de-excitation module consists of a thyristor (53 mm or 77 mm cell

size) mounted in a large heatsink assembly with attached snubber network.

The EDEX board contains Hall effect conduction sensors. The sensors are mounted

in the air gap of a circular steel core attached to the board. They sense the magnetic

field produced by the field discharge current flowing through the thyristor. Two

independent sensor circuits are used. The EDEX fires the SCR when either of two

control inputs is true or when the anode to cathode voltage of the SCR exceeds a

certain value. The two firing control circuits on the board are powered from separate

power supplies and use separate conduction sensors making them mutually

independent.

The actual control logic inputs used are dependent on the application. When the

exciter shuts down, a P24 V firing control signal is sent to both de-excitation module

firing control circuits. Both firing control circuits send gate pulses to fire the de-

excitation SCR. At this point, the main field polarity reversal has occurred making

the SCR anode positive with respect to the cathode. Therefore the SCR conducts and

dissipates the stored energy of the generator field through the field discharge device.

Feedback from either conduction sensor verifies that the discharge circuit has

operated successfully. If both independent firing control circuits fail to fire, the SCR

is fired by the anode firing circuit when the anode to cathode voltage has exceeded

the selected level.

For large exciters, it is possible to connect multiple de-excitation modules together

with one EDEX board configured to be the Master and the other boards configured

to be Slaves. In this case, a firing control signal sent to the Master is relayed to the

Slave modules, firing all modules simultaneously.

EXTB controls the main breaker or contactor in the field circuit. When this opens,

the auxiliary contacts cause an immediate de-excitation commanded by EDEX. De-

excitation controlled by EXTB in both the contactor and breaker mode is shown in

Figures 4-7, and 4-8.

Location of the 41A dc contactor in the field circuit is shown in Figure 4-6.

Contactor 41B is optional. Both contactors are located in the Power Conversion

Cabinet, and are driven from the 41 Close pilot on the EXTB board. Several

auxiliary contacts are used to provide status feedback to the control, and firing

commands to the de-excitation board, EDEX.

An alternative to an 41A and 41B contactor is to use a breaker in the excitation ac

supply or dc field circuit. Normally, the breaker would be a dc field breaker that

ccould break the output while inserting a discharge resistor with the normally open

contact. But, an ac break with the SCR based de-excitation module could also be

applied. The breaker has two coils, 41 Close and 41 Trip, and auxiliary contacts for

de-excitation. Figure 4-8 shows how the breaker interfaces with the EXTB control

board and EDEX.

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

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Control Cabinet

Converter Cabinet

Auxiliary Cabinet

De-Excitation

EXTB G1 - Contactor Mode

Generator

Field +

Generator

Field -

(Simplex version is G2)

J505

FDI

J508

J515

HS+

HS-

Conduction

DEPL

EDEX

Status

Sense Circuit

M1 De-Excit.

Status

Feedback

M2 De-Excit.

Status

70V Ret

P70V

Self Firing

P24V

M2 Firing

Command

Bkr

N24

M1 Firing

Command

N24

41 Trip Relays

not present on

G1 and G2 boards

M1 M2

P24

COM

N24

P24

41 Close

P125

COM

N24

Bkr.

Ct.

41A

41B

N125

To EPBP

J17M2

To EPBP

J17M1

KDEP

N125

P70Vdc

2 1

J12M2 J12M1

Figure 4-7. DC Contactor Control and Wiring to De-Excitation Board

4-12 • Chapter 4 Terminal Board I/O and Equipment Connections

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Auxiliary Cabinet

Control Cabinet

De-Excitation

EXTB G3 - Breaker Mode

Generator

Field +

Generator

Field -

Customer

Breaker

(Simplex version is G4)

J505

J508

J515

To M1

To M2

FDI

HS+

HS-

Conduction

Sense Circuit

M1 De-

EDEX

DEPL

To C

CTB

Status

Feedback

Exc Status

M2 De-

Exc Status

Status

70V Ret

P70V

Self Firing

P24V

M2 Firing

Command

Bkr

M1 Firing

Command

N24V

M1 M2

M2 C

C M1

41 Trip

P125

M1 M2

P24

M2 C

C M1

Breaker

41 Close

P125

COM

N24

COM

N24

Bkr Ct

N125

Trip

To EPBP To EPBP

J17M1

J17M2

KDEP

N125

P70Vdc

2 3

J12M2 J12M1

Figure 4-8. Ac or Dc Breaker Control and Wiring to De-Excitation Board

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

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Crowbar

The optional crowbar subsystem limits high negative voltages that can be induced

into the PCM during a pole slip (loss of synchronization) event. Like the de-

excitation module, the crowbar will self-fire based on selective field voltage limits. It

includes a discharge resistor, which may be shared with the de-excitation function

when the two are supplied together. This is typically only provided on generators

with salient poles (hydro applications).

Field Ground Detector

The generator field is an ungrounded system. The field ground detector (EGDM)

The EGDM is an active

system that applies a voltage

to the field circuit.

detects field leakage resistance between any point in the field circuit of the generator

and ground. The active detection system shown in Figure 4-9 applies a low

frequency square wave voltage with respect to ground, and monitors for current flow

through a high impedance ground resistor. The square wave is ±50 V dc at 0.2 Hz

frequency. If PRV resistors are present, grounds anywhere in the system can be

detected even while the exciter is not being fired, from the PPT secondary to any

point in the generator field.

The ground detector feedback voltage is sent over a fiber-optic link to the DSPX

where it is monitored and alarmed. The DSPX controls the oscillator voltage over an

adjacent fiber-optic link. In the case of redundant control, if the M1 controller fails,

the oscillator in the M2 channel takes over, as commanded by controller C.

One or three EGDMs are mounted next to the power supplies in the power

backplane.

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Control Cabinet

Auxiliary Cabinet

Generator

Field +

Generator

Field -

From

Flashing

53B

Power

Backplane

EPBP

Control

Backplane

EBKP

Ground Detector Attenuator

Module EXAM

EISB - M1

Ground

Detector

Voltage

EGDM -M1

To DSPX

Counters

Optical

Receiver

VCO

Oscillator

control

Oscillator 1

Optical

Transmitter

To DSPX

Counters

Optical

Receiver

VCO

Oscillator

control

Oscillator 2

Optical

Transmitter

To DSPX

Counters

Optical

Receiver

VCO

Master

Select

Control

Optical

Transmitter

+/-65 Vdc +5V +/-15V

Power Supply

P24 V

Figure 4-9. Field Ground Detector

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

Chapter 4 Terminal Board I/O and Equipment Connections • 4-15

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Field Flashing

Field flashing relays 53A and 53B are controlled from drivers on the EMIO board,

through pilot relays on EXTB. In redundant control, the three driver signals actuate

pilot relays on EXTB that are contact voted to output a single voltage. These outputs

actuate the 53A and 53B relays in the Auxiliary Cabinet. The 53A and 53B contacts

put dc voltage from the station battery across the generator field, as shown in Figure

4-10. The field flashing module supplies approximately 15 to 20% of AFNL to the

generator field during the startup sequence.

The station battery is used to

initiate the field current. An

auxiliary ac source can also

be used.

For ac field flashing, the ac voltage is rectified by a diode bridge and filtered. The

startup sequences and logic are the same.

Dc Field Flashing Settings

Field flashing panels are used to supply a wide range of flashing currents. This

happens if the flashing control fails, leaving the flashing current on continuously.

The flashing current magnitude required for a generator is set by configuring a

maximum and minimum allowable value in the control module.

The current values are preset in the factory based on information supplied. These

values define the envelope in which the hysteretic flashing control holds the field

current during the flashing sequence.

Flashing Control Sequence

A start request is issued by the operator. The optional field contactor(s) closes,

followed by contactor 53B, then 53A. When the field current reaches the maximum

allowable field flash value (typically 15 - 20% of AFNL), contactor 53A opens and

the field current decays through the freewheeling diodes. If the control has not taken

over before the current decays to the minimum field flash current setting, typically

10% AFNL, the sequence is repeated. If the current magnitude exceeds

approximately 25% AFNL, or the control has not taken over after a fixed time delay,

the startup is stopped and a diagnostic alarm is issued.

Flashing current flow is

monitored by the control

through the field shunt.

