Extron electronic DVD Player DVS 406 A User Manual
DVS 406  
Digital Video Scaler Series  
DVS 406, DVS 406 A, DVS 406 D, and DVS 406 AD  
68-539-01 Rev. D  
02 05  
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Quick Start — DVS 406  
Installation  
Step 4  
Attach output devices to the scaler.  
Step 1  
Rear panel video output  
Output BNC connectors  
Turn off power to the scaler and input and output  
devices, and remove power cords from them.  
Step 2  
R
G
B
H/HV  
V
R
G
B
H/HV  
V
RGBHV  
RGBS  
Install the four rubber feet on the bottom of the  
DVS 406 scaler, or mount the scaler in a rack.  
R
G
B
H/HV  
V
RGsB (Sync on Green)  
RsGsBs (output only if input is RsGsBs)  
Step 3  
RGB  
Attach input devices to the scaler.  
Output 15-pin HD connector  
Rear panel video inputs  
Input 1: RGB and HD YUV pass-through  
Both connectors will output simultaneously.  
The sync format is the same for both outputs.  
HDYUV to / RGB PASS THROUGH  
HDYUV to / RGB PASS THROUGH  
Rear panel audio output  
H
/HV  
V
R
/R-Y  
G
/Y  
B
/B-Y  
H
/HV  
V
R
/R-Y  
G
/Y  
B
/B-Y  
RGBS  
input  
RGBHV  
input  
Unbalanced Output  
Balanced Output  
Tip  
See Caution  
Sleeve (s)  
Tip  
See Caution  
Tip  
Ring  
Sleeve (s)  
Tip  
HDYUV to / RGB PASS THROUGH  
HDYUV to / RGB PASS THROUGH  
R
/R-Y  
G
B
V
H
/HV  
R
/R-Y  
G
/Y  
B
/B-Y  
V
H
/HV  
/Y  
/B-Y  
Ring  
RGsB  
input  
HDTV Component (YUV)  
video input  
Connect the sleeve to ground.  
Connecting the sleeve to a negative (-)  
terminal will damage the audio output  
circuits.  
CAUTION  
Input 2: RGB pass-through, RGBcS,YUVi, YUVp  
R
G
B
H
V
V
V
R
G
B
H
V
/R-Y  
/Y  
/B-Y  
/HV  
/R-Y  
/Y  
/B-Y  
/HV  
2 - RGB PASS THROUGH / R-Y, B-Y,Y  
2 - RGB PASS THROUGH / R-Y, B-Y,Y  
Step 5  
RGBS  
input  
RGBHV  
input  
Plug the DVS 406, and input and output devices  
into a grounded AC source, and turn on the input  
and output devices.  
H
R
/R-Y  
G
/Y  
B
/B-Y  
R
/R-Y  
G
/Y  
B
/B-Y  
H
V
/HV  
/HV  
2 - RGB PASS THROUGH / R-Y, B-Y,Y  
2 - RGB PASS THROUGH / R-Y, B-Y,Y  
RGsB  
input  
RGBcS  
input  
Step 6  
Use the LCD menu screens (see the next page) or  
RS-232 programming to configure the scaler. See  
chapter two for installation and operation  
procedures, and see chapter three for  
programming information.  
R
/R-Y  
G
/Y  
B
/B-Y  
H
/HV  
2 - RGB PASS THROUGH / R-Y, B-Y,Y  
Component  
video input  
(R-Y,Y, B-Y)  
Application Example  
Inputs 3 - 5: composite video, S-video  
Y
/VID  
INPUT  
Y
/VID  
H. SHIFT  
BUFFERED LOCAL  
MONITOR OUTPUT  
RGB 109xi  
VGA INTERFACE W/ADSP  
RGB 109xi  
C
C
VCR  
Composite video  
input  
S-video  
input  
Video Camera 2  
DVD Player  
Input 6: SDI (serial digital interface)  
PC Computer  
Attach an SDI source to this BNC  
SDI  
(DVS 406 D and DVS 406 AD models only).  
Codec  
RS-232  
Rear panel audio inputs  
Control  
DVS 406  
100-240V  
50-60Hz  
1
-
RGB PASS THROUGH  
3
4
5
6
INPUTS  
OUTPUT  
L
1
R
L
2
R
L
3
R
L
4
R
L
5
R
L
6
R
L
R
I
N
T
P
U
T
S
600 ohms  
H
Y
Y
Y
R
G
B
V
V
/HV  
/VID  
/VID  
/VID  
RS-232  
RGB  
SDI  
R
G
B
H/HV  
V
O
U
T
Tip  
Ring  
Tip  
Ring  
Tip  
Sleeve  
R
G
B
H
C
C
C
/RY  
/Y  
/B-Y  
/HV  
R-Y, B-Y,Y  
2
-
RGB PASS THROUGH  
/
2A MAX  
Sleeve (s)  
Tip  
Sleeve (s)  
Tip  
Tip  
Ring  
Ring  
Sleeve  
600 ohms  
Balanced Input  
(high impedance)  
Balanced Input  
(600 ohms)  
Unbalanced Input  
(high impedance)  
Inputs 1 - 6: balanced and unbalanced  
Projector  
Video Camera 1  
Plasma Display  
DVS 406 • Quick Start QS-1  
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Quick Start — DVS 406, cont’d  
DVS 406 Menu System  
Default Cycle menu  
2 sec.  
Input #2  
RGB  
Extron  
DVS 406 AD  
Power  
on  
2 sec.  
Main menu  
2 sec.  
2 sec.  
Extron  
DVS 406  
Input #2  
RGB  
Power  
on  
MENU  
3
4
5
6
Input  
Configuration  
Audio  
Configuration  
Advanced  
Configuration  
1
2
MENU  
MENU  
MENU  
Memory  
Presets  
Exit  
Menu  
Output  
Configuration  
MENU  
NEXT  
MENU  
MENU  
1
Input menu  
Extron  
DVS 406  
MENU  
1
Input  
Configuration  
Input Video Type  
#4 Vid #5 Vid  
Input Video Type  
#1 RGB Pass Thru  
Input Video Type  
#2 YUVi #3 Vid  
NEXT  
NEXT  
NEXT  
NEXT  
Input 4 video  
types  
Input 5 video  
types  
Input 2 video types  
Input 1 video types  
Input 3 video  
types  
•
•
RGB pass-through  
RGBcS  
•
RGB pass-through  
•
•
Video (default)  
S-video  
•
•
Video (default)  
S-video  
(default)  
• YUV pass-through  
•
•
Video (default)  
S-video  
• YUVi (default)  
• YUVp  
Output menu  
2
Input  
Configuration  
MENU  
2
Output  
Configuration  
Sync Polarity  
H Neg V Neg  
Resol 640 x 480  
Refresh @ 50  
Output Sync  
RGBHV  
NEXT  
NEXT  
NEXT  
NEXT  
Scaler output rates  
Sync formats  
Polarity combinations  
•
See the table on page 2-12 for available  
combinations of resolutions and refresh  
rates.  
•
•
•
RGBHV (default)  
RGsB  
RGBS  
•
•
H+/V-  
H+/V+  
•
•
H-/V- (default)  
H-/V+  
Default: 640x480, 60 Hz  
NOTE Lock = Accu-RATE Frame Lock™  
QS-2 DVS 406 • Quick Start  
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Audio Configuration menu  
3
Output  
Configuration  
MENU  
3
Audio  
Configuration  
Audio #6 Level  
0.0 dB  
Audio Switch  
Start  
NEXT  
NEXT  
NEXT  
Audio level  
Audio switching effects  
•
•
•
•
Start (default)  
Middle  
End  
•
-15 dB to +9.0 dB in 1 decibel  
increments (-15 dB default)  
NOTE  
Fade  
Memory Presets menu  
4
Audio  
Configuration  
MENU  
4
IN #4 SAVE as  
<N/A> 1  
IN #4 Clear  
Memory  
Presets  
NEXT  
NEXT  
NEXT  
2
3
<N/A> 1  
2
3
Saving (SAVE) memory presets  
Clearing (Clear) memory presets  
•
Save the currently selected input's  
sizing and centering information  
• Clear the currently selected input's  
saved sizing and centering  
information  
•
Up to 3 presets per input can be  
selected < > (N/A is the default) and  
saved.  
•
Up to 3 presets per input can be  
selected < > (N/A is the default)  
and cleared.  
•
Save a preset by pressing the NEXT  
button. This submenu will also advance  
to the Clear submenu.  
•
Clear a preset by pressing the  
NEXT button. This submenu will  
also return to the Memory presets  
menu.  
Advanced Configuration menu  
5
5
Memory  
Presets  
MENU  
Switch mode switches to  
next input:  
• when Take button is  
pressed (default)  
Switch Mode  
<Take> Auto  
Advanced  
Configuration  
Either Adjust knob is used  
• automatically (Auto) when  
input button is pressed  
to adjust the submenus.*  
NEXT  
NEXT  
RGB to video input  
switching effect  
• Cut (default)  
Display blue and sync only  
• On  
Blue Mode  
Effect Type  
Cut  
<Off>  
On  
• Off (default)  
• Dissolve: ranges from 0.2  
to 1.0 seconds in 0.1 sec  
increments  
NEXT  
NEXT  
Set input switching to key  
mode  
• On  
Smooth edges  
• On (default)  
• Off  
Key Mode  
<Off> On  
Edge Smoothing  
Off  
<On>  
• Off (default)  
NEXT  
NEXT  
Top and bottom blanking  
• Top blanking: ranges from  
000 (default) to 127.  
Use  
Enhanced mode  
(gain control)  
• On  
Enhanced Mode  
<Off> On  
Top Blanking Bot  
000 000  
• Bottom (Bot) blanking:  
ranges from 000 (default)  
to 127. Use  
• Off (default)  
NEXT  
NEXT  
PAL film mode  
2:2 Pull Down  
Off <On>  
(2:2 pull down detection)  
• On  
RGB Delay  
0.0 Seconds  
RGB delay time  
(in seconds)  
• 0.0 (default) to 5.0  
seconds in 0.5 second  
increments  
• Off (default)  
NEXT  
NEXT  
To reset the scaler, press  
Take button, then press  
again to confirm  
Press and Hold  
TAKE to Reset  
*Adjust knobs do not affect  
this submenu.  
NEXT  
DVS 406 • Quick Start QS-3  
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Quick Start — DVS 406, cont’d  
Exit menu  
6
2 sec.  
2 sec.  
6
Input #1  
RGB Pass Through  
Extron  
DVS 406  
Audio  
Configuration  
Exit  
Menu  
NEXT  
MENU  
MENU  
MENU  
Memory  
Presets  
Input  
Configuration  
MENU  
MENU  
Advanced  
Output  
Configuration  
Configuration  
MENU  
MENU  
Picture Adjustments menu  
2 sec.  
Extron  
Power  
Input #1  
RGB Pass Through  
on  
DVS 406  
2 sec.  
Input  
selection  
button  
Input #3  
S-Video  
COL/TNT  
Color  
128  
Tint  
114  
10 sec.  
timeout  
NOTE The horizontal Adjust knob and the vertical Adjust knob  
are used to adjust the image settings on the left and  
right sides of the LCD screen, respectively.  
Executive Mode menu  
2 sec.  
2 sec.  
Extron  
DVS 406  
Extron  
DVS 406  
Input #3  
S-Video  
Input #3  
S-Video  
2 sec.  
2 sec.  
