Electro Voice Speaker EVI 28 User Manual

EVI-28  
250-Watt Two-Way  
Compact Vari Intense®  
Speaker System  
Ground-breaking advance in single-  
box utility  
New small-format Vari Intense® horn  
for consistant SPL throughout the  
room  
DH2010A titanium compression driver  
Dual 8-inch high-power woofers with  
amplitude, frequency and delay  
shading  
• 1400-watt peak, 250-watt long-term  
power capacity  
Secure terminal strip inputs  
Compact, lightweight, refinishable,  
easy-to-install enclosure with  
U-bracket option  
horn driven by the DH2010A one-inch  
throat, wide-bandwidth, titanium-dia-  
phragm compression driver. This driver  
uses a unique, convex-drive Time PathTM  
phasing plug structure (U.S. Patent  
#4,525,604). The voice coil is coupled to  
the diaphragm with EV’s exclusive Reso-  
nant DriveTM technology. This increases  
and smooths the high-frequency response  
and reduces the amount of internal equal-  
ization for flat frequency response past  
25,000 Hz.  
EV’s self-resetting PROTM circuit is built into  
the crossover network to guard the com-  
pression driver from damage. If input  
power to the driver exceeds the nominal  
rating, the pro circuit is activated, reduc-  
ing the power delivered to the driver by 6  
dB. The system will remain in this mode of  
operation until input power is reduced to a  
safe level.  
coil combined with a large magnet struc-  
ture, a stiff, high-internal-damping cone  
and high-temperature materials for years  
of reliable performance.  
The EVI-28 full-range Vari Intense® loud-  
speaker system is the ideal system when-  
ever high output full frequency range ma-  
terial must be reproduced for balconies,  
cinemas, distributed systems and smaller  
rooms in churches, gymnasiums, auditori-  
ums, hotels and civic centers.  
Description  
The Electro-Voice EVI-28 full-range loud-  
speaker is a 250-watt, two-way, high-effi-  
ciency system featuring a new small-for-  
mat Vari Intense® horn and dual 210 mm  
(8-inch) direct radiators in a compact  
vented enclosure. The EVI-28 combines  
patented-Vari Intense® technology with  
amplitude-, frequency- and delay-shading  
techniques in a fully passive system to a  
package that is an industry first in perfor-  
mance, size and cost-effectiveness.  
Frequency Response  
The EVI-28 is intended to be used as a  
stand-alone full-range system, but may also  
be used as the midbass/high-frequency  
component in most multi-way loudspeaker  
systems. The primary applications for the  
EVI-28 are in smaller rooms, rooms with  
lower ceilings than applicable for the  
EVI-12 and EVI-15, and as a complemen-  
tary system for upper balconies and un-  
der-balcony areas. The system is optimized  
for regular throws on sloped floorplans of  
approximately 10 to 15 degrees or long  
throws on a flat floorplan relative to the  
mounting height.  
The combination of dual 210 mm (8-inch)  
woofers, a wide-bandwidth high-frequency  
driver and an equalized, delay-, frequency-  
and amplitude-shading crossover results  
in the wide and smooth overall response  
shown in Figure 1. The EVI-28’s long-throw  
axial frequency response was measured in  
Electro-Voice’s large anechoic chamber at  
a distance of 10 feet with a swept sine-  
wave input of 4 volts. Figure 1 has been  
averaged and corrected for 1 watt/1 meter.  
The optimally vented bass section of the  
EVI-28 is designed using Thiele-Small  
parameters for efficient performance to  
below 60 Hz. The dual proprietary 210-mm  
(8-inch) high power, long excursion low fre-  
quency drivers deliver outstanding perfor-  
mance. The woofers feature a low-mass  
extended 51-mm (2-inch) diameter voice  
Directivity  
The polar response of the EVI-28 speaker  
system at selected one-third-octave band-  
widths is shown in Figure 2. These polar  
The high-frequency section of the EVI-28  
utilizes a new small-format Vari Intense®  
1. The use of Vari Intense® horns is protected by U.S. patent  
#5,020,630.  