4-16 • Chapter 4 Terminal Board I/O and Equipment Connections

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From

Shunt1 +

Generator

Field -

Station Battery

125 Vdc

Auxiliary Panel

Flashing

PTB-1

Shaft Voltage

Suppresser

53B

53A

53B

EXAM

53B

TB1

Aux

FBK1

EXTB

M1 53B

M2 53B

Current

Limit

Circuit

C 53B

P70Vdc

J5M1

J5M2

J5C

M1-EMIO

(J5)

M2 C

M2-EMIO

(J5)

C M1

53B

K53B relay

contacts

SUP

C-EMIO

(J5)

53A

SUP

C M1

53A²

K53A relay

contacts

Aux

P70Vdc

M1 53A

Current

Limit

Circuit

M2 53A

C 53A

P70VDC

Figure 4-10. Field Flashing Control from EMIO and EXTB

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

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Shaft Voltage Suppressor

Excitation systems, which produce a dc voltage from an ac supply through a solid

state rectification process, cause ripple and spike voltages at the exciter output. Due

to their rapid rise and decay times these voltages are capacitively coupled from the

field winding to the rotor body. This creates a voltage on the shaft relative to ground

that, if not effectively controlled, can damage both journals and bearings. The shaft

voltage suppressor is a filter that conducts the high frequency components of the

induced voltages to ground and limits shaft voltage caused by thyristor commutation

to less than 7 V zero to peak. For the connections to the field, refer to Figure 4-11.

Generator Field -

Generator Field +

Shaft Voltage Suppressor

TB1-2

TB1-1

TB1-3

Field

Flashing

J1-1

J1-2

53B

AUX

Thyrite

TH1

TH2

Crowbar

CBRO

HSA

HSC

Heatsink

JCY

JCX

DEPL

EPL1

EPL2

Figure 4-11 Shaft Voltage Suppressor, Thyrite, and Crowbar

4-18 • Chapter 4 Terminal Board I/O and Equipment Connections

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Data Highway Connections

The EX2100 exciter communicates over the same data highway as the Mark VI

The Data Highway integrates

several different single

control systems.

turbine control and the HMI. A typical exciter connection to the redundant Unit Data

Highway (UDH) network is shown in Figure 4-12. This shows redundant control

with two ACLAs. The UDH is implemented using commercially available fast

Ethernet switches.

10Base-T cabling is used for short distances between the controller and the T-switch,

and any local HMI. The 10BaseT ports in the ACLA and the T-switch are for RJ-45

connectors. The maximum distance for local traffic at 10 Mbps using unshielded

twisted pair cable is 100 m.

100Base-FX fiber optics can be used for longer distance communication between the

local controllers and the central control room. The 100BaseFX ports in the T-switch

and the Ethernet switch are for SC type fiber-optic connectors. The maximum

distance at 100 Mbps using 100BaseFX fiber-optic cables is 2 km. Redundancy can

be obtained by using two T-switches with an interconnecting cable.

Central Control Room

Fast

Ethernet

Switch B

Ethernet

Switch A

From other Units

100Base-FX

connections

T-Switch A

T-Switch B

To local HMI

Viewer,

10Base-T

connections

From other Controllers

Local Control Area

Exciter Control

Cabinet

Industrial

Systems

Industrial

Systems

Ethernet Port,

RJ-45

ACLA

H1A

ACLA

H1A

Figure 4-12. Unit Data Highway Connections

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

Chapter 4 Terminal Board I/O and Equipment Connections • 4-19

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Control System Toolbox Connection

The toolbox connector on the exciter backplane supports an RS-232C cable, which

connects an external computer to the DSPX board. This connection is for

maintenance purposes. There are three 9-pin connectors located at J303B, J310B,

and J313B to support communication with controllers M1, M2, and C. (Refer to

Figure 4-13).

The UDH can also provide a toolbox interface using the Ethernet port on the ACLA.

This is a 10BaseT port and uses an RJ-45 connector for unshielded twisted pair

cable.

UDH Ethernet Data

Highway to Toolbox

and HMI

ACLA

DSPX

DSPX ACLA

DSPX

EISB

EMIO ESEL ESEL EMIO

EISB

EMIO

Toolbox RS-232C

Computer Cable

Connections

J304 J305 J306 J307 J308 J309

J314 J315

Key Pad

J404 J405 J406 J407 J408 J409

J414 J415

Tool M1

Tool M2 Tool C

Test Rings M1

Test Rings M2 Test Rings C

J504 J505 J506 J507 J508 J509

J514 J515

J602

J610

J612

Power

Powr

IS200EBKP

Figure 4-13. Toolbox Connections

4-20 • Chapter 4 Terminal Board I/O and Equipment Connections

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Chapter 5 Diagnostic Interface-Keypad

Introduction

This chapter provides operating guidelines for the Diagnostic Interface, more

commonly called the keypad. The keypad is a door-mounted, local control unit that

enables you to:

•

Monitor frequency, current, power, and voltage

Start and stop the exciter

Set and adjust configuration parameters

Examine and reset fault conditions

This chapter is organized as follows:

Section

Page

Using the Pushbuttons.............................................................................................. 5-2

Reading the Display................................................................................................. 5-5

Changing Display Units.................................................................................... 5-7

Adjusting Display Contrast............................................................................... 5-7

Status Screen............................................................................................................ 5-8

Reading the Meters........................................................................................... 5-8

Alternate Status Screen (Display I/O)...................................................................... 5-8

Using the Menus ...................................................................................................... 5-9

Viewing and Resetting Faults .................................................................................. 5-9

Editing Parameters................................................................................................. 5-10

Parameter Backup........................................................................................... 5-11

Firmware and Hardware Information..................................................................... 5-13

Protecting the Keypad............................................................................................ 5-14

Modifying the Protections .............................................................................. 5-14

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

Chapter 5 Diagnostic Interface-Keypad • 5-1

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Using the Pushbuttons

The keypad includes membrane-type pushbuttons to access exciter values and to

control the exciter. Tables 5-1 and 5-2 define the pushbutton functions for menu

navigation and exciter control (see Figure 5-1).

EX2100 Excitation Control

Exciter Health

& State Icons

FVR Feedback

0.0 Volts

FldCurrAmps

0.00 Amps

100% 150%

-30%

Vmag

Imag

Watts

0.00

Freq_Hz

Balance Meter

Vars

60.00

0.00

Exciter Control

Navigation

Run (Green)

Stop (Red)

Reset

Auto

Status

Faults

Command

Man

Voltage Level

Off

Escape

Enter

Display:

Pushbuttons:

Status screens provide analog and digital

Organized into functional groups:

representation of exciter functions and values.

Navigation buttons for using the menu

Exciter Control buttons

Menu screens provide text-based access to

parameters, wizards, and faults.

Run and Stop buttons

Figure 5-1. Diagnostic Interface - Keypad

5-2 • Chapter 5 Diagnostic Interface-Keypad

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Table 5-1. Navigation Pushbuttons

Button

Function

Displays the default Status Screen, which shows eight parameters as numbers or

bargraphs. A set of Health icons (displayed at all times; see Exciter Health and State

Icons) provides additional exciter status information.

Status

If pressed while displaying a Menu screen (see Menu Selections), displays the Main

Menu.If pressed while displaying a Status screen, displays the last Menu screen. If held

down, the up and down arrow keys adjust screen contrast

Menu Navigation: Used to highlight (reverse image) an item in a menu of options.

Adjust Contrast, if menu key is held down.

Entry of Numeric Parameter: Used to index through numbers (0-9, ., -) when editing a

parameter.

Entry of Option Parameter: Used to index through 1 – n choices.

(See Parameter Configuration.)

Menu Navigation: Right Arrow button displays the next selected level down in a menu

tree. Left Arrow button displays next level up in menu tree.

Entry of Numeric Parameter: Used to select a digit when editing a parameter.

Entry of Option Parameter or Command Execution: Not functional.

Menu Navigation: Displays the next level up in menu tree.

Entry of Parameter: Displays the parameter list.

Escape

Enter

Menu Navigation: Displays the next level down in menu tree.

Entry of Parameter: Accepts editing of parameter.

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

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Table 5-2. Exciter Control Pushbuttons

Button

Function

Reset

Faults

Resets faults.