Press for  
2 seconds*  
Press for  
2 seconds*  
*Executive mode can be enabled  
or disabled from any menu  
COL/TNT  
CENTER  
COL/TNT  
CENTER  
Executive Mode  
Disabled  
Executive Mode  
Enabled  
10 sec.  
timeout  
10 sec.  
timeout  
QS-4 DVS 406 • Quick Start  
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Table of Contents  
Chapter 1 • Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1-1  
About this Manual ............................................................................................................ 1-2  
About the DVS 406 ........................................................................................................... 1-2  
What is the DVS 406? ....................................................................................................... 1-2  
Controlling the DVS 406 digital video scaler ................................................................ 1-2  
Features and Options ...................................................................................................... 1-3  
Features.............................................................................................................................. 1-3  
Options and accessories ................................................................................................... 1-4  
Chapter 2 • Installation and Operation...................................................................... 2-1  
Mounting the Scaler ........................................................................................................ 2-2  
Tabletop use ...................................................................................................................... 2-2  
Rack mounting.................................................................................................................. 2-2  
Application diagram ........................................................................................................ 2-3  
Rear Panel Features .......................................................................................................... 2-4  
Front Panel Features ........................................................................................................ 2-7  
Input selection buttons .................................................................................................... 2-7  
Take button ....................................................................................................................... 2-7  
Picture adjustment buttons ............................................................................................. 2-7  
LCD menu display and controls ...................................................................................... 2-8  
Optimizing the System................................................................................................... 2-8  
Setting up a DVD source .................................................................................................. 2-8  
Menus, Configuration, and Adjustments............................................................ 2-9  
Moving through menus by using front panel controls ............................................... 2-9  
Menu overview ................................................................................................................. 2-9  
Input Configuration ....................................................................................................... 2-10  
Input Video Type #1 ..........................................................................................................2-11  
Input Video Type #2 and #3 ..............................................................................................2-11  
Input Video Type #4 and #5 ..............................................................................................2-11  
Output Configuration .................................................................................................... 2-11  
Resolution and refresh rates ............................................................................................2-11  
Output sync (RGB format).................................................................................................2-12  
Sync polarity ......................................................................................................................2-12  
Audio Configuration ...................................................................................................... 2-12  
Audio level .........................................................................................................................2-13  
Audio switch ......................................................................................................................2-13  
Memory Presets ............................................................................................................... 2-13  
Save (SAVE) memory presets ...........................................................................................2-14  
Clear memory presets.......................................................................................................2-14  
Recalling a preset ..............................................................................................................2-14  
Advanced Configuration................................................................................................ 2-15  
Effect type .........................................................................................................................2-15  
Edge smoothing ................................................................................................................2-15  
Top and bottom blanking (blanking adjustment)............................................................2-15  
RGB delay (Triple-Action Switching) .................................................................................2-16  
i
DVS 406 • Table of Contents  
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Table of Contents, cont’d  
Switch mode ......................................................................................................................2-16  
Blue mode ..........................................................................................................................2-16  
Key mode...........................................................................................................................2-16  
Enhanced mode .................................................................................................................2-16  
2:2 Pulldown detection (PAL film mode detect) ..............................................................2-17  
Reset ..................................................................................................................................2-17  
Exit Menu ........................................................................................................................ 2-17  
Image Adjustments ........................................................................................................ 2-17  
Color, tint, brightness, contrast, detail, sizing, centering ......................................... 2-17  
Front Panel Security Lockout .................................................................................... 2-18  
IR 901 Infrared Remote Control .............................................................................. 2-19  
Selecting an input .......................................................................................................... 2-19  
Freezing an input ........................................................................................................... 2-19  
Selecting a preset ........................................................................................................... 2-19  
Troubleshooting ............................................................................................................... 2-20  
Operating problems ....................................................................................................... 2-20  
Chapter 3 • Serial Communication................................................................................ 3-1  
RS-232 Programmer’s Guide ........................................................................................ 3-2  
Host-to-scaler communications ....................................................................................... 3-2  
Scaler-initiated messages ................................................................................................... 3-2  
Error responses ................................................................................................................... 3-2  
Using the command/response tables ................................................................................. 3-3  
Command/response table for SIS commands..................................................................... 3-4  
Command/response table for special function SIS commands .......................................... 3-7  
Control Software for Windows ................................................................................. 3-8  
Installing the software ..................................................................................................... 3-8  
Using the control program .............................................................................................. 3-8  
Using the help program................................................................................................... 3-9  
Appendix A • Appendix........................................................................................................ A-1  
Specifications ..................................................................................................................... A-2  
Part Numbers and Accessories ................................................................................. A-4  
Included parts .................................................................................................................. A-4  
Accessories ........................................................................................................................ A-4  
Firmware Upgrade Installation................................................................................. A-5  
Audio Card Installation................................................................................................. A-7  
Serial Digital Interface (SDI) Card Installation ............................................... A-9  
All trademarks mentioned in this manual are the properties of their respective owners.  
68-539-01 Rev. D  
02 05  
ii  
DVS 406 • Table of Contents  
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DVS 406  
Chapter One  
1
Introduction  
About this Manual  
About the DVS 406  
Features and Options  
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Introduction  
About this Manual  
This manual discusses how to install, configure, and operate the Extron DVS 406  
digital video scaler and how to operate the optional IR 901 infrared remote  
control (part #70-152-01).  
Throughout this manual the terms “DVS”, “digital video scaler”, and “scaler”  
are used interchangeably to refer to the same product.  
About the DVS 406  
What is the DVS 406?  
The DVS is a series of high performance digital video scalers that offers seamless  
switching between input 1 and other video inputs. This is accomplished by  
locking the scaled output rate to the horizontal and vertical frequencies of  
input 1. The DVS 406 offers 55 output rates, including HDTV, and provides  
scaling solutions for boardrooms, conference rooms, and home theaters, as well  
as rental and staging applications.  
The scaler comes in four models, two of which offer a serial digital interface (SDI)  
input connector: DVS 406 (no SDI and no audio), DVS 406 A (no SDI but with  
audio), DVS 406 D (SDI and no audio), and DVS 406 AD (SDI and audio).  
The DVS accepts computer video (RGB), component video, S-video, and  
composite video, and each input is separately configurable. Audio versions of  
the scaler accept six line-level, balanced or unbalanced stereo audio inputs.  
To enable superior scaling performance, the DVS 406 features several of Extron’s  
patent-pending technologies, including Dynamic Motion Interpolation™  
(DMI™) technology, and 3:2 and 2:2 pulldown detection. DMI is an advanced  
motion detection and compensation method that enables image enhancement  
with no loss of image fidelity.  
The DVS 406 scales composite video, S-video, and component video up to  
computer-video (RGBHV/RGBS/RGsB), which can be output to two display  
devices via individually buffered BNC and 15-pin HD connectors. The DVS 406  
offers one line level stereo audio output.  
Controlling the DVS 406 digital video scaler  
The DVS 406 can be controlled using one or more of the following methods:  
• The front panel controls.  
• A computer, a touch screen panel, or any other device that can send and  
receive the serial communications through the RS-232 port. Extron’s  
Simple Instruction Set™ (SIS™) is a set of simple keystroke commands that  
can be used with any such devices, and Extron’s control software for  
Windows provides a graphical interface for controlling the scaler from a  
computer.  
• The optional IR 901 remote control, which has most of the front panel controls.  
1-2  
DVS 406 • Introduction  
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Features and Options  
Features  
Six video inputs —  
•
Input 1 — Five BNC connectors on the rear panel accept RGBHV/RGBS/  
RGsB computer video for pass-through, or HDTV YUV video for pass-  
through.  
•
Input 2 — Five BNC connectors on the rear panel accept RGBHV/RGBS/  
RGsB as pass-through computer video, RGBcS, and component video  
(interlaced and progressive).  
•
•
Inputs 3 to 5 — Three pairs of BNC connectors on the rear panel accept  
S-video or composite video signals.  
Input 6 — DVS 406 D and DVS 406 AD are equipped with an SDI  
connector for a serial digital interface signal.  
Buffered video outputs — Five rear-panel BNC connectors and one VGA-type  
15-pin HD connector provide connections for RGB or component video  
(YUV) output. Both outputs (the BNCs and the 15-pin HD connector) are  
active at all times for simultaneous output.  
Six balanced or unbalanced stereo audio inputs — The audio versions of the  
DVS 406 (406 A and 406 AD) are equipped with six rear panel captive  
screw connectors that accept audio inputs. Each input’s audio level level  
can be individually set.  
One balanced or unbalanced stereo audio output — One line level output is  
provided on 3.5 mm, 5-pole captive screw terminals.  
Audio breakaway — Audio and video can be switched separately via RS-232.  
Three ways to control the scaler — The scaler’s front panel, a computer or other  
RS-232 control device, or the optional IR 901 remote control can all be used  
to control the scaler.  
Scaled outputs — The DVS 406 offers 55 different output rates.  
RS-232 configuration — The DVS 406 can be configured by using the Extron  
control software for Windows, or by using a third party control system.  
Triple-Action Switching™ — With this method, a blank screen is displayed  
while the DVS 406 switches between inputs.  
Accu-RATE Frame Lock™ — The Extron Accu-RATE Frame Lock™ (patent  
pending) eliminates artifacts from scaled motion video by eliminating  
frame rate conversion. It locks the output frame rate to the input frame rate  
of the active input. The result is a switching system that eliminates image  
tears and other artifacts from motion video.  
Dynamic Motion Interpolation™ (DMI™) — This video processing technique is  
an advanced motion prediction and compensation method that treats  
motion content and still content with different algorithms to yield high  
fidelity images.  
DVS 406 • Introduction  
1-3  
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Introduction, cont’d  
3:2 pulldown detection for NTSC and 2:2 film detection for PAL video  
sources — These advanced film mode processing features help maximize  
image detail and sharpness for video sources that originated from film.  
When film is converted to NTSC video, the film frame rate has to be  
matched to the video frame rate in a process called 3:2 pulldown. Jaggies  
and other image artifacts can result if conventional deinterlacing  
techniques are used on film-source video. The DVS 406’s advanced film  
mode processing recognizes signals that originated from film. The  
DVS 406 then applies video processing algorithms that optimize the  
conversion of video that was made with the 3:2 pulldown process. This  
results in richly detailed images with sharply defined lines. A similar  
process is used for PAL film-source video.  
Versatile mounting options — The DVS 406 can be rack mounted, or it can be  
placed on a table or other furniture. Rubber feet and rack mounting  
hardware are included.  
Options and accessories  
The DVS 406’s optional equipment includes:  
• IR 901 remote control — Extron’s IR 901 (part #70-152-01) is an infrared  
remote control which replicates all of the front panel controls of the  
DVS 406 except the Menu and Next buttons.  
• SDI input card — Serial digital interface (SDI) input can be added to the  
DVS 406 and 406 A models by the installation of an SDI input card  
(part #70-168-01).  
• Audio I/O card — Audio input/output connectors capability can be added to  
the DVS 406 and 406 D models by installing an audio card  
(part #70-151-01). The captive screw connectors of the audio card supports  
both balanced and unbalanced stereo audio input and output.  
1-4  
DVS 406 • Introduction  
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DVS 406  
Chapter Two  
2
Installation and Operation  
Mounting the Scaler  
Rear Panel Features  
Front Panel Features  
Optimizing the System  
Menus, Configuration, and Adjustments  
Image Adjustments  
Front Panel Lockout  
IR 901 Infrared Remote Control  
Troubleshooting  
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Installation and Operation  
Mounting the Scaler  
Tabletop use  
The DVS 406 series of scalers comes with rack mounting brackets and rubber  
feet. For tabletop use, attach a self-adhesive rubber foot to each corner of the  
bottom of the unit.  
Rack mounting  
For rack mounting, do not install the rubber feet. Attach the provided rack  
mounting brackets to the scaler with machine screws, as shown below, then  
fasten the scaler to the rack using the supplied machine screws.  
T
S
U
J
D
A
6
0
V
R
U
D
O
E
N
L
E
A
M
C
S
E
ID  
V
L
A
IT  
IG  
D
T
X
E
N
S
T
N
E
M
T
S
U
J
D
A
E
R
U
T
CENTER  
C
I
P
SIZE  
DETAIL  
BRT/CONT  
COL/TNT  
6
E
K
A
T
5
4
I
D
S
3
/
O
E
E
ID  
O
ID  
-V  
V
S
2
/
O
E
E
ID  
O
ID  
-V  
V
S
1
/
O
E
O
ID  
E
V
-
ID  
V
V
U
S
/Y  
B
G
R
B
G
R
Rack mounting the DVS 406  
2-2  
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Application diagram  
The diagram below shows an example of a typical DVS 406 application and  
cable connections.  