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EVI-28 250-Watt Two-Way Compact Vari Intense® Speaker System  
term average level stresses the speaker  
thermally (heat). The instantaneous peaks  
test mechanical reliability (cone and dia-  
phragm excursion). The sine-wave test sig-  
nals sometimes used have a much less de-  
manding peak value relative to their aver-  
age level, providing a much higher power  
handling specification than is appropriate  
for real-world use. In actual use, long-term  
average levels exist from several seconds  
on up, but we apply the long-term average  
for eight hours, adding another measure  
of reliability. Additional extremely high-  
stress tests developed in-house push com-  
ponents to the limits to ensure long-term  
reliability under the most extreme cases of  
abuse.  
propriate power amplifier output rating.  
vent low-frequency signal below band-  
pass from going to the loudspeaker. When  
using and active crossover, a high-pass  
filter with a cut-off frequency of 35- to 50-Hz  
will provide the necessary protection. The  
filter should have a slope of at least 12 dB  
per octave. Such subpass band filters are  
found in many crossovers and equalizers  
manufactured by Electro-Voice, as well as  
other commercially available equipment.  
1. To use the EVI-28 to full capacity,  
skilled experts in sound-system instal-  
lation and operation will obtain the  
best results if the power amplifier is  
2.0 to 4.0 times the long-term average  
noise power rating of the speaker  
system. For the EVI-28, this is 500  
to 1000 watts.  
The caution cannot be made strongly  
enough, however, that this arrangement  
is only for experts or for those who can  
discipline themselves against “pushing”  
the system for ever-higher sound levels  
and who can avoid “accidents” such as  
catastrophic feedback or dropped micro-  
phones.  
Enclosure Construction and Refinishing  
The enclosure is constructed from high-  
grade void-free 12-mm (0.5-inch) 9-ply and  
18-mm (0.71-inch) thick 13-ply birch ply-  
wood and lined with sound-absorbent cot-  
ton batting. This high-strength enclosure  
is coated with an attractive textured black  
or white finish for a truly professional ap-  
pearance. Systems with unfinished enclo-  
sures suitable for staining come with a black  
grille and may be ordered for a small addi-  
tional charge. The included 3/8-16 hang-  
ing points ensure easy installation in nearly  
every application. The grille is constructed  
from a sturdy 16-gauge medium-gloss black  
or white powder-coated steel and may be  
painted or covered with cloth to match the  
enclosure. If the grille is painted, the acous-  
tic foam insert should be removed during  
painting and reattached with a contact or  
spray adhesive on the grille, such as 3M  
Super 77. Take extreme care to replace the  
foam insert in its original position and pre-  
vent paint or adhesive from covering the  
foam, as it will obstruct the pores and de-  
grade the performance of the system.  
Specifically, the EVI-28 is designed to with-  
stand the power test described in ANSI/  
EIA RS-426-A 1980. The EIA test spec-  
trum is applied for eight hours. To obtain  
the spectrum, the output of a white-noise  
generator (white noise is a particular type  
of random noise with equal energy per  
bandwidth in Hz) is fed to a shaping filter  
with 6-dB-per-octave slopes below 40 Hz  
and above 318 Hz. When measured with  
the usual constant-percentage bandwidth  
analyzer (one-third-octave), this shaping  
filter produces a spectrum whose 3-dB-  
down points are at 100 Hz and 1,200 Hz with  
a 3-dB-per-octave slope above 1,200 Hz.  
This shaped signal is sent to the power am-  
plifier with the continuous power set at  
250 watts into the 6.9-ohm EIA equivalent  
impedance. Amplifier clipping sets instan-  
taneous peaks at 6 dB above the continu-  
ous power, or 1000 watts peak. The EVI-28  
has been thoroughly tested at an AES  
equivalent power level of 350 watts con-  
tinuous for 2 hours with 1,400 watt peaks.  
This procedure provides a rigorous test of  
both thermal and mechanical failure modes.  
2. A more conservative, “normal” ampli-  
fier size, which will produce audible  
results nearly equal to those of the  
“expert” recommendation, is 1.0 to 1.4  
times the long-term average noise  
power rating of the speaker. For the  
EVI-28, this is 250 to 350 watts.  
3. To be very conservative, one can use  
an amplifier rated at 0.5 to 0.7 times  
the long-term average noise power  
rating of the loudspeaker. For the EVI-  
28, this is 125 to 175 watts.  