Command

Quick access to a list of commonly used commands

Selects Auto mode (AC regulator or AVR)

Selects Manual mode (DC regulator or FVR)

Increase voltage, VARS, PF

Auto

Man

Decrease voltage, VARS, PF

Run

Stop

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Reading the Display

The keypad displays information as both text and animated graphics. There are two

types of content screens, selected by pressing the corresponding Navigation button:

Status and Menu.

The Status Screen (Figure 5-2) is the default screen that displays after exciter

startup, following an initialization screen. It uses animated meters with associated

text to present exciter performance data. An alternate Status Screen can also be

accessed (see Status Screen).

Heartbeat

Fault State

Limiter

Text Identifying

Exciter Variable

Animated

Meters

FVR Feedback

0.0 Volts

FldCurrAmps

0.00 Amps

100% 150%

-30%

Auto Mode

Running

Online

Vmag

Imag

Watts

0.00

Vars

0.00

Freq_Hz

60.00

0.00

Balance Meter

0.00

Figure 5-2. Status Screen Example

The Menu Screen (see Figure 5-3) lists and provides access to menu-based

functions for adjusting parameters, running wizards, and viewing faults (see Menu

Selections).

Main Menu

Fault List

Alarms

Alarm String

Application data

Diagnostic and utility functions

General setup

I/O interface

Figure 5-3. Menu Screen Example

The Exciter Health and State Icons continually show on the right hand side of all

display screens. They indicate if the exciter is functioning correctly and show its

running state. These icons are displayed in five functional groups, as shown below.

You can change the display units and adjust the display contrast, if needed.

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Table 5-3. Exciter Health and State Icons

Group

Icon

Indication

Description

Communications

Animated line (its center raises and lowers) shows that there is

communication between the keypad and the exciter.

Heartbeat

Communications

not established

Animated metronome icon shows that the keypad is attempting to

establish communication with the exciter, but cannot.

Auto mode

Regulates terminal voltage.

Regulates field voltage.

Control

Manual mode

Test Mode

Exciter OK

The exciter is performing a diagnostic test.

Blank

When no icon displays, the exciter is operating correctly.

Abnormal

Displayed when there are over-ridden parameters.

Displayed when an alarm condition occurs.

Fault State

Alarm state

Trip fault

Displayed when a fault state occurs.

blinking

Stopped

Running

Limiting

Exciter is stopped.

Exciter is running.

Status

Field voltage regulator output is greater than field current regulator

or V/Hz or UEL limits are active.

Offline

Online

Exciter is offline.

Exciter is online.

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Shortcut – Press and hold the

Menu key. Press the Up and

Down arrows to adjust the

display contrast.

Changing Display Units

To change the type of measurement units displayed

1. From the Main Menu, select General Setup.

2. Select Display Units.

3. Select the display units parameter to edit it (see below).

4. Highlight, then select the preferred display units.

Press ENTER to accept, ESC to leave

Display units

New Value

= Metric (SI)

Present Value = Metric (SI)

Adjusting Display Contrast

To adjust the display contrast

1. From the Main Menu, select General Setup.

2. Then select:

a. Keypad

b. Keypad Functions

c. Adjust Screen Contrast

This displays the following screen.

- CONTRAST ADJUSTMENT -

HOLD UP ARROW TO INCREASE

HOLD DOWN ARROW TO DECREASE

Press ESCAPE to Continue

3. Press the Escape button to save the contrast value and return to the previous

menu.

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

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Status Screen

The Status screen displays up to eight variables (parameters). The first two

parameters are displayed both in text and animated meters. Table 5-4 defines the

characteristics of the bar graphs for these parameters.

Reading the Meters

A variable shown as a bar graph is over range when it is either greater than + 100%

or less than –100%. The over range mark is shown with a vertical bar through the bar

graph at the +100% and the –100% marks.

Not Over Range

+100%

-100%

Over

Range

Table 5-4. Animated Meter Characteristics (Default) for Status Screen

Bar Graph

Variable

Numeric Display

Units in Bar Graph

DC bus voltage

AC line current

Magnitude of dc bus voltage (FVR feedback)

Magnitude of ac line current (I_Mag_Fil)

Percentage of dc per unit volts (VDC_PU)

Percentage of source top-rated current (I_PU)

Alternate Status Screen (Display I/O)

The keypad has an alternate Status screen that displays the status of the general

purpose inputs and outputs. To toggle between the Meter Status Screen and the I/O

Status Screen, press any of the Arrow buttons.

The circle under each heading indicates the status of the corresponding I/O point, as

follows:

•

l = True

¡ = False

Display I/O Status

1 2 3 4 5 6

GP Inputs

GP Outputs

5-8 • Chapter 5 Diagnostic Interface-Keypad

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Using the Menus

The keypad’s Main Menu leads to other menu screens, where data can be reviewed

and modified. The Main Menu can be accessed from any screen, as follows:

•

If already in a Menu screen, press the Menu button.

If in a Status screen, press the Menu button once or twice.

Main Menu

Fault List

Alarms

Alarm String

Application data

Diagnostic and utility

General setup

I/O interface

Note The Main Menu selections may vary from product to product.

Use the Navigation buttons to move through the menus, select items, and adjust

values

•

Press the Up or Down Arrow buttons to move through and highlight menu

items.

•

Press the Enter button to select a highlighted item

To return to a previous menu screen, press the Escape button, Left Arrow

button, or follow on-screen instructions.

•

When a menu has more than one screen:

–

Move to the next screen by highlighting the last item on the displayed

screen, then press the Down Arrow button once more.

–

If the last menu item is reached, then pressing the Down Arrow button will

wrap back to the first item on that menu.

Viewing and Resetting Faults

When the display indicates either a Trip or an Alarm fault (refer to Reading the

Display), you can view information and reset (clear) current faults, as follows:

1. From the Main Menu, select Fault List, then select Display Active Faults.

The following screen displays.

Faults are displayed in order

of occurrence with the most

recent fault at the top.

ACTIVE FAULT DISPLAY

86 Trip

115 Trip

58 Brief

DC Over-current Trip

Bridge 1 Fan 1 BAD

Low AC V

Field temp alarm

--- RESET FAULTS NOW ---

Refer to GEH-6633 Troubleshooting, Preventive and Online Maintenance, for a list

of faults.

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

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2. To view detail on a particular fault, select that fault (listed on the Active Fault

Display screen). The following screen displays.

SELECTED FAULT - PRESS

Low AC V, B

006:40:11.008

Low AC input volts detected on

the field exciter.

3. Reset the faults either of two ways:

- Select Reset Faults Now in the Fault Display screen.

- Press the Reset Faults button.

To view the exciter’s Fault History (a list of previously cleared faults

and fault resets)

This display list may be

multiple screens long.

•

From the Main Menu, select Fault List, then select Display Fault History.

FAULT HISTORY DISPLAY

0 Cleared

86 Trip

115 Trip

Fault reset

DC Over-current trip.

Bridge 1 Fan 1 BAD

58 Brief

Low AC V

Field temp alarm

--- RESET FAULTS NOW ---

Editing Parameters

There are two types of parameters that can be changed using the keypad:

•

Option parameters lists items (options) for you to select. For example,

True/False is an option parameter.

•

Numeric parameters lists valid digits that you select to create a number.

To edit a parameter

1. From an exciter Parameters screen, select the parameter that is to be changed.

Parameters

GPT_Vrms

VHiTripLev

AFFL

1.2

100

Trip enabled

100

TripVHiTrip

VFFL

100.0

This displays either an Option or Numeric parameter screen (see both below) with

the New Value line highlighted.

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2. For an Option parameter:

a. Use the Up or Down Arrow buttons to select a new parameter value.

b. Press the Enter button to accept the change or Escape to exit and keep the

present value.

Press ENTER to accept, ESC to leave

TripVHiTrip

New Value

= Trip disabled

Present Value = Trip enabled

3. For a Numeric parameter:

a. Use the Left or Right Arrow buttons to highlight the digit to be changed.

If you continue pressing the Left Arrow button after reaching the left-most

digit of the edit field, the field fills with blanks. Pressing Enter when the

entire number is blanked out saves a <No Value>.

b. Use the Up and Down Arrow buttons to index through the valid digits (0, 1,

2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, e, ., -).

The e in the digit selection represents the start of the exponent in scientific

notation. If the e is used, all digits to the right of the e make up the

number’s exponent.