Plasma  
Display  
Projector  
2
3
2
-
S
R
V
/V  
H
B
G
R
Y
,
Y
-
B
,
Y
-
/R  
B
G
R
O
U
T
6
5
I
D
4
S
3
V
O
E
D  
-
H
H
H
G
U
O
O
R
H
T
RS-232  
Control  
S
B
S
A
P
B
G
G
R
-
1
B
R
R
G
z
I
N
T
P
U
T
S
50-60H  
0V  
00-24  
1
X
MA  
2A  
Extron  
DVS 406  
Video Camera 2  
Codec  
Extron  
RGB 109xi  
DVD  
VCR  
Video Camera 1  
PC  
Application diagram example of the DVS 406  
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Installation and Operation  
Rear Panel Features  
The rear panel of the DVS 406 AD model, as shown below, contains all of the  
possible connectors available on the DVS 406 series of scalers (406/406 A/  
406 D/406 AD).  
9
2
10  
100-240V  
50-60Hz  
HDYUV to / RGB PASS THROUGH  
3
4
5
6
INPUTS  
OUTPUT  
L
1
R
L
2
R
L
3
R
L
4
R
L
5
R
L
6
R
L
R
I
N
P
U
T
S
B
R
G
H
V
Y
Y
Y
/B-Y  
/RY  
/Y  
/HV  
/VID  
/VID  
/VID  
RS-232  
RGB  
R
G
B
H/HV  
V
SDI  
O
U
T
R
G
B
H
/HV  
V
C
C
C
/RY  
/Y  
/B-Y  
2 - RGB PASS THROUGH / R-Y, B-Y,Y  
2A MAX  
3
1
5
7
8
4
6
DVS 406 AD rear panel connectors  
AC power connector — Plug a standard IEC power cord into this  
1
connector to connect the scaler to a 100 to 240 VAC, 50 Hz or 60 Hz power  
source. The front panel control and input selection buttons will light in  
sequence during power-up.  
Video input 1 — This input, consisting of 5 female BNC connectors,  
accepts computer video (RGB) and HDTV component video signals. These  
input signals will be pass-through. Connect cables for the appropriate  
signal type, as shown here.  
2
HDYUV to / RGB PASS THROUGH  
HDYUV to / RGB PASS THROUGH  
V
R
G
B
H
V
R
G
B
H
/R-Y  
/Y  
/B-Y  
/HV  
/R-Y  
/Y  
/B-Y  
/HV  
RGBS  
input  
RGBHV  
input  
HDYUV to / RGB PASS THROUGH  
HDYUV to / RGB PASS THROUGH  
R
/R-Y  
G
/Y  
B
/B-Y  
V
H
/HV  
R
/R-Y  
G
/Y  
B
/B-Y  
V
H
/HV  
RGsB  
input  
HDTV Component (YUV)  
video input  
HDTV component video signals will be output as RGB video.  
Video input 2 — This input, consisting of 5 female BNC connectors,  
accepts computer video (RGB) and component video (interlaced and  
progressive) signals. The RGBHV/RGBS/RGsB input signal will be pass-  
through. Connect cables for the appropriate signal type, as shown here.  
3
H
R
/R-Y  
G
/Y  
B
/B-Y  
H
R
/R-Y  
G
/Y  
B
/B-Y  
H
V
R
/R-Y  
G
/Y  
B
/B-Y  
V
V
/HV  
/HV  
/HV  
2 - RGB PASS THROUGH / R-Y, B-Y,Y  
2 - RGB PASS THROUGH / R-Y, B-Y,Y  
2 - RGB PASS THROUGH / R-Y, B-Y,Y  
RGBS  
input  
RGsB  
input  
RGBHV  
input  
R
/R-Y  
G
/Y  
B
/B-Y  
H
V
R
/R-Y  
G
/Y  
B
/B-Y  
H
V
/HV  
/HV  
2 - RGB PASS THROUGH / R-Y, B-Y,Y  
2 - RGB PASS THROUGH / R-Y, B-Y,Y  
RGBcS  
input  
Component  
video input  
(R-Y,Y, B-Y)  
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Equipment following the SCART interconnection standard may be  
connected using the RGBcS input cabling configuration.  
S-video/Composite video inputs — Connect an S-video or composite video  
signal to the appropriate female BNC connector(s), as shown here.  
4
Y
Y
/VID  
/VID  
C
C
Composite video  
input  
S-video  
input  
SDI (serial digital interface) input connector — Connect an SDI signal to  
5
6
this female BNC connector.  
Only DVS 406 D and DVS 406 AD models have an SDI connector.  
Output 15-pin HD connector — Connect a display device to this female  
VGA-style connector for RGB output.  
Both outputs  
and  
are buffered and can be connected simultaneously to  
6
7
two different displays. The sync format will be the same for both outputs.  
Output BNC connectors — Connect coaxial cables from a display device to  
these BNCs for one RGBHV, RGBS, or RGsB/RsGsBs video output as  
follows:  
7
R
G
B
H/HV  
V
R
G
B
H/HV  
V
R
G
B
H/HV  
V
RGsB (Sync on Green)  
RsGsBs (output only if input is RsGsBs)  
RGBS  
RGBHV  
Both outputs are buffered and can be connected simultaneously to two  
different displays. For RGB inputs, the output signal’s sync format is based  
on the format of the incoming RGB signal. For all other types of inputs, the  
user selects the output sync format. The sync format will be the same for  
both outputs.  
RS-232 port — This connector provides for two-way RS-232  
communication. See chapter three, “Serial Communication”, for  
information on how to install and use the control software and SIS  
commands.  
8
The default protocol is 9600 baud, 1 stop bit, no parity, and no flow control.  
The rear panel RS-232 9-pin D connector has the following pin  
assignments:  
Pin RS-232 function Description  
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
–
Tx  
Rx  
–
Gnd  
–
–
–
No connection  
Transmit data  
Receive data  
No connection  
Signal ground  
No connection  
No connection  
No connection  
IR input  
5
1
9
6
DB9 Pin Locations  
Female  
hardwired IR  
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Audio inputs 1 through 6 — Each input has a 3.5 mm, 5-pole captive screw  
9
connector for balanced or unbalanced stereo audio input. See the following  
wiring diagrams to wire a connector for the appropriate input type and  
impedance level. High impedance is generally over 800 ohms.  
600 ohms  
Tip  
Ring  
Tip  
Ring  
Tip  
Sleeve  
Sleeve (s)  
Tip  
Sleeve (s)  
Tip  
Tip  
Ring  
Ring  
Sleeve  
600 ohms  
Balanced Input  
(high impedance)  
Balanced Input  
(600 ohms)  
Unbalanced Input  
(high impedance)  
Captive screw connector wiring for rear panel audio inputs  
Line level audio output — For unamplified audio output, connect an  
audio device, such as an audio recorder, VCR, or powered speakers, to this  
3.5 mm, 5-pole captive screw connector. Follow the diagram below for  
correct wiring.  
10  
Unbalanced Output  
Balanced Output  
Tip  
See Caution  
Sleeve (s)  
Tip  
See Caution  
Tip  
Ring  
Sleeve (s)  
Tip  
Ring  
Connect the sleeve to ground. Connecting the sleeve to a  
negative (-) terminal will damage the audio output circuits.  
CAUTION  
The gain can be set separately for each input channel so that there is no  
audible difference in level when switching between inputs. See the section  
“Audio Configuration”, in this chapter, for information on adjusting the  
audio output level via LCD menu and front panel controls. See chapter  
three, “Serial Communication”, for information on using the Simple  
Instruction Set (SIS) commands and the Windows-based control program to  
adjust audio levels and to set audio breakaway.  
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Front Panel Features  
The front panel buttons, controls, and LCD of the DVS 406 AD model, as shown  
below, are found on all models of the DVS 406 scaler series. The LEDs above  
each button will light green when the button is pressed.  
MENU  
ADJUST  
PICTURE ADJUSTMENTS  
1
2
3
4
5
6
COL/TNT BRT/CONT DETAIL  
SIZE  
CENTER  
RGB  
RGB/YUV VIDEO/  
VIDEO/  
VIDEO/  
SDI  
TAKE  
NEXT  
S-VIDEO S-VIDEO S-VIDEO  
DVS 406  
DIGITAL VIDEO SCALER  
3
8
2
9
14  
17  
18  
1
4
6
7
10 11  
16  
5
12 13  
15  
DVS 406 AD front panel  
Infrared sensor — This sensor is used to receive infrared (IR) signals from  
the IR-901 remote control. See the “IR 901 Infrared Remote Control” section  
in this chapter.  
1
Input selection buttons  
RGB input button — This button selects the pass-through RGB computer  
video or HDTV component video input.  
2
HDTV component video input will be output as RGB.  
RGB/YUV input button — This button selects the RGB computer video or  
3
6
7
component video input.  
Video/S-video input buttons — These buttons select from the composite or  
S-video inputs.  
4
5
SDI input button (serial digital interface) — This button selects the SDI  
input 6 (available only on DVS 406 AD and DVS 406 D models).  
If the audio module is installed and the SDI card is not installed, input 6  
will be audio-only and the video output will be a black display.  
Take button  
Take button — When this button is enabled through the menu system,  
selecting an input selection button ( thru above) followed by pressing  
8
2
7
the Take button, will cause a switch to the new input to occur. If the Take  
button is not enabled, the switch to a selected input will automatically  
occur when the input button is pressed.  
Picture adjustment buttons  
These buttons have no effect on the pass-through inputs (inputs 1 and 2).  
Color/Tint control button (Col/Tnt) — This button controls the color and  
tint adjustment on the display by using the horizontal Adjust and vertical  
Adjust adjustment knobs. The adjustment range of both color and tint is 0  
to 255. See the “Image adjustments” section in this chapter.  
9
The tint control is only available if the input is composite or S-video.  
Brightness/Contrast control button (Brt/Cont) — This button controls the  
brightness and contrast adjustment on the display by using the horizontal  
Adjust and vertical Adjust adjustment knobs. The adjustment range of both  
brightness and tint is 0 to 255. See the “Image adjustments” section in this  
chapter.  
10  
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Detail control button — This button controls the detail (peaking) to  
11  
compensate for long cable runs, and it also controls the sharpness of the  
display by using the horizontal Adjust and vertical Adjust adjustment  
knobs. The adjustment range of both detail and sharpness is 0 to 63. Detail  
is an analog adjustment, while sharpness is a digital adjustment. See the  
“Image adjustments” section in this chapter.  
Size control button — This button controls the size adjustment on the  
display by using the horizontal Adjust and vertical Adjust adjustment  
knobs. See the “Image adjustments” section in this chapter.  
12  
13  
Center control button — This button controls the centering adjustment on  
the output display by using the horizontal Adjust and vertical Adjust  
adjustment knobs. The adjustment range of both horizontal and vertical  
centering is 0 to +255. See the “Image adjustments” section in this chapter.  
LCD menu display and controls  
LCD — Displays configuration menus and status information. See the  
“Menus, Configuration, and Adjustments” section in this chapter for  
details.  
14  
15  
16  
Menu button — Use this button to enter and move through the main menu  
system in the DVS 406. See the “Menus, Configuration, and Adjustments”  
section in this chapter for details.  
Next button — Use this button to step through the submenus in the  
DVS 406 menu system. See the “Menus, Configuration, and Adjustments”  
section in this chapter for details.  
Horizontal Adjust ( ) knob — In the menu system, rotate this knob to  
17  
18  
scroll through menu options and make adjustments.  
Vertical Adjust ( ) knob — In the menu system, rotate this knob to scroll  
through menu options and make adjustments.  
Optimizing the System  
For optimal performance, follow the steps in this section in order when setting  
up the DVS 406 and its input and output devices.  
Setting up a DVD source  
To get the best results when using a DVD as a video source, Extron recommends  
that the DVD player itself be setup to output an aspect ratio of 16:9 and not 4:3.  
Because all DVDs are mastered as 16:9, having them set up for anything else will  
cause the player to internally scale and compress the signal. This scaling/  
compression by the DVD player will defeat the advantage of having 3:2  
pulldown detection in the DVS 406.  
To change the output aspect ratio of most DVD players,  
1.  
2.  
Enter the DVD player’s Setup or Action menu while the disc is stopped.  
Select a 16:9 aspect ratio.  
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Menus, Configuration, and Adjustments  
Scaler configuration and adjustments can be performed by using the Windows-  
based control program (see chapter 3 for details) or by using the front panel  
controls and the menus that are displayed on the DVS 406’s LCD screen. These  
menus are used primarily when the scaler is first set up.  
Moving through menus by using front panel controls  
Menu button — Press the Menu button to activate menus and to scroll to the six  
main menus.  
Next button — Press the Next button to move between the submenus of a  
selected main menu. Pressing the Next button during input configuration  
causes the current input’s number and format type to be displayed on the  
LCD.  
Adjust (  
,
) knobs — When configuring the DVS 406, rotate the horizontal  
Adjust ( ) knob and vertical Adjust ( ) knob to scroll through submenu  
options and to make adjustment selections. Refer to the flowcharts in this  
chapter and to specific sections for explanations on knob adjustments.  
Image adjustment buttons: Col/Tnt, (color/tint) Brt/Cont (brightness/contrast),  
Detail, Size, and Center — When one of these buttons is pressed, the  
corresponding image adjustment menu appears on the LCD screen.  