Request P.A. Bible Addition No. Two  
(“Power Handling Capacity”) for more  
background on these recommendations.  
EVI-28 Connections  
Electrical connections to the system are  
made by large screw terminals able to ac-  
cept up to 10-gauge wire, mounted to an  
input panel on the back of the enclosure.  
Suspending EVI-28 Enclosures  
WARNING: Suspending any object is po-  
tentially dangerous and should only be at-  
tempted by individuals who have a thor-  
ough knowledge of the techniques and  
regulations of rigging objects overhead.  
Electro-Voice strongly recommends that  
the EVI-28 be suspended taking into ac-  
count all current national, federal, state  
and local regulations. It is the installer’s  
responsibility to ensure that the speaker  
system has been safely installed in accor-  
dance with all such regulations. Electro-  
Voice strongly recommends that all sus-  
Speaker Protection  
The EVI-28 like all other vented systems  
experiences rapidly increasing cone excur-  
sion below the box tuning frequency, while  
the acoustic output decreases rapidly. To  
ensure a long woofer life even when used  
at high power levels, it is recommended  
that some form of electronics be used to  
control unnecessary woofer cone excur-  
sion.  
Amplifier Power Recommendations  
As noted in the Power-Handling Capacity  
section above, the EVI-28 has a random-  
noise power capacity of 250-watts long  
term (1000-watts peak) per ANSI/EIA  
RS-426-A 1980. The following guide-  
lines will help relate this number to an ap-  
Graphic equalizers and active crossovers  
are two methods that can be used to pre-  
3
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EVI-28 250-Watt Two-Way Compact Vari Intense® Speaker System  
pended items be inspected at least once a  
year and any weakened or damaged parts  
be replaced immediately.  
structed of 12-mm (0.5-inch) 9-ply and  
18-mm (0.71-inch) 13-ply birch plywood  
and shall be braced and lined with sound-  
absorbent glass wool. The finish of the  
enclosure shall be textured black or white  
and a removable black or white metal grille  
shall be provided. The dimensions of the  
enclosure shall be 353 mm (13.9 inches)  
high by 496 mm (19.5 inches) wide by  
523 mm (20.6 inches) deep. The loud-  
speaker system shall weigh 13 kg (35 lb).  
Voice or any of its authorized service rep-  
resentatives together with proof of pur-  
chase of the product in the form of a bill of  
sale or receipted invoice. A list of autho-  
rized service representatives is available  
from Electro-Voice at 600 Cecil Street, Bucha-  
nan, MI49107(616/695-6831or800/234-6831).  
Incidental and Consequential Damages Ex-  
cluded: Product repair or replacement and  
return to the customer are the only rem-  
edies provided to the customer. Electro-  
Voice shall not be liable for any incidental  
or consequential damages including, with-  
out limitation, injury to persons or prop-  
erty or loss of use. Some states do not  
allow the exclusion or limitation of inciden-  
tal or consequential damages so the above  
limitation or exclusion may not apply to  
you. Other Rights: This warranty gives  
you specific legal rights, and you may also  
have other rights which vary from state to  
state.  
The recommended mounting method is the  
optional U-Bracket hanging kit, EVI-28MB,  
available in black or white. It attaches to  
the 3/8” t-nut locations on each side of the  
enclosure, allowing the system to be hung  
individually or in an array. A set of mount-  
ing holes for an OmniMount 100 are in-  
cluded on each EVI-28MB bracket.  
Electro-Voice recommends a minimum  
safety factor of 8:1, or greater if local codes  
or regulations exceed this amount. The  
EVI-28MB brackets exceed this safety fac-  
tor when installed in compliance with  
Electro-Voice recommendations.  
The loudspeaker system shall be the  
Electro-Voice EVI-28.  
Uniform Limited Warranty  
Electro-Voice products are guaranteed  
against malfunction due to defects in ma-  
terials or workmanship for a specified pe-  
riod, as noted in the individual product-  
line statement(s) below, or in the individual  
product data sheet or owner’s manual, be-  
ginning with the date of original purchase.  