Press ENTER to accept, ESC to leave

VHiTripLev

New Value

1.3

Present Value =

1.2

Low Limit

High Limit

0.0000000

3.4028239e38

4. When all of the digits have been changed, press Enter to accept the new value

or press Escape to exit and keep the present value.

Parameter Backup

It is good practice to keep a backup copy of the exciter’s working parameter

configuration. You can then restore this file, if needed, or compare it with a re-

configured file to determine differences.

To save active parameters

1. From the Main Menu, select Parameter Backup Functions then select

Save Parameters to Backup.

Each new backup overwrites

the previous backup copy,

which cannot be restored.

Save Parameters to Backup

Save current parameter values.

Press ENTER to continue. ESC cancels.

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

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2. Press Enter to make a backup copy of the parameters or Escape to cancel.

To restore a parameter from backup

1. Stop the exciter. (This function cannot be executed with the exciter running.)

2. From the Main Menu, select Parameter Backup Functions then select Restore

Parameters from Backup.

Press to restore Parameters from Backup

-- WARNING --

The active parameter values will be

replaced, and can not be recovered.

Press ENTER to continue. ESC cancels.

3. Press Enter to restore the backup parameters or Escape to cancel.

Restoring parameters from a backup file overwrites the

currently active parameter values, which cannot then be

restored.

To compare the active parameter set to the backup parameter set

1. From the Main Menu, select Parameter Backup Functions then select

Compare Current Parameters to Backup.

BACKUP DIFFERENCES

VHiTripLev = 1.3

= 1.2

Backup value

AFFL

= 112.0

= 100.0

= 110.0

= 100.0

VFFL

2. Use the Up and Down Arrow buttons to scroll through the list of backup

differences.

3. Press Escape to return to the previous menu.

5-12 • Chapter 5 Diagnostic Interface-Keypad

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Firmware and Hardware Information

To view the firmware versions for the DSPX board and the keypad

From the Main Menu select:

1. General Setup

2. Firmware Version & Hardware Info

3. Display Firmware Version

The following screen displays:

GE Generator Control

EX2100

DSPX Firmware Version:

V02.06.00B

DSPX Boot Monitor Version: V02.02.00C

DDI Firmware Version:

V02.00.00B

Press ESC to exit

To view exciter hardware information

From the Main Menu select:

1. General Setup

2. Firmware Version & Hardware Info

3. Display Hardware Information

The following screen displays:

GE Generator Control

Hardware Information:

IS200ESELH1APR 5473716

IS215ACLAH1AL 8790070

IS200DSPXH1CAA 7611193

IS200EMIOH1APR 7360814

IS200EISBH1APR 5673766

ESC to exit

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

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Protecting the Keypad

To protect the exciter from unauthorized operation or reconfiguration, the keypad

includes two security controls, Password and Privilege Level.

The Password is a 5-digit number that protects the Password and Privilege Level

from being changed by unauthorized personnel. The default Password is 00000.

Privilege Level specifies which operational and configuration functions are disabled

in the keypad. There are three levels:

•

Read Only disables both the Exciter Control and the Configuration functions.

An operator can view but not edit parameters.

Operate & Read Only enables the Exciter Control function, but disables

Configuration functions. An operator can view, but not edit parameters.

Configure & Operate enables both the Exciter Control and the Configuration

functions. This is the default setting.

If you try to execute a function that is disabled in the active Privilege Level, the

keypad displays the following error message.

Incorrect password!

Press Any Key to Continue

Modifying the Protections

To modify the Password and Privilege Levels

1. From the Main Menu, select:

a. General Setup

b. Keypad

c. Keypad Security

The following screen displays:

Press ENTER to accept, ESC to leave

Enter Password: 00000

5-14 • Chapter 5 Diagnostic Interface-Keypad

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2. Enter the password as follows:

a. Use the Up and Down Arrow buttons to index through the valid digits (0

through 9).

b. Use the Right and Left Arrow buttons to move the cursor to the digit to

edit.

Press Enter to accept the Password.

If the password that was entered matches the saved Password value,

you can then modify the Privilege Level or Password.

Keypad Security

Keypad privilege

Keypad password

=Configure &

If it does not match, the keypad displays an error message.

Incorrect password!

Press Any Key to Continue

3. Use the Up and Down Arrow buttons to select either the Privilege Level or

Password.

4. Press Enter to edit the parameter. (See Editing Parameters.)

Note When you modify the keypad password, be sure to select Save Parameters To

Backup. Otherwise, the password stored in the active parameter will not match the

backup parameter set. That causes the Compare Current Parameters to Backup to

identify the Keypad Password parameter as different.

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

Chapter 5 Diagnostic Interface-Keypad • 5-15

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Notes

5-16 • Chapter 5 Diagnostic Interface-Keypad

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Appendix A Warranty and Renewal

Parts

Introduction

When ordering a replacement part for a GE exciter, the customer needs to know:

•

How to accurately identify the part

If the part is under warranty

How to place the order

This information helps ensure that GE can process the order accurately and as soon

as possible.

To minimize system downtime if repair is needed, GE recommends that the customer

keep a set of spare parts on hand. The Renewal Parts Quotation lists

recommended spares.

Appendix A of this manual provides information to help the user identify and obtain

replacement parts. It is organized as follows:

Section

Page

Identifying the Part ................................................................................................. A-2

Renewal Parts List........................................................................................... A-2

Part Number Structure ..................................................................................... A-2

Warranty Terms ...................................................................................................... A-4

How to Order Parts ................................................................................................. A-5

Data Nameplate ............................................................................................... A-5

ML Number ..................................................................................................... A-5

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

Appendix A Warranty and Renewal Parts • A-1

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Identifying the Part

An exciter component, or part, is identified by its assigned part number and

description. The part number is normally found on a nameplate on the component.

The description is included in the system renewal parts list.

Renewal Parts List

The Renewal Parts List is a separate document that lists the parts of a complete

system. This list applies specifically to the equipment furnished on a customer’s

particular application (requisition) at the time of shipment. It includes:

•

Part numbers and descriptions

Quantity used

Recommended spares to keep onhand

Normal delivery cycle for obtaining each part

GE provides the Renewal Parts List with the exciter’s custom instructions. If this

document is missing, contact the nearest GE sales office or service representative to

obtain a replacement copy. You need to provide the following information (see

Figure A-4) to correctly identify the system:

•

Requisition number

Model number

Part Number Structure

A GE part number is structured so that different portions of the number identify the

type of equipment and location of manufacture. A part falls into one of four

categories:

•

Order-specific assemblies – Major assemblies or items that make up a specific

exciter, constructed from common assemblies

•

Common assemblies – Subassemblies used in many GE exciter products, not

just a specific exciter

•

Components – Individual parts that make up assemblies

Printed wiring boards

These categories and the makeup of their part numbers are defined under Order

Specific Assemblies.

A-2 • Appendix A Warranty and Renewal Parts

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Order Specific Assemblies

These parts make up the particular exciter. Other items obtained specifically for the

order may also use a similar part number structure, which provides information about

the equipment.

3V AAA

XX###

123

Unit & sequence number of

Sequence/projec

Unique

to req'n

Order

product line

Identifies manufacturer as GE

Systems, Salem,

Sample Part Number for Order-Specific Assembly

Common Assemblies

Common assemblies are subassemblies used as components of order-specific

assemblies. Common assemblies are not designed for a particular exciter, but provide

a function used in other GE products.

For example, 36C774524AAG48 is the part number for a cable.

Components

Components are the basic parts that make up assemblies. They represent the

lowest discrete level of a system. Component part numbers consist of a combination

of alphanumeric characters that define the class and specific item. A sample number

is shown below.

104X 109 1ADO38

Item or rating (500 V, 3.2 A FNQ)

Component type (fuse)

Component

Sample Part Number for Component

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

Appendix A Warranty and Renewal Parts • A-3

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Printed Wiring Boards

A printed wiring board is identified by an alphanumeric part (catalog) number

stamped near its edge. The structure of a board’s part number is described below.

Note All digits are important when ordering or replacing any board.

The factory may substitute later versions of boards based on availability and design

enhancements. However, GE Industrial Systems ensures compatibility of

replacement boards.

