E
ClassPad 300 PLUS
ClassPad OS Version 2.20
User’s Guide
CASIO Education website URL
ClassPad website URL
ClassPad register URL
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1
Getting Ready
Getting Ready
This section contains important information you need to know before using the ClassPad for the
first time.
1. Unpacking
When unpacking your ClassPad, check to make sure that all of the items shown here are
included. If anything is missing, contact your original retailer immediately.
ClassPad
CD-ROM
Front Cover
(Attached to
ClassPad.)
=
(
x
y
z
÷
i
−
+
EXE
^
9
7
8
5
)
4
1
0
6
,
2
.
3
EXP
(–)
Stylus (Inserted in ClassPad.) 3-pin Cable (SB-62)
USB Cable
Quick Start Guide
Touch Screen Protector
Four AAA-size Batteries LR03
(AM4)
E
ClassPad 300 PLUS
ClassPad OS Version 2.20
Quick Start Guide
http://world.casio.com/edu/
http://classpad.net
(The protector is already installed on
the touch screen when you purchase
the ClassPad.)
RJA510188-029V01
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2
Getting Ready
2. Attaching and Removing the Front Cover
u To remove the front cover
Before using the ClassPad, remove the front cover and attach it to the back.
u To attach the front cover
When you are not using the ClassPad, attach the front cover to the front.
Important!
• Always attach the front cover to the ClassPad whenever you are not using it. Otherwise,
accidental operation of the touch screen or the o key can cause the power to turn on and
run down the batteries.
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3
Getting Ready
3. Using the Stylus
Slide the stylus from the slot provided for it on the ClassPad, and then use it to perform touch
panel operations.
Important!
• Be careful so that you do not misplace or lose the stylus. When you are not using it, always
keep the stylus in the slot provided for it on the ClassPad.
• Be careful so that you do not damage the tip of the stylus. A damaged tip can scratch or
otherwise damage the ClassPad touch panel.
• Use only the supplied stylus or a similar instrument to perform touch panel operations. Never
use a pen, pencil, or other writing instrument.
4. Replacing Batteries and Setting Up the
ClassPad
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Making sure that you do not accidentally press the o key, attach the front cover to the
ClassPad and then turn the ClassPad over. Remove the battery cover from the ClassPad by
pulling with your finger at the point marked 1.
1
(2) Load the four batteries that come with ClassPad.
• Make sure that the positive (+) and negative (–) ends of
the batteries are facing correctly.
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4
Getting Ready
(3) Replace the battery cover, making sure that its tabs enter
the holes marked 2 and turn the ClassPad front side up.
(4) Remove the front cover from the ClassPad.
(5) Align the touch panel.
2
a. Your ClassPad should turn on automatically and
display the Touch Panel Alignment screen.
b. Tap the center of each of the four cross marks as they
appear on the display.
• If the Touch Panel Alignment screen does not appear, use
the stylus to press the P button on the back of the
ClassPad.
P
P button
Important!
• It may take a little time for your ClassPad to start up after
you press the P button.
(6) Adjust the display contrast.
a. Tap the button to make contrast darker, or the
button to make it lighter.
b. After the contrast setting is the way you want, tap [Set].
• Tapping [Initial] on the Contrast dialog box returns contrast to its initial factory default
setting.
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5
Getting Ready
(7) Specify the display language.
a. On the list that appears, tap the language you want to use.
• You can select German, English, Spanish, French, or
Portuguese.
b. When the language you want is selected, tap [Set].
• Tapping [Cancel] selects English and advances to the next dialog box.
(8) Specify the soft keyboard key arrangement.
a. On the list that appears, tap the key arrangement
you want to use.
b. When the key arrangement you want is selected, tap [Set].
• Tapping [Cancel] selects QWERTY arrangement and advances to the next dialog box.
(9) Specify the font set.
a. On the list that appears, tap the font set you want to use.
• You can select Regular or Bolder.
b. When the font set you want is selected, tap [Set].
• Tapping [Cancel] selects Bolder and finalizes the setup operation.
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6
Getting Ready
5. User Registration
Before using your ClassPad 300 PLUS or OH-ClassPad PLUS, be sure to read the contents of
the file named Readme.html, which is on the bundled CD-ROM. There you will find the URL for a
Website where you can register as an official user.
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7
Getting Ready
Handling Precautions
• Your ClassPad is made of precision components. Never try to take it apart.
• Avoid dropping your ClassPad and subjecting it to strong impact.
• Do not store the ClassPad or leave it in areas exposed to high temperatures or humidity, or
large amounts of dust. When exposed to low temperatures, the ClassPad may require more
time to display results and may even fail to operate. Correct operation will resume once the
ClassPad is brought back to normal temperature.
• Replace the batteries once every one year regardless of how much the ClassPad is used during
that period. Never leave dead batteries in the battery compartment. They can leak and damage
the ClassPad.
• Keep batteries out of the reach of small children. If swallowed, consult a physician immediately.
• Avoid using volatile liquids such as thinners or benzine to clean the ClassPad. Wipe it with a
soft, dry cloth, or with a cloth that has been moistened with a solution of water and a neutral
detergent and wrung out.
• Always be gentle when wiping dust off the display to avoid scratching it.
• In no event will the manufacturer and its suppliers be liable to you or any other person for any
damages, expenses, lost profits, lost savings or any other damages caused by loss of data
and/or formulas arising out of malfunction, repairs, or battery replacement. It is up to you to
prepare physical records of data to protect against such data loss.
• Never dispose of batteries, the liquid crystal panel, or other components by burning them.
• When the “Batteries are extremely low!” message appears on the display, replace the batteries
as soon as possible.
• Be sure to turn off the ClassPad before replacing the batteries.
• If the ClassPad is exposed to a strong electrostatic charge, its memory contents may be
damaged or the keys may stop working. In such a case, perform the reset operation to clear the
memory and restore normal key operation.
• If the ClassPad stops operating correctly for some reason, use the stylus to press the P button
on the back of the ClassPad. Note, however, that this clears all the data in ClassPad memory.
• Note that strong vibration or impact during program execution can cause execution to stop or
can damage the ClassPad’s memory contents.
• Using the ClassPad near a television or radio can cause interference with TV or radio reception.
• Before assuming malfunction of the ClassPad, be sure to carefully reread this user’s guide to
ensure that the problem is not due to insufficient battery power, programming, or operational
errors.
• Make sure nothing gets between the front cover and the touch screen. Besides creating the risk
of scratching the touch screen, an object coming into contact with the screen can cause the
power to turn on and run down the batteries.
• Always attach the front cover to the ClassPad whenever you are not using it. Otherwise,
accidental operation of the touch screen or the o key can cause the power to turn on and
run down the batteries.
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8
Getting Ready
Be sure to keep physical records of all important data!
Low battery power or incorrect replacement of the batteries that power the ClassPad can cause
the data stored in memory to be corrupted or even lost entirely. Stored data can also be affected
by strong electrostatic charge or strong impact. It is up to you to keep back up copies of data to
protect against its loss.
Backing Up Data
Your ClassPad comes bundled with a special USB cable and ClassPad Manager software, which
you can use to backup data to a computer running Windows® 98SE, Me, XP, or 2000.
• The ClassPad Manager software is on the CD-ROM.
In no event shall CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. be liable to anyone for special, collateral, incidental,
or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the purchase or use of these
materials. Moreover, CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. shall not be liable for any claim of any kind
whatsoever against the use of these materials by any other party.
• The contents of this user’s guide are subject to change without notice.
• No part of this user’s guide may be reproduced in any form without the express written
consent of the manufacturer.
• The options described in Chapter 16 of this user’s guide may not be available in certain
geographic areas. For full details on availability in your area, contact your nearest CASIO
dealer or distributor.
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ClassPad OS Version 2.20
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1
Contents
Contents
1. Unpacking ................................................................................................... 1
2. Attaching and Removing the Front Cover ............................................... 2
3. Using the Stylus ......................................................................................... 3
4. Replacing Batteries and Setting Up the ClassPad .................................. 3
5. User Registration........................................................................................ 6
Handling Precautions ...................................................................................... 7
About This User’s Guide
ClassPad Keypad and Icon Panel .................................................................... 0-1-1
On-screen Keys, Menus, and Other Controllers ............................................... 0-1-2
Page Contents .................................................................................................. 0-1-3
Chapter 1 Getting Acquainted
1-1 General Guide ....................................................................................... 1-1-1
General Guide ................................................................................................... 1-1-2
Using the Stylus ................................................................................................ 1-1-4
1-2 Turning Power On and Off ................................................................... 1-2-1
Turning Power On ............................................................................................. 1-2-1
Turning Power Off ............................................................................................. 1-2-1
Resume Function .............................................................................................. 1-2-1
Limiting the Duration of the Sleep State ........................................................... 1-2-2
1-3 Using the Icon Panel ............................................................................ 1-3-1
1-4 Built-in Applications ............................................................................. 1-4-1
Starting a Built-in Application ............................................................................ 1-4-2
Application Menu Operations ............................................................................ 1-4-2
1-5 Built-in Application Basic Operations ................................................ 1-5-1
Application Window ........................................................................................... 1-5-1
Using a Dual Window Display ........................................................................... 1-5-1
Using the Menu Bar .......................................................................................... 1-5-2
Using the O Menu .......................................................................................... 1-5-4
Using Check Boxes ........................................................................................... 1-5-6
Using Option Buttons ........................................................................................ 1-5-7
Using the Settings Menu ................................................................................... 1-5-8
Using the Toolbar .............................................................................................. 1-5-9
Interpreting Status Bar Information ................................................................. 1-5-10
Pausing and Terminating an Operation ........................................................... 1-5-10
1-6 Input ....................................................................................................... 1-6-1
Using the Soft Keyboard ................................................................................... 1-6-1
Input Basics....................................................................................................... 1-6-3
Advanced Soft Keyboard Operations ................................................................ 1-6-8
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2
Contents
1-7 Variables and Folders .......................................................................... 1-7-1
Folder Types ..................................................................................................... 1-7-1
Variable Types................................................................................................... 1-7-2
Creating a Folder .............................................................................................. 1-7-4
Creating and Using Variables............................................................................ 1-7-5
Assigning Values and Other Data to a System Variable ................................. 1-7-10
Locking a Variable or Folder ........................................................................... 1-7-10
Rules Governing Variable Access ....................................................................1-7-11
1-8 Using the Variable Manager ................................................................. 1-8-1
Variable Manager Overview .............................................................................. 1-8-1
Starting Up the Variable Manager ..................................................................... 1-8-1
Variable Manager Views ................................................................................... 1-8-2
Exiting the Variable Manager ............................................................................ 1-8-2
Variable Manager Folder Operations ................................................................ 1-8-3
Variable Operations........................................................................................... 1-8-7
Chapter 2 Using the Main Application
2-1 Main Application Overview .................................................................. 2-1-1
Starting Up the Main Application ....................................................................... 2-1-1
Main Application Window .................................................................................. 2-1-1
Main Application Menus and Buttons ................................................................ 2-1-3
Using Main Application Modes .......................................................................... 2-1-4
Accessing ClassPad Application Windows from the Main Application .............. 2-1-5
Accessing the Main Application Window from Another ClassPad
Application......................................................................................................... 2-1-6
2-2 Basic Calculations................................................................................ 2-2-1
Arithmetic Calculations and Parentheses Calculations ..................................... 2-2-1
Using the e Key ............................................................................................ 2-2-2
Omitting the Multiplication Sign ......................................................................... 2-2-2
Using the Answer Variable (ans) ....................................................................... 2-2-2
Calculation Error ............................................................................................... 2-2-3
Calculation Priority Sequence ........................................................................... 2-2-4
Calculation Modes............................................................................................. 2-2-5
2-3 Using the Calculation History ............................................................. 2-3-1
Viewing Calculation History Contents ............................................................... 2-3-1
Re-calculating an Expression............................................................................ 2-3-2
Deleting Part of the Calculation History Contents ............................................. 2-3-4
Clearing All Calculation History Contents.......................................................... 2-3-4
2-4 Function Calculations .......................................................................... 2-4-1
2-5 List Calculations ................................................................................... 2-5-1
Inputting List Data ............................................................................................. 2-5-1
Using a List in a Calculation .............................................................................. 2-5-3
2-6 Matrix and Vector Calculations ........................................................... 2-6-1
Inputting Matrix Data ......................................................................................... 2-6-1
Performing Matrix Calculations ......................................................................... 2-6-4
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3
Contents
2-7 Using the Action Menu ......................................................................... 2-7-1
Abbreviations and Punctuation Used in This Section ....................................... 2-7-1
Example Screenshots ....................................................................................... 2-7-2
Displaying the Action Menu ............................................................................... 2-7-3
Using the Transformation Submenu.................................................................. 2-7-3
Using the Calculation Submenu ........................................................................ 2-7-8
Using the Complex Submenu ......................................................................... 2-7-15
Using the List-Create Submenu ...................................................................... 2-7-17
Using the List-Calculation Submenu ............................................................... 2-7-20
Using the Matrix-Create Submenu .................................................................. 2-7-26
Using the Matrix-Calculation Submenu ........................................................... 2-7-29
Using the Vector Submenu ............................................................................. 2-7-34
Using the Equation/Inequality Submenu ......................................................... 2-7-38
Using the Assistant Submenu ......................................................................... 2-7-44
2-8 Using the Interactive Menu .................................................................. 2-8-1
Interactive Menu and Action Menu .................................................................... 2-8-1
Interactive Menu Example................................................................................. 2-8-1
Using the “apply” Command ............................................................................. 2-8-4
2-9 Using the Main Application in Combination with Other
Applications .......................................................................................... 2-9-1
Opening Another Application’s Window ............................................................ 2-9-1
Closing Another Application’s Window .............................................................. 2-9-2
Using the Graph Window $ and 3D Graph Window % ................................ 2-9-2
Using a Graph Editor Window (Graph & Table: !, Conics: *,
3D Graph: @, Numeric Solver: 1) ................................................................ 2-9-4
Using the List Editor Window ( ...................................................................... 2-9-5
Using the Geometry Window 3 ...................................................................... 2-9-9
Using the Sequence Editor Window & ......................................................... 2-9-12
Using the Table Window # ........................................................................... 2-9-12
2-10 Using Verify ......................................................................................... 2-10-1
Starting Up Verify ............................................................................................ 2-10-1
Verify Menus and Buttons ............................................................................... 2-10-2
Using Verify ..................................................................................................... 2-10-3
Chapter 3 Using the Graph & Table Application
3-1 Graph & Table Application Overview .................................................. 3-1-1
Starting Up the Graph & Table Application ........................................................ 3-1-1
Graph & Table Application Window ................................................................... 3-1-1
Graph & Table Application Menus and Buttons ................................................. 3-1-2
Graph & Table Application Status Bar ............................................................... 3-1-7
Graph & Table Application Basic Operations .................................................... 3-1-7
3-2 Using the Graph Window ..................................................................... 3-2-1
Configuring View Window Parameters for the Graph Window.......................... 3-2-1
Scrolling the Graph Window.............................................................................. 3-2-5
Panning the Graph Window .............................................................................. 3-2-5
Zooming the Graph Window ............................................................................. 3-2-6
Other Graph Window Operations .................................................................... 3-2-10
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4
Contents
3-3 Storing Functions ................................................................................. 3-3-1
Using Graph Editor Sheets ............................................................................... 3-3-1
Specifying the Function Type ............................................................................ 3-3-2
Storing a Function ............................................................................................. 3-3-3
Using Built-in Functions .................................................................................... 3-3-5
Saving the Message Box Expression to the Graph Editor Window .................. 3-3-5
Editing Stored Functions ................................................................................... 3-3-6
Deleting All Graph Editor Expressions .............................................................. 3-3-7
Graphing a Stored Function .............................................................................. 3-3-7
Saving Graph Editor Data to Graph Memory .................................................... 3-3-9
3-4 Using Table & Graph ............................................................................ 3-4-1
Generating a Number Table .............................................................................. 3-4-1
Editing Number Table Values ............................................................................ 3-4-4
Deleting, Inserting, and Adding Number Table Lines ........................................ 3-4-5
Regenerating a Number Table .......................................................................... 3-4-6
Generating a Number Table and Using It to Draw a Graph .............................. 3-4-7
Saving a Number Table to a List ....................................................................... 3-4-8
Generating a Summary Table ........................................................................... 3-4-9
Making the Graph Editor Window the Active Window ..................................... 3-4-15
3-5 Modifying a Graph ................................................................................ 3-5-1
Modifying a Single Graph by Changing the Value of a Coefficient
(Direct Modify) ................................................................................................... 3-5-1
Simultaneously Modifying Multiple Graphs by Changing Common Variables
(Dynamic Modify) .............................................................................................. 3-5-4
3-6 Using the Sketch Menu ........................................................................ 3-6-1
Sketch Menu Overview ..................................................................................... 3-6-1
Using Sketch Menu Commands........................................................................ 3-6-1
3-7 Using Trace ........................................................................................... 3-7-1
Using Trace to Read Graph Coordinates .......................................................... 3-7-1
Linking Trace to a Number Table ...................................................................... 3-7-3
Generating Number Table Values from a Graph ............................................... 3-7-4
3-8 Analyzing a Function Used to Draw a Graph ..................................... 3-8-1
G-Solve Menu Overview ................................................................................... 3-8-1
Using G-Solve Menu Commands...................................................................... 3-8-2
Chapter 4 Using the Conics Application
4-1 Conics Application Overview .............................................................. 4-1-1
Starting Up the Conics Application .................................................................... 4-1-1
Conics Application Window ............................................................................... 4-1-1
Conics Application Menus and Buttons ............................................................. 4-1-2
Conics Application Status Bar ........................................................................... 4-1-4
4-2 Inputting Equations ............................................................................. 4-2-1
Using a Conics Form to Input an Equation ....................................................... 4-2-1
Inputting an Equation Manually ......................................................................... 4-2-3
Transforming a Manually Input Equation to a Conics Form .............................. 4-2-3
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5
Contents
4-3 Drawing a Conics Graph ...................................................................... 4-3-1
Drawing a Parabola .......................................................................................... 4-3-1
Drawing a Circle ................................................................................................ 4-3-4
Drawing an Ellipse ............................................................................................ 4-3-5
Drawing a Hyperbola......................................................................................... 4-3-6
Drawing a General Conics ................................................................................ 4-3-8
4-4 Using Trace to Read Graph Coordinates ........................................... 4-4-1
Using Trace ....................................................................................................... 4-4-1
4-5 Using G-Solve to Analyze a Conics Graph......................................... 4-5-1
Displaying the G-Solve Menu............................................................................ 4-5-1
Using G-Solve Menu Commands...................................................................... 4-5-2
Chapter 5 Using the 3D Graph Application
5-1 3D Graph Application Overview .......................................................... 5-1-1
Starting Up the 3D Graph Application ............................................................... 5-1-1
3D Graph Application Window .......................................................................... 5-1-1
3D Graph Application Menus and Buttons ........................................................ 5-1-2
3D Graph Application Status Bar ...................................................................... 5-1-4
5-2 Inputting an Expression....................................................................... 5-2-1
Using 3D Graph Editor Sheets .......................................................................... 5-2-1
Storing a Function ............................................................................................. 5-2-2
5-3 Drawing a 3D Graph ............................................................................. 5-3-1
Configuring 3D Graph View Window Parameters ............................................. 5-3-1
3D Graph Example............................................................................................ 5-3-3
5-4 Manipulating a Graph on the 3D Graph Window ............................... 5-4-1
Enlarging and Reducing the Size of a Graph .................................................... 5-4-1
Switching the Eye Position ................................................................................ 5-4-1
Rotating the Graph Manually ............................................................................ 5-4-2
Rotating a Graph Automatically......................................................................... 5-4-2
Initializing the Graph Window............................................................................ 5-4-2
5-5 Other 3D Graph Application Functions .............................................. 5-5-1
Using Trace to Read Graph Coordinates .......................................................... 5-5-1
Inserting Text into a 3D Graph Window............................................................. 5-5-1
Calculating a z-value for Particular x- and y-values .......................................... 5-5-2
Chapter 6 Using the Sequence Application
6-1 Sequence Application Overview ......................................................... 6-1-1
Starting up the Sequence Application ............................................................... 6-1-1
Sequence Application Window .......................................................................... 6-1-1
Sequence Application Menus and Buttons ....................................................... 6-1-2
Sequence Application Status Bar ...................................................................... 6-1-6
6-2 Inputting an Expression in the Sequence Application...................... 6-2-1
Inputting Data on the Sequence Editor Window ............................................... 6-2-1
Inputting Data on the Sequence RUN Window ................................................. 6-2-1
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6
Contents
6-3 Recursive and Explicit Form of a Sequence ...................................... 6-3-1
Generating a Number Table .............................................................................. 6-3-1
Graphing a Recursion ....................................................................................... 6-3-3
Determining the General Term of a Recursion Expression ............................... 6-3-5
Calculating the Sum of a Sequence .................................................................. 6-3-6
6-4 Using LinkTrace .................................................................................... 6-4-1
Chapter 7 Using the Statistics Application
7-1 Statistics Application Overview .......................................................... 7-1-1
Starting Up the Statistics Application ................................................................ 7-1-2
List Editor Window Menus and Buttons ............................................................ 7-1-3
List Editor Window Status Bar........................................................................... 7-1-4
7-2 Using List Editor ................................................................................... 7-2-1
Basic List Operations ........................................................................................ 7-2-1
Inputting Data into a List ................................................................................... 7-2-4
Editing List Contents ......................................................................................... 7-2-7
Sorting List Data................................................................................................ 7-2-8
Controlling the Number of Displayed List Columns........................................... 7-2-9
Clearing All List Editor Data .............................................................................. 7-2-9
7-3 Before Trying to Draw a Statistical Graph.......................................... 7-3-1
Using the SetGraph Menu................................................................................. 7-3-1
Configuring StatGraph Setups .......................................................................... 7-3-2
7-4 Graphing Single-Variable Statistical Data .......................................... 7-4-1
Normal Probability Plot (NPPlot) ....................................................................... 7-4-1
Histogram Bar Graph (Histogram) .................................................................... 7-4-2
Med-Box Plot (MedBox) .................................................................................... 7-4-2
Modified-Box Plot (ModBox) ............................................................................. 7-4-3
Normal Distribution Curve (NDist) ..................................................................... 7-4-3
Broken Line Graph (Broken) ............................................................................. 7-4-4
7-5 Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data .......................................... 7-5-1
Drawing a Scatter Plot and xy Line Graph ........................................................ 7-5-1
Drawing a Regression Graph ............................................................................ 7-5-2
Graphing Previously Calculated Regression Results........................................ 7-5-4
Drawing a Linear Regression Graph ................................................................. 7-5-5
Drawing a Med-Med Graph ............................................................................... 7-5-6
Drawing Quadratic, Cubic, and Quartic Regression Graphs............................. 7-5-7
Drawing a Logarithmic Regression Graph ........................................................ 7-5-9
Drawing a Exponential Regression Graph (y = a·eb·x).................................... 7-5-10
Drawing a Exponential Regression Graph (y = a·bx) .......................................7-5-11
Drawing a Power Regression Graph (y = a·xb) ............................................... 7-5-12
Drawing a Sinusoidal Regression Graph (y = a·sin(b·x + c) + d).................... 7-5-13
c
y
=
Drawing a Logistic Regression Graph (
)..................................... 7-5-14
–b x
·
1 +
a
·
e
Overlaying a Function Graph on a Statistical Graph ....................................... 7-5-15
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7
Contents
7-6 Using the Statistical Graph Window Toolbar ..................................... 7-6-1
7-7 Performing Statistical Calculations .................................................... 7-7-1
Viewing Single-variable Statistical Calculation Results..................................... 7-7-1
Viewing Paired-variable Statistical Calculation Results .................................... 7-7-2
Viewing Regression Calculation Results........................................................... 7-7-3
Residual Calculation ......................................................................................... 7-7-3
Copying a Regression Formula to the Graph & Table Application .................... 7-7-4
7-8 Test, Confidence Interval, and Distribution Calculations ................. 7-8-1
7-9 Tests....................................................................................................... 7-9-1
Test Command List ........................................................................................... 7-9-2
7-10 Confidence Intervals .......................................................................... 7-10-1
Confidence Interval Command List ................................................................. 7-10-2
7-11 Distribution ......................................................................................... 7-11-1
Distribution Command List ...............................................................................7-11-2
7-12 Statistical System Variables .............................................................. 7-12-1
Chapter 8 Using the Geometry Application
8-1 Geometry Application Overview ......................................................... 8-1-1
Starting Up the Geometry Application ............................................................... 8-1-3
Geometry Application Menus and Buttons ........................................................ 8-1-3
8-2 Drawing Figures ................................................................................... 8-2-1
Using the Draw Menu........................................................................................ 8-2-1
Using the Special Shape Submenu .................................................................. 8-2-9
Using the Construct Submenu ........................................................................ 8-2-12
Transformation Using a Matrix or Vector (General Transform) ....................... 8-2-19
8-3 Editing Figures ..................................................................................... 8-3-1
Selecting and Deselecting Figures.................................................................... 8-3-1
Moving and Copying Figures ............................................................................ 8-3-3
Using the Measurement Box ............................................................................. 8-3-4
8-4 Controlling Geometry Window Appearance ...................................... 8-4-1
Configuring View Window Settings ................................................................... 8-4-1
Selecting the Axis Setting.................................................................................. 8-4-1
Toggling Integer Grid Display On and Off ......................................................... 8-4-2
Zooming ............................................................................................................ 8-4-3
Using Pan to Shift the Display Image................................................................ 8-4-5
8-5 Working with Animations..................................................................... 8-5-1
Using Animation Commands ............................................................................. 8-5-1
8-6 Using the Geometry Application with Other Applications ................ 8-6-1
Drag and Drop................................................................................................... 8-6-1
Copy and Paste................................................................................................. 8-6-5
Dynamically Linked Data................................................................................... 8-6-5
8-7 Managing Geometry Application Files ............................................... 8-7-1
File Operations .................................................................................................. 8-7-1
Folder Operations ............................................................................................. 8-7-4
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Chapter 9 Using the Numeric Solver Application
9-1 Numeric Solver Application Overview ................................................ 9-1-1
Starting Up the Numeric Solver Application ...................................................... 9-1-1
Numeric Solver Application Window ................................................................. 9-1-1
Numeric Solver Menus and Buttons.................................................................. 9-1-1
9-2 Using Numeric Solver .......................................................................... 9-2-1
Chapter 10 Using the eActivity Application
10-1 eActivity Application Overview ......................................................... 10-1-1
Starting Up the eActivity Application ............................................................... 10-1-1
eActivity Application Window........................................................................... 10-1-1
eActivity Application Menus and Buttons ........................................................ 10-1-2
eActivity Application Status Bar....................................................................... 10-1-4
eActivity Key Operations ................................................................................. 10-1-4
10-2 Creating an eActivity .......................................................................... 10-2-1
Basic Steps for Creating an eActivity .............................................................. 10-2-1
Managing eActivity Files ................................................................................. 10-2-3
10-3 Inserting Data into an eActivity ......................................................... 10-3-1
Inserting a Text Row........................................................................................ 10-3-1
Inserting a Calculation Row ............................................................................ 10-3-3
Inserting an Application Data Strip .................................................................. 10-3-5
Moving Information Between eActivity and Applications ............................... 10-3-10
Inserting a Geometry Link Row ..................................................................... 10-3-12
10-4 Working with eActivity Files .............................................................. 10-4-1
Opening an Existing eActivity ......................................................................... 10-4-1
Browsing the Contents of an eActivity ............................................................ 10-4-2
Editing the Contents of an eActivity ................................................................ 10-4-2
Expanding an Application Data Strip ............................................................... 10-4-2
Modifying the Data in an Application Data Strip .............................................. 10-4-3
Saving an Edited eActivity............................................................................... 10-4-3
10-5 Transferring eActivity Files ............................................................... 10-5-1
Transferring eActivity Files between Two ClassPad Units .............................. 10-5-1
Transferring eActivity Files between a ClassPad Unit and a Computer .......... 10-5-2
Chapter 11 Using the Presentation Application
11-1 Presentation Application Overview .................................................. 11-1-1
Starting Up the Presentation Application .........................................................11-1-2
Presentation Application Window .....................................................................11-1-2
Presentation Application Menus and Buttons ..................................................11-1-3
Screen Capture Precautions ............................................................................11-1-4
11-2 Building a Presentation ..................................................................... 11-2-1
Adding a Blank Page to a Presentation ...........................................................11-2-2
11-3 Managing Presentation Files ............................................................. 11-3-1
11-4 Playing a Presentation ....................................................................... 11-4-1
Using Auto Play ................................................................................................11-4-1
Using Manual Play ...........................................................................................11-4-2
Using Repeat Play ...........................................................................................11-4-3
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11-5 Editing Presentation Pages ............................................................... 11-5-1
About the Editing Tool Palette ..........................................................................11-5-1
Entering the Editing Mode ................................................................................11-5-1
Editing Operations............................................................................................11-5-3
Using the Eraser ..............................................................................................11-5-7
11-6 Configuring Presentation Preferences ............................................. 11-6-1
11-7 Presentation File Transfer Precautions ............................................ 11-7-1
Chapter 12 Using the Program Application
12-1 Program Application Overview ......................................................... 12-1-1
Starting Up the Program Application ............................................................... 12-1-1
Program Loader Window ................................................................................ 12-1-1
Program Editor Window .................................................................................. 12-1-3
12-2 Creating a New Program .................................................................... 12-2-1
General Programming Steps........................................................................... 12-2-1
Creating and Saving a Program ...................................................................... 12-2-1
Running a Program ......................................................................................... 12-2-5
Pausing Program Execution ........................................................................... 12-2-6
Terminating Program Execution ...................................................................... 12-2-6
Configuring Parameter Variables and Inputting Their Values.......................... 12-2-7
Using Subroutines ........................................................................................... 12-2-8
12-3 Debugging a Program ........................................................................ 12-3-1
Debugging After an Error Message Appears................................................... 12-3-1
Debugging a Program Following Unexpected Results ................................... 12-3-1
Modifying an Existing Program to Create a New One..................................... 12-3-2
Searching for Data Inside a Program .............................................................. 12-3-5
12-4 Managing Files.................................................................................... 12-4-1
Renaming a File .............................................................................................. 12-4-1
Deleting a Program ......................................................................................... 12-4-1
Changing the File Type ................................................................................... 12-4-2
12-5 User-defined Functions ..................................................................... 12-5-1
Creating a New User-defined Function ........................................................... 12-5-1
Executing a User-defined Function ................................................................. 12-5-3
Editing a User-defined Function ...................................................................... 12-5-4
Deleting a User-defined Function.................................................................... 12-5-4
12-6 Program Command Reference .......................................................... 12-6-1
Using This Reference...................................................................................... 12-6-1
Program Application Commands..................................................................... 12-6-2
Application Command List ............................................................................ 12-6-15
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12-7 Including ClassPad Functions in Programs .................................... 12-7-1
Including Graphing Functions in a Program .................................................... 12-7-1
Using Conics Functions in a Program ............................................................. 12-7-1
Including 3D Graphing Functions in a Program .............................................. 12-7-2
Including Table & Graph Functions in a Program............................................ 12-7-2
Including Recursion Table and Recursion Graph Functions in a Program...... 12-7-3
Including List Sort Functions in a Program ..................................................... 12-7-3
Including Statistical Graphing and Calculation Functions in a Program.......... 12-7-4
Chapter 13 Using the Spreadsheet Application
13-1 Spreadsheet Application Overview................................................... 13-1-1
Starting Up the Spreadsheet Application ........................................................ 13-1-1
Spreadsheet Window ...................................................................................... 13-1-1
13-2 Spreadsheet Application Menus and Buttons ................................. 13-2-1
13-3 Basic Spreadsheet Window Operations........................................... 13-3-1
About the Cell Cursor ...................................................................................... 13-3-1
Controlling Cell Cursor Movement .................................................................. 13-3-1
Navigating Around the Spreadsheet Window ................................................. 13-3-2
Hiding or Displaying the Scrollbars ................................................................. 13-3-4
Selecting Cells ................................................................................................ 13-3-5
Using the Cell Viewer Window ........................................................................ 13-3-6
13-4 Editing Cell Contents ......................................................................... 13-4-1
Edit Mode Screen............................................................................................ 13-4-1
Entering the Edit Mode.................................................................................... 13-4-2
Basic Data Input Steps.................................................................................... 13-4-3
Inputting a Formula ......................................................................................... 13-4-4
Inputting a Cell Reference............................................................................... 13-4-6
Inputting a Constant ........................................................................................ 13-4-8
Using the Fill Sequence Command................................................................. 13-4-8
Cut and Copy ................................................................................................ 13-4-10
Paste ..............................................................................................................13-4-11
Specifying Text or Calculation as the Data Type for a Particular Cell ........... 13-4-13
Using Drag and Drop to Copy Cell Data within a Spreadsheet .................... 13-4-14
Using Drag and Drop to Obtain Spreadsheet Graph Data ............................ 13-4-16
13-5 Using the Spreadsheet Application with the eActivity
Application .......................................................................................... 13-5-1
Drag and Drop................................................................................................. 13-5-1
13-6 Using the Action Menu ....................................................................... 13-6-1
Spreadsheet [Action] Menu Basics ................................................................. 13-6-1
Action Menu Functions.................................................................................... 13-6-4
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13-7 Formatting Cells and Data ................................................................. 13-7-1
Standard (Fractional) and Decimal (Approximate) Modes .............................. 13-7-1
Plain Text and Bold Text .................................................................................. 13-7-1
Text and Calculation Data Types..................................................................... 13-7-1
Text Alignment ................................................................................................. 13-7-2
Number Format ............................................................................................... 13-7-2
Changing the Width of a Column .................................................................... 13-7-3
13-8 Graphing.............................................................................................. 13-8-1
Graph Menu .................................................................................................... 13-8-1
Graph Window Menus and Toolbar ................................................................. 13-8-8
Basic Graphing Steps ....................................................................................13-8-11
Other Graph Window Operations .................................................................. 13-8-13
Chapter 14 Using the Setup Menu
14-1 Setup Menu Overview ........................................................................ 14-1-1
14-2 Using the Setup Menu ........................................................................ 14-2-1
Specifying a Variable....................................................................................... 14-2-2
Initializing All Setup Menu Settings ................................................................. 14-2-3
14-3 Setup Menu Settings .......................................................................... 14-3-1
Basic Format Dialog Box................................................................................. 14-3-1
Graph Format Dialog Box ............................................................................... 14-3-4
3D Format Dialog Box ..................................................................................... 14-3-6
Presentation Dialog Box.................................................................................. 14-3-7
Communication Dialog Box ............................................................................. 14-3-8
Chapter 15 Configuring System Settings
15-1 System Setting Overview................................................................... 15-1-1
Starting Up the System Application ................................................................. 15-1-1
System Application Window ............................................................................ 15-1-1
System Application Menus and Buttons .......................................................... 15-1-2
15-2 Managing Memory Usage .................................................................. 15-2-1
Memory Usage Sheets.................................................................................... 15-2-1
Deleting Memory Usage Data ......................................................................... 15-2-3
15-3 Using the Reset Dialog Box............................................................... 15-3-1
15-4 Initializing Your ClassPad .................................................................. 15-4-1
15-5 Adjusting Display Contrast ............................................................... 15-5-1
15-6 Configuring Power Properties........................................................... 15-6-1
Power Saving Mode ........................................................................................ 15-6-1
Auto Power Off ................................................................................................ 15-6-1
Configuring Power Properties ......................................................................... 15-6-2
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15-7 Specifying the Display Language ..................................................... 15-7-1
15-8 Specifying the Font Set...................................................................... 15-8-1
15-9 Specifying the Alphabetic Keyboard Arrangement ......................... 15-9-1
15-10 Optimizing “Flash ROM”.................................................................. 15-10-1
15-11 Specifying the Ending Screen Image ............................................. 15-11-1
15-12 Adjusting Touch Panel Alignment .................................................. 15-12-1
15-13 Viewing Version Information ........................................................... 15-13-1
Chapter 16 Performing Data Communication
16-1 Data Communication Overview......................................................... 16-1-1
Connectable Devices and Transferable Data ................................................. 16-1-1
Using the ClassPad Communication Application ............................................ 16-1-3
16-2 Connecting the ClassPad to Another Device................................... 16-2-1
Connecting to Another ClassPad Unit ............................................................. 16-2-1
Connecting to an EA-200 Data Analyzer ........................................................ 16-2-2
Connecting to a Computer (USB) ................................................................... 16-2-3
16-3 Configuring Communication Parameters ........................................ 16-3-1
Wakeup ........................................................................................................... 16-3-2
16-4 Transferring Data to Another ClassPad Unit.................................... 16-4-1
Selecting Data for Transfer ............................................................................. 16-4-3
Sending a Screenshot of the Current Display Contents ................................. 16-4-5
Communication Standby ................................................................................. 16-4-6
Interrupting an Ongoing Data Communication Operation ............................... 16-4-6
Appendix
1 Resetting and Initializing the ClassPad............................................. α-1-1
2 Deleting an Application ....................................................................... α-2-1
3 Power Supply ........................................................................................α-3-1
4 Number of Digits and Precision ......................................................... α-4-1
5 Specifications .......................................................................................α-5-1
6 Character Code Table .......................................................................... α-6-1
7 System Variable Table ......................................................................... α-7-1
8 Command and Function Index ........................................................... α-8-1
9 Graph Types and Executable Functions ........................................... α-9-1
10 Error Message Table.......................................................................... α-10-1
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0-1-1
About This User’s Guide
0
About This User’s Guide
This section explains the symbols that are used in this user’s guide to represent keys, stylus
operations, display elements, and other items you encounter while operating your ClassPad.
ClassPad Keypad and Icon Panel
2 Icon panel
s
m
M
r
S
h
3 Cursor key
y
=
(
x
7
4
1
0
z
÷
i
−
+
EXE
^
9
1 Keypad
8
5
)
6
,
2
.
3
EXP
(–)
1 Keypad
ClassPad keypad keys are represented by illustrations that look like the keys you need to
press.
Example 1: Key within text
Press the k to show the soft keyboard.
Example 2: A series of key operations
c2+3-4+10E
When you see something like the above, simply press the keys in the indicated sequence,
from left to right.
2 Icon panel
An operation that requires tapping an icon on the icon panel is indicated by an illustration of
the icon.
Example 1: Tap m to display the application menu.
Example 2: Tap
to cancel an ongoing operation.
3 Cursor key
Operation of the cursor key is represented by arrow buttons that indicate which part of the
cursor key you need to press: f, c, d, e.
Example 1: Use d or e to move the cursor around the display.
Example 2: dddd
The above example means that you should press d four times.
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0-1-2
About This User’s Guide
On-screen Keys, Menus, and Other Controllers
4 Menu bar
5 Toolbar
Tabs
6 Soft keyboard
4 Menu bar
Menu names and commands are indicated in text by enclosing them inside of brackets.
The following examples show typical menu operations.
Example 1: Tap the O menu and then tap [Keyboard].
Example 2: Tap [Analysis], [Sketch], and then [Line].
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0-1-3
About This User’s Guide
5 Toolbar
Toolbar button operations are indicated by illustrations that look like the button you need to
tap.
Example 1: Tap $ to graph the functions.
Example 2: Tap ( to open the List Editor window.
6 Soft keyboard
Key operations on the soft keyboards that appear when you press the k key are
indicated by illustrations that look like the keyboard keys.
You can change from one keyboard type to another by tapping one of the tabs along the top
of the soft keyboard.
Example 1: baa/gw
Example 2: )Ngce*fw
Important!
• If a procedure in this User’s Guide requires use of a soft keyboard, press the k key to
display the soft keyboard. The k key operation is not included as one of the procedure
steps. For more details about how to input data on the ClassPad, see “1-6 Input”.
Page Contents
Three-part page numbers are centered at the top of each
1-4-2
Built-in Applications
page. The page number “1-4-2”, for example, indicates
Chapter 1, Section 4, page 2.
Starting
Perform the steps below to start
a
Built-in Application
a
built-in application.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the icon panel, tap
m
to display the application menu.
Scroll up button
Scrollbar
Scroll down button
Application Menu
(2) If you cannot see the icon of the application you want on the menu, tap the scroll
buttons or drag the scroll bar to bring other icons into view.
(3) Tap an icon to start its application.
Tip
•
You can also start the Main application by tapping
Panel” for details.
M
on the icon panel. See “1-3 Using the Icon
Application Menu Operations
The following describes the various types of operations you can perform while the
application menu is on the display.
•
•
•
•
Starting an application
See “Starting Built-in Application” above.
a
Displaying applications according to group (Additional Applications, All Applications)
See “Using Application Groups” on page 1-4-3.
Moving or swapping icons
See “Moving an Icon” on page 1-4-3, and “Swapping Two Icons” on page 1-4-4.
Deleting an application
See “Deleting an Application” on page α-2-1.
20024102801
Note
Display examples shown in this User’s Guide are intended for illustrative purposes only.
The actual text and values that appear on display may differ from the examples shown in this
User’s Guide.
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1
Chapter
Getting Acquainted
1-1 General Guide
1-2 Turning Power On and Off
1-3 Using the Icon Panel
1-4 Built-in Applications
1-5 Built-in Application Basic Operations
1-6 Input
1-7 Variables and Folders
1-8 Using the Variable Manager
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1-1-1
General Guide
1-1 General Guide
Front
Side
@
1
2
3
s m M r S h
6
7
8
y
=
(
x
z
÷
i
−
+
EXE
^
9
7
8
5
9
)
4
1
0
6
4
5
,
!
2
.
3
EXP
(–)
0
Back
# $
P
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1-1-2
General Guide
General Guide
The numbers next to each of the items below correspond to the numbers in the illustration on
page 1-1-1.
Front
1 Touch screen
The touch screen shows calculation formulas, calculation results, graphs and other
information. The stylus that comes with the ClassPad can be used to input data and perform
other operations by tapping directly on the touch screen.
2 Stylus
This stylus is specially designed for performing touch screen operations. The stylus slips into
a holder on the right side of the ClassPad for storage when it is not in use. For more
information, see “Using the Stylus” on page 1-1-4.
3 Icon panel
Tapping an icon executes the function assigned to it. See “1-3 Using the Icon Panel” for
details.
4 o key
Press this key to toggle ClassPad power on and off. See “1-2 Turning Power On and Off” for
details.
5 c key
• Pressing this key while inputting data clears all of the data you have input up to that point.
For details, see “Input Basics” on page 1-6-3.
• Pressing the c key while a calculation operation is in progress interrupts the
calculation. For details, see “Pausing and Terminating an Operation” on page 1-5-10.
6 Cursor key (fcde)
Use the cursor key to move the text cursor, selection highlighting, and other selection tools
around the display.
7 k key
Press this key to toggle display of the soft keyboard on and off. For details, see “Using the
Soft Keyboard” on page 1-6-1.
8 K key
• Pressing this key while inputting numeric, expression, or text data deletes one character to
the left of the current cursor position. For details, see “Input Basics” on page 1-6-3.
• Pressing the K key while a calculation operation is in progress pauses the calculation.
For details, see “Pausing and Terminating an Operation” on page 1-5-10.
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1-1-3
General Guide
9 Keypad
Use these keys to input the values and operators marked on them. See “1-6 Input” for
details.
0 E key
Press this key to execute a calculation operation.
Side
! 3-pin data communication port
Connect the data communication cable here to communicate with another ClassPad unit or a
CASIO Data Analyzer. See “Chapter 16 – Performing Data Communication” for details.
@ 4-pin mini USB port
Connect the data communication cable here to exchange data with a computer. See
“Chapter 16 – Performing Data Communication” for details.
Back
# Battery compartment
Holds the four AAA-size batteries that power the ClassPad. For details, see “Power Supply”
on page α-3-1.
$ P button
Press this button to reset the ClassPad. For details, see “Performing the RAM Reset
Operation” on page α-1-2.
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1-1-4
General Guide
Using the Stylus
Most value and formula input, command executions, and other operations can be performed
using the stylus.
k Things you can do with the stylus
• This is equivalent to clicking with a mouse.
• To perform a tap operation, tap lightly with the
stylus on the ClassPad’s touch screen.
• Tapping is used to display a menu, execute an
on-screen button operation, make a window
active, etc.
Tap
• This is equivalent to dragging with a mouse.
• To perform a drag operation, hold the tip of
the stylus on the touch screen as you move
the stylus to another location.
Drag
• Dragging is used to change the setting of a
slider or some other on-screen controller, to
move a formula, etc.
Important!
• Be sure that you do not misplace or lose the stylus. Keep the stylus in the holder on the
right side of the ClassPad whenever you are not using it.
• Do not allow the tip of the stylus to become damaged. Using a stylus with a damaged tip to
perform touch screen operations can damage the touch screen.
• Use only the stylus that comes with your ClassPad or some other similar instrument to
perform touch screen operations. Never use a pen, pencil or other writing instrument, which
can damage the touch screen.
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1-2-1
Turning Power On and Off
1-2 Turning Power On and Off
Turning Power On
You can turn on the ClassPad either by pressing the o key or by tapping the touch
screen with the stylus.
• Turning on the ClassPad (while it is in the sleep state) displays the window that was on the
display when you last turned it off. See “Resume Function” below.
• Note that you need to perform a few initial setup operations when you turn on the ClassPad
the first time after purchasing it. For details, see “Getting Ready” at the beginning of this
user’s guide (page 1).
Turning Power Off
To turn off the ClassPad, hold down the o key for about two seconds, or until the ending
screen appears. For details about the ending screen, see “15-11 Specifying the Ending
Screen Image”.
Important!
The ClassPad also has an Auto Power Off feature. This feature automatically turns the
ClassPad off when it is idle for a specified amount of time. For details, see “Auto Power Off”
on page 15-6-1.
Though the screen of your ClassPad goes blank when you turn it off, it continues to perform
certain internal processes for a short while. Because of this, you should always wait for a
minute or so after turning off the ClassPad before turning it back on again.
Resume Function
Any time the ClassPad powers down (because you turn off power or because of Auto Power
Off), the Resume function automatically backs up its current operational status and any data
in RAM, and the ClassPad enters a “sleep state”. If you turn ClassPad power back on while it
is in the sleep state, the Resume function restores the backed up operational status and
RAM data.
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1-2-2
Turning Power On and Off
Limiting the Duration of the Sleep State
You can use the [Power Save Mode] setting (page 15-6-1) to limit the duration of the sleep
state that is entered by the Resume function. If you have “1 day” specified for [Power Save
Mode], for example, the ClassPad remains in the sleep state for one day after power is
turned off. After that, the ClassPad powers down completely, which deletes all data that was
backed up by the Resume function.
The following describes the difference between powering up from the sleep state and
powering up after the ClassPad powers down completely.
k Powering Up from the Sleep State
Power comes on immediately, with all data backed up by the Resume function restored.
k Powering Up after Complete Power Down
1. Press the o key or tap the ClassPad screen.
• This causes the ClassPad to perform it startup routine, which takes a little time to
complete.
2. The application menu will appear after you finish the touch panel alignment procedure.
Tip
• See “15-6 Configuring Power Properties” for information about changing the [Power Save Mode]
setting.
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1-3-1
Using the Icon Panel
1-3 Using the Icon Panel
The icon panel of seven permanent icons is located below the touch screen.
Tapping an icon executes the function assigned to it.
The table below explains what you can do with the icon panel icons.
Function
When you want to do this:
Tap this icon:
Display the [Settings] menu to set up the ClassPad
See “Using the Settings Menu” on page 1-5-8.
s
Display the application menu
m
M
See “1-4 Built-in Applications” for details.
Start the Main application
See “Chapter 2 – Using the Main Application” for details.
Resize the currently active window (when there are two windows
displayed) so it fills the entire display, or return to the dual window
display again
r
S
See “Using a Dual Window Display” on page 1-5-1.
Swap the upper window and lower window (when there are two
windows displayed)
See “Using a Dual Window Display” on page 1-5-1.
Capture the currently displayed screen for transfer to a computer or for
use with the ClassPad’s presentation application
See “Chapter 11 – Using the Presentation Application” and
“Chapter 16 – Performing Data Communication”.
h
Perform the same operation as a computer’s ESC key
The actual operation performed when this icon is tapped depends on
the application you are currently using.
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1-4-1
Built-in Applications
1-4 Built-in Applications
Tapping m on the icon panel displays the application menu.
The table below shows the icon menu names of the built-in applications, and explains what
you can do with each application.
To perform this type of operation:
Select this icon: See Chapter:
• General calculations, including function calculations
• Matrix calculations
2
• Computer Algebra System
•
Access the eActivity function
10
7
• Create a list of data
• Perform statistical calculations
• Draw a statistical graph
• Input data into a spreadsheet
• Manipulate spreadsheet data
• Graph spreadsheet data
13
• Register a function and create a table of solutions by
substituting different values for the function’s variables
• Draw a graph
3
6
• Perform sequence calculations
• Solve recursion expressions
4
• Draw the graph of a conics section
• Graph the 3D function
z
=
f(x,y)
5
• Draw geometric figures
• Build animated figures
8
• Obtain the value of any variable in an equation,
without transforming or simplifying the equation
9
• Create and run a presentation using ClassPad
application window
11
12
16
15
• Register a file name in the programming area
• Input a program or run a program
• Exchange data with another ClassPad, a computer,
or another device
• Clear the memory
• Adjust contrast
• Configure other system settings
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1-4-2
Built-in Applications
Starting a Built-in Application
Perform the steps below to start a built-in application.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the icon panel, tap m to display the application menu.
Scroll up button
Scrollbar
Scroll down button
Application Menu
(2) If you cannot see the icon of the application you want on the menu, tap the scroll
buttons or drag the scroll bar to bring other icons into view.
(3) Tap an icon to start its application.
Tip
• You can also start the Main application by tapping M on the icon panel. See “1-3 Using the Icon
Panel” for details.
Application Menu Operations
The following describes the various types of operations you can perform while the
application menu is on the display.
• Starting an application
See “Starting a Built-in Application” above.
• Displaying applications according to group (Additional Applications, All Applications)
See “Using Application Groups” on page 1-4-3.
• Moving or swapping icons
See “Moving an Icon” on page 1-4-3, and “Swapping Two Icons” on page 1-4-4.
• Deleting an application
See “Deleting an Application” on page α-2-1.
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1-4-3
Built-in Applications
k Using Application Groups
You can use application groups to specify the type of applications that appear on the
application menu.
To select an application group, tap the box in the upper right of the application menu, and
then select the group you want from the list that appears.
To display these icons:
Add-in applications only
All applications
Select this application group:
Additional
All
Tip
• Nothing appears on the application menu if you select the “Additional” group while there are no
add-in applications installed on the ClassPad.
k Moving an Icon
You can use the procedure below to move an icon to a different location on the application
menu.
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1-4-4
Built-in Applications
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the icon panel, tap m to display the application menu.
(2) Tap s to display the [Settings] menu.
(3) Tap [Move Icon].
(4) Tap the icon you want to move (J in this example).
• This selects the icon.
(5) Tap the icon that you want the first icon to follow (C in this example).
• This moves the icon.
k Swapping Two Icons
Perform the following steps to swap two icons on the application menu.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the icon panel, tap m to display the application menu.
(2) Tap s to display the [Settings] menu.
(3) Tap [Swap Icon].
(4) Tap one of the icons.
• This selects the icon.
(5) Tap the other icon (the one you want to swap with).
• This swaps the icons.
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1-5-1
Built-in Application Basic Operations
1-5 Built-in Application Basic Operations
This section explains basic information and operations that are common to all of the built-in
applications.
Application Window
The following shows the basic configuration of a built-in application window.
}
}
Menu bar
Toolbar
Application window
Soft keyboard (page 1-6-1)
Status bar
}
Using a Dual Window Display
Many applications split the display between an upper window and a lower window, each of
which shows different information. The sample screenshot below is from the Conics
application, which uses the upper window for input of expressions, and the lower window for
graphing.
Upper window
Lower window
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1-5-2
Built-in Application Basic Operations
When using two windows, the currently selected window (the one where you can perform
operations) is called the “active window”. The menu bar, toolbar, and status bar contents are
all applicable to the active window. The active window is indicated by a thick boundary
around it.
u To switch the active window
While a dual window is on the display, tap anywhere inside the window that does not have a
thick boundary around it to make it the active window.
• Note that you cannot switch the active window while an operation is being performed in the
current active window.
u To resize the active window so it fills the display
While a dual window is on the display, tap r. This causes the active window to fill the
display. To return to the dual window display, tap r again.
u To swap the upper and lower windows
While a dual window is on the display, tap S. This causes the upper window to become the
lower window, and vice versa. Swapping windows does not have any affect on their active
status. If the upper window is active when you tap S for example, the window will remain
active after it becomes the lower window.
Using the Menu Bar
The menu bar appears along the top of the window of each application. It shows the menus
that you can access for the currently active window.
}
Menu bar
Tapping the menu bar menu displays its commands, options, and settings from which you
can choose the one you want. Some menu items have a single selection as shown in
Example 1, below, while other menu items display a submenu of selections from which you
can choose as shown in Example 2.
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1-5-3
Built-in Application Basic Operations
Example 1: Choosing the [Edit] menu’s [Copy] item
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Tap [Edit].
(2) Tap [Copy].
• This displays the contents of the
[Edit] menu.
• This performs a copy operation.
Example 2: Choosing [lim], which is on the [Calculation] submenu of the [Action] menu.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Tap [Action].
(2) Tap [Calculation].
• This displays the contents of the
[Action] menu.
• This displays the contents of the
[Calculation] submenu.
(3) Tap [lim].
• This inputs “lim(”.
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1-5-4
Built-in Application Basic Operations
Using the
O
Menu
The O menu appears at the top left of the window of each application, except for the
System application.
k O Menu Items
The following describes all of the items that appear on the O menu.
1
2
3
4
1 Tapping [Settings] displays the [Setup] submenu, which you can use to configure
ClassPad settings. For more information, see “Using the Settings Menu” on page 1-5-8.
2 Tap [Keyboard] to toggle display of the soft keyboard on and off.
3 This area shows a list of all of the windows that can be accessed from the current
application (Graph & Table application in this example). Tapping a menu selection
displays the corresponding window and makes it active. For details, see “Using the O
Menu to Access Windows” on page 1-5-5.
4 Tapping [Close] closes the currently active window, except in the following cases.
• When only one window is on the display
• When the currently active window cannot be closed by the application being used
You cannot, for example, close the Graph Editor window from the Graph & Table
application.
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1-5-5
Built-in Application Basic Operations
k Using the O Menu to Access Windows
Most ClassPad applications support simultaneous display of two windows. When two
windows are on the display, the one with a thick selection boundary around it is the active
window. The displayed menu and toolbar are the ones for the currently active window.
You can use the O menu to change the active window and to display the window you want.
u Window Selection Example (Graph & Table)
e
e
(1) Graph window is active.
(2) Tap O and then [Graph (3) Graph Editor window
Editor].
becomes active.
e
e
(5) List Editor window
(4) Tap O and then
appears and
[List Editor].
becomes active.
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1-5-6
Built-in Application Basic Operations
Using Check Boxes
A check box shows the current status of a dialog box option that can be turned on or off. An
option is turned on (selected) when its check box has a check mark inside it. An option is
turned off when a check box is cleared.
Tapping a check box toggles the option on (checked) and off (cleared).
Option turned on
Option turned off
Check boxes also appear on menus. Menu check boxes operate the same way as dialog
box check boxes.
Option turned on
Option turned off
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1-5-7
Built-in Application Basic Operations
Using Option Buttons
Option buttons are used on dialog boxes that present you with a list of options from which
you can select only one. A black option button indicates the currently selected option, while
the buttons of the options that are not selected are white.
Tap “Français”.
This selects “Français” and
deselects “English”.
Option buttons also appear on menus. Menu option buttons operate the same way as dialog
box option buttons.
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1-5-8
Built-in Application Basic Operations
Using the Settings Menu
You can access the [Settings] menu by tapping s on the icon panel, or by tapping the
menu bar’s O menu and then selecting the [Settings] submenu.
The [Settings] menu contains a number of basic preferences that are applied globally to all of
the ClassPad’s built-in applications. The table below shows all of the submenus and
commands that are included on the [Settings] menu.
Submenus/Menu Items
Basic Format
Description
Graph Format
3D Format
Presentation
Displays a dialog box for configuring the
corresponding setup settings. See “14-3 Setup
Menu Settings” for details.
Setup
Communication
Returns all settings to their initial defaults (except
for the current folder setting). See “14-3 Setup
Menu Settings” for details.
Default Setup
Displays a dialog box for configuring the display
range and other graph settings. For details, see
the explanations for the various applications with
graphing capabilities (Graph & Table, Conics, 3D
Graph, Statistics, etc.)
View Window
Starts up the Variable Manager. See “1-8 Using
the Variable Manager” for details.
Variable Manager
Resizes the currently active window, when a dual
window is on the display, to fill the entire display.
Full Screen
Switches the display to a dual window with two
windows, when a single window fills the entire
screen, in an application that supports dual
window.
Half Screen
Window
Form
Switches the windows, when a dual window is on
the display, to make the upper window the lower
window, and vice versa. This item performs the
Swap Screen
same function as the icon panel’s
icon.
Returns the window display status to the initial
default for the current application.
Default Screen State
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1-5-9
Built-in Application Basic Operations
Using the Toolbar
The toolbar is located directly underneath the menu bar of an application window. It contains
the buttons for the currently active window.
}
Toolbar
k Toolbar Buttons
Normally, you tap a button to execute the command assigned to it. Some buttons, however,
have a down arrow v next to them. Tapping the arrow displays a list of options from which
you can select.
List of options
k Toggling between Multiple Toolbars
With some applications, not all of the buttons can fit on a single toolbar. When this happens,
the buttons that cannot fit are placed onto a second toolbar. When there are two toolbars,
each of them has an arrow button on the far right. Toolbar 1 has a u button while toolbar 2
has a t button. Tapping an arrow button toggles between the two toolbars.
Tap here to toggle
Tip
• The explanations in this manual make no distinction between toolbar 1 and toolbar 2.
Even if a button is located on toolbar 2 (like the
instructed simply to “tap ”.
button in the above example) you will be
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1-5-10
Built-in Application Basic Operations
Interpreting Status Bar Information
The status bar appears along the bottom of the window of each application.
Status bar
1
2
3
1 Information about current application
2 Battery level indicator
....................... full
....................... medium
....................... low
3 This indicator flashes between and while an operation is being performed.
appears here to indicate when an operation is paused.
Important!
• Be sure to replace batteries as soon as possible whenever the battery level indicator
shows
(medium).
• Replace batteries immediately whenever the battery level indicator shows
this level, you will not be able to perform data communication or other functions.
(low). At
• The following message indicates that batteries are about to die. Replace batteries
immediately whenever this message appears.
Batteries are extremely low!
Replace batteries immediately!
• See page α-3-2 for details about replacing batteries.
Pausing and Terminating an Operation
Many of the built-in applications provide operations to pause and terminate (break)
expression processing, graphing, and other operations.
k Pausing an Operation
Pressing the K key while an expression processing, graphing, or other operation is
being performed pauses the operation. Pressing K again resumes the operation.
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1-5-11
Built-in Application Basic Operations
Example: To pause a graphing operation and then resume it
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Use the Graph & Table application to draw a graph.
• For details about graphing, see “Chapter 3 – Using the Graph & Table Application”.
(2) While the graph is being drawn, press the K key.
• This pauses the draw operation and displays on
the right side of the status bar.
Draw is paused at the point
where K is pressed.
(3) To resume the operation, press the K key again.
• This resumes the draw operation, which continues
until the graph is complete.
k Terminating an Operation (Break)
Pressing the c key while an expression processing, graphing, or other operation is
being performed terminates the operation.
Example: To terminate a graphing operation
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Use the Graph & Table application to draw a graph.
• For details about graphing, see “Chapter 3 – Using the Graph & Table Application”.
(2) While the graph is being drawn, press the c key.
• This terminates the draw operation and displays the Break dialog box, indicating the
Break state.
Break dialog box
(3) To exit the Break state, tap the [OK] button.
• This returns the ClassPad to its status before you started the graphing operation.
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1-6-1
Input
1-6 Input
You can input data on the ClassPad using its keypad or by using the on-screen soft
keyboard.
Virtually all data input required by your ClassPad can be performed using the soft keyboard.
The keypad keys are used for input of frequently used data like numbers, arithmetic
operators, etc.
Using the Soft Keyboard
The soft keyboard is displayed in the lower part of the touch screen. A variety of different
special-purpose soft keyboard styles help to take much of the work out of data input.
u To display the soft keyboard
When the soft keyboard is not on the touch screen, press the k key, or tap the O
menu and then tap [Keyboard]. This causes the soft keyboard to appear.
Press k.
The soft
keyboard
appears.
• Pressing the k key again hides the soft keyboard.
• The icon panel’s r and S icons are disabled while the soft keyboard is on the display.
For details about r and S, see “Using a Dual Window Display” on page 1-5-1.
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1-6-2
Input
k Soft Keyboard Styles
There are four different soft keyboard styles as described below.
• Math (mth) Keyboard
Pressing k will display the keyboard that you last
displayed while working in that application. If you quit the
application and go into another application, then the 9
(default) soft keyboard appears.
You can use the math (mth) keyboard to input values,
variables, and expressions. Tap each lower button to see
additional characters, for example tap [CALC]. For more
information, see “Using the Math (mth) Keyboard” on page
1-6-8.
• Alphabet (abc) Keyboard
Use this keyboard to input alphabetic characters, Greek
characters, and other characters, as well as logical
symbols and other numeric symbols. Tap one of the
buttons along the bottom of the keyboard to see additional
characters, for example, tap [MATH]. For more information,
see “Using the Alphabet (abc) Keyboard” on page 1-6-10.
• Catalog (cat) Keyboard
This keyboard provides a scrollable list that can be used to
input built-in functions, built-in commands, system
variables, and user-defined functions. Tap a command to
select it and then tap it again to insert it. Selecting an item
from the Form list changes the available commands. For
more information, see “Using the Catalog (cat) Keyboard”
on page 1-6-13.
• 2D Keyboard
This keyboard displays various templates for natural input
of fractions, exponential values, matrices, differential and
integral calculus expressions, etc. Note that natural input is
available in most ClassPad applications. Natural input
cannot be used in the geometry measurement box or when
entering data into a list. For more information, see “Using
the 2D Keyboard” on page 1-6-15.
Tip
• 2D math symbols are easy to use. Just tap the image of the symbol you would like to use and it
will appear in your application.
• 2D math symbols can be used in most applications.
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1-6-3
Input
k Selecting a Soft Keyboard Style
Tap one of the tabs along the top of the soft keyboard (9, 0, (, or )) to select
the keyboard style you want.
Tap here.
To display the 2D
keyboard
Input Basics
This section includes a number of examples that illustrate how to perform basic input
procedures. All of the procedures assume the following.
• The Main application is running.
For details, see “Starting a Built-in Application” on page 1-4-2.
• The soft keyboard is displayed.
For details, see “Using the Soft Keyboard” on page 1-6-1.
k Inputting a Calculation Expression
You can input a calculation expression just as it is written, and press the E key to execute
it. The ClassPad automatically determines the priority sequence of addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division, and parenthetical expressions.
• Before starting any calculation, be sure to clear the ClassPad by pressing c.
See Chapter 2 for more information about inputting expressions.
• Use the z or - key to input the minus sign before a negative value.
Example 1: To simplify –2 + 3 – 4 + 10
u ClassPad Operation
Using the keypad keys
cz2+3-4+10E
Using the soft keyboard
Tap the keys of the math (mth) keyboard or the 2D keyboard to input the calculation
expression.
c9-c+d-e+baw
When the soft keyboard is not on the touch screen, press the k key, or tap the O
menu and then tap [Keyboard]. This causes the soft keyboard to appear on the display.
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1-6-4
Input
Example 2: To simplify 2 (5 + 4) ÷ (23 × 5)
u ClassPad Operation
Using the keypad keys
c2(5+4)/(23*5)E
Using the soft keyboard
Tap the keys of the math (mth) keyboard or the 2D keyboard to input the calculation
expression.
c9 (or )) c(f+e)/(cd*f)w
Tip
• As shown in Example 1 and Example 2, you can input simple arithmetic calculations using either
the keypad keys or the soft keyboard. Input using the soft keyboard is required to input higher
level calculation expressions, functions, variables, etc.
k Editing Input
The following are the different techniques you can use to edit your input.
u To change something right after you input it
When the cursor is located at the end of your input, press K to delete the character or
operator you want to edit.
Example: To change the expression 369 × 3 to 369 × 2
(1) c369*3
(2) K
(3) 2
Tip
• Or, drag your stylus across 3 to select it and input 2.
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1-6-5
Input
u To delete an unneeded key operation
Use dand e to move the cursor to the location immediately to the right of the key
operation you want to delete, and then press K. Each press of K deletes one
command to the left of the cursor.
Example: To change the expression 369 × × 2 to 369 × 2
(1) c369**2
(2) dK
Tip
• You can move the cursor without using the cursor key by tapping at the destination with the
stylus. This causes the cursor to jump to the location where you tap.
u To correct a calculation expression
Use d and e to move the cursor to the location immediately to the right of the location
you want to correct, and then press K.
Example: To correct cos(60) so it becomes sin(60)
(1) Use the mathematics (mth) keyboard to input “cos(60)”.
c9Tcga)
Tapping the T key causes it to
change to I and displays a key set
for inputting trigonometric functions.
(2) Move the cursor to the location immediately to the right of “cos(”.
ddd
(3) Delete “cos(”.
KKKK
(4) Input “sin(”.
s
(5) Tap I to return to the initial math (mth) key set. See “Using the Math (mth)
Keyboard” on page 1-6-8 for details.
Tip
• Or, drag your stylus across “cos(” to select it and input “sin(”.
After you make all of the changes you want, press E to calculate the result. To continue
inputting the calculation, press e to move the cursor to the end of the calculation, and input
what you want.
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1-6-6
Input
u To insert new input into the middle of an existing calculation expression
Use d or e to move the cursor to the location where you want to insert new input, and
then input what you want.
Example: To change 2.362 to sin(2.362)
(1) c9c.dgx
(2) dddddd
(3) Ts
Tip
• You can move the cursor without using the cursor key by tapping at the destination with the
stylus. This causes the cursor to jump to the location where you tap.
u To replace a range of input with new input
After you drag the stylus across the range of input that you want to replace, enter the new
input.
Example: To replace the “234” of “1234567” with “0”.
(1) Input “1234567”.
c1234567
(2) Drag the stylus across “234” to select it.
(3) Input “0”.
0
Tip
• You can perform d and K key operations by pressing the corresponding keypad key or soft
key.
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1-6-7
Input
k Using the Clipboard for Copy and Paste
You can copy (or cut) a function, command, or other input to the ClassPad’s clipboard, and
then paste the clipboard contents at another location.
u To copy characters
(1) Drag the stylus across the characters you
want to copy to select them.
(2) On the soft keyboard, tap G.
• This puts a copy of the selected characters onto
the clipboard.
The selected characters are not
changed when you copy them.
Tip
• You can also copy characters by tapping the [Edit] menu and then tap [Copy].
u To cut characters
(1) Drag the stylus across the characters you want to
cut to select them.
(2) On the soft keyboard, tap
.
• This moves the selected characters onto
the clipboard.
Cutting causes the original
characters to be deleted.
Tip
• Performing a copy or cut operation causes the clipboard contents to be replaced by the newly
copied or cut characters.
• You can also cut characters by tapping the [Edit] menu and then tap [Cut].
u To paste the clipboard contents
(1) Move the cursor to the location where you want to
paste the clipboard contents.
(2) On the soft keyboard, tap H.
• This pastes the clipboard contents at the current
cursor location.
Tip
• The clipboard contents remain on the clipboard after you paste them. This means you can paste
the current contents as many times as you like.
• You can also paste the clipboard contents by tapping the [Edit] menu and then tap [Paste].
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1-6-8
Input
u Copying and pasting in the message box
The “message box” is a 1-line input and display area under the Graph window (see Chapter
3).
Message box
You can use the two buttons to the right of the message box to copy the message box
contents (G button), or to paste the clipboard contents to the message box (H button).
Copy and paste are performed the same way as the copy and paste operations using the
soft keyboard.
Advanced Soft Keyboard Operations
As explained in “Using the Soft Keyboard” on page 1-6-1, there are four soft keyboard types:
the math (mth) keyboard, the alphabet (abc) keyboard, the catalog (cat) keyboard, and the
2D math (2D) keyboard. This section provides more detailed information about soft
keyboard operations and the various key sets available with each soft keyboard.