Adjustments can then be made by rotating the horizontal Adjust ( ) knob  
or the vertical Adjust ( ) knob. Settings and adjustments are stored in  
nonvolatile memory.  
Menu overview  
The default menus appear on the LCD when no adjustments are actively being  
made. They cycle between the screen showing the name of the scaler (DVS 406/  
406 A/ 406 D/ 406 AD) and the screen that shows the active input’s number and  
video format, as shown below.  
2 sec.  
Input #2  
RGB  
Extron  
DVS 406 AD  
Power  
on  
2 sec.  
Default menus  
From any menu or submenu, after ten seconds of inactivity the DVS 406  
will save all adjustment settings and time-out to the default menus.  
The main menus are as shown in the following flowchart. Use the Menu key to  
scroll between them.  
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Installation and Operation, cont’d  
2 sec.  
Extron  
DVS 406  
Input #2  
RGB  
Power  
on  
2 sec.  
MENU  
Input  
Configuration  
MENU  
Output  
Configuration  
MENU  
Audio  
Configuration  
MENU  
Memory  
Presets  
MENU  
Advanced  
Configuration  
MENU  
Exit  
Menu  
NEXT  
MENU  
Main menus  
Input Configuration  
The following flowchart provides an overview of the Input Configuration  
submenus and the options for each setting.  
Extron  
DVS 406  
MENU  
Input  
Configuration  
Input Video Type  
#4 Vid #5 Vid  
Input Video Type  
#1 RGB Pass Thru  
Input Video Type  
#2 YUVi #3 Vid  
NEXT  
NEXT  
NEXT  
NEXT  
Input 4 video  
types  
Input 5 video  
types  
Input 1 video types  
Input 2 video types  
Input 3 video  
types  
•
RGBp pass-through  
•
RGB pass-through  
•
•
Video (default)  
S-video  
•
RGBcS  
•
•
Video (default)  
S-video  
(default)  
• YUV pass-through  
•
•
Video (default)  
S-video  
• YUVi (default)  
• YUVp  
If you press the Menu button while a submenu is active, the next main menu  
will become active. For example, the menu will change from the Input  
Configuration menu or submenus to the Output Configuration main menu.  
To return to the default screens, let the DVS 406 time-out for 10 seconds, or  
press the Menu button until the Exit Menu menu appears, then press the Next  
button.  
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Input Video Type #1  
Rotate either the horizontal Adjust ( ) knob or vertical Adjust ( ) knob while in  
the Input Video Type #1 submenu to select the appropriate video format (RGB  
pass-through, YUV HDTV pass-through) for input 1. The default is RGB pass-  
through.  
Input Video Type #2 and #3  
Rotate the horizontal Adjust ( ) knob while in the Input Video Type #2 and #3  
submenu to select the appropriate video format (RGB pass-through, RGBcS,  
YUVi, YUVp) for input 2. The default for input 2 is YUVi.  
Rotate the vertical Adjust ( ) knob while in the Input Video Type #2 and #3  
submenu to select the appropriate video format (composite video, S-video) for  
input 3. The default for input 3 is composite video.  
Input Video Type #4 and #5  
Rotate the horizontal Adjust ( ) knob while in the Input Video Type #4 and #5  
submenu to select the appropriate video format (composite video, S-video) for  
input 4. The default for input 4 is composite video.  
Rotate the vertical Adjust ( ) knob while in the Input Video Type #4 and #5  
submenu to select the appropriate video format (composite video, S-video) for  
input 5. The default for input 5 is composite video.  
Output Configuration  
The following flowchart provides an overview of the Output Configuration  
submenus and the options for each setting.  
Extron  
DVS 406  
MENU  
Input  
Configuration  
MENU  
Output  
Configuration  
Sync Polarity  
H Neg V Neg  
Resol 640 x 480  
Refresh @ 50  
Output Sync  
RGBHV  
NEXT  
NEXT  
NEXT  
NEXT  
Scaler output rates  
Sync formats  
Polarity combinations  
•
See the table on the next page for  
available combinations of resolutions  
and refresh rates.  
•
•
•
RGBHV (default)  
RGBS  
RGsB  
•
•
H+/V-  
H+/V+  
•
•
H-/V- (default)  
H-/V+  
Default: 640x480, 60 Hz  
NOTE Lock = Accu-RATE Frame Lock™  
Resolution and refresh rates  
Rotate the horizontal Adjust ( ) knob while in this submenu to select one of the  
available combinations of output resolutions and refresh (vertical scanning)  
rates.  
Rotate the vertical Adjust ( ) knob while in this submenu to select one of the  
available refresh rates. Selecting Lock enables the Extron Accu-RATE Frame  
Lock (AFL) feature. Accu-RATE Frame Lock eliminates image tearing and other  
artifacts of scaling motion video by eliminating frame rate conversion. It exactly  
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Installation and Operation, cont’d  
matches the output rate of the DVS 406’s scaler to the frame rate of input 1. Select  
this feature if you will be using motion video sources with a display that is  
capable of a variety of refresh rates.  
Available Scaler Output Resolutions and Rates  
Resolution  
50 Hz 56 Hz 60 Hz 75 Hz Lock @ 50/60* True 72/100*  
640 x 480  
X
X
X
X
X
X**  
X**  
X**  
X**  
X**  
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
800 x 600  
848 x 480  
852 x 480  
1024 x 768_  
1280 x 768_  
1280 x 1024  
1360 x 765  
1365 x 1024  
1400 x 1050  
HDTV 480p  
HDTV 576p  
HDTV 720p  
HDTV 1080p  
HDTV 1080i  
X**  
X
X
X
X
X**  
X**  
X**  
X**  
X**  
X
X
X
X
X**  
X**  
X**  
X**  
X
Resolution locked to input #1  
* Rate is auto-selected based on input.  
** Default refresh rate  
The default resolution and rate is 640 x 480 @ 60Hz.  
Output Sync (RGB format)  
Using either the horizontal Adjust ( ) or vertical Adjust ( ) knob, select the sync  
format required by the display: RGBHV, RGsB (sync on green), or RGBS  
(composite sync).  
Sync Polarity  
The display or projector may require a particular combination of horizontal (H)  
and vertical (V) sync signal polarities. Select the appropriate combination of  
positive or negative H and V sync by rotating either the horizontal Adjust ( ) or  
vertical Adjust ( ) knob.  
Audio Configuration  
The following flowchart provides an overview of the Audio Configuration  
submenus and the options for each setting.  
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Extron  
DVS 406  
MENU  
Input  
Configuration  
MENU  
Output  
Configuration  
MENU  
Audio  
Configuration  
Audio #6 Level  
0.0 dB  
Audio Switch  
Start  
NEXT  
NEXT  
NEXT  
Audio level  
Audio switching effects  
•
•
•
•
Start (default)  
Middle  
End  
•
-15 dB to +9.0 dB in 1 decibel  
increments (-15 dB default)  
NOTE  
Fade  
Audio Level  
From this submenu, audio levels can be adjusted per input from -15 dB to +9 dB  
in 1 dB increments. This allows the signal to be boosted or trimmed to a  
consistent output level so that there is no noticeable difference in level when  
switching between inputs.  
Using either the horizontal Adjust ( ) or vertical Adjust ( ) knob, select the  
proper level of audio for the given input.  
Audio Switch  
When the video input signal is being switched, there are four methods for  
switching the audio:  
• Start — switches to the next audio input at the beginning of the next video  
input.  
• Middle — switches to the next audio input halfway into the next video input.  
• End — switches to the next audio input at the end of the next video input.  
• Fade — gradually mutes the current audio halfway between the switch to the  
new video input , then gradually increases the next audio input from mute.  
Use either the horizontal Adjust ( ) or vertical Adjust ( ) knob to select the  
desired audio switching effect.  
Memory Presets  
The following flowchart provides an overview of the Memory Presets submenus  
and the options for each setting.  
The presets will only save the Sizing and Centering information, and not  
for the pass-through inputs, i.e. input 1 and RGBp from input 2.  
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Installation and Operation, cont’d  
Extron  
DVS 406  
MENU  
Input  
Configuration  
MENU  
Output  
Configuration  
MENU  
Audio  
Configuration  
MENU  
IN #4 SAVE as  
<N/A> 1  
IN #4 Clear  
<N/A> 1  
Memory  
Presets  
NEXT  
NEXT  
NEXT  
2
3
2
3
Saving (SAVE) memory presets  
Clearing (Clear) memory presets  
•
Save the currently selected input's  
sizing and centering information  
• Clear the currently selected input's saved  
sizing and centering information  
•
Up to 3 presets per input can be  
selected < > (N/A is the default) and  
saved.  
•
Up to 3 presets per input can be selected  
< > (N/A is the default) and cleared.  
•
Clear a preset by pressing the NEXT  
button. This submenu will also return to  
the Memory preset menu.  
•
Save a preset by pressing the NEXT  
button. This submenu will also  
advance to the Clear submenu.  
Save (SAVE) memory presets  
From this submenu, the sizing and centering information for the currently  
selected input can be saved to memory. Up to three memory presets can be saved  
per input: presets 1, 2, and 3.  
Using either the horizontal Adjust ( ) or vertical Adjust ( ) knob, select (< >)  
either N/A, 1, 2, or 3 to select a preset. The default is <N/A>. To save the preset,  
press the NEXT button.  
Clear memory presets  
From this submenu, up to three saved presets for the currently selected input can  
be cleared from memory.  
Using either the horizontal Adjust ( ) or vertical Adjust ( ) knob, select (< >)  
either N/A, 1, 2, or 3 to select a preset. The default is <N/A>. To clear the preset,  
press the NEXT button.  
Recalling a preset  
Recalling an input’s saved preset requires that the input be selected and that the  
input button be then pressed successively to recall any saved preset (up to three  
saved presets). The available presets are sequentially selected in a loop*: preset  
1, preset 2, preset 3, preset 1, preset 2, and so forth, depending on which presets  
are available.  
Each saved preset will display the LCD message “Input #X Memory Y” where  
“X” refers to the input (2 to 6) and “Y” refers to the preset (1 to 3). The absence of  
any saved presets will not display the LCD message for the missing preset.  
* The actual presets will depend on what presets (1, 2, or 3) have been saved for  
an input. For example, if only presets 1 and 3 are available, the sequential  
looping of the presets as the input button is repeatedly pressed, will be: preset 1,  
preset 3, preset 1, preset 3, and so forth.  
2-14  
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Advanced Configuration  
The following flowchart provides an overview of the Advanced Configuration  
submenus and the options for each setting.  
Switch mode switches to  
next input:  
• when Take button is  
pressed (default)  
Switch Mode  
<Take> Auto  
Advanced  
Configuration  
Extron  
DVS 406  
Either Adjust knob is used  
to adjust the submenus.*  
• automatically (Auto) when  
input button is pressed  
NEXT  
NEXT  
MENU  
RGB to video input  
switching effect  
• Cut (default)  
Display blue and sync only  
• On  
Blue Mode  
Effect Type  
Cut  
Input  
Configuration  
<Off>  
On  
• Off (default)  
• Dissolve: ranges from 0.2  
to 1.0 seconds in 0.1 sec  
increments  
NEXT  
NEXT  
MENU  
Set input switching to key  
mode  
• On  
Smooth edges  
• On (default)  
• Off  
Key Mode  
<Off> On  
Edge Smoothing  
Output  
Configuration  
Off  
<On>  
• Off (default)  
NEXT  
NEXT  
MENU  
Top and bottom blanking  
• Top blanking: ranges from  
000 (default) to 127.  
Use  
Enhanced mode  
(gain control)  
• On  
Enhanced Mode  
<Off> On  
Top Blanking Bot  
000 000  
Audio  
Configuration  
• Bottom (Bot) blanking:  
ranges from 000 (default)  
to 127. Use  
• Off (default)  
NEXT  
MENU  
NEXT  
PAL film mode  
2:2 Pull Down  
Off <On>  
(2:2 pull down detection)  
• On  
Memory  
Presets  
RGB Delay  
0.0 Seconds  
RGB delay time  
(in seconds)  
• 0.0 (default) to 5.0  
seconds in 0.5 second  
increments  
• Off (default)  
NEXT  
MENU  
NEXT  
To reset the scaler, press  
Take button, then press  
again to confirm  
Press and Hold  
TAKE to Reset  
*Adjust knobs do not affect  
this submenu.  
NEXT  
Effect type  
From this submenu, the RGB to video input switching effect is selected. The two  
effects are cut and dissolve. A cut instantaneously switches from one input to  
another. A dissolve causes one input to fade out while fading in another selected  
input. The dissolve effect duration is adjustable. For these effects to occur, the  
initial input must be on input 1 with the output resolution locked to input 1  
(“Resol Lock to #1”). See the “Output Configuration” section in this chapter for  
instructions on locking the resolution.  