IS 200 DSPX G# A A A

Artwork revision¹

Functional revision¹

Functional revision²

Group (variation, G or H)

Functional acronym

Assembly level³

Manufacturer (DS & IS for GE in Salem, VA)

¹Backward compatible

²Not backward compatible

³200 indicates a base-level board; 215 indicates a

higher-level assembly or added components (such

as PROM)

Sample Board Part Number

Warranty Terms

The GE Terms and Conditions brochure details product warranty information,

including warranty period and parts and service coverage. The brochure is

included with customer documentation. It may be obtained separately from the

nearest GE Sales Office or authorized GE Sales Representative.

Note Standard warranty is 18 months from shipment or 12 months from when

power is first applied, whichever comes first.

A-4 • Appendix A Warranty and Renewal Parts

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How to Order Parts

Parts still under warranty may be obtained directly from the factory:

GE Industrial Systems

(“+” indicates the

Product Service Engineering

1501 Roanoke Blvd.

Salem, VA 24153-6492 USA

international access code

required when calling from

outside of the USA.)

Phone:

Fax:

+ 1 800 533 5885 (United States, Canada, Mexico)

+ 1 540 378 3280 (International)

+ 1 540 387 8606 (All)

Renewals (spares or those not under warranty) should be ordered by contacting the

nearest GE Sales or Service Office. Be sure to include:

•

Complete part number, located in the renewal parts list

Part name

Exciter model, located in it's nameplate

Data Nameplate

The data nameplate is located on the back of the cabinet door. It provides

information needed when ordering parts or contacting GE for assistance.

ML Number

Each GE lineup, cabinet (panel)/case, and core unit has a unique identifying catalog

number, also called the part or material list (ML) number. This number is

structured to provide information about that equipment. The catalog number links the

equipment to its requisition, drawings, components, materials, specification item,

and shipping documents.

3V AAA

XX###

123

Unit & sequence number of components:

CA## = Case assembly

CD## = Core dc drive controller

CI### = Core ac drive controller

LU### = Lineup, multiple case

assembly

PN## = Panel assembly

RL## = Requisition-level assembly

Sequence/project

Unique

to req'n

Order month/year/

product line

Identifies manufacturer as GE Industrial

Systems, Salem, VA

Sample Exciter ML (Catalog) Number

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

Appendix A Warranty and Renewal Parts • A-5

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Notes

A-6 • Appendix A Warranty and Renewal Parts

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Appendix B Ratings and

Specifications

The actual equipment rating is on your exciter nameplate.

This appendix indicates the range of possible product

offerings but not necessarily the capability of your exciter.

EX2100 Specification

Power Conversion Module (PCM)

Single bridge rating

Description

1,000 and 2,000 A dc at up to 1,000 V ac

Parallel bridge rating

8,000 A dc at up to 1,500 V ac, with up to 6 bridges

150% of design Amperes (EDA) for 30 s at 40 ºC

Forcing requirements

Power Sources

Power for the PCM – Voltage source

Auxiliary bus

Generator terminals

Compound Source

600 or 1,000 V versions

Power for the PCM – VA (power)

Power for the PCM - Frequency

Power to the Cooling Fans (3)

Flashing power

3,251 KVA (1,000 V version)

3-phase 50/60 Hz, ± 5%

10 A rms, 125 V ac single source

125-250 V dc battery source, with up to 200 A for at least 10 s

380-480 V ac, 50/60 Hz single-phase auxiliary source

For two ac sources, or one ac and one dc source

Nominal 120 V ac ±15%, with 1 DACA, 10 A rms max.

Battery source 125 V dc, range 80-140 V dc, 10.6 A dc max.

10 KW for a 2000 A, 1,000 V ac PCM

Control power (redundant with 2 bridges,

warm backup}

Heat loss in single PCM cabinet

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

Appendix B Ratings and Specifications • B-1

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Input/Output

QTY

Potential transformers (PTs)

3-phase standard, single-phase available

120 V ac nominal

1 VA nominal burden

Current transformers (CTs, 1 or 5 A)

Any two phases, single phase is available

1 VA nominal burden

86G dedicated contact input

52G dedicated contact input

Trip rated contact outputs

Open for trip

Closed for online

At 125 V dc the relay break characteristics are:

Resistive load 0.5 A

Inductive load 0.2 A

General Purpose contact inputs

Customer contact, 70 V dc supplied by ECTB

At 125 V dc the relay break characteristics are:

Resistive load 0.5 A

General Purpose Form C contact outputs

Inductive load 0.1 A

± 10 V differential amplifier input

Control

Automatic ac Voltage Regulation

Proportional + Integral, software implemented

± 0.25 % over full voltage range

Manual dc Voltage regulator

Protection Features

Proportional + Integral, software implemented

± 2.0 % over full voltage range

Under Excitation Limiter, (UEL)

Over Excitation protection (76)

Generator Field Ground detection (64F)

Generator Overvoltage protection (24G)

Loss of Excitation protection (40)

V/Hz limit (24) and trip (24T)

Bridge Over Temperature (26)

Field Over Temperature (49)

Phase Unbalance (22)

PT Failure (60)

Environmental Control & Protection

Base controls cabinet

Continuous operation in a 0 to 40 ºC ambient environment

Base power bridge and auxiliary cabinet

Continuous operation in a 0 to 40 ºC ambient environment, with 5 to 95%

humidity, non-condensing

Storage Temperature

Humidity

-40 ºC to +70 ºC

5 to 95% humidity, non-condensing

Altitude

Normal operation at 0 to 1000 m. Derate 6% per 1000 m above 1000 m

Forced air cooling required for PCM cabinet

Reactive Sulfur, Reactive Chlorine, Hydrogen Sulfide

Sulfur Dioxide, Chlorine Dioxide, Sulfuric Acid

Hydrochloric Acid, Hydrogen Chloride, Ammonia

Cooling

Contaminants, withstand 10 PPB of

these:

Vibration

Seismic

Universal Building Code (UBC) – Seismic Code section 2312 Zone 4

72 hours at 0.3 G rms between 4 to 16 Hz

Shipping

3 shocks of 15 G, 2 ms impulse for all three axes

1.0 G Horizontal, 0.5 G vertical at 15 to 150 Hz

Operating/Installed at Site

B-2 • Appendix B Ratings and Specifications

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Cabinet Dimensions & Weight

Redundant control with dual PCM

redundant converter in a three-cabinet

lineup

Width 141.74 in (3600 mm)

Height 104.32 in (2650 mm)

Depth

31.5 in (800 mm)

Weight of Converter cabinet

3,600 lbs.

5,600 lbs.

Weight of Total Lineup (Converter,

Control, and Auxiliary cabinets)

Cabinet type, control & auxiliary

Cabinet type, power conversion

Power and Control Cable Access

Reliability

NEMA 1 (IEC IP 20), convection cooled

NEMA 1 (IEC IP 20), forced air cooled

Entrances from the top and/or bottom

MTBF - Mean Time Between Failures

MTTR - Mean Time to Repair

Acoustic

Simplex system 25,000 hrs

Redundant system 175,000 hrs

Any subsystem 4 hrs

Generated Acoustic Noise (Preliminary)

PCM cabinet approximately 75 dB

Codes and Standards

UL 508C

Safety Standard Industrial Control Equipment

Industrial Control Equipment

CSA 22.2 No. 14

UL 796

Printed Wire Board Assemblies

ANSI IPC

Guidelines

IEC 801-2:1991

ENV 50140:1993

EN 50082-2:1994

IEC 801-4

Electrostatic Discharge Susceptibility

Radiated RF Immunity

Generic Immunity Industrial Environment

Electrical Fast Transient Susceptibility

Surge Immunity

IEC 1000-4-5

IEC 1000-4-6

ENV 55011:1991

EN 61010-1

Conducted RF Immunity

ISM Equipment Emissions

Safety of Electrical Equipment, Industrial Machines

Intrusion Protection Codes/NEMA 1/IP 20

Standard Definitions for Excitation Systems for Synchronous machines

IEC 529

IEEE 421.1

IEEE 421.2

Guide for Identification, Testing, and Evaluation of the Dynamic

Performance of Excitation Control Systems

IEEE 421.3

IEEE 421.4

IEEE 421.5

High-Potential Test Requirements for Excitation Systems

Guide for the preparation of Excitation Systems Specs

Recommended Practice for Excitation Systems for Power Stability

Studies

EN50178/LVD/EMC

IEEE C57.12.01

IEEE C57.110

CE Compliance

General Requirements for Dry-Type Distribution & Power Transformers

Recommended Practice for Establishing Transformer Capability when

supplying Non-Sinusoidal Load Currents

IEEE C57.116

IEEE C37.90.1

IEEE Guide for Transformers Directly Connected to Generators

Surge Withstand Capability (SWC) tests for Protective Relays and Relay

Systems

IEEE C57.18.10

Practices and Requirements for Semiconductor Power Rectifier

Transformers

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

Appendix B Ratings and Specifications • B-3

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Notes

B-4 • Appendix B Ratings and Specifications

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Glossary of Terms

Full height Versa Module Eurocard (VME) board

application code

Software that controls the machine or process, specific to the application.