• All of the explanations in this section start from the initial key set of each keyboard.
k Using the Math (mth) Keyboard
The math (mth) keyboard is for inputting calculation expressions and numeric expressions.
In addition to the initial math (mth) key set, you can also select from among four other key
sets named T (trigonometry), - (calculus), K (option), and V (variable).
u Initial math (mth) keyboard key set
If you stay in the same application, the keyboard that you used last will appear when you
press the k key.
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1-6-9
Input
u T key set
Tapping the T key displays keys for inputting trigonometric functions, and changes the
T softkey to I. You can tap this key to toggle between T and the default 9
keyboard. Tapping the = (hyperbolic) key switches to a key set for inputting hyperbolic
functions. Tap the = key again to return to the regular T key set.
← = →
u - key set
Tapping the - key displays keys for inputting differential and integral calculus expressions,
permutations, etc., and changes the - softkey to I. You can tap this key to toggle
between - and the default 9 keyboard.
Tip
• Tapping the
key inputs the “solve” function, while tapping the
key inputs the “dSolve”
function. See page 2-7-39 for information about these functions.
• For information about each of functions or symbols, see “2-4 Function Calculations”.
u K key set
Tapping the K key displays keys for inputting “<”, “≠”, and other special operators, and
changes the K softkey to I. You can tap this key to toggle between K and the default
9 keyboard.
Tip
• Tapping the
function.
key inputs the “rSolve” function. See page 2-7-40 for information about this
• For information about each of the functions and symbols, see “2-4 Function Calculations”.
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1-6-10
Input
u V key set
Tapping the V key displays keys for inputting single-character variables, and changes the
V softkey to I. You can tap this key to toggle between V and the default 9
keyboard. Tapping the E key switches to a key set for inputting upper-case single-
character variables.
← E →
Tip
• As its name suggests, a single-character variable is a variable name that consists of a single
character like “a” or “x”. Each character you input on the V keyboard is treated as a single-
character variable. To input multiple-character variable names like “ab” or multiple-character
strings, you must use the alphabet (abc) keyboard. For more information, see “Using Single-
character Variables” on page 1-6-12.
• For information about the D key that appears in the lower right of all of the math (mth)
keyboard key sets, see “Using the Answer Variable (ans)” on page 2-2-2.
k Using the Alphabet (abc) Keyboard
In addition of the initial alphabet (abc) key set, you can also select from among three other
key sets, within alphabet (abc), named M (character symbols), n (mathematics
symbols), and S (extra symbols).
u Initial alphabet (abc) keyboard key set
This keyboard is for inputting lower-case alphabetic characters. Tap L to shift the keyboard
or E to caps lock the keyboard when you want to input upper-case characters.
• Note that the initial alphabet (abc) keyboard uses the qwerty key arrangement, which is
similar to a computer keyboard. You can also change to an azerty or qwertz arrangement.
See “15-9 Specifying the Alphabetic Keyboard Arrangement”.
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1-6-11
Input
u M key set
Use the M key set to input Greek characters, Cyrillic characters, and accented characters.
Tap the J and K buttons to scroll to additional keys. Tapping E caps locks the keyboard
for input of upper-case characters.
• Tap I to return to the initial alphabet (abc) key set.
u n key set
This key set contains some of the mathematical expression symbols that are also available
on the math (mth) keyboard. Tap the J and K buttons to scroll to additional keys.
• Tap I to return to the initial alphabet (abc) key set.
u S key set
Use this key set to input punctuation and symbols. Tap the J and K buttons to scroll to
additional keys.
• Tap I to return to the initial alphabet (abc) key set.
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Input
k Using Single-character Variables
As its name suggests, a single-character variable is a variable name that consists of a single
character like “a” or “x”. Input of single-character variable names is subject to different rules
than input of a series of multiple characters (like “abc”).
u To input a single-character variable name
Any character you input using any one of the following techniques is always treated as a
single-character variable.
• Tapping any key in the math (mth) keyboard’s V key set (page 1-6-10)
• Tapping any key in the 2D keyboard’s V key set (page 1-6-15)
• Tapping the X, Y, Z or [ key to the left of the 9 key of the math (mth) keyboard or
2D keyboard
• Pressing the x, y, or Z keypad key
If you use the above key operations to input a series of characters, each one is treated as a
single-character variable. Inputting A, B, C, for example, is treated as the mathematical
expression a × b × c, and not as the characters “abc”.
Tip
• The single-character variables described above make it possible for you to perform calculations
as they are written in your textbook.
Example 1: 9VABCw
Example 2: 2xyE
Tip
• When you input a single-character variable, its name appears on the display as an italicized bold
character. This is simply to let you know that the letter is a single-character variable name.
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1-6-13
Input
u To input a series of multiple characters
A series of multiple characters (like “list1”) can be used for variable names, program
commands, comment text, etc. Always use the alphabet (abc) keyboard when you want to
input a series of characters.
Example: 0abcw
You can also use the alphabet (abc) keyboard to input single-character variable names. To do
so, simply input a single character, or follow a single character with a mathematical operator.
Example: 0a*b+cw
Tip
• A single-character variable you input using the alphabet (abc) keyboard is identical to a single-
character variable you input using the math (mth) keyboard.
k Using the Catalog (cat) Keyboard
The “Form” menu of the catalog keyboard lets you select one of the following five categories:
[Func] (built-in functions on pages 2-4-2 and 2-7-1), [Cmd] (built-in commands and operators
on pages 1-7-4 and 12-6-1), [Sys] (system variables on page α-7-1), [User] (user-defined
functions on page 12-5-1), and [All] (all commands, functions, etc.). After selecting a
category, you can choose the item you want from the alphabetized list that appears on the
catalog (cat) keyboard.
Tip
• Note that user-defined variables and user-defined programs cannot be input using the catalog
(cat) keyboard. Use the Variable Manager (page 1-8-1) instead.
• A user-defined function must be stored in the “library” folder to appear in the catalog (cat)
keyboard list when the [User] category is selected.
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Input
u Catalog (cat) keyboard configuration
This is an alphabetized list of commands,
functions, and other items available in the
category currently selected with “Form”.
Tap the down button and then select the
category you want ([Func], [Cmd], [Sys],
[User], or [All]) from the list that appears.
Tapping a letter button displays the
commands, functions, or other items that
begin with that letter.
Tap this key to input the item that is
currently selected in the alphabetized list.
u To use the catalog (cat) keyboard
Example: To input the built-in “Plot” command
(1) Tap ( to display the catalog (cat) keyboard.
(2) Tap the “Form” down arrow button v and then select [Cmd] from the list of categories
that appears.
(3) Tap the u button in the lower right corner until the P key is visible.
(4) Tap P.
(5) In the alphabetized list, tap “Plot”.
(6) Tap [INPUT] to input the command.
Tip
• Instead of tapping [INPUT] in step (6), you could also tap the command you selected in step (5) a
second time to input the command.
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Input
k Using the 2D Keyboard
The 2D keyboard provides you with a number of templates that let you input fractions,
exponential values, nth roots, matrices, differentials, integrals, and other complex
expressions as they are written.
It also includes a V key set that you can use to input single-character variables like the
ones you can input with the math (mth) keyboard.
u Initial 2D keyboard key set
This key set lets you input mathematical expressions as they are written. Tap the J and K
keys to scroll between the menus of available templates.
K →
← J
u V key set
Tapping the V key displays keys for inputting single-character variables, and changes the
V softkey to I. You can tap this key to toggle between V and the initial 2D keyboard.
Tapping the E key switches to a key set for inputting upper-case single-character
variables.
← E →
Tip
• As its name suggests, a single-character variable is a variable name that consists of a single
character like “a” or “x”. Each character you input on the V keyboard is treated as a single-
character variable. You cannot use the V keyboard to input multiple-character variable names
like “ab” or multiple-character strings. You must use the alphabet (abc) keyboard when you want
to input a multiple-character string. For more information, see “Using Single-character Variables”
on page 1-6-12.
• For information about the D key that appears in the lower right of all of the 2D keyboard key
sets, see “Using the Answer Variable (ans)” on page 2-2-2.
• Note that natural input is available in most applications of the ClassPad. Natural input cannot be
used in the geometry measurement box or when entering data into a list.
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1-6-16
Input
u To use the initial 2D key set for natural input
1
5
3
7
Example 1: To input
+
(1) On the application menu, tap J to start the Main application.
(2) Press the c key.
(3) Press the k key, and then tap ) to display the 2D keyboard.
(4) Tap N and then tap b to input the numerator.
(5) Tap the input box of the denominator to move the
cursor there, or press c and then tap f.
(6) Press e to move the cursor to the right side of 1/5.
• Instead of using e to move the cursor, you could
also tap with the stylus at the cursor destination.
(7) Tap +.
(8) Tap N, and then repeat steps (4) through (6) to
input 3/7.
(9) After everything is the way you want, press E.
Tip
• If you want your ClassPad to evaluate a calculation expression and display a result in the
eActivity application, you must input the calculation in a calculation row. See “Inserting a
Calculation Row” on page 10-3-3.
n
k2
Example 2: To input
Σ
k
= 1
(1) Tap ) to display the 2D keyboard and then tap K.
(2) Tap
.
Initially, the cursor
appears here.
(3) In the input box below Σ, input “k=1”.
Vkeb
(4) Tap with the stylus to move the cursor to the other
input locations and input the required information.
In the input box above Σ, tap L.
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1-6-17
Input
(5) Input the part of the expression that comes to the right of Σ.
kIJ
c
(6) After everything is the way you want, press E.
1(1– x2
ex dx
)
Example 3: To input
∫
0
(1) Tap ) to display the 2D keyboard and then tap K.
(2) Tap P.
Initially, the cursor appears in the
input box to the right of ∫.
(3) Input the part of the expression that comes to the right of ∫.
(b-XJ ce)
QXeeX
• Or you can use 2D math symbols to enter the
expression.
(4) Tap with the stylus to move the cursor to the other input locations to enter the
limits of integration.
In the input box above ∫, tap b.
In the input box below ∫, tap a.
(5) After everything is the way you want, press E.
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1-7-1
Variables and Folders
1-7 Variables and Folders
Your ClassPad lets you register text strings as variables. You can then use a variable to store
a value, expression, string, list, matrix, etc. A variable can be recalled by a calculation to
access its contents.
Variables are stored in folders. In addition to the default folders that are provided
automatically, you can also create your own user folders. You can create user folders as
required to group variables by type or any other criteria.
Folder Types
Your ClassPad stores variables in one of four types of folders described below.
Folder Type
Description
“system” Folder
This is one of the ClassPad’s reserved folders, which is provided by
default. It is used for storage of system variables, which are pre-
defined variables used by ClassPad applications and other system
operations.
Some examples of system variables are “list1” through “list6”, View
Window parameters “xmin” and “xmax”, etc. A system variable can be
accessed by any application simply by specifying the applicable
variable name.
“library” Folder
“main” Folder
User Folder
Also a ClassPad reserved folder, the “library” folder can be used for
storing user-created variables. Variables stored in the “library” folder
can be accessed without specifying a path, regardless of the current
folder setting (see next page).
The “main” folder is also a ClassPad reserved folder, and acts as the
default current folder. While the “main” folder is the current folder, all
variables created by ClassPad application operations are stored here
when you do not specify a path for variable storage.
This is a folder created and named by you.You can make a user
folder the current folder, move variables to a user folder, etc.You can
also delete and rename a user folder as required.You can have up to
87 user folders in ClassPad memory at one time.
Tip
• You cannot put a folder inside of another folder.
• You can view the contents of a folder, other than “system”, using the Variable Manager (page
1-8-1). Note, however, that you cannot open the “system” folder for viewing.
• The “system” folder contents are listed within the ( page of the keyboard when “Sys” is
selected for “Form”.
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Variables and Folders
k Current Folder
The current folder is the folder where the variables created by applications (excluding
eActivity) are stored and from which such variables can be accessed. The initial default
current folder is the “main” folder.
You can also select a user folder you created as the current folder. For more information
about how to do this, see “Specifying the Current Folder” on page 1-8-3.
Variable Types
ClassPad variables can be broadly grouped into three types: general variables, system
variables, and local variables.
Variable Type
Description
General Variables A general variable is one you create using any name you want.
Unless you specify otherwise when you are creating it, a general
variable is stored in the current folder.You can use the same name for
multiple variables, as long as each of them is stored in a different
folder. General variables can be deleted, renamed, etc.
System Variables
System variables are pre-defined reserved variables used by
ClassPad applications and other system operations. They are stored
in the “system” folder. System variables can be accessed without
specifying the folder name, and can even be accessed from another
folder. Since system variable names are reserved words, they cannot
be renamed. Whether you are allowed to delete or change the
contents of a system variable depends on each variable.
• For the names of and detailed information about system variables,
see the “System Variable Table” on page α-7-1.
Local Variables
A local variable is a variable that is temporarily created by a defining
function, program, or other operation for a particular purpose. A local
variable is deleted automatically when execution of the program or
user-defined function that created it is complete.You can create a
local variable by including the “Local” command in a program. Any
variable specified as the argument of a program or a user-defined
function is automatically treated as a local variable.
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1-7-3
Variables and Folders
k Variable Data Types
ClassPad variables support a number of data types. The type of data assigned to a variable
is indicated by a data type name. Data type names are shown on the Variable Manager
variable list, and on the Select Data dialog box that appears when you are specifying a
variable in any ClassPad application or using the [Setup] menu (page 14-2-1). The following
table lists all of the variable data type names and explains the meaning of each.
Data Type Name
EXPR
Data Type
Real number, complex number or expression data
String data
STR
List data created using the Statistics application, Main application, etc.
Matrix data created using the Main application, etc.
General program
LIST
MAT
PRGM*
EXE*
Edit prohibited program
Text data
TEXT*
FUNC*
PICT*
User-defined function
Image data
• ClassPad image data includes graph image data saved using the
Store function, and image data captured using the Presentation
application.
GMEM*
Graph memory data saved using the Graph & Table application
• For more information, see “Saving Graph Editor Data to Graph
Memory” on page 3-3-9.
Geometry application data
General-purpose data
GEO*
MEM*
OTHR
Data other than that described above
* Protected variable types
Some data types are protected. A variable whose data type is protected cannot be
overwritten with another variable, which “protects” variable contents from being inadvertently
altered. Data types whose names are marked with an asterisk in the above table are
protected.
Tip
• Note that whether or not a data type is protected is determined by the system. You cannot
change the protect status of a data type.
• Even when a variable is a protected data type, you can rename, delete, or move it. To disable
these operations, you need to lock the variable. For more information, see “Locking a Variable or
Folder” on page 1-7-10.
• The elements of the LIST data type can contain EXPR or STR type data only. The elements of
the MAT data type can contain EXPR type data only.
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1-7-4
Variables and Folders
Creating a Folder
You can have up to 87 user folders in memory at the same time. This section explains how to
create a user folder and explains the rules that cover folder names.
You can create a folder using either the Variable Manager or the “NewFolder” command.
k Creating a folder using the Variable Manager
On the Variable Manager window, tap [Edit] and then [Create Folder]. For more information,
see “1-8 Using the Variable Manager”.
k Creating a folder using the “NewFolder” command
In the Main application or in a program, execute the “NewFolder” command.
Example: To create a new folder named “Test”
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Tap m to display the application menu, and then tap J to start the Main application.
(2) Display the catalog (cat) keyboard, and then input the “NewFolder” command.
a. In the [Form] menu, select [Cmd].
b. Tap u and the [N] to display the first command that starts with the letter “N”.
c. In the command list, tap “NewFolder” to select it.
d. Tap [INPUT].
“NewFolder”
command
(3) Following the “NewFolder” command you just input, enter “Test”.
0LTe s t
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1-7-5
Variables and Folders
(4) Tap w to execute the command.
• The message “done” appears on the display to let you know that command execution
is complete.
Tip
• You can use the Variable Manager to view the contents of a folder you create. For more
information, see “1-8 Using the Variable Manager”.
• For information about commands you can use to perform folder operations, see “12-6 Program
Command Reference”.
k Folder Name Rules
The following are the rules that apply to folder names.
• Folder names can be up to 8 bytes long.
• The following characters are allowed in a folder name.
Upper-case and lower-case unaccented characters (character codes 65 to 90, 97 to 122)
Upper-case and lower-case accented characters (character codes 257 to 416, 513 to 672)
Subscript characters (character codes 480 to 491, 496 to 512, 737 to 746, 752 to 766)
Numbers (character codes 48 to 57)
Underscore (character code 95)
• Folder names are case-sensitive.
For example, each of the following is treated as a different folder name: abc, Abc, aBc,
ABC.
• A reserved word (system variable names, built-in function names, command names, etc.)
cannot be used as a folder name.
• A number, subscript characters or the underscore (_) cannot be used as the first character
of a folder name.
Creating and Using Variables
This section explains how to create a new variable (general variable), and provides a simple
sample calculation that illustrates how to use a variable.
k Variable Name Rules
The rules for naming variables are identical to those that cover folder names. For more
information, see “Folder Name Rules” above.
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1-7-6
Variables and Folders
k Single-character Variable Precautions
Your ClassPad supports the use of single-character variables, which are variables whose
names consist of a single character like “a” or “x”. Some ClassPad keys (x, y, Z
keypad keys, math (mth) soft keyboard X, Y, Z, [ keys, V key set keys, etc.) are
dedicated single-character variable name input keys. You cannot use such a key to input a
variable name that has more than one character.
For example, pressing the keypad keys x and y in succession is interpreted by the
ClassPad as the multiplication expression “x × y”, and not as the characters “xy”. In order to
input a variable name made up of two or more characters, use the alphabet (abc) keyboard.
For more information, see “Using Single-character Variables” on page 1-6-12.
k Creating a New Variable
The most common way to create a new variable is assigning a value or expression to the
applicable variable name. Use the variable assignment key (W) to assign data to a variable.
Assign key
This key is included on the math
(mth) and 2D soft keyboards.
The following is an example of assignment to a variable while “main” is specified as the
current folder.
Example: To create a new variable named “eq1” and assign the expression 2x + 1 to it
The following assumes that there are no variables named “eq1” or “x” currently in
the “main” folder.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the application menu, tap J to start the Main application.
(2) Press k to display the soft keyboard, and then perform the following key
operation.
9cX+bW0eqbw
• This creates a variable named “eq1” in the current folder (the “main” folder in this
example), and assigns the expression 2x + 1 to it.
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1-7-7
Variables and Folders
Tip
• As shown in the above example, assigning something to a variable with a name that does not yet
exist in the current folder causes a new variable with that name to be created. If a variable with
the specified name already exists in the current folder, the contents of the existing variable are
replaced with the newly assigned data, unless the existing variable is protected. For more
information about protected variables, see “Protected variable types” on page 1-7-3.
• To store the newly created variable in a folder other than the current folder, specify the variable
name as follows: <folder name>\<variable name>.
• You can use the Variable Manager to view the contents of a variable you create. For more
information, see “1-8 Using the Variable Manager”.
k Variable Usage Example
The following example uses the variable we created in the example under “Creating a New
Variable” above.
Example: To copy the variable “eq1” and then paste it into the following two equations:
eq1 + x – 2 and eq1 × 2
u ClassPad Operation
(1) First, check the current contents of variable “eq1”.
0eqbw
(2) Copy the variable by dragging the stylus across “eq1” and then tapping G, or tap
[Edit] [Copy].
• Copy and paste comes in handy when you need to input the same variable into
multiple expressions. You can also drag “eq1” to another line.
(3) Perform the key operation below to input and execute the first expression:
eq1 + x – 2.
H (or [Edit] [Paste]) 9+X-cw
(4) Perform the key operation below to replace the current contents of “eq1” with the list
{1, 2, 3}.
9{b,c,d}WHw
(5) Perform the key operation below to input and execute the second expression:
eq1 × 2
H9*cw
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1-7-8
Variables and Folders
k “library” Folder Variables
Variables in the “library” folder can be accessed without specifying a path name, regardless
of the current folder.
Example: To create and access two variables, one located in the “library” folder and one
located in another folder
u ClassPad Operation
(1) With “main” specified as the current folder (the default), perform the following operation
to create a variable named “eq1” and assign the indicated list data to it.
{1, 2, 3} S eq1w
(2) Keeping “main” specified as the current folder, perform the following operation to create
a variable named “eq2” in the “library” folder, and assign the indicated list data to it.
{4, 5, 6} S library \ eq2 w
Specifies the “library” folder.
(3) Check the contents of the two variables.
eq1 w
eq2 w
Since variable “eq2” is stored in the
“library” folder, you do not need to
indicate a path to access it.
(4) Change the current folder specification to “Test”.
• Use the Basic Format dialog box (page 14-3-1) or the Variable Manager (page 1-8-1)
to change the current folder specification.
(5) Perform the following operations to view the contents of variables “eq1” and “eq2”.
eq1 w
Since this key operation does not access the
“main” folder, the variable name (“eq1”) is
displayed without showing the variable contents.
main\eq1 w
Specifying the path to the “main” folder
where “eq1” is located displays the
contents of the variable.
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1-7-9
Variables and Folders
eq2 w
Since variable “eq2” is stored in the
“library” folder, you do not need to
indicate a path to access it.
Tip
• Specifying a variable name that exists in both the current folder and the “library” folder causes the
variable in the current folder to be accessed. For details about the variable access priority
sequence and how to access variables in particular folders, see “Rules Governing Variable
Access” on page 1-7-11.
• You can use the Variable Manager (page 1-8-1) to move existing variables from the “main” folder
or a user folder to the “library” folder, or from the “library” folder to other folders.
k Using List Editor to Create a LIST Variable
List Editor makes creation of LIST variables (variables that contain list data) quick and easy.
This capability really comes in handy when you need to perform a calculation (statistical
calculations, etc.) that involves a large number of LIST variables.
List Editor appears as the initial screen when you start up the Statistics application. You can
also access the List Editor window from the Main, Graph & Table, and eActivity applications.
1
2
Input a variable name like “list_t” into the title cell at the top of the list on the List Editor
window (1), and then input values into the list (2). This creates a LIST variable with the
name list_t that is assigned the contents of the list of data (2). The above example creates a
LIST variable named “list_t” and assigns it the list data “{12, 24, 36}”.
Tip
• For details about using List Editor, see “7-2 Using List Editor”.
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1-7-10
Variables and Folders
Assigning Values and Other Data to a System Variable
As its name suggests, a system variable is a variable that is created and used by the system
(page 1-7-5). Some system variables allow you to assign values and other data to them,
while some system variables do not. For more information about which variables allow you to
control their contents, see the “System Variable Table” on page α-7-1.
Locking a Variable or Folder
Locking a variable or folder protects against inadvertently deleting it or changing its contents.
You can unlock a locked variable or folder to re-enable deletion and data assignment.
• Locking a variable disables the following operations on it: delete, overwrite, rename, and
move (to another folder).
• Locking a folder makes it impossible to delete or rename the folder.
Tip
• In terms of ClassPad variables, “lock” is completely different from “protect”. For more information
about “protect”, see “Variable Data Types” on page 1-7-3.
You can lock and unlock a variable or folder using either the Variable Manager or
commands.
u To lock or unlock a variable or folder using the Variable Manager
In the Variable Manager, select the folder or variable you want to lock or unlock and then tap
[Edit] - [Lock] or [Edit] - [Unlock]. For more information, see “1-8 Using the Variable
Manager”.
u To lock or unlock a variable or folder using commands
In the Main application or in a program, execute one of the commands described below.
To do this:
Use this command syntax:
Lock <variable name>
Lock a variable
Unlock a variable
Lock a folder
Unlock <variable name>
LockFolder <folder name>
UnlockFolder <folder name>
Unlock a folder
For information about commands, see “12-6 Program Command Reference”.
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1-7-11
Variables and Folders
Rules Governing Variable Access
Normally, you access a variable by specifying its variable name. The rules in this section
apply when you need to reference a variable that is not located in the current folder or to
access a variable that has the same name as one or more variables located in other folders.
k Variable Search Priority Sequence
Specifying a variable name to access a variable, searches variables in the following
sequence.
(1) Local Variables
(2) Current Folder Variables
(3) “library” Folder Variables
• Multiple variables with the same name can exist simultaneously as a local variable, as a
variable in the current folder, and as a variable in the “library” folder. In this case, the
ClassPad searches folders according to the sequence shown above and accesses the first
instance of the variable that it finds. If you want to access such a variable when it occurs
lower in the above priority sequence, you need to specify the folder name along with the
variable name as shown in “Specifying a Variable in a Particular Folder” below.
• If a variable you specify cannot be found, it is treated as an “undefined variable”.
• Note that the “system” folder is not included in the above variable search. When accessing
a variable in the system folder, you need to specify the variable name only, without
specifying the folder name.
Tip
• Local variables exist only as long as the program or user-defined function for which it was
created in being executed.
• When a variable search is required during a subroutine called by a program or user-defined
function, the local variable search range includes only the local variables of the subroutine
currently being executed.
• For information about programs and user-defined functions, see Chapter 12.
• Only local variables and current folder variables are searched in the case of an operation that
stores variable data or a command that performs an operation on a variable (like “DelVar”).
Normally, “library” folder variables are not searched. If you want to include “library” folders in the
search, you need to specify the “library” folder as the variable location as explained below.
k Specifying a Variable in a Particular Folder
You can access a variable located inside the “main” folder, “library” folder, or a particular user
folder by specifying the folder name along with the variable name. Use the following syntax
when specifying a folder name:
<folder name>\<variable name>
Example: To specify variable “abc” located in the “main” folder
main\abc
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1-8-1
Using the Variable Manager
1-8 Using the Variable Manager
The Variable Manager is a tool for managing user variables, programs, user functions, and
other types of data. Though this section uses only the term “variables”, the explanations
provided here also refer to the other types of data that can be managed by the Variable
Manager.
Variable Manager Overview
This section explains how to start up and exit the Variable Manager. It also provides
information about the configuration of the Variable Manager.
With the Variable Manager you can:
• Create, delete, rename, lock, and unlock folders for storing variables, and configure current
folder settings.
• Delete, copy, rename, move, lock, unlock, search for variables, and view the contents of
variables.
Starting Up the Variable Manager
You can start up the Variable Manager using the O menu or by using an application’s
toolbar.
u To start up the Variable Manager using the O menu
Tap O, [Settings], and then [Variable Manager].
u To start up the Variable Manager using the toolbar
On the toolbar of the application you are using, tap 5.
• Starting up the Variable Manager initially displays the folder list, which is described on the
next page.
• Starting up the Variable Manager while a soft keyboard is on the display causes the soft
keyboard to close.
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Using the Variable Manager
Variable Manager Views
The Variable Manager uses two views, a folder list and a variable list.
• The folder list always appears first whenever you start up the Variable Manager.
Current folder
Folder names
Number of variables contained
in the folder
Folder List
• Tapping a folder name on the folder list selects it. Tapping the folder name again displays
the folder’s contents; a variable list.
Folder name
Number of variables contained
in the folder
Variable names
Variable data types (page 1-7-
3) and sizes (bytes)
Variable List
• To close the variable list and return to the folder list, tap [Close].
Exiting the Variable Manager
To exit the Variable Manager, tap the [Close] button.
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Using the Variable Manager
Variable Manager Folder Operations
This section describes the various folder operations you can perform using the Variable
Manager.
k Specifying the Current Folder
The “current folder” is the folder where the variables created by applications (excluding
eActivity) are stored and from which such variables can be accessed. The initial default
current folder is the “main” folder.
You can also select a folder you created yourself as the current folder.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Start up the Variable Manager and display the folder list.
Current folder
(2) Tap the [Current] down arrow button. On the list that appears, select the folder that you
want to specify as the current folder.
(3) Tap [Close] to close the folder list.
k Creating a New Folder
You can use the following procedure to create up to 87 folders, as you need them.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Start up the Variable Manager, which causes the folder list to appear.
(2) On the folder list, tap [Edit] and then [Create Folder].
• This displays a dialog box for inputting a folder name.
(3) Enter the folder name, and then tap [OK].
• This creates the new folder and returns to the folder list.
• Normally, a folder name can contain up to eight bytes. If your folder name includes 2-byte
characters, you may not be able to input eight characters for the folder name. For details
about folder names, see page 1-7-5.
Tip
• An error message appears and your folder is not created if there is already a folder with the same
name you input. Tap [OK] to close the error message dialog box, and then specify a different
name for the folder you are creating.
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Using the Variable Manager
k Selecting and Deselecting Folders
The folder operations you perform are performed on the currently selected folders. The
folders that are currently selected on the folder list are those whose check boxes are
selected (checked). You can use the following operations to select and deselect folders as
required.
To do this:
Do this:
Select a single folder
Select the check box next to the folder name.
Clear the check box next to the folder name.
Tap [All] and then [Select All].
Tap [All] and then [Deselect All].
Deselect a single folder
Select all the folders in the list
Deselect all the folders in the list
Tip
• If no check box is currently selected on the folder list, any folder operation that is performed
affects the folder whose name is currently highlighted on the list. If any folder check box is
currently selected, only that folder is affected by a folder operation, and the folder whose name is
highlighted on the list is not affected.
• Selecting the check box of a folder causes the check boxes of all of the variables inside of it also
to become selected.
• When renaming a folder, only the folder whose name is highlighted on the folder list is renamed.
Other folders whose check boxes are selected are not affected.
k Deleting a Folder
Warning!
Before deleting a folder, make sure you no longer need any of the variables contained inside it.
It is probably a good idea to first delete the variables you don’t need and move the variables
you do need to another folder, and then delete the empty folder.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Start up the Variable Manager and display the folder list.
(2) Open the folder you want to delete and check its contents.
• Make sure you no longer need any of the variables in the folder. If any of the variables
are locked, unlock them.
• After checking the contents of the folder, close it to return to the folder list.
(3) Select the check box next to the folder you want to delete.
• You can select and delete multiple folders, if you want.
(4) On the folder list, tap [Edit] and then [Delete].
(5) In response to the confirmation dialog box that appears, tap [OK] to delete the folder or
[Cancel] to exit the dialog box without deleting the folder.
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Using the Variable Manager
Tip
• You cannot delete the “library” folder or the “main” folder.
• If no check box is currently selected on the folder list, the folder whose name is currently
highlighted on the list is deleted when you tap [Edit] and then [Delete].
• An error message appears and the folder is not deleted if any one of the following conditions
exists.
• The folder is locked.
• Any variable inside the folder is locked.
• There are still variables inside the folder.
k Renaming a Folder
You can use the following procedure to change the name of an existing folder.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Start up the Variable Manager and display the folder list.
(2) Tap the name of the folder you want to rename so it is highlighted.
(3) Tap [Edit] and then [Rename].
• This displays a dialog box for inputting a new folder name.
(4) Input the new folder name.
(5) When the name is the way you want, tap [OK] to save it, or tap [Cancel] to cancel the
rename procedure.
Tip
• When renaming a folder, only the folder whose name is highlighted on the folder list is renamed.
Other folders whose check boxes are selected are not affected.
• A folder that is locked cannot be renamed.
k Locking and Unlocking a Folder
A folder cannot be deleted or renamed while it is locked. Lock any folder that you want to
protect against accidental deletion.
u To lock a folder
(1) Start up the Variable Manager and display the folder list.
(2) Select the check box next to the folder you want to lock.
• If you want to lock multiple folders, select all of their check boxes.
(3) Tap [Edit] and then [Lock].
• This locks the currently selected folder, and adds a b icon to the left of its name to
indicate that it is locked.
u To unlock a folder
(1) Start up the Variable Manager and display the folder list.
(2) Select the check box next to the folder you want to unlock.
(3) Tap [Edit] and then [Unlock].
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Using the Variable Manager
k Inputting a Folder Name into an Application
Perform the procedure below when you want to input the name of a folder displayed on the
Variable Manager window into the application from which you started up the Variable
Manager.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) In the Main application, Graph & Table application, or
some other application, move the cursor to the location
where you want to input the folder name.
(2) Start up the Variable Manager to display the list of
folders.
(3) Tap the folder whose name you want to input, so the name is highlighted.
(4) Tap [INPUT].
• This exits the Variable Manager and inputs the name
of the folder you selected in step (3) into the
application at the current cursor position.
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1-8-7
Using the Variable Manager
Variable Operations
This section explains the various operations you can perform on the Variable Manager
variables.
k Opening a Folder
Perform the steps below to open a folder and display the variables contained inside it.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Start up the Variable Manager and display the folder list.
(2) Tap the name of the folder you want to open so it is highlighted, and then tap it again.
• This opens the folder and displays a variable list showing its contents.
(3) To return to the folder list, tap [Close].
k Opening the “library” Folder
Note that the procedure you need to use to open the “library” folder is different from the
procedure for opening other folders.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Start up the Variable Manager and display the folder list.
(2) Tap [View] and then [“library” Folder].
• This opens the “library” folder and displays a variable list showing its contents.
(3) To return to the folder list, tap [Close].
Tip
• You can also open the “library” folder (by tapping [View] and then [“library” Folder]) while the
variable list is on the display.
k Displaying a List of a Particular Type of Variable
You can use the variable list to produce a list of a particular type of variable only.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) In the Variable Manager, open any folder to display a variable list of its contents.
(2) Tap [View] and then [Variable Type].
• This displays the Variable Type dialog box for
specifying the variable data type.
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Using the Variable Manager
(3) On the dialog box, tap the down arrow button and then select the data type from the list
that appears.
• To display variables for all data types, select [All].
• For details about data type names and variables, see "Variable Data Types" on page
1-7-3.
(4) After selecting the data type you want, tap [OK] to apply it or [Cancel] to exit the
selection dialog box without changing the current setting.
Tip
• Returning to the folder list or exiting the Variable Manager causes the data type to change to the
initial default setting, which is [All].
• Performing this operation clears the check boxes for all of the variables inside the applicable
folder.
k Selecting a Variable
Before you can copy, delete, or perform any other operation on a variable, you must first
select it.
u To select or deselect a variable
(1) In the Variable Manager, open any folder to display a variable list of its contents.
(2) Perform one of the operations described below to select or deselect a variable.
To do this:
Do this:
Select a single variable
Deselect a single variable
Select all the variables in the list
Select the check box next to the variable name.
Clear the check box next to the variable name.
Tap [All] and then [Select All].
Deselect all the variables in the list Tap [All] and then [Deselect All].
Tip
•If no check box is currently selected on the variable list, any variable operation that is performed
affects the variable whose name is currently highlighted on the list. If any variable check box is
currently selected, only that variable is affected by a variable operation, and the variable whose
name is highlighted on the list is not affected.
• The selected/deselected status of a variable is retained, even when you return from the variable
list to the folder list. Exiting the Variable Manager or changing the data type selection, however,
causes all variables to be deselected.
• When renaming a variable, only the variable whose name is highlighted on the variable list is
renamed. If other variables are selected (checked), they will not be affected.
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Using the Variable Manager
k Deleting a Variable
Perform the following steps when you want to delete a variable.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Open the folder that contains the variable you want to delete and display the variable
list.
(2) Select the check box next to the variable you want to delete.
• To delete multiple variables, select all of their check boxes.
(3) Tap [Edit] and then [Delete].
(4) In response to the confirmation dialog box that appears, tap [OK] to delete the selected
variable or [Cancel] to cancel the delete operation.
Tip
• If no check box is selected on the variable list, the variable whose name is currently highlighted
on the list is deleted when you tap [Edit] and then [Delete].
• If the currently selected variable is locked, an error message appears and the variable is not
deleted.
k Copying and Moving a Variable
You can use the procedure below to copy or move a variable to another folder.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Open the folder that contains the variable you want to copy or move, and display the
variable list.
(2) Select the check box next to the variable you want to copy or move.
• To copy or move multiple variables, select all of their check boxes.
(3) Perform the copy operation or the move operation.
To do this:
Perform this operation:
Tap [Edit] and then [Copy].
Tap [Edit] and then [Move].
Copy the variable
Move the variable
• This causes a dialog box for selecting the destination
folder to appear.
(4) On the dialog box, tap the down arrow button and then select the destination folder
from the list that appears.
(5) When the destination folder you want is selected, tap [OK] to perform the copy or move
operation, or tap [Cancel] to cancel the procedure.
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Using the Variable Manager
Tip
• If no check box is currently selected on the variable list, the variable whose name is currently
highlighted on the list is copied or moved.
• If a variable with the same name already exists in the destination folder, the variable in the
destination folder is replaced with the one that you are copying or moving.
• An error message appears and the variable is not copied or moved if a variable with the same
name already exists in the destination folder and that variable is locked or protected.
• A variable that is locked cannot be moved.
k Renaming a Variable
Perform the following steps when you want to rename a variable.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Open the folder that contains the variable you want to rename and display the variable
list.
(2) Tap the name of the variable you want to rename so it is highlighted.
(3) Tap [Edit] and then [Rename].
• This displays a dialog box for inputting a new variable name.
(4) Input the new variable name.
(5) When the name is the way you want, tap [OK] to save it, or tap [Cancel] to cancel the
rename procedure.
Tip
• When renaming a variable, only the variable whose name is highlighted on the variable list is
renamed. Other variables whose check boxes are selected are not affected.
• A variable that is locked cannot be renamed.
k Locking and Unlocking a Variable
A locked variable cannot be deleted, moved, or renamed. A locked variable also cannot be
overwritten by a variable with the same name being moved or copied into its folder. Lock any
variable that you want to protect against accidental deletion.
u To lock a variable
(1) Open the folder that contains the variable you want to lock and display the variable list.
(2) Select the check box next to the variable you want to lock.
• If you want to lock multiple variables, select all of their check boxes.
(3) Tap [Edit] and then [Lock].
• This locks the currently selected variable, and adds a b icon to the left of its name to
indicate that it is locked.
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Using the Variable Manager
u To unlock a variable
(1) Open the folder that contains the variable you want to unlock and display the variable
list.
(2) Select the check box next to the variable you want to unlock.
(3) Tap [Edit] and then [Unlock].
k Searching for a Variable
You can use the following procedure to search the “main” folder or a user defined folder for a
particular variable name. Note that you cannot search the “library” folder.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Start up the Variable Manager and display the folder list.
(2) On the folder list, tap [Search] and then [Search].
• This displays a dialog box for inputting a search string.
(3) Enter the variable name you want to find and then tap
[OK].
• An exclamation point ( ) appears in front of all
folders containing a variable name that matches
the name in your search.
Tip
• The message “Not Found” appears on the display if a match cannot be found.
• The exclamation point ( ) remains on the folder list until you exit the Variable Manager or
perform another search operation. Also note that the exclamation point ( ) remains in front of the
folder name, even if you delete or rename the found variable.
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Using the Variable Manager
k Viewing the Contents of a Variable
You can use the Variable Manager to view the contents of a particular variable.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Open the folder that contains the variable whose contents you want to view and display
on the variable list.
(2) Tap the name of the variable whose contents you want to view so it is highlighted, and
then tap it again.
• This displays a dialog box that shows the contents of the variable.
Example of EXPR variable contents
(3) To close the dialog box, tap [OK].
Tip
• You can use this procedure to display the contents of the following variable types only: EXPR,
STR, LIST, MAT, FUNC, PRGM, TEXT, PICT.
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Using the Variable Manager
k Inputting a Variable Name into an Application
Perform the procedure below when you want to input the name of a variable from the
Variable Manager window into the application from which you started up the Variable
Manager.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) In the Main application, Graph & Table application, or
some other application, move the cursor to the
location where you want to input the variable name.
(2) Start up the Variable Manager to display the folder list.
(3) Find the name of the folder that contains the variable whose name you want to input,
and tap it twice.
(4) Tap the variable whose name you want to input, so its name is highlighted.
(5) Tap [INPUT].
• This exits the Variable Manager and inputs the name
of the variable you selected in step (4) into the
application at the current cursor position.
• In this example, the variable is located in a folder
(bio) that is not the current folder, so the folder name
needs to be specified (bio\list02). If the variable is
located in the current folder, you do not need to
specify the folder name (list02).
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Chapter
2
Using the Main
Application
The Main application is a general-purpose numerical and
mathematical calculation application that you can use to study
mathematics and solve mathematical problems. You can use the Main
application to perform general operations from basic arithmetic
calculations, to calculations that involve lists, matrices, etc.
The Main application also provides you with an [Action] menu and
[Interactive] menu from which you can select approximately 120
different commands for working with mathematical expressions.
2-1 Main Application Overview
2-2 Basic Calculations
2-3 Using the Calculation History
2-4 Function Calculations
2-5 List Calculations
2-6 Matrix and Vector Calculations
2-7 Using the Action Menu
2-8 Using the Interactive Menu
2-9 Using the Main Application in Combination with
Other Applications
2-10 Using Verify
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2-1-1
Main Application Overview
2-1 Main Application Overview
This section provides information about the following.
• Main application windows
• Modes that determine how calculations and their results are displayed
• Menus and their commands
Starting Up the Main Application
Use the following procedure to start up the Main application.
u ClassPad Operation
On the application menu, tap J.
This starts the Main application and displays the work area.
Main Application Window
Starting up the Main application displays a large white work area.
Menu bar
The [Action] menu and
[Interactive] menu are for
executing mathematical
expressions.
Toolbar
Work area
Use this area for inputting
operations and commands.
ClassPad also uses this
area to output calculation
results.
Status bar
This area shows the current
mode settings for the Main
application.
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Main Application Overview
• Basic Main application operations consist of inputting a calculation expression into the work
area and pressing E. This performs the calculation and then displays its result on the
right side of the work area.
Input
expression
Calculation
result
• Calculation results are displayed in natural format, with mathematical expressions appear-
ing just as they do in your textbook. You can also input expressions in natural format using
the ) soft keyboard.
• The Main application also has a calculation history feature, which saves calculation
expressions you input and their calculated results. As long you do not clear the record, this
information is available for later recall. This way you can recall a past calculation, make
changes to it, and recalculate.
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2-1-3
Main Application Overview
Main Application Menus and Buttons
This section explains the operations you can perform using the menus and buttons of the
Main application.
• For information about the O menu, see “Using the O Menu” on page 1-5-4.
Menu Commands
Select this
menu item:
To do this:
Undo the last operation or redo an operation that was just undone
Cut the selected character string and place it onto the clipboard
Copy the selected character string and place it onto the clipboard
Edit - Undo/Redo
Edit - Cut
Edit - Copy
Paste the contents of the clipboard at the current cursor position in
the work area
Edit - Paste
Select the entire row (input expression or value, or result) where the
cursor is located in the work area
Edit - Select All
Edit - Delete
Delete the input expression and its result where the cursor is located
in the work area
Clear all work area contents (calculation history)
Insert a command into the work area (page 2-7-1)
Edit - Clear All
Action
Execute an Interactive command for the expression selected in the
work area (page 2-8-1)
Interactive
Button Functions
To do this:
Tap this button:
Toggle calculation result display between the Standard mode and
Decimal mode
u
Output an input expression as-is*
0
5
!
Display the Variable Manager (page 1-8-1)
Access ClassPad application windows from the Main application
* Normally, inputting and executing an expression like ∫ (x × sin(x), x) integrates x × sin(x)
and displays the result sin(x) – x × cos(x). Tapping 0 displays ∫ (x × sin(x), x) as-is, in a
natural math format without performing any calculation.
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Main Application Overview
Using Main Application Modes
The Main application has a number of different modes that control how calculation results
are displayed, as well as other factors. The current mode is indicated in the status bar.
k Status Bar Mode Indicators
1
2
3
4
Settings that are marked with an asterisk (*) in the following tables are initial defaults.
Status Bar
Indicator
Assist
Description
Setting
Status
On
Location
Assistant mode: Does not automatically
simplify expressions.
1
Assistant
Algebra mode: Automatically simplifies
expressions.
Alg
Off*
On
Decimal mode: Converts result to a
decimal (approximate value).
Decimal
Decimal
Calculation
Standard mode: Displays result in exact
form (fractional format). If a result cannot
be displayed in exact form, however, it will
be displayed as a decimal approximation.
2
Off*
On
Standard
Cplx
Complex mode: For complex number
calculations.
Complex
Format
3
4
Real
Rad
Real mode: For real number calculations.
Radian mode: Angles displayed in radians.
Off*
Radian*
Angle
Degree mode: Angles displayed in
degrees.
Deg
Degree
• Use the [Setup] menu’s [Basic Format] command to change the setting of each mode. For
details about the [Setup] menu, see “14-2 Using the Setup Menu”.
• For details about the calculations and result displays produced in each of the above
modes, see “Calculation Modes” on page 2-2-5.
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2-1-5
Main Application Overview
Accessing ClassPad Application Windows from the Main Application
Tapping the down arrow button on the toolbar displays a palette of 11 icons that you can use
to access certain windows of other ClassPad applications. Tapping the ( button, for
example, splits the display into two windows, with the List Editor window of the Statistics
application in the lower window.
Main application
work area
• For details about swapping the
positions of the two windows,
List Editor window
activating a window, closing a
window, etc, see “Using a Dual
Window Display” on page 1-5-1.
The following table displays the application you can access with each of the buttons.
Tap this
To display this window:
See Chapter:
button:
!
$
*
#
&
3
@
%
(
1
Graph & Table application Graph Editor window
Graph & Table application Graph window
Conics application Conics Editor window
Graph & Table application Table window
Sequence application Sequence Editor window
Geometry application Geometry window
3D Graph application 3D Graph Editor window
3D Graph application 3D Graph window
Statistics application List Editor window
Numeric Solver application Numeric Solver window
3
3
4
3
6
8
5
5
7
9
See “2-10 Using
Verify”.
Verify window
W
• You can perform drag and drop operations with expressions between the Main application
work area and the currently displayed window. For example, you could drag an expression
from the Main application work area to the Graph window, and graph the expression. For
details, see “2-9 Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications”.
• For details about how to use each type of window, see the chapter for the appropriate
application.
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2-1-6
Main Application Overview
Accessing the Main Application Window from Another ClassPad
Application
Almost all of the ClassPad applications allow you to access the Main application window by
tapping O and then [Main]. In the Statistics application and some other applications,
you can also access the Main application window by tapping the ~ button.
The following are examples of what you can do after opening the Main application window
within another application.
• Using the Main application window as a calculator to perform a simple calculation
• Using drag and drop to copy expressions and values between windows
Example: To drag an expression from the Graph Editor window to the Main application work
area
For full details about individual operations, see the chapters that cover each application.
Tip
• You cannot access the Main application window from the Geometry, Presentation, Communica-
tion, or System application.
• You can access the Geometry application from the Main application.
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2-2-1
Basic Calculations
2-2 Basic Calculations
This section explains how to perform basic mathematical operations in the Main application.
Arithmetic Calculations and Parentheses Calculations
• You can perform arithmetic calculations by inputting expressions as they are written. All of
the example calculations shown below are performed using the 9 soft keyboard, unless
noted otherwise.
• To input a negative value, tap - or - before entering the value.
• The order of operations is followed when a calculation consists of mixed arithmetic
operations (multiplication and division are given priority over addition and subtraction).
• The example calculations are all performed using the Decimal mode. Using the Standard
mode causes results to be displayed as fractions. For details about the Decimal mode and
Standard mode, see “Status Bar Mode Indicators” on page 2-1-4.
Calculation
23 + 4.5 – 53 = –25.5
56 × (–12) ÷ (–2.5) = 268.8
(2 + 3) × 102 = 500
Key Operation
cd+e.f-fdw
fg*(-bc)/(-c.f)w
(c+d)Ecw
1 + 2 – 3 × 4 ÷ 5 + 6 = 6.6
100 – (2 + 3) × 4 = 80
2 + 3 × (4 + 5) = 29
b+c-d*e/f+gw
baa-(c+d)*ew
c+d*(e+f)w
(7 – 2) × (8 + 5) = 65
(h-c)*(i+f)w
6
g/(e*f)w or
) Ngce*fw
= 0.3
4 × 5
(1 + 2i) + (2 + 3i) = 3 + 5i
(2 + i) × (2 – i ) = 5
(b+cP)+(c+dP)w
(c+P)*(c-P)w
Tip
• For details about the calculations and result displays produced in each mode, see “Calculation
Modes” on page 2-2-5.
• To toggle a result between decimal and fractional format, tap u before pressing E.
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2-2-2
Basic Calculations
Using the e Key
Use the e key to input exponential values. You can also input exponential values using the
E key on the 9 and ) keyboards.
Examples: 2.54 × 103 = 2540
c.feedw
1600 × 10–4 = 0.16
bgaaE-ew
Omitting the Multiplication Sign
You can omit the multiplication sign in any of the following cases.
• In front of a function
Examples: 2sin (30), 10log (1.2)
• In front of a constant or variable
Examples: aπ, 2ab, 3ans
• In front of an open parenthesis
Examples: 3(5 + 6), (a + 1)(b – 1)
Note that you must use a multiplication sign when the expression directly in front of the
open parenthesis is a literal variable. Example: ab (3 + b) must be written ab × (3 + b).
Otherwise, your input is considered to be in function notation ( f (x)).
• In front of the e key or E key (See “Using the e Key” above.)
• In front of a matrix or list
Examples: a {1, 2, 3}, 3 [[1,2] [3,4]]
Using the Answer Variable (ans)
Any time you execute a calculation in the Main application work area, the last result is
assigned automatically to a variable named “ans” (answer). You can even recall current “ans”
variable contents and input them into another calculation by pressing the D key as shown
below.
Example: 123 + 456 = 579
789 – 579 = 210
bcd+efgw
hij-Dw
D/hw
210 ÷ 7 = 30
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2-2-3
Basic Calculations
Tip
• The “ans” variable is a system variable. For details about system variables, see “1-7 Variables
and Folders”.
• Since “ans” is a variable name, you can specify the “ans” variable by inputting [a][n][s] on the
0 (alphabet) keyboard, or by tapping the D key on the 9 or the ) keyboard.
• The “ans” variable stores the result of your last or most recent calculation.
• The work area maintains a calculation history of the calculations you perform (page 2-3-1). Any
instance of the “ans” variable in the calculation history contains the result of the calculation
immediately prior to that instance. You can use “ans” as many times as you want in calculations,
as long as you remember that the value or expression assigned to each “ans” variable in the
calculation history is determined by the calculation immediately preceding it.
• Using the “ans” variable in a calculation results in an error if the previous calculation produced an
error display or after a program produces the “done” message on the display.
• The format of the calculation result value assigned to the “ans” variable depends on the Basic
Format dialog box [Display] setting (page 14-3-2). The following illustrates the format used when
“Fix2” is selected for the [Display] setting.
approx (1/3) w 0.33
ans × 3 w
0.99
See “Standard Mode and Decimal Mode” on page 2-2-5.
Calculation Error
An error message dialog box, like the one shown below, appears when there is a problem
with the syntax of an input expression or value, when the number of decimal places of a
calculation result in the Standard mode (page 2-2-5) exceeds a specified range, etc. Tap
[OK] to close the dialog box and return to the calculation.
Tip
• The text of the error message dialog box depends on the type of error that occurred. For details,
see the “Error Message Table” on page α-10-1.
• If you perform a calculation that is mathematically undefined (such as division by zero), the
message “Undefined” appears in place of the calculation result, without display of an error
message.
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2-2-4
Basic Calculations
Calculation Priority Sequence
Your ClassPad automatically performs calculations in the following sequence.
1 Commands with parentheses (sin(, diff(, etc.)
2 Factorials (x!), degree specifications (o, r ), percents (%)
3 Powers
4 π, memory, and variable multiplication operations that omit the multiplication sign (2π, 5A,
etc.)
Command with parentheses multiplication operations that omit the multiplication sign (2 3,
etc.)
× , ÷
5 +, –, (–)
6 Relational operators (=, ≠, <, >, <, >)
7 and
8 or, xor
9 with ( | )
2
Example: 2 + 3 × (log (sin(2π )) + 6.8) = 22.07101691 (In Algebra mode, Decimal mode,
1
Radian mode.)
2
3
4
5
6
Tip
• Expressions in parentheses are given priority.
• In cases where a series of calculations in the same expression includes more than one of the
operators 4 through 9 that are the same priority sequence level, the same level operations are
performed from left to right. A series of power calculations 3 (example: 5^2^3) is performed from
right to left (5^(2^3)).
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2-2-5
Basic Calculations
Calculation Modes
The Main application has a number of different modes, as described under “Using Main
Application Modes” on page 2-1-4. The display format of calculation results depends on the
currently selected Main application mode. This section tells you which mode you need to use
for each type of calculation, and explains the differences between the calculation results
produced by each mode.
• All of the following calculation examples are shown using the Algebra mode only.
k Standard Mode and Decimal Mode
The Standard mode displays calculation results in mathematical expression format whenever
possible, while the decimal mode converts calculation results to a decimal form. When the
Decimal mode is selected, you can control the use of exponential notation with the [Display]
setting on the Basic Format dialog box (page 14-3-1).
u Examples of Decimal mode and Standard mode result displays
Expression
Decimal Mode Result
Standard Mode Result
25
2
50 ÷ 4 = 12.5
12.5
50
3
100 ÷ 6 = 16.6666666...
2 +2 = 3.414213562...
16.66666667
3.414213562
6.583333333
3.141592654
1.545084972
2 + 2
79
12
3.52 ÷ 3 + 2.5 = 6.583333333...
π = 3.1415926535...
π
5·(–1 + 5 )
4
sin (2.1π) × 5 = 1.5450849718...
• The Decimal mode results in the above table show what would appear on the display when
“Normal 1” is selected for the [Display] setting on the Basic Format dialog box.
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2-2-6
Basic Calculations
u Using the u Button to Toggle between the Standard Mode and Decimal
Mode
You can tap u to toggle a displayed value between Standard mode and Decimal mode
format.
Note that tapping u toggles the format of a displayed value. It does not change the current
Standard mode/Decimal mode setting.
Example 1: Tapping u while the ClassPad is configured for Standard mode (Normal 1)
display
Expression
ClassPad Operation
baa/gu
Displayed Result
16.66666667
(Switches to Decimal mode format.)
100 ÷ 6 = 16.6666666...
u (Switches back to Standard mode
50
3
format.)
Example 2: Tapping u while the ClassPad is configured for Decimal mode (Normal 1)
display
Expression
ClassPad Operation
9c)+cu
(Switches to Standard mode format.)
(Switches back to Decimal mode format.)
Displayed Result
2 +
3.414213562
2
2 + 2 = 3.414213562...
u
u Number of Decimal Places, Number of Significant Digits, Normal Display
Settings
The [Display] settings on the Basic Format dialog box (page 14-3-1) specify the number of
decimal places, the number of significant digits, and the normal display setting for Main
application Decimal mode calculation results. The following shows how calculation results
appear under each setting.
Expression
50 ÷ 4 = 12.5
100 ÷ 6 = 16.6666666...
1 ÷ 600 = 0.00166666... 1.666666667E –3
1011 ÷ 4 = 2.5E + 10
2.5E + 10
Normal 1
12.5
16.66666667
Normal 2
12.5
Fix 3
Sci 3
12.500
16.667
0.002
1.25E + 1
1.67E + 1
1.67E – 3
16.66666667
0.00166666666
2.5E + 10
2.5E + 10 2.50E + 10
• The allowable range for the number of decimal places is Fix 0 to Fix 9, and the range for
the number of significant digits is Sci 0 to Sci 9. For details about the [Display] settings, see
“Basic Format Dialog Box” on page 14-3-1.
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2-2-7
Basic Calculations
k Complex Mode and Real Mode
The Complex mode is for complex number calculations, while the Real mode is limited to
calculations within the range of real numbers. Performing a calculation in the Real mode
that produces a result that is outside the range of real numbers causes an error (Non-Real
Result error).
u Examples of Complex mode and Real mode calculation results
Expression
solve (x3 – x2 + x – 1 = 0, x)
i + 2i
Complex Mode
{x = 1, x = –i, x = i}
3i
Real Mode
{x = 1}
ERROR: Non-Real Result
k Radian Mode and Degree Mode
You can specify radians or degrees as the angle unit for display of trigonometric calculation
results.
u Examples of Radian mode and Degree mode calculation results
(In Standard mode)
Expression
Radian Mode
Degree Mode
sin
1
2
π
6
sin (π/6)
( )
1
2
sin (30)
sin (30)
k Assistant Mode and Algebra Mode
The Algebra mode automatically simplifies mathematical expressions produced by
calculations. No simplification is performed in the Assistant mode. In the Assistant mode,
you can view intermediate results as well, which allows you to see the steps that lead to a
particular result as shown in the “expand” example below.
u Examples of Assistant mode and Algebra mode calculation results
Expression
x2 + 2x + 3x + 6
expand ((x+1)2)
Assistant Mode
x2 + 2·x + 3·x + 6
x2 + 2·x·1 + 12
Algebra Mode
x2 + 5·x + 6
x2 + 2·x + 1
x + 1
x + 1
2
(When 1 is assigned to x)
Important!
The Assistant mode is available in the Main application and eActivity application only.
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2-3-1
Using the Calculation History
2-3 Using the Calculation History
The Main application work area calculation history can contain up to 30 expression/result
pairs. You can look up a previous calculation, edit, and then re-calculate it, if you want.
Viewing Calculation History Contents
Use the scroll bar or scroll buttons to scroll the work area window up and down. This brings
current calculation history contents into view.
Scroll bar
Scroll button
You can use the cursor keys to move to an input expression/calculation result within the
calculation history window.
Tip
• After the number of expression/result pairs reaches 30, performing a new calculation causes the
oldest calculation currently in the calculation history memory to be deleted.
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2-3-2
Using the Calculation History
Re-calculating an Expression
You can edit a calculation expression in the calculation history and then re-calculate the
resulting expression. Tapping w re-calculates the expression where the cursor is currently
located, and also re-calculates all of the expressions below the current cursor location.
Example 1: To change the expression “ans × 2” to “ans × 3” in the example below, and then
re-calculate
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Tap to the right of the expression “ans × 2” to locate the cursor there.
(2) Delete “2” and input “3”.
Kd
(3) Tap w.
• This re-calculates the expression where the cursor is located, and all the expressions
underneath it.
Re-calculated
Important!
Remember that re-calculation is performed starting from the current cursor location. If, after
performing the first two steps of the above procedure, you move the cursor to the end of
“ans + 6” in line 3 of the calculation history and then tap w, only line 3 is re-calculated.
Not re-calculated
(because it is above
the cursor location)
Re-calculated
If you edit multiple expressions in the calculation history, always make sure that the cursor is
located in the uppermost line that you edited before you tap w.
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2-3-3
Using the Calculation History
Example 2: To change from the Standard mode to the Decimal mode (page 2-2-5), and then
re-calculate
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Tap s on the icon panel, and then tap [Setup] and [Basic Format].
• This displays the Basic Format dialog box.
(2) Select the “Decimal Calculation” check box, and then tap [Set].
• This closes the Basic Format dialog box. The status bar should now show
“Decimal”, which indicates the Decimal mode.
(3) Move the cursor to the location from which you want to re-calculate.
• In this example, we will tap the end of line 2 to locate the cursor there.
(4) Tap w.
• This recalculates all of the expressions starting from the cursor position, and displays
the results using Decimal mode format.
Re-calculated
Tip
• To re-calculate all of the expressions in the calculation history, locate the cursor in the top line,
and then tap w.
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2-3-4
Using the Calculation History
Deleting Part of the Calculation History Contents
You can use the following procedure to delete an individual two-line expression/result unit
from the calculation history.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Move the cursor to the expression line or result line of the two-line unit you want to
delete.
(2) Tap [Edit] and then [Delete].
• This deletes the expression and result of the two-line unit you selected.
Important!
Even if the result of the deleted two-line unit has an effect on subsequent calculations, the
affected calculations are not updated automatically following the deletion. When you want to
update everything in the calculation history following the deleted unit, move the cursor to a
line that is above the one you deleted and then tap w. For details about re-calculation, see
page 2-3-2.
Clearing All Calculation History Contents
Perform the following procedure when you want to clear the entire calculation history
currently in the Main application work area.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Tap [Edit] and then [Clear All].
(2) In response to the confirmation message that appears, tap [OK] to clear calculation
history contents, or [Cancel] to cancel.
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2-4-1
Function Calculations
2-4 Function Calculations
This section explains how to perform function calculations in the Main application work area.
• Most of the operators and functions described in this section are input from the 9
(math) and ( (catalog) keyboard. The actual keyboard you should use to perform the
sample operations presented here is the one indicated by a ⅜ mark or by button names*
(“TRIG”, “MATH”, “Cmd”, etc.) in one of the columns titled “Use this keyboard”.
*For more information about these buttons, see “Advanced Soft Keyboard Operations”
(page 1-6-8).
• You do not need to input the closing parenthesis that comes immediately before an E key
operation. All of the calculation examples in this section omit the closing parentheses
before E.
The following example calculations are all performed using the Decimal mode. Using the
Standard mode causes results to be displayed as fractions. For details about the Decimal
mode and Standard mode, see “Status Bar Mode Indicators” on page 2-1-4.
k Angle Conversion (°, r)
The first two examples below use “Degree” (indicated by “Deg” in the status bar) as the
angle unit setting. The final example uses “Radian” (indicated by “Rad” in the status bar) as
the angle unit setting. Note that using the wrong angle unit setting will make it impossible to
produce correct calculation results.
u To change the angle unit setting
(1) On the O menu, tap [Settings], [Setup], and then [Basic Format].
(2) Tap the [Common] tab.
(3) Tap the [Angle] down arrow button, and then select [Degree] or [Radian].
For more information about this operation, see “14-3 Setup Menu Settings”.
Use this keyboard:
Problem
Operation
4.25 Rw
mth
abc
cat
2D
Convert 4.25 radians to
degrees.
TRIG MATH Cmd
= 243.5070629
47.3
°
+ 82.5rad = 4774.20181
°
TRIG MATH Cmd
TRIG MATH Cmd
47.3 + 82.5 Rw
How many radians is
243.5070629°?
Change the [Angle] setting
to “Radian”, and then input
243.5070629 *w.
= 4.249999999
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2-4-2
Function Calculations
k Trigonometric Functions (sin, cos, tan) and Inverse Trigonometric
Functions (sin–1, cos–1, tan–1)
The first four examples below use “Degree” (indicated by “Deg” in the status bar) as the
angle unit setting. The final example uses “Radian” (indicated by “Rad”). For details about
the [Setup] menu, see “14-2 Using the Setup Menu”.
Use this keyboard:
Problem
Operation
s 63 w
mth
TRIG
TRIG
abc
cat
2D
sin63° = 0.8910065242
Func
Func
2·sin45° × cos65°
2*s 45 )*c 65 w
= 0.5976724775
Can be omitted.
1
TRIG
Func
1/s30w or
cosec30° =
= 2
sin30°
)
N 1 c
9 s 30 w
sin–10.5 =30°
(Determine x for sinx = 0.5.)
TRIG
TRIG
Func
Func
S 0.5 w
“.5” can also be used.
π
Change the [Angle] setting to
“Radian”.
cos((––) rad) = 0.5
3
c7 /3 w or
c)N 7c 3 w
Tip
• The angle unit setting you specify remains in effect until you change it.
• To move between entry boxes in a 2D math symbol you can use the cursor keys or tap inside a
box.
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2-4-3
Function Calculations
k
k Logarithmic Functions (log, ln) and Exponential Functions (e, ^,
)
Use this keyboard:
Problem
Operation
l 1.23 w or
mth
abc
cat
2D
log1.23 (log101.23) =
0.08990511144
ࠗ
Func
ࠗ
)V 10 e 1.23 w
ln90 (loge90) = 4.49980967
ࠗ
ࠗ
Func
Func
ࠗ
ࠗ
I 90 w or
)V0ne
e 90 w
log39 = 2
l 3 , 9 w or
)V 3 e 9 w
101.23 = 16.98243652
ࠗ
ࠗ
MATH Cmd
MATH Func
ࠗ
ࠗ
10 { 1.23 w
e
4.5 = 90.0171313
e 4.5 w or
)Q 4.5 w
(–3)4 = (–3) × (–3) × (–3) ×
(–3) = 81
ࠗ
MATH Cmd
ࠗ
(- 3 ){ 4 w
–34 = – (3 × 3 × 3 × 3) = –81
ࠗ
ࠗ
MATH Cmd
MATH Cmd
ࠗ
ࠗ
- 3 { 4 w
1
123 (= 123—7 )
123 {( 1 / 7 w or
)% 7 e 123 w
7
= 1.988647795
3
2 + 3 × 64 – 4 = 10
ࠗ
MATH Cmd
ࠗ
2 + 3 * 64 {( 1 /
3 )- 4 w or ) 2 +
3 *% 3 e 64 e- 4 w
Can be omitted.
Tip
Ⅵ
• ^ and ꢀ have a higher calculation priority sequence than × and ÷.
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2-4-4
Function Calculations
k Hyperbolic Functions (sinh, cosh, tanh) and Inverse Hyperbolic Functions
(sinh–1, cosh–1, tanh–1)
Use this keyboard:
Problem
Operation
=1 3.6 w
mth
TRIG
TRIG
abc
cat
2D
sinh3.6 = 18.28545536
Func
Func
cosh1.5 – sinh1.5
= 0.2231301601
=2 1.5 )-11.5
w
e
–1.5 = 0.2231301601*
ࠗ
MATH Func
Func
ࠗ
e - 1.5 w
20
15
TRIG
=@ 20 / 15 w or
cosh–1
(
)
)
=@
15 w
N 20 c
= 0.7953654612
Solve for x given
tanh(4x) = 0.88.
TRIG
Func
=# 0.88 )/ 4 w or
9=#
)
N
tanh–10.88
x =
0.88 )c 4 w
4
=0.3439419141
x
* This problem checks whether coshx sinhx = e . Solving the problem above this one
(cosh1.5 – sinh1.5) and comparing it with this problem's solution shows that they are equal.
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2-4-5
Function Calculations
k Other Functions (%,
sRound)
, x2, x–1, x!, abs, signum, int, frac, intg, fRound,
Use this keyboard:
Operation
Problem
mth
abc
cat
2D
What is 12% of 1500? 180
SMBL Cmd
SMBL Cmd
1500 * 12 &w
660 / 880 &w
What percent of 880 is 660?
75%
What value is 15% greater
SMBL Cmd
SMBL Cmd
2500 *( 1 + 15 &
3500 *( 1 - 25 &
than 2500?
2875
What value is 25% less
than 3500?
2625
2 + 5 = 3.65028154
ࠗ
ࠗ
Func
Func
ࠗ
ࠗ
9 2 )+ 9 5 w or
)5 2 e+5 5 w
(3 + i) = 1.755317302
+ 0.2848487846i
Change to the Complex
mode (“Cplx” indicated on
the status bar).
9 3 +0w or
)5 3 +0w
(–3)2 = (–3) × (–3) = 9
–32 = –(3 × 3) = –9
ࠗ
ࠗ
ࠗ
Cmd
Cmd
Cmd
(- 3 )xw
- 3 xw
ࠗ
( 3 X- 4 X)Xw
or
)N 1 cN 1 c
1
–––––– = 12
1
3
1
4
–– – ––
3 e-N
1 c 4 w
8! (= 1 × 2 × 3 × … × 8)
CALC SMBL Cmd
Func
8
w
= 40320
What is the absolute value
of the common logarithm of
3
?
4
ࠗ
ࠗ
$l 3 / 4 w or
)4 V 10 eN
3 c 4 w
3
log ( ) = 0.1249387366
4
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2-4-6
Function Calculations
Use this keyboard:
Problem
Operation
mth
abc
cat
2D
What is the sign of
–3.4567?
Func
[signum] - 3.4567 w
–1
(signum returns –1 for a
negative value, 1 for a
positive value, “Undefined”
A
for 0, and
for an
A
imaginary number.)
What is the integer part of
CALC
Func
Func
Func
- 3.4567 w
[frac] - 3.4567 w
[intg] - 3.4567 w
–3.4567?
–3
What is the decimal part of
–3.4567?
–0.4567
What is the greatest integer
less than or equal to
–3.4567?
–4
What is –3.4567 rounded to
two decimal places? –3.46
Func
Func
[fRound] - 3.4567 , 2
w
What is –34567 rounded to
four significant digits?
–34570
[sRound] - 34567 , 4
w*
* To round to 10 digits, specify “0” for the second argument.
k Random Number Generator (rand, randList, RandSeed)
• The ClassPad random number generator can generate truly random numbers (non-
sequential random numbers) and random numbers that follow a particular pattern (sequen-
tial random numbers). Using the “randList” function, you can generate a list whose
elements contain random numbers. There are nine different patterns for generation of
sequential random numbers. Use the “RandSeed” command to switch between non-
sequential and sequential random number generation, and to select the sequential random
number generation pattern.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Use the “RandSeed” command to configure random number generation settings, if
required.
(2) Use the “rand” function or “randList” function to generate the random numbers.