If such malfunction occurs during the  
specified period, the product will be re-  
paired or replaced (at our option) without  
charge. The product will be returned to the  
customer prepaid. Exclusions and Limita-  
tions: The Limited Warranty does not ap-  
ply to: (a) exterior finish or appearance; (b)  
certain specific items described in the indi-  
vidual product-line statement(s) below, or  
in the individual product data sheet or  
owner’s manual; (c) malfunction resulting  
from use or operation of the product other  
than as specified in the product data sheet  
or owner’s manual; (d) malfunction result-  
ing from misuse or abuse of the product;  
or (e) malfunction occurring at any time  
after repairs have been made to the prod-  
uct by anyone other than Electro-Voice or  
any of its authorized service representa-  
tives. Obtaining Warranty Service: To  
obtain warranty service, a customer must  
deliver the product, prepaid, to Electro-  
Architect's and Engineer's  
Specifications  
The loudspeaker system shall be of the  
full-range type consisting of dual 210-mm  
(8-inch) high-efficiency, extended-voice-  
coil, high-power woofers in a vented en-  
closure and a 25.4 mm (1-inch) exit com-  
pression driver loaded with a small-format  
Vari Intense® horn. The loudspeaker sys-  
tem shall employ a passive crossover that  
provides amplitude, frequency and delay  
shading to the 8-inch woofers and provide  
high-frequency protection for the com-  
pression driver. The loudspeaker system  
shall meet the following performance crite-  
ria. Power handling shall be 250 watts of  
pink noise with an 6-dB crest factor for  
eight hours, or 350 watts of pink noise with  
an 6-dB crest factor for two hours, band-  
limited from 62 Hz to 25 kHz. Frequency  
response shall be smooth and uniformly  
usable from 62 Hz to 25 kHz. Pressure sen-  
sitivity shall be 93.0 dB SPL when mea-  
sured at one meter on axis with one watt  
of band-limited pink noise from 62 Hz to  
25 kHz. The enclosure shall be con-  
Electro-Voice Speakers and Speaker Sys-  
tems are guaranteed against malfunction  
due to defects in materials or workman-  
ship for a period of five (5) years from the  
date of original purchase. The Limited War-  
ranty does not apply to burned voice coils  
or malfunctions such as cone and/or coil  
damage resulting from improperly de-  
signed enclosures. Electro-Voice active  
electronics associated with the speaker  
systems are guaranteed for three (3) years  
from the date of original purchase. Addi-  
tional details are included in the Uniform  
Limited Warranty statement.  
Service and repair address for this prod-  
uct: Electro-Voice, Inc., 600 Cecil Street,  
Buchanan, Michigan 49107 (616/695-6831  
or 800/234-6831).  
Electro-Voice operates under a policy of  
continuous improvement, therefore speci-  
fications subject to change without notice.  
4
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EVI-28 250-Watt Two-Way Compact Vari Intense® Speaker System  
Figure 1 — EVI-28 Long-Throw  
Frequency Response (4 volts/10 feet  
normalized to 1 watt/ 1 meter, anechoic  
environment)  
HORIZONTAL  
VERTICAL  
5 dB per division  
Figure 2 — Polar Response  
5
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EVI-28 250-Watt Two-Way Compact Vari Intense® Speaker System  
Figure 3 — EVI-28 Impedance  
Figure 4 — EVI-28 Distortion at 0.1  
Rated Power, 25W  
(anechoic environment)  
Figure 5 — EVI-28 Short-Throw  
Horizontal Beamwidth vs. Frequency  
(anechoic environment @ 20ft)  
6
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EVI-28 250-Watt Two-Way Compact Vari Intense® Speaker System  
Figure 6 — EVI-28 Long-Throw  
Horizontal and Vertical Beamwidth vs.  
Frequency (anechoic environment  
@ 20ft)  
Figure 7 — EVI-28 Directivity vs.  