ASCII

American Standard Code for Information Interchange. An 8-bit code used for data.

auxiliary source

A source of three-phase ac power for the exciter, but not from the generator being

controlled.

automatic voltage regulator (AVR)

AVR is controller software that maintains the generator terminal voltage through the

Field Voltage Regulator.

baud

A unit of data transmission. Baud rate is the number of bits per second transmitted.

BIOS

Basic input/output system. Performs the controller boot-up, which includes hardware

self-tests and the file system loader.

bit

Binary Digit. The smallest unit of memory used to store only one piece of

information with two states, such as One/Zero or On/Off.

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Glossary of Terms • i

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block

Instruction blocks contain basic control functions, which are connected together

during configuration to form the required machine or process control. Blocks can

perform math computations, sequencing, or regulator (continuous) control.

board

Printed wiring board or card.

bus

Upper bar for power transfer, also an electrical path for transmitting and receiving

data.

bumpless

No disruption to the exciter when transferring control.

byte

A group of binary digits (bits); a measure of data flow when bytes per second.

CMOS

Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor.

COM port

Serial controller communication ports (two). COM1 is reserved for diagnostic

information and the Serial Loader. COM2 is used for I/O communication

configure

To select specific options, either by setting the location of hardware jumpers or

loading software parameters into memory.

crowbar

The crowbar limits the high negative voltages that can be induced into the PCM

during a pole slip (loss of synchronism) event. It includes a discharge resistor, and is

self firing.

Current Transformer, used to measure current in an ac power cable.

DACA

Ac to dc converter for power supply, produces 125 V dc.

ii • Glossary of Terms

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DCS (Distributed Control System)

Control system, usually applied to control of boilers and other process equipment.

de-excitation

The de-excitation circuit provides a conduction path through a discharge resistor to

dissipate the field current after a unit trip.

device

A configurable component of a control system.

DRAM

Dynamic Random Access Memory, used in microprocessor-based equipment.

EGD

Ethernet Global Data, a control network and protocol for the controller. Devices

share data through EGD exchanges (pages).

EMI

Electro-magnetic interference; this can affect an electronic control system.

EPBP Backplane

Exciter Power Backplane holds power supply modules, ground detect modules, and

connectors for power distribution.

EPDM

Exciter Power Distribution Module distributes 125 V dc to the power supplies.

Ethernet

LAN with a 10/100 M baud collision avoidance/collision detection system used to

link one or more computers together. Basis for TCP/IP and I/O services layers that

conform to the IEEE 802.3 standard.

EX2100 Exciter

GE static exciter; regulates the generator field current to control the generator output

voltage.

fanned input

A termination board input that is connected to all three redundant controllers.

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

Glossary of Terms • iii

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fault code

A message from the controller to the HMI indicating a system warning or failure.

field flashing

The supply of initial exciter current during startup, usually from station batteries.

field ground detector

The field ground detector is an active circuit that detects a ground in either the ac or

dc sections of the exciter and field wiring.

field voltage regulator (FVR)

FVR is controller software that maintains the generator terminal voltage using inputs

from the Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) and the field voltage feedback.

firmware

The set of executable software that is stored in memory chips that hold their content

without electrical power, such as EEPROM or Flash.

flash

A non-volatile programmable memory device.

FVR

Field Voltage Regulator, software controlling the voltage across the field.

gating

Controlling the conduction of the power SCRs with an input pulse train (or a

voltage).

health

A term that defines whether a signal is functioning as expected.

heartbeat

A signal emitted at regular intervals by software to demonstrate that it is still active.

HMI

Human Machine Interface, usually a PC running Windows NT and CIMPLICITY

HMI software.

iv • Glossary of Terms

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hot backup

Two bridges are used but only one is connected to the field, the other (the backup) is

connected to a small dummy load. If the active bridge fails it is disconnected from

the field by relays, and the backup is connected.

ICS

Integrated Control System. ICS combines various power plant controls into a single

system.

IEEE

Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. A United States-based society that

develops standards.

I/O

Input/output interfaces that allow the flow of data into and out of a device.

I/O drivers

Software that interfaces the controller with input/output devices, such as

communication networks, sensors, and solenoid valves.

IP address

The address assigned to a device on an Ethernet communication network.

line filter

Filter networks across the three-phase input lines to the exciter to minimize the

voltage spikes that result from the abrupt decay of current during SCR

commutations.

LCI Static Starter

Electric power device that runs the generator as a motor to bring a gas turbine up to

starting speed.

logical

A statement of a true sense, such as a Boolean.

Mark VI turbine controller

A control system hosted in one or more VME racks that performs turbine-specific

speed control, logic, and sequencing.

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

Glossary of Terms • v

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Modbus

A serial communication protocol developed by Modicon for use between PLCs and

other computers.

multiple bridges

Several power producing bridges operate in parallel to produce a high field current.

These share the exciter current load to provide redundancy and increased reliability.

NEMA

National Electrical Manufacturers Association; a U.S. standards organization.

non-volatile

Memory specially designed to store information even when the power is off, for

example Flash memory.

OLR

On-Line Repair, capability provided by redundant control elements.

over-excitation limiter (OEL)

OEL software limits the excitation current to prevent overfluxing the generator

power conversion module (PCM)

The PCM or Bridge consists of six three-phase rectifiers, with associated protection

and control devices, to generate the dc field current.

power current transformer (PCT)

A PCT can be attached to the generator line to provide a portion of the three-phase

power for the exciter, part of a compound source.

power distribution module (EPDM)

The PDM distributes 125 V dc to the power supplies for the controllers and I/O

termination boards.

power potential transformer (PPT)

A PPT is attached to the generator terminals to provide three-phase power for the

exciter; referred to as a potential source.

power system stabilizer (PSS)

PSS software produces a damping torque on the generator to reduce generator

oscillations.

vi • Glossary of Terms

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product code (runtime)

Software stored in the controller’s Flash memory that converts application code

(pcode) to executable code.

PRV

Peak Reverse Voltage is limited with pole slip resistors, wired across the SCRs.

Potential Transformer, used for measuring voltage in a power cable.

real-time

Immediate response, referring to control systems that must respond instantly to

changing conditions.

reboot

To restart the controller or toolbox.

Redundant

A system consisting of duplicated components (boards or modules), which can

transfer functionality from a failed component to one of the duplicate components

without loss of the entire system’s functionality.

relay ladder diagram (RLD)

A ladder diagram represents a relay circuit. Power is considered to flow from the left

rail through contacts to the coil connected at the right.

RFI

Radio Frequency Interference; this is high frequency electromagnetic energy which

can affect the control system.

RTD

Resistance Temperature Device, used for measuring temperature.

runtime

See product code.

runtime errors

Controller problems indicated on the front panel by coded flashing LEDS, and also

in the Log View of the toolbox.

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Glossary of Terms • vii

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sampling rate

The rate at which process signal samples are obtained, measured in samples/second.

serial loader

Connects the controller to the toolbox PC using the RS-232C COM ports. The Serial

Loader initializes the controller flash file system and sets its TCP/IP address to allow

it to communicate with the toolbox over Ethernet.

server

A PC, which gathers data over Ethernet from plant devices, and makes the data

available to PC-based operator interfaces known as Viewers.

shaft voltage suppressor

The shaft voltage suppressor is a filter that conducts to ground the high frequency

components of the induced voltages in the field current.

signal

The basic unit for variable information in the controller.

simplex

System with only one set of control and I/O boards. Contrast with redundant control

systems.

simulation

Running the control system using a software model of the generator and exciter.