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2-4-7
Function Calculations
u “rand” Function
• The “rand” function generates random numbers. If you do not specify an argument, “rand”
generates 10-digit decimal values 0 or greater and less than 1.
Specifying two integer values for the argument generates random numbers between them.
Use this keyboard:
Problem
Operation
[rand] w
[rand] 1 , 6 w
mth
abc
cat
2D
Generate random numbers
between 0 and 1.
Func
Generate random integers
between 1 and 6.
Func
u “randList” Function
Syntax: randList (n [, a, b])
Function:
• Omitting arguments “a” and “b” returns a list of n elements that contain decimal random
values.
• Specifying arguments “a” and “b” returns a list of n elements that contain integer random
values in the range of “a” through “b”.
Description:
• “n” must be a positive integer.
• The random numbers of each element are generated in accordance with “RandSeed”
specifications, as with the “rand” function.
Use this keyboard:
Problem
Operation
[randList] 3 w
mth
abc
cat
2D
Generate a list of three
elements that contain
decimal random values.
Func
Generate a list of five
elements that contain
random values in the range
of 1 through 6.
Func
[randList] 5, 1, 6 w
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2-4-8
Function Calculations
u “RandSeed” Command
• You can specify an integer from 0 to 9 for the argument of this command. 0 specifies non-
sequential random number generation. An integer from 1 to 9 uses the specified value as a
seed for specification of sequential random numbers. The initial default argument for this
command is 0.
• The numbers generated by the ClassPad immediately after you specify sequential random
number generation always follow the same random pattern.
Use this keyboard:
Problem
Operation
mth
abc
cat
2D
Generate sequential random
numbers using 3 as the
seed value.
Cmd
[RandSeed] 3 w
Generate the first value.
Generate the second value.
Generate the third value.
Func
[rand] w
[rand] w
[rand] w
Tip
• Random values generated by these commands are pseudo random values.
• The arguments a and b of “rand(a,b)” and “randList(n,a,b)” must be integers, subject to the
following conditions.
a < b
a , b < 1E10
b – a < 1E10
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2-4-9
Function Calculations
k Permutation (nPr) and Combination (nCr)
u Total Number of Permutations
n!
nPr = –––––
(n – r)!
u Total Number of Combinations
n!
nCr = –––––––
r! (n – r)!
Use this keyboard:
Problem
Operation
} 10 , 4 w
mth
abc
cat
2D
How many different
permutations are possible
when you have 10 different
objects and arrange them
four at a time?
CALC
Func
10P4 = 5040
How many different
combinations are possible
when you have 10 different
objects and remove four at
a time?
CALC
Func
{ 10 , 4 w
10C4 = 210
k Condition Judgment (judge, piecewise)
The “judge” function returns TRUE when an expression is true, and FALSE when it is false.
Use this keyboard:
Problem
Operation
mth
abc
cat
2D
Is the following expression
true or false?
Func
[judge] 1 = 1 w
1 = 1
TRUE
Is the following expression
true or false?
Func
[judge] 1
0 w
1 < 0
FALSE
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2-4-10
Function Calculations
The “piecewise” function returns one value when an expression is true, and another value
when the expression is false.
The syntax of the “piecewise” function is shown below.
piecewise(<condition expression>, <return value when true>, <return value when false or
indeterminate>[ ) ]
or
piecewise(<condition expression>, <return value when true>, <return value when false>,
<return value when indeterminate>[ ) ]
Use this keyboard:
Problem
Operation
mth
abc
cat
2D
For the expression
Func
[piecewise] 0
2 , 0 w
X, 1,
0 < x (x = variable), return 1
when x is greater than 0,
2 when x is 0 or less, and 0
when x is undefined.
k Angle Symbol (∠)
Use this symbol to specify the coordinate format required by an angle in a vector.
You can use this symbol for a vector only.
Use this keyboard:
Problem
Operation
mth
abc
cat
2D
Convert the polar
coordinates r = 2,
θ = π /4 to rectangular
coordinates.
OPTN
Func
Change the [Angle] setting to
“Radian”.
[toRect] [9 2 ),
7/ 4 )]w
[1, 1]
k Derivative Symbol (’)
A single derivative symbol indicates the first derivative of an equation in the format:
<variable name>’.
Use this keyboard:
Problem
Operation
mth
abc
cat
2D
Solve the differential
equation y’ = x.
CALC SMBL Cmd
[dSolve] Y
,Yw
=X,X
{y = 0.5 · x2 + const (1)}
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2-4-11
Function Calculations
k Equal Symbols and Unequal Symbols (=, ≠, <, >, <, >)
You can use these symbols to perform a number of different basic calculations.
Use this keyboard:
Problem
Operation
(X= 3 )+ 3 w
(Y 5 )- 2 w
mth
abc
cat
2D
To add 3 to both sides of
ࠗ
MATH Cmd
x = 3.
x + 3 = 6
Subtract 2 from both sides
OPTN MATH Cmd
of y < 5.
y – 2 < 3
Tip
• In the “Syntax” explanations of each command under “2-7 Using the Action Menu”, the following
operators are indicated as “Eq/Ineq”: =, ≠, <, >, <, >. Whether or not the “Eq/Ineq” operators
include the “≠” operator is specified for each command by a separate note.
• An expression that contains multiple equation or inequality operators cannot be input as a single
expression. For output expressions, an expression can be output with multiple operators only in
the case of inequality operators that are facing in the same direction (example: –1< x <1).
Example: solve(x2 – 1< 0, x) w
{–1 < x < 1}
k “with” Operator ( | )
The “with” (I) operator temporarily assigns a value to a variable. You can use the “with”
operator in the following cases.
• To assign the value specified on the right side of | to the variable on the left side of |
• To limit or restrict the range of a variable on the left side of | in accordance with conditions
provided on the right side of |
The following is the syntax for the “with” (I) operator.
Exp/Eq/Ineq/List/Mat|Eq/Ineq/List/(and operator)
You can put plural conditions in a list or connected with the “and” operator on the right side.
“≠” can be used on the left side or the right side of |.
Use this keyboard:
Problem
Operation
mth
abc
cat
2D
Evaluate x2 + x + 1 when
x = 3.
OPTN SMBL Cmd
X{ 2 +X+ 1 UX
= 3 w
13
For x2 – 1 = 0, determine
the value of x when x > 0.
{x = 1}
OPTN SMBL Cmd
[solve] X{ 2 - 1 = 0
,X)UX
0 w
Determine the value of
abs (x) when x >0.
OPTN SMBL Cmd
$X)UX
0 w
x
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2-4-12
Function Calculations
k Solutions Supported by ClassPad (TRUE, FALSE, Undefined, No Solution,
∞, const, constn)
Solution
TRUE
Description
Example
judge (1 = 1) w
Output when a solution is true.
Output when a solution is false.
Output when a solution is undefined.
FALSE
judge (1 < 0) w
1/0 w
Undefined
No Solution Output when there is no solution.
solve (abs (x) = –1, x) w
lim (1/x2, x, 0) w
∞
Infinity
const
Constant displayed as const(1) when any
value that is a constant is included in the
solution. In the case of multiple constants,
they are indicated as const(1), const(2),
and so on.
{y = 0.5·x2 + const (1)}
constn
Constant displayed as constn(1) when the Change the [Angle] setting to
solution includes any integer value that is
a constant. In the case of multiple
constants, they are indicated as constn(1),
constn(2), and so on.
“Degree”.
solve (sin (x) = 0, x) w
{x = 180·constn (1)}
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2-5-1
List Calculations
2-5 List Calculations
This section explains how to input data using the Main application or List Editor, and how to
perform basic list calculations.
Inputting List Data
You can input list data from the work area or on the List Editor window.
k Inputting List Data from the Work Area
Example: To input the list {1, 2, 3} and assign it to LIST variable “lista”.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Tap m to display the application menu, and then tap J to start the Main application.
(2) Press k to display the soft keyboard.
(3) Next, perform the following key operation.
9{b,c,d}W
0listaw
Tip
• For information about assigning data to a variable, see “Creating and Using Variables” on page
1-7-5.
• You can also create a list using commands in the [List-Create] group on the [Action] menu. For
information about using these commands, see “2-7 Using the Action Menu”.
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2-5-2
List Calculations
k LIST Variable Element Operations
You can recall the value of any element of a LIST variable. When the values {1, 2, 3} are
assigned to “lista”, for example, you can recall the second value in the “lista”, when you need
it.
You can also assign a value to any element in a list. When the values {1, 2, 3} are assigned
to “lista”, for example, you can replace the second value with “5” to end up with {1, 5, 3}.
After performing the procedure under “Inputting List Data from the Work Area”, perform the
following operation.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Recall the value of the second element of LIST variable “lista”.
0lista9[c]w
(2) Assign “5” to the second element of LIST variable “lista”.
fW 0lista9[c]w
Tip
• You can also perform the above operations on the “ans” variable (page 2-2-2) when it contains
LIST data.
Example: {1, 2, 3, 4} w
D[c]w
{1, 2, 3, 4}
2
k Inputting List Data Using the List Editor Window
Tapping ( displays the List Editor window, which you can then use to input list data. List
data input this way is assigned to a LIST variable, so you can access it by specifying the
applicable variable name.
For more information about using the List Editor window to create a list, see “7-2 Using List
Editor”.
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2-5-3
List Calculations
Using a List in a Calculation
You can perform arithmetic operations between two lists, between a list and a numeric value,
or between a list and an expression, equation, or inequality.
List
Numeric Value
Expression
Equation
List
+
−
×
÷
Numeric Value
Expression
Equation
Inequality
=
List
Inequality
k List Calculation Errors
• When you perform an arithmetic operation between two lists, both of the lists need to have
the same number of cells. An error will occur if they do not.
• An error will also occur whenever an operation between any two cells of the two lists
results in an error.
k List Calculation Example
Example: Perform the operation list3 × {6, 0, 4} when list3 contains {41, 65, 22}
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Perform the key operation below in the Main application work area.
0listd9*{g,a,e}
(2) w
Tip
• List operations (extraction of list maximum and minimum, calculation of list total, etc.) can
also be performed using the commands in the [List-Calculation] group of the [Action] menu.
For more information, see “2-7 Using the Action Menu”.
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2-6-1
Matrix and Vector Calculations
2-6 Matrix and Vector Calculations
This section explains how to create matrices in the Main application, and how to perform
basic matrix calculations.
Tip
• Since a vector can be viewed as 1-row by n-column matrix or n-row by 1-column matrix, this
section does not include explanations specifically about vectors. For more information about
vector-specific calculations, see the explanations about the applicable [Action] menu items in
“2-7 Using the Action Menu”.
Inputting Matrix Data
You can use the 9 (math) keyboard to input matrix values in a single line in the work
area, or the ) keyboard to input matrix values using an actual on-screen matrix.
k Inputting Matrix Values with the 9 Keyboard
1
3
2
4
Example: To input the matrix
and assign it to the variable “mat1”
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the application menu, tap J to start the Main application.
(2) Press k to display the soft keyboard.
(3) Next, perform the following key operation.
9[[b,c][d,e]]W
0matbw
Tip
• For information about assigning data to a variable, see “Creating and Using Variables” on page
1-7-5.
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2-6-2
Matrix and Vector Calculations
k Matrix Variable Element Operations
1
3
2
4
You can recall the value of any element of a MATRIX variable. When the data
is assigned to matrix “mat1”, for example, you can recall the element located at row 2,
column 1.
You can also assign a value to any element in a matrix. For example, you could assign the
1
3
5
4
value “5” to the element at row 1 column 2 in “mat1”, which produces the matrix
.
After performing the procedure under “Inputting Matrix Values with the 9 Keyboard”,
perform the following operation.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Recall the value in row 2, column 1 of MATRIX variable “mat1”.
0matb9[c,b]w
↑
↑
Row Column
(2) Assign “5” to the element at row 1, column 2 of MATRIX variable “mat1”.
fW0matb9[b,c]w
Tip
• You can also perform the above operations on the “ans” variable (page 2-2-2) when it contains
MATRIX data.
1
3
2
4
Example: [[b,c][d,e]]w
D[c,b]w
3
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2-6-3
Matrix and Vector Calculations
k Inputting Matrix Values with the ) Keyboard
The 6, 7, and 8 keys of the ) keyboard make matrix value input quick and easy.
To do this:
Tap this 2D key:
Create a new 1-row × 2-column matrix
6
Create a new 2-row × 1-column matrix
7
8
6
7
8
Create a new 2-row × 2-column matrix
Add a column to the currently displayed matrix
Add a row to the currently displayed matrix
Add both a row and column to the currently displayed matrix
1
4
2
5
3
6
Example: To input the matrix
u ClassPad Operation
and assign it to the variable “mat2”
(1) Tap )K to display the lower part of the 2D keyboard, and then perform the key
operation below in the Main application work area.
6 (Creates a 1-row × 2-column matrix.)
bec
6 (Adds one column to the matrix.)
d
7 (Adds one row to the matrix.)
eefeg
(2) Perform the key operation below to assign the matrix to the variable named “mat2”.
eW0matcw
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2-6-4
Matrix and Vector Calculations
Tip
• In step (1) of the above procedure, we added rows and columns as they became necessary.
Another way to accomplish the same result would be to add rows and columns to create a blank
matrix of the required dimensions, and then start data input. You could create a 2-row × 3-column
matrix by tapping 6, 6, 7, or 6, 8. In either case, you could also tap the buttons in
reverse of the sequence shown here.
• You can also create matrices using the commands of the [Matrix-Create] group on the [Action]
menu. For information about using these commands, see “2-7 Using the Action Menu”.
Performing Matrix Calculations
This section provides examples of how to perform the most basic types of matrix calcula-
tions.
k Matrix Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, and Division
1
2
1
1
2
2
3
1
Example 1:
+
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Perform the key operation below in the Main application work area.
9[[b,b][c,b]]+
[[c,d][c,b]]
(2) Tap w.
1
2
1
1
2
2
3
1
Example 2:
×
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Tap ), K, 8, and then input the values for the first matrix.
(2) Tap the area to the right of the input matrix or press the cursor e key to move the
cursor to the right of the input matrix. Next, tap *.
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2-6-5
Matrix and Vector Calculations
(3) Tap 8, and then input the values for the second matrix.
(4) Tap w.
1
3
2
4
Example 3: To multiply the matrix
u ClassPad Operation
by 5
(1) Perform the key operation below in the Main application work area.
9[[b,c][d,e]]*f
(2) Tap w.
Tip
• Note that when adding or subtracting two matrices, they both must have the same number of
rows and the same number of columns (the same dimensions). An error occurs (Invalid Dimen-
sion Error) when the two matrices have different dimensions.
• When multiplying two matrices, the number of columns in the matrix to the left of the multiplica-
tion sign (×) must be the same as the number of rows in the matrix to the right of the multiplica-
tion sign. An error occurs (Invalid Dimension Error) when you attempt to multiply two matrices
that do not satisfy the above conditions.
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2-6-6
Matrix and Vector Calculations
k Raising a Matrix to a Specific Power
1
3
2
4
Example: To raise
to the power of 3
Use the procedures described under “Matrix Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication,
and Division” on page 2-6-4 to input the calculation.
The following are the screens that would be produced by each input method.
Input using the 9 keyboard
Input using the ) keyboard
Tip
• You can perform matrix calculations using the commands of the [Matrix-Calculation] group on the
[Action] menu. For information about using these commands, see “2-7 Using the Action Menu”.
• You can raise only a square matrix to a specific power. An error occurs when you try to raise a
non-square matrix to a specific power.
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2-7-1
Using the Action Menu
2-7 Using the Action Menu
The [Action] menu helps to make transformation and expansion functions, calculus functions,
statistical functions, and other frequently used mathematical menu operations easier to use.
Simply select the function you want, and then enter expressions or variables in accordance
with the syntax of the function.
Tip
• Unless specifically indicated otherwise, all of the explanations in this section are performed using
the following modes: Algebra mode, Standard mode, Complex mode, Radian mode.
Abbreviations and Punctuation Used in This Section
The following are the meanings of the abbreviations and punctuation used in the syntax
descriptions in this section.
It means this:
When you see this:
Exp
Eq
Expression (Value, Variable, etc.)
Equation
Inequality
Ineq
List
Mat
List
Matrix
[
]
You can omit the item(s) inside the brackets.
Select one of the items inside the braces.
{
}
Some of the syntaxes in the following explanations indicate the following for parameters:
Exp/Eq/Ineq/List/Mat
These abbreviations mean that you can use any of the following as a parameter: expression,
equation, inequality list, or matrix.
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2-7-2
Using the Action Menu
Example Screenshots
The screenshots below show examples of how input and output expressions appear on the
ClassPad display.
In some cases, the input expression and output expression (result) may not fit in the display
area. If this happens, tap the left or right arrows that appear on the display to scroll the
expression screen and view the part that does not fit.
When the input expression does not fit:
Displayed expression
Complete expression
When the output expression does not fit:
Displayed expression
Complete expression
All of the screenshots in this section show the “complete expression” version.
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2-7-3
Using the Action Menu
Displaying the Action Menu
Tap [Action] on the menu bar to display the menu of 10 submenus shown below.
The following explains the functions that are available on each of these submenus.
Using the Transformation Submenu
The [Transformation] submenu contains commands for expression transformation, like
“expand” and “factor”.
u simplify
Function: Simplifies an expression.
Syntax: simplify (Exp/Eq/Ineq/List/Mat [ ) ]
• Ineq (inequality) includes the “ꢀ” (not equal to) relational operator.
Example: To simplify (15 3 + 26)^(1/3)
Menu Item: [Action][Transformation][simplify]
Example: To simplify cos(2x) + (sin(x))2 (in the Radian mode)
Menu Item: [Action][Transformation][simplify]
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2-7-4
Using the Action Menu
u expand
Function: Expands an expression.
Syntax: expand (Exp/Eq/Ineq/List/Mat [ ) ]
expand (Exp,variable [ ) ]
• Ineq (inequality) includes the “ꢀ” (not equal to) relational operator.
• If you specify a variable, Exp is decomposed into partial fractions, with respect to the
variable.
Example: To expand (x + 2)2
Menu Item: [Action][Transformation][expand]
1
Example: To decompose
into partial fractions, with respect to x
(x4 – 1)
Menu Item: [Action][Transformation][expand]
u factor
Function: Factors an expression.
Syntax: factor (Exp/Eq/Ineq/List/Mat [ ) ]
• Ineq (inequality) includes the “ꢀ” (not equal to) relational operator.
Example: To factor x2 ꢀ 4x + 4
Menu Item: [Action][Transformation][factor]
u rFactor
Function: Factors an expression up to its roots, if any.
Syntax: rFactor (Exp/Eq/Ineq/List/Mat [ ) ]
• Ineq (inequality) includes the “ꢀ” (not equal to) relational operator.
Example: To factor x2 ꢀ 3
Menu Item: [Action][Transformation][rFactor]
u factorOut
Function: Factors out an expression with respect to a specified factor.
Syntax: factorOut (Exp/Eq/Ineq/List/Mat, Exp [ ) ]
• Ineq (inequality) includes the “ꢀ” (not equal to) relational operator.
Example: To factor “a” out ax2 + bx + c
Menu Item: [Action][Transformation][factorOut]
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2-7-5
Using the Action Menu
u approx
Function: Transforms an expression into a numerical approximation.
Syntax: approx (Exp/Eq/Ineq/List/Mat [ ) ]
• Ineq (inequality) includes the “ꢀ” (not equal to) relational operator.
Example: To obtain the numerical value of
Menu Item: [Action][Transformation][approx]
2
(Display: Normal 1)
Example: To obtain the numerical value of 920
Menu Item: [Action][Transformation][approx]
(Display: Normal 1)
• For information about the internal operations and the number of digits of a displayed
value, see page 2-2-6.
u toFrac
Function: Transforms a decimal value into its equivalent fraction value.
Syntax: toFrac (Exp/Eq/Ineq/List/Mat [ ) ]
• Ineq (inequality) includes the “ꢀ” (not equal to) relational operator.
Example: To transform 5.28 into its equivalent fraction value
Menu Item: [Action][Transformation][toFrac]
u propFrac
Function: Transforms a decimal value into its equivalent proper fraction value.
Syntax: propFrac (Exp/Eq/Ineq/List/Mat [ ) ]
• Ineq (inequality) includes the “ꢀ” (not equal to) relational operator.
Example: To transform 1.2 into its equivalent proper fraction value
Menu Item: [Action][Transformation][propFrac]
Example: To divide x2 by (x – 1)
Menu Item: [Action][Transformation][propFrac]
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2-7-6
Using the Action Menu
u combine
Function: Transforms multiple fractions into their common denominator equivalents and
reduces them, if possible.
Syntax: combine (Exp/Eq/Ineq/List/Mat [ ) ]
• Ineq (inequality) includes the “ꢀ” (not equal to) relational operator.
Example: To transform and reduce (x + 1)/(x + 2) + x(x + 3)
Menu Item: [Action][Transformation][combine]
u collect
Function: Rearranges an expression with respect to a specific variable.
Syntax: collect (Exp/Eq/Ineq/List/Mat[,Exp] [ ) ]
• Ineq (inequality) includes the “ꢀ” (not equal to) relational operator.
Example: To rearrange x2 + ax + bx with respect to x
Menu Item: [Action][Transformation][collect]
• “x” is the default when you omit “[,Exp]”.
u invert
Function: Inverts two variables in an expression.
Syntax: invert (Exp/Eq/Ineq/List [,variable-1, variable-2] [ ) ]
• Ineq (inequality) includes the “ꢀ” (not equal to) relational operator.
Example: To invert x and y in the expression 2x = y
Menu Item: [Action][Transformation][invert]
• x and y are inverted when variables are not specified.
u tExpand
Function: Employs the sum and difference formulas to expand a trigonometric function.
Syntax: tExpand(Exp/Eq/Ineq/List/Mat [ ) ]
• Ineq (inequality) includes the “ꢀ” (not equal to) relational operator.
Example: To expand sin (a + b)
Menu Item: [Action][Transformation][tExpand]
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2-7-7
Using the Action Menu
u tCollect
Function: Employs the product to sum formulas to transform the product of a
trigonometric function into an expression in the sum form.
Syntax: tCollect (Exp/Eq/Ineq/List/Mat [ ) ]
• Ineq (inequality) includes the “ꢀ” (not equal to) relational operator.
Example: To transform cos(a) × cos(b) into an expression in the sum form
Menu Item: [Action][Transformation][tCollect]
u expToTrig
Function: Transforms an exponent into a trigonometric or hyperbolic function.
Syntax: expToTrig (Exp/Eq/Ineq/List/Mat [ ) ]
• Ineq (inequality) includes the “ꢀ” (not equal to) relational operator.
Example: To transform eix into a trigonometric function (Radian mode)
Menu Item: [Action][Transformation][expToTrig]
u trigToExp
Function: Transforms a trigonometric or hyperbolic function into exponential form.
Syntax: trigToExp (Exp/Eq/Ineq/List/Mat [ ) ]
• Ineq (inequality) includes the “ꢀ” (not equal to) relational operator.
Example: To transform coshx into exponential form
Menu Item: [Action][Transformation][trigToExp]
u dms
Function: Transforms a DMS format value into its equivalent degrees-only value.
Syntax: dms (Exp/List-1 [,Exp/List-2][,Exp/List-3] [ ) ]
Example: To transform (3, 5, 6) (= 3q 5’ 6”) into its equivalent degrees-only value
Menu Item: [Action][Transformation][dms]
• Zero is the default when you omit [,Exp/List-2] or [,Exp/List-3][ ) ].
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2-7-8
Using the Action Menu
u toDMS
Function: Transforms a degrees-only value into its equivalent DMS format value.
Syntax: toDMS (Exp/List [ ) ]
Example: To transform 3.085 degrees into its equivalent DMS format value
Menu Item: [Action][Transformation][toDMS]
Using the Calculation Submenu
The [Calculation] submenu contains calculus related commands, such as “diff”
(differentiation) and “∫ ” (integration).
u diff
Function: Differentiates an expression with respect to a specific variable.
Syntax: diff(Exp/List[,variable] [ ) ]
diff(Exp/List,variable,order[,a] [ ) ]
• “a” is the point for which you want to determine the derivative.
• “order” = 1 when you use the following syntax: diff(Exp/List[,variable][ ) ]. The default
variable is “x” when “variable” is omitted.
Example: To differentiate x6 with respect to x
Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][diff]
Example: To find the second derivative of x6 with respect to x
Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][diff]
Example: To find the second derivative of x6 with respect to x at x = 3
Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][diff]
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2-7-9
Using the Action Menu
u ∫
Function: Integrates an expression with respect to a specific variable.
Syntax: ∫ (Exp/List[,variable] [ ) ]
∫ (Exp/List, variable, lower limit, upper limit [,tol] [ ) ]
• “x” is the default when you omit [,variable].
• “tol” represents the allowable error range.
• This command returns an approximate value when a range is specified for “tol ”.
• This command returns the true value of a definite interval when nothing is specified for
“tol”. If the true value cannot be obtained, however, this command returns an
approximate value along with tol =1E – 5.
Example: To integrate x with respect to x
Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][ ∫ ]
1
Example: To integrate
with respect to x between x = 1 and x = 2
x × ln(x)
Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][ ∫ ]
Example: To integrate 2x2 + 3x + 4 with respect to x between x = 1 and x = 5, with an
allowable error range of 1E – 4
Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][ ∫ ]
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2-7-10
Using the Action Menu
u lim
Function: Determines the limit of an expression.
Syntax: lim (Exp/List, variable, point [,direction] [ ) ]
Example: To determine the limit of e–x as x approaches ϱ
Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][lim]
Example: To determine the limit of 1/x as x approaches 0 from the right
Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][lim]
Example: To determine the limit of 1/x as x approaches 0 from the left
Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][lim]
• This function returns the limit from the left when “direction” < 0, the limit from the right
when “direction” > 0, and the limit from both sides (left and right) when “direction” = 0 or
when the direction is omitted.
u Σ
Function: Evaluates an expression at discrete variable values within a range, and then
calculates a sum.
Syntax: Σ(Exp/List, variable, lower value, upper value [ ) ]
Example: To calculate the sum of x2 as the value of x changes from x = 1 through x =10.
Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][Σ]
u Π
Function: Evaluates an expression at discrete variable values within a range, and then
calculates a product.
Syntax: Π(Exp/List, variable, lower value, upper value [ ) ]
Example: To calculate the product of x2 as the value of x changes from x = 1 through
x = 5
Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][Π]
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Using the Action Menu
u fMin
Function: Returns the minimum point in a specific range of a function.
Syntax: fMin(Exp[,variable] [ ) ]
fMin(Exp,variable,start value,end value[,n] [ ) ]
• “x” is the default when you omit “[,variable]”.
• Negative infinity and positive infinity are the default when the syntax fMin (Exp [,
variable] [ ) ] is used.
• “n” is calculation precision, which you can specify as an integer in the range of 1 to 9.
Using any value outside this range causes an error.
• This command returns an approximate value when calculation precision is specified for
“n”.
• This command returns a true value when nothing is specified for “n”. If the true value
cannot be obtained, however, this command returns an approximate value along with
n = 4.
• Discontinuous points or sections that fluctuate widely can adversely affect precision or
even cause an error.
• Inputting a larger number for “n” increases the precision of the calculation, but it also
increases the amount of time required to perform the calculation.
• The value you input for the end point of the interval must be greater than the value you
input for the start point. Otherwise an error occurs.
Example: To find the minimum point of x2 – 1 with respect to x
Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][fMin]
Example: To find the minimum point of x2 – 1 with respect to x, when 2 < x < 3
Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][fMin]
Example: To find the minimum point of x3 – 6x with respect to x,
when –2 < x < 2 and n = 1
Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][fMin]
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Using the Action Menu
u fMax
Function: Returns the maximum point in a specific range of a function.
Syntax: fMax(Exp[,variable] [ ) ]
fMax(Exp,variable,start value,end value[,n] [ ) ]
• “x” is the default when you omit “[,variable]”.
• Negative infinity and positive infinity are the default when the syntax fMax (Exp [,
variable] [ ) ] is used.
• “n” is calculation precision, which you can specify as an integer in the range of 1 to 9.
Using any value outside this range causes an error.
• This command returns an approximate value when calculation precision is specified for
“n”.
• This command returns a true value when nothing is specified for “n”. If the true value
cannot be obtained, however, this command returns an approximate value along with
n = 4.
• Discontinuous points or sections that fluctuate widely can adversely affect precision or
even cause an error.
• Inputting a larger number for “n” increases the precision of the calculation, but it also
increases the amount of time required to perform the calculation.
• The value you input for the end point of the interval must be greater than the value you
input for the start point. Otherwise an error occurs.
Example: To find the maximum point of –x2 + 1 with respect to x
Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][fMax]
Example: To find the maximum point of –x2 + 1, when 2 < x < 5
Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][fMax]
Example: To find the maximum point of x3 – 6x with respect to x,
when –2 < x < 2 and n = 1
Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][fMax]
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Using the Action Menu
u taylor
Function: Finds a Taylor polynomial for an expression with respect to a specific variable.
Syntax: taylor (Exp/List, variable, order [,center point] [ ) ]
Example: To find a 5th order Taylor polynomial for sin(x) with respect to x = 0 (in the
Radian mode)
Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][taylor]
• Zero is the default when you omit “[,center point]”.
u tanLine
Function: Returns the right side of the equation for the tangent line (y = ‘expression’) to
the curve at the specified point.
Syntax: tanLine (Exp/List, variable, variable value at point of tangency [ ) ]
Example: To determine the function of the line tangent to y = x3 at x = 2
Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][tanLine]
u normal
Function: Returns the right side of the equation for the line normal (y = ‘expression’) to
the curve at the specified point.
Syntax: normal (Exp/List, variable, variable value at point of normal [ ) ]
Example: To determine the function of the line normal to y = x3 at x = 2
Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][normal]
u arcLen
Function: Returns the arc length of an expression from a start value to an end value with
respect to a specified variable.
Syntax: arcLen (Exp/List, variable, start value, end value [ ) ]
3
—
2
Example: To determine the arc length for y = x from x = 0 to x = 4
Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][arcLen]
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Using the Action Menu
u gcd
Function: Returns the greatest common denominator of two expressions.
Syntax: gcd (Exp/List-1, Exp/List-2 [ ) ]
Example: To obtain the greatest common denominator of x + 1 and x2 – 3x – 4
Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][gcd]
u lcm
Function: Returns the least common multiple of two expressions.
Syntax: lcm (Exp/List-1, Exp/List-2 [ ) ]
Example: To obtain the least common multiple of x2 – 1 and x2 + 2x – 3
Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][lcm]
u rangeAppoint
Function: Finds an expression or value that satisfies a condition in a specified range.
Syntax: rangeAppoint (Exp/Eq/List, start value, end value [ ) ]
• When using an equation (Eq) for the first argument, input the equation using the syntax
Var = Exp. Evaluation will not be possible if any other syntax is used.
Example: To find the expression(s) in the list {x = π, x = 2π, x = 3π} that belong(s) to the
closed range 0 < x < 5
Menu Item: [Action][Calculation]
[rangeAppoint]
Example: To find the “n” that satisfies the condition 0 < n × π < 5
Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][rangeAppoint]
u denominator
Function: Extracts the denominator of a fraction.
Syntax: denominator (Exp/List [ ) ]
Example: To extract the denominator of the fraction (y – 2)/(x + 1)
Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][denominator]
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Using the Action Menu
u numerator
Function: Extracts the numerator of a fraction.
Syntax: numerator (Exp/List [ ) ]
Example: To extract the numerator of the fraction (y – 2)/(x + 1)
Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][numerator]
u mod
Function: Returns the remainder when one expression is divided by another expression.
Syntax: mod ({Exp/List} -1, {Exp/List}-2 [ ) ]
Example: To determine the remainder when 26 is divided by 3 (26mod3)
Menu Item: [Action][Calculation][mod]
Using the Complex Submenu
The [Complex] submenu contains commands that relate to calculations that involve
complex numbers.
u arg
Function: Returns the argument of a complex number.
Syntax: arg (Exp/Eq/List/Mat [ ) ]
Example: To obtain the argument of complex 2 + i (in the Radian mode)
Menu Item: [Action][Complex][arg]
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Using the Action Menu
u conjg
Function: Returns the conjugate complex number.
Syntax: conjg (Exp/Eq/List/Mat [ ) ]
• An inequality with the “ꢀ” (not equal to) relation symbol is also included (only in the
Real mode).
Example: To obtain the conjugate of complex number 1 + i
Menu Item: [Action][Complex][conjg]
u re
Function: Returns the real part of a complex number.
Syntax: re (Exp/Eq/List/Mat [ ) ]
• An inequality with the “ꢀ” (not equal to) relation symbol is also included (only in the
Real mode).
Example: To obtain the real part of complex number 3 – 4i
Menu Item: [Action][Complex][re]
u im
Function: Returns the imaginary part of a complex number.
Syntax: im (Exp/Eq/List/Mat [ ) ]
• An inequality with the “ꢀ” (not equal to) relation symbol is also included (only in the
Real mode).
Example: To obtain the imaginary part of complex number 3 – 4i
Menu Item: [Action][Complex][im]
u cExpand
Function: Expands a complex expression to rectangular form (a + bi).
Syntax: cExpand (Exp/Eq/List/Mat [ ) ]
• Ineq (inequality) includes the “ꢀ” (not equal to) relational operator.
• The variables are regarded as real numbers.
Example: To expand cos–1(2) (in the Radian mode)
Menu Item: [Action][Complex][cExpand]
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Using the Action Menu
u compToPol
Function: Transforms a complex number into its polar form.
Syntax: compToPol (Exp/Eq/List/Mat [ ) ]
• Ineq (inequality) includes the “ꢀ” (not equal to) relational operator.
Example: To transform 1 + i into its polar form (in the Radian mode)
Menu Item: [Action][Complex][compToPol]
u compToTrig
Function: Transforms a complex number into its trigonometric/hyperbolic form.
Syntax: compToTrig (Exp/Eq/List/Mat [ ) ]
• Ineq (inequality) includes the “ꢀ” (not equal to) relational operator.
Example: To transform 1 + i into its trigonometric form (in the Radian mode)
Menu Item: [Action][Complex][compToTrig]
Using the List-Create Submenu
The [List-Create] submenu contains commands that are related to creating lists.
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Using the Action Menu
u seq
Function: Generates a list in accordance with a numeric sequence expression.
Syntax: seq (Exp, variable, start value, end value [,step size] [ ) ]
Example: To generate a list in accordance with the expression x2 + 2x when the start
value is 1, the end value is 5, and the step size is 2
Menu Item: [Action][List-Create][seq]
• “1” is the default when you omit “[,step size]”.
• The step size must be a factor of the difference between the start value and the end
value.
u augment
Function: Creates a new list by appending one list to another.
Syntax: augment (List-1, List-2 [ ) ]
Example: To combine list {1, 2} and list {3, 4}
Menu Item: [Action][List-Create][augment]
u fill
Function: Replaces the elements of a list with a specified value or expression. This
command can also be used to create a new list whose elements all contain the
same value or expression, or a new list in which the frequency of each element
in the first list is determined by the corresponding element in the second list.
Syntax: fill (Exp/Eq/Ineq, number of elements [ ) ]
fill (Exp/Eq/Ineq, List [ ) ]
• Ineq (inequality) includes the “ꢀ” (not equal to) relational operator.
Syntax: fill (List, List [ ) ]
Example: To create a list consisting of four identical elements (2)
Menu Item: [Action][List-Create][fill]
Example: To replace the elements of the list {1,2,3} with 3
Menu Item: [Action][List-Create][fill]
Example: To create a list in which the frequencies of a, b and c are 1, 2 and 3, respec-
tively
Menu Item: [Action][List-Create][fill]
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Using the Action Menu
u sortA
Function: Sorts the elements of the list into ascending order.
Syntax: sortA (List [ ) ]
Example: To sort the elements of the list {1, 5, 3} into ascending order
Menu Item: [Action][List-Create][sortA]
u sortD
Function: Sorts the elements of the list into descending order.
Syntax: sortD (List [ ) ]
Example: To sort the elements of the list {1, 5, 3} into descending order
Menu Item: [Action][List-Create][sortD]
u shift
Function: Returns a list in which elements have been shifted to the right or left by a
specific amount.
Syntax: shift (List [,number of shifts] [ ) ]
• Specifying a negative value for “[,number of shifts]” shifts to the right, while a positive
value shifts to the left.
Example: To shift the elements of the list {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} to the left by three
Menu Item: [Action][List-Create][shift]
• Right shift by one (–1) is the default when you omit “[,number of shifts]”.
u rotate
Function: Returns a list in which the elements have been rotated to the right or to the left
by a specific amount.
Syntax: rotate (List [,number of rotations] [ ) ]
• Specifying a negative value for “[,number of rotations]” rotates to the right, while a
positive value rotates to the left.
Example: To rotate the elements of the list {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} to the left by two
Menu Item: [Action][List-Create][rotate]
• Right rotation by one (–1) is the default when you omit “[,number of rotations]”.
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Using the Action Menu
u subList
Function: Extracts a specific section of a list into a new list.
Syntax: subList (List [,start number] [,end number] [ ) ]
Example: To extract the second through the fourth elements of the list {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
Menu Item: [Action][List-Create][subList]
• The leftmost element is the default when you omit “[,start number]”, and the rightmost
element is the default when you omit “[,end number]”.
u listToMat
Function: Transforms lists into a matrix.
Syntax: listToMat (List-1 [, List-2, ..., List-N] [ ) ]
Example: To transform the lists {3, 5} and {2, 4} into a matrix
Menu Item: [Action][List-Create][listToMat]
Using the List-Calculation Submenu
The [List-Calculation] submenu contains commands related to list calculations.
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Using the Action Menu
u dim
Function: Returns the dimension of a list.
Syntax: dim (List [ ) ]
Example: To determine the dimension of the list {1, 2, 3}
Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][dim]
u min
Function: Returns the minimum value of an expression or the elements in a list.
Syntax: min (Exp/List-1[, Exp/List-2] [ ) ]
Example: To determine the minimum values of the elements in list {1, 2, 3}
Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][min]
Example: To compare each element of list {1, 2, 3} with the value 2, and produce a list
whose elements contain the lesser value of each comparison
Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][min]
Example: To compare the elements of list {1, 2, 3} and list {3, 1, 2}, and produce a list
whose elements contain the lesser value of each comparison
Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][min]
u max
Function: Returns the maximum value of an expression or the elements of a list.
Syntax: max (Exp/List-1[, Exp/List-2] [ ) ]
Example: To determine the maximum value of the elements in list {1, 2, 3}
Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][max]
Example: To compare each element of list {1, 2, 3} with the value 2, and produce a list
whose elements contain the greater value of each comparison
Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][max]
Example: To compare the elements of list {1, 2, 3} and list {3, 1, 2}, and produce a list
whose elements contain the greater value of each comparison
Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][max]
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Using the Action Menu
u mean
Function: Returns the mean of the elements in a list.
Syntax: mean (List-1[, List-2] [ ) ]
• “List-2” specifies the frequency of each element in “List-1”.
Example: To determine the mean of the elements in list {1, 2, 3}
Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][mean]
Example: To determine the mean of the elements in the list {1, 2, 3}, whose respective
frequencies are {3, 2, 1}
Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][mean]
u median
Function: Returns the median of the elements in a list.
Syntax: median (List-1[, List-2] [ ) ]
• “List-2” specifies the frequency of each element in “List-1”.
Example: To determine the median of the elements in the list {1, 2, 3}
Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][median]
Example: To determine the median of the elements in the list {1, 2, 3}, whose respective
frequencies are {3, 2, 1}
Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][median]
u mode
Function: Returns the mode of the elements in a list.
Syntax: mode (List-1[, List-2] [ ) ]
• “List-2” specifies the frequency of each element in “List-1”.
Example: To determine the mode of the elements in the list {1, 1, 2, 2, 2}
Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][mode]
Example: To determine the mode of the elements in the list {1,2,3}, whose respective
frequencies are {3, 2, 1}
Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][mode]
• If there are multiple modes, they are returned in a list.
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Using the Action Menu
u sum
Function: Returns the sum of the elements in a list.
Syntax: sum (List-1[, List-2] [ ) ]
• “List-2” specifies the frequency of each element in “List-1”.
Example: To determine the sum of the elements in the list {1, 2, 3}
Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][sum]
Example: To determine the sum of the elements in the list {1, 2, 3}, whose respective
frequencies are {3, 2, 1}
Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][sum]
u prod
Function: Returns the product of the elements in a list.
Syntax: prod (List-1[, List-2] [ ) ]
• “List-2” specifies the frequency of each element in “List-1”.
Example: To determine the product of the elements in the list {1, 2, 3}
Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][prod]
Example: To determine the product of the elements in the list {1, 2, 3}, whose respective
frequencies are {3, 2, 1}
Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][prod]
u cuml
Function: Returns the cumulative sums of the elements in a list
Syntax: cuml (List [ ) ]
Example: To determine the cumulative sums of the elements in the list {1, 2, 3}
Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][cuml]
u Alist
Function: Returns a list whose elements are the differences between two adjacent
elements in another list.
Syntax: Alist (List [ ) ]
Example: To generate a list whose elements are the differences between two adjacent
elements in the list {1, 2, 4}
Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][Alist]
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Using the Action Menu
u stdDev
Function: Returns the sample standard deviation of the elements in a list.
Syntax: stdDev (List [ ) ]
Example: To determine the sample standard deviation of the elements in the list {1, 2, 4}
Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][stdDev]
u variance
Function: Returns the sample variance of the elements in a list.
Syntax: variance (List [ ) ]
Example: To determine the sample variance of the elements in the list {1, 2, 4}
Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][variance]
u Q1
Function: Returns the first quartile of the elements in a list.
Syntax: Q1 (List-1[, List-2] [ ) ]
• “List-2” specifies the frequency of each element in “List-1”.
Example: To determine the first quartile of the elements in the list {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][Q1
]
Example: To determine the first quartile of the elements in the list {1, 2, 3, 4}, whose
respective frequencies are {4, 3, 2, 1}
Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][Q1
]
u Q3
Function: Returns the third quartile of the elements in a list.
Syntax: Q3 (List-1[, List-2] [ ) ]
• “List-2” specifies the frequency of each element in “List-1”.
Example: To determine the third quartile of the elements in the list {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][Q3
]
Example: To determine the third quartile of the elements in the list {1, 2, 3, 4}, whose
respective frequencies are {4, 3, 2, 1}
Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][Q3
]
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Using the Action Menu
u percent
Function: Returns the percentage of each element in a list, the sum of which is assumed
to be 100.
Syntax: percent (List [ ) ]
Example: To determine the percentage of each element in the list {1, 2, 3}
Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][percent]
u polyEval
Function: Returns a polynomial arranged in the descending order of powers, so
coefficients correspond sequentially to each element in the input list.
Syntax: polyEval (List [,Exp/List] [ ) ]
Example: To create a second degree polynomial with the coefficients {1, 2, 3}
Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][polyEval]
• “x” is the default when you omit “[,Exp/List]”.
u sequence
Function: Returns the lowest-degree polynomial that represents the sequence expressed
by the input list. When there are two lists, this command returns a polynomial
that maps each element in the first list to its corresponding element in the
second list.
Syntax: sequence (List-1[, List-2] [,variable] [ ) ]
• “x” is the default when you omit “[,variable]”.
Example: To determine a polynomial for a sequence expressed by the list {3, 5, 7, 9}
Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][sequence]
Example: To determine a polynomial that maps each element in the list {1, 3, 5, 7} to its
corresponding element in the list {0, –1, 2, –3}.
Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][sequence]
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Using the Action Menu
u sumSeq
Function: Finds the lowest-degree polynomial that represents the sequence expressed by
the input list and returns the sum of the polynomial. When there are two lists,
this command returns a polynomial that maps each element in the first list to its
corresponding element in the second list, and returns the sum of the
polynomial.
Syntax: sumSeq (List-1[, List-2] [,variable] [ ) ]
• “x” is the default when you omit “[,variable]”.
Example: To determine the sum of a polynomial for a sequence expressed by the list
{3, 5, 7, 9}
Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][sumSeq]
Example: To obtain the polynomial that maps the elements in the list {9, 7, 4, 1} to its
corresponding elements in the list {0, 4, 6, 5}, and return the sum of the
polynomial.
Menu Item: [Action][List-Calculation][sumSeq]
Using the Matrix-Create Submenu
The [Matrix-Create] submenu contains commands related to creation of matrices.
u trn
Function: Returns a transposed matrix.
Syntax: trn (Mat [ ) ]
Example: To transpose the matrix [[1,2] [3,4]]
Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Create][trn]
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Using the Action Menu
u augment
Function: Returns a matrix that combines two other matrices.
Syntax: augment (Mat-1, Mat-2 [ ) ]
Example: To combine the two matrices [[1,2] [3,4]] and [[5,6] [7,8]]
Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Create][augment]
u ident
Function: Creates an identity matrix.
Syntax: ident (natural number [ ) ]
Example: To create a 2 × 2 identity matrix
Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Create][ident]
u fill
Function: Creates a matrix with a specific number of rows and columns, or replaces the
elements of a matrix with a specific expression.
Syntax: fill (Exp, number of rows, number of columns [ ) ]
fill (Exp, Mat [ ) ]
Example: To create a 2 × 3 matrix, all whose elements are 2
Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Create][fill]
Example: To replace all of the elements of the matrix [[1,2] [3,4]] with 3
Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Create][fill]
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Using the Action Menu
u subMat
Function: Extracts a specific section of a matrix into a new matrix.
Syntax: subMat (Mat [,start row] [,start column] [,end row] [,end column] [ ) ]
• “1” is the default when you omit “[, start row]” and “[, start column]”.
• The last row number is the default when you omit “[, end row]”.
• The last column number is the default when you omit “[, end column]”.
Example: To extract the section from row 2, column 2, to row 3, column 3 from the matrix
[[1,4,7] [2,5,8] [3,6,9]]
Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Create][subMat]
u diag
Function: Returns a one-row matrix containing the elements from the main diagonal of a
square matrix.
Syntax: diag (Mat[ ) ]
Example: To extract the diagonal elements of the matrix [[1,2] [3,4]]
Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Create][diag]
u matToList
Function: Transforms a specific column of a matrix into a list.
Syntax: matToList (Mat, column number [ ) ]
Example: To transform column 2 of the matrix [[1,2] [3,4]] into a list
Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Create][matToList]
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Using the Action Menu
Using the Matrix-Calculation Submenu
The [Matrix-Calculation] submenu contains commands that are related to matrix calculations.
u dim
Function: Returns the dimensions of a matrix as a two-element list {number of rows,
number of columns}.
Syntax: dim (Mat [ ) ]
Example: To determine the dimensions of the matrix [[1,2,3] [4,5,6]]
Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Calculation][dim]
u det
Function: Returns the determinant of a square matrix.
Syntax: det (Mat [ ) ]
Example: To obtain the determinant of the matrix [[1,2] [4,5]]
Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Calculation][det]
u norm
Function: Returns the Frobenius norm of the matrix.
Syntax: norm (Mat [ ) ]
Example: To determine the norm of the matrix [[1,2] [4,5]]
Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Calculation][norm]
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Using the Action Menu
u eigVl
Function: Returns a list that contains the eigenvalue(s) of a square matrix.
Syntax: eigVl (Mat [ ) ]
Example: To obtain the eigenvalue(s) of the matrix [[3,4] [1,3]]
Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Calculation][eigVl]
u eigVc
Function: Returns a matrix in which each column represents an eigenvector of a square
matrix.
• Since an eigenvector usually cannot be determined uniquely, it is standardized as
follows to its norm, which is 1:
2
2
2
When V = [x1, x2, ..., xn], ( x1 + x2 + .... + xn ) = 1.
Syntax: eigVc (Mat [ ) ]
Example: To obtain the eigenvector(s) of the matrix [[3,4] [1,3]]
Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Calculation][eigVc]
u rref
Function: Returns the reduced row echelon form of a matrix.
Syntax: rref (Mat [ ) ]
Example: To obtain the reduced row echelon form of the matrix [[2,–1,3,19] [1,1, –5,–21]
[0,4,3,0]]
Menu Item: [Action]
[Matrix-Calculation][rref]
u ref
Function: Returns the row echelon form of a matrix.
Syntax: ref (Mat [ ) ]
Example: To obtain the row echelon form of the matrix [[1,2,3] [4,5,6]]
Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Calculation][ref]
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Using the Action Menu
u LU
Function: Returns the LU decomposition of a square matrix.
Syntax: LU (Mat, lVariableMem, uVariableMem [ ) ]
Example: To obtain the LU decomposition of the matrix [[1,2,3] [4,5,6] [7,8,9]]
• The lower matrix is assigned to the first variable L, while the upper matrix is assigned to
the second variable U.
Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Calculation][LU]
To display the lower matrix
Menu Item: [VAR][CAP][L][EXE]
To display the upper matrix
Menu Item: [VAR][CAP][U][EXE]
u QR
Function: Returns the QR decomposition of a square matrix.
Syntax: QR (Mat, qVariableMem, rVariableMem [ ) ]
Example: To obtain the QR decomposition of the matrix [[1, 2] [3, 4]]
• The unitary matrix is assigned to variable Q, while the upper triangular matrix is
assigned to variable R.
Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Calculation][QR]
To display the unitary matrix
Menu Item: [VAR][CAP][Q][EXE]
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Using the Action Menu
To display the upper triangular matrix
Menu Item: [VAR][CAP][R][EXE]
u swap
Function: Swaps two rows of a matrix.
Syntax: swap (Mat, row number-1, row number-2 [ ) ]
Example: To swap row 1 with row 2 of the matrix [[1,2] [3,4]]
Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Calculation][swap]
u mRow
Function: Multiplies the elements of a specific row in a matrix by a specific expression.
Syntax: mRow (Exp, Mat, row number [ ) ]
Example: To multiply row 1 of the matrix [[1,2] [3,4]] by x
Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Calculation][mRow]
u mRowAdd
Function: Multiplies the elements of a specific row in a matrix by a specific expression,
and then adds the result to another row.
Syntax: mRowAdd (Exp, Mat, row number-1, row number-2 [ ) ]
Example: To multiply row 1 of the matrix [[1,2] [3,4]] by x, and then add the result to row 2
Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Calculation][mRowAdd]
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Using the Action Menu
u rowAdd
Function: Adds a specific matrix row to another row.
Syntax: rowAdd (Mat, row number-1, row number-2 [ ) ]
Example: To add row 1 of the matrix [[1,2] [3,4]] to row 2
Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Calculation][rowAdd]
u rowDim
Function: Returns the number in rows in a matrix.
Syntax: rowDim (Mat [ ) ]
Example: To obtain the number of rows in the matrix [[1,2,3] [4,5,6]]
Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Calculation][rowDim]
u rowNorm
Function: Calculates the sums of the absolute values of the elements of each row of a
matrix, and returns the maximum value of the sums.
Syntax: rowNorm (Mat [ ) ]
Example: To calculate the sums of the absolute values of the elements in each row of the
matrix [[1, –2, 3] [4, –5, –6]], and obtain the maximum value of the sums
Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Calculation][rowNorm]
u colDim
Function: Returns the number of columns in a matrix.
Syntax: colDim (Mat [ ) ]
Example: To obtain the number of columns in the matrix [[1,2] [3,4] [5,6]]
Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Calculation][colDim]
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Using the Action Menu
u colNorm
Function: Calculates the sums of the absolute values of the elements of each column of a
matrix, and returns the maximum value of the sums.
Syntax: colNorm (Mat [ ) ]
Example: To calculate the sums of the absolute values of the elements in each column of
the matrix [[1, –2, 3][4, –5, –6][–7, 8, 9]], and obtain the maximum value of the
sums
Menu Item: [Action][Matrix-Calculation]
[colNorm]
Using the Vector Submenu
The [Vector] submenu contains commands that are related to vector calculations.
• A vector is handled as a 1 × N matrix or N × 1 matrix.
• A vector in the form of 1 × N can be entered as [……] or [[……]].
Example: [1, 2], [[1, 2]]
• Vectors are considered to be in rectangular form unless ∠() is used to indicate an angle
measure.
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Using the Action Menu
u augment
Function: Returns an augmented vector [Mat-1 Mat-2].
Syntax: augment (Mat-1, Mat-2 [ ) ]
Example: To augment vectors [1, 2] and [3, 4]
Menu Item: [Action][Vector][augment]
u fill
Function: Creates a vector that contains a specific number of elements, or replaces the
elements of a vector with a specific expression.
Syntax: fill (Exp, Mat [ ) ]
fill (Exp, 1, number of columns [ ) ]
Example: To replace the elements of the vector [1, 2] with x
Menu Item: [Action][Vector][fill]
Example: To create a 1 × 3 (1 row, 3 columns) vector, all of whose elements are “3”
Menu Item: [Action][Vector][fill]
u toRect
Function: Returns an equivalent rectangular form [x y] or [x y z].
Syntax: toRect (Mat [,natural number] [ ) ]
• This command can be used with a 1 × N or N × 1 matrix only (N = 2, 3).
• This command returns “x” when “natural number” is 1, “y” when “natural number” is 2,
and “z” when “natural number” is 3.
• This command returns a rectangular form when you omit “natural number”.
Example: To transform the polar form [ 2 , ∠(π/4)] into an equivalent rectangular form
(in the Radian mode)
Menu Item: [Action][Vector][toRect]
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Using the Action Menu
u toPol
Function: Returns an equivalent polar form [r∠θ].
Syntax: toPol (Mat [,natural number] [ ) ]
• This command can be used with a 1 × 2 or 2 × 1 matrix only.
• This command returns “r” when “natural number” is 1, and “θ” when “natural number” is
2.
• This command returns a polar form when you omit “natural number”.
Example: To transform the rectangular form [1,2] into its equivalent polar form
Menu Item: [Action][Vector][toPol]
u toSph
Function: Returns an equivalent spherical form [ρ ∠θ ∠φ].
Syntax: toSph (Mat [,natural number] [ ) ]
• This command can be used with a 1 × 3 or 3 × 1 matrix only.
• This command returns “ρ” when “natural number” is 1, “θ” when “natural number” is 2,
and “φ” when “natural number” is 3.
• This command returns a spherical form when you omit “natural number”.
Example: To transform the rectangular form [1,1,1] into its equivalent spherical form
(in the Radian mode)
Menu Item: [Action][Vector][toSph]
u toCyl
Function: Returns an equivalent cylindrical form [r∠θ z]
Syntax: toCyl (Mat [,natural number] [ ) ]
• This command can be used with a 1 × 3 or 3 × 1 matrix only.
• This command returns “r” when “natural number” is 1, “θ” when “natural number” is 2,
and “z” when “natural number” is 3.
• This command returns a cylindrical form when you omit “natural number”.
Example: To transform the rectangular form [1,1,1] into an equivalent cylindrical form
(in the Radian mode)
Menu Item: [Action][Vector][toCyl]
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Using the Action Menu
u dim
Function: Returns the dimension of a vector.
Syntax: dim (Mat [ ) ]
Example: To determine the dimension of the vector [1, 2, 3]
Menu Item: [Action][Vector][dim]
• The vector [1,2,3] is handled as a 1 × 3 matrix.
u crossP
Function: Returns the cross product of two vectors.
Syntax: crossP (Mat-1, Mat-2 [ ) ]
• This command can be used with a 1 × N or N × 1 matrix only (N = 2, 3).
• A two-element matrix [a, b] or [[a], [b]] is automatically converted into a three-element
matrix [a, b, 0] or [[a], [b], [0]].
Example: To obtain the cross product of the two vectors [1, 3, 5] and [2, 4, 6]
Menu Item: [Action][Vector][crossP]
u dotP
Function: Returns the dot product of two vectors.
Syntax: dotP (Mat-1, Mat-2 [ ) ]
• This command can be used with a 1 × N or N × 1 matrix only.
Example: To obtain the dot product of the two vectors [1, 3, 5] and [2, 4, 6]
Menu Item: [Action][Vector][dotP]
u norm
Function: Returns the norm of a vector.
Syntax: norm (Mat [ ) ]
Example: To obtain the norm of the vector [1, 2, 3]
Menu Item: [Action][Vector][norm]
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Using the Action Menu
u unitV
Function: Normalizes a vector.
Syntax: unitV (Mat [ ) ]
• This command can be used with a 1 × N or N × 1 matrix only.
Example: To normalize the vector [1, 3, 5]
Menu Item: [Action][Vector][unitV]
u angle
Function: Returns the angle formed by two vectors.
Syntax: angle (Mat-1, Mat-2 [ ) ]
• This command can be used with a 1 × N or N × 1 matrix only.
Example: To determine the angle formed by vectors [1, 2] and [3, 4] (in the Radian mode)
Menu Item: [Action][Vector][angle]
Using the Equation/Inequality Submenu
The [Equation/Inequality] submenu contains commands that are related to equations and
inequalities.
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Using the Action Menu
u solve
Function: Returns the solution of an equation or inequality.
Syntax: solve (Exp/Eq/Ineq [,variable] [ ) ]
• For this syntax, “Ineq” also includes the ≠ operator.
• “x” is the default when you omit “[,variable]”.
solve (Exp/Eq,variable[, value, lower limit, upper limit] [ ) ]
• This syntax does not support “Ineq”, but the ≠ operator is supported.
• “value” is an initially estimated value.
• This command is valid only for equations and ≠ expressions when “value”
and the items following it are included. In that case, this command returns
an approximate value.
• A true value is returned when you omit “value” and the items following it.
When, however, a true value cannot be obtained, an approximate value is
returned for equations only based on the assumption that value = 0, lower
limit = –ϱ, and upper limit = ϱ.
solve ({Exp-1/Eq-1, ..., Exp-N/Eq-N}, {variable-1, ..., variable-N} [ ) ]
• When “Exp” is the first argument, the equation Exp = 0 is presumed.
Example: To solve ax + b = 0 for x
Menu Item: [Action][Equation/Inequality][solve]
Example: To solve simultaneous linear equations 3x + 4y = 5, 2x – 3y = –8
Menu Item: [Action][Equation/Inequality][solve]
u dSolve
Function: Solves first, second or third order ordinary differential equations, or a system of
first order differential equations.
Syntax: dSolve (Eq, independent variable, dependent variable [, initial condition-1, initial
condition-2][, initial condition-3, initial condition-4][, initial condition-5, initial
condition-6] [ ) ]
dSolve ({Eq-1, Eq-2}, independent variable, {dependent variable-1, dependent
variable-2} [, initial condition-1, initial condition-2, initial condition-3, initial
condition-4] [ ) ]
• If you omit the initial conditions, the solution will include arbitrary constants.
• Input all initial conditions equations using the syntax Var = Exp. Any initial condition that
uses any other syntax will be ignored.
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Using the Action Menu
Example: To solve a differential equation y’ = x, where y = 1 when x = 0.
Menu Item: [Action][Equation/Inequality][dSolve]
Example: To solve the system of first order differential equations y’ = y + z, z’ = y – z,
where “x” is the independent variable, “y” and “z” are the dependent variables,
and the initial conditions are y = 3 when x = 0, and z = 2 – 3 when x = 0
Menu Item: [Action][Equation/Inequality][dSolve]
u rSolve
Function: Returns the explicit formula of a sequence that is defined in relation to one or
two previous terms, or a system of recursive formulas.
Syntax: rSolve (Eq, initial condition-1[, initial condition-2] [ ) ]
rSolve ({Eq-1, Eq-2}, {initial condition-1, initial condition-2} [ ) ]
Example: To obtain the n-th term of a recursion formula an+1 = 3an–1 with the initial
conditions a1=1
Menu Item: [Action][Equation/Inequality][rSolve]
Example: To obtain the n-th term of a recursion formula an+2 – 4an+1 + 4an = 0 with the
initial conditions a1 =1, a2 = 3
Menu Item: [Action][Equation/Inequality][rSolve]
Example: To obtain the n-th terms of a system of recursion formulas an+1 = 3an + bn,
bn+1 = an + 3bn with the initial conditions a1 =2, b1 = 1
Menu Item: [Action][Equation/Inequality][rSolve]
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Using the Action Menu
u rewrite
Function: Moves the right side elements of an equation or inequality to the left side.
Syntax: rewrite (Eq/Ineq/List [ ) ]
• Ineq (inequality) includes the “ꢀ” (not equal to) relational operator.
Example: To move the right side elements of x + 3 = 5x – x2 to the left side
Menu Item: [Action][Equation/Inequality][rewrite]
u exchange
Function: Swaps the right-side and left-side elements of an equation or inequality.
Syntax: exchange (Eq/Ineq/List [ ) ]
• Ineq (inequality) includes the “ꢀ” (not equal to) relational operator.
Example: To swap the left-side and right-side elements of 3 > 5x –2y
Menu Item: [Action][Equation/Inequality][exchange]
u eliminate
Function: Solves one equation with respect to a variable, and then replaces the same
variable in another expression with the obtained result.
Syntax: eliminate (Eq/Ineq/List-1, variable, Eq-2 [ ) ]
• Ineq (inequality) includes the “ꢀ” (not equal to) relational operator.
Example: To transform y = 2x + 3 to x =, and substitute the result into 2x + 3y = 5
Menu Item: [Action][Equation/Inequality][eliminate]
u getRight
Function: Extracts the right-side elements of an equation or inequality.
Syntax: getRight (Eq/Ineq/List [ ) ]
• Ineq (inequality) includes the “ꢀ” (not equal to) relational operator.
Example: To extract the right side elements of y = 2x2 + 3x + 5
Menu Item: [Action][Equation/Inequality][getRight]
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Using the Action Menu
u getLeft
Function: Extracts the left-side elements of an equation or inequality.
Syntax: getLeft (Eq/Ineq/List [ ) ]
• Ineq (inequality) includes the “ꢀ” (not equal to) relational operator.
Example: To extract the left side elements of y = 2x2 + 3x + 5
Menu Item: [Action][Equation/Inequality][getLeft]
u absExpand
Function: Divides an absolute value expression into formulas without absolute value.
Syntax: absExpand (Eq/Ineq [ ) ]
• Ineq (inequality) includes the “ꢀ” (not equal to) relational operator.
Example: To remove the absolute value from |2x – 3| = 9
Menu Item: [Action][Equation/Inequality][absExpand]
u andConnect
Function: Combines two equations or inequalities into a single expression.
Syntax: andConnect (Eq/Ineq-1, Eq/Ineq-2 [ ) ]
• Ineq (inequality) includes the “ꢀ” (not equal to) relational operator.
Example: To rewrite x > –1 and x < 3 into a single inequality
Menu Item: [Action][Equation/Inequality][andConnect]
u and
Function: Returns the result of the logical AND of two expressions.
Syntax: Exp/Eq/Ineq/List-1 and Exp/Eq/Ineq/List-2
• Ineq (inequality) includes the “ꢀ” (not equal to) relational operator.
Example: To obtain the result of the logical AND of x2 > 1 and x < 0
Menu Item: [Action] [Equation/Inequality] [and]
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Using the Action Menu
u or
Function: Returns the result of the logical OR of two expressions.
Syntax: Exp/Eq/Ineq/List-1 or Exp/Eq/Ineq/List-2
• Ineq (inequality) includes the “ꢀ” (not equal to) relational operator.
Example: To obtain the result of the logical OR of x = 3 or x > 2
Menu Item: [Action] [Equation/Inequality] [or]
u xor
Function: Returns the logical exclusive OR of two expressions.
Syntax: Exp/Eq/Ineq/List-1 xor Exp/Eq/Ineq/List-2
• Ineq (inequality) includes the “ꢀ” (not equal to) relational operator.
Example: To obtain the logical exclusive OR of x < 2 xor x < 3
Menu Item: [Action] [Equation/Inequality] [xor]
u not
Function: Returns the logical NOT of an expression.
Syntax: not (Exp/Eq/Ineq/List [ ) ]
• Ineq (inequality) includes the “ꢀ” (not equal to) relational operator.
Example: To obtain the logical NOT of x = 1
Menu Item: [Action][Equation/Inequality][not]
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Using the Action Menu
Using the Assistant Submenu
The [Assistant] submenu contains two commands related to the Assistant mode.
• Note that the following commands are valid in the Assistant mode only. For more
information on the Assistant mode see “Assistant Mode and Algebra Mode” on page 2-2-7.
u arrange
Function: Collects like terms and arranges them in descending order, starting with the
term that contains the smallest coefficient.
Syntax: arrange (Exp/Eq/Ineq/List/Mat [ ) ]
• Ineq (inequality) includes the “ꢀ” (not equal to) relational operator.
Example: To arrange 2x + 3 – 5x + 8y in the sequence of its variables
Menu Item: [Action][Assistant][arrange]
u replace
Function: Replaces the variable in an expression, equation or inequality with the value
assigned to a variable using the “store” command.
Syntax: replace (Exp/Eq/Ineq/List/Mat [ ) ]
• Ineq (inequality) includes the “ꢀ” (not equal to) relational operator.
Example: To replace s in the expression 3x + 2s, when the expression 2x + 1
is assigned to s
Menu Item: [Action][Assistant][replace]
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2-8-1
Using the Interactive Menu
2-8 Using the Interactive Menu
The [Interactive] menu includes all of the commands contained on the [Action] menu. Listed
below are the differences between the [Action] menu and [Interactive] menu.
Interactive Menu and Action Menu
• With the [Action] menu, you select a command to input the appropriate function into the
work area.
• With the [Interactive] menu, you drag the stylus across existing input in the work area and
then select a command. This executes the command operation you selected in the work
area.
• The [Interactive] menu has an “apply” command while the [Action] menu does not.
• When a command uses multiple arguments, a dialog box appears prompting you for the
arguments with the [Interactive] menu.
Tip
• Operation of the following [Interactive] menu commands is identical to the same commands on
the [Action] menu.
[Transformation], [Calculation], [Complex], [List-Create], [List-Calculation], [Matrix-Create],
[Matrix-Calculation], [Vector], [Equation/Inequality], [Assistant]
• For information about using these commands, see “2-7 Using the Action Menu”.
Interactive Menu Example
The following example shows how to use the [Transformation]-[factor] command from both
the [Interactive] menu and the [Action] menu.
3
2
Example: To factorize the expression x – 3x + 3x – 1
u To factorize from the Interactive menu
(1) In the work area, input the expression you want to factorize (x – 3x + 3x – 1).
3
2
(2) Drag the stylus across the expression to select it.
(3) Tap [Interactive], [Transformation], and then [factor].
• This factorizes the selected expression.
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Using the Interactive Menu
u To factorize from the Action menu
(1) Tap [Action], [Transformation], and then [factor].
• This inputs “factor(” into the work area.
(2) Input the expression you want to factorize
3
2
(x – 3x + 3x – 1).
(3) Tap w.
• This factorizes the selected expression.
• Though the above two procedures are quite different, they both produce the same result.
[Interactive] menu operations come in handy in the following cases.
• When you want to use a command on an expression you are calculating
• When you want to use a command that requires multiple arguments
When you use the [Interactive] menu to access a command that requires multiple
arguments, the dialog box that appears for command selection also shows the number of
arguments, the contents of each argument, and the input sequence. This lets you perform
your input without worrying about command syntax.
The following procedure shows an example of using the [Interactive] menu when three
arguments need to be specified.
Example: To obtain the definite integral of x2 + 2x, 1 s x s 2
u ClassPad Operation
(1) In the work area, input the expression ( x2 + 2x).
(2) Drag the stylus across the expression to select it.
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Using the Interactive Menu
(3) Tap [Interactive], [Calculation], and then [ ∫ ].
• This displays the ∫ dialog box.
(4) On the dialog box, tap “Definite integral” to select it.
• This displays boxes for specifying the variable
and the lower limit and the upper limit.
(5) Input the required data for each of the following three arguments.
Variable: x
Lower:
Upper:
1
2
(6) Tap [OK].
• This performs the calculation and displays the
solution.
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2-8-4
Using the Interactive Menu
Using the “apply” Command
The “apply” command is included on the [Interactive] menu only. You can use this command
to execute only a specific part of an expression and display its result.
Example: To calculate the result of diff(sin(x),x) × cos(x) + sin(x) × diff(cos(x),x), and then
calculate only part of the expression
Note
• This procedure assumes that your ClassPad is configured with the following mode settings:
Algebra, Complex, Radian.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Input the example calculation provided above and execute it.
• For details about differential calculations, see “2-7 Using the Action Menu”.
(2) Drag the stylus across “diff(sin(x),x)” to select it.
(3) Tap [Interactive] and then [apply].
• This executes the part of the calculation you selected in step (2). The part of the
calculation that is not selected (× cos(x) + sin(x) × diff(cos(x),x)) is output to the
display as-is.
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2-9-1
Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications
2-9 Using the Main Application in Combination
with Other Applications
You can access the windows of other ClassPad applications from the Main application and
perform copy, paste, and other operations between them.