Using either the horizontal Adjust ( ) or vertical Adjust ( ) knob, select either  
cut or dissolve. The default is cut. The dissolve effect has a switch transition  
period which is adjustable from 0.2 seconds to 1.0 seconds in 0.1 second  
increments. Attempting to adjust the period below 0.2 seconds will return to the  
cut effect. Pressing the Take button after selecting a second input will initiate the  
switching effect between input 1 and the selected input.  
Edge smoothing  
This submenu features edge smoothing. Edge smoothing smooths edges of a  
picture by minimizing the differences between pixels.  
Using either the horizontal Adjust ( ) or vertical Adjust ( ) knob, select either  
“On” or “Off”. The default is “On”.  
Top and bottom blanking (blanking adjustment)  
To remove noise or extraneous material such as closed captioning by removing  
scan lines at either the top or bottom of the screen, adjust the top blanking or  
bottom blanking. Rotate the horizontal Adjust ( ) knob to set the number of  
lines removed from top of the picture. Rotate the vertical Adjust ( ) knob to set  
the number of lines removed from the bottom.  
Both the top and bottom blanking adjustments range from 0 to 127, with the  
default setting being set to 0 for either adjustment.  
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Installation and Operation, cont’d  
RGB delay (Triple-Action Switching)  
With Triple-Action Switching, the DVS 406 switches to the new sync signal  
before switching RGB (video) signals. That allows the display device to adjust to  
the new sync timing after a brief delay (during which the display is blanked)  
before displaying the new picture, which will appear without glitches. Triple-  
Action Switching is also known as video mute switching.  
Use the horizontal Adjust ( ) knob or vertical Adjust ( ) knob to select the  
blanking period (RGB delay time) from 0 seconds (default) to 5 seconds in 0.5  
second steps.  
Switch mode  
From this submenu, the input switching method may be selected. The two  
choices are Take (default), which requires the Take button to be pressed to initiate  
the switch, and Auto, which causes the switch to occur as soon as the selected  
input button is pressed.  
Use either the horizontal Adjust ( ) or vertical Adjust ( ) knob to specify the  
switch mode.  
Blue mode  
To aid in setup of the scaler’s color and tint, the Blue mode can be set from this  
submenu to “On” so that only sync and blue video signals will be passed to the  
display. Use either the horizontal Adjust ( ) or vertical Adjust ( ) knob to  
specify this mode. The default is “Off”.  
Key mode  
Key mode allows input 1 to be displayed simultaneously with any other selected  
input. The effect resembles two images being displayed in a one-over-the-other  
fashion.  
From this submenu, use either the horizontal Adjust ( ) or vertical Adjust ( )  
knob to specify this mode as “On” or “Off”. The default is “Off”. Key mode  
allows two inputs to be displayed simultaneously, one over the other.  
After setting the Key mode to “On”, initiate the Key mode effect by doing the  
following:  
1.  
Select the input button of the image which will displayed with input 1, then  
set the output resolution as locked to input 1. See the “Output  
Configuration” section in this chapter for instructions on locking the  
resolution.  
2.  
Select the Take button.  
The previously described Switch mode must be set to Take in order for the  
Take button to be enabled.  
3.  
4.  
Select the input 1 button twice. The Key mode effect will now occur.  
To escape from the Key mode effect, press any input button.  
Enhanced mode  
When the Enhanced mode is set “On”, automatic gain control of the video input  
signal is enabled. If the input signal level is too weak, the signal gain will be  
increased, and if the input signal level is excessive, the signal gain will be  
decreased.  
From this submenu, use either the horizontal Adjust ( ) or vertical Adjust ( )  
knob to specify this mode as “On” or “Off”. The default is “Off”.  
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The Enhanced mode will only be effective on composite and S-video input  
signals.  
2:2 Pulldown detection (PAL film mode detect)  
For the currently selected input, set this feature “On” if the source is PAL video  
that originated in film. For standard PAL video sources, such as cameras, set this  
feature to “Off” (default).  
This feature does not apply to NTSC video sources since film mode (3:2  
pulldown) is automatically detected for those signals.  
Use either the horizontal Adjust ( ) or vertical Adjust ( ) knob to specify this  
mode.  
Reset  
The scaler can be reset to the default values by depressing and holding the Take  
button from this submenu. Release the button after receiving the “Press TAKE to  
Confirm Reset” message (about 2 seconds), then press Take again to reset the  
scaler. The message “Unit Reset to Factory Defaults” will then be displayed.  
Exit Menu  
From this submenu, press the Next button to return to the Default menu cycle, or  
press the Menu button to return to the Input Configuration menu.  
2 sec.  
Extron  
DVS 406  
Input #1  
RGB Pass Through  
Audio  
Configuration  
Exit  
Menu  
NEXT  
2 sec.  
MENU  
MENU  
MENU  
Memory  
Presets  
Input  
Configuration  
MENU  
MENU  
Advanced  
Output  
Configuration  
Configuration  
MENU  
MENU  
Image Adjustments  
Image adjustments apply to scaled video output only; RGB signals are passed  
through without adjustments. Sizing and centering image adjustments can be  
stored in memory as a preset (see the “Memory Presets” section in this chapter)  
and can be set separately for each input.  
Color, tint, brightness, contrast, detail, sizing, centering  
To adjust an image for color, tint, brightness, contrast, detail, sizing, or centering  
follow the steps below. An example of making color adjustments, shown in the  
following flowchart, demonstrates the process, which is the same for all the  
image adjustments.  
1.  
2.  
Press the input selection button of the input you wish to adjust.  
Press the appropriate image adjustment button (Color/Tint, Brightness/  
Contrast, Detail/Sharpness, Sizing, and Centering). The LCD display will  
show the name of the adjustment and the number of the current setting.  
3.  
Rotate the horizontal Adjust knob ( ) or vertical Adjust knob ( ) to select a  
level from the following adjustment ranges:  
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Installation and Operation, cont’d  
The Adjust knobs have no mechanical limits to their rotation.  
Color and Tint (Col/Tnt): 0 to 255  
•
•
•
•
•
Brightness and Contrast (Brt/Cont): 0 to 255  
Detail and Sharpness (Det): 0 to 63  
Sizing (Size)*  
Centering (Center): -128 to 127  
2 sec.  
2 sec.  
Extron  
DVS 406  
Input #1  
RGB Pass Through  
The scaler will time-out to the  
default menu after 10 seconds.  
Power  
on  
Input  
selection  
button  
* Rotating the Adjust knobs  
counterclockwise will increase  
the horizontal or vertical sizing,  
and rotating the knobs clockwise  
will decrease the horizontal and  
vertical sizing. The visual  
indicator on the LCD will stop  
moving when the sizing limit  
has been reached.  
Input #3  
S-Video  
COL/TNT  
Color  
128  
Tint  
114  
10 sec.  
4.  
Repeat steps 2 and 3 for each  
image adjustment to be made for  
that input.  
timeout  
NOTE The horizontal Adjust knob and the vertical Adjust knob  
are used to adjust the image settings on the left and  
right sides of the LCD screen, respectively.  
The LCD display may show that an adjustment is “Not Available” in place  
of a number if that adjustment doesn’t apply to the input’s video format.  
For example, the image adjustments do not apply to RGB pass-through  
inputs, so “Not Available” will be displayed if the Tint button is pressed  
when an RGB pass-through input is selected.  
Front Panel Security Lockout  
To prevent accidental changes to settings, press the Col/Tnt and Center buttons  
simultaneously for 2 seconds to lock the DVS 406’s front panel. The lock mode  
locks all front panel functions except input selection and the Take button. The  
menu system will still return to the Default menu when 10 seconds have elapsed  
after pressing any button other than input selection or the take button. The  
DVS 406’s front panel and the IR 901 are both affected by the lock mode. When  
the lock mode is active, all functions and adjustments can still be made through  
RS-232 control. For details on RS-232 control, see chapter three.  
To disable the lock mode, press the Col/Tnt and Center buttons simultaneously  
for 2 seconds.  
2 sec.  
2 sec.  
2 sec.  
2 sec.  
Extron  
DVS 406  
Extron  
DVS 406  
Input #3  
S-Video  
Input #3  
S-Video  
Press for  
2 seconds*  
Press for  
2 seconds*  
*Executive mode can be enabled  
or disabled from any menu  
COL/TNT  
CENTER  
COL/TNT  
CENTER  
Executive Mode  
Disabled  
Executive Mode  
Enabled  
10 sec.  
timeout  
10 sec.  
timeout  
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IR 901 Infrared Remote Control  
The optional IR 901, shown at right, replicates all  
of the front panel controls except the Menu and  
Next buttons. Unless front panel lock mode is  
enabled, adjustments can be made from the IR 901,  
but you must use the DVS 406’s front panel or the  
Windows-based control program (via an RS-232  
device) to configure and program the scaler. See  
chapter three, “Serial Communication”, for details.  
The topmost part of the IR 901 features three  
Aspect Ratio Preset buttons, a Freeze button, the  
six input selection buttons, and the Take button.  
The middle portion of the IR 901 features the size  
and centering buttons. The bottom part contains  
the adjustment controls for color, tint, brightness,  
contrast, detail, and sharpness adjustments. The  
adjustment functions will be disabled if the front  
panel lock mode is on.  
Selecting an input  
To use the IR 901 to select an input, press the input  
number. When selecting a subsequent input, select  
the input, then press the Take key. For example, if  
input 1 is currently selected, but input 2 is desired,  
press the input 2 button, then press Take. The  
DVS 406 will switch to input 2.  
Freezing an input  
To freeze the input being displayed, press the  
Freeze On/Off key. To unfreeze the input, press  
the Freeze key again.  
Selecting a preset  
Any saved memory presets for an input (up to three) may be recalled by pressing  
one of the three Aspect Ratio Preset buttons. Sizing and centering information  
are saved with the presets. See “Memory Presets” previously mentioned in this  
chapter.  
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Installation and Operation, cont’d  
Troubleshooting  
This section gives recommendations on what to do if you have problems  
operating the DVS 406, and it provides examples and descriptions for some  
image problems you might encounter.  
The following are some tips to help you in troubleshooting.  
1.  
Some symptoms may resemble others, so you may want to look through all  
of the examples before attempting to solve the problem.  
2.  
3.  
Be prepared to backtrack in case the action taken doesn’t solve the problem.  
It may help to keep notes and sketches in case the troubleshooting process  
gets lengthy. This will also give you something to discuss if you call for  
technical support.  
4.  
5.  
Try simplifying the system by eliminating components that may have  
introduced the problem or made it more complicated.  
For sync-related problems: Portable digital projectors are designed to  
operate close to the video source. Sync problems may result from using  
long cables or from improper termination. A sync adapter, such as Extron’s  
ASTA (active sync termination adapter), may help solve these problems.  
6.  
For LCD and DLP projectors and plasma displays: In addition to the sync-  
related information above, check the user’s manual that came with the  
projector for troubleshooting tips, as well as for settings and adjustments.  
Each manufacturer may have its own terms, so look for terms like “auto  
setup”, “auto sync”, “pixel phase”, and “tracking”.  
Operating Problems  
The table below shows some common operating problems and their solutions.  
Problem  
Cause  
Solution  
No image appears.  
The input signal is  
incompatible.  
Attach an input device that is  
compatible with NTSC 3.58,  
NTSC 4.43, PAL, or SECAM.  
Freeze mode was  
entered when the  
image was black.  
Deactivate freeze mode  
The scaled output  
rate is too high for  
the display.  
Change the scaled output to a  
compatible resolution.  
The image is frozen.  
Freeze mode is on.  
Deactivate freeze mode.  
If that does not work, unplug the  
power cord from the scaler, then  
plug it back in.  
The image is flashing. The scaled output  
rate is too high for  
Change the scaled output to a  
compatible resolution.  
the display.  
Inputs cannot be  
switched using the  
Take button  
Switch mode is  
set to Auto.  
Set Switch mode to Take.  
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Problem  
Cause  
Solution  
Picture controls are  
not active.  
Input 1 is selected.  
Switch to input 2–6. Input 1 is  
pass-through only.  
The image is green.  
The output sync  
is configured for  
sync on green.  
Turn off sync on green.  
The image is too soft.  
The detail/sharp-  
ness level needs to  
be changed.  
Change the detail/sharpness.  