SOE

Sequence of Events, a high-speed record of contact closures taken during a plant

upset to allow detailed analysis of the event.

Static Exciter

Produces a controlled dc field current without the use of a rotating generator.

TCP/IP

Communications protocols developed to inter-network dissimilar systems. It is a de

facto UNIX standard, but is supported on almost all systems. TCP controls data

transfer and IP provides the routing for functions.

TMR

Triple Modular Redundancy. An operation that uses three sets of control and I/O

(channels M1, M2, and C) and votes the results.

viii • Glossary of Terms

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toolbox

A Windows NT -based software package used to configure the EX2100 and Mark VI

turbine controller.

under-excitation limit (UEL)

UEL software functions to prevent generator over-heating caused by under

excitation.

unit data highway (UDH)

Connects the EX2100, Mark VI turbine controllers, LCI, PLCs, and other GE

provided equipment to the HMI Servers; runs at 10/100 Mbaud and supports Peer-to-

Peer communications.

V/Hz

V/Hz is the ratio of generator voltage to the frequency; this is limited to prevent

overfluxing the generator.

VME board

Versa Module Eurocard, a European standard for printed circuit boards and

backplane.

warm backup

Two bridges are connected to the field but only one is actively producing power. The

other bridge does not receive gating pulses until it is required to take over from the

active bridge.

Windows NT

Advanced 32-bit PC operating system from Microsoft.

EX2100 User’s Guide GEH-6632

Glossary of Terms • ix

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Notes

x • Glossary of Terms

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Cell Snubbers 2-5

communication 1-2, 1-5, 2-11, 2-13, 3-4, 4-19, 4-20,

5-6

Compound power source 2-2

contact input 1-7, 3-4 – 3-6, 4-4, B-2

contact output 1-7, 3-5, 3-6, 4-4, B-2

control 1-1, 1-2, 1-5 – 1-7, 2-1 – 2-4, 2-6, 2-8 – 2-11,

2-13, 2-14, 2-17, 2-19, 2-20, 2-21, 3-1, 3-2, 3-4 –

3-9, 3-11, 4-3, 4-4, 4-8, 4-11, 4-14, 4-16, 4-19,

5-1, 5-2, B-3

Index

Control Boards

ACLA 1-6, 2-11, 2-13, 2-14, 3-1, 3-2, 3-4, 4-19, 4-20

DSPX 1-6, 2-11, 3-1, 3-2, 3-4, 3-8, 4-14, 4-20, 5-13

EBKP 3-1, 3-2, 3-6, 3-11, 4-8

EISB 2-11, 3-1, 3-2, 3-4, 3-6, 3-8, 4-8

EMIO 2-11, 3-1, 3-2, 3-4 – 3-6, 4-3, 4-4, 4-16, 4-17

ESEL 2-6, 2-11, 2-14, 3-1, 3-2, 3-4, 3-5, 3-7

control cabinet 1-5, 2-9, 2-10, 3-11, 4-3

Control Cabinet 2-1, 2-10

ac disconnect 1-5, 2-5

Ac Line-to-Line Filters 2-1, 2-8

Control Module 2-1, 2-11

Ac to Dc Converter 1-6, 2-14, 3-1, 3-9, 3-11, B-1

ACLA (see Application Control Layer Module)

Analog I/O 4-1, 4-2

Analog Input 4-1, 4-3

Application Control Layer Module 1-6, 2-11, 2-13, 2-

14, 3-1, 3-2, 3-4, 4-19, 4-20

Control Power Supplies 2-1, 2-14

Diagnostic Interface 1-1, 2-1, 2-2, 2-10, 5-1

Redundant Control System 2-1, 2-13

Simplex Control System 2-1, 2-12

control module 1-2, 2-6, 2-11, 2-14, 3-4, 4-14, 4-16

Control Module 2-1, 2-11

AUTO REF (see Auto Reference)

Auto Reference 2-1, 2-20

Control power supplies 2-2

Control Power Supplies 2-1, 2-14

Control Scheme 2-18

Control System Toolbox 1-2, 1-6, 1-8, 2-2, 2-17, 4-1,

4-20

Automatic Voltage Regulator 2-1, 2-20, 2-21, 3-4

auxiliary cabinet 1-5, 1-7, 2-5, 2-8, 2-15, 4-7, B-2

Auxiliary Cabinet 2-1, 2-8, 3-9, 4-16

Ac Line-to-Line Filters 2-1, 2-8

Connection 4-1, 4-20

Controller

De-excitation Module 2-1, 2-8, 3-1, 3-6 – 3-8, 3-10,

3-11, 4-11

C 1-2, 2-11, 2-13, 2-14, 3-2, 3-4, 3-5, 3-7 – 3-9, 3-11,

4-3, 4-14, 4-20,

M1 1-2, 2-11, 2-13, 2-14, 3-2, 3-4, 3-5 – 3-9, 3-11,

4-3, 4-14, 4-20

M2 1-2, 2-11, 2-13, 2-14, 3-2, 3-4, 3-5 – 3-9, 3-11,

4-3, 4-14, 4-20

cooling fans 1-5, 2-2, 3-9

Field Flashing Module 2-1, 2-9

Field Ground Detector 2-1, 2-9, 3-7, 4-1, 4-14, 4-15

High Voltage Interface 2-1, 2-9

Shaft Voltage Suppressor 2-1, 2-9, 4-1, 4-18

Auxiliary power source 2-2

AVR (see Automatic Voltage Regulator)

AVR Setpoint 2-1, 2-20

Crowbar 2-2, 3-6, 3-7, 3-10, 3-11, 4-1, 4-14, 4-18

Crowbar module 2-2, 3-7, 3-11

Current Shunt 2-6

bridge 1-2, 1-5, 1-6, 2-2, 2-5 – 2-9, 2-11, 2-14, 2-19,

3-1, 3-2, 3-5 –3-7, 4-3, 4-8, 4-9, 4-16, B-1, B-2

Bridge and Protection Boards and Modules

EDEX 2-1, 2-8, 3-1, 3-6 – 3-8, 3-10, 3-11, 4-11

EGDM 2-1, 2-9, 2-15, 3-1, 3-4, 3-7 – 3-11, 4-14

EGPA 2-1, 2-5, 2-6, 2-11, 2-14, 3-1, 3-4, 3-5, 3-7, 3-9

EXAM 2-1, 2-9, 2-15, 3-1, 3-7 – 3-10

EXCS 3-1, 3-7

Current transformers 1-7, B-2

Customer Contact I/O 4-1, 4-4

DACA (see Ac to Dc Converter)

Data Highway Connections 4-1, 4-19

dc contactors 1-5

Dc Field Flashing

Bridge Rectifier 2-5

Settings 4-1, 4-16

de-excitation 1-2, 1-5, 2-5, 2-8, 3-4 – 3-6, 3-8, 3-11,

4-11, 4-14

Cabinet Dimensions & Weight 1-7, B-3

De-excitation 2-1, 2-2, 2-7, 2-8, 4-11

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De-Excitation 3-7, 3-11, 4-1, 4-11 – 4-13