This section explains how to access the windows of other applications from the Main
application, and provides examples of the various operations you can perform between
them.
Important!
• For details about the windows produced by each ClassPad application, see the chapter
that covers the application. All of the explanations in this section assume that you are
already familiar with the operations in the other ClassPad applications.
Opening Another Application’s Window
Use the following procedure to access the window of another application from the Main
application window.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Tap the down arrow button next to the ! button.
• This displays a palette of application icons.
Graph Editor
Conics Editor
Sequence Editor
3D Graph Editor
List Editor
Graph
Table
Geometry
3D Graph
Numeric Solver
Verify
(2) Tap the button that corresponds to the window you want to display.
• This causes the window that corresponds to the button you tap to appear in the lower
window.
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Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications
Closing Another Application’s Window
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Tap anywhere inside of the window you would like to close.
(2) Tap O and then [Close].
• The Main application work area expands to fill the entire display.
Tip
• Even if you used the icon panel r icon to expand the lower window to fill the entire display,
tapping O and then [Close] closes it and returns to the work area window.
• Nothing happens if you tap O and then [Close] while the work area window is active.
• For more information about enlarging one of the windows on a dual window display to fill the
entire display (r), swapping the contents of the upper window and lower window (S),
making a window active, and other window operations, see “Using a Dual Window Display” on
page 1-5-1.
Using the Graph Window $ and 3D Graph Window %
Dragging a function from the work area to the Graph window $ graphs it in the format of
y = f(x).
Dragging a function from the work area to the 3D Graph window % graphs it in the format
of z = f(x, y).
2
Example: To execute the expression factor(x – 1) in the work area, and then graph x2 – 1
u ClassPad Operation
2
(1) Input “factor (x – 1)” into the work area, and then tap w.
(2) Tap $ to display the Graph window in the lower
window.
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2-9-3
Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications
(3) Drag the stylus across “x^2 – 1” in the work area to
select it.
(4) Drag the selected expression to the Graph window.
2
• This graphs y = x – 1. This graph reveals that
the x-intercepts are x = 1.
Tip
• As can be seen in the above example, a graph can be drawn when you drop an expression in the
form of f(x) into the Graph window. In the case of the 3D Graph window, the expression must be
in the form of f(x,y).
• For more information about the Graph window, see Chapter 3. For more information about the 3D
Graph window, see Chapter 5.
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2-9-4
Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications
Using a Graph Editor Window (Graph & Table: !, Conics: *, 3D
Graph: @, Numeric Solver: 1)
You can copy expressions by dragging them between the work area window and the Graph
Editor, Conics Editor, 3D Graph Editor, and Numeric Solver windows.
Example: To copy an expression in the work area by dragging it to the Graph Editor window
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the work area window, tap ! to display the Graph Editor window in the lower
window.
• If you already have some functions input in the Graph & Table application, those
functions will be displayed on the Graph Editor window.
(2) In the work area, drag the stylus across the expression
you want to copy so it is selected.
(3) Drag the selected expression to the location on the Graph Editor window where you
want to copy it.
• This makes the Graph Editor window active and
copies the expression to the location where you
dropped it.
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2-9-5
Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications
(4) Press E to register the expression.
• The copied expression is displayed in natural format, with the check box
next to it selected.
• You could now tap $ to graph the function.
Tip
• For more information about the Graph Editor window, see Chapter 3. For more information about
the Conics Graph Editor window, see Chapter 4. For more information about the 3D Graph Editor
window, see Chapter 5. For more information about the Numeric Solver window, see Chapter 9.
Using the List Editor Window (
You can use the List Editor window to create new LIST variables and edit existing LIST
variables. You can also use the List Editor window to display the contents of a LIST variable
created using the work area by specifying the LIST variable’s name.
k Example List Operation
The following are the general steps for using the List Editor. The steps indicated in
parentheses refer to the steps under “ClassPad Operation” below.
1. Display the List Editor (step (1)) and input data for two LIST variables named “list1” and
“list2” (step (2)).
2. On the work area window, perform calculations that use “list1” and “list2” (steps (3) and
(4)).
3. Use the work area to assign numbers to a variable and create a new LIST variable (steps
(5) and (6)).
4. Display the List Editor window and recall the LIST variable you created (steps (7), (8) and
(9)).
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Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the work area window, tap ( to display the List Editor window in the lower
window.
(2) Input the following list data into the lists named “list1”
and “list2”. list1 = {1, 2, 3} list2 = {4, 5, 6}
(3) Make the work area window active, and then perform
the following calculation: list1 + list2 S list3.
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Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications
(4) Tap the List Editor window to make it active.
• Here you can see that list3 contains the result of
list1 + list2.
(5) Tap the work area window to make it active.
(6) Perform the operation {12,24,36}⇒test, which
assigns the list data {12,24,36} to the LIST variable
named “test”.
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Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications
(7) Tap the List Editor window to make it active.
(8) Scroll the screen to the right until the blank list to
the right of “list6” is visible.
(9) Tap the blank cell next to “list6”, input “test”, and then tap w.
• This displays the list data {12, 24, 36}, which is assigned to the variable named
“test”.
• At this point you can perform list editing operations
like append, delete, edit, etc.
Tip
• list1 through list6 are LIST type system variables. For more information, see “1-7 Variables and
Folders”.
• For information about inputting and editing list data using the List Editor, see Chapter 7.
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Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications
Using the Geometry Window 3
When there is a Geometry window on the display, you can drag values and expressions to
the Geometry window to draw the graph or figure of the value or expression. You can also
drag a figure from the Geometry window to the work area, which displays the corresponding
expression or value.
k Dragging an Expression from the Work Area to the Geometry Window
2
2
2
Example: To input the expressions x /52 + y /22 = 1 and x + y2 = 1 in the work area,
and then drag them to the Geometry window
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Input the two expressions into the work area.
(2) Tap 3 to display the Geometry window in the lower window.
• The Geometry window that initially appears is blank.
2
2
(3) Drag the stylus across x /52 + y /22 = 1
in the work area to select it.
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Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications
(4) Drag the selected expression to the Geometry window.
• An ellipse appears in the Geometry window.
2
2
(5) Drag the stylus across x + y = 1 in the work area to select it.
(6) Drag the selected expression to the Geometry window.
• A circle appears in the Geometry window.
Tip
• The following table shows the types of expressions you can drop into the Geometry window.
Dropping this into the Geometry window:
Linear equation in x and y
Displays this:
An infinite line
A circle
Equation of circle in x and y
Equation of ellipse in x and y
An ellipse
A point
2-dimensional vector (2 rows × 1 column format)
Equation y = f(x)
A curve
A polygon (each column
represents a vertex of the polygon)
2 × n matrix, n > 3
n × 2 matrix, n > 3
An open polygon
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Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications
k Dragging a Figure from the Geometry Window to the Work Area
The following shows what happens when you drag a figure from the Geometry window to the
work area.
Displays this:
Dropping this into the work area:
Point
Line
Coordinates as a vector (2 × 1 matrix)
Equation of the line
An ordered pair (head of vector
assuming the tail is at the origin)
Vector
Corresponding equation
Circle, Arc, Ellipse, Function, or Curve
Polygon
2 ×
n
matrix
Open Polygon (Created by Animation)
n
× 2 matrix
Simultaneous equations for the pair
Line Pair
A point and its image under a transformation
Matrix expression for the transformation
Point
Circle
A point and its image
Tip
• For details about Geometry window operations, see Chapter 8.
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Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications
Using the Sequence Editor Window &
Displaying the Sequence Editor window from the Main application makes it possible for you
to perform the same operations you can perform in the Sequence application. You can also
use drag and drop to copy expressions between the work area and the Sequence Editor
window.
Tip
• For information about Sequence Editor operations and other Sequence application operations,
see Chapter 6.
Using the Table Window #
While the Table window is in the lower window, you can drag expressions obtained from
calculations in the work area into a table. This helps to make table data input quick and easy.
2
Example: To execute the expression x – 1 in the work area and then drag its result into a
table in the Table window
u ClassPad Operation
2
(1) Input (x – 1) into the work area, and then tap w.
(2) Tap # to display the Table window in the lower window.
(3) In the work area, drag the stylus across the expression
or calculation result you want to copy so it is selected.
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Using the Main Application in Combination with Other Applications
(4) Drag the selected expression to the Table window.
• This creates the table.
Tip
• The above procedure creates a table in accordance with the current “Table Input” settings. For
details about configuring “Table Input” settings, see Chapter 3.
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Using Verify
2-10 Using Verify
Verify provides you with a powerful tool to check whether your numeric or algebraic
manipulations are correct. Verify will assist you in simplifying an expression by verifying
whether or not the expression you entered is equivalent to your original expression. If it is,
you will get a pleasant response; if not, you will need to correct your mistake before
continuing.
You can access Verify within the Main application or the eActivity application. In the Main
application, you can save Verify sessions in ClassPad memory and reopen the session for
future use.
Verify sessions can also be saved within an eActivity. For more information on saving an
eActivity, see “10-2 Creating an eActivity”.
Important!
• Most Verify operations are the same in both the Main application and the eActivity
application.
Starting Up Verify
Use the following procedure to start up Verify.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Tap the toolbar down arrow button.
(2) On the icon palette that appears, tap W.
Left-side expression
Right-side expression
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Using Verify
Verify Menus and Buttons
This section provides basic information about Verify menus, commands, and buttons.
Tip
• O menu items are the same for all applications. For more information, see “Using the O
Menu” on page 1-5-4.
k File Menu (Main Application Only)
Select this File
menu item:
To do this:
Discard the current window contents and create a new file
Open an existing file
New
Open
Save
Save the current window contents to a file
k Edit Menu
Select this Edit
menu item:
To do this:
Undo the last operation or redo an operation that was just undone
Cut the currently selected object and place it onto the clipboard
Copy the currently selected object and place it onto the clipboard
Paste the current clipboard contents onto the screen
Select the entire row where the cursor is located
Delete the entire row where the cursor is located
Clear the Verify window
Undo/Redo
Cut
Copy
Paste
Select All
Delete
Clear All
k Action Menu
For information about Action menu commands, see “2-7 Using the Action Menu”.
Important!
Some Action menu commands are not useful in Verify, but for ease of use Verify’s Action
menu is identical to the Action menus in the Main application and the eActivity application.
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Using Verify
k Verify Buttons
To do this:
Tap this Verify button:
Clear the Verify window (same as the Clear All command)
Open or save a file (Main application only)
E
R
T
Y
Specify the complex number calculation range for Verify
Specify the real number calculation range for Verify
Using Verify
The following examples show the basic steps for using Verify.
Important!
• In Verify, you can press E or tap with the stylus to move the cursor between lines.
• A message will appear to let you know whether or not the calculation result is valid.
u ClassPad Operation
Example 1: To factor 50 completely
(1) Tap the toolbar down arrow button.
(2) On the icon palette that appears, tap W.
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Using Verify
(3) Input 50 and tap w.
(4) Following the equal sign (=), input 25 × 3 and tap w.
(5) Tap [OK] to close the error dialog that appears.
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Using Verify
(6) Change 25 × 3 to 25 × 2 and tap w.
(7) Following the next equal sign (=), input 5 × 5 × 2 and tap w.
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Using Verify
Example 2: To rewrite x2 + 1 in factored form
(1) Tap the left most toolbar icon E to begin a new Verify session.
(2) Tap [OK] to clear the window.
(3) Tap the down arrow on the toolbar and select T.
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Using Verify
(4) Input x^2 + 1 and press E.
(5) Input (x + i)(x – i) and press E.
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Chapter
3
Using the Graph & Table
Application
The Graph & Table application allows you to input and graph
rectangular coordinate equations (or inequalities), polar coordinate
equations, and parametric expressions. After you graph an expression,
you can zoom in or out, and move a pointer along the graph, displaying
its coordinates as you go. You can also perform various graph-based
analytical operations to determine the points of intersect of two graphs,
and to determine the maximum, minimum, point of inflection, and
definite integral for a particular range of a parabola or other figure. You
can even generate number tables and summary tables for functions
that you input.
3-1 Graph & Table Application Overview
3-2 Using the Graph Window
3-3 Storing Functions
3-4 Using Table & Graph
3-5 Modifying a Graph
3-6 Using the Sketch Menu
3-7 Using Trace
3-8 Analyzing a Function Used to Draw a Graph
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Graph & Table Application Overview
3-1 Graph & Table Application Overview
This section describes the configuration of the Graph & Table application windows and
provides basic information about its menus and commands.
Starting Up the Graph & Table Application
Use the following procedure to start up the Graph & Table application.
u ClassPad Operation
On the application menu, tap T.
This starts the Graph & Table application and displays the Graph Editor window and the
Graph window.
Graph & Table Application Window
When you start up the Graph & Table application, two windows appear on the display:
the Graph Editor window and the Graph window.
Graph Editor
Line numbers
window
Graph window
Message box
• A Graph Editor sheet can contain up to 20 functions. You can have up to 100 functions
stored in the Graph Editor at one time. Functions stored in the Graph Editor can be
graphed on the Graph window.
• The Graph window and Table window have a message box along the bottom that can
display expressions and values, or be used for input and editing.
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Graph & Table Application Overview
You can also use a function on the Graph Editor window to generate a number table or a
summary table. Number tables and summary tables are displayed in a Table window.
Table window
• The Graph Editor window or Graph window is hidden in the background while the Table
window is displayed. The Graph & Table application always displays two windows at the
same time.
Graph & Table Application Menus and Buttons
This section explains the operations you can perform using the Graph & Table application
menus and buttons.
• For information about the O menu, see “Using the O Menu” on page 1-5-4.
k Graph Editor Window Menus and Buttons
Tap this Or select this
button: menu item:
To do this:
Cut the selected character string and place it onto the
clipboard
—
—
—
Edit - Cut
Copy the selected character string to the clipboard
Edit - Copy
Edit - Paste
Paste the contents of the clipboard at the current cursor
position in the Graph Editor window
Select the entire expression you are editing
—
—
Edit - Select All
Edit - Clear All
Clear all of the expressions from the Graph Editor window
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Graph & Table Application Overview
Tap this Or select this
button: menu item:
To do this:
Input a rectangular coordinate type function
Input a polar coordinate type function
Input a parametric function
d
f
g
h
j
l
'
X
k
;
Z
C
—
Type - y= Type
Type - r= Type
Type - ParamType
Type - x= Type
Type - y> Type
Type - y< Type
Type - yt Type
Type - ys Type
Type - x> Type
Type - x< Type
Type - xt Type
Type - xs Type
GMem - Store
GMem - Recall
a - Built-In
Input an X equality
Input a rectangular coordinate type inequality
Input an X inequality
Save all of the expressions on the Graph Editor window
Recall batch saved data to the Graph Editor window
Use a built-in function for input
—
—
a - Sheet -
Delete all of the expressions on the active sheet
Return all sheet names to their initial defaults
—
—
Clear Sheet
a - Sheet -
Default Name
Graph the selected function(s)
$
#
4
q
—
—
—
—
Generate a table for the selected function
Generate a summary table for the selected function
Delete the selected function(s)
Display the View Window dialog box to configure Graph
window settings
O - Settings -
6
8
5
View Window
Display the Table Input dialog box for configuring settings
—
O - Settings -
Variable Manager
Display the Variable Manager (page 1-8-1)
Save the current expression data (y1=, y2=, etc.) to
ClassPad memory
{
—
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Graph & Table Application Overview
k Graph Window Menus and Buttons
Tap this Or select this
button: menu item:
To do this:
Cut the character string selected in the message box
and place it onto the clipboard
—
—
—
Edit - Cut
Copy the character string selected in the message box
to the clipboard
Edit - Copy
Edit - Paste
Paste the contents of the clipboard at the current cursor
position in the message box
Select all of the text in the message box
Clear all of the Graph window contents
Enlarge the part of the screen bounded by a box
Specify a zoom factor
—
—
Edit - Select All
Edit - Clear All
Zoom - Box
Q
—
Zoom - Factor
Zoom - Zoom In
Zoom - Zoom Out
Zoom in by the zoom factor
—
Zoom out by the zoom factor
—
Configure View Window y-axis parameters and redraw
the graph so it fills the graph screen along the y-axis
R
—
Zoom - Auto
Return a graph to its original size
Zoom - Original
Zoom - Square
Adjust View Window x-axis values so they are identical
to the y-axis values
—
Round coordinate values displayed using Trace
(page 3-7-1)
—
—
—
—
Zoom - Round
Zoom - Integer
Zoom - Previous
Make the value of each dot equal 1, which makes all
coordinate values integers
Return View Window parameters to their settings prior
to the last zoom operation
Zoom -
Quick Initialize
—
—
—
—
—
Zoom - Quick Trig
Zoom - Quick log(x)
Zoom - Quick e^x
Zoom - Quick x^2
Zoom - Quick –x^2
Perform a quick zoom operation (page 3-2-9)
Zoom -
Quick Standard
—
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Graph & Table Application Overview
Tap this Or select this
button: menu item:
To do this:
Display the coordinates at a particular point on a graph
=
Analysis - Trace
Insert a point, graphic, or text into an existing graph
(page 3-6-1)
—
Analysis - Sketch
Analysis - G-Solve -
Root
Y
U
I
—
Obtain the root (x-intercept) of a graph
Obtain the maximum value of a graph
Obtain the minimum value of a graph
Obtain the y-intercept of a graph
Analysis - G-Solve -
Max
Analysis - G-Solve -
Min
Analysis - G-Solve -
y-Intercept
Analysis - G-Solve -
Intersect
—
Obtain the point of intersection for two graphs
Obtain the y-coordinate for a given x-coordinate
Obtain the x-coordinate for a given y-coordinate
Obtain the definite integral for a particular range
Obtain the point of inflection
Analysis - G-Solve -
y-Cal
—
Analysis - G-Solve -
x-Cal
—
Analysis - G-Solve -
∫dx
—
Analysis - G-Solve -
Inflection
—
Analysis - G-Solve -
Distance
—
Obtain the distance between two points
Obtain the volume of a solid of revolution
Analysis - G-Solve -
π ∫ (f (x))2 dx
—
Modify a graph by changing the value of a coefficient
Save a graph as image data (page 3-2-10)
-
—
Analysis - Modify
a - Store Picture
a - Recall Picture
a - Graph Controller
Recall the image of a graph (page 3-2-10)
—
Display the Graph Controller dialog box (page 3-5-4)
—
Use a built-in function template to input a function for
graphing
• Note that built-in functions cannot be used for input
on the Graph Editor window.
—
a - Built-In
Re-draw a graph
—
a - ReDraw
Generate a number table for an existing graph
Generate a summary table for an existing graph
Make the Graph Editor window active
#
4
!
—
—
—
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Graph & Table Application Overview
Tap this Or select this
button: menu item:
To do this:
Display the View Window dialog box to configure Graph
window settings
O - Settings -
6
View Window
Display the Table Input dialog box for configuring settings
Pan the Graph window
8
T
—
—
O - Settings -
Variable Manager
Display the Variable Manager (page 1-8-1)
5
k Table Window Menus and Buttons
Tap this Or select this
button: menu item:
To do this:
Cut the character string selected in the message box
and place it onto the clipboard
—
—
—
Edit - Cut
Copy the character string selected in the message box
to the clipboard
Edit - Copy
Edit - Paste
Paste the contents of the clipboard at the current cursor
position in the message box
Select all of the text in the message box
Clear all of the Table window contents
Delete a line from a table
—
—
Edit - Select All
Edit - Clear All
T-Fact - Delete
T-Fact - Insert
T-Fact - Add
—
Insert a line into a table
—
Add a line after the currently selected line
Draw a connect type graph using a generated table
Draw a plot type graph using a generated table
Save the contents of a table to a list
Re-generate a table based on current table settings
Delete the displayed table
—
$
!
—
Graph - G-Connect
Graph - G-Plot
a - Table to List
a - ReTable
—
—
a - Delete Table
Move the pointer to the location on a graph that
corresponds to the value selected in a table
—
a - Link
Make the Graph Editor window active
!
6
8
—
Display the View Window dialog box to configure Graph
window settings
O - Settings -
View Window
Display the Table Input dialog box for configuring settings
—
O - Settings -
Variable Manager
Display the Variable Manager (page 1-8-1)
5
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3-1-7
Graph & Table Application Overview
Graph & Table Application Status Bar
The status bar at the bottom of the Graph & Table application shows the current angle unit
setting and [Complex Format] setting (page 14-3-2).
Angle unit Real mode
If you see this:
It means this:
Rad
Deg
Cplx
Real
The angle unit setting is radians.
The angle unit setting is degrees.
The Complex (complex number calculation) mode is selected.
The Real (real number calculation) mode is selected.
Graph & Table Application Basic Operations
This section explains how to input a function on the Graph Editor window and then graph it
on the Graph window. These are the most basic operations you can perform with the Graph
& Table application.
k Function Storage and Graphing Example
This example shows how to input two functions on Sheet 1 of the Table & Graph application,
and then draw their graphs.
Tip
• The Graph Editor window has five sheets, named Sheet 1 through Sheet 5, for input of
expressions. For more information, see “Using Graph Editor Sheets” on page 3-3-1.
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Graph & Table Application Overview
Example 1: To input the function y = 3x2 on Sheet 1 and graph it
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the application menu, tap
.
T
• This starts the Graph & Table application.
(2) In the Graph Editor window, tap the input box immediately to the right of line number
y1.
• This locates the cursor in the input box for line y1.
Cursor
(3) Input the expression.
3x{2E
• Pressing E stores the expression you input and puts a check mark into the check
box to the left of line number y1. When a line number has a check mark next to it, it
means that the expression is currently selected for graphing.
When you input an expression,
the line style that will be used for
the graph will appear here. See
page 3-3-8 for information about
configuring line settings.
Hint:
Tap the line that is circled above!
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3-1-9
Graph & Table Application Overview
(4) Tap $.
• This graphs the expression.
The expression is displayed in the message box while the graph is being drawn.
Tip
• The Graph window message box is for both input and output. It displays information about the
function and other information. You can also use it to edit the function, which causes the graph to
change shape. Details about the information that appears in the message box and how to use the
message box are covered on page 1-6-8.
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3-1-10
Graph & Table Application Overview
Example 2: To input the function r = 3sin2θ into line 2 of Sheet 1 and graph it
In Example 1, we graphed a rectangular expression in the form of y = f(x). You can also input
polar coordinate expressions, inequalities, and other types of functions for graphing as well.
In this example, we input and graph the polar coordinate expression r = 3sin2θ. Note that
the following sample procedure assumes that you have already completed the steps for
Example 1.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Tap anywhere inside of the Graph Editor window to make it active.
(2) Tap the down arrow next to “y =”, or on the menu tap [Type]. On the list that appears,
tap “r =”.
• This causes the line numbers next to any line on the Graph Editor window that does
not contain an expression to change from “y” to “r” (r2, r3, etc.). The line numbers of
lines that already contain expressions do not change.
(3) Tap the input box to the right of line number r2 and input the expression.
k9dTsc8)w
• Tapping w stores the expression you input and puts a check mark into the check
box to the left of line number r2. When a line number has a check mark next to it, it
means that the expression is currently selected for graphing.
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3-1-11
Graph & Table Application Overview
(4) Tap $.
• Since there are check marks next to both “y1” and “r2”, both expressions are
graphed.
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3-2-1
Using the Graph Window
3-2 Using the Graph Window
This section explains Graph window operations, including configuring display settings,
scrolling, zooming the image, and more.
Configuring View Window Parameters for the Graph Window
The View Window dialog box lets you specify the maximum and minimum values for each
axis, the space between the marks on each axis (the scale), and other graph display
parameters. Before drawing a graph, be sure to first configure View Window parameters to
ensure proper display of the graph.
u To configure View Window parameters
(1) On the application menu, tap
.
T
(2) Tap 6, or tap O, [Settings] and then [View Window].
• This displays the View Window dialog box.
(3) Configure View Window parameters required for the type of graph you want to draw.
• Press c to move the cursor and then input an appropriate value for each parameter.
Rectangular Coordinates
Use this item:
xmin
To configure this View Window parameter:
x
x
x
-axis minimum value
-axis maximum value
-axis marker spacing
xmax
xscale
xdot
Value of each dot on the
x
y
-axis
-axis
ymin
y
y
y
-axis minimum value
-axis maximum value
-axis marker spacing
ymax
yscale
ydot
Value of each dot on the
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Using the Graph Window
• You can also use the rectangular coordinate View Window dialog box to select x-log
graph, y-log graph, or xy-log graph.
To select this type of graph:
-log graph
Do this:
Select the x-log check box.
x
• This automatically sets “xdot” and
“xscale” to “Undefined”.
y
-log graph
Select the y-log check box.
• This automatically sets “ydot” and
“yscale” to “Undefined”.
xy-log graph
Select the
x-log check box and the
y
-log check box.
This automatically sets “xdot”, “xscale”,
“ydot”, and “yscale” to “Undefined”.
Polar Coordinates and Parametric Coordinates
Use this item: To configure this View Window parameter:
min
t max
t
θ
Minimum value of
t
θ
Maximum value of
t
θ
θ
t
θ
step
Step size of
t
θ
(4) After all the parameters are the way you want, tap [OK].
Tip
• When you tap [OK] after changing View Window dialog box settings while the Graph window is
active, the graph is redrawn automatically using the new View Window settings.
• If the Graph window is not active, tapping [OK] closes the View Window dialog box without
redrawing the graph. To redraw the graph in this case, tap $ on the Graph Editor window.
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3-2-3
Using the Graph Window
u View Window parameter precautions
• An error occurs if you input 0 for tθstep.
• An error also occurs if you input a value that is out of range for a parameter, if you input a
minus sign only, or if you perform any other illegal input.
• An error occurs if ymin is greater than or equal to the ymax. The same is also of the xmin
and xmax. If the value you specify for tθmin is greater than the value you specify for tθmax,
the tθstep setting is automatically changed to a negative value.
• When the View Window setting produces an axis that does not fit on the display, the scale
of the axis is indicated on the edge of the display closest to the origin.
• Changing the xmin (ymin) or xmax (ymax) value automatically changes the xdot (ydot)
value, while changing the xdot (ydot) value automatically changes the xmax (ymax) value.
u To initialize View Window parameters
(1) On the application menu, tap
.
T
(2) Tap 6. This displays the View Window dialog box.
(3) Tap [Memory] and then [Initial]. This initializes View Window parameters to the values
noted below.
xmin = –7.7 xmax = 7.7 xscale = 1 xdot = 0.1
ymin = –3.8 ymax = 3.8 yscale = 1 ydot = 0.1
tθmin = 0
tθmax = 6.28318530717 tθstep = 0.05235987755
u To initialize the View Window for an angle unit
(1) On the application menu, tap
.
T
(2) Tap 6. This displays the View Window dialog box.
(3) Tap [Memory] and then [Trigonometric]. This initializes View Window parameters in
accordance with the angle unit, as shown below.
(Setup: Radian)
xmin = –9.4247779607
xscale = 1.57079632679
ymin = –1.6
xmax = 9.42477796076
xdot = 0.12239971377
ymax = 1.6
yscale = 0.5
ydot = 0.04210526315
tθmax = 6.28318530717
tθmin = 0
tθstep = 0.05235987755
(Setup: Degree)
xmin = –540 xmax = 540 xscale = 90 xdot = 7.01298701298
ymin = –1.6 ymax = 1.6
tθmin = 0
yscale = 0.5 ydot = 0.04210526315
tθmax = 360 tθstep = 3
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3-2-4
Using the Graph Window
u To standardize the View Window
(1) On the application menu, tap
.
T
(2) Tap 6. This displays the View Window dialog box.
(3) Tap [Memory] and then [Standard]. This applies the standard View Window parameters
shown below.
xmin = –10 xmax = 10 xscale = 1 xdot = 0.12987012987
ymin = –10 ymax = 10 yscale = 1 ydot = 0.26315789473
tθmin = 0
tθmax= 6.28318530717 tθstep = 0.05235987755
u To auto configure View Window parameters
(1) On the application menu, tap
.
T
(2) Tap 6. This displays the View Window dialog box.
(3) Tap [Memory] and then [Undefined]. This causes View Window parameters to be
configured automatically in accordance with the function on the Graph Editor window.
• When multiple expressions are selected for graphing, the one with the lowest
numbered line is used for auto setting of View Window parameters.
Tip
• Initializing or standardizing View Window parameters causes polar/parametric coordinate values
tθmin, tθmax, and tθstep to be adjusted automatically in accordance with the currently selected
angle unit. In the Degree mode, for example, the following settings are configured:
tθmin = 0, tθmax = 360, tθstep = 3
k Using View Window Memory
You can store your custom View Window settings for later use.
u To save the current View Window setup
(1) On the application menu, tap
.
T
(2) Tap 6.
(3) On the View Window dialog box, configure the parameters you want.
(4) Tap [Memory] and then [Store]. This displays a dialog box for inputting a name for the
View Window setup.
(5) Enter the name and then tap [OK].
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3-2-5
Using the Graph Window
u To recall a setup from View Window memory
(1) On the application menu, tap
.
T
(2) Tap 6. This displays the View Window dialog box.
(3) Tap [Memory] and then [Recall]. This displays a list of names of the View Window
setups you have stored in memory.
(4) Select the name of the setup you want, and then tap [OK].
Tip
• Recalling a View Window setup causes the current View Window parameters to be replaced by
the parameters of the recalled setup.
Scrolling the Graph Window
After drawing a graph, you can use either of the two operations to scroll it up, down, left, or
right.
• Tap the graph controller arrows at the edges of the Graph window.
• Use the cursor key.
Graph controller arrows
Tip
• You can also use the graph controller arrows and cursor key to change the configuration of a
graph. For details, see “3-5 Modifying a Graph”.
Panning the Graph Window
Placing the stylus against the Graph window and dragging causes the window to scroll
automatically in the direction you drag.
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3-2-6
Using the Graph Window
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Tap the Graph window to make it active.
(2) Tap T.
(3) Holding the stylus anywhere against the Graph window, drag it in the direction you
want.
• This causes the Graph window to scroll automatically in accordance with the
dragging.
After T is tapped
While panning
(4) When the Graph window shows the area you want, remove the stylus from the display.
• This causes the graph to be redrawn on the Graph window.
Zooming the Graph Window
Your ClassPad provides you with a wide selection of zoom commands that you can use to
enlarge or reduce an entire graph or a specific area of a graph.
k Zoom Commands
The Graph window’s [Zoom] menu contains the zoom commands described in the table
below.
Zoom Command
Description
With “box zoom”, you draw a selection boundary around the area you
would like to enlarge. This causes the selected area to be enlarged so
it fills the entire graph display.
Box
“Factor zoom” lets you specify a zoom factor for enlarging or reducing
a graph.
Factor
Zoom In
Zoom Out
Use the [Factor] command to configure zoom factor settings, the
[Zoom In] command to zoom in, and the [Zoom Out] command to
zoom out.
“Auto zoom” automatically configures View Window
redraws the graph so it fills the Graph window along the
y
-axis values and
-axis.
Auto
y
Original
Square
Return a graph to its original View Window settings
Executing this command adjusts View Window
they are identical to the -axis values.
x-axis values so that
y
Round View Window settings (xmin, xmax, xdot) to an appropriate
number of decimal places and redraw the graph.
Round
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3-2-7
Using the Graph Window
Zoom Command
Description
This command makes the value of each dot equal 1, which makes all
coordinate values integers.
Integer
Performing a zoom operation changes View Window parameter
values. Execute this command to return View Window parameters to
their settings prior to the last zoom operation.
Previous
Quick Initialize
Quick Trig
Quick log (
Quick e^
Quick ^2
Quick – ^2
x)
These seven quick zoom commands cause the graph to be redrawn
using preset View Window parameter values (page 3-2-9).
x
x
x
Quick Standard
u To use box zoom
Example: To use box zoom to enlarge part of the graph y = (x + 5)(x + 4)(x + 3)
(1) On the application menu, tap
.
T
(2) On the Graph Editor window, input y = (x + 5)(x + 4)(x + 3).
• For details about how to input an expression, see “Function Storage and Graphing
Example” on page 3-1-7 and “3-3 Storing Functions”.
(3) Tap $ to graph the functions.
(4) Tap [Zoom] and then [Box], or tap Q.
(5) On the Graph window, drag the stylus to draw a selection boundary around the area
you want to enlarge.
(6) Remove the stylus from the display and the area within the selection boundary
expands to fill the entire Graph window.
Box Zoom Result
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3-2-8
Using the Graph Window
u To use factor zoom
Example: To enlarge the graphs of the following two expressions, by a factor of 5 in both
directions, to determine whether they come into contact with each other
y1 = (x + 4)(x + 1)(x – 3)
y2 = 3x + 22
(1) On the application menu, tap
.
T
(2) On the Graph Editor window, input y1 = (x + 4)(x + 1)(x – 3) and y2 = 3x + 22.
• For details about how to input an expression, see “Function Storage and Graphing
Example” on page 3-1-7 and “3-3 Storing Functions”.
(3) Tap 6 to display the View Window, and then configure it with the following
parameters.
xmin = –8, xmax = 8, xscale = 1
ymin = –30, ymax = 30, yscale = 5
• See “To configure View Window parameters” on page 3-2-1.
(4) Tap $ to graph the functions.
(5) Tap [Zoom] and then [Factor].
• This displays a dialog box for configuring x- and y-axis zoom factor settings.
(6) Input 5 for both the xFactor and yFactor, and then tap [OK].
(7) Tap T, and then use the stylus to drag the screen image so the part you want to zoom
is in the center of the screen.
(8) Tap [Zoom] and then [Zoom In].
Factor Zoom Result
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3-2-9
Using the Graph Window
k Using Quick Zoom
The seven quick zoom commands draw a graph using preset built-in View Window
parameter values.
View Window Parameter Values
Command
xmin
–7.7
xmax
7.7
xscale
1
ymin
–3.8
ymax
3.8
yscale
1
Quick Initialize
Quick Trig
–9.424
(–3π)
9.424
(3π)
1.570
(π/2)
–1.6
1.6
0.5
Quick log (x)
Quick e^x
Quick x^2
Quick –x^2
Quick Standard
–2
13.4
2.2
7.7
7.7
10
2
1
2
2
1
–3.8
–1.4
–10
–66
–10
3.8
9
1
1
5
5
1
–2.2
–7.7
–7.7
–10
66
10
10
The applicable set of View Window parameter values is applied as soon as you select a
quick zoom command on the Graph window’s [Zoom] menu.
Tip
• Any View Window parameter that is not shown in the above table is unchanged when you
execute a quick zoom command.
• When the angle unit setting is degrees, Quick Trig configures the following values.
xmin = –540, xmax = 540, xscale = 90
ymin = –1.6, ymax = 1.6, yscale = 0.5
k Using Other Zoom Menu Commands
The [Auto], [Original], [Square], [Round], [Integer], and [Previous] zoom commands are
executed as soon as you tap one of them on the Graph window’s [Zoom] menu.
For information about what each command does, see “Zoom Commands” on page 3-2-6.
Tip
• For auto zoom, you can tap the R button instead of using the [Zoom] - [Auto] menu command.
• With Integer Zoom, tap T and then use the stylus to drag the screen image so the part you
want to zoom is in the center of the screen.
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3-2-10
Using the Graph Window
Other Graph Window Operations
This section explains how to save a screenshot of the Graph Window, how to redraw a
graph, how to make the Graph Editor Window the active window.
k Saving a Screenshot of a Graph
Use the following procedures to save a screenshot of a graph as image data for later recall.
u To save a screenshot of a graph
(1) On the application menu, tap
.
T
(2) Draw the graph you want to save.
(3) Tap a and then [Store Picture]. This displays a dialog box for inputting a name for the
screenshot.
(4) Enter the name and then tap [OK].
u To recall a screenshot of a graph
(1) On the application menu, tap
.
T
(2) Tap the Graph window to make it active.
(3) Tap a and then [Recall Picture]. This displays a list of names of graph images you
have stored in memory.
(4) Select the name of the image you want, and then tap [OK].
k Redrawing a Graph
Use the following procedure to redraw a graph when necessary.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Tap the Graph window to make it active.
(2) Tap a and then [ReDraw].
• While the Graph Editor window is active, you can redraw the graph by tapping $.
Important!
• Use the a - [ReDraw] command to redraw a graph that you drew by dragging an
expression from another window to the Graph window (see “2-9 Using the Main Application
in Combination with Other Applications”), or a graph you modified using some Sketch menu
(see “3-6 Using the Sketch Menu”). After deleting the redrawn graph, you can redraw the
graph of the expression selected on the Graph Editor window by tapping [Analysis],
[Sketch], and then [Cls].
k Making the Graph Editor Window the Active Window
While the Graph window is active, you can make the Graph Editor window the active window
by tapping anywhere inside of it or by tapping !.
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3-3-1
Storing Functions
3-3 Storing Functions
Use the Graph Editor window to store a Graph & Table application function. This section
covers Graph Editor operations, and explains how to store functions.
Using Graph Editor Sheets
The Graph Editor window has five tabbed sheets named Sheet 1 through Sheet 5, each of
which can contain up to 20 functions. You can have up to 100 functions stored in the Graph
Editor at one time.
You can graph up to 20 functions simultaneously, as long as all of the functions are on the
same sheet.
k Selecting a Sheet
Use the operations described below to change from one sheet to another.
Tap the tab of the sheet you
want to select. The currently
selected sheet is the “active”
sheet.
Tap here to scroll the tabs so
the ones that do not fit on the
current window come into view.
k Renaming a Sheet
Initially, the fives sheets are assigned default names from Sheet 1 through Sheet 5. You can
use these sheet names as they are, or you can perform the steps below to rename a sheet.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Tap the tab of the sheet you want to rename so that sheet becomes active.
(2) Tap the tab of the active sheet again.
• This displays a dialog box for inputting a sheet
name.
(3) Enter up to 8 bytes for the sheet name, and then tap [OK].
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3-3-2
Storing Functions
k Returning Sheets to Their Default Names
The procedure below returns the sheet names to their initial default names (Sheet 1 through
Sheet 5).
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Tap the Graph Editor window to make it active.
(2) Tap a, [Sheet], and then [Default Name].
• This returns the currently active sheet to its default name.
k Initializing a Sheet
The following procedure initializes a sheet, which clears all of its functions and renames the
sheet to its default name.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) If the sheet you want to initialize is not active, tap its tab.
(2) Tap a, [Sheet], and then [Clear Sheet].
(3) In response to the confirmation message that appears, tap [OK] to initialize the sheet or
[Cancel] to cancel the operation.
• For details about editing and deleting individual functions, see “Editing Stored Functions”
on page 3-3-6.
• You can delete all expressions on all of the sheets by tapping [Edit] and then [Clear All]. For
more information, see “Deleting All Graph Editor Expressions” on page 3-3-7.
Specifying the Function Type
When storing a Graph & Table application function, the first thing you need to do is specify
the function type. The following table lists all of the function types that you can select.
y =
r =
Rectangular coordinate expression
Polar coordinate expression
xt/yt = Parametric expressions
x =
X = expression
y >
y <
y ≤
y ≥
x >
x <
x ≤
x ≥
Inequality
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3-3-3
Storing Functions
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the application menu, tap
.
T
(2) On the Graph Editor window, tap the down arrow next to “y =”, or tap [Type].
(3) On the list that appears, tap the function type you want to select.
Storing a Function
This section presents a number of examples that illustrate how to store a Graph & Table
application function.
u To store a rectangular coordinate function (Y=)
Example: To store the rectangular coordinate function y = 2x2 – 5 in line number y1
(1) On the Graph Editor window, tap [Type] and then [y=Type] to specify a rectangular
coordinate expression.
(2) Tap the box to the right of line number “y1”, and then input the expression:
2x{ 2-5.
(3) Press E to store the expression.
u To store a polar coordinate equation (r=)
Example: To store the polar coordinate equation r = 5sin3θ in line number r2
(1) On the Graph Editor window, tap [Type] and then [r=Type] to specify a polar coordinate
expression.
(2) Tap the box to the right of line number “r2”, and then input the expression:
k9fTsd8).
(3) Tap w to store the expression.
u To store parametric functions
Example: To store the parametric functions below in line numbers xt3/yt3
xt = 3sint
yt = 3cost
(1) On the Graph Editor window, tap [Type] and then [ParamType] to specify parametric
expressions.
(2) Tap the box to the right of line number “xt3”, and then input the x-expression:
k9dTst)w.
(3) Tap the box to the right of line number “yt3”, and then input the y-expression:
9dct)w.
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3-3-4
Storing Functions
u To store an x = equation
Example: To store x = 3y in line x4
(1) On the Graph Editor window, tap [Type] and then [x=Type] to specify an
x = equation.
(2) Tap the box to the right of line number “x4”, and then input the equation:
3y.
(3) Press E to store the equation.
u To store an inequality
Example: To store the inequality y > x2 – 2x – 6 in line y5
(1) On the Graph Editor window, tap [Type] and then [y>Type] to specify an inequality
expression.
(2) Tap the box to the right of line number “y5”, and then input the expression:
x{2-2x-6.
(3) Press E to store the expression.
Tip
• An error message appears if you enter an expression that does not fit the function type. Either
input the new function into a different line or delete the current function and then change the type
before re-inputting the function.
• You can change the equality/inequality sign of an x-type (x =, x>, x<, xt, xs) or y-type
(y =, y>, y<, yt, ys) expression after you input it. Simply tap the current equality/inequality sign.
On the Type dialog box that appears, select the sign you want and then tap [OK].
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3-3-5
Storing Functions
Using Built-in Functions
Your ClassPad is pre-programmed with the commonly used functions listed below. You can
recall a built-in function, save it to an Graph Editor sheet, assign values to its coefficients,
and graph the results.
y = a·x + b
y = a·x^2 + b·x + c
y = a·x^3 + b·x^2 + c·x + d
y = a·sin (b·x + c) + d
y = a·cos (b·x + c) + d
y = a·tan (b·x + c) + d
y = a·log (b·x + c) + d
y = a·ln (b·x + c) + d
y = a·e^(b·x + c) + d
y = a^(b·x + c) + d
y = a /(b·x + c) + d
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the application menu, tap
.
T
(2) On the Graph Editor window, select the sheet and the line where you want to store the
built-in function.
(3) Tap a and then [Built-In].
(4) On the menu that appears, tap the built-in function you want to select.
• This displays a dialog box for assigning values to the coefficients. The actual
coefficients that appear (a through d) depend on the built-in function you selected.
(5) Assign values to each coefficient.
(6) Tap [OK].
Saving the Message Box Expression to the Graph Editor Window
You can save the expression currently displayed in the Graph window message box to the
Graph Editor window. This capability comes in handy when you want to save an expression
that appears in the message box while you are using the sketch function (see “3-6 Using the
Sketch Menu”).
Note
• The following are the steps you should perform after an expression is stored in the
message box of the Graph window.
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3-3-6
Storing Functions
u To save an expression from the message box to the Graph Editor window
(1) Tap the Graph window to make it active.
(2) Perform a Trace operation (see “3-7 Using Trace”) or any other operation that causes
the message box to appear.
(3) Drag the stylus across the expression in the message box to select it.
(4) Tap G.
(5) Tap the Graph Editor window to make it active.
(6) Select the sheet and tap the line where you want to save the expression, which moves
the cursor there.
(7) Tap [Edit] and then [Paste].
(8) Press E to store the expression.
Tip
• You can also drag the expression from the message box to the Graph Editor window. In this case,
you must drop the expression into a line on the Graph Editor window that does not already
contain an expression.
Editing Stored Functions
u To edit a function
1
3
y = x2 – — x
Example: To edit the function
3 stored in line y2 of the Graph Editor to
2
y = x2 – — x3
3
(1) On the Graph Editor window, tap line y2.
1
—
3
(2) Tap the area immediately to the right of the numerator of
there.
so the cursor is located
(3) Press K and then 2 to edit the fraction.
(4) Press E to store the edited version of the function.
u To delete a function
(1) On the Graph Editor window, select the sheet that contains the function you want to
delete.
(2) Tap the function you want to delete so the cursor is located anywhere inside it.
(3) Tap q.
• This deletes the selected function.
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3-3-7
Storing Functions
Deleting All Graph Editor Expressions
Use the following procedure to delete all of the expressions on all Graph Editor sheets, and
initialize all of the sheet names.
(1) On the Graph Editor window, tap [Edit] and then [Clear All].
(2) In response to the confirmation dialog box that appears, tap [OK] to delete all
expressions and initialize sheet names. To cancel the operation without deleting or
initializing anything, tap [Cancel].
Graphing a Stored Function
You can select multiple functions and graph them simultaneously, as long as all of the
functions are on the same sheet. You can turn graphing of each function on or off, and even
specify the line style to be used for each function.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Tap the tab of the sheet that contains the functions you want to graph to make it active.
• If the functions you want to graph are on Sheet 2, for example, tap the [Sheet 2] tab.
(2) Select the check boxes of all the functions you want to graph, and clear the check
boxes of all the functions you do not want to graph.
• See “Specifying the Function You Want to Graph” on page 3-3-8 for more information.
(3) You can tap the current line style given to specify another style, if you want.
• See “Specifying the Graph Line Style” on page 3-3-8 for more information.
(4) Tap $ to graph.
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3-3-8
Storing Functions
k Specifying the Function You Want to Graph
On the Graph Editor window, you can select one or more functions for graphing by selecting
their check boxes. The functions whose check boxes are cleared are not graphed.
• This check box is selected, so the function next to it will be
graphed when you tap $. If you do not want to graph this
function, tap the check box to clear it.
• Each time you tap a check box, it toggles between being
selected (checked) and cleared (unchecked).
Check box
k Specifying the Graph Line Style
You can specify one of the six line styles shown below for each function on the Graph Editor
window.
Normal..........................
Thick.............................
Broken Thick ................
Square Plot Type ..........
Cross Plot Type ............
Dot Plot Type ................
Line style area
The currently selected line style appears in the line style area next to each function.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Tap the line style next to the function whose line style you want to specify. This displays
the Graph Plot Type dialog box.
(2) Select the line style you want, and then tap [OK].
• A preview of the line style you select appears in the line style area next to the
function.
• To graph the function using the selected line style, tap $.
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3-3-9
Storing Functions
k Quick Graphing of an Expression Using Drag and Drop
You can use the following procedure to graph a single function, even when you have multiple
functions selected on the Graph Editor window.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Tap the tab of the sheet that contains the function you want to graph to make it active.
(2) Drag the function you want to graph to the Graph window.
Tip
• The above drag and drop procedure can be used to graph a function, regardless of whether the
function’s check box is selected or cleared.
• When you quick graph a function using drag and drop, the function is always treated as a “y=”
expression, regardless of the graph type specified for the function.
• Up to 30 of the graphs you draw in the Graph window are stored in memory as you draw them.
This includes graphs drawn from Graph Editor window functions, graphs drawn using the Sketch
functions (Tangent, Normal, Inverse), and graphs drawn using the drag and drop operation
described above. Though you can draw more than 30 graphs at one time, any graphs after the
30th are not stored in memory.
• All of the Graph window graphs that are currently stored in memory are redrawn when you scroll
the Graph window or tap the [ReDraw] command on the a menu. Since only 30 graphs are
stored in memory, anything drawn after the 30th graph is not redrawn. Keep this limitation in mind
when you draw a large number of graphs at the same time.
Saving Graph Editor Data to Graph Memory
Graph memory lets you store all of the expressions and their related information to a file for
later recall.
Each graph memory file contains the following data:
• Functions on all five Graph Editor sheets (up to 100 functions)
• Whether the check box next to each function is selected (checked) or cleared (unchecked)
• The line style of each function
• The graph type of each function
• The View Window settings
• Which sheet is currently active
• Sheet names
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3-3-10
Storing Functions
u To save Graph Editor data to graph memory
(1) Tap the Graph Editor window to make it active.
(2) Tap [GMem] and then [Store]. This displays a dialog box for inputting a name for the
graph memory file.
(3) Enter the name and then tap [OK].
u To recall a graph memory file
(1) Tap [GMem] and then [Recall]. This displays a list of names of graph memory files you
have stored in memory.
(2) Select the name of the graph memory file you want, and then tap [OK].
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Using Table & Graph
3-4 Using Table & Graph
The Graph & Table application includes a “Table window” for displaying number tables and
summary tables generated with the functions you input on the Graph Editor window.
Generating a Number Table
You can use either of the following two methods to generate a number table using a Graph &
Table application function. The method used to generate the number table depends on the
setting of the Basic Format dialog box [Table Variable] item.
• For details about Basic Format settings, see “14-3 Setup Menu Settings”.
u Specifying a range of values for x using the Table Input dialog box
This is the initial default number table generation method. With this method, you use the
Table Input dialog box to specify a range of values for variable x, and then generate a
number table for those values. This number table generation method is in effect whenever
“Table Input” is selected for the [Table Variable] setting.
u Assigning list values to x
With this number table generation method, you must first use the List Editor to create a list
and store the list data. To access the List Editor, tap O and then [List Editor].
For details about using the List Editor, see Chapter 7.
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Using Table & Graph
u To generate a number table by specifying a range of values for x using the
Table Input dialog box
Example: To generate a number table for the function y = 3x2 – 2 as the value of x changes
from –3 to 1 in increments of 1
(1) On the application menu, tap T.
(2) In line y1 of the Graph Editor window, input and save y = 3x2 – 2.
(3) Tap 8. This displays the Table Input dialog box.
(4) Input the following values for the x-values of your table, and then tap [OK].
(5) Tap #.
• This generates the number table and displays the result on the Table window.
• The derivative is also included in the number
table when the Graph Format “Derivative/
Slope” check box is selected.
Tip
• The above operation is possible only when “Table Input” (which is the initial default) is selected
for the Basic Format dialog box [Table Variable] item.
• You can specify the width of table cells using the [Cell Width Pattern] on the Basic Format dialog
box (page 14-3-3).
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u To generate a number table by assigning list values to x
(1) Create and save the list of values to be assigned.
list1 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
(2) In line y1 of the Graph & Table application Graph Editor window, input and save
y = 3x2 – 2.
(3) Specify the list that contains the values you want to assign to x (list1 in this example).
• You can configure list data settings using the Basic Format dialog box.
For details about Basic Format settings, see “14-3 Setup Menu Settings”.
(4) On the Graph Editor window, tap the function you want to use for number table
generation (y1 in this example).
(5) Tap #.
• This generates the number table and displays the result on the Table window.
Tip
• The above operation is possible only when “List” (list1 through list6 or a list variable created by
you) is selected for the Basic Format dialog box [Table Variable] item. Note that “Table Input” is
the default, so you need to change the [Table Variable] setting in order to generate a table using
list values.
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Using Table & Graph
k Table Generation Precautions
• Table generation is performed using the currently selected function that is of the current
function type selected on the Graph Editor window toolbar.
Current function type
• Though the selected current function type is “y=” in the above screenshot, there is no “y=”
type function selected on the Graph Editor window. Tapping # to generate a table when
the above condition exists causes the error message “No Functions Selected” to appear.
• An inequality cannot be used to generate a table.
Editing Number Table Values
Changing an x-value in the number table automatically calculates and displays the
corresponding y-value.
Example: To change the x-value in line 3 of the number table from –1 to –2.5
To generate a table, see “To generate a number table by specifying a range of
values for x using the Table Input dialog box” on page 3-4-2.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Tap the cell in line 3 of column x of the number
table to select it.
(2) Perform the key operation: z2.5.
• Pressing z causes the Enter Value dialog box
to appear with a minus sign (–) in the [x-value]
input box. Continue with the rest of the key
operation to input the required value, and then
tap [OK]. This changes the value in the selected
The y-value is updated automatically in
cell to the one you input.
accordance with the new x-value.
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Using Table & Graph
Tip
• An error message appears and the number table contents are not changed if you enter an illegal
value for x (such as 6 ÷ 0).
• The data in a “Y” column (Y1, Y2, etc.) of a table cannot be modified.
Deleting, Inserting, and Adding Number Table Lines
You can use the following procedures to delete, insert, and add number table lines.
u To delete a number table line
(1) Tap the x-value of the line you want to delete.
This line will be deleted.
(2) Tap [T-Fact] and then [Delete].
u To insert a number table line
(1) Tap the x-value of the line below the location where
you want to insert a line.
The line will be inserted here.
(2) Tap [T-Fact] and then [Insert].
Inserted line
The new line contains the
same values as the one
you selected in step (1).
• After inserting a new line, you can edit the x-value, if you want. For more information,
see “Editing Number Table Values” on page 3-4-4.
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Using Table & Graph
u To add a number table line
(1) Tap the x-value of the bottom line of the number table.
(2) Tap [T-Fact] and then [Add].
Added line
The new line contains the
same values as the bottom
line of the number table.
• After adding a new line, you can edit the x-value, if you want. For more information, see
“Editing Number Table Values” on page 3-4-4.
• You can add a line anywhere. When you add a line, it will appear after the line you
selected.
Regenerating a Number Table
After changing [Table Input] settings, you can regenerate a table based on the new settings
by tapping a and then [ReTable]. You can also use [ReTable] after editing the contents of a
table to return the table to its original (pre-edited) state.
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3-4-7
Using Table & Graph
Generating a Number Table and Using It to Draw a Graph
After using a function to generate a number table, you can use the number table values to
draw a graph. You can use number table values to draw two different types of graphs: a
“connect type graph” on which points are connected by lines, or a “plot type graph” on which
points are simply plotted, without being connected.
Example: To generate number tables for the functions y = 3x2 – 2 and y = x2 as the value of
x changes from –3 to 3 in increments of 1, and then use the generated values to
draw a graph
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the application menu, tap
(2) On the Graph Editor window, input 3x2 – 2 in line y1, and x2 in line y2.
.
T
(3) Tap 6 to display the View Window dialog box, and then configure it with the following
parameters.
xmin = –3, xmax = 3, xscale = 1
ymin = –2, ymax = 10, yscale = 2
(4) Tap 8 to display the Table Input dialog box, and then configure it with the following
settings.
Start: –3, End: 3, Step: 1
(5) Tap #.
• This generates the number table and displays the result on the Table window.
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Using Table & Graph
(6) Specify the graph type.
• To specify a connect type graph, tap [Graph] and then [G-Connect], or tap $. To
specify a plot type graph, tap [Graph] and then [G-Plot], or tap !.
• This draws the graph on the Graph window.
Connect Type Graph
Plot Type Graph
Saving a Number Table to a List
You can use the following procedure to save a particular column of a number table to a LIST
variable.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the Table window select any cell in the column you want to save to a LIST variable.
• To save column y1 in the window shown below, for example, select any cell in column
y1.
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Using Table & Graph
(2) Tap a and then [Table to List].
• This displays a dialog box for specifying a variable name.
(3) Enter the name you want to give to the variable, and then tap [OK].
• This assigns the list of data you selected to a variable with the name you specified.
• If the variable name you input has not been used yet for another variable, ClassPad
creates a new variable. With some data types, if the variable name you input is
already being used for an existing variable, the existing variable is replaced by the
new one. For more information, see “Variable Data Types” on page 1-7-3.
Generating a Summary Table
You can use any of the three methods described below to generate a summary table from a
function that has already been saved.
u Automatic x-value settings
This method automatically generates an ideal summary table for the function. This method
uses View Window settings when generating the table.
u Using View Window xmin and xmax values as the x-value settings
With this method, you simply provide the upper and lower x-value limits, and your ClassPad
generates the correct summary table for that range of values. This method uses View
Window settings when generating the table.
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Using Table & Graph
u Specifying all x-values
This method generates a reference table by looking up data stored in a list. A LIST variable is
used to specify the x-values. When using this method, it is up to you specify all of the correct
x-values required to generate the summary table. The summary table will not be generated
correctly if you provide incorrect x-values.
The following shows examples of each of the three available summary table generation
methods by generating a table for the function y = x3 – 3x.
2
x
–1
0
0
–3
0
1
0
1
fЈ(x)
fЉ(x)
f (x)
+
–
–
–
–
+
+
+
–6
2
6
–2
–1
1
2
0
–2
–1
–2
Summary Table and Graph of y = x3 – 3x
(The graph to the right is for reference only.)
Tip
• You can control whether or not the summary table should include an f Љ(x) line (quadratic
differential component) using the [Summary Table f Љ(x)] setting on the [Cell] tab of the Basic
Format dialog box (page 14-3-3). Turning on the [Summary Table f Љ(x)] option causes both linear
differential components and quadratic differential components to be displayed in the summary
table. Turning it off shows linear differential components only.
k Generating a Summary Table Using Automatically Set x-Values
With this method, the summary table is generated using a range of values from –∞ to ∞.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the Basic Format dialog box, select “View Window” for the [Summary Table] setting,
and specify the value you want for [Cell Width Pattern]. This example uses a [Cell
Width Pattern] setting of “4 Cells”.
• To open the Basic Format dialog box, tap O, [Settings], [Setup], and then [Basic
Format].
• For additional details about Basic Format settings, see “14-3 Setup Menu Settings”.
(2) Input the function y = x3 – 3x on the Graph Editor window.
• Generation of summary tables is supported for “y=” type functions only.
• Clear the check boxes of all other functions on the Graph Editor window, if necessary.
Select the check box next to y = x3 – 3x and press E.
• If the check boxes of more than one “y=” type functions are selected, the one with the
lowest line number (y1, y2, y3, etc.) is used for number table generation.
(3) Tap 6 to display the View Window dialog box.
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Using Table & Graph
(4) Tap [Memory] and then [Undefined].
• This causes all settings on the View Window dialog box to change to “Undefined”.
(5) Tap the [OK] button to close the View Window dialog box.
(6) Tap 4.
• This starts summary table generation, and displays the result on the Table window.
Note that generation of a summary table can take a bit of time.
• You can scroll the window to view all of the contents of the table.
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Using Table & Graph
• Tapping $ here graphs the function using the View Window settings automatically
configured for summary table generation.
Important!
• A monotone increasing function or other special function may not be solvable by the
ClassPad’s internal summary table calculation. If this happens, use the procedure under
“Generating a Summary Table by Specifying All of the Values for x” (page 3-4-14) to
calculate the elements of the summary table. In addition to View Window parameters, you
can also select previously stored list data to specify the range of a summary table. On the
Basic Format dialog box (displayed using the [Setup] menu), select the [Cell] tab, click the
“Summary Table” down arrow button, and then select the name of the list you want to use
on the menu that appears.
• If you draw a graph or generate a summary table while “Undefined” is specified for View
Window parameters, the ClassPad calculates appropriate parameters and configures View
Window settings accordingly.
k Generating a Summary Table Using View Window
With this method, the summary table is generated using the range you define for the View
Window “xmin” and “xmax” parameters.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the Basic Format dialog box, select “View Window” for the [Summary Table] setting,
and specify the value you want for [Cell Width Pattern]. This example uses a [Cell
Width Pattern] setting of “4 Cells”.
• For details about Basic Format settings, see “14-3 Setup Menu Settings”.
(2) Input the function y = x3 – 3x on the Graph Editor window.
• Generation of summary tables is supported for “y=” type functions only.
• Clear the check boxes of all other functions on the Graph Editor window, if necessary.
Select the check box next to y = x3 – 3x and press E.
• If the check boxes of more than one “y=” type functions are selected, the one with the
lowest line number (y1, y2, y3, etc.) is used for number table generation.
(3) Tap 6 to display the View Window dialog box.
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Using Table & Graph
(4) Specify the x-values for the summary table by specifying values for the [xmin] and
[xmax] settings.
• For this example, we will specify xmin = –0.5 and xmax = 2.
(5) Tap the [OK] button to close the View Window dialog box.
(6) Tap 4.
• This starts the summary table generation using the range you specified in step (4),
and displays the result on the Table window.
Important!
• A monotone increasing function or other special function may not be solvable by the
ClassPad’s internal summary table calculation. If this happens, use the procedure under
“Generating a Summary Table by Specifying All of the Values for x” (page 3-4-14) to
calculate the elements of the summary table. In addition to View Window parameters, you
can also select previously stored list data to specify the range of a summary table. On the
Basic Format dialog box (displayed using the [Setup] menu), select the [Cell] tab, click the
“Summary Table” down arrow button, and then select the name of the list you want to use
on the menu that appears.
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3-4-14
Using Table & Graph
k Generating a Summary Table by Specifying All of the Values for x
In both of the previous examples, summary table generation is performed using View
Window settings to calculate values for x that satisfy the function fЈ(x) = 0. With this table
generation method, x-values are not calculated automatically.
It is up to you to use a LIST variable to specify all of the x-values that appear in the summary
table.
In the example below, x-values will be stored in a LIST variable named “list1”, which is then
used to generate a summary table.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the Basic Format dialog box, select “list1” for the [Summary Table] setting, and
specify the value you want for [Cell Width Pattern]. This example uses a [Cell Width
Pattern] setting of “4 Cells”.
• For details about Basic Format settings, see “14-3 Setup Menu Settings”.
(2) Input the function y = x3 – 3x on the Graph Editor window.
• Generation of summary tables is supported for “y=” type functions only.
• Clear the check boxes of all other functions on the Graph Editor window, if necessary.
Select the check box next to y = x3 – 3x and press E.
• If the check boxes of more than one “y=” type functions are selected, the one with the
lowest line number (y1, y2, y3, etc.) is used for number table generation.
(3) Tap O and then [List Editor] to display the List Editor window.
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Using Table & Graph
(4) Input the values you want to specify for x into list1.
• Here, we will input the following values: x = –2, –1, 0, 1, 2.
(5) Tap the Graph Editor window to make it active.
(6) Tap 4.
• This starts summary table generation using the x-values you input in step (4), and
displays the result on the Table window.
Important!
• For the above method to correctly generate a summary table, you must have legal x-values
in the list assigned to the LIST variable. Note that an error occurs if the specified LIST
variable is empty or does not exist.
• Some functions may not be solvable by the ClassPad’s internal summary table calculation.
When this happens, the “Can’t Solve!” error message appears on the display.
Making the Graph Editor Window the Active Window
While the Table window is active, you can make the Graph Editor window the active window
by tapping anywhere inside of it or by tapping !.
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3-5-1
Modifying a Graph
3-5 Modifying a Graph
A graph can be modified in real time as you change its coefficients and/or the variables. The
Graph & Table application provides you with two methods for modifying a graph.
Direct Modify
“Direct Modify” changes the coefficient in the equation of the original graph. This method can
be used when you are modifying a single graph.
Dynamic Modify
“Dynamic Modify” changes the values assigned to common variables of multiple functions.
Use Dynamic Modify when you want to modify multiple graphs at the same time.
Modifying a Single Graph by Changing the Value of a Coefficient (Direct
Modify)
Use the following procedure to change the values of the coefficients of a function within a
specific range to find out the effect the change has on the shape or position of the graph.
u To modify a single graph
Example: To graph the functions y = 2x2 + 3x – 1 and y = 2x + 1, and then find out how a
change in the coefficients of each function affects the shape and position of the
graphs
Note
• Before starting the following procedure, check the Graph Format dialog box to make sure
that the [G-Controller] setting is turned on. For information about the Graph Format dialog
box, see page 14-3-4.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the application menu, tap
.
T
(2) Configure View Window parameters.
(3) On the Graph Editor window, input 2x2 + 3x –1 in line y1, and 2x + 1 in line y2.
(4) Tap $ to graph the functions.
(5) Tap -, or tap [Analysis] and then [Modify].
• This causes “Modify” to appear on the Graph window and the y1 graph (2x2 + 3x –1)
to become active, which is indicated by a thick graph line.
• The function of the currently active graph is displayed in the Graph window message
box.
(6) In the function displayed in the message box, select the coefficient you want to change.
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Modifying a Graph
(7) Tap the left or right graph controller button to change the value of the coefficient you
selected in step (6).
To do this:
Do this:
Increase the value of the coefficient
Tap the right graph controller arrow.
Decrease the value of the coefficient Tap the left graph controller arrow.
• The initial increment of change is 1. You can use the Graph Controller dialog box
described below to change the increment, if you want.
Step (6)
e
Tap
.
Tap
.
• At this point, you could select other coefficients and change their values as well, if
you want.
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3-5-3
Modifying a Graph
(8) To modify the y2 graph (2x + 1), tap the down graph controller arrow to make it the
graph active.
• You can use the up and down cursor keys or graph controller arrows to switch
between the two graphs, as required.
• Repeat steps (6) and (7) to modify the currently selected graph.
e
Tap
.
Tap
.
(9) To quit graph modification, tap
on the icon panel.
• This causes “Modify” to disappear from the display, returning to the normal Graph
window.
k Modifying the Increment of Change Value
Use the following procedure to change the increment of change for the selected coefficient
when you press the left or right cursor keys or tap the left or right graph controller arrows.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Tap the Graph window to make it active.
(2) Tap a and then [Graph Controller]. This displays the Graph Controller dialog box.
(3) Input the value you want for the [Step] setting under [Dynamic ]'].
(4) Tap [Set].
Tip
• The other items on the Graph Controller dialog box are used when simultaneously modifying
multiple graphs, which is covered in the following section.
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3-5-4
Modifying a Graph
Simultaneously Modifying Multiple Graphs by Changing Common
Variables (Dynamic Modify)
Use the procedure below to change the values of up to two common variables used in
multiple functions to simultaneously modify the graphs.
u To modify multiple graphs simultaneously
Example: To graph the functions y = ax2 – b and y = ax + b, and then find out how a change
in variable a from 1 to 4 and a change in variable b from –2 to 2 affect the shape
and position of each graph
(1) On the application menu, tap
.
T
(2) Tap O and then J to display the Main application window.
Tip
• For details about using the Main application, see Chapter 2.
(3) Use the Main application work area to assign values to variables “a” and “b” (a = 1 and
b = 2 in this example).
9VbW aw
cW bw
(4) Tap O and then [Close] to close the Main application window.
(5) Configure View Window parameters.
(6) On the Graph Editor window, input ax2 – b in line y1, and ax + b in line y2.
(7) Tap $ to draw the graph.
(8) Tap a and then [Graph Controller]. This displays the Graph Controller dialog box.
(9) Configure the following settings on the Graph Controller dialog box.
Setting
Description
Specifies a variable whose value is changed when you press the left
or right cursor key, or tap the left or right graph controller arrow.
Dynamic ]':
a
Start: 1
End: 4
These items specify the upper limit (End) and lower limit (Start) of
the range of change of the Dynamic ]' value.
Use this setting to specify the increment of change in the Dynamic
]' value when you press the left or right cursor key, or tap the left
or right graph controller arrow.
Step: 1
Specifies another variable whose value is changed when you press
the up or down cursor key, or tap the up or down graph controller
arrow.
Dynamic `$:
b
Start: –2
End: 2
These items specify the upper limit (End) and lower limit (Start) of
the range of change of the Dynamic `$ value.
Use this setting to specify the increment of change in the Dynamic
`$ value when you press the up or down cursor key, or tap the up
or down graph controller arrow.
Step: 1
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Modifying a Graph
(10) Tap [Modify].
• This graphs the functions using the a and b variable start values you specified on the
Graph Controller dialog box, and displays “Modify” on the Graph window.
(11) Modify the graphs by changing the value of variable a or b.
• To change the value of variable a, press the left or right cursor key, or tap the left or
right graph controller arrow.
• To change the value of variable b, press the up or down cursor key, or tap the up or
down graph controller arrow.
…
e
…
…
…
e
(12) To quit graph modification, tap
on the icon panel.
• This causes “Modify” to disappear from the display, returning to the normal Graph
window.
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3-5-6
Modifying a Graph
k Cycling Through Graph Changes Automatically
Use the following procedure to cycle automatically through graph changes in accordance
with the settings you configure on the Graph Controller dialog box.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Perform steps (1) through (9) under “To modify multiple graphs simultaneously” on
page 3-5-4.
(2) On the Graph Controller dialog box, tap the [Auto] option.
(3) Tap [Modify].
• This graphs the functions using the a and b variable start values you specified on the
Graph Controller dialog box, and displays “Modify” on the Graph window.
(4) Execute an auto change operation.
• To execute three cycles of an auto change operation for variable a, tap the right
graph controller arrow.
• To execute three cycles of an auto change operation for variable b, tap the up graph
controller arrow.
(5) To quit graph modification, tap
on the icon panel.
• This causes “Modify” to disappear from the display, returning to the normal Graph
window.
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3-6-1
Using the Sketch Menu
3-6 Using the Sketch Menu
The [Sketch] menu lets you add points, lines, figures, and text after you draw a graph. You
can also add tangent and normal lines to your graph.
Sketch Menu Overview
To access the [Sketch] menu, tap [Analysis] and then [Sketch]. The following table describes
the commands that are available on the [Sketch] menu.