Frequency (anechoic environment  
@ 20ft)  
Figure 8 — EVI-28 Dimensions  
Figure 9 — Balcony Installation  
Figure 10 — Small-Room Installation  
7
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EVI-28 250-Watt Two-Way Compact Vari Intense® Speaker System  
1,000-20,000 Hz, Long-Throw Horizontal:  
65 degrees +/-20 degrees  
High Pass:  
12 dB per octave  
Specifications  
600-20,000 Hz, Vertical:  
Impedance (see Figure 3):  
Nominal:  
8 ohms  
Minimum:  
6.2 ohms (225 Hz)  
Input Connections:  
Large shielded screw terminals for up  
to 10 gauge wire  
Driver Protection, High Frequency:  
Solid-state self-resetting circuit  
(PROTM circuit) drops output 6 dB  
Enclosure:  
Direct-radiating vented LF, built of 12 mm  
(0.5-inch) 9-ply and 18 mm (0.71-inch)  
13-ply birch plywood with appropriate  
bracing, lined with flame-retardant cotton  
batting  
Axial Frequency Response, Swept Sine  
Wave, 4 volts at 3.05 meters (10 feet),  
anechoic environment, normalized for 1  
watt at 1 meter; see Figure 1:  
62-25,000Hz  
Low-Frequency 3-dB-Down Point:  
62 Hz  
Usable Low-Frequency Limit (10-dB-Down  
Point):  
65 degrees +/-20 degrees  
Directivity Factor, Rθ(Q) 1,600 - 20,000 Hz  
average (see Figure 7):  
11.7 (+3.5,-3.8)  
Recommended Operational Vertical Angle  
(see Figure 4):  
-5 degrees to -45 degrees  
Distortion, 0.1 Full Power Input (see Fig-  
ure 4), Second Harmonic,  
100 Hz:  
-49 dB, 0.35%  
1000 Hz:  
-51 dB, 0.3%  
10,000 Hz:  
-27 dB, 4.5%  
Third Harmonic,  
100 Hz:  
-50 dB, 0.3%  
1000 Hz:  
-58 dB, 0.1%  
10,000 Hz:  
-44 dB, 0.6%  
Transducer Complement,  
Low Frequency:  
Dual 8-inch high-efficiency, high-  
power woofers  
High Frequency:  
DH2010A driver  
Box-Tuning Frequency:  
67 Hz  
Crossover Specifications, Full-range,  
Crossover Frequency:  
2,000 Hz  
50 Hz  
Half-Space Reference Efficiency:  
1.1%  
Power Handling Capacity (see Power-Han-  
dling Capacity Section):  
250 watts, long-term continuous  
(8-hour)  
350 watts, short-term continuous  
(2-hour)  
1400 watts, peak power  
Maximum Woofer Acoustic Output:  
3.8 watts  
Sensitivity (SPL at 1 watt, 1 meter input,  
anechoic environment, swept sine wave, 62-  
25,000Hz):  
Enclosure Colors:  
Black or white with black or white pow  
der-coated perforated-metal grille  
Dimensions (see Figure 8):  
Height:  
353 mm (13.9 inch)  
Width:  
496 mm (19.5 inch)  
Depth:  
523 mm (20.6 inch)  
Net Weight:  
16.3 kg (36 lb)  
Shipping Weight:  
21.8 kg (48 lb)  
Accessories:  
Electro-Voice EVI-28MB-BK black  
U-Bracket suspension kit  
Electro-Voice EVI-28MB-WH white  
U-Bracket suspension kit  
Attachment Points:  
93 dB  
Maximum Output (SPL at rated power, in-  
cluding any power compression due to  
nonlinearities in the system):  
116 dB SPL, long-term continuous  
117.5 dB SPL, short-term continuous  
123.5 dB SPL, short-term peak  
Dispersion Angle Included by 6-dB-Down  
Points on Polar Responses, Indicated One-  
Third-Octave Bands of Pink Noise (see Fig-  
ures 5 and 6):  
Crossover Slope,  
Low Pass:  
12 dB per octave with frequency, de-  
lay and amplitude shading  
800-20,000 Hz, Short-Throw Horizontal:  
110 degrees +/-20 degrees  
Two 3/8”-16 hanging points included  
600 Cecil Street, Buchanan, MI 49107  
800/234-6831, 616/695-6831, 616/695-1304 Fax  
©Telex Communications, Inc., 1998 • Litho in U.S.A.  
SPEAKERS - Full-Range  
Part Number 534622 — 9812  
8
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