Crowbar 2-2, 3-6, 3-7, 3-10, 3-11, 4-1, 4-14, 4-18

Field Flashing 2-1, 2-9, 3-2, 4-1, 4-16, 4-17

Field Ground Detector 2-1, 2-9, 3-7, 4-1, 4-14, 4-15

Shaft Voltage Suppressor 2-1, 2-9, 4-1, 4-18

De-excitation module 2-2, 2-8

Exciter Contact Terminal Board 1-7, 2-15, 3-1, 3-4 –

3-6, 3-10, 3-11, 4-4, B-2

Exciter DC Feedback 3-5, 3-6, 3-11, 4-1, 4-8

Exciter DC Feedback Board 2-6, 2-9, 2-13, 3-1, 3-4 –

3-6, 3-10, 3-11, 4-8

Exciter Gate Pulse Amplifier Board 2-1, 2-5, 2-6, 2-11,

2-14, 3-1, 3-4, 3-5, 3-7, 3-9

Exciter Internal I/O 4-1, 4-8

De-excitation Module 2-1, 2-8, 3-1, 3-6 – 3-8, 3-10,

3-11, 4-11

Diagnostic Interface 1-1, 2-1, 2-2, 2-10, 5-1

Alternate Status Screen 5-1, 5-8

Changing Display 5-1, 5-7

Exciter AC Feedback 3-5, 3-7, 3-11, 4-1, 4-7, 4-8

Exciter DC Feedback 3-5, 3-6, 3-11, 4-1, 4-8

Field Current Feedback 4-9

Editing Parameters 5-1, 5-10, 5-15

Faults 5-1, 5-9

Keypad 2-10, 5-1

Field Voltage Feedback 4-9

Exciter ISBus Board 2-11, 3-1, 3-2, 3-4, 3-6, 3-8, 4-8

Exciter Main I/O Board 2-11, 3-1, 3-2, 3-4 – 3-6, 4-3,

4-4, 4-16, 4-17

Protecting the Keypad 5-1, 5-14

Reading the Display 5-1, 5-5, 5-9

Reading the Meters 5-1, 5-8

Exciter Power Backplane 2-14 – 2-16, 3-1, 3-8, 3-9,

3-11

Status Screen 5-1, 5-3, 5-5, 5-8

Using the Menus 5-1, 5-9

Exciter Power Distribution Module 2-14, 2-16, 3-1, 3-7,

3-9, 3-11, 4-6

Using the Pushbuttons 5-1, 5-2

Exciter Power Supply Module 2-12, 2-14, 3-1, 3-9,

3-11

Exciter PT/CT Board 2-13, 2-17, 3-1, 3-4, 3-5, 4-3

Exciter Selector Board 2-6, 2-11, 2-14, 3-1, 3-2, 3-4,

3-5, 3-7

Diagnostic Interface (keypad) 1-1, 2-1, 2-2, 2-10, 3-2,

3-4, 5-1, 5-2, 5-5, 5-6, 5-8, 5-9, 5-10, 5-13 – 5-15

Digital Signal Processor Control Board 1-6, 2-11, 3-1,

3-2, 3-4, 3-8, 4-14, 4-20, 5-13

Document Distribution 1-1, 1-8

Exciter Software

DSPX (see Digital Signal Processor Control Board)

Dual Control System Configurations 2-4

Auto Reference 2-1, 2-20

Automatic Voltage Regulator 2-1, 2-20, 2-21, 3-4, 5-4

AVR Setpoint 2-1, 2-20

Field Current Regulator 2-1, 2-21, 3-2

Field Voltage Regulator 2-1, 2-20, 2-21, 3-2, 5-4, 5-8

Manual Reference 2-1, 2-21

Power System Stabilizer 2-1, 2-17, 2-20, 3-4

Under Excitation Limiter 2-1, 2-20, 3-4, 5-6, B-2

Exciter Terminal Board 2-7, 2-14, 2-15, 3-1, 3-4 – 3-6,

3-8 – 3-11, 4-11, 4-16, 4-17

EACF (see Exciter AC Feedback Board)

EBKP (see Exciter Backplane)

ECTB (see Exciter Contact Terminal Board)

EDCF (see Exciter DC Feedback Board)

EDEX (see De-excitation Module)

EDEX (see Exciter De-excitation Board)

EGDM (see Exciter Field Ground Detector Module)

EGPA (see Exciter Gate Pulse Amplifier Board)

EISB (see Exciter ISBus Board)

EMIO (see Exciter Main I/O Board)

EPBP (see Exciter Power Backplane)

EPCT (see Exciter PT/CT Board)

EXCS (see Exciter Conduction Sensor Board)

EXTB (see Exciter Terminal Board)

FCR (see Field Current Regulator)

Field Current Feedback 4-9

EPDM (see Exciter Power Distribution Module)

EPSM (see Exciter Power Supply Module)

ESEL (see Exciter Selector Board)

Field Current Regulator 2-1, 2-21, 3-2

field flashing 1-5, 2-8, 2-9, 3-4, 3-6, 4-16

Field flashing module 2-2

Ethernet 1-2, 2-11, 2-13, 3-4, 3-10, 4-19, 4-20

EXAM (see Exciter Attenuator Module)

EXASP (see AVR Setpoint)

Exciter AC Feedback 3-5, 3-7, 3-11, 4-1, 4-7, 4-8

Exciter AC Feedback Board 2-9, 3-1, 3-4, 3-5, 3-7, 4-3,

4-8

Field Flashing Module 2-1, 2-9

Field Ground Detector 2-1, 2-9, 3-7, 4-1, 4-14, 4-15

Field Ground Detector Module 2-1, 2-9, 2-15, 3-1, 3-4,

3-7 – 3-11, 4-14

Field Voltage Feedback 4-9

Field Voltage Regulator 2-1, 2-20, 2-21, 3-2, 5-4, 5-8

Flashing Control 4-1, 4-16

Exciter Attenuator Module 2-1, 2-9, 2-15, 3-1, 3-7 –

3-9, 3-10

Free Wheeling Diode 2-1, 2-7

Exciter Backplane 3-1, 3-2, 3-6, 3-11, 4-8

Exciter Conduction Sensor Board 3-1, 3-7

Exciter Configurations 2-1, 2-3

FVR (see Field Voltage Regulator)

ii • Index

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Gate Pulse Amplifiers 2-1, 2-6

operator interface 1-2, 2-10

Generator Current Measurement 4-3

Generator Voltage Measurement 4-3

PCM (see Power Conversion Module)

Potential transformers 1-7, B-2

Power Connections 4-1, 4-2

Hardware

Overview 1-1, 1-5

High Voltage Interface 2-1, 2-9

HMI

power conversion cabinet 1-5, 2-8

Power Conversion Cabinet 2-1, 2-5, 4-11

Free Wheeling Diode 2-1, 2-7

Mark VI 2-1

Gate Pulse Amplifiers 2-1, 2-6

Toolbox 2-1, 4-20

Main Dc Contactors 2-1, 2-7

HMI (see Human Machine Interface)

How to Get Help 1-1, 1-8

Human Machine Interface 1-2, 2-1, 2-20, 2-21, 3-4,

4-19

Manual Ac Disconnect 2-1, 2-5

Power Converter Module 1-6, 2-1, 2-5

power conversion module 1-2, 1-6, 1-7, 2-1, 2-2, 2-5,

3-5, 3-7, 4-14, B-1 – B-3

Mark VI 2-1

Toolbox 2-1, 4-20

Power Conversion Module 1-2, 1-6, 1-7, 2-1, 2-2, 2-5,

3-5, 3-7, 4-14, B-1, B-2, B-3

HVI (see High Voltage Interface)

Power Converter Module 1-6, 2-1, 2-5

Power potential transformer 1-2, 2-2, 2-5, 2-9, 3-7, 4-3,

4-14

Power Potential Transformer 4-1, 4-3

power source 1-2, 3-7

I/O 1-1, 1-5, 1-6, 2-2, 2-10, 2-11, 3-1, 3-2, 3-4, 3-5, 3-9,

3-11, 4-1, 4-5, 5-1, 5-8

Power Supply Boards

I/O Terminal Boards

DACA 1-6, 2-14, 3-1, 3-9, 3-11, B-1

EPBP 2-14 – 2-16, 3-1, 3-8, 3-9, 3-11

EPDM 2-14, 2-16, 3-1, 3-7, 3-9, 3-11, 4-6

EPSM 2-12, 2-14, 3-1, 3-9, 3-11

Power Supply Inputs 4-1, 4-6

Power System Stabilizer 2-1, 2-17, 3-4

PPT (see Power potential transformer)

PPT (see Power Potential Transformer)

PSS (see Power System Stabilizer)

EACF 2-9, 3-1, 3-4, 3-5, 3-7, 4-3, 4-8

ECTB 1-7, 2-15, 3-1, 3-4 – 3-6, 3-10, 3-11, 4-4, B-2

EDCF 2-6, 2-9, 2-13, 3-1, 3-4 – 3-6, 3-10, 3-11, 4-8

EPCT 2-13, 2-17, 3-1, 3-4, 3-5, 4-3

EXTB 2-7, 2-14, 2-15, 3-1, 3-4 – 3-6, 3-8 – 3-11,

4-11, 4-16, 4-17

Keypad 1-1, 2-10, 5-2, 5-7, 5-14, 5-15

RAM 1-6

Ratings and Specifications 1-1

Redundant ac source 2-2

Redundant Control System 2-1, 2-13