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Installation and Operation, cont’d  
2-22  
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DVS 406  
Chapter Three  
3
Serial Communication  
RS-232 Programmer’s Guide  
Control Software for Windows  
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Serial Communication  
The DVS 406 can be remotely controlled via a host computer or other device  
(such as a control system) attached to the rear panel RS-232 connector. The  
control device (host) can use either Extron’s Simple Instruction Set (SIS)  
commands or the graphical control program for Windows.  
The scaler uses a protocol of 9600 baud, 1 stop bit, no parity, and no flow control.  
The rear panel RS-232 9-pin D connector has the following pin assignments:  
Pin RS-232 function Description  
5
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
–
Tx  
Rx  
–
Gnd  
–
–
–
No connection  
Transmit data  
Receive data  
No connection  
Signal ground  
No connection  
No connection  
No connection  
IR input  
9
6
DB9 Pin Locations  
Female  
hardwired IR  
RS-232 Programmer’s Guide  
Host-to-scaler communications  
SIS commands consist of one or more characters per field. No special characters  
are required to begin or end a command sequence. When the DVS 406  
determines that a command is valid, it executes the command and sends a  
response to the host device. All responses from the scaler to the host end with a  
carriage return and a line feed (CR/LF = ), which signals the end of the  
response character string. A string is one or more characters.  
It is also possible to send several SIS commands back-to-back in sequence.  
Scaler-initiated messages  
When a local event such as a front panel selection or adjustment takes place, the  
DVS 406 scaler responds by sending a message to the host. No response is  
required from the host. The scaler-initiated messages are listed here  
(underlined).  
(C) Copyright 2002, Extron Electronics, DVS 406, Vx.xx  
The DVS 406 sends the copyright message when it first powers on. Vx.xx is the  
firmware version number.  
Error responses  
When the scaler receives a valid SIS command, it executes the command and  
sends a response to the host device. If the DVS 406 is unable to execute the  
command because the command is invalid or it contains invalid parameters, it  
returns an error response to the host.  
The error response codes and their descriptions are as follows:  
E01 – Invalid input channel number (the number is too large)  
E10 – Invalid command  
E11 – Invalid preset number  
E13 – Invalid value (the number is out of range/too large).  
E17 – Illegal command for this signal type.  
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Using the command/response tables  
The command/response tables on the next page list valid command ASCII codes,  
the scaler’s responses to the host, and a description of the command’s function  
or the results of executing the command. Except when setting audio gain/  
attenuation, detail, and sharpness, upper and lower case characters may be used  
interchangeably in the command field.  
The ASCII to HEX conversion table at left is for use with the  
command/response tables.  
ASCII to HEX Conversion Table  
•
ASCII to Hex conversion table  
The command/response tables use symbols (defined below) to represent variables.  
Symbol definitions  
=
=
=
=
CR/LF (carriage return/line feed) (hex 0D 0A)  
=
Detected input signal standard (0 through 4)  
X12  
0 = none  
1 = NTSC 3.58  
2 = PAL  
3 = NTSC 4.43  
•
Space  
Escape key  
Esc  
X1  
Specific input number (1 through 6)  
1 = input 1, 2 = input 2, and so forth  
4 = SECAM  
– = not applicable (occurs when the input is  
set for RGB, YUV, or progressive YUV)  
X2  
X4  
=
=
0 = off, 1 = on  
Video signal type (1 through 8)  
1 = RGB pass-through  
2 = YUV pass-through  
3 = RGBcS  
=
=
Detail level (0 through 63)  
X13  
X16  
Executive mode status (0 through 2)  
0 = disabled (executive mode off, normal mode  
on)  
4 = YUVi, interlaced  
5 = YUVp, progressive  
6 = composite video  
7 = S-video  
1 = enabled, image adjustments are locked  
=
=
=
=
Blanking adjustment range (0 through 127 lines)  
Sharpness level (0 through 63)  
X17  
X18  
X19  
X20  
8 = SDI (serial digital interface)  
X6  
X7  
X8  
=
=
=
Audio gain (0 through 9) in 1 dB steps  
Input configuration preset (1 through 3)  
Audio attenuation (1 through 15) in 1 dB steps  
Scaler refresh rate  
1
2
3
4
5
= 50 Hz  
= 56 Hz (1280x768 only)  
= 60 Hz  
= 75 Hz  
= AFL* (50 Hz for PAL or 59.94 Hz for  
NTSC)  
= True rate (72 Hz for NTSC or 100 Hz for  
PAL)  
Controller firmware version (listed to  
two decimal places e.g.: x.xx)  
=
=
=
Numeric value (-15 through +9) in dB  
Picture adjustment range (0 through 255)  
Scaler resolution  
X9  
X10  
X11  
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
= 640x480  
= 800x600  
= 848x480  
= 852x480  
= 1024x768  
= 1280x768  
= 1280x1024  
= 1360x765  
9
= 1365x1024  
10 = 1400x1050  
11 = 480p  
12 = 576p  
13 = 720p  
14 = 1080p  
15 = 1080i  
16 = Lock to input 1*  
= not applicable  
*
Lock or AFL is Accu-RATE Frame Lock™  
DVS 406 • Serial Communication  
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Serial Communication, cont’d  
Command/response table for SIS commands  
Command  
ASCII Command Response  
Additional description  
(host to scaler)  
(scaler to host)  
Input selection  
Select both video and audio  
Example:  
X1  
X1  
X1  
!
Cxx  
Video & audio input  
.
3!  
Cxx3  
Example: select input 3 video & audio  
X1  
X1  
X1  
Select audio only  
Select video only  
$
&
Axx  
Vxx  
Audio input  
Video input  
.
X1  
X1  
X1  
.
Take  
Switch to selected audio & video  
inputs  
%
Tke0  
Switch to selected audio & video  
inputs.  
Switch to selected video only  
Switch to selected audio only  
1%  
2%  
Tke1  
Tke2  
Switch to selected video input.  
Switch to selected audio input.  
Memory preset  
X19  
X19  
X19  
Recall input configuration preset  
Save input configuration preset  
.
,
Rpre  
Spre  
Recall input preset  
Save to input preset  
.
X19  
X19  
X19  
.
Audio gain/attenuation  
Set audio gain  
X6  
X9  
G
Aud=  
Set a single input’s gain (in dB).  
Example: set gain to +9 dB.  
Example:  
9G  
Aud=+9.0  
X7  
X9  
Set audio attenuation  
Example:  
g
Aud=  
Set an input’s attenuation (in dB).  
Example: set attenuation to -8 dB.  
Show an input’s audio level.  
8g  
G
Aud=-8.0  
X9  
View audio channel level  
Aud=  
Audio mute  
Mute on  
X2  
1Z  
1Z  
0Z  
Z
Amt  
Mute both audio outputs.  
Example:  
Amt1  
X2  
Mute off  
View audio mute status  
Amt  
Amt  
Unmute all audio outputs.  
Show the status of audio mute.  
X2  
Video mute  
Mute on  
X2  
1B  
1B  
0B  
B
Vmt  
Mute video output.  
Example:  
Vmt1  
X2  
Mute off  
View video mute status  
Vmt  
Vmt  
Unmute video output.  
Show the status of video mute.  
X2  
Video/audio mute  
Mute on  
X2  
X2  
1B1Z  
1B1Z  
0B0Z  
BZ  
Vmt  
Amt  
Mute video & audio output.  
Example:  
Vmt1 Amt1  
X2  
X2  
X2  
Mute off  
View video/audio mute status  
Vmt  
Vmt  
Amt  
Amt  
Unmute video & audio output.  
Show video/audio mute status.  
X2  
Video configuration  
X1 X4  
X1  
X4  
X4  
Set video signal type  
*
\
Typ  
Set the input signal type. (Type =  
RGB, YUV, RGBcS, YUVi, YUVp, video,  
S-video, or SDI)  
Example:  
2*4\  
2Typ4  
X1  
Example: set input 2 to 4 (YUVi).  
Show the video signal type.  
Example: show input 5 video type.  
X1  
View the video signal type  
Example:  
\
Typ  
5\  
5Typ1  
Color  
X10  
X10  
Set a specific color value  
Example:  
C
Col  
Specify a color adjustment level.  
Example: set the color adjustment to 47.  
Increase color adjustment level.  
47C  
+C  
Col047  
X10  
Increment  
Col  
3-4  
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Command/response table for SIS commands (continued)  
Command  
ASCII Command Response  
Additional description  
(host to scaler)  
(scaler to host)  
X10  
Decrement  
-C  
Col  
Decrease color adjustment  
level.  
X10  
View the color value  
C
Col  
Show the color adjustment.  
Tint  
X10  
X10  
Set a specific tint value  
Example:  
T
Tin  
Specify a tint adjustment level.  
Example: set the tint to 176.  
Increase tint adjustment level.  
Decrease tint adjustment level.  
Show the tint adjustment.  
176T  
+T  
-T  
Tin176  
X10  
Increment  
Decrement  
View the tint value  
Tin  
Tin  
Tin  
X10  
X10  
T
Contrast  
X10  
X10  
Set a specific contrast value  
^
Con  
Specify the contrast  
adjustment.  
X10  
Increment  
Decrement  
View the contrast value  
+^  
-^  
^
Con  
Con  
Con  
Increase the contrast.  
Decrease the contrast.  
Show the contrast setting.  
X10  
X10  
Brightness  
X10  
X10  
Set a specific value  
Y
Brt  
Specify the brightness  
adjustment.  
X10  
Increment  
Decrement  
View the brightness value  
+Y  
-Y  
Y
Brt  
Brt  
Brt  
Increase the brightness.  
Decrease the brightness.  
Show the brightness setting.  
X10  
X10  
Detail mode  
X13  
X13  
Set the detail level  
View the detail value  
D
Det  
Det  
Specify the detail level.  
Show the detail setting.  
X13  
D
Sharpness mode  
X18  
X18  
Set the sharpness level  
View the sharpness value  
d
Shp  
Shp  
Specify the sharpness level.  
Show the sharpness setting.  
X18  
d
Horizontal shift  
Set horizontal position  
Increment  
Decrement  
View the horizontal pos. value  
X10  
X10  
H
Hph  
Hph  
Hph  
Hph  
Specify the horizontal position.  
Shift right.  
Shift left.  
X10  
+H  
-H  
H
X10  
X10  
Show the horizontal position.  
Vertical shift  
X10  
X10  
Set the vertical position  
Increment up  
Increment down  
/
Vph  
Vph  
Vph  
Vph  
Specify the vertical position.  
Shift up.  
Shift down.  
X10  
+/  
-/  
/
X10  
X10  
View the vertical pos. value  
Show the vertical position.  
Horizontal size  
Increase the horizontal size  
Decrease the horizontal size  
+:  
-:  
Hsz +  
Hsz -  
Widen the picture.  
Make the picture narrower.  
Vertical size  
Increase the vertical size  
Decrease the vertical size  
+;  
-;  
Vsz +  
Vsz -  
Make the picture taller.  
Make the picture shorter.  
(Continued)  
DVS 406 • Serial Communication  
3-5  
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Serial Communication, cont’d  
Command/response table for SIS commands (continued)  
Command  
ASCII Command Response  
Additional description  
(host to scaler)  
(scaler to host)  
Top blanking  
X17  
X17  
Specify a top blanking value  
(
Blt  
Set the number of lines to  
blank at the top of the picture.  
X17  
Increase the top blanking value  
Decrease the top blanking value  
View the top blanking value  
+(  
-(  
(
Blt  
Blt  
Blt  
Increase the # of top lines blanked.  
Decrease the # of top lines blanked.  
Show the number of lines that  
are blanked at the top of the  
picture.  
X17  
X17  
Bottom blanking  
X17  
X17  
Specify a bottom blanking value  
)
Blb  
Set the number of lines to  
blank at the bottom of the  
picture.  
X17  
Increase the bottom blanking value +)  
Blb  
Increase the number of lines  
blanked at the bottom.  
X17  
Decrease bottom blanking value  
View the bottom blanking value  
-)  
)
Blb  
Decrease the number of  
bottom lines blanked.  
Show the # of bottom lines that  
are blanked.  
X17  
Blb  
Scaler rate  
X11  
X20  
X11  
X11  
X20  
X20  
Set the output rate  
*
=
Rte  
Rte  
*
*
Select a scaler output scan  
rate.  
Show the scaler output rate.  
View the output rate  
=
Freeze  
Enable  
1F  
Frz1  
Output a “frozen” video  
image.  
Disable  
View the freeze status  
Example:  
0F  
F
F
Frz0  
Frz  
Frz0  
Turn off freeze (output motion).  