Select this Sketch
menu command:
To do this:
Clear figures and text you have added using the sketch feature
Plot a point on the Graph window
Draw a line on the Graph window
Write text on the Graph window
Cls
Plot
Line
Text
Draw a line that is tangent to a particular point on a graph
Draw a line that is normal to a particular point on a graph
Graph the inverse of a function
Tangent
Normal
Inverse
Circle
Vertical
Horizontal
Draw a circle
Draw a vertical line
Draw a horizontal line
Using Sketch Menu Commands
This section describes how to use each of the commands on the [Sketch] menu. Note that all
of the procedures in this section are performed in the Graph & Table application, which you
can enter by tapping the
icon on the application menu.
T
u To plot a point on the Graph window
(1) While the Graph window is active, tap [Analysis], [Sketch], and then [Plot].
(2) Tap the location on the Graph window where you want to plot a point.
• Instead of tapping the Graph window, you could also use the keypad to specify the
coordinates of the point. Pressing a number key displays a dialog box for inputting
coordinates. The value of the key you just pressed is input for the
x-coordinate. After inputting values for the x- and y-coordinates, tap [OK]
to plot the point at the location you specified.
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3-6-2
Using the Sketch Menu
u To draw a line on the Graph window
(1) While the Graph window is active, tap [Analysis], [Sketch], and then [Line].
(2) On the Graph window, tap the start point of the line and then tap the end point. This
causes a straight line to be drawn between the two points. The message box shows
the equation of the line.
• Instead of tapping the Graph window, you can use the keypad to specify the
coordinates of the start point and end point. Pressing a number key displays a dialog
box for inputting coordinates. The value of the key you just pressed is input for the
x-coordinate of the starting point. After inputting values for the x- and y-coordinates
of the start point (x1, y1) and the x- and y-coordinates of the end point (x2, y2), tap
[OK] to draw a straight line between the two points you specified.
u To write text on the Graph window
(1) While the Graph window is active, tap [Analysis], [Sketch], and then [Text].
• This displays a dialog box for inputting text.
(2) Enter the text you want and then tap [OK].
• This displays the word “Text” in the lower right
corner of the Graph window.
(3) Place the stylus on the screen and hold it there.
• This causes the text you input in step (2) to
appear at the location where you are pointing
with the stylus.
(4) Drag the text to the location you want, and then lift the stylus from the screen.
Tip
• The amount of text you can input is limited only by how much can fit on the Graph window.
• You can repeat the above operation and input multiple text blocks, if you want.
• You cannot edit text after inputting it into a graph. To make any changes in text, you first need to
clear the existing text (page 3-6-5) and then replace it with new text.
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3-6-3
Using the Sketch Menu
u To draw a line tangent to a graph
Example: To draw a line tangent to the graph y = x2 – x – 2 when x = 1
(1) In line y1 of the Graph Editor window, input and save y = x2 – x – 2.
(2) Tap $ to graph the function.
(3) Tap [Analysis], [Sketch], and then [Tangent].
• This displays the crosshair pointer along with its corresponding coordinate values.
(4) Press 1.
• This displays a dialog box for inputting the point
of tangency x-value, with 1 specified as the point.
(5) Tap [OK].
• This closes the dialog box and moves pointer to the location you specified in step (4).
(6) Press E.
Tip
• Instead of inputting coordinate values in steps (4) and (5), you can use the cursor key or the
graph controller arrows to move the pointer to the point of tangency on the Graph window.
u To draw a line that is normal to a graph
The procedure for drawing a line that is normal to a graph is virtually identical to the
procedure “To draw a line tangent to a graph”, above. The only difference is in step (3),
where you need to tap [Analysis], [Sketch], and then [Normal] instead of [Tangent].
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3-6-4
Using the Sketch Menu
u To graph the inverse of a function
Example: To graph y = x2 – x – 2 and then overlay it with x = y2 – y – 2
(1) In line y1 of the Graph Editor window, input and save y = x2 – x – 2.
(2) Tap $ to graph the function.
(3) Tap [Analysis], [Sketch], and then [Inverse].
• This graphs the inverse function. The message
box briefly shows the inverse function.
Tip
• If a function does not have an inverse, the graph produced by the [Inverse] command will be the
result of interchanging the x and y variables of the original function.
u To draw a circle
Example: To draw a circle with a center point located at (1, 1) and a radius of 2
(1) While the Graph window is active, tap [Analysis], [Sketch], and then [Circle].
• This display “Circle” on the Graph window.
(2) Press 1.
• This displays a dialog box for specifying the
center point coordinates (x, y) and the radius r,
with 1 specified as the value of x.
(3) Enter value for x, y, and r, and then tap [OK].
• This closes the dialog box and draws the circle
according to your specifications. The message
box shows the function for the circle.
Tip
• Instead of inputting values, you can also draw a circle using stylus operations only. To do so,
perform the following operation in place of step (2) of the above operation.
(2) Tap the point where you want the center of the circle to be, and then tap a second point
anywhere on the circle's circumference.
• You could also tap the center point, and then drag to the second point.
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3-6-5
Using the Sketch Menu
u To draw a vertical or horizontal line
Example: To draw a vertical line at x = 2
(1) While the Graph window is active, tap [Analysis], [Sketch], and then [Vertical].
• This displays “Vertical” on the Graph window, and the ClassPad waits for you to draw
the vertical line.
(2) Press 2.
• This displays a dialog box for specifying the x-coordinate of the vertical line, with 2
specified as the x-coordinate.
• Instead of inputting a value here, you can use the stylus to tap the point through
which the vertical line should pass.
(3) Tap [OK].
• This closes the dialog box and draws the vertical line at x = 2.
Tip
• To draw a horizontal line, tap [Analysis], [Sketch], and then [Horizontal] in place of [Vertical] in
step (1) of the above procedure. In the case of a horizontal line, you need to specify the
y-coordinate in step (2).
u To clear figures inserted using the Sketch menu
To clear plots, lines, text, or other figures inserted using the [Sketch] menu, tap [Analysis],
[Sketch], and then [Cls].
• This redraws the graph to what is stored on the Graph Editor window.
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3-7-1
Using Trace
3-7 Using Trace
Trace lets you move a point along a graph and displays the coordinates for the current
pointer location. You can also link the trace operation to the number table used to draw a
graph, so the pointer jumps to the coordinates that are currently selected in the table.
Using Trace to Read Graph Coordinates
Starting the trace operation causes a crosshair pointer to appear on the graph. You can then
press the cursor key or tap the graph controller arrows to move the pointer. The coordinates
are displayed as you move the pointer.
u To perform a trace operation
Example: To graph the function y = x2 – 3 and then use the trace operation to read
coordinates on the graph
(1) Tap 6 to display the View Window dialog box, and then configure it with the following
parameters.
xmin = –5,
xmax = 5, xscale = 1
ymin = –10, ymax = 10, yscale = 2
(2) On the Graph Editor window, input and store x2 – 3 into line y1, and then tap $ to
graph it.
(3) Tap [Analysis], [Trace], or tap =.
• The pointer will not be visible when it is located at a point outside the graph display
area.
• If “Error” appears in place of the xc or yc coordinate, it means that the current point is
undefined. Press the left or right cursor key to move to a point that is defined.
(4) Press the left or right cursor key, or tap the left or right graph controller arrow.
• This moves the pointer along the graph, and displays the coordinates of the current
pointer location.
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3-7-2
Using Trace
• You can also move the pointer to a particular point by inputting coordinates. Pressing
a number key displays a dialog box for inputting coordinates. Input the values you
want and then tap [OK].
• When there are multiple graphs on the Graph window, you can use the up and down
cursor keys or the up and down graph controller arrows to move the pointer between
graphs.
(5) To quit the trace operation, tap
on the icon panel.
Tip
• While the trace pointer is on the window, tapping the displayed coordinate values causes the
coordinate values to appear in the message box. You can then copy the coordinates to the
clipboard.
k Specifying the Format of the Coordinates Displayed by Trace
Check boxes on the Graph Format dialog box (page 14-3-4) let you specify whether you
want to display pointer coordinates only, or pointer coordinates plus the derivative. You can
also turn off the display of the coordinates, if you want.
To do this:
Do this:
Display coordinates and the Select the [Derivative/Slope] check box under
derivative
[Graph Format].
Clear the [Coordinate] check box under [Graph Format].
• Neither coordinates nor the derivative is displayed when
the [Coordinate] check box is cleared, regardless of the
current [Derivative/Slope] setting.
Turn off coordinate display
For details about Graph Format settings, see “14-3 Setup Menu Settings”.
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3-7-3
Using Trace
Linking Trace to a Number Table
This section explains how you can link the movement of the trace pointer to the values in the
number table used to draw the graph. This type of operation is called “linked trace”.
• For information about generating a number table and performing other table operations,
see “3-4 Using Table & Graph”.
Example: To link trace to a number table created by graphing y = 3logx
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Display the View Window dialog box, and then configure it with the following
parameters.
xmin = –5, xmax = 5, xscale = 1
ymin = –10, ymax = 10, yscale = 2
(2) Display the Table Input dialog box, and then configure it with the following settings.
Start: 2, End: 9, Step: 1
(3) On the Graph Editor window, input and store y = 3logx into line y1, and then tap #.
• This generates a number table and displays it.
(4) Tap a and then [Link].
• This displays the Graph window and draws the graph, with the trace pointer located
on the graph line. The coordinates of the trace pointer location will also be shown.
• Tapping a cell in the y1 column causes the trace pointer to move the location of the
cell’s value.
The highlighted table value
corresponds to the current
location of the trace pointer on
the graph.
(5) You can perform the following operations while a linked trace operation is in progress.
• You can move the highlighting in the number table by pressing the up and down
cursor keys, or by tapping the cell you want to select. Doing so causes the trace
pointer to jump to the corresponding location on the graph.
(6) To quit the linked trace operation, tap
on the icon panel.
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3-7-4
Using Trace
Generating Number Table Values from a Graph
A “graph-to-table” feature lets you extract the coordinate values at the current pointer
location and input them into a table.
Example: Generate a table and graph for the expression y = x3 – 3x, and input the
coordinates for specific points on the graph into a table
Use the initial View Window settings (page 3-2-3).
Configure the Table Input settings shown below.
Start: 1, End: 4, Step: 1
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Input the function y = x3 – 3x on the Graph Editor window.
(2) Tap $ to graph the function.
(3) Tap # to generate the table.
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3-7-5
Using Trace
(4) Tap the Graph window to make it active. Next, tap [Analysis] and then [Trace].
• This causes a pointer to appear on the graph.
(5) Use the cursor key to move the pointer along the graph until it reaches a point whose
coordinates you want to input into the table.
(6) Press E to input the coordinates at the current cursor position at the end of the table.
(7) Repeat steps (5) and (6) to input the rest of the coordinates you want.
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3-8-1
Analyzing a Function Used to Draw a Graph
3-8 Analyzing a Function Used to Draw a Graph
Your ClassPad includes a G-Solve feature that lets you perform a variety of different
analytical processes on an existing graph.
G-Solve Menu Overview
To access the [G-Solve] menu, tap [Analysis] and then [G-Solve]. The following describes the
commands that are available on the [G-Solve] menu.
To obtain this for the graph:
Root (the -intercept)
Select this G-Solve menu command:
x
Root
Max
Min
Maximum value
Minimum value
y
-intercept
y
-Intercept
Point of intersection for two graphs
Intersect
y
x
-coordinate for a given
-coordinate for a given
x
y
-coordinate
-coordinate
y
x
∫
-Cal
-Cal
dx
Definite integral for a particular range
Point of inflection
Inflection
Distance between two points
Volume of a solid of revolution
Distance
π ∫ (
f(x
))2dx
Tip
• See page α-9-1 of the Appendix for information about graph types and executable G-Solve
functions.
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3-8-2
Analyzing a Function Used to Draw a Graph
Using G-Solve Menu Commands
This section describes how to use each of the commands on the [G-Solve] menu. Note that
all of the procedures in this section are performed in the Graph & Table application, which
you can enter by tapping the
icon on the application menu.
T
u To obtain the root of a function
Example: To graph the function y = x(x + 2)(x – 2) and obtain its root
(1) Display the View Window dialog box, and then configure it with the following
parameters.
xmin = –7.7, xmax = 7.7, xscale = 1
ymin = –3.8, ymax = 3.8, yscale = 1
(2) On the Graph Editor window, input and store y = x(x + 2)(x – 2) into line y1, and then
tap $ to graph it.
• Make sure that only y1 is checked.
(3) Tap [Analysis], [G-Solve], and then [Root], or tap Y.
• This displays “Root” on the Graph window, and locates a pointer at the first solution of
the root (root for smallest value of x). The x- and y-coordinates at the current pointer
location are also shown on the Graph window.
(4) To obtain other roots, press the left or right cursor key, or tap the left or right graph
controller arrows.
• If there is only one solution, the pointer does not move when you press the cursor
key.
Result Screenshots
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3-8-3
Analyzing a Function Used to Draw a Graph
u To obtain the minimum value, maximum value, y-intercept, and inflection of
a function
1
2
Example: To graph the function y =
x2(x + 2)(x – 2) and obtain its minimum value
(1) Display the View Window dialog box, and then configure it with the following
parameters.
xmin = –7.7, xmax = 7.7, xscale = 1
ymin = –3.8, ymax = 3.8, yscale = 1
1
(2) On the Graph Editor window, input and store y =
then tap $ to graph it.
x2 (x + 2)(x – 2) into line y1, and
2
• Make sure that only y1 is checked.
(3) Tap [Analysis], [G-Solve], and then [Min], or tap I.
• This displays “Min” on the Graph window, and locates a pointer at the first solution of
the minimum value (minimum value of y for smallest value of x). The x- and
y-coordinates at the current pointer location are also shown on the Graph window.
(4) To obtain other minimum values, press the left or right cursor key, or tap the left or right
graph controller arrows.
• If there is only one solution, the pointer does not move when you press the cursor
key.
Result Screenshots
Tip
• To obtain the other values, select the applicable command on the [G-Solve] menu in step (3) of
the above procedure.
To obtain this value:
Maximum value
y-intercept
Select this G-Solve menu command:
Max (or tap U)
y-Intercept
Point of inflection
Inflection
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3-8-4
Analyzing a Function Used to Draw a Graph
u To obtain the point of intersection for two graphs
Example: To graph the functions y = x + 1 and y = x2, and determine their point of
intersection
(1) Display the View Window dialog box, and then configure it with the following
parameters.
xmin = –5, xmax = 5, xscale = 1
ymin = –5, ymax = 5, yscale = 2
(2) On the Graph Editor window, input and store y = x + 1 into line y1 and y = x2 into y2,
and then tap $ to graph them.
• Make sure that only y1 and y2 are checked.
(3) Tap [Analysis], [G-Solve], and then [Intersect].
• This causes “Intersect” to appear on the Graph window, with a pointer located at the
point of intersection. The x- and y-coordinates at the current pointer location are also
shown on the Graph window.
(4) To obtain other points of intersection, press the left or right cursor key, or tap the left or
right graph controller arrows.
Result Screenshots
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3-8-5
Analyzing a Function Used to Draw a Graph
u To determine coordinates at a particular point on a graph
Example: To graph the function y = x (x + 2)(x – 2) and determine the y-coordinate when
x = 0.5, and the x-coordinate when y = 2.2
(1) Display the View Window dialog box, and then configure it with the following
parameters.
xmin = –7.7, xmax = 7.7, xscale = 1
ymin = –3.8, ymax = 3.8, yscale = 1
(2) On the Graph Editor window, input and store y = x (x + 2)(x – 2) into line y1, and then
tap $ to graph it.
• Make sure that only y1 is checked.
(3) To obtain the value of y for a particular x-value, tap [Analysis], [G-Solve], and then
[y-Cal].
• This displays a dialog box for specifying the x-value.
(4) For this example, input 0.5 and then tap [OK].
• This moves the pointer to the location on the graph where x = 0.5, and displays the
x-coordinate and y-coordinate at that location.
(5) To obtain the value of x for a particular y-value, tap [Analysis], [G-Solve], and then
[x-Cal].
• This displays a dialog box for specifying the y-value.
(6) For this example, input 2.2 and then tap [OK].
• This moves the pointer to the location on the graph where y = 2.2, and displays the
x-coordinate and y-coordinate at that location.
Result Screenshots
Tip
• When there are multiple results for the above procedure, press e to calculate the next value.
Pressing d returns to the previous value.
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3-8-6
Analyzing a Function Used to Draw a Graph
u To determine the definite integral for a particular domain
Example: To graph the function y = x(x + 2)(x – 2) and obtain its definite integral in the
domain of 1 < x < 2
(1) Display the View Window dialog box, and then configure it with the following
parameters.
xmin = –7.7, xmax = 7.7, xscale = 1
ymin = –4,
ymax = 4,
yscale = 1
(2) On the Graph Editor window, input and store y = x(x + 2)(x – 2) into line y1, and then
tap $ to graph it.
• Make sure that only y1 is checked.
(3) Tap [Analysis], [G-Solve], and then [∫dx].
• This displays “Lower” on the Graph window.
(4) Press 1.
• This displays a dialog box for inputting an interval for
the x-values, with 1 specified for the lower limit of the
x-axis (Lower).
(5) Tap the [Upper] input box and then input 2 for the upper limit of the x-axis.
(6) Tap [OK].
Tip
• Instead of inputting [Lower] and [Upper] values in steps (4) through (6), you can use the cursor
key or the graph controller arrows to move the pointer along the graph to specify the lower limit
and upper limit. If you do, perform the following two steps after step (3).
(4) Use the cursor key or the graph controller to move the pointer to the location of the lower limit
and then press E.
• This registers the lower limit and changes the word in the lower right corner of the Graph
window to “Upper”.
(5) Move the pointer to the location of the upper limit, and then press E.
Result Screenshot
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3-8-7
Analyzing a Function Used to Draw a Graph
u To determine the distance between any two points
(1) Tap the Graph window to make it active.
(2) Tap [Analysis], [G-Solve], and then [Distance].
• This displays “Distance” on the Graph window, and the ClassPad waits for you to
specify the first point.
(3) Tap the first point on the Graph window.
• This causes a pointer to appear at the location where you tap.
(4) Tap the second point on the Graph window.
• This causes a pointer to appear at the second point, and the distance between the
two points to appear in the message box.
Result Screenshot
Tip
• Instead of tapping points on the Graph window, you could also
specify points by inputting their coordinates. Without tapping
the Graph window, input a value. This causes a coordinate
specification dialog box to appear. Input the x- and
y-coordinates of the two points.
u To determine the inflection point
You can use the following procedure to determine coordinates of the inflection point for a
cubic function.
Example: To graph the function y = x3 – 1 and determine its inflection point
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Display the View Window dialog box, and then configure it with the following
parameters.
xmin = –4.9, xmax = 4.9, xscale = 1
ymin = –3.3, ymax = 1.8, yscale = 1
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3-8-8
Analyzing a Function Used to Draw a Graph
(2) On the Graph Editor window, input and store y1 = x3 – 1 into line y1, and then tap $
to graph it.
• Make sure that only “y1” is selected (checked).
(3) Tap [Analysis], [G-Solve], and then [Inflection].
• This causes “Inflection” to appear on the Graph window, with a pointer located at the
point of inflection.
Tip
• If your function has multiple inflection points, use the cursor button or graph controller arrows to
move the pointer between them and display their coordinates.
u To obtain the volume of a solid of revolution
Example: To graph the function y = x2 – x – 2 and obtain the volume of a solid of revolution
as the line segment from x = 1 to x = 2 is rotated on the x-axis
(1) Display the View Window dialog box, and then configure it with the following
parameters.
xmin = –7.7, xmax = 7.7, xscale = 1
ymin = –3.8, ymax = 3.8, yscale = 1
(2) On the Graph Editor window, input and store y = x2 – x – 2 into line y1, and then tap $
to graph it.
• Make sure that only y1 is checked.
(3) Tap [Analysis], [G-Solve], and then [π ∫(f(x))2dx].
• This displays a crosshair pointer on the graph, and the word “Lower” in the lower right
corner of the Graph window.
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3-8-9
Analyzing a Function Used to Draw a Graph
(4) Press 1.
• This displays a dialog box for inputting an interval of
values for x, with 1 specified for the lower limit of the
x-axis (Lower).
(5) Tap the [Upper] input box and then input 2 for the upper limit of the x-axis.
(6) Tap [OK].
• This causes a silhouette of the solid of revolution to appear on the Graph window, and
its volume to appear in the message box.
Tip
• Instead of inputting [Lower] and [Upper] values in steps (4) through (6), you can use the cursor
key or the graph controller arrows to move the pointer along the graph to specify the lower limit
and upper limit. If you do, perform the following two steps after step (3).
(4) Use the cursor key or the graph controller to move the pointer to the location of the lower limit
and then press E.
• This registers the lower limit and changes the word in the lower right corner of the Graph
window to “Upper”.
(5) Move the pointer to the location of the upper limit, and then press E.
Result Screenshot
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Chapter
4
Using the Conics
Application
The Conics application provides you with the capability to graph
circular, parabolic, elliptic, and hyperbolic functions. You can also
use the Conics application to quickly and easily determine the
proper focal point, vertex, directrix, axis of symmetry, latus
rectum, center, radius, asymptote, eccentricity, and even the
x- and y-intercepts of each type of conics.
4-1 Conics Application Overview
4-2 Inputting Equations
4-3 Drawing a Conics Graph
4-4 Using Trace to Read Graph Coordinates
4-5 Using G-Solve to Analyze a Conics Graph
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4-1-1
Conics Application Overview
4-1 Conics Application Overview
This section describes the configuration of the Conics application windows, and provides
basic information about its menus and commands.
• The Conics application uses many of the same commands (Zoom, Trace, Sketch, etc.) as
the Graph & Table application. It is recommended that you familiarize yourself with Graph &
Table operations before trying to use the Conics application.
Starting Up the Conics Application
Use the following procedure to start up the Conics application.
u ClassPad Operation
On the application menu, tap C.
This starts the Conics application and displays the Conics Editor window and the Conics
Graph window.
Conics Application Window
When you start up the Conics application, two windows appear on the display:the Conics
Editor window and the Conics Graph window. A function that is input on the Conics Editor
window is graphed on the Conics Graph window.
Conics Editor window
Conics Graph window
Graph controller arrows
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4-1-2
Conics Application Overview
• The Conics Editor window can have one conics equation input at a time. The Conics
application includes a number of preset conics formats (page 4-2-1) that make equation
input quick and easy.
• You can tap the graph controller arrows or use the cursor key to scroll the Conics Graph
window.
• You can use Trace (page 4-4-1) to trace a conics graph.
Conics Application Menus and Buttons
This section explains the operations you can perform using the menus and buttons of the
Conics application window.
• For information about the O menu, see “Using the O Menu” on page 1-5-4.
k Conics Editor Window Menus and Buttons
The following describes the menu and button operations you can perform while the Conics
Editor window is active.
Tap this
button:
Or select this
menu item:
To do this:
Cut the selected character string and place it onto the
clipboard
—
—
—
Edit - Cut
Edit - Copy
Edit - Paste
Copy the selected character string to the clipboard
Paste the contents of the clipboard at the current cursor
position in the Conics Editor window
—
—
Select all of the text on the Conics Editor window
Clear all of the text from the Conics Editor window
Edit - Select All
Edit - Clear All
Form - Insert
Conics Form
q
Insert a Conics Form on the Conics Editor window
Adjust the equation on the Conics Editor window so it fits
a Conics Form
Fit - Fit into Conics
Form
w
^
6
Draw a graph
—
Display the View Window dialog box (page 3-2-1) to
configure Graph window settings
O - Settings -
View Window
O - Settings -
Display the Variable Manager (page 1-8-1)
5
Variable Manager
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4-1-3
Conics Application Overview
k Conics Graph Window Menus and Buttons
The following describes the menu and button operations you can perform while the Conics
Graph window is active.
Tap this Or select this
button: menu item:
To do this:
Enlarge the part of the screen bounded by a box
Specify a zoom factor
Zoom - Box
Q
—
Zoom - Factor
Zoom in by the zoom factor
—
Zoom - Zoom In
Zoom - Zoom Out
Zoom out by the zoom factor
—
Configure View Window y-axis parameters and redraw
the graph so it fills the Graph window along the y-axis
Zoom - Auto
R
—
Return a graph to its original size
Zoom - Original
Zoom - Square
Adjust View Window x-axis values so they are identical
to the y-axis values
—
Round coordinate values displayed using Trace
(page 4-4-1)
—
—
—
Zoom - Round
Zoom - Integer
Zoom - Previous
Make the value of each dot equal 1, which makes all
coordinate values integers
Return View Window parameters to their settings prior
to the last zoom operation
Zoom - Quick Initialize
Zoom - Quick Trig
Zoom - Quick log(x)
Zoom - Quick e^x
Zoom - Quick x^2
Zoom - Quick –x^2
Zoom - Quick Standard
Analysis - Trace
—
—
—
Perform a quick zoom operation (page 3-2-9)
—
—
—
—
=
Display the coordinates at a particular point on a graph
Insert a point, graphic, or text into an existing graph
• For details about this operation, see “3-6 Using the
Sketch Menu”.
Analysis - Sketch
—
—
Perform a G-Solve operation
• For details about this operation, see “4-5 Using
G-Solve to Analyze a Conics Graph”.
Analysis G-Solve
-
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4-1-4
Conics Application Overview
Tap this Or select this
button: menu item:
To do this:
Save a graph as image data (page 3-2-10)
Recall the image of a graph (page 3-2-10)
Re-draw a graph
—
—
a - Store Picture
a - Recall Picture
a - ReDraw
—
"
*
Make the Conics Editor window active
Display the View Window dialog box (page 3-2-1) to
configure Graph window settings
O - Settings -
6
T
5
View Window
Activate the pan function for dragging the Graph
window with the stylus
—
O - Settings -
Display the Variable Manager (page 1-8-1)
Variable Manager
Tip
• The [Tangent], [Normal], and [Inverse] commands of the Graph & Table application’s Sketch
function are not included in the Conics application.
• The G-Solve feature of the Conics application performs analysis that is specially suited to conics,
and so it operates differently from the G-Solve feature of the Graph & Table application.
Conics Application Status Bar
The status bar at the bottom of the Conics application shows the current angle unit setting
and [Complex Format] setting (page 14-3-2).
Angle unit Real mode
If you see this:
It means this:
The angle unit setting is radians.
The angle unit setting is degrees.
The Complex (complex number calculation) mode is selected.
The Real (real number calculation) mode is selected.
Rad
Deg
Cplx
Real
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4-2-1
Inputting Equations
4-2 Inputting Equations
This section explains the various ways you can input equations using the Conics Editor
window.
Using a Conics Form to Input an Equation
Preset formats can help you input conics equations quickly and easily. The following table
contains a complete list of the types of equations that you can input just by tapping [Form]
and then [Insert Conics Form].
Conics Forms
Equations
Horizontal Parabola 1
)^2 +
Horizontal Parabola 2
x
=
A
(y
–
K
H
·
x
=
A y^2 + B y
+
C
·
·
Vertical Parabola 1
)^2 +
Vertical Parabola 2
y
=
A
(x
–
H
K
·
y
=
A x^2 +
B
·
x
+
C
·
Circle 1
)^2 + (
Circle 2
(x
–
H
y
–
K
)^2 =
R
^2
A x^2 + A y^2 + B x
+
C y
·
+
D
= 0
·
·
·
Ellipse
(
x
–
H
)^2 ÷
A
^2 + (
y
–
K)^2 ÷
K)^2 ÷
H)^2 ÷
B
^2 = 1
Horizontal Hyperbola
(x
–
H
)^2 ÷
Vertical Hyperbola
)^2 ÷ ^2 – (
A
^2 – (
y
–
–
B
B
^2 = 1
^2 = 1
(y
–
K
A
x
General Form
A x^2 + B x y
+
C y^2 + D x
+
E y
·
+
F
= 0
·
· ·
·
·
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4-2-2
Inputting Equations
u To input an equation using a Conics Form
Example: To use a Conics Form to input the equation for a parabola with a horizontal axis
(principal axis parallel with x-axis)
(1) On the application menu, tap
to start the Conics application.
C
(2) On the Conics Editor window, tap q, or tap [Form] and then [Insert Conics Form].
• This displays the Select Conics Form dialog box.
(3) Select the Conics Form of the type of equation you
want to graph, and then tap [OK].
• Since we want to graph a parabola with a horizontal
axis in this example, select “X = A(Y – K)2 + H”. Tap
[OK] to close the Select Conics Form dialog box, and
display the selected equation in the Conics Editor
window.
(4) Modify the equation on the Conics Editor window as
required.
• Here, we will change the coefficients of the equation
as follows: A = 2, K = 1, H = –2.
(5) Tap ^ to graph the equation.
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4-2-3
Inputting Equations
Inputting an Equation Manually
To input an equation manually, make the Conics Editor window active, and then use the soft
keyboard for input.
Input the equation here.
Conics Editor window
Transforming a Manually Input Equation to a Conics Form
After you manually input an equation on the Conics Editor window, you can use the
procedure below to transform it to a preset Conics Form.
(x – 1)2
22
x2
4
+ (y – 2)2 =
Example: To transform the equation
x = Ay2 + By + C
to the standard Conics Form
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the Conics Editor window, input the above
equation.
Hint: Tap the ) tab of the soft keyboard. The 2D
fraction and 2D exponent are very helpful in entering
this equation!
(2) After inputting the equation, tap w or tap [Fit] and then [Fit into Conics Form].
• This displays the Select Conics Form dialog box.
(3) Select “X = AY2 + BY + C” and then tap [OK].
17
• This transforms the equation so it becomes x = 2y2 – 8y +
.
2
Tip
• If the equation you input cannot be transformed into the standard Conics Form you selected, the
message “Can’t Transform into This Type” appears.
• An input equation may not transform correctly if it includes a square root calculation or some
other function.
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4-3-1
Drawing a Conics Graph
4-3 Drawing a Conics Graph
This section provides examples that show how to draw various types of conics graphs.
Drawing a Parabola
A parabola can be drawn with either a horizontal or vertical orientation. The parabola type is
determined by the direction of its principal axis.
k Drawing a Parabola that Opens Horizontally
A parabola with a horizontal axis is one whose principal axis is parallel to the x-axis. There
are two possible equations for a parabola with a horizontal axis:
x = A(y – K)2 + H and x = Ay2 + By + C.
Example 1: To draw the parabola x = 2(y – 1)2 – 2
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the Conics Editor window, tap q, or tap [Form] and then [Insert Conics Form].
• This displays the Select Conics Form dialog box.
(2) Select “X = A(Y – K)2 + H” and then tap [OK].
• This closes the Select Conics Form dialog box, and displays the selected equation in
the Conics Editor window.
(3) Change the coefficients of the equation as follows: A = 2, K = 1, H = –2.
(4) Tap ^ to graph the equation.
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4-3-2
Drawing a Conics Graph
Example 2: To draw the parabola x = y2 + 2y + 3
u ClassPad Operation
(1) In step (2) of the above procedure, select “X = AY2 + BY + C” on the Select Conics
Form dialog box.
(2) In step (3) of the above procedure, change the coefficients of the equation as follows:
A = 1, B = 2, C = 3.
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4-3-3
Drawing a Conics Graph
k Drawing a Parabola that Opens Vertically
A parabola with a vertical axis is one whose principal axis is parallel to the y-axis. There are
two possible equations for a parabola with a vertical axis:
y = A(x – H)2 + K and y = Ax2 + Bx +C.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) In step (2) of the procedure under “Drawing a Parabola that Opens Horizontally”, select
“Y = A(X – H)2 + K” or “Y = AX2 + BX + C”.
(2) Specify values for the coefficients.
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4-3-4
Drawing a Conics Graph
Drawing a Circle
There are two forms that you can use to draw a circle. One form is the standard form, which
allows you to specify the center point and radius. The other form is the general form, which
allows you to specify the coefficients of each term.
k Drawing a Circle by Specifying a Center Point and Radius
Example: To draw a circle with a center point of (2, 1) and a radius of 2
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the Conics Editor window, tap q, or tap [Form] and then [Insert Conics Form].
• This displays the Select Conics Form dialog box.
(2) Select “(X – H)2 + (Y – K)2 = R2” and then tap [OK].
• This closes the Select Conics Form dialog box, and displays the selected equation in
the Conics Editor window.
(3) Change the coefficients of the equation as follows: H = 2, K = 1, R = 2.
(4) Tap ^ to graph the equation.
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4-3-5
Drawing a Conics Graph
k Drawing a Circle by Specifying the Coefficients of a General Equation
Example: To draw the circle x2 + y2 + 4x – 6y + 9 = 0
u ClassPad Operation
(1) In step (2) of the procedure under “Drawing a Circle by Specifying a Center Point and
Radius”, select “AX2 + AY2 + BX + CY + D = 0”.
(2) Substitute the following values for the coefficients: A = 1, B = 4, C = –6, D = 9.
Drawing an Ellipse
You can draw an ellipse by specifying coefficients for the standard equation:
(x – H)2 (y – K)2
+
= 1.
A2
B2
(x – 1)2 (y – 2)2
Example: To draw the ellipse
+
= 1
22
32
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the Conics Editor window, tap q, or tap [Form] and then [Insert Conics Form].
• This displays the Select Conics Form dialog box.
(X – H)2 (Y – K)2
(2) Select “
” and then tap [OK].
= 1
+
A2
B2
• This closes the Select Conics Form dialog box, and displays the selected equation in
the Conics Editor window.
(3) Change the coefficients of the equation as follows: A = 2, B = 3, H = 1, K = 2.
(4) Tap ^ to graph the equation.
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4-3-6
Drawing a Conics Graph
Drawing a Hyperbola
A hyperbola can be drawn with either a horizontal or vertical orientation. The hyperbola type
is determined by the direction of its principal axis.
k Drawing a Hyperbola that Opens Horizontally
(x – H)2 (y – K)2
The standard form of a hyperbola with a horizontal axis is:
–
= 1.
A2
B2
(x – 1)2 (y – 2)2
_
Example: To draw the hyperbola with a horizontal axis
u ClassPad Operation
= 1
22
32
(1) On the Conics Editor window, tap q, or tap [Form] and then [Insert Conics Form].
• This displays the Select Conics Form dialog box.
(X – H)2 (Y – K)2
(2) Select “
” and then tap [OK].
= 1
–
A2
B2
• This closes the Select Conics Form dialog box, and displays the selected equation in
the Conics Editor window.
(3) Change the coefficients of the equation as follows: A = 2, B = 3, H = 1, K = 2.
(4) Tap ^ to graph the equation.
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4-3-7
Drawing a Conics Graph
k Drawing a Hyperbola that Opens Vertically
(y – K)2 (x – H)2
–
= 1.
The standard form of a hyperbola with a vertical axis is:
A2
B2
u ClassPad Operation
(1) In step (2) of the procedure under “Drawing a Hyperbola that Opens Horizontally”,
(Y – K)2 (X – H)2
select “
–
= 1”.
A2
B2
(2) Specify values for the coefficients.
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4-3-8
Drawing a Conics Graph
Drawing a General Conics
Using the conics general equation Ax2 + Bxy + Cy2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0, you can draw a
parabola or hyperbola whose principal axis is not parallel either to the x-axis or the y-axis, a
slanted ellipse, etc.
Example: To draw x2 + 4xy + y2 – 6x + 6y + 4 = 0
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the Conics Editor window, tap q, or tap [Form] and then [Insert Conics Form].
• This displays the Select Conics Form dialog box.
(2) Select “AX2 + BXY + CY2 + DX + EY + F = 0” and then tap [OK].
• This closes the Select Conics Form dialog box, and displays the selected equation in
the Conics Editor window.
(3) Change the coefficients of the equation as follows: A = 1, B = 4, C = 1, D = –6, E = 6,
F = 4.
(4) Tap ^ to graph the equation.
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4-4-1
Using Trace to Read Graph Coordinates
4-4 Using Trace to Read Graph Coordinates
Trace allows you move a pointer along a graph line and display the coordinates at the
current pointer location.
Starting the trace operation causes a crosshair pointer ( ) to appear on the graph. You can
then press the cursor key or tap the graph controller arrows to move the pointer to the
location you want, and read the coordinates that appear on the display.
Using Trace
Example: To graph the function x = 2(y – 1)2 – 2 and then perform a trace operation to read
coordinates
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the Conics Editor window, input the above equation and then tap ^ to graph it.
(2) Tap [Analysis] and then [Trace], or tap =.
• This causes “Trace” to appear on the Graph window, with a pointer on the graph line.
(3) Press the left or right cursor key, or tap the left or right graph controller arrows.
• This moves the pointer along the graph, and displays
the coordinates of the current pointer location.
• When the location of the pointer approaches the point
of infinity on a parabolic or hyperbolic graph, “Error”
appears in place of the pointer coordinates.
• You can also move the pointer to a particular point by inputting coordinates. Inputting
a value while a trace operation is being performed displays a dialog box for inputting
an x-coordinate. After you enter a value, the pointer jumps to the corresponding
location when you tap [OK].
Here, input a value for yc in the case of a parabola that opens horizontally. Input a
value for xc in the case of a parabola that opens vertically. For any other type of
conics graph, input a value for tc in order to graph in parametric format.
(4) To exit trace, tap
on the icon panel.
Tip
• While tracing, tapping the displayed coordinate values causes the coordinate values to appear in
the message box. You can then copy the coordinates to the clipboard.
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4-5-1
Using G-Solve to Analyze a Conics Graph
4-5 Using G-Solve to Analyze a Conics Graph
The G-Solve menu includes commands that let you perform a variety of different analytical
processes on a graph drawn on the Conics Graph window.
Displaying the G-Solve Menu
While there is a graph on the Conics Graph window, tap [Analysis] and then [G-Solve]. You
can then use the [G-Solve] menu that appears to perform one of the operations described
below.
Select this [G-Solve]
To obtain this:
menu item:
Focus of a parabola, ellipse, or hyperbola
Vertex of a parabola, ellipse, or hyperbola
Directrix of a parabola
Focus
Vertex
Directrix
Axis of symmetry of a parabola
Length of the latus rectum of a parabola
Center point of a circle, ellipse, or hyperbola
Radius of a circle
Symmetry
Latus Rectum Length
Center
Radius
Asymptotes of a hyperbola
Asymptotes
Eccentricity
Eccentricity of a parabola, ellipse, or hyperbola
-
x-intercept
y-intercept
x Intercept
-
y Intercept
x-coordinate for a given y-coordinate
y-coordinate for a given x-coordinate
x-Cal
y-Cal
Tip
• Some commands are available only for certain types of graphs. Any command that is not
available for the graph currently displayed on the Conics Graph window has a line through it. A
parabola, for example, does not have a center, radius or asymptotes, so there are lines through
the [Center], [Radius], and [Asymptotes] commands of the [G-Solve] menu when there is a
parabola on the Conics Graph window.
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4-5-2
Using G-Solve to Analyze a Conics Graph
Using G-Solve Menu Commands
The following are some examples of how to perform the Conics application [G-Solve] menu
commands.
u To determine the focus of the parabola x = 2(y – 1)2 – 2
(1) On the Conics Editor window, input the conics equation and then tap ^ to graph it.
• Here, input the parabolic equation x = 2(y –1)2 – 2.
(2) Tap [Analysis] and then [G-Solve]. Next, on the submenu that appears, select the
command you want.
• To determine the focus for this example, select
[Focus].
Tip
• An ellipse and hyperbola has two foci. In this case, press the left and right cursor keys or tap the
left and right graph controller arrows to toggle the display between the two foci.
The following are the menu operations and sample windows for other commands.
(x – 1)2 (y – 2)2
u To determine the vertices of the ellipse
+
= 1
22
32
[Analysis] - [G-Solve] - [Vertex]
Tip
• An ellipse has four vertices and a hyperbola has two vertices. In these cases, press the left and
right cursor keys or tap the left and right graph controller arrows to toggle the display between the
vertices.
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4-5-3
Using G-Solve to Analyze a Conics Graph
u To determine the directrix of the parabola x = 2(y – 1)2 – 2
[Analysis] - [G-Solve] - [Directrix]
u To determine the axis of symmetry of the parabola x = 2(y – 1)2 – 2
[Analysis] - [G-Solve] - [Symmetry]
u To determine the latus rectum of the parabola x = 2(y – 1)2 – 2
[Analysis] - [G-Solve] - [Latus Rectum Length]
u To determine the center point of the circle x2 + y2 + 4x – 6y + 9 = 0
[Analysis] - [G-Solve] - [Center]
u To determine the radius of the circle x2 + y2 + 4x – 6y + 9 = 0
[Analysis] - [G-Solve] - [Radius]
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Using G-Solve to Analyze a Conics Graph
(x – 1)2 (y – 2)2
u To determine the asymptotes of the hyperbola
–
= 1
22
32
[Analysis] - [G-Solve] - [Asymptotes]
(x – 1)2 (y – 2)2
u To determine the eccentricity of the ellipse
+
= 1
22
32
[Analysis] - [G-Solve] - [Eccentricity]
u To determine the x-intercept of the parabola x = 2(y – 1)2 – 2
[Analysis] - [G-Solve] - [x-Intercept]
Tip
• When there are two x-intercepts, press the left and right cursor keys or tap the left and right graph
controller arrows to toggle the display between them.
(x – 1)2 (y – 2)2
+
= 1
u To determine the y-intercept of the ellipse
[Analysis] - [G-Solve] - [y-Intercept]
22
32
Tip
• When there are two y-intercepts, press the left and right cursor keys or tap the left and right graph
controller arrows to toggle the display between them.
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4-5-5
Using G-Solve to Analyze a Conics Graph
(x – 1)2 (y – 2)2
u For the hyperbola
y-coordinate is 0
–
= 1, determine the x-coordinate when the
22
32
[Analysis] - [G-Solve] - [x-Cal]
Tap [OK].
e
Tip
• When there are two x-coordinates, press the left and right cursor keys or tap the left and right
graph controller arrows to toggle the display between them.
(x – 1)2 (y – 2)2
u For the hyperbola
x-coordinate is 3
–
= 1, determine the y-coordinate when the
22
32
[Analysis] - [G-Solve] - [y-Cal]
Tap [OK].
e
Tip
• When there are two y-coordinates, press the left and right cursor keys or tap the left and right
graph controller arrows to toggle the display between them.
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Chapter
5
Using the 3D Graph
Application
The 3D Graph application lets you draw the 3-dimensional graph
of the form z = f(x, y).
5-1 3D Graph Application Overview
5-2 Inputting an Expression
5-3 Drawing a 3D Graph
5-4 Manipulating a Graph on the 3D Graph Window
5-5 Other 3D Graph Application Functions
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5-1-1
3D Graph Application Overview
5-1 3D Graph Application Overview
This section describes the configuration of the 3D Graph application window, and provides
basic information about its menus and commands.
Starting Up the 3D Graph Application
Use the following procedure to start up the 3D Graph application.
u ClassPad Operation
On the application menu, tap D.
This starts the 3D Graph application and displays the 3D Graph Editor window and the
3D Graph window.
3D Graph Application Window
The 3D Graph application has a 3D Graph Editor window and a 3D Graph window. Both of
these windows appear on the display when you start up the 3D Graph application. Functions
you input on the 3D Graph Editor window are graphed on the 3D Graph window.
3D Graph Editor
window
3D Graph window
Graph controller arrows
• The 3D Graph Editor has five tabbed sheets named Sheet 1 through Sheet 5. Each sheet
can contain up to 20 functions. This means you can have up to 100 functions stored in the
3D Graph Editor at one time.
• You can select any one of the expressions on the 3D Graph Editor window and graph it on
the 3D Graph window.
• You can tap the graph controller arrows on the 3D Graph window or press the cursor keys
to rotate the graph.
• When using Trace (page 5-5-1), tap the Graph Controller arrows or operate the cursor key
to move the pointer along the graph.
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5-1-2
3D Graph Application Overview
3D Graph Application Menus and Buttons
This section explains the operations you can perform using the menus and buttons of the 3D
Graph application’s windows.
• For information about the O menu, see “Using the O Menu” on page 1-5-4.
k 3D Graph Editor Window Menus and Buttons
The following describes the menu and button operations you can perform while the 3D Graph
Editor window is active.
Tap this
button:
q
Or select this
menu item:
To do this:
Delete the current selection
Edit - Delete
Cut the selected character string and place it onto the
clipboard
—
Edit - Cut
Copy the selected character string to the clipboard
—
Edit - Copy
Edit - Paste
Paste the contents of the clipboard at the current
cursor position in the 3D Graph Editor window
—
Select the entire expression you are editing
Clear all the contents of the 3D Graph Editor window
—
—
Edit - Select All
Edit - Clear All
Return the current sheet to its initial default name
(Sheet 1 through Sheet 5)
—
Sheet - Default Name
Return the contents and name of the currently active
sheet to their initial defaults
—
Sheet - Clear Sheet
—
Draw a graph
%
7
Display the View Window dialog box (page 5-3-1) to
configure 3D Graph window settings
O - Settings -
View Window
Display the Main application work area window
~
5
—
O - Settings -
Display the Variable Manager (page 1-8-1)
Variable Manager
Save the expressions currently input on the 3D Graph
Editor window
—
{
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5-1-3
3D Graph Application Overview
k 3D Graph Window Menus and Buttons
The following describes the menu and button operations you can perform while the 3D
Graph window is active.
Tap this Or select this
To do this:
button:
W
E
—
menu item:
Zoom - Zoom In
Zoom - Zoom Out
Zoom - View-
Zoom - View-
Zoom - View-
Enlarge the displayed graph
Reduce the size of the displayed graph
x
y
z
View the displayed graph from the
x
-axis,
y
-axis, or z-axis
—
—
—
Zoom - View-Init
Return the 3D Graph window to its initial default state
Display the coordinates at a particular point on a 3D
graph
Analysis - Trace
=
Write text on the Graph window
• See “To write text on the Graph window” on page 3-6-2,
and “To clear figures inserted using the Sketch menu” on
page 3-6-5.
—
Analysis - Sketch
Calculate a
displayed graph
z
-value for given
x
- and y-values on the
—
—
Analysis - z-Cal
Automatically rotate a graph in the specified direction
(Left → Right, Right → Left, Top → Bottom, Bottom → Top)
for about 30 seconds
a - Rotating
—
—
a - Store Picture
a - Recall Picture
a - ReDraw
—
Save a graph as image data (page 3-2-10)
Recall the image of a graph (page 3-2-10)
Re-draw a graph
—
Make the 3D Graph Editor window active
@
Display the View Window dialog box (page 5-3-1) to
configure 3D Graph window settings
O - Settings -
7
~
5
View Window
—
Display the Main application work area window
Display the Variable Manager (page 1-8-1)
O - Settings -
Variable Manager
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5-1-4
3D Graph Application Overview
3D Graph Application Status Bar
The status bar at the bottom of the 3D Graph application shows the current angle unit setting
and [Complex Format] setting (page 14-3-2).
Angle unit Real mode
If you see this:
It means this:
The angle unit setting is radians.
The angle unit setting is degrees.
The Complex (complex number calculation) mode is selected.
The Real (real number calculation) mode is selected.
Rad
Deg
Cplx
Real
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5-2-1
Inputting an Expression
5-2 Inputting an Expression
Use the 3D Graph Editor window to input 3D Graph application expressions.
Using 3D Graph Editor Sheets
The 3D Graph Editor has five tabbed sheets named Sheet 1 through Sheet 5. Each sheet
can contain up to 20 functions. This means you can have up to 100 functions stored in the
3D Graph Editor at one time. 3D Graph Editor window sheet operations are similar to the
sheet operations of the Graph & Table application. For more information, see “Using Graph
Editor Sheets” on page 3-3-1.
Tip
• The commands used to perform sheet operations in the 3D Graph application are slightly
different to those in the Graph & Table application, as described below.
Execute this command in the Execute this command in
To do this:
Graph & Table application:
the 3D Graph application:
Return the name of the active
sheet to its initial default
a - Sheet - Default Name
Sheet - Default Name
Return the contents and name
of the currently active sheet to a - Sheet - Clear Sheet
Sheet - Clear Sheet
their initial defaults
• Also note that the Graph & Table application allows simultaneous graphing of multiple functions,
as long as they are on the same sheet. With the 3D Graph application, however, you can graph
only one function at a time.
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5-2-2
Inputting an Expression
Storing a Function
You can input expressions as long as they are of the form z = f(x, y).
Example: To store z = x2 + y2 in line z1
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the application menu, tap D.
• This starts up the 3D Graph application and displays the initial screen of the active
3D Graph Editor window.
(2) Tap line z1 on the 3D Graph Editor window, and input x2 + y2.
x{2+y{2
(3) Press E.
• This stores the expression you input and selects it,
which is indicated by the button next to it changing to
“ ”.
(4) To graph the function you just input, tap %.
• For information about graphing, see “5-3 Drawing a
3D Graph”.
Tip
• You can also use drag and drop to input an expression displayed on the Main application window
into the 3D Graph Editor window. To do this, perform the same steps as those for the Graph &
Table application. For more information, see “Quick Graphing of an Expression Using Drag and
Drop” on page 3-3-9.
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5-3-1
Drawing a 3D Graph
5-3 Drawing a 3D Graph
This section explains how to draw a 3D graph, as well as how to change the angle of a graph
and how to rotate a graph.
Configuring 3D Graph View Window Parameters
3D Graph View Window parameters let you specify the maximum and minimum values for
the x-, y- and z-axis. You can also specify the number of lines you would like for drawing the
grid.
• For the xgrid enter the number of lines you would like drawn within the interval from xmin to
xmax. For example, if xmin = −3, xmax = 3 and xgrid= 15, 15 almost vertical lines will be
used to display your graph. The ygrid lines will be almost horizontal.
• After drawing a 3D graph, pressing the = key cycles the 3D Graph [Axes] setting (page
14-3-6) in the following sequence: “Off” → “On” → “Box” → “Off”, and so on.
Before drawing a graph, be sure to first configure View Window parameters as required to
ensure proper display of the graph.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the application menu, tap D.
• This starts up the 3D Graph application and displays the initial screen of the active 3D
Graph Editor window.
(2) Tap 7 to display the View Window dialog box.
(3) Configure the View Window parameters as described below.
• Press c to move the cursor and input an appropriate value for each parameter.
Use this
item:
Initial
default
To configure this View Window parameter:
xmin
xmax
xgrid
ymin
ymax
ygrid
zmin
zmax
Minimum
Maximum
x
x
-axis value
-axis value
–3
3
Number of grid lines used for
Minimum
Maximum
x
-axis direction
-axis direction
25
–3
3
y
y
-axis value
-axis value
Number of grid lines used for
y
25
–3
3
Minimum
z
z
-axis value
-axis value
-axis
Eye position relative to the plane created by
Maximum
angle
θ
φ
Clockwise angle of
x
20
angle
70
the
x
-axis and
y
-axis, and the angle of the z-axis
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Drawing a 3D Graph
• The following are the allowable ranges for the indicated View Window parameters:
xgrid and ygrid: 2 to 50; angle θ : –180 Ͻ θ Ϲ 180; angle φ: 0 to 180.
• The angle parameters, θ and φ, are always degrees, regardless of the current
[Angle] setting on the [Common] tab of the Basic Format dialog box (page 14-3-2).
(4) After all the parameters are the way you want, tap [OK].
• This closes the View Window dialog box.
k 3D Graphs
The following are examples of the 3D graph z = xy using a number of different 3D View
Window setups. View Window parameters that are not specified are set to the initial default
values.
xmin/ymin = –1, xmax/ymax = 1
xgrid = 10, ygrid = 10
Initial defaults
xgrid = 40, ygrid = 40
xmin/ymin = –5, xmax/ymax = 5
Important!
• As is evident from the above sample screenshots, the greater the xgrid and ygrid values,
the more detailed the graph. Also note, however, that larger values require more
calculation, which means that the graphing operation takes more time.
• Graphing may be impossible if the xgrid and ygrid values are too small.
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5-3-3
Drawing a 3D Graph
3D Graph Example
This example shows how to graph the hyperbolic paraboloid z = x2/2 – y2/8.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) In the 3D Graph application, make the 3D Graph Editor window active.
(2) Tap 7 to display the View Window dialog box, and then configure the parameters
shown below.
xmin = –3
ymin = –3
angle θ = 45
xmax = 3
xgrid = 25
ygrid = 25
ymax = 3
angle φ = 70
• Except for angle θ, all of the above settings are initial defaults.
• After everything is the way you want, tap [OK] to close the View Window dialog box.
(3) Tap line z2 on the 3D Graph Editor window, and then input x2/2 – y2/8.
x{2/2-y{2/8
(4) Press E.
• This stores the expression you input and selects it, which is indicated by the button
changing to “ ”.
(5) Tap
to graph the expression.
%
• Here, you can use the cursor key to rotate the graph on the display. For more
information, see “5-4 Manipulating a Graph on the 3D Graph Window”.
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5-3-4
Drawing a 3D Graph
k Selecting the Function to be Graphed
The 3D Graph application lets you graph only one function at a time. When you have more
than one expression input on the 3D Graph Editor window, you need to select the one you
want to graph.
Tapping the “ ” button next to a function
changes the button to “ ”, which indicates
that the function is selected. Press E to
enable graphing.
Tip
• Whenever you input a new function on the 3D Graph Editor window, the new function is selected
automatically for graphing after you press E.
k Controlling the Format of the 3D Graph
Tapping O, [Settings], [Setup], and then [3D Format] displays the 3D Format dialog box,
which you can use to control the graph axis type, display of axis labels, and other format
settings.
• For details about the settings you can configure on the 3D Format dialog box, see “3D
Format Dialog Box” on page 14-3-6.
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5-4-1
Manipulating a Graph on the 3D Graph Window
5-4 Manipulating a Graph on the 3D Graph
Window
This section describes how to enlarge and reduce the size of a graph, how to change the
eye position to view the graph along a particular axis, and how to perform other operations
like automatic rotation.
Important!
• All of the operations described in this section can be performed only while the 3D Graph
window is active.
Enlarging and Reducing the Size of a Graph
A displayed 3D graph can be zoomed so it is enlarged or reduced. The zoom operation is
always performed based on the center of the Graph window. You cannot select the area to
be zoomed.
• To enlarge a graph, tap W, or tap [Zoom] and then [Zoom In].
• To reduce the size of a graph, tap E, or tap [Zoom] and then [Zoom Out].
Starting from the normal size, you can enlarge a graph six steps or reduce its size eight
steps.
Switching the Eye Position
The following items describe how to change the eye position and view a displayed 3D graph
along a particular axis. All of the example displays below show the graph of the expression
z = x2/2 – y2/8, which we graphed under “3D Graph Example” on page 5-3-3.
• To view the graph facing the x-axis, tap [Zoom] and then
[View-x], or press the x key.
• To view the graph facing the y-axis, tap [Zoom] and then
[View-y], or press the y key.
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5-4-2
Manipulating a Graph on the 3D Graph Window
• To view the graph facing the z-axis, tap [Zoom] and then
[View-z], or press the Z key.
Rotating the Graph Manually
Use the procedures described below to rotate the displayed graph manually.
To do this:
Do this:
Press the left cursor key or tap the left graph
controller arrow.
Rotate the graph to the left
Press the right cursor key or tap the right
graph controller arrow.
Rotate the graph to the right
Rotate the graph upwards
Rotate the graph downwards
Press the up cursor key or tap the up graph
controller arrow.
Press the down cursor key or tap the down
graph controller arrow.
• Holding down a key or graph controller arrow will rotate the graph continuously.
Rotating a Graph Automatically
You can use the following procedure to rotate a graph automatically for about 30 seconds.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) To start automatic graph rotation, tap a and then [Rotating].
(2) On the submenu that appears, select the rotation direction you want:
[Left → Right], [Right → Left], [Top → Bottom], or [Bottom → Top].
• Rotation continues for about 30 seconds and then stops automatically. You can also stop
automatic rotation by pressing the c key or tapping
on the icon panel.
Initializing the Graph Window
To return the 3D Graph window to its initial default settings, including its View Window
settings, tap [Zoom] and then [View-Init].
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5-5-1
Other 3D Graph Application Functions
5-5 Other 3D Graph Application Functions
Using Trace to Read Graph Coordinates
Starting the trace operation causes a crosshair pointer to appear on the graph. You can then
press a cursor key or tap the graph controller arrows to move the pointer to the location you
want, and read the coordinates that appear on the display. To start the trace operation and
display the pointer, make the 3D Graph window active, and then tap =, or tap [Analysis]
and then [Trace].
• Each time you press the cursor key or tap a graph controller arrow, the pointer moves the
distance specified by the [grid] value on the 3D View Window dialog box.
• Inputting a value while a trace operation is being performed displays a dialog box for
inputting an x- and y-coordinate. Inputting values for each of the coordinates on this dialog
box causes the pointer to jump to the corresponding location when you tap [OK].
To cancel the trace operation, tap
on the icon panel.
Tip
• The initial default setting for the coordinate display is rectangular coordinates (Rectangular).
Tapping O, [Settings], [Setup], and then [3D Format] displays the 3D Format dialog box, which
you can use to select polar coordinates (Polar) or to hide coordinate values entirely.
• For details about the settings you can configure on the 3D Format dialog box, see “3D Format
Dialog Box” on page 14-3-6.
Inserting Text into a 3D Graph Window
You can insert text into a 3D Graph window and delete it as required.
For more information, see “To write text on the Graph window” on page 3-6-2, and “To clear
figures inserted using the Sketch menu” on page 3-6-5.
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5-5-2
Other 3D Graph Application Functions
Calculating a z-value for Particular x- and y-values
Use the following procedure to calculate a z-value for given x- and y-values on the displayed
graph.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Draw the graph and make the 3D Graph window active.
(2) Tap [Analysis], and then [z-Cal].
• This displays a dialog box for specifying the x- and y-values.
(3) Enter values for x and y, and then tap [OK].
• This displays the x-, y-, and z-coordinate values on the 3D Graph window.
The message “z-Cal” on the
3D Graph window indicates a
z-Cal operation is in progress.
• Inputting a value while you have a graph displayed, will display a dialog box for
specifying an x- and y-value. You can use the dialog box to specify other x- and
y-values.
• To cancel the z-Cal operation, tap
on the icon panel.
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Chapter
6
Using the Sequence
Application
The Sequence application provides you with the tools you need
to work with explicit sequences and recursive type sequences.
6-1
6-2
Sequence Application Overview
Inputting an Expression in the Sequence
Application
6-3
6-4
Recursive and Explicit Form of a Sequence
Using LinkTrace
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6-1-1
Sequence Application Overview
6-1 Sequence Application Overview
This section describes the configuration of the Sequence application window, and provides
basic information about its menus and commands.
Starting up the Sequence Application
Use the following procedure to start up the Sequence application.
u ClassPad Operation
On the application menu, tap H.
This starts the Sequence application and displays the Sequence Editor window and the
Table window.
Sequence Application Window
When you start up the Sequence application, two windows appear on the display screen:
the Sequence Editor window and Table window.
Tabs: Select either [Recursive] or [Explicit].
Sequence Editor window
(a)
(b)
Table window: For creation and display of tables.
(a) Title: Shows the equation used in the calculations.
The title is not displayed when an item in column n is
selected.
(b) Column names
Tap to copy the area selected in the message box to
the clipboard.
Message box
Shows the value of the
currently selected table cell.
Tap to paste the clipboard contents at the current
cursor position in the message box.
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6-1-2
Sequence Application Overview
Sequence Application Menus and Buttons
This section explains the operations you can perform using the menus and buttons of the
Sequence application’s windows.
k Sequence Editor Window Menus and Buttons
O Menu
Select this O menu item:
To do this:
Configure settings for all applications
Display the soft keyboard
Settings
Keyboard
Sequence Editor
Table
Display the Sequence Editor window
Display the Table window
Graph
Display the Graph window
Sequence RUN
Main
Display the Sequence RUN window
Start up the Main application
Close the currently active window
Close
Edit Menu
To do this:
Select this Edit menu item:
Cut the currently selected object and place it
onto the clipboard*
Cut
Copy the currently selected object and place
it onto the clipboard*
Copy
Paste
Paste the current clipboard contents onto the
screen
Select all objects on the screen*
Clear the active window
Select All
Clear All
* These commands are available only for line edit operation when the Graph or Table
window is active.
Type Menu
To do this:
Select this Type menu item:
an+1Type
Specify the type of expression you are inputting an+1Type
a
a
a
a
0
1
0
1
when the [Recursive] tab is displayed
an+2Type
an+2Type
,
,
a
a
1
2
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6-1-3
Sequence Application Overview
n, an Menu
To do this:
Select this n, an menu item:
n, an, bn, or cn
Input a recursion expression term when
an+1Type is selected on the [Recursive] sheet
Input a recursion expression term when
an+2Type is selected on the [Recursive] sheet
n, an, bn, cn, an+1, bn+1, or cn+1
Input a recursion expression term when the
[Explicit] tab is selected
n
,
a
nE,
b
nE,
or cnE
a Menu
Select this a menu item:
To do this:
Clear the contents of the currently active tab
sheet
Clear Sheet
Buttons
To do this:
Tap this button:
Create an ordered pair table
Create an arithmetic sequence table
#
)
_
+
`
`
^
&
*
(
Create a geometric sequence table
Create a progression of difference table
Create a Fibonacci sequence table
Display the Sequence RUN window
Specify an+1
Specify an+1
Specify an+2
Specify an+2
a
a
a
a
0
as the recursion type
as the recursion type
1
0
1
a1
2
as the recursion type
as the recursion type
a
Input term- of a recursion expression (Appears only
when the [Explicit] tab is selected.)
n
B
w
Delete the term or value you are currently inputting
into a recursion expression
Display the Sequence Table Input dialog box
Display the Variable Manager (page 1-8-1)
8
5
{
Register and save data input using the Sequence Editor
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6-1-4
Sequence Application Overview
k Sequence Table Window Menus and Buttons
Edit Menu
The commands on the sequence Table window [Edit] menu are identical to those for the
Sequence Editor window [Edit] menu described on page 6-1-2.
Graph Menu
Tap this button:
Or select this Graph menu item:
To do this:
Draw a connect type graph
Draw a plot type graph
G-Connect
G-Plot
$
!
a Menu
To do this:
Select this a menu item:
Table to List
ReTable
Delete Table
Link
Save the contents of a table to a list
Regenerate the currently displayed table
Delete the currently displayed table
Execute a table and graph link trace
Buttons
Tap this button:
To do this:
Display the Sequence Editor window
&
Display the Sequence RUN window
`
8
6
5
Display the Sequence Table Input dialog box
Display the View Window dialog box
Display the Variable Manager (page 1-8-1)
k Sequence Graph Window Menus and Buttons
Edit Menu
The commands on this menu are identical to those for the Sequence Editor window [Edit]
menu described on page 6-1-2.
Zoom Menu
The commands on this menu are identical to those for the Graph & Table application [Zoom]
menu described on page 3-1-4.
Analysis Menu
The [Analysis] menu includes both [Trace] and [Sketch] items. For details about [Trace] and
[Sketch], see page 3-1-5.
a Menu
The commands on this menu are identical to those for the Graph & Table application a
menu described on page 3-1-3.
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6-1-5
Sequence Application Overview
Buttons
To do this:
Tap this button:
Create a sequence table
#v
Display the Sequence Editor window
Display the Sequence RUN window
Display the Sequence Table Input dialog box
Display the View Window dialog box
Display the Variable Manager (page 1-8-1)
&
`
8
6
5
k Sequence RUN Window Menus and Buttons
Edit Menu
The commands on the Sequence RUN window [Edit] menu are identical to those for the
Sequence Editor window [Edit] menu described on page 6-1-2.
n, an Menu
To do this:
Select one of these
n
,
a
n
menu items:
n
a
,
a
n
,
b
b
n
,
c
n
,
an+1
,
bn+1
,
cn+1
,
an+2
,
bn+2
,
cn+2
,
Input a recursion expression term
nE,
nE, or
c
nE
a0, a1 Menu
Select one of these
a
0
,
a
1
menu items
:
To do this:
Input a recursion system variable
a
0
,
a
1
,
a
2
,
b
0
,
b
1
,
b
2
,
c
0
,
c
1, or
c
2
Calc Menu
To do this:
Select this Calc menu items:
Input the “rSolve” function
Input the “Σ” function
rSolve
Σ
Buttons
To do this:
Tap this button:
Create a sequence table
#v
&
8
6
5
Display the Sequence Editor window
Display the Sequence Table Input dialog box
Display the View Window dialog box
Display the Variable Manager (page 1-8-1)
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6-1-6
Sequence Application Overview
Sequence Application Status Bar
The status bar at the bottom of the Sequence application shows the current angle unit setting
and [Complex Format] setting (page 14-3-2).
Angle unit Real mode
If you see this:
It means this:
The angle unit setting is radians.
The angle unit setting is degrees.
The Complex (complex number calculation) mode is selected.
The Real (real number calculation) mode is selected.
Rad
Deg
Cplx
Real
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6-2-1
Inputting an Expression in the Sequence Application
6-2 Inputting an Expression in the Sequence
Application
In the Sequence application, you input expressions using menus and buttons, without using
the soft keyboard at the bottom of the window.
Inputting Data on the Sequence Editor Window
To input an expression, tap the input location you want ((a), (b), or (c)) to locate the cursor
there. To input a recursion term, tap the [n,an] menu and then tap the term you want. If the
[Explicit] tab is displayed, you can also use the toolbar’s B to input a term-n.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Inputting Data on the Sequence RUN Window
As with the Sequence Editor window, tap ` to display the Sequence RUN window and use
the [n,an] menu to input recursion expression terms. You can also use the [a0,a1] menu to
input system variables ranging from a0 to c2.
Tip
• You can also input recursion expression terms using the 9 keyboard’s K key set.
• You can input recursion system variables (a0, anE, etc.) by tapping the ( tab on the soft
keyboard to display the catalog keyboard. Next, tap the “Form” down arrow button, and then
select [Sys].
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6-3-1
Recursive and Explicit Form of a Sequence
6-3 Recursive and Explicit Form of a Sequence
ClassPad supports use of three types of sequence expressions: an+1=, an+2= and anE.
Generating a Number Table
In addition to ordered pair tables, the Sequence application provides you with the means to
generate arithmetic sequence tables*1, geometric sequence tables*2, progression of
difference tables*3, and Fibonacci sequence tables*4.
*1 sequence table for determining if sequence is an arithmetic sequence
*2 sequence table for determining if sequence is a geometric sequence
*3 sequence table for determining if sequence is a progression of difference
*4 sequence table for determining if sequence is a Fibonacci sequence
Example: To create a table (Fibonacci sequence table) for the recursion
an+2 = an+1 + an, a1 = 1, a2 = 1
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Start up the Sequence Editor.
• If you have another application running, tap m and then H.
• If you have the Sequence application running, tap O and then [Sequence Editor].
(2) Tap the [Recursive] tab.
(3) Specify the recursion type by tapping [Type] and then [an+2Type a1,a2].
(4) Input the recursion expression.
• Tap the input box to the right of an+2:, and then use the procedures under “6-2
Inputting an Expression in the Sequence Application” to input the following.
[n,an] [an+1] + [n,an] [an] E
(5) Input the initial value.
1E1E
(6) Tap 8.
• This causes the Sequence Table Input dialog box to appear.
(7) Input the n-value range as shown below, and then tap [OK].
Start:1
End:5
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6-3-2
Recursive and Explicit Form of a Sequence
(8) Tap the down arrow button next to #, and then select ` to create the table.
3 = 2 + 1
In the above example, “4 Cells” is selected for the [Cell Width Pattern] setting on the
[Cell] tab of the Basic Format dialog box (page 14-3-3).
k Other Table Types
The following show what the window looks like after you generate other types of tables.
3 = 7 – 4
Ordered Pair Table
Arithmetic Sequence Table
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6-3-3
Recursive and Explicit Form of a Sequence
5 = 8 – 3
3 = 18 ÷ 6
2 = 20 ÷ 10
Progression of Difference
Table
Geometric Sequence Table
Graphing a Recursion
An expression can be graphed as a connect type graph (G-Connect) or a plot type graph
(G-Plot).
Example: To graph an+1 = 2an+1, a1 = 1
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Start up the Sequence Editor.
• If you have another application running, tap m and then H.
• If you have the Sequence application running, tap O and then [Sequence Editor].
(2) Tap the [Recursive] tab.
(3) Specify the recursion type by tapping [Type] and then [an+1Type a1].
(4) Input the recursion expression.
• Tap the input box to the right of an+1:, and then use the procedures under “6-2
Inputting an Expression in the Sequence Application” to input the following.
2 [n,an] [an]+1E
(5) Input the initial value.
1E
(6) Tap O and then [Settings] and [View Window].
• This displays a dialog box for configuring View Window settings.
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6-3-4
Recursive and Explicit Form of a Sequence
(7) Configure View Window settings as shown below.
xmin = 0 xmax = 6 xscale = 1 xdot: (Specify auto setting.)
ymin = –15 ymax = 65 yscale = 5 ydot: (Specify auto setting.)
(8) After everything is the way you want, tap [OK].
(9) Tap the down arrow button next to #, and then select + to create the table.
(10) Perform one of the following steps to draw the type of graph you want.
• To draw a connect type graph, tap $.
• To draw a plot type graph, tap !.
In the above example, “4 Cells” is selected for the [Cell Width Pattern] setting on the
[Cell] tab of the Basic Format dialog box (page 14-3-3).
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6-3-5
Recursive and Explicit Form of a Sequence
Determining the General Term of a Recursion Expression
The following procedure converts the sequence expressed by a recursion expression to the
general term format an = f (n).
Example: To determine the general term of the recursion expression an+1 = an + 2, a1 = 1
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Start up the Sequence Editor.
• If you have another application running, tap m and then H.
• If you have the Sequence application running, tap O and then [Sequence Editor].
(2) Tap (or press) O, [Sequence RUN], [Calc], [rSolve], [n,an], [an+1], =, [n,an], [an], +,
2, ,, [a0,a1], [a1], =, 1, and then ).
(3) Press E.
Tip
• For information about the syntax of the “rSolve” function, see “2-7 Using the Action Menu”.
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6-3-6
Recursive and Explicit Form of a Sequence
Calculating the Sum of a Sequence
Perform the following steps when you want to determine the sum of a specific range of the
sequence of a recursion expression or a general term expression.
Example: To calculate the sum of the general term expression anE = n2 + 2n – 1 in the
range of 2 < n < 10
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Start up the Sequence Editor.
• If you have another application running, tap m and then H.
• If you have the Sequence application running, tap O and then [Sequence Editor].
(2) Tap (or press) O, [Sequence RUN], [Calc], [Σ], [n,an], [n], {, 2, +, 2, [n,an],
[n], -, 1, ,, [n,an], [n], ,, 2, ,, 1, 0, and then ).
(3) Press E.
Tip
• For information about the syntax of the “Σ” function, see “2-7 Using the Action Menu”.
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Using LinkTrace
6-4 Using LinkTrace
While the Table and Graph windows are on the display, you can activate LinkTrace. To do
this, tap in the Table window to make it active. Next, tap a and then [Link]. While LinkTrace is
active, the pointer on the Graph window jumps automatically to the point indicated by the
coordinates in the currently selected table cell. Note that LinkTrace does not work when the
selected cell is in the first column (column n).
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Chapter
Using the Statistics
Application
7
This chapter explains how to use the Statistics application. You can
use the Statistics application to perform a variety of statistical
calculations and to graph statistical data. Numeric data stored in lists
can be used to perform Statistics application operations.
This chapter also includes information about performing statistical
tests, and calculating confidence intervals and distributions. Note that
such statistical calculations are performed using statistical commands
to create programs using the Program application.
7-1 Statistics Application Overview
7-2 Using List Editor
7-3 Before Trying to Draw a Statistical Graph
7-4 Graphing Single-Variable Statistical Data
7-5 Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data
7-6 Using the Statistical Graph Window Toolbar
7-7 Performing Statistical Calculations
7-8 Test, Confidence Interval, and Distribution Calculations
7-9 Tests
7-10 Confidence Intervals
7-11 Distribution
7-12 Statistical System Variables
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7-1-1
Statistics Application Overview
7-1 Statistics Application Overview
This section describes the configuration of the Statistics application windows and provides
basic information about its menus and commands.
The Statistics application provides you with the tools you need to perform the operations
listed below.
You can also use the Program application (page 12-7-4) to perform statistical operations.
u List data input and sorting
u Statistical graph drawing
• Single-variable statistical graphs (Normal Probability Plot, Histogram, Med-Box plot,
Modified-Box plot, Normal Distribution curve, Broken line graph)
• Paired-variable statistical graphs (Scatter diagram, xy line graph, various types of
regression graphs)
u Statistical calculation
• Single-variable statistical calculations
• Paired-variable statistical calculations
• Regression calculations
• Residual calculations
u Program Application Statistical Operations
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7-1-2
Statistics Application Overview
Starting Up the Statistics Application
Use the following procedure to start up the Statistics application.
u ClassPad Operation
On the application menu, tap I.
This starts the Statistics application and displays the List Editor window.
List name cell
Cell (variable name)
Line number
Line
Column
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7-1-3
Statistics Application Overview
List Editor Window Menus and Buttons
This section explains the operations you can perform using the menus and buttons of the
Statistical application’s List Editor window.
Tap this
button:
Or select this
menu item:
To do this:
Open an existing list (page 7-2-3)
—
—
—
Edit - Open List
Edit - Close List
Edit - Jump to Top
Close the currently selected list (page 7-2-4)
Jump to line 1 of the current list (page 7-2-3)
Jump to the line after the last line of the current list
(page 7-2-3)
—
Edit - Jump to Bottom
Sort list data ascending (page 7-2-8)
Sort list data descending (page 7-2-8)
Delete a cell (page 7-2-7)
Edit - Sort(Ascending)
L
:
H
J
—
Edit - Sort(Descending)
Edit - Delete - Cell
Delete all of the data in a list (page 7-2-7)
Delete a list from memory (page 7-2-7)
Insert a cell into a list (page 7-2-7)
Convert a mathematical expression to a value
Draw a statistical graph
Edit - Delete - Column
Edit - Delete - List Variable
Edit - Insert Cell
K
9
y
!
~
—
—
—
—
Display Graph Editor window
Display the Main application work area window
O - Settings -
Display the View Window dialog box
Display the Variable Manager
6
5
View Window
O - Settings -
Variable Manager
Display the Set StatGraphs dialog box
SetGraph - Setting…
G
S
D
F
Display two columns in the List Editor window
Display three columns in the List Editor window
Display four columns in the List Editor window
—
—
—
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7-1-4
Statistics Application Overview
List Editor Window Status Bar
The status bar at the bottom of the List Editor window shows the current angle unit setting
(page 14-3-2), statistics View Window setting (page 7-3-2), and decimal calculation setting
(page 14-3-2).
1
2
3
If you see this:
Rad
It means this:
The angle unit setting is radians.
1
2
3
Deg
The angle unit setting is degrees.
Auto
Statistics View Window settings are configured automatically.
Statistics View Window settings need to be configured manually.
Standard mode: Displays result in exact form (fractional format).
Decimal mode: Converts result to a decimal (approximate value).
<blank>
Standard
Decimal
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7-2-1
Using List Editor
7-2 Using List Editor
Lists play a very important role in ClassPad statistical calculations. This section provides an
overview of list operations and terminology. It also explains how to use the List Editor, a tool
for creating and maintaining lists.
Basic List Operations
This section provides the basics of list operations, including how to start up the Statistics
application, how to open a list, and how to close a list. It also tells you about list variables
and how to use them.
k What is a list?
A list is a type of data array that makes it possible to manipulate multiple data items as a
group. A list has one column and can contain up to 9,999 rows. You can display up to 99 lists
on the List Editor window.
List operations are performed using the List Editor window, which appears whenever you
start up the Statistics application.
Lists are treated as variables, and like variables, are stored in a folder in the memory and
can be manipulated using the Variable Manager. If a list is cleared from the display, it still
exists in memory as a variable and can be recalled when needed.
Note
• See “Inputting Data into a List” for information about data input (page 7-2-4).
k Using List Variables
The list name is located in the cell at the top of each list. List variable names can be used
inside of calculation formulas, just like any other variable name. The initial default List Editor
window shows six lists (columns), named list1 through list6.
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7-2-2
Using List Editor
k Creating a List
A list starts out with an initial default name like list1, list2, list3, etc. The List Editor allows you
to generate list data (list variables) quickly and easily.
Note
• The List Editor window has six default list variables, named “list1” through “list6”. These lists
are system variables that are defined by the system. For more information about system
variables, see “Variable Types” on page 1-7-2.
• The list name can be changed from its default name, “list1” through “list6”, to a name that
you specify.
u To create a list
(1) On the List Editor window, tap the list name cell at the top of the list you want to name.
This selects the list name cell.
(2) Enter up to eight bytes for the list name you want, and then press E.
• You cannot use any ClassPad reserved words as list variable names. You also cannot
specify a list name that is already used by another list.
Tip
• If you enter a list name that is already used for another list, tapping w displays the contents of
that list. The data of the existing list replaces data you have input on the List Editor window.
• Entering a list name without specifying a folder stores the variable name in the current folder. To
store the variable name in another folder, specify the folder name along with the list name. To
store the variable name of a list named “a” in a folder named “abc”, for example, enter the
following for the list name: abc\a.
k Navigating Around the List Editor Window
The following describes the different techniques you can use to navigate around the List
Editor window and select the cell you want.
u To select a cell
Use the cursor key to move the highlighting up, down, left, and right. The List Editor window
scrolls automatically whenever the highlighting reaches a cell at the edge of the window.
You can also select a particular cell by tapping it with the stylus.
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Using List Editor
u To jump to the first or last line of a list
(1) Select any cell in the list.
(2) On the menu bar, tap [Edit].
(3) Select one of the following commands to perform the type of operation you want.
To do this:
Select this command:
Move the cursor to line 1 of the list
Jump to Top
Move the cursor to the line following the last line that
contains data
• If your list contains 14 entries, then the cursor will move
to the 15 entry.
Jump to Bottom
• If your list contains 9999 entries (the maximum allowed),
then the cursor will move to line 9999.
k Opening a List
Lists are saved in files under their list (variable) names. This means you can close a list and
re-open it later when you need it.
There are two different methods you can use to open a list: using the [Open List] command
and inputting the name of the list in the list name cell of a column.
u To open an existing list using the “Open List” command
(1) On the List Editor window, select any cell in the column where you want the list you will
open to appear.
(2) On the menu bar, tap [Edit] and then [Open List].
(3) In the “list=” box that appears, enter the variable name of the list you want to open, and
then tap w.
Tip
• If you enter a variable name that does not match the names of any of the existing lists in step (3),
a new list is created using that name.
u To open an existing list by inputting its name in the list name cell
(1) On the List Editor window, select the list name cell of the column where you want the
list you will open to appear.
(2) Enter the variable name of the list you want to open.
(3) Tap w to open the list.
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7-2-4
Using List Editor
k Closing a List
Closing a list saves it under its current list (variable) name.
There are two different methods you can use to close a list: using the [Close List] command,
and clearing the list name from its list name cell.
u To close a list using the “Close List” command
(1) On the List Editor window, select any cell of the list you want to close.
(2) On the menu bar, tap [Edit] and then [Close List].
• The selected list disappears from the display and is replaced by all blanks.
• At this time, the “list=” box also appears. To open another list, enter its name into the
“list=” box, and then tap w.
Tip
• This above operation clears the list from the display only. The list is still stored as a list variable in
memory, and can be opened when you need it again.
u To close a list by clearing its list name
(1) On the List Editor window, select the list name cell of the column of the list you want to
close.
(2) Tap the “list=” box at the bottom of the List Editor window.
(3) Press the c key so the list (variable) name is cleared.
(4) Tap w.
Inputting Data into a List
Use the procedures in this section to input data and expressions into a list.
u To input a single data item
(1) On the List Editor window, select the cell where you want to input the data item.
• Use the cursor key to move the highlighting, or tap the cell with the stylus.
Line number where
String input
data is being input
Input data Cell where data
is being input
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7-2-5
Using List Editor
(2) Input the data you want.
To input a value
• Use the input keypad or soft keyboard that appears when you press k. You can
also access the soft keyboard by tapping O Menu.
To input a mathematical expression
• Use the soft keyboard that appears when you press k.
• When the “Decimal Calculation” check box is not selected (unchecked) on the Basic
Format dialog box (page 14-3-2), any mathematical expression you input is stored
as-is.
• When the “Decimal Calculation” check box is selected, the mathematical expression
is converted to a value before it is stored. Input of 1/2, for example, is converted to
0.5.
To input a string
• Enclose text in quotation marks to make it a string. To input quotation marks, press
k to display the soft keyboard, tap the 9 tab, and then tap K. For more
information about strings, see page 12-6-41.
(3) Press E to store the data in the cell.
• Selecting a cell that already contains data replaces the existing data with the new
data.
Tip
• You can also input a variable name as list data. In this case, pressing E in step (3) causes
either of the following to happen.
Inputting this type of variable:
Causes this to appear in the cell:
Variable contents (right aligned for value or left aligned for
expression)
Defined variable
Undefined variable
Variable name
• You need to assign a name to a list before you can input data. Trying to input data into an
unnamed list will cause the cursor to jump automatically to the list name cell at the top of that list.
For information on how to name lists, see “Creating a List” on page 7-2-2.
• To convert an expression in a cell to a value, select the cell and then tap 9.
• Note that statistical calculations and graphing can be performed only using a list that contains
numeric values or mathematical expressions that can be converted into numeric values. An error
occurs if you try to perform a statistical calculation or draw a graph using a list that contains a
string or a non-convertible mathematical expression.
• You cannot edit list data while the b icon is displayed in the “Cal ” line.
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7-2-6
Using List Editor
u To batch input a set of data
Example: To input the values 1, 2, and 3 into list1
(1) On the List Editor window, select the “Cal” cell of the list where you want to input the
data (list1 in this example).
(2) Enter {1,2,3}.
• To input braces ({}), press k to display the soft keyboard, and then tap the 9
tab.
(3) Tap w.
Tip
• Separate values by commas. Do not input a comma following the last value.
Incorrect: {34,53,78,}
Correct: {34,53,78}
u To input calculation results into a cell
Example: To multiply the value of each cell in list1 by two and input the results in list2
(1) On the List Editor window, select the “Cal” cell of the list where you want to input the
calculation results (list2 in this example).
(2) In the “Cal=” box, enter the calculation formula (list1×2 in this example).
(3) Press E to perform the calculation. The values in each cell of list1 are doubled, and
the results are input into list2.
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7-2-7
Using List Editor
Editing List Contents
Use the procedures in this section to delete and insert elements, to clear data, and to sort
data.
u To delete a list cell
(1) On the List Editor window, select the cell you want to delete.
(2) Tap [Edit].
(3) On the menu that appears, tap [Delete], and then tap [Cell] on the submenu that
appears.
• This deletes the cell and shifts all of the cells below it upwards.
Tip
• You can also delete a cell by selecting it and then pressing the c key.
• Note that deleting a cell does not affect the cells in other lists. If the position of the cell you are
deleting or the cells underneath it are aligned with certain cells of another list, deleting the cell will
cause misalignment of the cells underneath it when they shift upwards.
u To delete all of the data in a list
(1) On the List Editor window, select the list whose data you want to delete.
(2) Tap [Edit].
(3) On the menu that appears, tap [Delete]. On the submenu that appears, tap [Column].
(4) On the confirmation dialog box that appears, tap [OK] to delete the list data, or [Cancel]
to cancel the delete operation.
• Tapping [OK] deletes all the data from the list, and leaves the empty list in memory.
u To delete a list from memory
(1) On the List Editor window, select the list you want to delete.
(2) Tap [Edit].
(3) On the menu that appears, tap [Delete]. On the submenu that appears, tap [List
Variable].
(4) On the confirmation dialog box that appears, tap [OK] to delete the list, or [Cancel] to
cancel the delete operation.
• Tapping [OK] deletes the list from memory.
u To insert a cell into a list
(1) On the List Editor window, select the list cell where you want to insert a new cell.
(2) On the menu bar, tap [Edit] and then [Insert Cell].
• This inserts a cell at the current highlighted location, shifting all the cells below it
downwards. The new cell contains the word “Undefined”.
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Using List Editor
Tip
• Note that inserting a cell does not affect the cells in other lists. If you insert a cell in a list that is
aligned with another list, the lists will become misaligned when the cells underneath are shifted
downwards.
Sorting List Data
You can use the procedures in this section to sort the data of a list in ascending or
descending order. Note that the location of the highlighting does not have any affect on
a sort operation.
u To sort a single list
(1) On the List Editor window, tap [Edit] and then [Sort(Ascending)] or [Sort(Descending)].
(2) In response to the “How Many Lists?” prompt that appears, select 1 and then tap [OK].
(3) In response to the “Select List Name” prompt that appears, tap the down arrow button
and then select the name (variable name) of the list you want to sort.
(4) Tap [OK] to sort the data.
u To sort multiple lists on a base list
(1) On the List Editor window, tap [Edit] and then [Sort(Ascending)] or [Sort(Descending)].
(2) In response to the “How Many Lists?” prompt that appears, tap the down arrow button
and then specify the number of lists you want to sort.
(3) Tap [OK].
(4) In response to the “Select Base List” prompt that appears, tap the down arrow button
and then select the name (variable name) of the list on which you want the sort to be
based.
(5) Tap [OK].
(6) In response to the “Select Second List” prompt that appears, tap the down arrow button
and then select the name (variable name) of the second list to be sorted.
(7) Tap [OK].
(8) Repeat steps (6) and (7) as many times as necessary to specify all of the lists to be
sorted.
• Tapping [OK] after selecting the final list executes the actual sort operation.
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7-2-9
Using List Editor
Controlling the Number of Displayed List Columns
You can use the following procedures to control how many list columns appear on the
Statistics application window. You can select 2, 3, or 4 columns.
u To specify the number of columns for the list display
On the List Editor window, tap S (two columns), D (three columns) or F (four columns)
to specify the width. You will need to tap the arrow button on the right end of the toolbar to
see the icons.
Tip
• You can also specify the number of display cells using the [Cell Width Pattern] setting on the
[Cell] tab of the Basic Format dialog box (page 14-3-3).
• When you have the List Editor window displayed along with a second window, you can make the
List Editor window active and then tap the r button on the icon panel to expand the List Editor
window to fill the entire display. For more information, see “Using a Dual Window Display” on
page 1-5-1.
Clearing All List Editor Data
Use the following procedure to initialize the List Editor and clear all currently displayed data.
Following this procedure, the List Editor shows six empty lists, named list1 through list6.
Warning!
• Performing the following procedure clears all the data from List Editor window list1 through
list6.
u To clear all list editor data
(1) On the List Editor window, tap [Edit] and then [Clear All].
(2) On the confirmation dialog box that appears, tap [OK] to clear the all list data or
[Cancel] to cancel the clear operation.
• After you tap [OK], the List Editor window shows six empty lists (three lists visible on
the ClassPad display at a time), named list1 through list6.
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7-3-1
Before Trying to Draw a Statistical Graph
7-3 Before Trying to Draw a Statistical Graph
Before drawing a statistical graph, you need to first configure its “StatGraph setup” using the
[SetGraph] menu.
The StatGraph setup allows you to configure parameters to control the graph type, the lists
that contain a graph’s data, the type of plot markers to be used, and other settings. Up to
nine StatGraph setups, named StatGraph1, StatGraph2, and so on, can be stored in
memory for later recall.
Using the SetGraph Menu
Tapping [SetGraph] on the List Editor window menu bar displays a menu like the one shown
below.
The following describes what you can do with each of the [SetGraph] menu items. See the
following pages for details about performing each type of operation.
When you want to do this:
Do this:
Display a dialog box for specifying the graph
type and data list for each StatGraph setup
Tap [Setting…].
Select the check box(es) next to the
StatGraph setup(s) you want to graph. This
can also be achieved by tapping [Setting...]
and scrolling through StatGraph1 through
StatGraph9.
Select a StatGraph setup for graphing
Overlay a function graph on a statistical
graph
Select the check box next to [Graph Function].
Clear the check box next to [Graph Function].
Select the check box next to [Previous Reg].
Turn off function graph overlay
Graph the results of the last regression
calculation you performed
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7-3-2
Before Trying to Draw a Statistical Graph
When you want to do this:
Do this:
Turn off graphing of the last regression
calculation results
Clear the check box next to [Previous Reg].
Have Statistics View Window settings
configured automatically
Tap [Stat Window Auto] and then select
[On].
Configure Statistics View Window settings
manually
Tap [Stat Window Auto] and then select
[Off].
Configuring StatGraph Setups
Use the procedure below to display the Set StatGraphs dialog box and configure the nine
StatGraph setups.
u To display the Set StatGraphs dialog box
(1) On the List Editor window, tap [SetGraph] and then [Setting…].
• This displays the Set StatGraphs dialog box.
Tabs
Tab selection buttons
• There is a tab for each StatGraph setup, named StatGraph1 through StatGraph9.
(2) Tap the tab selection buttons to display the tab for the StatGraph setup whose
configuration you want to change.
(3) Configure the StatGraph setup settings you want as described below, and then tap
[Set]. This will apply the settings for all nine StatGraphs.
• To exit the Set StatGraphs dialog box without changing any settings, tap [Cancel]
instead of [Set].
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7-3-3
Before Trying to Draw a Statistical Graph
u Draw
To do this:
Select this option:
Draw the graph using the StatGraph setup of the current tab
Not draw the graph using the StatGraph setup of the current tab
On
Off
u Type
Tap the down arrow button, and then select the graph type from the list that appears.
To draw this type of graph:
Scatter plot
Select this option:
Scatter
xyLine
xy line graph
Normal probability plot
Histogram
NPPlot
Histogram
MedBox
ModBox
NDist
Med-box plot
Modified-box plot
Normal distribution curve
Broken line graph
Broken
LinearR
MedMed
QuadR
CubicR
QuartR
LogR
Linear regression graph
Med-Med graph
Quadratic regression graph
Cubic regression graph
Quartic regression graph
Logarithmic regression graph
.
b x
.
.
Exponential regression graph (y = a e
Exponential regression graph (y = a bx)
Power regression graph
)
ExpR
abExpR
PowerR
SinR
Sinusoidal regression graph
Logistic regression graph
LogisticR
u XList
Tap the down arrow button, and then select the name of the list (list1 through list6, or a list
name you assigned) that you want to use for x-axis data.
• You need to specify only an XList in the case of single-variable statistics (page 7-4-1). The
initial default [XList] setting is “list1”.
u YList
Tap the down arrow button, and then select the name of the list (list1 through list6, or a list
name you assigned) that you want to use for y-axis data.
• Specify a YList in addition to an XList in the case of paired-variable statistics (page 7-5-1).
The initial default [YList] setting is “list2”.
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7-3-4
Before Trying to Draw a Statistical Graph
u Freq
Tap the down arrow button, and then select the frequency setting from the list that appears.
To do this:
Select this option:
Plot each data value once
1
list1 — list6
(or a list name you
assigned)
Specify a list whose values indicate the frequency of each
data value
• The initial default frequency setting is 1. Specifying a list that causes each data value to be
plotted five times helps to improve the appearance of scatter plots.
• A list of frequency values can contain non-zero integers and decimal values. In the case of
a MedBox, ModBox, or MedMed graph, however, a frequency list can contain positive
integers only. Non-integer values (such as those with a decimal part) cause an error during
statistical calculations.
u Mark
Tap the down arrow button, and select the shape you want to use for the plot points of a
scatter diagram (Scatter), xy line graph (xyLine), or normal probability plot (NPPlot).
Mark Name
square
cross
Mark
ldot
dot
Tip
• The default graph setting for all nine StatGraph setups is a scatter plot (Scatter).
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7-4-1
Graphing Single-Variable Statistical Data
7-4 Graphing Single-Variable Statistical Data
Single-variable data is data that consists of a single value. If you are trying to obtain the
average height of the members of a single class, for example, the single variable would be
height.
Single-variable statistics include distributions and sums. You can produce any of the graphs
described below using single-variable data.
Before trying to draw any of the graphs described below, configure the graph setup using the
procedures under “Configuring StatGraph Setups” on page 7-3-2.
Normal Probability Plot (NPPlot)
The normal probability plot plots data against a theoretical normal distribution using a scatter
plot. If the scatter plot is close to a straight line, then the data is approximately normal. A
departure from the straight line indicates a departure from normality.
k Graph Parameter Settings (page 7-3-3, 7-3-4)
• [XList] specifies the list that contains the data to be plotted.
• [Mark] specifies the shape of the plot mark.
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7-4-2
Graphing Single-Variable Statistical Data
Histogram Bar Graph (Histogram)
A histogram shows the frequency (frequency distribution) of each data class as a rectangular
bar. Classes are on the horizontal axis, while frequency is on the vertical axis.
k Graph Parameter Settings (page 7-3-3, 7-3-4)
• [XList] specifies the list that contains the data to be graphed.
• [Freq] specifies the frequency of the data.
Tap [OK].
e
A dialog box like the one shown above appears before the graph is drawn.
You can use this dialog box to change the start value (HStart) and step value
(HStep) of the histogram, if you want.
Med-Box Plot (MedBox)
This type of graph is often called a “Box and Whisker” graph. It lets you see how a large
number of data items are grouped within specific ranges.
minX Q1
Med
Q3 maxX
Label
minX
Q1
Meaning
minimum
Description
The data’s smallest value
The median between minX and Med.
First Quartile
The median of all the data values. If you have 13 values, for
example, this is the value at position seven (six values left
and right).
Med
Median
Q3
Third Quartile
maximum
The median between maxX and Med.
The data’s largest value
maxX
• The lines from minX to Q1, and from Q3 to maxX are called “whiskers”.
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7-4-3
Graphing Single-Variable Statistical Data
k Graph Parameter Settings (page 7-3-3, 7-3-4)
• [XList] specifies the list that contains the data to be plotted.
• [Freq] specifies the frequency of the data.
Tip
• When specifying a list of frequency values, make sure that the list contains positive integers only.
Non-integer values (such as those with a decimal part) cause an error during statistical
calculations.
Modified-Box Plot (ModBox)
The modified box plot uses the “1.5 × IQR Rule” to define limits for “outliers”, which are
values that do not follow the same pattern as the rest of the data.
The letters “IQR” stand for “Interquartile Range”, which is the length of the box of the
MedBox graph described in the preceding section. IQR is calculated as follows:
IQR = Q3 (third quartile) – Q1 (first quartile).
Any value that is 1.5 × IQR below the first quartile or 1.5 × IQR above the third quartile is an
outlier. Outliers are indicated as squares.
Q1 – (1.5 × IQR)
Q1 Q3
Q3 + (1.5 × IQR)
Outliers
Outliers
k Graph Parameter Settings (page 7-3-3, 7-3-4)
• [XList] specifies the list that contains the data to be plotted.
• [Freq] specifies the frequency of the data.
Tip
• When specifying a list of frequency values, make sure that the list contains positive integers only.
Non-integer values (such as those with a decimal part) cause an error during statistical
calculations.
Normal Distribution Curve (NDist)
The normal distribution curve is graphed using the following normal distribution function.
2
(
)
2
x–x
2σn
1
y
e–
=
2 π σn
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7-4-4
Graphing Single-Variable Statistical Data
k Graph Parameter Settings (page 7-3-3, 7-3-4)
• [XList] specifies the list that contains the data to be graphed.
• [Freq] specifies the frequency of the data.
Broken Line Graph (Broken)
In the broken line graph, lines connect the pointers that fall at the center of each histogram
bar.
k Graph Parameter Settings (page 7-3-3, 7-3-4)
• [XList] specifies the list that contains the data to be graphed.
• [Freq] specifies the frequency of the data.
Tap [OK].
e
A dialog box like the one shown above appears before the graph is drawn. You
can use this dialog box to change the start value (HStart) and step value
(HStep) of the histogram, if you want.
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7-5-1
Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data
7-5 Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data
With paired-variable statistical data there are two values for each data item. An example of
paired-variable statistical data would be the change in size of an iron bar as its temperature
changes. One variable would be temperature, and the other variable is the corresponding
bar size. Your ClassPad lets you produce any of the graphs described in this section using
paired-variable data.
Before trying to draw any of the graphs described below, configure the graph setup using the
procedures under “Configuring StatGraph Setups” on page 7-3-2.
Drawing a Scatter Plot and xy Line Graph
Use the procedure below to plot a scatter diagram and then connect the dots to produce an
xy line graph.
Example: Input the paired-variable data shown below. Next, plot the data on a scatter
diagram and then connect the dots to produce an xy line graph.
list1 = 0.5, 1.2, 2.4, 4.0, 5.2
list2 = –2.1, 0.3, 1.5, 2.0, 2.4
u ClassPad Operation
(1) m I
(2) Input the data shown above.
(3) Tap [SetGraph] and then [Setting…], or tap G.
(4) On the Set StatGraphs dialog box that appears, configure a StatGraph setup with the
scatter plot settings shown below, and then tap [Set].
Draw: On
Type: Scatter
XList: list1
YList: list2
(5) Tap y to plot the scatter plot.
(6) Tap the List window to make it active.
(7) Tap [SetGraph] and then [Setting…], or tap G.
(8) On the Set StatGraphs dialog box that appears, configure a StatGraph setup with the
xy line graph settings shown below, and then tap [Set].
Draw: On
Type: xyLine
XList: list1
YList: list2
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Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data
(9) Tap y to draw the xy line graph.
Scatter diagram
xy line graph
Drawing a Regression Graph
Use the procedures below to input paired-variable statistical data. Next perform regression
using the data and then graph the results. Note that you can draw a regression graph without
performing the regression calculation.
Example 1: Input the paired-variable data shown below and plot the data on a scatter
diagram. Next, perform logarithmic regression on the data to display the
regression parameters, and then draw the regression graph.
list1 = 0.5, 1.2, 2.4, 4.0, 5.2
list2 = –2.1, 0.3, 1.5, 2.0, 2.4
u ClassPad Operation
(1) m I
(2) Input the data shown above.
(3) Tap [SetGraph] and then [Setting…], or tap G.
(4) On the Set StatGraphs dialog box that appears, configure a StatGraph setup with the
settings shown below, and then tap [Set].
Draw: On
Type: Scatter
XList: list1
YList: list2
(5) Tap y to plot the scatter diagram.
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Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data
(6) Tap [Calc] [Logarithmic Reg]
(7) Tap [OK]
(8) Tap [OK] "
Tip
• You can perform trace (page 3-7-1) on a regression graph. Trace scroll, however, is not
supported when a scatter diagram is displayed.
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7-5-4
Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data
Example 2: Input the paired-variable data shown below (which is the same data as Example
1), and then draw the regression graph without performing regression
calculation.
list1 = 0.5, 1.2, 2.4, 4.0, 5.2
list2 = –2.1, 0.3, 1.5, 2.0, 2.4
u ClassPad Operation
(1) m I
(2) Input the data shown above.
(3) Tap [SetGraph] and then [Setting…], or tap G.
(4) On the Set StatGraphs dialog box that appears, configure a StatGraph setup with the
settings shown below, and then tap [Set].
Draw: On
Type: LogR
XList: list1
YList: list2
(5) Tap y to graph.
Graphing Previously Calculated Regression Results
Performing the following procedure graphs the last set of regression results you calculated.
Use this procedure when you want to perform statistical calculations without graphing first,
and then graph the results.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) [SetGraph]
(2) On the menu that appears, select the [Previous Reg] check box.
(3) Tap the Graph window or y to graph the last set of regression results you calculated.
Tip
• Calculated regression results are stored in memory whenever you perform a regression
calculation from the List Editor menu or from the Statistical Graph [Calc] menu.
• The [Previous Reg] check box described in step (2) above is selected automatically whenever
you perform a regression calculation from the List Editor menu or from the Statistical Graph
[Calc] menu.
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7-5-5
Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data
Drawing a Linear Regression Graph
Linear regression uses the method of least squares to determine the equation that best fits
your data points, and returns values for the slope and y-intercept. The graphic representation
of this relationship is a linear regression graph.
u ClassPad Operation
Start the graphing operation from the Statistics application’s Graph window or List window.
From the Graph window
Tap [Calc] [Linear Reg] [OK] [OK] ".
From the List window
Tap [SetGraph] [Setting…], or G.
On the Set StatGraphs dialog box that appears, configure a StatGraph setup with the
setting shown below, and then tap [Set].
Type: LinearR
Tap y to draw the graph.
The following is the linear regression model formula.
y = a·x + b
a :
b :
r :
regression coefficient (slope)
regression constant term (y-intercept)
correlation coefficient
r2 :
coefficient of determination
MSe : mean square error
n
1
(yi – (a·xi+ b))2
• MSe =
Σ
n – 2
i=1
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Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data
Drawing a Med-Med Graph
When you suspect that the data contains extreme values, you should use the Med-Med
graph (which is based on medians) in place of the linear regression graph. Med-Med graph is
similar to the linear regression graph, but it also minimizes the effects of extreme values.
u ClassPad Operation
Start the graphing operation from the Statistics application’s Graph window or List window.
From the Graph window
Tap [Calc] [MedMed Line] [OK] [OK] ".
From the List window
Tap [SetGraph][Setting...], or G.
On the Set StatGraphs dialog box that appears, configure a StatGraph setup with the
setting shown below, and then tap [Set].
Type: MedMed
Tap y to draw the graph.
The following is the Med-Med model formula.
y = a·x + b
a : Med-Med graph slope
b : Med-Med graph y-intercept
Tip
• When specifying a list of frequency values, make sure that the list contains positive integers only.
Non-integer values (such as those with a decimal part) cause an error during statistical
calculations.
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7-5-7
Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data
Drawing Quadratic, Cubic, and Quartic Regression Graphs
You can draw a quadratic, cubic, or quartic regression graph based on the plotted points.
These graphs use the method of least squares to draw a curve that passes the vicinity of as
many data points as possible. These graphs can be expressed as quadratic, cubic, and
quartic regression expressions.
The following procedure shows how to graph a quadratic regression only. Graphing the cubic
and quartic regressions are similar.
u ClassPad Operation (Quadratic Regression)
Start the graphing operation from the Statistics application’s Graph window or List window.
From the Graph window
Tap [Calc] [Quadratic Reg] [OK] [OK] ".
• For cubic regression tap [Cubic Reg] and for quartic regression tap [Quartic Reg]
instead of [Quadratic Reg].
From the List window
Tap [SetGraph][Setting...], or G.
On the Set StatGraphs dialog box that appears, configure a StatGraph setup with the
setting shown below, and then tap [Set].
Type: QuadR
• For cubic regression select [CubicR] and for quartic regression tap [QuartR] instead
of [QuadR].
Tap y to draw the graph.
The following are the model formulas for each type of regression.
Quadratic Regression
Model Formula: y = a·x2 + b·x + c
a :
b :
c :
r2 :
quadratic regression coefficient
linear regression coefficient
regression constant term (y-intercept)
coefficient of determination
MSe : mean square error
n
1
(yi – (a·x 2
i
+ b·xi+ c))2
• MSe =
Σ
n – 3
i=1
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Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data
Cubic Regression
Model Formula: y = a·x3 + b·x2 + c·x + d
a :
b :
c :
d :
r2 :
cubic regression coefficient
quadratic regression coefficient
linear regression coefficient
regression constant term (y-intercept)
coefficient of determination
MSe : mean square error
n
1
(yi – (a·x3
i
+ b·x 2+ c·xi +d ))2
i
• MSe =
Σ
n – 4
i=1
Quartic Regression
Model Formula: y = a·x4 + b·x3 + c·x2 + d·x + e
a :
b :
c :
d :
e :
r2 :
quartic regression coefficient
cubic regression coefficient
quadratic regression coefficient
linear regression coefficient
regression constant term (y-intercept)
coefficient of determination
MSe : mean square error
n
1
(yi – (a·x4
i
+ b·x 3
i
+ c·x 2 + d·xi + e))2
i
• MSe =
Σ
n – 5
i=1
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7-5-9
Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data
Drawing a Logarithmic Regression Graph
Logarithmic regression expresses y as a logarithmic function of x. The normal logarithmic
regression formula is y = a + b · ln(x). If we say that X = ln(x), then this formula corresponds
to the linear regression formula y = a + b·X.
u ClassPad Operation
Start the graphing operation from the Statistics application’s Graph window or List window.
From the Graph window
Tap [Calc] [Logarithmic Reg] [OK] [OK] ".
From the List window
Tap [SetGraph][Setting...], or G.
On the Set StatGraphs dialog box that appears, configure a StatGraph setup with the
setting shown below, and then tap [Set].
Type: LogR
Tap y to draw the graph.
The following is the logarithmic regression model formula.
y = a + b·ln(x)
a :
b :
r :
regression constant term
regression coefficient
correlation coefficient
r2 :
coefficient of determination
MSe : mean square error
n
1
(yi – (a + b·ln (xi)))2
• MSe =
Σ
n – 2
i=1
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Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data
·
Drawing a Exponential Regression Graph ( y = a·eb x)
Exponential regression can be used when y is proportional to the exponential function of x.
The normal exponential regression formula is y = a · eb·x. If we obtain the logarithms of both
.
sides, we get ln(y) = ln(a) + b x. Next, if we say that Y = ln(y) and A = In(a), the formula
.
corresponds to the linear regression formula Y = A + b x.
u ClassPad Operation
Start the graphing operation from the Statistics application’s Graph window or List window.
From the Graph window
Tap [Calc] [Exponential Reg] [OK] [OK] ".
From the List window
Tap [SetGraph][Setting...], or G.
On the Set StatGraphs dialog box that appears, configure a StatGraph setup with the
setting shown below, and then tap [Set].
Type: ExpR
Tap y to draw the graph.
The following is the exponential regression model formula in this case.
y = a · eb·x
a :
b :
r :
regression coefficient
regression constant term
correlation coefficient
r2 :
coefficient of determination
MSe : mean square error
n
1
(ln (yi) – (ln (a) + b·xi ))2
• MSe =
Σ
n – 2
i=1
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7-5-11
Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data
Drawing a Exponential Regression Graph (y = a·bx)
Exponential regression can be used when y is proportional to the exponential function of x.
The normal exponential regression formula in this case is y = a·bx. If we take the natural
logarithms of both sides, we get ln(y) = ln(a) + (ln(b)) · x. Next, if we say that Y = ln(y),
A = ln(a) and B = ln(b), the formula corresponds to the linear regression formula Y = A + B·x.
u ClassPad Operation
Start the graphing operation from the Statistics application’s Graph window or List window.
From the Graph window
Tap [Calc] [abExponential Reg] [OK] [OK] ".
From the List window
Tap [SetGraph][Setting...], or G.
On the Set StatGraphs dialog box that appears, configure a StatGraph setup with the
setting shown below, and then tap [Set].
Type: abExpR
Tap y to draw the graph.
The following is the exponential regression model formula in this case.
y = a·bx
a :
b :
r :
regression coefficient
regression constant term
correlation coefficient
r2 :
coefficient of determination
MSe : mean square error
n
1
(ln (yi) – (ln (a) + (ln (b)) xi))2
.
• MSe =
Σ
n – 2
i=1
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7-5-12
Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data
Drawing a Power Regression Graph (y = a·xb)
Power regression can be used when y is proportional to the power of x. The normal power
regression formula is y = a · xb. If we obtain the logarithms of both sides, we get ln(y) = ln(a)
+ b · ln(x). Next, if we say that X = ln(x), Y = ln(y), and A = ln(a), the formula corresponds to
the linear regression formula Y = A + b·X.
u ClassPad Operation
Start the graphing operation from the Statistics application’s Graph window or List window.
From the Graph window
Tap [Calc] [Power Reg] [OK] [OK] ".
From the List window
Tap [SetGraph][Setting...], or G.
On the Set StatGraphs dialog box that appears, configure a StatGraph setup with the
setting shown below, and then tap [Set].
Type: PowerR
Tap y to draw the graph.
The following is the power regression model formula.
y = a·xb
a :
b :
r :
regression coefficient
regression power
correlation coefficient
coefficient of determination
r2 :
MSe : mean square error
n
1
(ln (yi) – (ln (a) + b·ln (xi)))2
• MSe =
Σ
n – 2
i=1
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7-5-13
Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data
Drawing a Sinusoidal Regression Graph (y = a·sin(b·x + c) + d)
Sinusoidal regression is best for data that repeats at a regular fixed interval over time.
u ClassPad Operation
Start the graphing operation from the Statistics application’s Graph window or List window.
From the Graph window
Tap [Calc] [Sinusoidal Reg] [OK] [OK] ".
From the List window
Tap [SetGraph][Setting...], or G.
On the Set StatGraphs dialog box that appears, configure a StatGraph setup with the
setting shown below, and then tap [Set].
Type: SinR
Tap y to draw the graph.
The following is the sinusoidal regression model formula.
y = a·sin(b·x + c) + d
n
1
(yi – (a·sin (b·xi + c) + d ))2
• MSe =
Σ
n – 2
i=1
Tip
• Make sure that “Radian” is selected for the [Angle] setting on the Basic Format dialog box (page
14-3-2) before drawing a sinusoidal regression graph. The graph cannot be drawn correctly when
the [Angle] setting is “Degree”.
• Certain types of data may cause calculation to take a long time. This is normal and does not
indicate malfunction.
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7-5-14
Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data
c
y
=
Drawing a Logistic Regression Graph (
)
–b x
·
1 +
a
·e
Logistic regression is best for data whose values continually increase over time, until a
saturation point is reached.
u ClassPad Operation
Start the graphing operation from the Statistics application’s Graph window or List window.
From the Graph window
Tap [Calc] [Logistic Reg] [OK] [OK] ".
From the List window
Tap [SetGraph][Setting...], or G.
On the Set StatGraphs dialog box that appears, configure a StatGraph setup with the
setting shown below, and then tap [Set].
Type: LogisticR
Tap y to draw the graph.
The following is the logistic regression model formula.
c
y
=
–b x
·
1 +
• MSe =
a
·
e
n
2
1
C
yi
–
Σ
1 + a·e-b x
·
i
n – 2
i=1
Tip
• Certain types of data may cause calculation to take a long time. This is normal and does not
indicate malfunction.
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7-5-15
Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical Data
Overlaying a Function Graph on a Statistical Graph
You can overlay an existing statistical graph with any type of function graph.
Example: Input the two sets of data shown below, and plot the data on a scatter plot. Next,
overlay the scatter plot with the graph of y = 2 · ln(x).
list1 = 0.5, 1.2, 2.4, 4.0, 5.2
list2 = –2.1, 0.3, 1.5, 2.0, 2.4
u ClassPad Operation
(1) m I
(2) Input the data shown above.
(3) Tap [SetGraph][Setting...].
(4) On the Set StatGraphs dialog box that appears, configure a StatGraph setup with the
settings shown below, and then tap [Set].
Draw: On
Type: Scatter
XList: list1
YList: list2
(5) Tap y to draw the graph.
(6) Tap the List window to make it active, and then tap !.
(7) Input the following function into line y1: 2 × ln(x).
(8) Tap O and then [Close] to close the Graph Editor window.
(9) Tap [SetGraph] on the menu bar. On the menu that appears, select the [Graph
Function] check box.
(10) Tap y to draw the graph.
Tip
• After drawing a function graph, you can perform trace and other functions.
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7-6-1
Using the Statistical Graph Window Toolbar
7-6 Using the Statistical Graph Window Toolbar
The following describes the operations you can perform using the toolbar on the Statistical
Graph window.
To do this:
Tap this button:
Display the List Editor window
Display the Graph Editor window
Redraw the displayed graph
Display the View Window dialog box
(
!
"
6
s
=
Q
W
E
G
~
5
Toggle the [Stat Window Auto] setting between auto and manual
Start a trace operation
Start a box zoom operation
Enlarge the display image (zoom in)
Reduce the display image (zoom out)
Display the Set StatGraphs dialog box
Display the Main application work area window
Display the Variable Manager
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7-7-1
Performing Statistical Calculations
7-7 Performing Statistical Calculations
You can perform statistical calculations without drawing a graph by tapping [Calc] on the
menu bar.
Viewing Single-variable Statistical Calculation Results
Besides using a graph, you can also use the following procedure to view the single-variable
statistics parameter values.
u To display single-variable calculation results
(1) On the menu bar, tap [Calc] and then [One-Variable].
(2) On the dialog box that appears, specify the [XList] name and select the [Freq] setting
(page 7-3-3, 7-3-4).
(3) Tap [OK].
• This displays the Stat Calculation dialog box with the single-variable statistical calculation
results described below. You can use the scrollbar to scroll the results.
o :
mean
Σx :
sum of data
Σx2 :
xσn :
xσn–1 :
n :
sum of squares
population standard deviation
sample standard deviation
sample size
minX :
Q1 :
minimum
first quartile
Med :
Q3 :
median
third quartile
maxX : maximum
Mode : mode*
ModeN : number of data mode items
ModeF : data mode frequency
* If “Mode = ModeStat” is shown on the Stat Calculation dialog box, it means that
solutions are stored in the “ModeStat” system variable. To view the solutions, tap any list
name cell on the List Editor window, input “ModeStat”, and then tap w. This will display
the “ModeStat” system variable contents in the list.
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7-7-2
Performing Statistical Calculations
Viewing Paired-variable Statistical Calculation Results
Besides using a graph, you can also use the following procedure to view the paired-variable
statistics parameter values.
u To display paired-variable calculation results
(1) On the menu bar, tap [Calc] and then [Two-Variable].
(2) On the dialog box that appears, specify the [XList] name and [YList] name, and select
the [Freq] setting (page 7-3-3, 7-3-4).
(3) Tap [OK].
• This displays the Stat Calculation dialog box with the paired-variable statistical calculation
results described below. You can use the scrollbar to scroll the results.
o :
mean of XList data
Σx :
Σx2 :
xσn :
sum of XList data
sum of squares of XList data
population standard deviation of XList data
xσn–1 : sample standard deviation of XList data
n :
sample size
p :
mean of YList data
Σy :
Σy2 :
yσn :
sum of YList data
sum of squares of YList data
population standard deviation of YList data
yσn–1 : sample standard deviation of YList data
Σxy : sum of products of XList and YList data
minX : minimum of XList data
maxX : maximum of XList data
minY : minimum of YList data
maxY : maximum of YList data
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7-7-3
Performing Statistical Calculations
Viewing Regression Calculation Results
To view regression calculation results, tap [Calc] on the menu bar and then tap the type of
calculation results you want.
To view these calculation results:
Linear regression
Tap this option:
Linear Reg
Med-Med
MedMed Line
Quadratic Reg
Cubic Reg
Quadratic regression
Cubic regression
Quartic regression
Quartic Reg
Logarithmic regression
Logarithmic Reg
Exponential Reg
abExponential Reg
Power Reg
b x
·
Exponential regression (
Exponential regression (
Power regression
y
y
=
=
a
a
·
e
)
·
bx
)
Sinusoidal regression
Logistic regression
Sinusoidal Reg
Logistic Reg
• You can also use the [DispStat] option to display the last calculated statistical results. For
details about regression calculation results, see “7-5 Graphing Paired-Variable Statistical
Data”.
Residual Calculation
Residual calculation calculates the distance (residual) between the regression model and an
actual plotted point (y-coordinates) during regression calculations.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) m I
(2) Input the data you want into a list.
(3) Tap [Calc] and then [Linear Reg].
(4) On the dialog box that appears, tap the [Residual Calc] down arrow button, and then
select “On” from the list that appears.
• Whenever the [Residual Calc] setting is configured as described above, the ClassPad
automatically assigns residual data to a system variable named “residual” when you
perform a regression calculation. You can use the following procedure to view the current
“residual” system variable values.
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7-7-4
Performing Statistical Calculations
u To view “residual” system variable values
(1)
(2)
(1) Tap here.
(2) Tap here, and enter “residual”.
• To input lower-case alpha characters, tap the soft keyboard’s 0 tab.
(3) Tap w.
• Values assigned to the “residual” system variable shows the vertical distances between
actually plotted points and the regression model.
• A positive value indicates a plot that is higher than the regression model, while a negative
value indicates a plot that is lower.
Copying a Regression Formula to the Graph & Table Application
You can use the following procedure to copy the calculated result of a regression formula to
the Graph & Table application. There you can use Graph functions to edit and graph the
formula, and perform other operations.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the List window menu bar, tap [Calc] and then [Linear Reg].
(2) On the dialog box that appears, tap the [Copy Formula] down arrow button, and then
select the Graph & Table line number (y1 through y20) to which you want to copy the
formula.
(3) Tap [OK].
• This copies the calculated regression expression to the line (y1 through y20) you
selected.
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7-8-1
Test, Confidence Interval, and Distribution Calculations
7-8 Test, Confidence Interval, and Distribution
Calculations
Test, confidence interval, and distribution calculations are all performed using the ClassPad’s
Program application. The following is a general overview of the steps that are involved.
1. Use statistical commands to build the necessary expressions and write them into the
program.
2. Write the “DispStat” command into the program.
• The “DispStat” is a command for displaying statistical calculation results. Statistical
calculation results cannot be displayed unless the program includes a “DispStat”
command.
3. Save the program.
4. Run the program.
k Example 1: 1-Sample ZTest
µ condition :
µ
≠
0
: 0
σ : 3
o : 24.5
n : 48
u ClassPad Operation
(1) m p
(2) Tap O.
(3) On the New File dialog box that appears, configure the settings as described below.
Type: Program(Normal)
Folder: Select the name of the folder where you want to save the program you are
creating.
Name: Enter a file name for the program.
Example: ztestone
(4) Tap [OK].
(5) Input commands and values for the statistical expression, and then tap w.
(6) Input the “DispStat” command, and then tap w.
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7-8-2
Test, Confidence Interval, and Distribution Calculations
(7) Tap { to save the program.
(8) Tap ).
(9) On the dialog box that appears, tap the [Name] down arrow button, and then tap the
name of the file you input in step (3).
(10) Tap p.
k Example 2: Two-Way ANOVA
The values in the table below are measurement results that show how the durability of a
metal product is affected by changes in heat treatment time (A) and temperature (B).
Experiments were conducted twice under each condition.
Temperature B1
113, 116
Temperature B2
139, 132
Time A1
Time A2
133, 131
126, 122
Perform analysis of variance on the null hypotheses listed below, using a 5% level of
significance.
H0
H0
H0
: Change in time does not affect durability.
: Change in treatment temperature does not affect durability.
: Changes in time and treatment temperature do not affect durability.
Use the ClassPad Two-Way ANOVA test to test the above hypotheses. Input the following
measurement data into the indicated lists. This data is from the table above.
list1 (FactorList(A)) = {1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2}
list2 (FactorList(B)) = {1,1,2,2,1,1,2,2}
list3 (DependentList) = {113,116,139,132,133,131,126,122}
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7-8-3
Test, Confidence Interval, and Distribution Calculations
u ClassPad Operation
(1) m p
(2) Tap O.
(3) On the New File dialog box that appears, configure the settings as described below.
Type: Program(Normal)
Folder: Select the name of the folder where you want to save the program you are
creating.
Name: Enter a file name for the program.
Example: hyp
(4) Tap [OK].
(5) Input commands and values for the statistical expression, and then tap w.
(6) Input the “DispStat” command, and then tap w.
(7) Tap { to save the program.
(8) Tap ).
(9) On the dialog box that appears, tap the [Name] down arrow button, and then tap the
name of the file you input in step (3).
(10) Tap p.
The above results indicate that altering the time is not significant, altering the temperature is
significant, and interaction between time and temperature is highly significant.
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7-9-1
Tests
7-9 Tests
The following is a list of tests, and a description of what each one tests for.
Test Name
Description
The Z Test provides a variety of different tests based on standard
deviation based tests. They make it possible to test whether or not a
sample accurately represents the population when the standard
deviation of a population (such as the entire population of a
country) is known from previous tests.
Z Test
Tests a hypothesis relative to a population mean when population
standard deviation is known.
1-Sample Z Test
2-Sample Z Test
Compares the population means of two populations when
population standard deviation is known.
1-Prop Z Test
2-Prop Z Test
Tests whether successes achieve a fixed proportion.
Compares the proportion of successes for two populations.
Used instead of the Z Test when the population standard deviation
is unknown.
t Test
Tests a hypothesis relative to a population mean when population
standard deviation is unknown.
1-Sample t Test
Compares the population means of two populations when
population standard deviation is unknown.
2-Sample t Test
Linear Regression
t
Test Calculates the strength of the linear association of paired data.
Tests hypotheses concerning the proportion of samples included in
each of a number of independent groups. Mainly, the 2 Test
χ
2 Test
χ
generates cross-tabulation of two categorical variables (such as
“yes” and “no”), and evaluates the independence of the variables.
Tests hypotheses concerning the ratio of the population variance of
two populations.
2-Sample F Test
ANOVA
Tests the hypothesis that the population means of multiple
populations are equal.
Compares the mean of one or more groups based on one
independent variable or factor.
One-Way ANOVA
Two-Way ANOVA
Compares the mean of one or more groups based on two
independent variables or factors.
The following pages explain how to perform various statistical calculations based on the
above principles. Further details about statistical theory and terminology can be found in any
standard statistics textbook.
Tip
• Always make sure you insert one space between a command and its parameters. In the following
examples, spaces are indicated as shown below.
Command: OneSampleZTest Ⅺ
↑
Indicates a space.
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7-9-2
Tests
Test Command List
k Z Test
1-Sample Z Test
Command: OneSampleZTestⅪ
Description: Tests a hypothesis relative to a population mean when population standard
deviation is known. A 1-Sample Z Test is used for normal distribution.
o – µ0
o : mean of sample data
: assumed population mean
σ : population standard deviation
n : sample size
Z =
σ
µ0
n
Command Syntax
Syntax 1 (list format)
“µ condition”, µ0 value, σ value, List, Freq (or 1)
* “Freq” can be omitted. Doing so sets “1” for “Freq”.
Syntax 2 (parameter format)
“µ condition”, µ0 value, σ value, o value, n value
Definition of Terms
µ condition : population mean value test conditions (“≠” specifies two-tail test,
“<”specifies lower one-tail test, “>” specifies upper one-tail test.)
µ
σ :
List :
Freq :
o :
0
:
assumed population mean
population standard deviation (σ > 0)
data list
frequency (1 or list name)
mean of sample data
n :
sample size (positive integer)
Input Example:
Syntax 1 (list format)
OneSampleZTest “≠”,0,1,list1,1
Syntax 2 (parameter format)
OneSampleZTest “≠”,0,1,11.82,1
Calculation Result Output
µ ≠ 0: test condition
z :
p :
o:
z value
p-value
mean of sample data
xσn–1: sample standard deviation (Displayed only for list format.)
n: sample size
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Tests
2-Sample Z Test
Command: TwoSampleZTestⅪ
Description: Tests a hypothesis relative to the population mean of two populations when the
standard deviations of the two populations are known. A 2-Sample Z Test is
used for normal distributions.
o1 – o2
o
o
σ
σ
n
n
1
2
: mean of sample 1 data
: mean of sample 2 data
: population standard deviation of sample 1
: population standard deviation of sample 2
: size of sample 1
Z =
σ12 σ22
+
1
2
n1 n2
1
2
: size of sample 2
Command Syntax
Syntax 1 (list format)
“µ1 condition”, σ
* “Freq” can be omitted. Doing so sets “1” for “Freq”.
Syntax 2 (parameter format)
“µ1 condition”, σ value, σ
Definition of Terms
1
value, σ value, List(1), List(2), Freq(1) (or 1), Freq(2) (or 1)
2
1
2
value, o1 value, n1 value, o2 value, n2 value
µ1
condition : population mean value test conditions (“≠” specifies two-tail test,
“<” specifies one-tail test where sample 1 is less than sample 2, “>”
specifies one-tail test where sample 1 is greater than sample 2).
σ
σ
1
2
:
:
population standard deviation of sample 1 (σ1 > 0)
population standard deviation of sample 2 (σ2 > 0)
list where sample 1 data is located
list where sample 2 data is located
frequency of sample 1 (1 or list name)
frequency of sample 2 (1 or list name)
mean of sample 1 data
size of sample 1 (positive integer)
mean of sample 2 data
size of sample 2 (positive integer)
List(1) :
List(2) :
Freq(1) :
Freq(2) :
o1
:
:
:
:
n
1
o2
n
2
Input Example:
Syntax 1 (list format)
TwoSampleZTest “≠”,1,1,list1,list2,1,1
Syntax 2 (parameter format)
TwoSampleZTest “≠”,1,1,11.5,10,15,20
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Tests
Calculation Result Output
µ
z:
1
≠ µ2: test condition
z value
p:
p-value
o
o
x
x
n
n
1
:
:
mean of sample 1 data
mean of sample 2 data
standard deviation of sample 1 (Displayed only for list format.)
standard deviation of sample 2 (Displayed only for list format.)
size of sample 1
2
1σn-1
2σn-1
:
:
1
:
:
2
size of sample 2
1-Prop Z Test
Command: OnePropZTestⅪ
Description: This command tests whether successes achieve a fixed proportion.
A 1-Prop Z Test is used for normal distribution.
x
n
p
0
: expected sample proportion
– p0
n : sample size
Z =
p0(1– p0)
n
Command Syntax
“Prop condition”, p0 value, x value, n value
Definition of Terms
Prop condition: sample proportion test condition (“≠” specifies two-tail test, “<”
specifies lower one-tail test, “>” specifies upper one-tail test.)
p
x :
0
:
expected sample proportion (0 < p0 < 1)
sample value (integer, x > 0)
n :
sample size (positive integer)
Input Example:
OnePropZTest “≠”,0.5,2048,4040
Calculation Result Output
Prop≠0.5: test condition
z: z value
p: p-value
pˆ :
n:
estimated sample proportion
sample size
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7-9-5
Tests
2-Prop Z Test
Command: TwoPropZTestⅪ
Description: This command compares the proportion of successes for two populations.
A 2-Prop Z Test is used for normal distribution.
x1 x2
–
x
x
n
n
1
2
: data value of sample 1
: data value of sample 2
: size of sample 1
n1 n2
Z =
1
2
1
1
p(1– p )
+
: size of sample 2
n1 n2
ˆp : estimated sample proportion
Command Syntax
“p1 condition”, x1 value, n1 value, x2 value, n2 value
Definition of Terms
condition : sample proportion test conditions (“≠” specifies two-tail test, “<”
p
1
specifies one-tail test where sample 1 is smaller than sample 2, “>”
specifies one-tail test where sample 1 is greater than sample 2.)
data value (integer, x1 > 0) of sample 1
size of sample 1 (positive integer)
data value (integer, x2 > 0) of sample 2
x
n
1
:
:
:
:
1
x2
n
2
size of sample 2 (positive integer)
Input Example:
TwoPropZTest “>”,15,20,25,30
Calculation Result Output
1>p2 : test condition
p
z :
p :
pˆ1
pˆ2
pˆ :
z value
p-value
:
:
estimated proportion of sample 1
estimated proportion of sample 2
estimated sample proportion
size of sample 1
n
n
1
:
:
2
size of sample 2
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7-9-6
Tests
k t Test
1-Sample t Test
Command: OneSampleTTestⅪ
Description: Tests a hypothesis relative to a population mean when population standard
deviation is unknown. A 1-Sample t Test is used for t distribution.
o
: mean of sample data
: assumed population mean
o – µ0
t =
µ
0
x
σn–1
xσn-1 : sample standard deviation
: sample size
n
n
Command Syntax
Syntax 1 (list format)
“µ condition”, µ0 value, List, Freq (or 1)
* “Freq” can be omitted. Doing so sets “1” for “Freq”.
Syntax 2 (parameter format)
“µ condition”, µ0 value, o value, xσn–1 value, n value
Definition of Terms
µ condition : population mean value test conditions (“≠” specifies two-tail test,
“<” specifies lower one-tail test, “>” specifies upper one-tail test.)
µ
0
:
assumed population mean
data list
frequency (1 or list name)
mean of sample data
List :
Freq :
o :
xσn-1
n :
:
sample standard deviation (xσn-1 > 0)
sample size (positive integer)
Input Example:
Syntax 1 (list format)
OneSampleTTest “≠”,11.3,list1,1
Syntax 2 (parameter format)
OneSampleTTest “≠”,11.3,11.52,0.62,5
Calculation Result Output
µ ≠ 11.3 : test condition
t :
t value
p :
p-value
o :
xσn–1 :
n :
mean of sample data
sample standard deviation
sample size
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7-9-7
Tests
2-Sample t Test
Command: TwoSampleTTestⅪ
Description: This command compares the population means of two populations when
population standard deviation is unknown. A 2-Sample t Test is used for t
distribution.
o1 – o2
o
o
1
2
: mean of sample 1 data
: mean of sample 2 data
t =
2
2
x1σn–1 x2σn–1
+
x
x
1σn-1 : standard deviation of sample 1
2σn-1 : standard deviation of sample 2
n1
n2
n1
: size of sample 1
n2
: size of sample 2
This formula is applicable when the population standard deviations of the two
populations are not equal. The denominator is different when the population
standard deviations are equal.
The t distribution degrees of freedom df and xpσn-1 differ according to whether
the population standard deviations of the two populations are equal.
When the two population standard deviations are equal (pooled)
df = n1 + n2 – 2
2
2
(n1–1)x1σ n–1 +(n2–1)x2σn–1
xpσn–1
=
n1 + n2 – 2
When the two population standard deviations are not equal (not pooled)
1
df =
C2 (1–C )2
+
n1–1 n2–1
2
x1σn–1
n1
C =
2
+
2
x1σn–1 x2σn–1
n1
n2
Command Syntax
Syntax 1 (list format)
“µ1 condition”, List(1), List(2), Freq(1) (or 1), Freq(2) (or 1), Pooled condition (On
or Off)
* “Freq” can be omitted. Doing so sets “1” for “Freq”.
* “Pooled” can be omitted. Doing so sets “Off” for “Pooled”.
Syntax 2 (parameter format)
“µ1 condition”, o1 value, x1σn-1 value, n1 value, o2 value, x2σn-1 value, n2 value,
Pooled condition (On or Off)
* “Pooled” can be omitted. Doing so sets “Off” for “Pooled”.
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Tests
Definition of Terms
µ1
condition : sample mean value test conditions (“≠” specifies two-tail test, “<”
specifies one-tail test where sample 1 is smaller than sample 2, “>”
specifies one-tail test where sample 1 is greater than sample 2.)
List(1) :
List(2) :
Freq(1) :
Freq(2) :
Pooled :
list where sample 1 data is located
list where sample 2 data is located
frequency of sample 1 (1 or list name)
frequency of sample 2 (1 or list name)
On or Off
o1
:
mean of sample 1 data
x
n
1σn-1
:
:
:
:
standard deviation of sample 1 (x1σn-1 > 0)
size of sample 1 (positive integer)
mean of sample 2 data
standard deviation of sample 2 (x2σn-1 > 0)
size of sample 2 (positive integer)
1
o2
x2σn-1
n
2
:
Input Example:
Syntax 1 (list format)
TwoSampleTTest “≠”,list1,list2,1,1,On
Syntax 2 (parameter format)
TwoSampleTTest “≠”,107.5,0.78,10,97.5,0.65,12,Off
Calculation Result Output
µ
t :
1
≠ µ2
:
test condition
t value
p :
p-value
df :
degrees of freedom
o
o
x
x
x
1
:
:
mean of sample 1 data
mean of sample 2 data
standard deviation of sample 1
standard deviation of sample 2
Pooled sample standard deviation (Displayed only when pooling is
turned on.)
2
1σn–1
2σn–1
pσn–1
:
:
:
n
n
1
2
:
:
size of sample 1
size of sample 2
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7-9-9
Tests
Linear Regression t Test
Command: LinRegTTestⅪ
Description: This command treats two groups of data as paired variables (x, y). The method
of least squares is used to determine the most appropriate pair for the a, b
.
coefficients of the regression formula y = a + b x. It also determines the
correlation coefficient and t value, and calculates the strength of the
relationship between x and y.
n
(x – o)(y – p)
Σ
n – 2
i=1
.
b =
a = p – b o
t = r
n (x – o)2
1 – r2
Σ
i=1
a : regression constant term (y-intercept)
b : regression coefficient (slope)
n : sample size (n > 3)
r : correlation coefficient
r2 : coefficient of determination
Command Syntax
“β & ρ condition”, XList, YList, Freq (or 1)
* “Freq” can be omitted. Doing so sets “1” for “Freq”.
Definition of Terms
β & ρ condition : test conditions (“≠” specifies two-tail test, “<” specifies lower
one-tail test, “>” specifies upper one-tail test.)
XList :
YList :
Freq :
x-data list
y-data list
frequency (1 or list name)
Input Example:
LinRegTTest “≠”,list1,list2,1
Calculation Result Output
β ≠ 0 & ρ ≠ 0 : test condition
t :
t value
p :
df :
a :
b :
s :
p-value
degrees of freedom
regression constant term (y-intercept)
regression coefficient (slope)
standard error of estimation
correlation coefficient
coefficient of determination
r :
r2 :
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7-9-10
Tests
2
k χ Test
χ2 Test
Command: ChiTestⅪ
Description: This command tests hypotheses concerning the proportion of samples
included in each of a number of independent groups. The 2 Test command is
χ
used in the case of dichotomous variables, which are variables that have only
two possible values (such as “yes” or “no”).
k
Expected Frequencies
×
xij
xij
Σ Σ
i=1
j=1
Fij =
χ2 =
k
xij
ΣΣ
i=1 j=1
(xij – Fij)2
k
ΣΣ
F
ij
i=1 j=1
Command Syntax
Observed matrix
Definition of Terms
Observed matrix: name of matrix containing observed values (positive integers in
all cells)
Input Example:
ChiTest matrixa
Calculation Result Output
2
2
χ : χ value
p : p-value
df : degrees of freedom
Tip
• The minimum size of the matrix is 2 × 2. An error occurs if the matrix has only one row or one
column.
• The result of the expected frequency calculation is stored in the system variable named
“Expected”.
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7-9-11
Tests
k 2-Sample F Test
2-Sample F Test
Command: TwoSampleFTestⅪ
Description: This command tests hypotheses concerning the ratio of the population
variance of two populations. A 2-Sample F Test uses F distribution.
2
x1σn–1
F =
2
x2σn–1
Command Syntax
Syntax 1 (list format)
“σ1 condition”, List(1), List(2), Freq(1) (or 1), Freq(2) (or 1)
* “Freq” can be omitted. Doing so sets “1” for “Freq”.
Syntax 2 (parameter format)
“σ1 condition”, x1σn–1 value, n1 value, x2σn–1 value, n2 value
Definition of Terms
σ1
condition: population standard deviation test conditions (“≠” specifies two-tail
test, “<” specifies one-tail test where sample 1 is smaller than
sample 2, “>” specifies one-tail test where sample 1 is greater than
sample 2.)
List(1) :
List(2) :
Freq(1) :
Freq(2) :
list where sample 1 data is located
list where sample 2 data is located
frequency of sample 1 (1 or list name)
frequency of sample 2 (1 or list name)
standard deviation of sample 1 (x1σn-1 > 0)
size of sample 1 (positive integer)
standard deviation of sample 2 (x2σn-1 > 0)
size of sample 2 (positive integer)
x
n
1σn-1
:
1
:
x
n
2σn-1
:
2
:
Input Example:
Syntax 1 (list format)
TwoSampleFTest “≠”,list1,list2,1,1
Syntax 2 (parameter format)
TwoSampleFTest “≠”,1.94,10,2.12,15
Calculation Result Output
σ
F :
p :
1
≠ σ2
:
test condition
F value
p-value
o
o
x
x
n
n
1
:
:
mean of sample 1 (Displayed only for list format.)
mean of sample 2 (Displayed only for list format.)
standard deviation of sample 1
standard deviation of sample 2
size of sample 1
2
1σn–1
2σn–1
:
:
1
:
:
2
size of sample 2
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7-9-12
Tests
k ANOVA
One-Way ANOVA
Command: OneWayANOVAⅪ
Description: This command tests the hypothesis that the population means of multiple
populations are equal. It compares the mean of one or more groups based on
one independent variable or factor.
Command Syntax
FactorList(A), DependentList
Definition of Terms
FactorList(A): list where levels of Factor A are located
DependentList: list where sample data is located
Input Example
OneWayANOVA list1,list2
Calculation Result Output
A df :
df value of Factor A
A MS : MS value of Factor A
A SS : SS value of Factor A
A F :
F value of Factor A
A p :
p-value of Factor A
Errdf : df value of error
ErrMS : MS value of error
ErrSS : SS value of error
df :
SS :
MS :
degrees of freedom
sum of squares
mean square
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7-9-13
Tests
Two-Way ANOVA
Command: TwoWayANOVAⅪ
Description: This command tests the hypothesis that the population means of multiple
populations are equal. It examines the effect of each variable independently as
well as their interaction with each other based on a dependent variable.