Show the freeze status.  
X2  
Front panel security lockout  
Disable  
0X  
1X  
Exe0  
Exe1  
Adjustments & selections can  
be made from the front panel.  
Lock front panel adjustments;  
adjust image via RS-232 only.  
Enable (lock image adjustments)  
X16  
View the executive mode status  
X
X
Exe  
Show executive mode status.  
Example:  
Exe0  
Firmware version, part number & information requests  
X8  
Query firmware version number  
Q
Ver  
Show the controller firmware  
version.  
Request part number  
Request general info.  
N
I
N60-363-0_  
Show the scaler’s part #.  
Show the scaler’s status.  
(See below)  
X1  
X1  
X1  
X1  
X4  
X12  
X2  
X19  
Vid •Vxx •Aud •Axx •Typ •Std  
•Key •Pre  
where Vid is the current input and Vxx is the new input  
Zap (reset to default settings)  
Zap audio levels to 0dB  
Zap image adjustments/controls  
Esc  
Esc  
zA  
zI  
ZapA  
ZapI  
Reset all audio levels to 0dB.  
Reset the image adjustments  
to factory settings.  
Esc  
Zap all DVS 406 settings/memories  
zXXX  
ZapXXX  
Reset everything: all settings,  
and adjustments to the factory  
default.  
3-6  
DVS 406 • Serial Communication  
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X?  
X!  
X?  
X!  
The syntax for setting a special function is  
*
# where  
is the function number and  
is the  
X?  
X?  
value. To view a function’s setting, use  
# where  
is the function number. In the following table the  
X?  
values of the  
variable are different for each command/function. These values are given in the  
rightmost column.  
Command/response table for special function SIS commands  
X!  
Command  
ASCII Command Response  
values  
(host to scaler)  
(scaler to host)  
and additional descriptions  
Delay times  
X!  
X!  
RGB delay (Triple-Action Switching)  
3 *  
#
RGB  
0 = 0.0 seconds (default), 1 =  
0.5 seconds, 2 = 1.0 seconds,  
... in ½ second steps up to  
10 = 5.0 seconds  
Example:  
3*7#  
RGB07  
Example: 3.5 second RGB delay  
Input switch effects  
X!  
X!  
Switching effect  
4 *  
#
Eff  
0 = cut,  
1 = key,  
2 = dissolve, 0.2 seconds,  
3 = dissolve, 0.3 seconds,  
... in 0.1 second steps up to  
10 = dissolve, 1.0 seconds  
Example:  
4*3#  
Eff03  
Example: 0.3 second dissolve  
Scaler settings  
X!  
X!  
Scaler output sync format  
6 *  
#
#
Syn  
0 = RGBHV (default)  
1 = RGBS  
2 = RGsB (sync on green, SOG)  
Example:  
6*1#  
Syn1  
Example: RGBHV sync output  
X!  
X!  
Scaler output polarity  
7 *  
Pol  
0 = H-/V- (default)  
1 = H-/V+  
2 = H+/V-  
3 = H+/V+  
Example:  
7*1#  
Pol1  
Example: H-/V+ sync polarity  
Blue screen  
X!  
X!  
Blue screen (blue & sync output only)  
8*  
#
Blu  
0 = off (default) (RGB & sync output)  
1 = on (blue video & sync output only)  
Example:  
8*1#  
Blu1  
Example: blue & sync output for  
setup  
Key effect  
X!  
X!  
Key mode  
9*  
#
Key  
0 = off (default)  
1 = on  
Example:  
9*1#  
Key1  
Example: enable the key effect.  
Edge smoothing  
X!  
X!  
Edge enhancement  
16*  
#
#
Fil  
0 = off  
1 = on (default)  
Example:  
16*1#  
Fil1  
Example: enable edge smoothing.  
Enhancement mode  
Edge enhancement  
X!  
X!  
12*  
Enh  
0 = off (default)  
1 = on  
Example:  
12*1#  
Enh1  
Example: enable enhanced mode.  
PAL film mode (2:2 pulldown detection)  
X!  
X!  
PAL film mode detection  
18*  
#
Flm  
0 = off (default)  
1 = on  
Example:  
18*0#  
Flm0  
Example: disable PAL film mode.  
DVS 406 • Serial Communication  
3-7  
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Serial Communication, cont’d  
Control Software for Windows  
The included Extron DVS 406 Control Program for Windows offers another way  
to control the DVS 406 via RS-232 connection in addition to the Simple  
Instruction Set commands. The control program’s graphical interface includes  
the same functions as those on the scaler’s front panel and some additional  
features that are only available through the Windows-based software.  
The control software is compatible with Windows 95/98, Windows NT,  
Windows 2000, and Windows XP. Extron’s DVS 406 Control Program is  
included with the DVS 406, and updates can be downloaded from the Extron  
Web site (http://www.extron.com).  
Installing the software  
The control program is contained on a CD, and it requires approximately 2 MB  
(megabytes) of hard disk space.  
To install the software on the hard drive:  
1.  
2.  
Run SETUP.EXE from the CD.  
Follow the instructions that appear on the screen.  
By default the installation creates a C:\DVS 406 directory, and it places two icons  
(DVS 406 Control Pgm and DVS 406 Help) into a group or folder named “Extron  
Electronics”.  
Using the control program  
Many items found in the DVS 406 Control Program are also accessible via front  
panel controls and the LCD menus described in chapter two. Refer to chapter  
two for details on features and settings. The DVS 406 Help Program provides  
information on settings and on how to use the control program itself. Some  
features, including the miscellaneous options, are only available via this control  
program. These features are described in the sections of this chapter that  
correspond to the parts of the control program where the features are found.  
1.  
To run the control program, double-click on the DVS 406 Control Pgm icon  
in the Extron Electronics group or folder. The Comm menu appears on the  
screen.  
2.  
Click on the comm port that is connected to the DVS 406’s RS-232 port.  
The Extron DVS 406 Control Program windows appear.  
3-8  
DVS 406 • Serial Communication  
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3.  
Click on the I/O Config button to configure the inputs from the I/O  
Configuration Window.  
Using the help program  
For information on program features, press the F1 computer key, or  
click on the Help menu from within the DVS 406 Control Program, or  
double-click on the DVS 406 Help icon in the Extron Electronics group or folder.  
For explanations of buttons or functions, click on the tabs in the help screen to  
reach the desired screen. Use a mouse or the Tab and Enter keys to select a  
button/function. A description and tips on using the program will appear on  
screen.  
DVS 406 • Serial Communication  
3-9  
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Serial Communication, cont’d  
3-10  
DVS 406 • Serial Communication  
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DVS 406  
Appendix  
A
Appendix  
Specifications  
Part Numbers and Accessories  
Firmware Upgrade Installation  
Audio Card Installation  
Serial Digital Interface (SDI) Card Installation  
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Appendix  
Specifications  
Video input  
Number/signal type ................... 1 RGBHV, RGBS, RGsB pass-through, HD component video color space  
1 RGBHV, RGBS, RGsB pass-through, progressive/interlaced component  
video  
3 S-video, composite video  
1 SDI (optional)  
Connectors ................................... 1 x 5 BNC female (pass-through, HD color space)  
1 x 5 BNC female (pass-through, progressive/interlaced)  
3 x 2 BNC female (S-video, composite video)  
1 BNC female (SDI – optional)  
Nominal level ............................... 1 Vp-p for Y of component video and S-video, and for composite video  
0.7 Vp-p for RGB  
0.3 Vp-p for U and V of component video, and for C of S-video  
Minimum/maximum levels ....... Analog: 0.0 V to 2.0 Vp-p with no offset  
Impedance .................................... 75 ohms  
Horizontal frequency .................. NTSC, PAL, NTSC 4.43, SECAM  
Vertical frequency ....................... NTSC, PAL, NTSC 4.43, SECAM  
Resolution range .......................... NTSC, PAL, NTSC 4.43, SECAM  
Return loss .................................... <-30 dB @ 5 MHz  
DC offset (max. allowable) ......... 1.5 V  
Video processing  
Decoder ......................................... 9 bit digital  
Digitalsampling ........................... 24 bit, 8 bits per color; 13.5 MHz (interlaced signals)  
24 bit, 8 bits per color; 27 MHz (480p signals)  
Colors ............................................ 16.78 million  
Video output  
Number/signal type ................... 2 RGBHV, RGBS, RGsB  
Connectors ................................... (1) 15-pin HD female  
1 x 5 BNC female  
Nominal level ............................... 0.7 Vp-p for RGB  
Minimum/maximum levels ....... 0 V to 0.7 Vp-p  
Impedance .................................... 75 ohms  
Scaled resolutions ........................ 640x4801,3,4,5,6, 800x6001,3,4,5,6, 848x4801,3,4,5,6, 852x4801,3,4,5,6, 1024x7681,3,4,5,6  
,
1280x7682,5,6, 1280x10241,3,4,5, 1360x7651,3,4,5,6, 1365x10241,3,4,5, 1400x10501,3,5  
,
HDTV 480p3,5, 576p1,5, 720p3,5, 1080p3,5, and 1080i1,3,5  
1 = at 50 Hz 2 = at 56 Hz 3 = at 60 Hz 4 = at 75 Hz  
5 = locked to the current input’s vertical refresh rate (Accu-RATE Frame  
Lock)  
6 = True Rate  
Return loss .................................... -30 dB @ 5 MHz  
DC offset ....................................... 5 mV maximum with input at 0 offset  
Switching type .............................. Triple-Action, seamless between RGB input #1 and video  
Sync  
Input type ..................................... RGBHV, RGBS, RGsB  
Output type .................................. RGBHV, RGBS, RGsB  
Standards ...................................... NTSC 3.58, NTSC 4.43, PAL, SECAM  
Input level ..................................... 0.0 V to 1.0 Vp-p  
Outputlevel .................................. 0.0 V to 7.0 Vp-p or TTL (5.0 Vp-p), unterminated  
A-2  
DVS 406 • Appendix  
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Input impedance .......................... 75 ohms  
Outputimpedance ....................... 75 ohms  
Max input voltage ........................ 5 Vp-p  
Max. propagation delay .............. 20 ns  
Polarity .......................................... Positive or negative (selectable)  
Audio  
Gain ................................................ Unbalanced output: 0 dB; balanced output: +6 dB  
Frequency response .................... 20 Hz to 20 kHz, 0.05 dB  
THD + Noise ................................. 0.03% @ 1 kHz, 0.3% @ 20 kHz at +19.5 dBu input, +21 dBu output,  
balanced/unbalanced  
S/N ................................................ >90 dB at maximum output (unweighted)  
Crosstalk ....................................... <-80 dB @ 1 kHz  
Stereo channel separation .......... >80 dB @ 1 kHz  
CMRR ............................................ >75 dB @ 20 Hz to 20 kHz  
Audio input  
Number/signal type ................... 6 stereo, balanced/unbalanced  
Connectors ................................... (6) 3.5 mm captive screw connectors, 5 pole  
Impedance .................................... >50k ohms unbalanced, 25k ohms balanced, DC coupled  
Nominal level ............................... Configurable: -60 dBV (1 mVrms), +4 dBu (1.23 Vrms), 0 dBu (0.775 Vrms),  
-10 dBV (316 mVrms), -20 dBV (100 mVrms)  
Maximum input level .................. +19.5 dBu (balanced/unbalanced) at 1%THD+N  
Input gain adjustment ................. -15 dB to +9 dB, adjustable per input via RS-232 or front panel  
0 dBu = 0.775V, 0 dBV = 1V, 0 dBV 2 dBu.  