Command Syntax
FactorList(A), FactorList(B), DependentList
Definition of Terms
FactorList(A) : list where levels of Factor A are located
FactorList(B) : list where levels of Factor B are located
DependentList : list where sample data is located
Input Example
TwoWayANOVA list1,list2,list3
Calculation Result Output
A df :
df value of Factor A
A MS : MS value of Factor A
A SS : SS value of Factor A
A F :
A p :
B df :
F value of Factor A
p-value of Factor A
df value of Factor B
B MS : MS value of Factor B
B SS : SS value of Factor B
B F :
F value of Factor B
B p :
p-value of Factor B
AB df : df value of Factor A × Factor B
AB MS : MS value of Factor A × Factor B
AB SS : SS value of Factor A × Factor B
AB F : F value of Factor A × Factor B
AB p : p-value of Factor A × Factor B
Note that “AB df ”, “AB MS”, “AB SS”, “AB F”, and “AB p” are not
displayed if there are no repeated data pairs.
Errdf : df value of error
ErrMS : MS value of error
ErrSS : SS value of error
df :
SS :
MS :
degrees of freedom
sum of squares
mean square
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7-10-1
Confidence Intervals
7-10 Confidence Intervals
A confidence interval is a range of values that has a specified probability of containing the
parameter being estimated.
A confidence interval that is too broad makes it difficult to get an idea of where the parameter
(actual value) is located. A narrow confidence interval, on the other hand, limits the
parameter range and makes it possible to obtain highly accurate results.
The commonly used confidence levels are 68%, 95% and 99%. Raising the confidence level
broadens the confidence interval. Conversely, lowering the confidence level narrows the
confidence interval, but it also creates the risk that parameters will be missed. With a
confidence interval of 95%, for example, there is a 5% probability that a parameter will not be
within the interval.
The following is a list of confidence intervals and a description of what each obtains.
Confidence Interval Name
Description
Obtains the confidence interval for the population mean when the
population standard deviation is known.
1-Sample Z Interval
Obtains the confidence interval for the difference between population
means when the population standard deviations of two populations are
known.
2-Sample Z Interval
Obtains the confidence interval of the proportion of successes in a
population.
1-Prop Z Interval
2-Prop Z Interval
1-Sample t Interval
Obtains the confidence interval of the difference between the
proportions of successes of two populations.
Obtains the confidence interval for the population mean when the
population standard deviation is unknown.
Obtains the confidence interval for the difference between two
population means when the population standard deviations are
unknown.
2-Sample t Interval
k General Confidence Interval Precautions
If you input a C-Level (confidence level) value in the range of 0 < C-Level < 1, the value you
input is used. To specify a C-Level of 95%, for example, input “0.95”.
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7-10-2
Confidence Intervals
Confidence Interval Command List
k Z Confidence Interval
1-Sample Z Interval
Command: OneSampleZIntⅪ
Description: This command obtains the confidence interval for the population mean when
the population standard deviation is known.
The confidence interval is obtained using the following expressions.
α
2
σ
n
Left = o – Z
α
2
σ
n
Right = o + Z
α is the significance level, and 100 (1 – α)% is the confidence level. When the
confidence level is 95%, for example, you would input 0.95, which produces
α = 1 – 0.95 = 0.05.
Command Syntax
Syntax 1 (list format)
C-Level value, σ value, List, Freq (or 1)
* “Freq” can be omitted. Doing so sets “1” for “Freq”.
Syntax 2 (parameter format)
C-Level value, σ value, o value, n value
Definition of Terms
C-Level : confidence level (0 < C-Level < 1)
σ :
population standard deviation (σ > 0)
list where sample data is located
frequency of sample (1 or list name)
mean of sample data
List :
Freq :
o :
n :
sample size (positive integer)
Input Example:
Syntax 1 (list format)
OneSampleZInt 0.95,1,list1,1
Syntax 2 (parameter format)
OneSampleZInt 0.95,1,64.3,20
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Confidence Intervals
Calculation Result Output
Left :
Right :
o :
interval lower limit (left edge)
interval upper limit (right edge)
mean of sample data
xσn–1 :
n :
sample standard deviation (Displayed only for list format.)
sample size
2-Sample Z Interval
Command: TwoSampleZIntⅪ
Description: This command obtains the confidence interval for the difference between
population means when the population standard deviations of two populations
are known.
The confidence interval is obtained using the following expressions.
The confidence level is 100 (1 – α)%.
σ12 σ22
+
o
o
σ
1
2
: mean of sample 1 data
: mean of sample 2 data
: population standard deviation of
sample 1
: population standard deviation of
sample 2
α
2
Left = (o1 – o2) – Z
Right = (o1 – o2) + Z
n1 n2
1
σ12 σ22
α
2
+
n1 n2
σ
2
n
n
1
2
: size of sample 1
: size of sample 2
Command Syntax
Syntax 1 (list format)
C-Level value, σ
1
value, σ value, List(1), List(2), Freq(1) (or 1), Freq(2) (or 1)
2
* “Freq” can be omitted. Doing so sets “1” for “Freq”.
Syntax 2 (parameter format)
C-Level value, σ value, σ
Definition of Terms
C-Level : confidence level (0 < C-Level < 1)
1
2
value, o1 value, n1 value, o2 value, n2 value
σ
σ
1
:
:
population standard deviation of sample 1 (σ1 > 0)
population standard deviation of sample 2 (σ2 > 0)
2
List(1) : list where sample 1 data is located
List(2) : list where sample 2 data is located
Freq(1) : frequency of sample 1 (1 or list name)
Freq(2) : frequency of sample 2 (1 or list name)
o
n
1
:
:
:
:
mean of sample 1 data
size of sample 1 (positive integer)
mean of sample 2 data
1
o2
n
2
size of sample 2 (positive integer)
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7-10-4
Confidence Intervals
Input Example:
Syntax 1 (list format)
TwoSampleZInt 0.95,1,1.5,list1,list2,1,1
Syntax 2 (parameter format)
TwoSampleZInt 0.95,1,1.5,418,40,402,50
Calculation Result Output
Left : interval lower limit (left edge)
Right : interval upper limit (right edge)
o
o
x
x
n
n
1
:
:
mean of sample 1 data
mean of sample 2 data
2
1σn-1 : standard deviation of sample 1 (Displayed only for list format.)
2σn-1 : standard deviation of sample 2 (Displayed only for list format.)
1
:
:
size of sample 1
size of sample 2
2
1-Prop Z Interval
Command: OnePropZIntⅪ
Description: This command obtains the confidence interval of the proportion of successes
in a population.
The confidence interval is obtained using the following expressions.
The confidence level is 100 (1 – α)%.
n: sample size
x: data
x
n
1 x
x
n
α
2
Left =
– Z
1–
n n
1 x
x
n
x
n
α
2
1–
Right =
+ Z
n n
Command Syntax
C-Level value, x value, n value
Definition of Terms
C-Level: confidence level (0 < C-Level < 1)
x :
n :
data (0 or positive integer)
sample size (positive integer)
Input Example:
OnePropZInt 0.95,600,800
Calculation Result Output
Left : interval lower limit (left edge)
Right : interval upper limit (right edge)
pˆ :
n :
estimated sample proportion
sample size
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7-10-5
Confidence Intervals
2-Prop Z Interval
Command: TwoPropZIntⅪ
Description: This command obtains the confidence interval of the difference between the
proportions of successes of two populations.
The confidence interval is obtained using the following expressions.
The confidence level is 100 (1 – α)%.
x
x1
x
x2
n2
n
1, n2 : sample size
1 1–
2 1–
n1
n1 n2
x1
n1
x2
n2
x1, x2 : data
α
2
+
Left =
–
– Z
n1
n2
x
x1
x
x2
n2
1 1–
2 1–
n1
n1 n2
x1
n1
x
α
2
Right =
–
2 + Z
+
n2
n1
n2
Command Syntax
C-Level value, x1 value, n1 value, x2 value, n2 value
Definition of Terms
C-Level: confidence level (0 < C-Level < 1)
x
n
1
:
:
:
:
data value (integer, x1 > 0) of sample 1
size of sample 1 (positive integer)
data value (integer, x2 > 0) of sample 2
size of sample 2 (positive integer)
1
x2
n
2
Input Example:
TwoPropZInt 0.95,132,200,90,150
Calculation Result Output
Left :
interval lower limit (left edge)
Right : interval upper limit (right edge)
pˆ1
pˆ2
:
:
:
:
estimated proportion of sample 1
estimated proportion of sample 2
size of sample 1
n
n
1
2
size of sample 2
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7-10-6
Confidence Intervals
k t Confidence Interval
1-Sample t Interval
Command: OneSampleTIntⅪ
Description: This command obtains the confidence interval for the population mean when
the population standard deviation is unknown.
The confidence interval is obtained using the following expressions.
The confidence level is 100 (1 – α)%.
x
σn–1
n
α
2
Left = o– tn – 1
x
σn–1
n
α
2
Right = o+ tn – 1
Command Syntax
Syntax 1 (list format)
C-Level value, List, Freq (or 1)
* “Freq” can be omitted. Doing so sets “1” for “Freq”.
Syntax 2 (parameter format)
C-Level value, o value, xσn-1 value, n value
Definition of Terms
C-Level : confidence level (0 < C-Level < 1)
List :
Freq :
o :
list where sample data is located
frequency of sample (1 or list name)
mean of sample data
xσn-1
n :
:
sample standard deviation (xσn-1 > 0)
sample size (positive integer)
Input Example:
Syntax 1 (list format)
OneSampleTInt 0.95,list1,1
Syntax 2 (parameter format)
OneSampleTInt 0.95,66.3,8.4,12
Calculation Result Output
Left :
Right :
o :
xσn–1 :
n :
interval lower limit (left edge)
interval upper limit (right edge)
mean of sample data
sample standard deviation
sample size
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Confidence Intervals
2-Sample t Interval
Command: TwoSampleTIntⅪ
Description: This command obtains the confidence interval for the difference between two
population means when the population standard deviations are unknown.
The confidence interval is obtained using the following expressions.
The confidence level is 100 (1 – α)%.
When the two population standard deviations are equal (pooled)
α
2
1
1
2
+
Left = (o1 – o2)– tn +n
xpσn–1
2 –2
1
n1 n2
α
2
1
1
2
Right = (o1 – o2)+ tn +n
xpσn–1
+
2 –2
1
n1 n2
When the two population standard deviations are not equal (not pooled)
2
2
x1σn–1 x2σn–1
α
2
+
Left = (o1 – o2)– tdf
Right = (o1 – o2)+ tdf
n1
n2
2
2
x1σn–1 x2σn–1
α
2
+
n1
n2
1
df =
(1–C)2
n2–1
C2
n1–1
+
2
x1σn–1
n1
C =
2
2
x1σn–1 x2σn–1
+
n1
n2
Command Syntax
Syntax 1 (list format)
C-Level value, List(1), List(2), Freq(1) (or 1), Freq(2) (or 1), Pooled condition (On
or Off)
* “Freq” can be omitted. Doing so sets “1” for “Freq”.
* “Pooled” can be omitted. Doing so sets “Off” for “Pooled”.
Syntax 2 (parameter format)
C-Level value, o1 value, x1σn-1 value, n1 value, o2 value, x2σn-1 value, n2 value,
Pooled condition (On or Off)
* “Pooled” can be omitted. Doing so sets “Off” for “Pooled”.
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Confidence Intervals
Definition of Terms
C-Level : confidence level (0 < C-Level < 1)
List(1) : list where sample 1 data is located
List(2) : list where sample 2 data is located
Freq(1) : frequency of sample 1 (1 or list name)
Freq(2) : frequency of sample 2 (1 or list name)
Pooled : On or Off
o1
:
mean of sample 1 data
x
n
1σn-1
:
:
:
:
standard deviation of sample 1 (x1σn-1 > 0)
size of sample 1 (positive integer)
mean of sample 2 data
standard deviation of sample 2 (x2σn-1 > 0)
size of sample 2 (positive integer)
1
o2
x2σn-1
n
2
:
Input Example:
Syntax 1 (list format)
TwoSampleTInt 0.95,list1,list2,1,1,Off
Syntax 2 (parameter format)
TwoSampleTInt 0.95,80.4,2.07,30,84.2,1.96,35,On
Calculation Result Output
Left :
Right :
df :
interval lower limit (left edge)
interval upper limit (right edge)
degrees of freedom
o
o
x
x
x
1
:
:
mean of sample 1 data
mean of sample 2 data
standard deviation of sample 1
standard deviation of sample 2
pooled sample standard deviation (Displayed only when pooling is
turned on.)
2
1σn–1
2σn–1
pσn–1
:
:
:
n
n
1
2
:
:
size of sample 1
size of sample 2
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7-11-1
Distribution
7-11 Distribution
Though there are a number of different types of distributions, the one most commonly used
is the “Normal Distribution”, which is an essential type of distribution for statistical
calculations. Other types of distributions include the Poisson distribution and geometric
distribution. The type of distribution used depends on the type of data being handled.
The shape of a distribution makes it possible to determine trends in data somewhat. You can
specify a value and calculate the probability that any data value from the distribution is less
than the specified value. In other words, you can determine what percent from the bottom
that data value occurs within the distribution.
The following is a list of distributions and the description of what each one calculates.
Distribution Name
Description
Calculates the probability density of normal distribution from a
specified x value.
Normal Probability
Density
Specifies two values and calculates the probability of normal
distribution data falling between them.
Normal Distribution
Probability
Specifies a cumulative probability and calculates the value at that
location in a normal distribution.
Inverse Cumulative
Normal Distribution
Calculates t probability density from a specified x value.
Student-t Probability
Density
Specifies two values and calculates the probability of Student-t
distribution data falling between them.
Student-t Distribution
Probability
2
χ
In addition to the above distributions, the ClassPad provides information on the
distribution, F distribution, binomial distribution, Poisson distribution, and geometric
distribution. Commands to achieve this are described in the following section.
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Distribution
Distribution Command List
k Normal Distribution
Normal Probability Density
Command: NormPDⅪ
Description: This command calculates the probability density of normal distribution from a
specified x value. Normal probability density is used for normal distribution.
µ
µ)2
1
(σ > 0)
2
σ 2
f(x) =
e– (x –
2πσ
Command Syntax
x value, σ value, µ value
Definition of Terms
x : data value
σ : standard deviation (σ > 0)
µ : mean
Specifying σ = 1 and µ = 0 produces standard normal distribution.
Input Example:
NormPD 3,1,0
Calculation Result Output
prob : normal probability density
Normal Cumulative Distribution
Command: NormCDⅪ
Description: This command calculates the probability of normal distribution data falling
between a and b.
a : lower boundary (Lower)
b : upper boundary (Upper)
Command Syntax
Lower value, Upper value, σ value, µ value
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Distribution
Definition of Terms
Lower : lower boundary
Upper : upper boundary
σ :
µ :
standard deviation (σ > 0)
mean
Input Example:
NormCD 0.5,0.8,1.23,0.56
Calculation Result Output
prob : normal distribution probability p
z Low : standardized lower limit z value
z Up : standardized upper limit z value
Inverse Cumulative Normal Distribution
Command: InvNormⅪ
Description: This command calculates the cumulative probability in a normal distribution
based on lower and upper limits.
Tail:Left
Tail:Right
Tail:Central
Upper boundary of
integration interval
Lower boundary of
integration interval
Upper and lower boundaries
of integration interval
α = ?
α = ? β = ?
α = ?
Specify a probability and then use the above formulas to obtain the applicable
integration interval.
Command Syntax
“Tail setting”, Area value, σ value, µ value
Definition of Terms
Tail setting: probability value tail specification (L (Left), R (Right), C (Central))
Area :
σ :
µ :
probability value (0 < Area < 1)
standard deviation (σ > 0)
mean
Input Example:
InvNorm “L”,0.35,1.2,0.3
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Distribution
Calculation Result Output
x : inverse cumulative normal distribution
(Upper integration interval boundary when Tail:Left)
(Lower integration interval boundary when Tail:Right)
(Upper and lower integration interval boundaries when Tail:Central)
k t Distribution
Student-t Probability Density
Command: TPDⅪ
Description: This command calculates t probability density from a specified x value.
df+1
–
2
df + 1
2
x2
df
.
1+
Γ
f (x) =
π
df
df
2
Γ
Command Syntax
x value, df value
Definition of Terms
x : data value
df : degrees of freedom (df > 0)
Input Example:
TPD 1.5,6
Calculation Result Output
p : Student-t probability density
Student-t Distribution Probability
Command: TCDⅪ
Description: This command calculates the probability of the Student-t distribution data
falling between a and b.
df + 1
2
df+1
2
dx
a : lower boundary (Lower)
b : upper boundary (Upper)
b
–
Γ
x2
df
p =
1+
df
2
a
.
df
π
Γ
Command Syntax
Lower value, Upper value, df value
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Distribution
Definition of Terms
Lower : lower boundary
Upper : upper boundary
df :
degrees of freedom (df > 0)
Input Example:
TCD 1.7,1000,6
Calculation Result Output
p :
Student-t distribution probability
t Low : lower boundary value you input
t Up : upper boundary value you input
2 Distribution
χ
k
χ2
Probability Density
Command: ChiPDⅪ
Description: This command calculates the probability density of 2 distribution from a
specified x value.
χ
df
2
df
x
2
x 2 –1e–
1
df
2
1
2
f(x) =
Γ
Command Syntax
x value, df value
Definition of Terms
x : data value
df : degrees of freedom (positive integer)
Input Example:
ChiPD 0.76,3
Calculation Result Output
p : 2 probability density
χ
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7-11-6
Distribution
2 Distribution Probability
Command: ChiCDⅪ
χ
Description: This command calculates the probability of 2 distribution data falling between
a and b.
χ
df
2
b
df
x
2
a : lower boundary (Lower)
b : upper boundary (Upper)
x 2 –1e– dx
1
df
2
1
2
p =
a
Γ
Command Syntax
Lower value, Upper value, df value
Definition of Terms
Lower : lower boundary
Upper : upper boundary
df :
degrees of freedom (positive integer)
Input Example:
ChiCD 0.76,3,4
Calculation Result Output
2 distribution probability
χ
p :
k F Distribution
F Probability Density
Command: FPDⅪ
Description: This command calculates the probability density of F distribution from a
specified x value.
n + d
2
n
n + d
2
n
Γ
–
–1
.
d
n
d
n x
f (x) =
2 x 2
1 +
n
2
d
2
Γ
Γ
Command Syntax
x value, n:df value, d:df value
Definition of Terms
x : data value
n:df : degrees of freedom of numerator (positive integer)
d:df : degrees of freedom of denominator (positive integer)
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7-11-7
Distribution
Input Example:
FPD 1.7,2,3
Calculation Result Output
p : F probability density
F Distribution Probability
Command: FCDⅪ
Description: This command calculates the probability of F distribution data falling between
a and b.
n + d
n
2
n + d
2
b
Γ
–
a : lower boundary (Lower)
b : upper boundary (Upper)
n
–1
2
.
d
n
d
n x
x 2
p =
1 +
dx
n
d
2
a
Γ
Γ
2
Command Syntax
Lower value, Upper value, n:df value, d:df value
Definition of Terms
Lower : lower boundary
Upper : upper boundary
n:df :
d:df :
degrees of freedom of numerator (positive integer)
degrees of freedom of denominator (positive integer)
Input Example:
FCD 0.76,3,2,3
Calculation Result Output
p :
F distribution probability
k Binomial Distribution
Binomial Probability
Command: BinomialPDⅪ
Description: This command calculates the probability that a random variable that follows a
binomial distribution will be a given x value. For example, it determines the
probability of x successes when the probability of success p-trial is performed
n times.
px(1–p)n – x
(x = 0, 1, ·······, n)
p : probability of success
(0 < p < 1)
f (x) =
n
C
x
n : number of trials
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7-11-8
Distribution
Command Syntax
x value, Numtrial value, p-value
Definition of Terms
x :
specified data (integer from 0 to n)
Numtrial : number of trials (n)
p :
probability of success (0 < p < 1)
Input Example:
BinomialPD 30,40,0.38
Calculation Result Output
p :
binomial probability
Binomial Cumulative Probability
Command: BinomialCDⅪ
Description: This command calculates the probability that a random variable that follows a
binomial distribution will be a given x value or less. For example, it determines
the probability of x or fewer successes when the probability of success p-trial is
performed n times.
Command Syntax
x value, Numtrial value, p-value
Definition of Terms
x :
specified data (integer from 0 to n)
Numtrial : number of trials (n)
p :
probability of success (0 < p < 1)
Input Example:
BinomialCD 30,40,0.38
Calculation Result Output
p : binomial cumulative probability
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7-11-9
Distribution
k Poisson Distribution
Poisson Probability
Command: PoissonPDⅪ
Description: This command calculates the probability that a random variable that follows a
Poisson distribution will be a given x value.
e–µµ
x!
x
(x = 0, 1, 2, ···)
µ: mean (µ > 0)
f(x)=
Command Syntax
x value, µ value
Definition of Terms
x :
µ :
specified data(x > 0)
mean (µ > 0)
Input Example:
PoissonPD 31,0.36
Calculation Result Output
p :
Poisson probability
Poisson Cumulative Probability
Command: PoissonCDⅪ
Description: This command calculates the probability that a random variable that follows a
Poisson distribution will be a given x value or less.
Command Syntax
x value, µ value
Definition of Terms
x :
µ :
specified data(x > 0)
mean (µ > 0)
Input Example:
PoissonCD 31,0.36
Calculation Result Output
p : Poisson cumulative probability
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7-11-10
Distribution
k Geometric Distribution
Geometric Probability
Command: GeoPDⅪ
Description: This command calculates the probability that a random variable that follows a
geometric distribution will be a given x value.
f (x)= p(1– p)x – 1
(x = 1, 2, 3, ···)
Command Syntax
x value, p-value
Definition of Terms
x :
p :
specified data (integer (x > 1))
probability of success (0 < p < 1)
Input Example:
GeoPD 15,0.75
Calculation Result Output
p :
geometric probability
Geometric Cumulative Probability
Command: GeoCDⅪ
Description: This command calculates the probability that a random variable that follows a
geometric distribution will be a given x value or less.
Command Syntax
x value, p-value
Definition of Terms
x :
p :
specified data (integer (x > 1))
probability of success (0 < p < 1)
Input Example:
GeoCD 15,0.75
Calculation Result Output
p : geometric cumulative probability
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7-12-1
Statistical System Variables
7-12 Statistical System Variables
Performing a statistical calculation, graphing operation, or other operation causes calculation
results to be assigned to pre-arranged system variables. For more information, see the
“System Variable Table” on page α-7-1.
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Chapter
8
Using the Geometry
Application
The Geometry application allows you to draw and analyze geometric
figures. You can draw a triangle and specify values to change the size
of its sides so they are 3:4:5, and then check the measurement of
each of its angles. Or you can draw a circle and then draw a line that is
tangent to a particular point on the circle. The Geometry application
also includes an animation feature that lets you watch how a figure
changes in accordance with conditions you define.
8-1 Geometry Application Overview
8-2 Drawing Figures
8-3 Editing Figures
8-4 Controlling Geometry Window Appearance
8-5 Working with Animations
8-6 Using the Geometry Application with Other Applications
8-7 Managing Geometry Application Files
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8-1-1
Geometry Application Overview
8-1 Geometry Application Overview
The Geometry application provides you with the following capabilities.
• The [Draw] menu provides commands for drawing points, lines, polygons, regular polygons,
circles, ellipses, and other geometric figures. You can also draw functions. Once drawn, a
figure can be moved or edited as required. See “Using the Draw Menu” on page 8-2-1 for
more information about this menu.
• The [Draw] menu also includes a [Construct] submenu (page 8-2-12) and a [Special
Shape] submenu (page 8-2-9). You can use items in the [Construct] submenu to add a
midpoint, draw a perpendicular bisector from a given point, create other geometric
constructions and even test geometric theorems. The [Special Shape] submenu allows you
to draw special figures, such as parallelograms, rectangles, kites and many others.
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8-1-2
Geometry Application Overview
• Tapping the toolbar’s right arrow button displays a measurement box. The measurement
box displays information for the items that are selected on the window. For example, you
can view the coordinates of a point, the length and slope of a line segment, the size of an
angle, etc. You can also use the measurement box to change measurements, and to fix
measurements so they cannot be changed by other operations.
• The Animation feature makes it possible to see how a figure changes when a moving point
and its related figures are subjected to certain conditions. A point can move along a line or
curve, and can be anywhere along a line segment, the vertex of a triangle, or the center
point of a circle.
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8-1-3
Geometry Application Overview
Starting Up the Geometry Application
Use the following procedure to start up the Geometry application.
u ClassPad Operation
On the application menu, tap G.
This causes a blank Geometry application window to appear.
Use this area to draw the figures
you want.
Tip
• If you left figures on the Geometry window the last time you exited the Geometry application,
those figures will appear the next time you start it up.
Geometry Application Menus and Buttons
This section describes the configuration of the Geometry application windows and provides
basic information about its menus and commands.
Tip
• O menu items are the same for all applications. For more information, see “Using the O
Menu” on page 1-5-4.
• The View Window (O - [Settings] - [View Window]) contains settings that are unique to the
Geometry application. For details, see “Configuring View Window Settings” on page 8-4-1.
k File Menu
To do this
Select this File menu item:
Discard the current window contents and create a new file
Open an existing file
New
Open
Save
Save the current window contents to a file
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8-1-4
Geometry Application Overview
k Edit Menu
To do this:
Undo or redo the last operation
Select this Edit menu item:
Undo/Redo
Clear all settings fixed with the measurement box
Show hidden objects
Clear Constraints
Show All
Toggle polygon shading on and off
Hide the currently selected object
Show hidden names
Shade On/Off
Properties - Hide
Properties - Show Name
Properties - Hide Name
Properties - Thicker
Properties - Thinner
Animate
Hide the selected name
Make the lines of the selected figure thicker
Make the lines of the selected figure thinner
Display the Animate submenu (page 8-5-1)
Cut the currently selected object and place it onto the
clipboard
Cut
Copy the currently selected object and place it onto the
clipboard
Copy
Paste the current clipboard contents onto the screen
Select all objects on the screen
Delete the currently selected object
Clear the screen
Paste
Select All
Delete
Clear All
k View Menu
Tap this
button:
Or select this
View menu item:
To do this:
Start a box zoom operation
Zoom Box
Q
Activate the pan function for dragging the Graph
window with the stylus
T
Pan
Enlarge the display image
Zoom In
W
E
Reduce the size of the display image
Zoom Out
Adjust the size of the display image so it fills the
display
Zoom to Fit
Toggle Axes
R
Turn display of axes and coordinate values on and
off
q
Toggle snapping to the nearest integer coordinate
point on and off
Integer Grid
Animation UI
—
—
Turn the Animation toolbar on and off
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8-1-5
Geometry Application Overview
k Draw Menu
To do this:
Select this Draw menu item:
Draw a figure (page 8-2-1)
Point
Line Segment
Infinite Line
Vector
Circle
Arc
Ellipse
Function
Polygon
Display a submenu for drawing a figure of specially
shaped figures (page 8-2-9)
Special Shape
Construct
Display a submenu for geometric constructions
(page 8-2-12)
k Other Buttons
The two operations described below are available from the toolbar only. There is no corre-
sponding menu command for these buttons.
To do this
Do this:
Activate Select (page 8-3-1)
Tap G and then tap the figure.
Move a selected figure
Tap G and then drag the figure.
Tap i and then tap the figure.
Activate Toggle Select (page 8-3-2)
Tapping a button highlights it, indicating that the button’s function is turned on.
k About the Measurement Box
Tapping the u button to the right of the toolbar takes you to the measurement box. Tap t to
return to the normal toolbar.
Normal toolbar
Measurement box
For more information about the measurement box, see “Using the Measurement Box” on
page 8-3-4.
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8-2-1
Drawing Figures
8-2 Drawing Figures
This section explains how to use the Geometry application to draw various types of figures. It
also explains how to use the geometric construction tools to investigate theorems and
properties in Geometry.
Using the Draw Menu
The [Draw] menu makes it easy to draw a variety of different figures. Each [Draw] menu
command is also available on the toolbar.
[Draw] menu commands
These [Draw] menu commands
correspond to the toolbar shown
below.
Toolbar
Point
Infinite Line
Circle
Line Segment
Vector
Arc
Ellipse
Function
Polygon
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8-2-2
Drawing Figures
Tip
• Use [Edit] - [Clear All] to clear the screen after experimenting with a draw operation.
u To draw a line segment using the menu command
(1) Tap [Draw] and then [Line Segment].
• This highlights the line segment button on the toolbar.
(2) Tap the screen where you want the line segment to
begin, and a point will be drawn, and then tap the
point where you want it to end.
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Drawing Figures
u To draw a line segment using the toolbar
(1) Tap the second down arrow on the toolbar. This opens the [Draw] menu’s icon palette.
(2) Tap the line segment button on the toolbar to highlight it.
(3) Tap the screen where you want the line segment to begin. This plots a point.
(4) Tap the beginning point again and, without lifting the stylus, drag to draw the line.
Or you could just tap the ending point.
(5) When the line segment is the way you want, remove the stylus from the screen.
u To plot a point
(1) Tap [Draw] and then [Point].
This highlights the point button on the toolbar.
(2) Tap the location on the screen where you want to plot a point.
• This plots the point.
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Drawing Figures
u To add a labeled point to an existing line
You can use the following procedure to add a labeled point to an existing line, to a side of an
n-gon, to the periphery of a circle or ellipse, etc.
(1) Tap [Draw] and then [Point].
• This highlights the point button on the toolbar.
(2) Drag the stylus on the screen towards the line where you want to add the labeled point.
• This selects the line, which is indicated by “k”.
(3) Drag the stylus to the location on the line where you want to add a labeled point, and
then lift the stylus from the screen.
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Drawing Figures
u To draw an infinite line
(1) Tap [Draw] and then [Infinite Line]
• This highlights the infinite line button on the toolbar.
(2) Tap two points on the screen through which you want the infinite line to pass.
• You could also tap one point and then drag to the
second point.
u To draw a vector
(1) Tap [Draw] and then [Vector].
• This highlights the vector button on the toolbar.
(2) Tap the point where you want the vector to start, and then its end point.
• You could also tap one point, and then drag to the
vector end point.
u To draw a circle
(1) Tap [Draw] and then [Circle].
• This highlights the circle button on the toolbar.
(2) Tap the point where you want the center of the circle to be, and then tap a second point
anywhere on the circle’s circumference.
• You could also tap the center point, and then
drag to the second point.
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Drawing Figures
u To draw an arc
(1) Tap [Draw] and then [Arc].
• This highlights the arc button on the toolbar.
(2) Tap the point where you want the center of the arc to be, and then tap a second point
to designate where you want the arc to start.
(3) Tap a third point, which is where you want the arc to
end.
u To draw a function
Example: To draw y(x) = x2 – 1
(1) Tap [Draw] and then [Function].
• This causes the Function dialog box and a soft keyboard to appear.
(2) Input the function.
(3) Tap [OK] to draw it.
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8-2-7
Drawing Figures
u To draw an ellipse
Note
When you draw an ellipse, you need to specify the following three elements: center point,
Point 1 and Point 2. Point 1 is used to define the minor axis (nearest point on the edge from
the center point), and Point 2 is used to define the major axis (farthest point on the edge from
the center point).
Center Point····· A
Point 1···············
Point 2···············
B
C
When AC is shorter than AB, Point 1 becomes the major axis and Point 2 becomes the minor
axis.
(1) Tap [Draw] and then [Ellipse].
• This highlights the ellipse button on the toolbar.
(2) Tap the point you want to specify as the center point.
(3) Tap the point you want to specify as Point 1 (minor axis).
• This causes a line to appear between the center point and Point 1.
• Instead of tapping, you could drag the stylus from the center point to Point 1, viewing
the line that is drawn as you do.
(4) Tap or drag to the point you want to specify as Point 2 (major axis).
• This causes the ellipse to appear.
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Drawing Figures
u To draw a polygon
(1) Tap [Draw] and then [Polygon].
• This highlights the polygon button on the toolbar.
(2) Tap the point from which you want the polygon to start.
(3) Sequentially tap each of the vertices of the polygon.
(4) Finally, tap the start point again to complete the polygon.
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8-2-9
Drawing Figures
Using the Special Shape Submenu
The [Special Shape] submenu allows you to draw specially shaped figures automatically.
Simply select the type of figure you want from the menu, and then touch the screen with the
stylus to draw it. Or, touch the screen with your stylus and drag to create a box indicating the
size of the figure you would like to draw.
Each of the [Special Shape] submenu figures is also available on the toolbar.
[Draw] – [Special Shape]
[Special Shape] submenu
Toolbar
Isosceles Triangle
Triangle
Trapezoid
Parallelogram
Equilateral Triangle
Kite
Rhombus
Rectangle
Regular n-gon
Square
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Drawing Figures
u To draw a triangle
(1) Tap [Draw], [Special Shape], and then [Triangle].
• This highlights the triangle button on the toolbar.
(2) Perform either of the following two operations to draw the triangle.
• Tap the screen with the stylus. This automatically draws the acute triangle you
selected.
• Place the stylus on the screen and drag diagonally in any direction. This causes a
selection boundary to appear, indicating the size of the triangle that will be drawn.
The triangle is drawn when you release the stylus.
Dragging with the stylus
Tapping the screen with the stylus
u To draw a regular polygon
(1) Tap [Draw], [Special Shape], and then [Regular n-gon].
• This highlights the regular n-gon button on the toolbar, and displays the n-gon dialog
box.
(2) Enter a value indicating the number of sides of the
polygon, and then tap [OK].
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8-2-11
Drawing Figures
(3) Perform either of the following two operations to draw the regular polygon.
• Tap the screen with the stylus. This automatically draws the polygon you selected.
• Place the stylus on the screen and drag diagonally in any direction. This causes a
selection boundary to appear, indicating the size of the polygon that will be drawn.
The polygon is drawn when you release the stylus.
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8-2-12
Drawing Figures
Using the Construct Submenu
The [Construct] submenu provides you with the means to study various geometric theorems.
In addition to tools for constructing a perpendicular bisector, perpendicular line, angle
bisector, midpoint, intersection, parallel lines and a tangent to a curve, you can also
translate, rotate, reflect, dilate, or transform a figure.
Each of the [Construct] submenu figures is also available on the toolbar.
[Draw] – [Construct]
[Construct] submenu
Toolbar
Perpendicular
Intersection
Parallel
Reflection
Rotation
General Transform
Perpendicular Bisector
Midpoint
Angle Bisector
Tangent to Curve
Translation
Dilation
Tip
• The following procedures include steps that require selection of a line segment or other figures.
For details about selecting figures, see “8-3 Editing Figures”.
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Drawing Figures
u To construct a perpendicular bisector
(1) Draw a line segment.
(2) Tap G, and then select the line segment.
(3) Tap [Draw], [Construct], and then [Perp. Bisector].
• This draws a perpendicular bisector through your line segment.
u To construct an angle bisector
(1) Draw two line segments so they form an angle.
(2) Tap G, and then select both line segments.
(3) Tap [Draw], [Construct], and then [Angle Bisector].
• This bisects the angle.
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Drawing Figures
u To construct a midpoint
(1) Draw a line segment.
(2) Tap G, and then select the line segment.
(3) Tap [Draw], [Construct], and then [Midpoint].
• This adds a midpoint to the segment.
u To construct the point of intersection of two lines
(1) Draw two lines that intersect.
(2) Tap G, and then select both lines.
(3) Tap [Draw], [Construct], and then [Intersection].
• This adds the point of intersection.
(4) Try selecting the point of intersection and dragging it.
Tip
• The point(s) of intersection of two circles or of a line and a circle can be constructed in the same
manner.
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8-2-15
Drawing Figures
u To construct a perpendicular line that passes through a specified point on
a line
(1) Draw a line segment or an infinite line.
(2) Draw a point on the line through which you want the perpendicular line to pass.
(3) Tap G, and then select the point and the line.
(4) Tap [Draw], [Construct], and then [Perpendicular].
• This draws a line that through the point you selected, which is perpendicular to the
line where is the point is located.
• Try selecting the point of intersection and dragging it.
u To construct a line parallel to another line through a specified point
(1) Draw a line and a point that is not on the line.
(2) Tap G, and then select the line and the point.
(3) Tap [Draw], [Construct], and then [Parallel].
• The parallel line button is displayed on the toolbar, and a line passing through the
selected point is drawn parallel to the selected line.
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8-2-16
Drawing Figures
u To construct a tangent to a curve through a specified point
(1) Draw a curve, such as an ellipse.
(2) Tap [Draw], [Construct], and then [Tangent to Curve].
• This highlights the tangent to a curve button on the toolbar.
(3) Tap the point of tangency on the curve.
• This draws the tangent.
u To translate a line segment by inputting a vector
(1) Draw a line segment (AB), and then select it.
(2) Tap [Draw], [Construct], and then [Translation].
• This displays the Translation dialog box.
(3) Enter the vector for the translation.
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Drawing Figures
(4) Tap [OK].
• This translates line segment AB in accordance with
the vector value you input, and draws line segment
A’B’.
u To translate a line segment by selecting a vector
(1) Draw a line segment (AB), and a vector to use in the translation. Next, select the line
segment.
(2) Tap [Draw], [Construct], and then [Translation].
• This displays the Translation dialog box.
(3) Tap [Select Vector].
(4) Tap the vector on the screen.
• This translates line segment AB in accordance with the vector you selected, and
draws line segment A’B’.
u To rotate a line segment
(1) Draw a line segment, and then select it.
(2) Tap [Draw], [Construct], and then [Rotation].
• This highlights the rotate button on the toolbar.
(3) Tap the screen once to select the center of rotation.
• This displays the Rotation dialog box.
(4) Specify the angle of rotation in degrees.
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8-2-18
Drawing Figures
(5) Tap [OK] to rotate the line segment.
u To reflect a line segment with respect to a specified line of symmetry
(1) Draw a line segment.
(2) Draw a line to use as the line of symmetry.
(3) Tap G, and then select the line segment.
(4) Tap [Draw], [Construct], and then [Reflection].
• This highlights the reflection button on the toolbar.
(5) Tap the line of symmetry.
• This reflects the line segment you drew in step (1) about the line of symmetry.
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Drawing Figures
u To dilate a line segment toward a specified center point
(1) Draw a line segment, and then select it.
(2) Tap [Draw], [Construct], and then [Dilation].
• This highlights the dilation button on the toolbar.
(3) Tap the center of dilation.
• This displays the Dilation dialog box.
(4) Specify the dilation scale factor.
(5) Tap [OK].
Transformation Using a Matrix or Vector (General Transform)
General Transform lets you input a matrix and/or vector to transform a figure. The result of
the transformation is drawn as a separate figure. For example, if you transform line segment
AB, the line segment A’B’ will be drawn.
You can perform the following types of transformations with General Transform.
• Matrix Transformation: x-axis/y-axis symmetry, rotation, enlargement, reduction, etc.
• Vector Transformation: Vertical and horizontal parallel displacement
k General Transform Example
In this example draw triangle ABC and then draw triangle A’B’C’, which is symmetrical to
ABC about the x-axis. Next, we will draw triangle A’’B’’C’’ by performing a parallel
displacement on triangle A’B’C’ of 1 unit along the x- and y-axis.
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Drawing Figures
Tip
• All of the steps in the procedure below are performed using the Geometry application only. You
can also use the Main application or eActivity application to perform matrix calculations and
obtain the same transformation. You can drag a figure from Geometry to Main, which transforms
values (matrix) and performs calculation, and drag the values (matrix) obtained as a result from
Main to Geometry to draw the transformed figure. After performing the following procedure, see
“Transform Example Using the Main Application” (page 8-2-22).
If you need to, tap [Edit] and then [Clear All] before beginning this example.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Tap q to turn on coordinate display in the Geometry window.
• You can skip this step if you want, but turning on coordinate display helps you see
how coordinates are changed by the transform operations.
(2) Draw triangle ABC, and then select its three sides.
(3) Tap [Draw], [Construct], and then [General Transform].
• This displays the Transform dialog box.
(4) Since we want a triangle that is symmetrical about the x-axis to the original triangle,
input [[1, 0], [0, –1]].
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Drawing Figures
(5) Tap [OK].
• This draws triangle A’B’C’, which is symmetrical to triangle ABC about the x-axis.
(6) Tap anywhere outside of the triangles to deselect the currently selected triangle. Next,
select triangle A’B’C’.
(7) Tap [Draw], [Construct], and then [General Transform].
(8) Now, to perform parallel displacement on triangle A’B’C’ by 1 unit along the x- and
y-axis, input [1, 1].
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Drawing Figures
(9) Tap [OK].
• This performs the parallel displacement and draws triangle A’’B’’C’’.
Note
• In the above example, we performed the transformation and the parallel displacement
operations separately. You could also perform both operations at the same time, if you want.
To do so, input both the matrix [[1, 0], [0, –1]] and the vector [1, 1] in step (4), and then tap
[OK]. This will produce the result shown in step (9).
k Transform Example Using the Main Application
It might be easier to understand how General Transform works if you use the Main
application (or eActivity application) in combination with the Geometry application. This
makes it possible to perform the following types of operations.
(a) In the Geometry application, you can select a point on the figure obtained using
General Transform and the corresponding point on the original figure (for example,
point A on the original figure and point A’ on the transformed figure), drag them to the
Main application, and display the transformation expression in the Main application.
(b) You can select a triangle in the Geometry application and drag it to the Main application
to convert the triangle to a matrix (2-row × 3-column matrix that shows three vertices).
Conversely, you can drag a 2-row × 3-column matrix input (or produced by a
calculation) in the Main application to the Geometry application and draw the applicable
triangle.
Here we will show actual examples of (a) and (b).
Tip
• All of the above operations can also be performed using the eActivity application instead of the
Main application.
• For information about how to access the Geometry application from the Main application and
about the different operations you can perform between them, see “2-9 Using the Main
Application in Combination with Other Applications”.
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Drawing Figures
k (a) Operation Example
The following procedure assumes that the results produced by the procedure under “General
Transform Example” on page 8-2-19 are still on the Geometry application window.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the application menu, tap J to start up the Main application.
(2) Tap the down arrow button on the Main application toolbar. On the button list that
appears, tap 3.
• This opens the Geometry application and displays triangles ABC, A’B’C’, and A’’B’’C’’
on the Geometry window.
(3) Select points A and A’.
(4) While both points are selected, drag point A (or point A’) to the cursor position in the
Main application work area.
• This displays the expression that transformed the coordinates of point A to the
coordinates of point A’.
Observe this area of the
expression. This corresponds to
the matrix values you input when
executing General Transform.
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Drawing Figures
(5) After clearing the Main application work area, try repeating steps (3) and (4) for points
A’ and A’’.
• This displays the expression that transformed the coordinates of point A’ to the
coordinates of point A’’.
Observe this area of the
expression. This corresponds to
the vector values you input when
executing GeneralTransform.
Important!
• This operation is valid only when a point in the original figure and the corresponding point in
the transformed figure are selected in the Geometry application. Nothing is displayed when
you select points A and A’’ in the above procedure and drag them to the Main application
work area.
k (b) Operation Example
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the application menu, tap J to start up the Main application.
(2) Tap the down arrow button on the Main application toolbar. On the button list that
appears, tap 3.
• This opens the Geometry application.
(3) On the Geometry window, tap [Edit] and then [Clear All].
• This clears the Geometry window.
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Drawing Figures
(4) Draw a triangle on the Geometry window.
• After drawing a triangle, you can use the measurement box (page 8-3-4) to adjust the
coordinates of points A, B, and C. That will make the following steps easier.
(5) Select the triangle and drag it to the cursor location in the Main application work area.
• This inputs a matrix that shows the coordinates of the triangle’s three vertices into the
work area.
(6) Here, try multiplying by the matrix [[–1, 0], [0, 1]] to transform the matrix obtained above
to a form that is symmetrical about the y-axis. Execute the calculation as shown in the
screenshot below.
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Drawing Figures
(7) Select the matrix obtained as the calculation result, and drag it to the Geometry
window.
• This draws a triangle that is symmetrical to the original triangle about the y-axis.
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8-3-1
Editing Figures
8-3 Editing Figures
This section provides details about moving, copying, and deleting Geometry application
figures.
Selecting and Deselecting Figures
Before you can execute certain editing commands, you must first select the figure you want
to edit. There are two figure selection modes: Select and Toggle Select, each of which is
described below.
k Using Select
Tap Gon the toolbar. This causes the button to become highlighted, indicating that Select
is enabled. Select allows you to select as many figures as you would like, and then move,
copy, paste, or perform other operations on the selection as a single entity.
• To select side BC of the triangle, tap it.
• Tapping point D selects it, leaving side BC of the triangle selected, too.
• To deselect all of the figures, tap anywhere on the screen where there are no figures.
Tip
• When Select is enabled, you can drag the currently selected figures to move them around the
display. For more information, see “Moving and Copying Figures” on page 8-3-3.
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8-3-2
Editing Figures
k Using Toggle Select
Tap
on the toolbar. This causes the button to become highlighted, indicating that Toggle
Select is enabled. Toggle Select allows you to select and deselect figures. For example, if
you have multiple figures selected, Toggle Select will allow you to deselect a single part of
the selection. Tapping the part again will turn the selection back on.
Tip
• You cannot move figures around the window while Toggle Select is enabled. Also, the currently
selected figure does not become deselected if you tap an area of the window where there is no
figure. To move what you currently have selected, simply change to the regular Select mode.
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8-3-3
Editing Figures
Moving and Copying Figures
It is easy to move figures or copy and paste figures in Geometry.
u To move a figure
(1) Draw a figure.
(2) Tap G, and then select the figure.
(3) Drag the figure to move it to the location you want.
(4) Remove the stylus from the screen.
Tip
• Note that a selection boundary appears around the figure when you drag it.
u To copy a figure
(1) Draw a figure, and then select it.
(2) Tap [Edit], and then [Copy].
(3) Tap anywhere on the screen to deselect the figure.
(4) Tap [Edit], and then [Paste].
(5) Drag the pasted figure to the location you want.
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8-3-4
Editing Figures
Using the Measurement Box
Tapping the u button to the right of the toolbar displays the measurement box. Tap t to
return to the normal toolbar.
Normal toolbar
Measurement box
You can use the measurement box to perform the following operations.
View the measurements of a figure
Displaying the measurement box and selecting a figure displays combinations of the
following measurements, depending on the type of object you select: coordinates, distance,
slope, direction, equation, radius, circumference, area, perimeter, angle, tangency,
congruence incidence, or point on curve.
Specify a measurement of a figure
After you display the measurement box, you can select part of a figure and then change
numeric values for the applicable measurement. You can specify the coordinates of a point,
the length of a line segment (distance between endpoints), the angle formed by two lines,
etc.
Fix a measurement of a figure
After you display the measurement box, you can select part of a figure and then fix the
applicable measurement. You can fix the coordinates of a point, the length of a line segment,
the angle formed by two lines, etc.
k Viewing the Measurements of a Figure
The type of information that appears in the measurement box depends on the figure that is
currently selected on the display. If a line segment is selected, for example, the measurement
box shows the distance, slope, angle from the x-axis, and the equation for that line. You
can specify the type of information you want to view by tapping the down arrow button to the
left of the measurement box, and then tapping the appropriate icon on the icon palette that
appears.
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8-3-5
Editing Figures
The following table describes the information that appears when you tap each icon, and
explains when each icon is available for selection.
This icon appears when this Tapping this icon
Icon Icon Name
Lockable
is selected:
displays:
Coordinates
T
t
A single point
Coordinates of the point
Yes
Yes
Distance/
length
Two points on one figure or two Distance between two
different figures, or a single line points, length of a line
segment or a vector
segment or vector
Slope
Single line, line segment, or
vector
Slope of the line, line
segment or vector
Yes
Yes
Direction
Equation
Single line, line segment, or
vector
Direction angle of the
line (angle of inclination)
Y
O
Any single line or line segment, Function of the figure
vector, circle, arc, ellipse or any (using rectangular
other figure (parabola, etc.)
drawn by a function
Yes
coordinates)
Equation
edit
Single parabola or any other
figure drawn by a function
Equation of the figure in
the function editing
dialog box.
5
No
]
Single circle or arc
Single circle or arc
Yes
Yes
Radius
Radius of circle or arc
Circumference
Length of the
circumference
3
Perimeter
Area
Single polygon
Sum of the lengths of
the sides
No
No
Any three points, a single
circle, arc, ellipse, or polygon
Area
E
Angle
Two line segments
Angle and its
supplement formed by
the line segments
Q
t
Yes
Tangency
Congruence
Incidence
Two circles or arcs, or a line
and circle
Whether two items are
tangent
Yes
Yes
Two line segments
Whether line segments
are the same length
Point and a line, arc, circle or
a vector
Whether a point is on
the line/curve
Yes
Point on
curve
Point and a function, curve, or
ellipse
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Editing Figures
This icon appears when this Tapping this icon
Icon Icon Name
Lockable
is selected:
displays:
Rotation
F
Two points created by
[Rotation]
Angle of rotation
Yes
angle
Scale of
dilation
Two points (like Point A and
Point A’) on a figure created by
[Dilation]
Scale of dilation
Transform matrix
2
Yes
No
Transform
matrix
Two points (like Point A and
Point A’) on a figure created by
[Rotation], [Dilation], or
}
[General Transform]
Tip
• The “Direction” and “Rotation angle” items always display information in degrees, regardless of
the currently selected angle unit setting.
You can use the measurement box to determine certain measurements.
In the first example below, three points are selected on the screen and the measurement box
shows the area of the triangle formed by them.
The second example shows how to view the measurements of a line segment.
u To display the area of a triangular area
You can use the measurement box to display the area of a triangle formed by any three
points you select on the display.
Example: To use the parallelogram ABCD, in which sides AD and BC are parallel, to
determine the areas of the triangles formed by side AD and point B, and side AD
and point C
(1) Draw the parallelogram.
• If you need to, select [Edit] and then [Clear All] before beginning this example.
(2) Tap u on the toolbar to display the measurement box.
(3) Select points A, D, and B.
• This causes the area of the triangle ADB to appear
in the measurement box.
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Editing Figures
(4) Tap anywhere outside of the parallelogram to deselect the current points, and then
select points A, D, and C.
• This causes the area of the triangle ADC to appear
in the measurement box. The above procedure
shows that the areas of the two triangles are
the same.
u To view the measurements of a line segment
(1) Draw a line segment.
(2) Tap u on the toolbar to display the
measurement box.
(3) Select the line segment.
• This displays the length of the line segment.
(4) Tap the down arrow next to the measurement box to cycle through other
measurements.
• In the case of the line segment, for example, you can view its length, slope, direction,
and equation.
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8-3-8
Editing Figures
k Specifying a Measurement of a Figure
The following example shows how to specify an angle of a triangle.
u To specify the angle of a triangle
(1) Draw the triangle.
• If you need to, select [Edit] and then [Clear All] before beginning this example.
(2) Tap u on the toolbar to display the measurement box.
(3) Select side AB and then select side BC.
• This displays the measure of angle B in the measure-
ment box.
(4) Input the value you want to specify for angle B into the measurement box and press
E.
• In this example, we input 90, which makes angle B
90 degrees.
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8-3-9
Editing Figures
k Fixing a Measurement of a Figure
By “fixing a measurement” we mean that a constraint is placed on the figure. For example, if
we fix (constrain) a point to a circle and move the circle, the point will also move.
The following example shows how to fix the size of an angle of a triangle.
u To fix the measure of an angle of a triangle
(1) Draw the triangle.
(2) Select side AB and then select side BC.
(3) Input 90 into the measurement box, and then select the check box to the right of it.
• This fixes the measure of angle B at 90 degrees.
A highlighted check box
indicates the measurement
is fixed (constrained).
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8-4-1
Controlling Geometry Window Appearance
8-4 Controlling Geometry Window Appearance
This section provides information about how to control the appearance of the Geometry
application window by scrolling or zooming, and by showing or hiding axes and the grid.
Configuring View Window Settings
You can use the following procedures to configure settings that control the appearance of the
Geometry application window.
Tap O, [Settings], and then [View Window] to display the View Window dialog box. The
View Window dialog box allows you to configure the x-axis range of values. The ymid value
is used to center the Graph window vertically. For example, if we set ymid = 2, then the y-
axis will appear 2 units below the center of the Graph window.
Selecting the Axis Setting
Tap q, or tap [View] and then [Toggle Axes] to cycle through the three settings shown
below.
Axes off, values off
Axes on, values off
Axes on, values on
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8-4-2
Controlling Geometry Window Appearance
Toggling Integer Grid Display On and Off
You can toggle integer grid display on and off by tapping [View] and then [Integer Grid]. The
[Integer Grid] command on the [View] menu has a check mark next to it while integer grid
display is turned on.
Grid off
Grid on
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8-4-3
Controlling Geometry Window Appearance
Zooming
The Geometry application provides you with a selection of zoom commands that you can
use to enlarge or reduce an entire display image or a specific area of a figure.
Tip
• The screenshots in this section all use the “Axes on, values on” setting described under
“Selecting the Axis Setting” on page 8-4-1.
u To use Zoom Box
Example: To use zoom box to enlarge part of a circle
(1) Draw a circle.
(2) Tap [View] and then [Zoom Box], or tap Q.
(3) Drag the stylus on the screen to draw a selection boundary around the area you want
to enlarge.
(4) Remove the stylus from the display and the area within the selection boundary
expands to fill the entire Graph window.
u To use Zoom In and Out
Example 1: To zoom in on a circle
(1) Draw a circle.
(2) Tap [View] and then [Zoom In], or tap W.
• This enlarges the circle.
Example 2: To zoom out on a circle
(1) Draw a circle.
(2) Tap [View] and then [Zoom Out] or tap E.
• This reduces the size of the circle.
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Controlling Geometry Window Appearance
u To use Zoom to Fit
(1) Draw the figure or figures you want.
• If what you are drawing does not fit on the display, scroll the image as you draw it.
• For information about scrolling the screen, see “Using Pan to Shift the Display Image”
on page 8-4-5.
(2) Tap [View] and then [Zoom to Fit], or tap R.
• This enlarges or reduces the figure so it fills the display.
Tip
• You can also perform the Zoom In, Zoom Out, and Zoom to Fit operations by pressing ClassPad
keys as described below.
To do this:
Zoom In
Press this key:
+
-
=
Zoom Out
Zoom to Fit
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8-4-5
Controlling Geometry Window Appearance
Using Pan to Shift the Display Image
Panning makes it easy to shift the display image by dragging with the stylus.
Tip
• The screenshot in this section uses the “Axes on, values on” setting described under “Selecting
the Axis Setting” on page 8-4-1.
u To use Pan
Example: To pan the image of a circle
(1) Draw a circle.
(2) Tap [View] and then [Pan], or tap T.
(3) Place the stylus on the screen and drag in the direction you want to shift the image of
the circle.
Tip
• You can also scroll the window using the cursor keys.
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8-5-1
Working with Animations
8-5 Working with Animations
An animation consists of one or more point/curve pairs, in which the curve can be a line
segment, circle, ellipse, or function. You build an animation by selecting a point/curve pair,
and then adding it to an animation.
Using Animation Commands
You can build and run an animation either by executing menu commands or by using the
animation toolbar that appears when you tap [View] and then [Animation UI].
[Edit] – [Animate]
[Animate] submenu
[View] – [Animation UI]
Animation toolbar
}
Add Animation
Trace
Replace Animation
Go (once)
Go (repeat)
Stop
Go (to and fro)
Tip
• Most of the procedures in this section are performed using the [Animate] submenu.
• All of the [Animate] menu commands can be accessed from the animation toolbar, except for
[Edit] - [Animate] - [Edit Animations].
• To close the animation toolbar and return to the normal toolbar, tap the = button on the right
side of the animation toolbar, or tap [View] and then [Animation UI].
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8-5-2
Working with Animations
u To add an animation and run it
(1) Plot a point and draw an arc. Or, you could draw a circle, ellipse, line segment, or
function instead of an arc.
(2) Select the point and arc.
(3) Tap [Edit], [Animate], and then [Add Animation].
(4) Tap [Edit], [Animate], and then [Go (once)],
[Go (repeat)], or [Go (to and fro)].
Point A moves along arc CD.
(5) Tap [Edit], [Animate], and then [Stop] to stop the animation.
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8-5-3
Working with Animations
Tip
• You can repeat the above procedure to create multiple points that move simultaneously.
Try this:
• Draw a line segment and plot another point.
• Select the line segment and the point.
• Repeat steps (3) and (4) on page 8-5-2.
Notice that both animations go at the same time!
• To start a new animation, perform the procedure under “To replace the current animation with a
new one” on page 8-5-4. Or, tap [Edit], [Animate] and then [Edit Animations]. On the dialog box
that appears tap [Remove].
u To animate a point around a circle
(1) Plot a point and draw a circle, and then select them.
(2) Tap [Edit], [Animate], and then [Add Animation].
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8-5-4
Working with Animations
(3) Tap [Edit], [Animate], and then [Go (once)].
• This causes the point to travel around the
circumference of the circle.
u To replace the current animation with a new one
(1) Select the point and curve for the new animation.
(2) Tap [Edit], [Animate], and then [Replace Animation].
• This discards the currently set animation and sets up an animation for a new point
and curve set. Tap [Edit], [Animate], and then [Go (once)] to see your new animation.
u To trace a locus of points
Tip
• Using trace leaves a trail of points when the animation is run.
(1) Draw a line segment AB and plot point C, which is not on line segment AB.
(2) Plot point D, which should also not be on line segment AB, but should be on the same
side of the line segment as point C.
(3) Draw a line segment that connects point D with point C.
(4) Draw another line segment that connects point D with
line segment AB. This is line segment DE.
(5) Tap the right arrow button to display the measurement box.
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Working with Animations
(6) Select line segments AB and DE, enter 90 in the measurement box, and tap the check
box next to the measurement box.
• This fixes the angle between AB and DE at 90
degrees.
(7) Select only line segments DE and DC, and then tap the down arrow next to the
measurement box.
(8) Tap the eicon, and then select the check box to the right of the measurement box.
• This makes line segments DE and DC congruent in length.
A highlighted check box indicates the measurement
is fixed (constrained).
(9) Select point E and line segment AB.
(10) Tap [Edit], [Animate], and then [Add Animation].
(11) Tap the screen to deselect the currently selected items.
(12) Select point D.
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Working with Animations
(13) Tap [Edit], [Animate], and then [Trace].
(14) With point D still selected, tap [Edit], [Animate], and then [Go (once)].
• This should cause a parabola to be traced on the
display. Note that line segment AB is the directrix
and point C is the focus of the parabola.
u To edit an animation
(1) While the animation you want to edit is on the display, tap [Edit], [Animate], and then
[Edit Animations].
• This displays the animation editing window in the lower window. The upper window
contains the animation that we just completed in “To trace a locus of points”. See
page 8-5-4 for information about specifying the trace point.
(2) Edit the animation following the procedure below.
Steps
This setting specifies how many steps point E takes to
move along line segment AB. The initial default value
is 20.
Animations
• The “E” under “Animations” indicates that point E is
the point moved by the animation. When you are
building multiple animations, a list of all applicable
points appears here.
• Tapping [Remove] deletes the applicable animation.
• “t0” and “t1” specify the range of movement of point
E on line segment AB. The initial default values are
t0 = 0 and t1 = 1.
• During animation, the length of AB is considered to
be one unit. The default values specify that movement of point E is from start point A
(point where length equals 0) up to end point B (point where length equals 1).
• Changing the value of t0 to 0.5, for example, causes point E to move from the middle
of line segment AB to point B.
• Changing the value of t0 to −1, causes point E to begin at a point outside line
segment AB (in this case, at a point a distance equivalent to the length of line
segment AB) and ending with point B.
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8-5-7
Working with Animations
Traces
This item shows the specified trace point. Tapping [Remove] cancels the trace point
setting.
(3) While the lower window is active, tap O and then [Close] to close the animation
editing window.
u To view an animation table
(1) Draw a triangle and a line segment above the triangle.
(2) Tap the right arrow button to display the measurement box.
(3) Select the line segment and the vertex point closest to the line.
Measurement box
(4) Tap the down arrow next to the measurement box.
(5) Tap the 6 icon, and then select the check box to the right of the measurement box.
• This connects the segment and vertex point.
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Working with Animations
(6) With the line and vertex point still selected, tap [Edit], [Animate], and then [Add
Animation].
(7) Now, select only one side of the triangle.
(8) Tap [Edit], [Animate], and then [Go (once)].
(9) Tap # next to the measurement box.
• While the animation is running, the lower window shows the table for the length of the
side you selected.
(10) Try selecting another side and running the animation again to view the table for that
side. Or, select another side and tap #.
(11) Select all three sides of the triangle and run the animation again.
• The table that appears in the lower window will show how the area of the triangle
changes while the animation runs.
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8-6-1
Using the Geometry Application with Other Applications
8-6 Using the Geometry Application with Other
Applications
You can display the Geometry application from within the eActivity or Main application. This
is a great feature that allows you the visualize the relationship between Algebra and
Geometry. You can, for example, drag a figure from the Geometry window to the eActivity
window to see its corresponding mathematical expression. This section describes how to do
this and other useful things.
Drag and Drop
When you open Geometry within another application, you can drag and drop information
between the two application windows.
Example 1: To drag a circle from the Geometry window to the eActivity window
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Tap m to display the application menu, and then tap A to start the eActivity
application.
(2) From the eActivity menu, tap [Insert] and then [Geometry].
• This inserts a Geometry data strip, and displays the Geometry window in the lower
half of the screen.
Geometry data strip
Geometry window
• For details about Geometry data strips, see “Inserting an Application Data Strip”
on page 10-3-5.
(3) Draw a circle on the Geometry window.
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8-6-2
Using the Geometry Application with Other Applications
(4) Select the circle and drag it to the first available line in the eActivity window.
• This inserts the equation of the circle in the eActivity window.
(5) You can now experiment with the data in the eActivity window.
Tip
• Try modifying the radius of the circle in the eActivity window. Highlight your modified equation,
then drag it into the Geometry window.
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8-6-3
Using the Geometry Application with Other Applications
Example 2: To drag two sides of a triangle from the Geometry window to the Main window
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Tap m to display the application menu, and then tap J to start the Main application.
(2) Tap 3 to display the Geometry window in the lower half of the screen.
Geometry window
(3) Draw a triangle on the Geometry window.
(4) Select two sides of the triangle and drag them to the Main window.
• This inserts the equations of the sides in the Main window.
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8-6-4
Using the Geometry Application with Other Applications
(5) Press E.
• Notice that the solution is the same as the coordinates of point A.
• To show the coordinates of A, just select
point A. Its coordinates will be displayed in
the status bar.
Tip
• Try using this drag and drop method to find the point of intersection of two lines. This is a great
way to find the solution to a system of equations.
• To view a fractional result as a decimal, tap the input row and then u.
• The information that appears when you drop a figure into another application depends on the
figure you are dragging. Many of the possible outcomes are listed in the table below.
Support for drag and drop into a
Geometry Link row* in an eActivity
Drag and drop into another
application transforms to:
Geometric Figure
yes
yes
yes
An Ordered Pair
Linear Equation
Linear Equation
Point
Line Segment
Infinite Line
An Ordered Pair (head of vector,
assuming the tail is at the origin)
no
Vector (Ray)
yes
Equation of a Circle
Equation of a Circle
Equation of an Ellipse
Equation of the Function
System of Equations
Circle
Arc
yes
yes
yes
no
Ellipse
Function (
y=
f
(x))
Two Lines
Matrix Containing each Vertex
Point
no
no
no
Polygon
Open Polygon created
by Animation
Matrix Containing each Vertex
Point
Pairs of points related
by a transformation
Expression Showing Point
Relationship
* For details about a Geometry Link row, see “Inserting a Geometry Link Row” on page 10-3-12.
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8-6-5
Using the Geometry Application with Other Applications
Copy and Paste
In addition to drag and drop, you can also copy figures or columns from an animation table,
and paste them into another application.
Dynamically Linked Data
Another nice feature of the ClassPad is the ability to create a dynamic link between a
geometric figure and its equation in the eActivity window. When a geometric figure is
dynamically linked to an equation, you will notice a link symbol ( ) in front of the equation in
the eActivity window. Changing the graph in the Geometry window will automatically update
the linked data in the eActivity window. Also, changing the data in the eActivity window will
update the graph in the Geometry window. Note that this feature is available only within the
eActivity application.
Example of dynamically linked data
For information on how to create a dynamic link between a geometric figure and its equation
in the eActivity window, see “Inserting a Geometry Link Row” on page 10-3-12.
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8-7-1
Managing Geometry Application Files
8-7 Managing Geometry Application Files
This section covers file management operations such as save, open, delete, rename, move,
etc.
Tip
• You can also use the Variable Manager (page 1-8-1) to manage Geometry application files.
File Operations
u To save a file
(1) Tap [File] and then [Save].
• This displays the Files dialog box.
(2) Tap the name of the folder where you want to save the file so it is selected.
File name edit box
(3) In the file name edit box, input up to 8 bytes for the file name.
(4) Tap [Save].
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Managing Geometry Application Files
u To open an existing file
(1) Tap [File] and then [Open].
• This displays the Files dialog box.
(2) Open the folder that contains the file you want to open.
(3) Tap the name of the file you want to open so it is selected, and then tap [Open].
u To search for a file
(1) Tap [File] and then [Open].
• This displays the Files dialog box.
(2) Tap [Search].
• This displays the Search dialog box.
(3) Enter the file name you want to find and then tap [Search].
• File names that match the one you enter become highlighted on the display. Tapping
[Open] opens the highlighted file.
• To search for the next occurrence of the file name, tap [Search] again and then tap
[Next] on the Search dialog box.
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8-7-3
Managing Geometry Application Files
u To save a file under a different name
(1) Tap [File] and then [Save].
• This displays the Files dialog box.
(2) Input up to 8 bytes for the new name under which
you want to save the file.
(3) Tap [Save].
Tip
• When saving a file, you could select a different folder before inputting a file name in step (2).
u To delete a file
(1) Tap [File] and then [Open].
• This displays the Files dialog box.
(2) Select the check box next to the file you want to delete.
• You can select multiple files for deletion, if you want.
• Selecting a check box next to a folder name automatically checks the boxes for all
files inside that folder.
(3) Tap [File] and then [Delete].
(4) In response to the confirmation dialog box that appears, tap [OK] to delete the file(s) or
[Cancel] to cancel.
(5) To close the Files dialog box, tap [Cancel].
Tip
• Selecting a folder in the above procedure deletes the folder and all of its contents. Note, however,
that the “main” folder cannot be deleted, even if you check it.
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8-7-4
Managing Geometry Application Files
u To rename a file
(1) Tap [File] and then [Open].
• This displays the Files dialog box.
(2) Tap the name of the file you want to rename so it is selected.
(3) Tap [File] and then [Rename].
• This displays the Rename dialog box.
(4) Enter the new file name.
(5) In response to the confirmation dialog box that appears, tap [OK] to rename the file or
[Cancel] to cancel.
(6) To close the Files dialog box, tap [Cancel].
u To move a file to another folder
(1) Tap [File] and then [Open].
• This displays the Files dialog box.
(2) Select the check box next to the file you want to move.
• To move multiple files, select all of their check boxes.
(3) Tap [File] and then [Move].
• This causes a dialog box for selecting the destination folder to appear.
(4) On the dialog box, tap the down arrow button and then select the destination folder
from the list that appears.
(5) Tap [OK].
(6) To close the Files dialog box, tap [Cancel].
Folder Operations
u To create a new folder
(1) Tap [File] and then [Open].
• This displays the Files dialog box.
(2) Tap [File] and then [Create Folder], or tap {.
• This displays the Create Folder dialog box.
(3) Enter up to 8 bytes for the folder name.
(4) In response to the confirmation dialog box that appears, tap [OK] to create the folder or
[Cancel] to cancel.
(5) To close the Files dialog box, tap [Cancel].
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8-7-5
Managing Geometry Application Files
u To delete a folder
Warning!
Deleting a folder also deletes all files inside of it. Please double-check to make sure you no
longer need the contents of a folder before deleting it.
(1) Tap [File] and then [Open].
• This displays the Files dialog box.
(2) Select the check box next to the folder you want to delete.
• You can select multiple folders for deletion, if you want.
• Selecting a check box next to a folder name automatically selects the check boxes for
all of the files inside that folder.
(3) Tap [File] and then [Delete].
(4) In response to the confirmation dialog box that appears, tap [OK] to delete the folder or
[Cancel] to cancel.
(5) To close the Files dialog box, tap [Cancel].
Tip
• You cannot delete the “main” folder.
u To rename a folder
Use the procedure under “To rename a file” on page 8-7-4 to rename a folder. Simply select a
folder instead of a file.
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Chapter
Using the Numeric
Solver Application
9
This chapter provides information about the functions of the
Numeric Solver application, referred to as NumSolve, and
explains how to perform Numeric Solver procedures. Numeric
Solver lets you obtain the value of any variable in an equation
without the need to transform or simplify the equation.