Audio output  
Number/signal type ................... 1 stereo, balanced/unbalanced  
Connectors ................................... (1) 3.5 mm captive screw connectors, 5 pole  
Impedance .................................... 50 ohms, unbalanced; 100 ohms, balanced  
Gain error ..................................... 0.1 dB channel to channel  
Maximum level (Hi-Z) ................ >+21 dBu, balanced at 1%THD+N  
Maximum level (600 ohm) ......... >+15 dBu, balanced at 1%THD+N  
Control/remote — video scaler/scan converter  
Serial control port ........................ RS-232, 9-pin female D connector  
Baud rate and protocol ............... 9600, 8-bit, 1 stop bit, no parity  
Serial control pin configurations 2 = TX, 3 = RX, 5 = GND, 9 = hardwired IR  
Program control .......................... Extron’s control program for Windows®  
Extron’s Simple Instruction Set (SIS™)  
General  
Power ............................................ 100 VAC to 240 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 30 watts, internal, autoswitchable  
Temperature/humidity .............. Storage: -40 to +158 °F (-40 to +70 °C) / 10% to 90%, noncondensing  
Operating: +32 to +122 °F (0 to +50 °C) / 10% to 90%, noncondensing  
Rack mount .................................. Yes, with included brackets  
Enclosure type .............................. Metal  
DVS 406 • Appendix  
A-3  
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Appendix, cont’d  
Enclosure dimensions ................. 1.75" H x 17.5" W x 12" D (1U high, full rack wide)  
4.4 cm H x 44.4 cm W x 30.5 cm D  
Product weight  
DVS 406 A ......................... 6.5 lbs (2.9 kg)  
DVS 406 AD ...................... 6.8 lbs (3.1 kg)  
Shipping weight ........................... 11 lbs (5 kg)  
DIM weight, international .......... 12 lbs (6 kg)  
Vibration ....................................... ISTA 1A in carton (International Safe Transit Association)  
Listings .......................................... UL, CUL  
Compliances ................................. CE, FCC Class A, VCCI, AS/NZS, ICES  
MTBF ............................................. 30,000 hours  
Warranty ....................................... 3 years parts and labor  
All nominal levels are at 10%  
Specificationsaresubjecttochangewithoutnotice.  
Part Numbers and Accessories  
Included parts  
These items are included in each order for a DVS 406 scaler:  
Included parts  
Part number  
DVS 406/406 A/406 D/406 AD (1)  
Rubber feet (self-adhesive) (4)  
Rack and through-desk mounting kit  
IEC power cord  
60-363-01, -02, -03, -04  
70-077-03  
Tweeker (small screwdriver)  
DVS 406 User’s Manual  
DVS 406 Windows-based control program  
Accessories  
These items can be ordered separately:  
Accessories  
Part number  
IR 901 remote control  
SDI video input card  
70-152-01  
70-168-01  
70-151-01  
DVS audio input/output card  
A-4  
DVS 406 • Appendix  
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Firmware Upgrade Installation  
In some cases the DVS 406’s firmware may require replacement with an updated  
version. There are three user-replaceable firmware chips: U41 — the main  
microcontroller, U56, and U57. The numbers are printed on the circuit board. We  
recommend that you send the unit to Extron for service and updates.  
Changes to firmware must be performed by authorized service personnel  
only. Some DVS 406 firmware updates must be performed at the  
Extron factory.  
Follow these steps to replace firmware in the DVS 406.  
1.  
Disconnect the AC power cord from the DVS 406 to remove power from the  
unit. Next, remove the input/output cables.  
To prevent electric shock, always unplug the DVS 406 scaler from the  
AC power source before opening the enclosure.  
2.  
3.  
Remove the scaler from the rack or furniture.  
Remove the cover of the scaler (the top half of the enclosure) by removing  
the screws, then lifting the cover straight up.  
Remove (13)  
screws from  
top and sides.  
ADJUST  
U
DVS 406  
N
E
M
VIDEO SCALER  
DIGITAL  
Lift Cover  
T
X
E
N
Straight Up.  
S
T
N
E
M
T
S
U
J
D
A
R
E
E
R
T
N
U
E
C
T
C
I
P
E
Z
I
S
L
I
A
T
E
D
T
N
O
C
/
T
R
B
T
N
T
/
L
O
C
6
E
TAK  
5
4
SDI  
3
VIDEO/  
S-VIDEO  
2
VIDEO/  
S-VIDEO  
1
VIDEO/  
S-VIDEO  
RGB/YUV  
B
RG  
Do not touch any switches or other electronic components inside the  
scaler. Doing so could damage the scaler. Electrostatic discharge (ESD)  
can damage IC chips even though you cannot feel it. You must be  
electrically grounded before proceeding with firmware replacement. A  
grounding wrist strap is recommended.  
DVS 406 • Appendix  
A-5  
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Appendix, cont’d  
4.  
Locate the firmware chip(s) to be replaced on the circuit board, as shown in  
the following illustration.  
U56  
U57  
U41  
Locating the three firmware IC chips  
5.  
After you are electrically grounded, the U56 or  
U57 IC chips may be removed by grasping it  
firmly with your fingers and pulling it out, then  
continuing to step 8.  
Removal of the U41 IC chip requires a PLCC IC  
puller tool. To remove the U41 chip, align the  
hooks of a PLCC IC puller tool with the slots  
located in opposite ends of the U41 firmware chip.  
6.  
7.  
8.  
Insert the hooks into the slots, and squeeze the  
tool gently to grasp the chip.  
Pull the chip straight out of the socket, and set it  
aside.  
Align Notches  
Align the slots of the new  
U41  
firmware chip with the  
angled corners of the  
socket in the same  
orientation as the old  
chip.  
9.  
Gently, but firmly, press the chip into place in the socket.  
10. Replace the top cover on the DVS 406 scaler, and fasten it with the screws  
that were removed in step 3.  
11. Rack/furniture mount the scaler, connect the input/output cables, and  
reconnect the AC power cord.  
A-6  
DVS 406 • Appendix  
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Audio Card Installation  
The optional audio card may be installed in the scaler if it does not already have  
audio input/output. We recommend that you send the unit in to Extron for  
service and updates.  
Changes to electronic components must be performed by authorized  
service personnel only.  
Follow these steps to install an audio card in the DVS 406.  
1.  
Disconnect the AC power cord from the DVS 406 to remove power from the  
unit. Next, remove the input/output cables.  
To prevent electric shock, always unplug the DVS 406 scaler from the  
AC power source before opening the enclosure.  
2.  
3.  
Remove the scaler from the rack or furniture.  
Remove the cover of the scaler (the top half of the enclosure) by removing  
the screws, then lifting the cover straight up. See the top cover removal  
diagram in the “Firmware Upgrade Installation” section.  
Do not touch any switches or other electronic components inside the  
scaler. Doing so could damage the scaler. Electrostatic discharge (ESD)  
can damage IC chips even though you cannot feel it. You must be  
electrically grounded before proceeding with any electronic component  
replacement. A grounding wrist strap is recommended.  
4.  
Locate the four audio card standoffs located near the left rear corner of the  
main circuit board (looking from above with the front panel nearest to you).  
Audio card  
standoffs  
5.  
Remove the adhesive audio cover from the rear audio connector opening of  
the scaler and position the audio card at an angle with the audio  
connectors protruding slightly from the rear audio connector opening.  
DVS 406 • Appendix  
A-7  
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Appendix, cont’d  
6.  
The audio card has a 20-pin socket on the underside which should align  
with the 20 pins on the main circuit board. Be sure to align the pins  
properly, in order to prevent bending the pins, before pressing the audio  
card firmly in place against the standoffs. The four mounting holes on the  
audio card should now be directly over the standoffs.  
20-pin socket on  
back of audio card  
20-pin connector  
on main board  
7.  
Insert the four installation screws through the audio card’s mounting holes  
and gently tighten them into the standoffs.  
8.  
9.  
Replace the top cover on the DVS 406 scaler, and fasten it with the screws  
that were removed in step 3.  
Rack/furniture mount the scaler, connect the input/output cables, then  
reconnect the AC power cord.  
A-8  
DVS 406 • Appendix  
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Serial Digital Interface (SDI) Card Installation  
The optional SDI card may be installed in the scaler if it does not already have an  
input for a serial digital interface signal. We recommend that you send the unit  
in to Extron for service and updates.  
Changes to electronic components must be performed by authorized  
service personnel only.  
Follow these steps to install an SDI card in the DVS 406.  
1.  
Disconnect the AC power cord from the DVS 406 to remove power from the  
unit. Then disconnect the input/outut cables.  
To prevent electric shock, always unplug the DVS 406 scaler from the  
AC power source before opening the enclosure.  
2.  
3.  
Remove the scaler from the rack or furniture.  
Remove the cover of the scaler (the top half of the enclosure) by removing  
the screws, then lifting the cover straight up. See the top cover removal  
diagram in the “Firmware Upgrade Installation” section.  
Do not touch any switches or other electronic components inside the  
scaler. Doing so could damage the scaler. Electrostatic discharge (ESD)  
can damage IC chips even though you cannot feel it. You must be  
electrically grounded before proceeding with any electronic component  
replacement. A grounding wrist strap is recommended.  
4.  
Locate the SDI card standoff located near the middle rear portion of the  
main circuit board (looking from above with the front panel nearest to you).  
SDI connector opening  
SDI card standoff  
5.  
6.  
Remove the adhesive SDI cover from the rear SDI connector opening of the  
scaler and position the SDI card at an angle with the SDI connector  
protruding from the rear SDI connector opening.  
The SDI card has a 20-pin socket on the underside which should align with  
the 20 pins on the main circuit board. Be sure to align the pins properly, in  
order to prevent bending the pins, before pressing the SDI card firmly in  
place against the standoff. The mounting hole on the SDI card should now  
be directly over the standoff.  
DVS 406 • Appendix  
A-9  
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Appendix, cont’d  
20-pin socket on  
back of SDI card  
20-pin connector  
on main board  
7.  
Insert the card’s installation screw through the SDI card’s mounting hole  
and gently tighten it into the standoff.  
8.  
9.  
Install the SDI connector’s hex nut and keep the SDI card from twisting as  
the nut is tightened.  
Replace the top cover on the DVS 406 scaler, and fasten it with the screws  
that were removed in step 3.  
10. Rack/furniture mount the scaler, connect the input/output cables, and  
reconnect the AC power cord.  
A-10 DVS 406 • Appendix  
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FCC Class A Notice  
Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device,  
pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection  
against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This  
equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in  
accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.  
Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference, in which case  
the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.  
Note: This unit was tested with shielded cables on the peripheral devices. Shielded cables must be  
used with the unit to ensure compliance.  
Extron’s Warranty  
Extron Electronics warrants this product against defects in materials and workmanship for a period of  
three years from the date of purchase. In the event of malfunction during the warranty period  
attributable directly to faulty workmanship and/or materials, Extron Electronics will, at its option,  
repair or replace said products or components, to whatever extent it shall deem necessary to restore  
said product to proper operating condition, provided that it is returned within the warranty period,  
with proof of purchase and description of malfunction to:  
USA, Canada, South America,  
and Central America:  
Europe, Africa, and the Middle East:  
Extron Electronics, Europe  
Beeldschermweg6C  
3821AHAmersfoort  
The Netherlands  
ExtronElectronics  
1001 East Ball Road  
Anaheim, CA 92805, USA  
Asia:  
Japan:  
Extron Electronics, Asia  
135 Joo Seng Road, #04-01  
PM Industrial Bldg.  
Extron Electronics, Japan  
KyodoBuilding  
16 Ichibancho  
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0082  
Japan  
Singapore 368363  
This Limited Warranty does not apply if the fault has been caused by misuse, improper handling care,  
electrical or mechanical abuse, abnormal operating conditions or non-Extron authorized modification  
totheproduct.  
If it has been determined that the product is defective, please call Extron and ask for an Applications  
Engineer at (714) 491-1500 (USA), 31.33.453.4040 (Europe), 65.6383.4400 (Asia), or 81.3.3511.7655 (Japan)  
to receive an RA# (Return Authorization number). This will begin the repair process as quickly as  
possible.  
Units must be returned insured, with shipping charges prepaid. If not insured, you assume the risk  
of loss or damage during shipment. Returned units must include the serial number and a  
description of the problem, as well as the name of the person to contact in case there are any  
questions.  
Extron Electronics makes no further warranties either expressed or implied with respect to the  
product and its quality, performance, merchantability, or fitness for any particular use. In no event  
will Extron Electronics be liable for direct, indirect, or consequential damages resulting from any  
defect in this product even if Extron Electronics has been advised of such damage.  
Please note that laws vary from state to state and country to country, and that some provisions of  
this warranty may not apply to you.  
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Extron Electronics, USA  
1230 South Lewis Street  
Anaheim, CA 92805  
USA  
Extron Electronics, Europe  
Beeldschermweg 6C  
3821 AH Amersfoort  
The Netherlands  
Extron Electronics, Asia  
135 Joo Seng Road, #04-01  
PM Industrial Building  
Singapore 368363  
Extron Electronics, Japan  
Kyodo Building  
16 Ichibancho  
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0082 Japan  
+81.3.3511.7655  
714.491.1500  
+31.33.453.4040  
+65.6383.4400  
www.extron.com  
Fax 714.491.1517  
Fax +31.33.453.4050  
Fax +65.6383.4664  
Fax +81.3.3511.7656  
© 2005 Extron Electronics. All rights reserved.  
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