9-1 Numeric Solver Application Overview
9-2 Using Numeric Solver
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Numeric Solver Application Overview
9-1 Numeric Solver Application Overview
This section describes the configuration of the Numeric Solver application windows and
provides basic information about Numeric Solver menu and commands.
Starting Up the Numeric Solver Application
Use the following procedure to start up the Numeric Solver application.
u ClassPad Operation
On the application menu, tap N.
Numeric Solver Application Window
Starting up Numeric Solver application displays the window shown below.
Input equations here.
Variable list
Numeric Solver Menus and Buttons
This section explains the operations you can perform using the menus and buttons of the
Numeric Solver window.
• For information about the O - [Settings] menu, see “Using the Settings Menu” on page
1-5-8.
k O Menu
To do this:
Make the Num Solver window active
Make the Graph Editor window active
Make the 3D Graph Editor window active
Make the Main application active
Select this O menu item:
NumSolve
Graph Editor
3D Graph Editor
Main
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Numeric Solver Application Overview
k aMenu
To do this:
Clear all 1-character input variables (a through z)
Initialize the upper boundary and lower boundary
Select this a menu item:
Clear a–z
Initialize Bound
Important!
• Performing “Clear a-z” operation clears all 1-character variables, regardless of variable data
type. Programs and functions with file names from “a” through “z” are also cleared.
k Toolbar
The toolbar provides you with easy access to the Main application, 3D Graph Editor, Graph
Editor, and, of course, Solve.
k Dragging an Expression from the Other Application to the Numeric Solver
Window
You can drag expression and equations from the Main application window or Graph Editor
window and drop them into the Numeric Solver window.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the Graph Editor window, input the equation x3 + 4·x2 + x – 2.
(2) Tap the equation to the right of “y1=”. Next, tap [Edit] and then [Select All].
(3) Drag the equation x3 + 4·x2 + x – 2 to the “Equation:” cursor position.
Numeric Solver window
Graph Editor window
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Using Numeric Solver
9-2 Using Numeric Solver
Numeric Solver lets you obtain the value of any variable in an equation, without the need to
transform or simplify the equation.
Example: t is the time it would take for an object thrown straight up with initial velocity v to
reach height h.
Use the formula below to calculate the initial velocity v for a height of h = 14
meters and a time of t = 2 seconds. Gravitational acceleration is g = 9.8 m/s2.
h = vt – 1/2 gt2
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Tap m to display the application menu, and then tap N.
• This starts up the Numeric Solver application.
(2) k 9 V
(3) Input the equation as it is written, and then tap w.
h=vt-(b/c)gt{cw
• If you do not input an equal sign (=), the ClassPad assumes that the entire expression
is on the left side of the equal sign and that the right side is zero. Inputting more than
one equal sign causes an error.
(4) On the list of expression variables that appears, enter values for the variables you
want.
bewawcwj.iw
You can also specify upper and lower limit values for the solution.
• An error occurs if there is no solution within the range of values you specify.
(5) Select the variable for which you want to solve (so the button next to the variable
becomes ).
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Using Numeric Solver
(6) Tap 1, or tap [Solve] and then [Execute] on the Numeric Solver menu.
• The [Left–Right] value shows the difference between the left side and right side
results.
Tip
• Numeric Solver solves functions by calculating approximations based on Newton’s method.
This means that solutions may include errors that are not actual solutions. The accuracy of
solutions can be determined by viewing the [Left–Right] value. The closer the [Left–Right]
value is to zero, the more accurate the results.
• If ClassPad judges that the displayed results are not converging sufficiently, it displays the
message “Did not converge. Do you wish to continue a calculation?” Tap [Yes] to continue, or
[No] to cancel the calculation.
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Chapter
Using the eActivity
Application
An eActivity is both a documentation tool, and a student
notebook. As a documentation tool, a teacher can create
electronic examples and practice problems with accompanying
text, mathematical expressions, 2D and 3D graphs, geometric
drawings, and tables. eActivities provide the student the means
to explore problems, document their learning and problem
solving by entering notes, and share their learning by saving their
work to a file.
10
10-1 eActivity Application Overview
10-2 Creating an eActivity
10-3 Inserting Data into an eActivity
10-4 Working with eActivity Files
10-5 Transferring eActivity Files
eActivity Data Download Center
A variety of eActivity files are available for download at the CASIO Website.
Visit the URL below for more information.
• After you download an eActivity file, you will need to use ClassPad
Manager software to transfer it from your computer to your ClassPad. See
the instructions provided at the CASIO Website for more information.
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eActivity Application Overview
10-1 eActivity Application Overview
The eActivity application lets you input and edit text, mathematical expressions, and
ClassPad application data, and save your input in a file called an “eActivity”. The techniques
you will use are similar to those of a standard word processor, and they are easy to get used
to.
Starting Up the eActivity Application
Use the following procedure to start up the eActivity application.
u ClassPad Operation
On the application menu, tap A.
This starts the eActivity application and displays the eActivity window.
eActivity Application Window
The eActivity application can be used to create a file called an “eActivity”. A basic eActivity
can contain text along with application data, which is embedded as a row or a strip. A row
can be a “Text Row”, a “Calculation Row”, or a “Geometry Link”. A strip can be an
“application data strip” (Main, Geometry, Graph & Table, Conics, Sequence, and so on).
Creating an eActivity is as simple as typing in text and adding application data using the
toolbar.
eActivity
window
eActivity
window
Expanded
graph
window
Graph strip
Expand button
Example eActivity Windows
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eActivity Application Overview
eActivity Application Menus and Buttons
This section explains the operations you can perform using the menus and toolbar buttons of
the eActivity application.
• For information about the O menu, see “Using the O Menu” on page 1-5-4.
k File Menu
Select this File
menu item:
To do this:
New
Start a new eActivity
Open
Save
Open an existing eActivity
Save the current eActivity to a file
k Edit Menu
Select this Edit
menu item:
To do this:
Undo the last operation or redo an operation that was just undone
Cut the currently selected string and place it onto the clipboard
Copy the currently selected string and place it onto the clipboard
Paste the current clipboard contents onto the screen
Select all rows and strips on the display
Undo/Redo
Cut
Copy
Paste
Select All
Delete Line
Clear All
Delete the contents of the line where the cursor is located
Clear the eActivity window
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eActivity Application Overview
k Insert Menu
Tap this
button
Or select this
Insert menu item:
To do this:
—
—
—
Insert a calculation row
Insert a text row
Insert a Geometry-linked data row
Insert an application data strip
Calculation Row
Text Row
Geometry Link
~
3
$
!
%
@
^
*
y
(
1
&
_
Q
W
Main
Geometry
Graph
Graph Editor
3D Graph
3D Graph Editor
Conics Graph
Conics Editor
Stat Graph
List Editor
NumSolve
Sequence Editor
Notes
Spreadsheet
Verify
k Action Menu
To do this:
Do this:
Insert a command (page 2-7-1)
Tap [Action].
k Other Buttons
The operations described below are available from the toolbar only.
There are no corresponding menu commands for these buttons.
To do this:
Tap this button:
Open the Files dialog box (page 10-2-2)
{
Toggles a calculation result between standard (fractional result) and
decimal (approximate result)
u
Bold the entire line of text where the cursor is located
Converts a text row to a calculation row
u
Converts a calculation row to a text row
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eActivity Application Overview
eActivity Application Status Bar
The information that appears in the eActivity application status bar is same as the Main
application status bar information. See “Using Main Application Modes” on page 2-1-4.
eActivity Key Operations
In the eActivity application, the cursor key, K key, and E key operate differently than
they do in other modes.
Cursor Key
• The cursor key moves the cursor around the eActivity window.
• Though you can always move the cursor up and down, you may not always be able to
move it left and right. The left and right cursor key operations move the cursor left and right
in the current row, but for the most part they cannot be used to move the cursor between
rows of different types.
• Up and down cursor operations move the cursor between rows, regardless of type.
K Key
• Pressing the K key deletes the character to the left of the current cursor position.
E Key
• Pressing the E key while the cursor is in a text row inserts a carriage return and adds a
new line.
• Pressing the E key while the cursor is in a calculation row re-calculates the expression of
the current calculation row as well as all of the calculation rows below the current row.
• Pressing the E key while the cursor is in a Geometry Link row re-calculates the data in
the link and updates the corresponding graph in the Geometry window.
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Creating an eActivity
10-2 Creating an eActivity
This provides a general overview of eActivity operations, from starting up the eActivity
application to saving an eActivity file. It also presents precautions you need to keep in mind
when managing eActivity files.
Basic Steps for Creating an eActivity
The following are the basic steps you need to perform when creating an eActivity. Detailed
information about each step is provided in the other sections of this chapter.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Tap m to display the application menu, and then tap A to start the eActivity
application.
• This displays the eActivity window as it appeared the last time it was used.
• If you are already in the eActivity application and there is data on the display, tap
[File] and then [New]. Note that [New] clears data from the display without saving it.
(2) On the eActivity window, insert the text, expressions, application data, and other data
you want to include in the eActivity.
• There are four types of data you can insert into an eActivity: text rows, calculation
rows, Geometry Link rows, and application data strips. For details about inserting
each type of data, see “10-3 Inserting Data into an eActivity”.
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Creating an eActivity
(3) After the eActivity is the way you want, tap [File] and then [Save].
• This displays the Files dialog box.
Tap here to create a
new folder.
This is a list of folders
and files. Select the
name of the folder
where you want to
save the eActivity file
by tapping it.
Enter up to 20 characters for
the eActivity file name.
(4) After selecting a folder and entering a file name, tap [Save] to save the eActivity.
Warning!
• If you do not save the eActivity you are creating before tapping m on the icon panel to
display the application menu or before tapping M to display the Main application, the
unsaved eActivity data may be deleted.
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Creating an eActivity
Managing eActivity Files
This section covers file management operations like save, open, delete, rename, move, etc.
Performing one of these operations displays a Files dialog box like the ones shown below.
The buttons that appear in the dialog box depend on the operation you performed to display
the Files dialog box.
Tap [File] and then [Open].
Tap {.
Tap [File] and then [Save].
(Includes [Save] button.)
(Includes [Open] button.)
(Includes [Save] and [Open]
buttons.)
The operations you can perform on the Files dialog box are identical to those of the
Geometry application Files dialog box, except that eActivity file names can contain up to 20
characters (bytes). For details, see “8-7 Managing Geometry Application Files”.
Important!
• eActivity files are stored in a memory area that is separate from that used for storing other
types of data (variable data, Geometry data, Presentation data, etc.) Because of this, you
cannot access eActivity files data using the Variable Manager. You have to use the eActivity
application to perform eActivity file management operations.
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Inserting Data into an eActivity
10-3 Inserting Data into an eActivity
The following describes the four types of data you can insert into an eActivity.
Text Row
A text row can be
used to insert text
data and
mathematical
expression text in
natural format. You
can also bold the text
in a text row.
Application data strip
The application data strip lets
you display a window from a
ClassPad application (Main,
Graph & Table, Geometry, etc.)
and use the window to create
data, which is inserted into the
eActivity.
Calculation Row
Use the calculation row
to insert any of the
calculation operations
that are available in the
Main application.
Geometry Link Row
Use this row to insert data
that is linked with a Geometry
window figure.
Inserting a Text Row
Text rows make it possible to display and edit text directly in the eActivity window. Text rows
can contain multiple lines, as well as mathematical expressions. A mathematical expression
contained in a text row is not evaluated. Pressing E, while in the Text Input mode, will
advance you to the next line without displaying results. Individual text rows can scroll
horizontally, but not vertically. The entire eActivity page can be scrolled vertically.
Tip
• You can also use the ) soft keyboard to input mathematical expressions into a text row.
u To select the input mode
(1) On the eActivity window toolbar, tap the fourth button from the left (u/
) to toggle
the input mode between Text Input and Calculation Input.
u button indicates the Text Input
mode is selected.
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Inserting Data into an eActivity
Tip
• The toolbar button for switching between input modes appears as uwhile the cursor is located
in a text row, and while the cursor is located in a calculation row.
u To insert a Text Row
(1) Tap
to change a row to the Text Input mode.
• If the cursor is located in a line that already contains input data, place the cursor at
the end of the line, tap [Insert] and then [Text Row]. This inserts a text row on the next
line.
(2) Use the soft keyboard or keypad keys to input the text you want.
• You can use the alphabet (abc) keyboard to input alphabetic characters.
• Use the other keyboards to input mathematical expressions, commands, etc. Note
that any mathematical expressions or commands you input into a text row are treated
as text. They are not executed.
• Note that word wrap is not performed when inputting text into a text row. Because of
this, you need to tap w to input carriage returns as required.
u To bold text
(1) Move the cursor to the line of text you want to bold.
(2) Tap
.
(3) To unbold the text, tap
again.
→
←
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Inserting Data into an eActivity
Inserting a Calculation Row
Calculation rows let you perform calculations in an eActivity. When you input a mathematical
expression, the output expression (result) appears, right justified, in the next line. An
eActivity that contains only calculation rows looks very much like the Main application
window. Note that you can edit the input expression, but not the output expression (result).
You can also copy, paste, drag and drop input and output expressions. Both the input and
output rows scroll independently in a horizontal direction.
Tip
• If the input expression of a calculation row is not a valid expression, the row will contain only the
input expression, without an output expression.
u To select the input mode
(1) On the eActivity window toolbar, tap the fourth button from the left (u/
) to toggle
the input mode between Text Input and Calculation Input.
button indicates the
Calculation Input mode is selected.
This mark is displayed at the head of the line
while the Calculation Input mode is selected.
Tip
• The toolbar button for switching between input modes appears as uwhile the cursor is located
in a text row, and
while the cursor is located in a calculation row.
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Inserting Data into an eActivity
u To insert a Calculation Row
(1) Tap uto change a row from the Text Input mode to the Calculation Input mode.
• If the cursor is located in a line that already contains input data, place the cursor at
the end of the line, tap [Insert] and then [Calculation Row]. This inserts a calculation
row on the next line.
(2) Use the soft keyboard or keypad keys to input the mathematical expression you want.
• Mathematical expression input techniques are identical to those in the Main
application. See Chapter 2 for more information.
(3) Press E after inputting an expression to display its result.
Line 1: Expression you input
Line 2: Result
• If you want to input an expression without displaying its result, do not press E.
Instead, tap [Insert] and then [Text Row] to input a text row. Or you could change the
current row from a calculation row to a text row by tapping
the row.
while the cursor is in
Important!
• If you edit the expression in an existing calculation row and then press E, all of the
expressions following the line you edited are re-calculated and their results are refreshed.
Even mathematical expressions you originally input into the eActivity without calculating
their results are calculated, and their results appear.
Changing “10 S b” to “20 S b” in the example below and pressing E causes all of the
expressions under “20 S b” to be re-calculated.
• Tap to the right of “10”.
• Press E.
• Press K twice, and then
input “20”.
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10-3-5
Inserting Data into an eActivity
Inserting an Application Data Strip
An application data strip can be used to embed data from other ClassPad applications into
an eActivity. An application data strip contains the elements shown below.
Title
Expand button
You can enter a title,
if you want.
Tap here to display the application
data in the lower window.
k To insert an application data strip into an eActivity
Tap the [Insert] menu or the v down arrow button next to the ~button, and then select the
command or button that corresponds to the type of application data you want to insert.
Select this
[Insert] menu
item:
Or tap
this
button:
To insert this type of application data:
Main application work area window data
Geometry application Geometry window data
Graph & Table application Graph window data
Graph & Table application Graph Editor window data
3D Graph application 3D Graph window data
3D Graph application 3D Graph Editor window data
Conics application Conics Graph window data
Conics application Conics Editor window data
Statistics application Statistical Graph window data
Statistics application List Editor window data
NumSolve application Numeric Solver window data
Sequence application Sequence Editor window data
Notes window*1
Main
~
3
$
!
%
@
^
*
y
(
1
&
_
Q
W
Geometry
Graph
Graph Editor
3D Graph
3D Graph Editor
Conics Graph
Conics Editor
Stat Graph
List Editor
NumSolve
Sequence Editor
Notes
Spreadsheet window data
Verify window*2 data
Spreadsheet
Verify
*1 The Notes window is a function you can use within the eActivity application.
*2 The Verify window is a function you can use within the eActivity application and the Main
application. See “2-10 Using Verify” for details.
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Inserting Data into an eActivity
Example 1: To insert a Geometry data strip
u ClassPad Operation
(1) From the eActivity menu, tap [Insert] and then [Geometry].
• This inserts a Geometry data strip, and displays the Geometry window in the lower
half of the screen.
Geometry data strip
Geometry window
(2) On the Geometry window, draw the figure you want.
• For details about Geometry window operations, see Chapter 8.
(3) After you finish performing the operation you want on the Geometry window, tap O
and then [Close] to close the Geometry window and return to the eActivity window.
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Inserting Data into an eActivity
(4) Tap the title box of the Geometry data strip and enter the title you want.
• If you want to input more data into the eActivity, tap the next line or use the [Insert]
menu to select the type of strip you want to insert next.
Example 2: To insert a Graph data strip
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the eActivity window, tap [Insert] and then [Graph].
• This inserts a Graph data strip, and displays the Graph window in the lower half of the
screen.
Graph data strip
Graph window
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Inserting Data into an eActivity
(2) On the Graph window, draw the graph you want.
• Tap the !button to display the Graph application’s Graph Editor window, enter a
function to graph, and then graph the function. For details about inputting functions on
the Graph Editor window and graphing functions, see Chapter 3.
Tap $.
Display the Graph Editor window
and input the function.
Graph the function.
(3) After you finish performing the operation you want on the Graph window, tap O and
then [Close] to close the Graph window. You will also need to tap the Graph Editor
window, and then select O then [Close] to return to the eActivity window.
(4) Tap the title box of the Graph data strip and enter the title you want.
• If you want to input more data into the eActivity, tap the next line or use the [Insert]
menu to select the type of row or strip you want to insert next.
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10-3-9
Inserting Data into an eActivity
Example 3: To use Notes in an eActivity
Notes is a simple text editing tool for taking notes or including in-depth explanations within
an eActivity. You can use Notes to store information for later use, or as a place to jot down
ideas.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the eActivity window, tap [Insert] and then [Notes].
• This inserts a Notes strip and displays the Notes window in the lower half of the
screen.
(2) Enter text you want in the Notes window.
• You can use the Edit menu and toolbar to perform following operations while the
Notes window is on the display.
Or tap
Select this Edit
menu item:
To do this:
this
button:
Undo the last operation or redo an operation that was
just undone
Undo/Redo
Cut
—
Cut the currently selected string and place it onto
the clipboard
r
t
Copy the currently selected string and place it onto
the clipboard
Copy
Paste the current clipboard contents onto the screen
Select all text on the Notes window
Paste
y
—
Select All
Clear All
—
—
Clear all text from the Notes window
Display the Variable Manager (page 1-8-1)
5
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Inserting Data into an eActivity
(3) After you finish entering text, you can close the Notes window by tapping O and then
[Close].
Tip
• You can use the Notes window to enter notes, homework assignments, in-depth details, etc.
• All information you enter is treated as text.
• When inputting text into a Notes window, the cursor will jump down to the beginning of the next
line when the right edge of the current line is reached.
• Notes does not support 2D math symbols.
• The Notes application is available only in eActivity.
Moving Information Between eActivity and Applications
An eActivity is like an interactive notebook or textbook that allows you to explore the world of
mathematics right on the page. You can take almost any expression from an eActivity page
and send it to another application. You can also take information from an application and
insert it into an eActivity page.
k Cut, Copy, and Paste
You can cut, copy, or paste text or mathematical expressions between the eActivity and any
other application. You can also cut, copy, and paste text and mathematical expressions
inside an eActivity.
Depending on the application, you can cut or copy, and paste text and mathematical
expression data into an eActivity. For example, you can copy a line in the Geometry
measurement box and paste it into an eActivity as an expression.
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Inserting Data into an eActivity
k Drag and Drop
You can drag and drop text or mathematical expressions between eActivity and other
applications. You can also drag and drop within an eActivity. Depending on the application,
you can drag text and mathematical expressions from an eActivity to another application
window. For example, you can drag an equation from the eActivity directly onto a graph
window.
(1) Graph strip is
expanded in the lower
window.
(2) Expression is
selected in the
eActivity.
(3) Expression has
been dragged into
the graph window.
Tip
• For details about what you can drag and drop between the eActivity window and Geometry
window, see “8-6 Using the Geometry Application with Other Applications”.
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10-3-12
Inserting Data into an eActivity
Inserting a Geometry Link Row
A Geometry Link row dynamically links data in the Geometry window with the corresponding
data in an eActivity. You can display lines and figures drawn in Geometry as values and
mathematical expressions in a Geometry Link row.
Dragging a line or figure from the Geometry window to a Geometry Link row in an eActivity
converts the line or figure to its mathematical expression. This expression is interlinked with
its Geometry window figure, so modifying one causes a corresponding change in the other.
Example of inserting a Geometry Link row
Modifying the equation in a Geometry Link updates the figure in the Geometry window.
Conversely, changing the shape, position, or some other parameter of the figure on the
Geometry window updates the equation in the Geometry Link.
u To input a Geometry Link row
Example: To drag one side of a triangle drawn on the Geometry window and link it to an
eActivity
(1) Open the eActivity application. Next, tap [Insert] and then [Geometry] to insert a
Geometry strip.
(2) On the Geometry window that appears in the lower half of the screen, draw a triangle.
• For details about Geometry window operations, see Chapter 8.
(3) Tap the eActivity window just below the Geometry strip.
• This makes eActivity the active window.
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Inserting Data into an eActivity
(4) Tap [Insert] and then [Geometry Link].
• This inserts a Geometry Link row in the next line.
Geometry Link row
Symbol
(5) Tap the Geometry window to make it active.
(6) Tap one side of the triangle to select it, and then drag it to the link symbol in the
eActivity window.
• This inputs the equation of the line that represents the side of the triangle into the link.
• Modifying the equation in the Geometry Link row and pressing E causes a corre-
sponding change in the Geometry window (lower right screenshot).
• The example below shows how the isosceles triangle ABC (CA = BC) changes when
the equation in the Geometry Link row is changed from y = 1.91x + 0.983 to y = x + 2.
• Drag the stylus across
1.91x + 0.983.
• Press E.
• Input x + 2.
Tip
• Dragging a line or figure from the Geometry window to a text row or calculation row in an
eActivity also converts the figure to its value or equation. In this case, however, data in the text
row or calculation row is not interlinked with the Geometry window figure.
• Pressing E after changing data in a Geometry Link updates the corresponding figure in the
Geometry window.
• Changing the figure in the Geometry window will cause the linked data in an eActivity to update
accordingly.
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10-4-1
Working with eActivity Files
10-4 Working with eActivity Files
You can perform basic file operations on eActivity files. You can open previously saved files,
edit an existing file, and save a file under a new name.
Opening an Existing eActivity
Perform the following steps to open an existing eActivity file.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the eActivity window, tap [File] and then [Open].
• This displays the Files dialog box.
(2) Select the name of the eActivity file you want to open by tapping it.
(3) Tap [Open].
• This opens the eActivity you selected in step (2).
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Working with eActivity Files
Browsing the Contents of an eActivity
• When you first open an eActivity, its data appears on
the window starting from line 1. Use the scroll bar to
scroll the window contents if necessary.
• To view the contents of an application data strip in the
eActivity, tap the expand button (which is the icon in
the data strip). For more information, see “Expanding
an Application Data Strip” below.
Expand button
Editing the Contents of an eActivity
To edit an eActivity, you can use the same procedures that you used when you created it.
For more information, see “10-3 Inserting Data into an eActivity”.
Expanding an Application Data Strip
Tapping the expand button of an application data strip expands the application data in the
lower window. The expand button of a data strip is highlighted to indicate that it is expanded
in the lower window.
Indicates Example 1 is expanded.
Indicates Example 2 is expanded.
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Working with eActivity Files
Modifying the Data in an Application Data Strip
Modifying application data on an application window in the lower eActivity window causes
the eActivity data to be modified as well. If you change the equation in the eActivity Graph
window, for example, the new graph will become the data of the eActivity.
This means that when you save and then reopen an eActivity file, tapping the application
data strip’s expand button again will cause the new graph to be displayed.
Saving an Edited eActivity
As with any other file, there are two ways to save an edited eActivity: resaving the original
eActivity with the newly edited eActivity, or saving the edited data under a different file name
as a new eActivity, without changing the originally opened eActivity.
u To replace the original eActivity file with the newly edited version
(1) On the eActivity window, tap [File] and then [Save].
• This displays the Files dialog box.
Current eActivity file name
(2) Tap [Save] without changing the displayed file name.
• This causes the original eActivity file to be replaced by the newly edited version.
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Working with eActivity Files
u To save an edited eActivity under a different name
(1) On the eActivity window, tap {, or tap [File] and then [Save].
• This displays the Files dialog box.
(2) If you want, tap the name of the folder where you want the new eActivity file to be
saved.
(3) Tap the file name input box, and input the new file name you want to use.
(4) When everything is the way you want, tap [Save].
• This saves the eActivity as a new file under the file name you specified.
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Transferring eActivity Files
10-5 Transferring eActivity Files
Note the following precautions when using the ClassPad’s data communication function to
transfer eActivity files with another ClassPad unit or a computer.
Transferring eActivity Files between Two ClassPad Units
k Transferring eActivity Files to Another ClassPad Unit
To transfer an eActivity file to another ClassPad unit, the receiving unit must support all of
the following types of application data strips.*
Application Data Strips
• Main ............................ ~
• Geometry .....................3
• Graph .......................... $
• Graph Editor .................!
• 3D Graph......................%
• 3D Graph Editor ...........@
• Conics Graph ...............^
• Conics Editor ............... *
• Stat Graph ................... y
• List Editor .....................(
• NumSolve.....................1
• Sequence Editor...........&
• Notes ............................_
• Spreadsheet .................Q
• Verify ............................W
*For details about application data strips, see “10-1 eActivity Application Overview”.
Important!
• If you transfer an eActivity file to a ClassPad unit that does not support all of the application
data strips listed above, the receiving ClassPad unit will not be able to open the file.
• Do not transfer eActivity files to a ClassPad unit that does not support all of the application
data strips listed above.
• The functions of this ClassPad unit are different from the functions of a ClassPad unit that
does not support all of the application data strips listed above. Because of this their
eActivity files are incompatible with each other. Do not transfer eActivity files between two
ClassPad units that are equipped with different application data strips.
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Transferring eActivity Files
k Transferring eActivity Files from Another ClassPad Unit
To transfer an eActivity file from another ClassPad unit, your ClassPad unit must support all
of the application data strips that are supported by the sending unit.
Important!
• If you transfer an eActivity file from a ClassPad unit that supports application data strips
that are not supported by this ClassPad unit, your will not be able to open the file.
• Do not transfer eActivity files from another ClassPad unit if your ClassPad unit does not
support all of the application data strips of the sending unit.
• The functions of this ClassPad unit are different from the functions of a ClassPad unit that
supports application data strips not supported by this unit. Because of this their eActivity
files are incompatible with each other. Do not transfer eActivity files between two ClassPad
units that are equipped with different application data strips.
Transferring eActivity Files between a ClassPad Unit and a Computer
You can use ClassPad Manager to transfer eActivity files between your ClassPad and
computer. Before doing so, however, you should check the version numbers of the
ClassPad Manager application running on your computer and the operating system running
on your ClassPad to make sure they are compatible with each other. For details, see the
ClassPad Manager User’s Guide.
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Chapter
Using the Presentation
Application
The Presentation application lets you capture screenshots of
other application windows. Screenshots can be used in the
classroom or for other presentations simply by connecting the
ClassPad to an OHP projector.
11
11-1 Presentation Application Overview
11-2 Building a Presentation
11-3 Managing Presentation Files
11-4 Playing a Presentation
11-5 Editing Presentation Pages
11-6 Configuring Presentation Preferences
11-7 Presentation File Transfer Precautions
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11-1-1
Presentation Application Overview
11-1 Presentation Application Overview
The Presentation application lets you capture screenshots produced by the ClassPad, and
arrange them into a “presentation” that you can play back. With this application you can build
and play a presentation, and edit the contents of a presentation. A presentation, for example,
can show how to obtain intermediate and final results of calculation operations.
Specifically, the Presentation application can be used as follows.
• A teacher can use Presentation to create materials that explain mathematical concepts, and
distribute them to students.
• A student can use Presentation as a tool to present reports, assignments, and projects.
• Students and teachers can use Presentation to store ClassPad screenshots for later
reference.
...
Sample Presentation
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Presentation Application Overview
Starting Up the Presentation Application
Use the following procedure to start up the Presentation application.
u ClassPad Operation
On the application menu, tap P.
Presentation Application Window
Tapping P on the application menu starts the Presentation application and displays its
initial screen.
File name
Number of
pages
File number
File list
Soft
keyboard
Initial Screen
• Files are numbered P1 through P20. These numbers are fixed and cannot be changed.
When creating a new presentation file, you can input the file name you want.
• The soft keyboard is automatically displayed when you open the Presentation application.
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Presentation Application Overview
Presentation Application Menus and Buttons
This section explains the operations you can perform using the menus and buttons of the
Presentation application’s initial screen.
k Initial Screen Menu Commands and Buttons
Tap this Or select this
To do this:
button: menu item:
Delete the selected presentation file (page 11-3-1)
Delete all presentation files (page 11-3-1)
–
–
Edit - Delete
Edit - Delete All
Enter the Editing mode and display the editing tool palette
(page 11-5-1)
0
Tools
Start auto play (page 11-4-1)
6
7
Play -AutoPlay
Start manual play (page 11-4-2)
Play - ManualPlay
Insert a white screen at the end of the selected presentation
file (page 11-2-3)
–
–
a - White Screen
a - Add
Append PICT data to the end of the selected presentation
file (page 11-2-3)
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11-1-4
Presentation Application Overview
Screen Capture Precautions
Note the following precautions when capturing screens for a presentation.
• The operation that is performed when you tap h depends on the current [Hard Copy]
setting as described below.
When the [Hard Copy] setting is this:
To outer device
Tapping h does this:
Sends the screenshot to an external device.
Adds the screenshot to a presentation file.
Presentation
To change the [Hard Copy] setting, tap O, [Settings], [Setup] and then [Presentation] or
[Communication]. For more information, see “Presentation Dialog Box” on page 14-3-7.
• Tapping h will capture either the full screen or half the screen, depending on how you
have Presentation preferences configured. For more information, see “11-6 Configuring
Presentation Preferences”.
• Screen capture is disabled when any of the following conditions exists.
• While a calculation, graph draw, or similar operation is in progress
• While a data communication operation is in progress
• While the stylus (or your finger or other object) is in contact with the screen
• In addition to the conditions detailed above, screen capture may be disabled by other
operations that have a higher priority than screen capture.
• The status bar is not included in screen captures when [Hard Copy] setting is
“Presentation”.
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Building a Presentation
11-2 Building a Presentation
Presentations are created by capturing screenshots that are produced by the applications of
the ClassPad. Before actually beginning to capture the screenshots, it is important to
carefully think about and plan the type of information you want to include in your presentation
so that your screenshots display the information that you want.
This is not to say, however, that you must create a perfect presentation the first time around.
You can always change the sequence of pages or edit a pages at any time.
u To create a new presentation
(1) On the application menu, tap P to start the Presentation application.
(2) Tap O, [Settings], [Setup], and then [Presentation].
(3) On the Presentation dialog box that appears, select “Presentation” for the [Hard Copy]
setting. Tap [Set] to accept the change.
• For details about Setup, see “14-2 Using the Setup Menu”.
(4) On the file list, tap the line (P1 through P20) where you want to store the new
presentation file.
• This causes a cursor to appear on the line you tap.
(5) Enter up to eight bytes for the presentation file name, and then tap w.
• Check to make sure that the file name you just input is selected (button is on).
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Building a Presentation
(6) Tap m to display the application menu, and then start the application whose screens
you want to capture.
(7) Perform the required operations in the application to display the screen you want to
capture.
(8) With the screen you want to capture on the display, tap h.
• The currently displayed screen is captured as soon as you tap h. Its image isadded
to the pages of the presentation file you selected in step (5).
• If the capture is successful, “ ” appears in the status bar for about one second.
(9) Repeat steps (7) and (8) to capture other screens as required.
• Note that you can change to other applications as required.
(10) After capturing all of the images you want, tap m to display the application menu, and
then tap
to return to the Presentation application.
P
This value shows how many pages
(images) you have captured and added
to the presentation.
• Even after you return to the Presentation application, you can restart screen capture
to add more pages. To do so, simply return to step (6) of this procedure.
(11) To check the current contents of the presentation, tap 6.
• This starts auto play, which scrolls through the pages of the new presentation
automatically. For more information, see “Using Auto Play” on page 11-4-1.
Adding a Blank Page to a Presentation
Perform the procedure on page 11-2-3 when you want to add a blank page to the end of a
presentation. After adding a blank page, you can put text on it or move it to another location
inside the presentation.
You can use blank pages to indicate the end of a presentation, to separate a presentation
into sections, or to insert commentary text.
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Building a Presentation
u To insert a blank page into a presentation
(1) On the Presentation application initial screen, tap the button next to the presentation
file into which you want to insert the blank page, so it is selected.
This file is selected
Button
(2) Tap a and then [White Screen].
• This inserts a blank page as the final page of the presentation file you selected in step
(1), and increases the number of pages for the presentation by one.
Tip
• For information about inserting text and moving the blank page, see “11-5 Editing Presentation
Pages”.
u To append PICT data to the end of a presentation
(1) On the Presentation application initial screen, tap the button next to the presentation
file where you want to append the PICT data so it is selected.
(2) Tap a and then [Add].
• This displays the Select Data dialog box.
(3) On the Select Data dialog box, select the folder where the PICT data you want to insert
is stored, and specify the name of the date.
(4) Tap [OK].
• This closes the Select Data dialog box and appends the PICT data to the end of the
presentation.
Tip
• If the size of the PICT data is different from the ClassPad display size, the upper left corner of the
PICT data is aligned with the upper left corner of the ClassPad display, and any data that does
not fit is cut off.
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Managing Presentation Files
11-3 Managing Presentation Files
After you create a presentation file, you can rename it or delete it.
u To rename a presentation file
(1) On the Presentation application initial screen, tap the name of the file you want to
rename so it is selected.
(2) Press e.
• This causes a cursor to appear to the right of the last character of the file name.
(3) Change the file name.
• A file name can be up to eight bytes long.
(4) After the file name is the way you want, tap w.
u To delete a single presentation file
(1) On the Presentation application initial screen, tap the button next to the name of the file
you want to delete so it is selected.
(2) Tap [Edit] and then [Delete].
(3) In response to the confirmation message that appears, tap [OK].
• This deletes the file you selected in step (1).
u
To delete all presentation files
(1) Display the Presentation application initial screen.
(2) Tap [Edit] and then [Delete All].
(3) In response to the confirmation message that appears, tap [OK].
• This deletes all of the presentation files.
• A presentation file is actually a user folder, so presentation files appear as folders on the
Variable Manager folder list.
Variable Manager Folder List
Presentation File List
For details about using the Variable Manager, see “1-8 Using the Variable Manager”.
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11-3-2
Managing Presentation Files
Important!
• PICT format image data files (PICT data type variables) captured with the h icon are
stored in folder that is created when you create a Presentation file.
• The “Presystm” folder (whose contents you can view with the Variable Manager) contains
files for managing presentations. Normally, you should never edit or delete the “Presystm”
folder or any of its contents. Doing so makes it impossible to play back any presentation
files currently in ClassPad memory. If you do delete the “Presystm” folder and need to
restore it, perform the following steps.
1. Create a new presentation file with a new name.
2. Use the add function to add the presentation data you can no longer play back because
of the deleted “Presystm” folder to the new presentation file.
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11-4-1
Playing a Presentation
11-4 Playing a Presentation
This section explains the various methods you can use to play a presentation.
Using Auto Play
With auto play, the pages of the presentation are scrolled automatically at a fixed interval.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the Presentation application initial screen,
tap the button next to the presentation
file you want to play, so it is selected.
Button
This file is selected
(2) Tap 6, or tap [Play] and then [AutoPlay].
• This starts auto play, which displays the
pages of the presentation in sequence.
Current page number Total number of pages
(3) When playback reaches the final page it stops, and then the Presentation application
initial screen appears.
• To stop an auto play operation part way through, press the c key.
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Playing a Presentation
Tip
• You can configure Presentation preferences to specify the page change speed and to turn page
number display in the status bar on or off. For more information, see “11-6 Configuring Presenta-
tion Preferences”.
• You can also configure auto play so it repeats when the final page of a presentation is reached.
For more information, see “Using Repeat Play” on page 11-4-3.
Using Manual Play
With manual play, you control when page change operations are performed during presenta-
tion play. Manual play lets you scroll forward or back through presentation pages, and you
can display a pointer on a page.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the Presentation application initial screen, tap the button next to the presentation
file you want to play, so it is selected.
(2) Tap 7, or tap [Play] and then [ManualPlay].
• This starts manual play, which displays the first page of the presentation.
Page scroll buttons
(3) You can perform the following operations while a manual play operation is in progress.
When you want to do this: Do this:
Advance to the next page
Tap the
cursor key
page scroll button or press the c
page scroll button or press the f
Return to the previous page Tap the
cursor key
Tap anywhere on the screen
Display a round pointer
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11-4-3
Playing a Presentation
(4) Tapping
• Tapping
while the final page of the presentation is displayed causes the message
“End of Files” to appear in the status bar.
while the message “End of Files” is in the status bar exits the manual
while “End of
play operation and displays the Presentation initial screen. Tapping
Files” is in the status bar returns you to the final page of the presentation and
continues the manual play operation.
Tip
• You can turn display of the page number in the status bar on and off. For more information, see
“11-6 Configuring Presentation Preferences”.
Using Repeat Play
Repeat play causes auto play to restarts the presentation from the beginning each time the
final page of a presentation is reached.
Use the Presentation dialog box (page 11-6-1) to turn repeat play on or off.
The initial default setting is repeat play off.
The following describes how repeat play works for auto play.
k Repeat Auto Play
• When the final page of the presentation is reached, the presentation is restarted from the
first page.
• The presentation continues playing until you press the c key to stop it.
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11-5-1
Editing Presentation Pages
11-5 Editing Presentation Pages
This section explains how to use the Editing mode of the Presentation application to modify
the pages of an existing presentation.
About the Editing Tool Palette
An editing tool palette appears on the display whenever you enter the Editing mode. The
following describes how to use the editing tool palette.
Tap this tool
button:
To do this:
Move the currently displayed page one page back
Move the currently displayed page one page forward
Delete the currently displayed page
8
9
e
t
y
-
u
i
o
}
{
=
Copy the currently displayed page
Paste a copied page into the location before the currently displayed page
Delete the lower half of the screen
Insert text into a page
Draw a straight line on a page
Draw an arrow on a page
Use the eraser
Save a page after editing it
Exit the Editing mode and return to the Presentation application initial screen
Entering the Editing Mode
Perform the following steps to enter the Editing mode when you want to edit the pages of an
existing presentation.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the Presentation application initial screen, tap the button next to the presentation
file you want to edit, so it is selected.
(2) Tap 0, or tap [Tools].
• This enters the Editing mode and displays the editing tool palette and page scroll
buttons. Page 1 of the presentation file you selected in step (1) appears first.
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Editing Presentation Pages
Editing tool palette
Page scroll buttons
(3) Use the editing tool palette buttons to edit the pages.
• For details about editing operations, see “Editing Operations” on page 11-5-3.
• You can drag the editing tool palette and page scroll buttons to any location on the display.
Simply use the stylus to drag the handle of the palette or buttons.
Handle
u To exit the Editing mode
On the editing tool palette, tap = or press c to exit the Editing mode and return to
the Presentation application initial screen.
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11-5-3
Editing Presentation Pages
Editing Operations
This section provides details about the page editing operations you can perform with the
Presentation application’s editing tool palette.
u To move a page
(1) Enter the Editing mode of the Presentation application (page 11-5-1).
(2) Use the page scroll buttons to display the page you want to move.
(3) Tap 8 to move the currently displayed page back one page, or tap 9 to move it
forward one page.
• The illustrations below show the effect of tapping 8 or 9 while page C of a five-
page presentation file is selected.
A
A
C
B
C
A
C
D
D
D
E
E
E
A
A
A
B
B
B
C
D
C
E
E
E
C
8
9
B
D
8
9
B
D
u To delete a page
(1) Enter the Editing mode of the Presentation application (page 11-5-1).
(2) Use the page scroll buttons to display the page you want to delete.
(3) Tap e.
(4) In response to the confirmation dialog box that appears, tap [OK] to delete the page or
[Cancel] to cancel.
• This deletes the currently displayed page and then displays the following page.
Deleting the final page of a presentation displays the page preceding the deleted
page.
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11-5-4
Editing Presentation Pages
u To copy and paste a page
(1) Enter the Editing mode of the Presentation application (page 11-5-1).
(2) Use the page scroll buttons to display the page you want to copy, and then tap t.
• This copies the currently displayed page to the clipboard.
(3) Use the page scroll buttons to display the page that you want to follow the copied page.
• The illustrations below show the effect of copying page E of a five-page presentation
file and pasting it between pages B and C.
A
B
C
D
E
A
B
E
C
D
E
(4) Tap y.
• This pastes the page at the location in front of the currently displayed page.
u To insert text into a page
(1) Enter the Editing mode of the Presentation application (page 11-5-1).
(2) Use the page scroll buttons to display the page into which you want to insert text, and
then tap u.
• This displays a text input dialog box along with a soft keyboard.
(3) Enter the text and then tap [OK].
• In this example we input the text “full-screen”.
(4) Place the stylus on the screen and hold it there.
• This causes the text you input in step (3) to appear at the location where you are
pointing with the stylus.
(5) Drag the text to the location you want, and then lift the stylus from the screen.
Inserted text
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11-5-5
Editing Presentation Pages
(6) To save the result of the text insert operation, tap { and then tap [OK] on the
confirmation dialog box that appears.
u To clear the bottom half of the screen
(1) Enter the Editing mode of the Presentation application (page 11-5-1).
(2) Use the page scroll buttons to display the page whose bottom half you want to clear.
(3) Tap -.
• This clears the bottom half of the displayed page.
(4) To save the result of the operation, tap { and then tap [OK] on the confirmation dialog
box that appears.
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11-5-6
Editing Presentation Pages
u To draw a straight line or an arrow on a page
(1) Enter the Editing mode of the Presentation application (page 11-5-1).
(2) Use the page scroll buttons to display the page on which you want to draw a straight
line or arrow.
(3) Tap i if you want to draw a line or o if you want to draw an arrow.
(4) Tap the point where you want one end of the line segment or arrow to be, and then tap
the point where you want the other end to be.
• A line segment or arrow appears between the points you tapped.
• If you are drawing an arrow, the arrow head appears on the end you specify last.
Example of an arrow
(5) To save the result of the draw operation, tap { and then tap [OK] on the confirmation
dialog box that appears.
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11-5-7
Editing Presentation Pages
Using the Eraser
The eraser allows you to erase parts of an image, text, arrows, or lines you have added to a
page.
u To erase part of a page with the eraser
(1) Enter the Editing mode of the Presentation application (page 11-5-1).
(2) Use the page scroll arrows to display the page that contains the figures you want to
erase.
(3) Tap }.
Important!
• Whenever the } tool button is selected, dragging the stylus across the screen erases
a 3 × 3-pixel area (centered on the stylus).
(4) Drag the eraser across the screen to erase the figures you want.
(5) To save the result of the erase operation, tap {, and then tap [OK] on the confirma-
tion dialog box that appears.
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11-6-1
Configuring Presentation Preferences
11-6 Configuring Presentation Preferences
You can use the procedure below to configure various Presentation application preferences.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the [Settings] menu, tap [Setup] and then [Presentation].
• This displays the Presentation dialog box.
(2) Use the Presentation dialog box to configure the preferences you want.
To do this:
Do this:
Send hard copy data generated by tapping Select [To outer device].*
h to an external device
Save hard copy data internally as
Presentation data
Select [Presentation].
Specify the page change speed for Auto
Play
Specify a [Play Speed] value from 1
(fastest) to 10 (slowest).
Capture the upper half of the screen when Select the [Half Screen Capturing] check
h is tapped
box.
Capture the entire screen when
is tapped
Clear the [Half Screen Capturing] check
box.*
h
Turn on repeat playback of files during
Auto Play
Select the [Repeat] check box.
Turn off repeat playback of files during
Auto Play
Clear the [Repeat] check box.*
Turn on page number display during
playback and editing
Select the [Page Number] check box.*
Clear the [Page Number] check box.
Turn off page number display during
playback and editing
• Items marked with an asterisk (*) are initial defaults. The initial default [Play Speed]
setting is 4.
(3) To close the dialog box and apply its settings, tap [Set]. To close the dialog box without
applying its settings, tap [Cancel] or the
box.
button in the upper right corner of the dialog
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11-6-2
Configuring Presentation Preferences
Tip
• The following examples show the area of the screen that is captured when you tap h while the
[Half Screen Capturing] check box is selected. The captured areas are indicated by the thick
boundaries in each example.
Sample Screenshot
Captured Image Data
Captured Image Data
Sample Screenshot
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11-7-1
Presentation File Transfer Precautions
11-7 Presentation File Transfer Precautions
Note the following important precautions when transferring a presentation file to another
ClassPad unit or to a computer.
• A presentation file is actually a kind of user folder (called a “presentation folder”) that
contains the images that make up the presentation. Every time you create a presentation
the Presentation application also generates files for managing it, and stores the files in a
folder named “Presystm”.
• Whenever you transfer a presentation to another ClassPad unit or a computer, be sure to
include both its presentation folder and the “Presystm” folder. The presentation will not be
able to play correctly on the destination device if you do not transfer the proper folders
correctly.
Caution
• Transferring a “Presystm” folder from one ClassPad unit to another causes the “Presystm”
folder on the receiving unit to be replaced by the received “Presystm” folder. This effectively
deletes all of the presentation files currently in the memory of the receiving unit. If you do
not want to lose your Presentation data, be sure to back the contents of your ClassPad
memory before receiving a presentation folder or “Presystm” folder from another source.
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Chapter
Using the Program
Application
The Program application comes in handy when you need to
perform the same calculation a number of times. You can create
programs that automate graphing and other operations.
12-1 Program Application Overview
12-2 Creating a New Program
12-3 Debugging a Program
12-4 Managing Files
12
12-5 User-defined Functions
12-6 Program Command Reference
12-7 Including ClassPad Functions in Programs
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12-1-1
Program Application Overview
12-1 Program Application Overview
The Program application consists of a Program Editor for inputting and editing programs,
and a Program Loader for loading and executing existing programs.
Starting Up the Program Application
Use the following procedure to start up the Program application.
u ClassPad Operation
On the application menu, tap p.
This starts the Program application and displays the Program Loader window.
Program Loader Window
Use the Program Loader window to recall and run existing programs.
u To display the Program Loader window
On the application menu, tap p to start up the Program application. The Program Loader
window appears when you start up the Program application.
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12-1-2
Program Application Overview
k Program Loader Window Menus and Buttons
Tap this
button:
Or select this
menu item:
To do this:
Display the [Settings] menu
Display the soft keyboard
—
O - Settings
—
—
O - Keyboard
Display the Program Loader window
Display the Program Editor window
Display the Program Output window
Display the Text File Contents window
Display the Main application work area window
Close the currently active window
Display the Program Editor window
Create a new file
O - Program Loader
O - Program Editor
O - Program Output
O - Text File Contents
O - Main
P
_
—
~
—
O - Close
Edit - Open Editor
P
O
Edit - New File
Open an existing file
Edit - Open File
Edit - Clear All
~
—
Clear the screen
Run a program
Run - Run Program
p
5
O - Settings -
Display the Variable Manager (page 1-8-1)
Variable Manager
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12-1-3
Program Application Overview
Program Editor Window
You can use the Program Editor window to input a new program or to edit an existing
program. You can also use the Program Editor window to input and edit user-defined
functions.
u To display the Program Editor window
(1) On the application menu, tap p to start up the Program application.
(2) On the window that appears, tap P, or tap O and then [Program Editor].
File name
Parameter variables
This box can be used to
specify variable names
used in user-defined
functions or programs.
For details, see
“Configuring Parameter
Variables and Inputting
Their Values” on page
12-2-7.
File type
N: Program file
T: Text file
F: User-defined
function file
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12-1-4
Program Application Overview
k Program Editor Window Menus and Buttons
The following describes the menu and button operations you can perform on the Program
Editor window.
To do this:
Tap this button: Or select this menu item:
—
Display the [Settings] menu
Display the soft keyboard
- Settings
- Keyboard
—
- Program Loader
- Program Editor
- Program Output
- Text File Contents
Display the Program Loader window
Display the Program Editor window
Display the Program Output window
Display the Text File Contents window
)
—
_
—
Display the Main application work area
window
- Main
—
- Close
—
Close the currently active window
Create a new file
Edit - New File
O
~
Open an existing file
Save a file
Edit - Open File
Edit - Save File
{
—
—
Save a file under a new name
Close a file
Edit - Save As
Edit - Close File
Convert a file to a program file
Edit - Mode Change - 'Normal
Edit - Mode Change - 'Text
—
—
Convert a file to a text file
Convert a file to a edit prohibited
program file
Edit - Compress
Edit - Cut
—
Put a selection onto the clipboard and
delete the original
r
t
Put a selection onto the clipboard without
affecting the original
Edit - Copy
Paste the clipboard contents
Edit - Paste
y
—
Select everything on the screen
Search for a newly specified text string
Edit - Select All
Edit - Search - New Search
e
r
Search again for a previously specified
text string
Edit - Search - Search Next
Jump to the beginning of a program
Jump to the end of a program
—
—
Edit - Search - Jump to Top
Edit - Search - Jump to Bottom
Clear the contents of the Program Editor
window
Edit - Clear All
—
Display the Variable Manager
(page 1-8-1)
- Settings -
Variable Manager
5
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12-1-5
Program Application Overview
To do this:
Select this sub-menu item: Select this menu item:
Ctrl - :
—
—
Input a command from the
[Ctrl] menu
• For details about each
command, see “12-6
Program Command
Reference”.
Ctrl - ⇒
Ctrl - Jump
Lbl, Goto
Ctrl - If
Ctrl - For
Ctrl - Do
If, Then, ElseIf, Else, IfEnd
For, To, Step, Next
Do, LpWhile
Ctrl - While
Ctrl - Switch
While, WhileEnd
Switch, Case, Default,
SwitchEnd
Ctrl - Control
Ctrl - Logic
Skip, Return, Break, Stop,
Wait, Pause
=, ≠, <, >, s, t, and, or, xor,
not
Ctrl - Misc
I/O - Input
’, ”, Define
Input, InputStr, InputFunc,
GetKey, GetPen
Input a command from the
[I/O] menu
I/O - Output
I/O - Display
Print, Locate, Message,
PrintNatural
• For details about each
command, see “12-6
Program Command
Reference”.
DispText, DispFTable,
DispSmryTbl, DispSeqTbl,
DispDfrTbl, DispQutTbl,
DispDQTbl, DispFibTbl,
DispListEditor, DispStat
DrawGraph, DrawFTGCon,
DrawFTGPlot,
I/O - Draw
DrawSeqCon, DrawSeqPlt,
DrawSeqEtrCon,
DrawSeqEtrPlt,
DrawConics, Draw3D,
DrawStat
Plot, PlotChg, PlotOff,
PlotOn, plotTest, PxlChg,
PxlOff, PxlOn, pxlTest,
Distance, Line, Circle,
Horizontal, Vertical,
TangentLine, NormalLine,
Inverse, Text
I/O - Sketch
I/O - Clear
Cls, ClrText, ClrGraph
I/O - Communication
OpenComPort38k,
CloseComPort38k,
Send38k, Receive38k,
SendVar38k, GetVar38k
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12-1-6
Program Application Overview
To do this:
Select this sub-menu item: Select this menu item:
Input a command from the
[Misc] menu
• For details about each
command, see “12-6
Program Command
Reference”.
Misc - Statistics(1)
StatGraph, StatGraphSel,
Scatter, xyLine, NPPlot,
Histogram, MedBox,
ModBox, NDist, Broken,
LinearR, MedMed, QuadR,
CubicR, QuartR, LogR,
ExpR, abExpR, PowerR,
SinR, LogisticR
Misc - Statistics(2)
Square, Cross, Ldot, Dot,
DefaultListEditor
Misc - Graph&Table(1)
GraphType, GTSelOn,
GTSelOff, SmryTSelOn,
ViewWindow, LogP,
CallUndef, ZFactor, ZAuto,
PTCross, PTDot,
PTNormal, PTSquare,
PTBrokenThck, PTThick,
SheetActive, SheetName,
ClearSheet
Misc - Graph&Table(2)
StoGMem, StoPict,
StoVWin, RclGMem,
RclPict, RclVWin
Misc - Sequence
Misc - 3D Graph
SeqSelOn, SeqSelOff,
SeqType
SelOn3D, SheetName3D,
SheetActive3D,
ViewWindow3D,
ClearSheet3D
Misc - Variable
NewFolder, DelFolder,
LockFolder, UnlockFolder,
GetFolder, SetFolder,
MoveVar, CopyVar,
Rename, DelVar,
Clear_a_z, Lock, Unlock,
GetType, Local
Misc - String
ChrToNum, ExpToStr,
NumToChr, NumToStr,
StrJoin, StrCmp, StrInv,
StrLeft, StrLen, StrLwr,
StrMid, StrRight, StrRotate,
StrShift, StrSrc, strToExp,
StrUpr, #
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12-1-7
Program Application Overview
To do this:
Select this sub-menu item: Select this menu item:
Input a command from the
[Misc] menu
• For details about each
command, see “12-6
Program Command
Reference”.
Misc - Setup(1)
Misc - Setup(2)
On, Off, DefaultSetup,
SetStandard, SetDecimal,
SetReal, SetComplex,
SetDegree, SetRadian,
SetNormal, SetFix, SetSci
SetDrawCon, SetDrawPlt,
SetSimulGraph,
SetDispGCon, SetAxes,
SetBG, SetCoord, SetDeriv,
SetFunc, SetGrid,
SetLabel, SetLeadCursor,
SetTVariable, TableInput,
SetSmryTable, VWin,
SetSmryTableQD
Misc - Setup(3)
SetStatWinAuto,
SetCellWidth,
SetSequence, StepDisp,
Set∑disp, SetAxes3D, Box,
SetCoordOff3D,
SetCoordPol3D,
SetCoordRect3D,
SetLabel3D
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12-2-1
Creating a New Program
12-2 Creating a New Program
This section explains the steps you need to perform in order to create a new program.
General Programming Steps
The following are the general steps for creating and running a program.
1. Open a new file.
• Tap O, or select the [Edit] menu and then [New File].
2. Input a name and tap [OK].
3. Input the expressions and commands that make up the program.
4. Input display commands as required into the program.
If you do not include display commands in your program, calculation results will not appear
on the display.
5. Save the program.
6. Display the Program Loader window by tapping ).
7. Run the program by tapping p, or by selecting the [Run] menu and then [Run Program].
Creating and Saving a Program
Example: To create a program named “OCTA” that calculates the surface areas (cm2) and
volumes (cm3) of three regular octahedrons, the lengths of whose sides are 7, 10,
and 15 cm
The following formulas calculate the surface area S and volume V of a
regular octahedron for which the length of side A is known.
2
S = 2 3 A2, V = –––– A3
A
3
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12-2-2
Creating a New Program
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Tap m to display the application menu, and then p.
(2) Tap O, or tap [Edit] and then [New File].
(3) Configure the settings for the new file as described below.
• Leave the [Type] setting as “Program(Normal)”.
• Tap the [Folder] down arrow button and then select the name of the folder where you
want to save the program file.
• In the [Name] box, use the soft keyboard to input up to eight bytes for the program file
name.
(4) Tap [OK].
(5) Input the necessary expressions and commands.
• Each mathematical expression and command must
be followed either by a carriage return or colon (:).
uTo input the “SetDecimal” command
On the menu bar, tap [Misc], [Setup(1)] and then
[SetDecimal].
uTo input the “Input” and “Print” commands
On the menu bar, tap [I/O] and then select the command you want to input.
[I/O] [Input] [Input]
[I/O] [Output] [Print]
uTo input the variable name “A”
On the soft keyboard 0 tab, tap E and then A.
uTo input a carriage return
Tap w or press E.
Inputting a carriage return causes the cursor to move to the beginning of the next line.
No carriage return symbol appears on the display.
uTo input values and symbols
On the soft keyboard 9 tab, tap the value or symbol you want.
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12-2-3
Creating a New Program
(6) After the program is the way you want, tap {, or tap [Edit] and then [Save File] to
save it.
• To run this program see “Running a Program” on page 12-2-5.
• If a message appears when you try to save the program, make the necessary
corrections and try again. For details about making corrections to a program,
see “12-3 Debugging a Program”.
Tip
• The file name you input in step (3) of the above procedure is subject to the same rules as folder
names. For more information, see “Folder Name Rules” on page 1-7-5.
• Tapping [Cancel] in step (3) of the above procedure returns you to the Program Editor window.
• To input a program and save it without running it, perform the above procedure up to step (6),
and then tap [Edit] and then [Close File].
• When you close a program containing changes since you last saved the file, a dialog box
appears asking if you would like to save your changes.
• If the “WARNING! Save changes?” dialog box appears, perform one of the operations described
below.
To do this:
Tap this button:
Save and close the program
Yes
Close the program without saving
Return to the Program Editor window without saving the program
No
Cancel
Tapping [Yes] or [No] causes the message “No File” to appear on the display.
• You can use a calculation result obtained within a program in another calculation by using the S
command to assign the result to a variable. Then simply include the variable name in subsequent
calculations. Note that calculation results produced within programs are not stored in ans
memory.
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12-2-4
Creating a New Program
k Specifying the File Type
Tapping O or tapping [Edit] and then [New File] on the Program Editor window displays the
dialog box shown above.
Tap the [Type] down arrow button and then select one of the options described below from
the list of options that appears.
To specify this type of file:
Program file
Select this option:
Program(Normal)
Program(Text)
Function
Text file
User-defined function file
Tip
• For information about text files, see “Using Text Files” below.
• For information about user-defined functions, see page 12-5-1.
• Program files can be converted to text files, and vice versa. For more information, see “12-4
Managing Files”.
k Using Text Files
• Running a text file from the Program Loader window displays the contents of the file.
• Inserting a text file name inside a program causes the contents of the text file to be
displayed when execution reaches the name.
Example:
File Name: “CAUTION”
Program that displays contents of
“CAUTION” file
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12-2-5
Creating a New Program
Running a Program
The following procedure shows how to run the sample program we input under “Creating and
Saving a Program” on page 12-2-1.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Display the Program Loader window.
• From the Program Editor window, tap ), or tap O and then [Program Loader].
• From another application, tap m and then p.
• This causes the Program Loader window to appear.
(2) Tap the [Folder] down arrow button, and then select the name of the folder you want.
(3) Tap the [Name] down arrow button, and then tap
the name of the file you input in step (3) of the
example on page 12-2-2.
(4) Tap p, or tap [Run] and then [Run Program] to
run the program.
(5) Input a side length of 7 and tap [OK] twice.
7 [OK] [OK]
(6) Tap the Program Loader window and repeat steps (4) and (5) for sides of length 10 and
15.
p10 [OK] [OK]
p15 [OK] [OK]
Tip
• In step (4) of the above procedure, you can specify parameters before running the program.
For more information, see “Configuring Parameter Variables and Inputting Their Values” on page
12-2-7.
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12-2-6
Creating a New Program
Pausing Program Execution
You can specify where execution of a program should pause by including either a Pause
command or a Wait command inside the program.
k Using the Pause Command
A Pause command causes program execution to pause when it reaches that point. To
resume program execution, tap the
also cause the button to disappear).
button on the right side of the status bar (which will
Example
k Using the Wait Command
The syntax of the Wait command is: WaitⅪ<seconds>. When program execution reaches
the Wait command, it pauses for the specified number of seconds and then resumes
automatically. If you do not specify a value for the number of seconds, execution remains
paused until you tap the screen or press a key.
Tip
• To input the Pause or Wait command, tap [Ctrl] on the menu bar, tap [Control], and then select
the command you want.
Terminating Program Execution
Pressing c while a program is running terminates the program.
Tip
• Pressing c does not terminate the program if program execution is already paused by the
Pause command (indicated by
execution, and then press c.
on the status bar). In this case, tap
to resume program
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12-2-7
Creating a New Program
Configuring Parameter Variables and Inputting Their Values
If you input the names of variables used in a program into the parameter variable box when
inputting or editing a program on the Program Editor window, you will be able to input values
for the variables on the Program Loader window when you run the program.
Example
Parameter variable box
Indicates variables named “A” and
“B” are used within the program.
When running the program, inputting
values for “A” and “B” calculates the
total of the two values.
Program Input
Parameter value input box
Inputting 1, 2 before running the program assigns
A = 1 and B = 2.
Executing the program produces the result
A + B = 1 + 2 = 3.
Program Loader window
Tip
• When running a program that includes parameter variables, be sure to correctly specify the
values of the parameters. An error will occur if the number of values you input is not consistent
with the number of parameter variables.
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12-2-8
Creating a New Program
k Local Variables
A local variable is a variable that can be created temporarily and used in a program. Use the
Local command to create a local variable.
Syntax: LocalⅪ<variable name> (Ⅺ indicates a space.)
Example: Local abc
The above creates a local variable named “abc”.
Tip
• Local variables are deleted automatically after execution of a program is complete.
• Note that local variables are stored in their own special folder, so local variable names do not
affect the names of other variables in ClassPad memory. Because of this, you do not need to
worry if you assign a local variable a name that is already being used by another type of variable.
• Variables that are specified as parameter variables within a program are automatically treated as
local variables. Variables created with the Define command are also automatically treated as
local variables.
Using Subroutines
Including the name of another program file inside of a program causes execution to jump to
the specified program file. The program that execution jumps from is called the “main
program”, while the program to which execution jumps is called a “subroutine”.
When program execution returns to the main program, it resumes from the point immediately
after the command that jumped to the subroutine.
Tip
• Note that any program can be a subroutine. The thing that makes any program a subroutine is
being jumped to from another program.
Main Program
Subroutines
D
A
D ( )
C ( )
C
E
I
J
E ( )
I ( )
J ( )
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4
Subroutines can be used in a variety of ways to help make calculations easier. Let’s say you
have a formula that needs to be calculated more than once in a program, or that needs to be
calculated by a number of different programs. Simply store the formula as a separate
program file (subroutine), and then you can jump to the program file that contains the
formula whenever you need it.
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12-2-9
Creating a New Program
Example 1: Jumping to a subroutine without assigning values to the subroutine’s parameter
variables
Main Program
Input A
Input B
Sub1( ) ← Jumps to subroutine program “Sub1”
Print C
Subroutine (Program Name: “Sub1”)
A+B S C
Return
Example 2: Jumping to a subroutine while assigning values to the subroutine’s parameter
variables
• In this example, the main program assigns values to parameter variable “E” in a subroutine
named “Sub1”, and to parameter variables “F” and “G” in a subroutine named “Sub2”.
Main Program
Input A
Input B
Sub1(A)
← Assigns the value of main program variable “A” to the parameter variable (E) in
subroutine “Sub1”, and then jumps to subroutine “Sub1”.
Print C
Sub2(A,B) ← Assigns the values of main program variables “A” and “B” to the parameter
variables (F and G) in subroutine “Sub2”, and then jumps to subroutine “Sub2”.
Print D
Subroutine Program 1 (Program Name “Sub1”)
E × 2 S C ← Requires input of variable name E into the parameter variable box.
Return
Subroutine Program 2 (Program Name “Sub2”)
F + G S D ← Requires input of variable names F and G into the parameter variable box.
Return
Tip
• The subroutine does not need to be located in the current folder. To specify a subroutine named
“Sub1” that is located in a folder named “f1”, for example, you would specify “f1\Sub1()”.
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12-3-1
Debugging a Program
12-3 Debugging a Program
A programming error that causes a program to behave in a manner not intended by the writer
of the program is called a “bug”. Finding and eliminating such errors is called “debugging the
program”.
Any of the following conditions can indicate that your program has a bug and requires
debugging.
• If an error message appears when you try to save the program
• If an error message appears when you try to run the program
• When a program produces some abnormal or unexpected result
Debugging After an Error Message Appears
When an error occurs, a dialog box appears to explain the cause of the error. Carefully read
the text of the error message and then tap its [OK] button. This closes the dialog box and
positions the cursor on at the location where the error occurred. Make the necessary
corrections in accordance with the explanation provided by the error message.
Tip
• If the cause of the error cannot be specified for some reason, tapping [OK] on the error message
dialog box displays the Program Loader window, without positioning the cursor at the location of
the error.
• In the case of a program for which editing is prohibited (a program for which “EXE” is indicated as
the variable data type), tapping [OK] on the error message dialog box displays the Program
Loader window, without positioning the cursor at the location of the error.
Debugging a Program Following Unexpected Results
If execution of a program produces unexpected or abnormal results, carefully read through
the program and correct errors as required.
The following commands can come in handy when debugging a program to locate
unexpected results.
To do this:
Execute this command:
Edit - Search - Jump to Top
Edit - Search - Jump to Bottom
Move the cursor to the beginning of the program
Move the cursor to the end of the program
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12-3-2
Debugging a Program
Modifying an Existing Program to Create a New One
You can use the procedure described below to recall an existing program, modify it, and then
run the result as a new program. This helps reduce key input requirements.
The following shows how to modify the “OCTA” program we created on page 12-2-1 to
handle tetrahedrons.
Example: To create a program named “TETRA” that calculates the surface areas (cm2) and
volumes (cm3) of three regular tetrahedrons, the lengths of whose sides are 7, 10,
and 15 cm
A
The following formulas calculate the surface area S and volume V of a
regular tetrahedron for which the length of one side A is known.
2
S = 3 A2, V = –––– A3
12
The following is the program required for this example.
Length of One Side A ........ Input A
Surface Area S .................. Print approx( (3) × A^2)
Volume V ........................... Print approx( (2) ÷ 12 × A^3)
The following is the “OCTA” program (page 12-2-1).
Length of One Side A ........ Input A
Surface Area S .................. Print approx(2 ×
(3) × A^2)
Volume V ........................... Print approx( (2) ÷ 3 × A^3)
A comparison of the two programs indicates that the following modifications of the “OCTA”
program will produce a program that performs the calculations required by this example.
• Delete “2×” (underlined with a wavy line above).
• Change 3 to 12 (underlined with double lines above).
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the application menu, tap p.
(2) Tap ~, or tap [Edit] and then [Open File].
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12-3-3
Debugging a Program
(3) Select the program you want to open and edit, as described below.
For this setting:
Do this:
Type
Tap the down arrow button, and then select
“Program(Normal)”.
Tap the down arrow button, and then select the folder that
contains the program you want to edit.
Folder
Name
Tap the down arrow button, and then select the name of the
program you want to open (OCTA).
(4) Tap [OK].
(5) Edit expressions and commands as required.
a. Change 2 ×
(3) × A^2 to
(3) × A^2
b. Change
(2)/3 × A^3 to
(2)/12 × A^3
c. Delete Pause
uTo delete data
Use the cursor key to move the cursor to the data you want to delete, and then press
K. Or, highlight the data you want to delete and press K.
uTo input data
Use the cursor key or stylus to move the cursor to the location where you want to
insert data, and then use the soft keyboard or the keypad to make the changes you
want.
(6) Save the new program.
uTo retain the original program and save the new program under a different
name
• Tap [Edit] and then [Save As].
• Use the soft keyboard to type the name you
want to assign to the new program into the
[Name] box.
• Tap [OK].
uTo replace the original program with the new program
• Tap {, or tap [Edit] and then [Save File].
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12-3-4
Debugging a Program
(7) After saving the program, tap ), or tap O and then [Program Loader] to display the
Program Loader window.
(8) On the dialog box that appears, tap the [Name] down arrow button, and then tap the
name of the file you input in step (6) (TETRA).
(9) Tap p, or tap [Run] and then [Run Program].
• This runs the program.
(10) Input 7 for the length of side A and tap [OK] twice.
7 [OK] [OK]
(11) Repeat steps (9) and (10) for sides of length 10 and 15.
p10 [OK] [OK]
p15 [OK] [OK]
Tip
• To edit a program and save it without running it, perform the above procedure up to step (7), and
then tap [Edit] and then [Close File]. If the “WARNING! Save changes?” dialog box appears,
perform one of the operations described below.
To do this:
Tap this button:
Save and close the program
Yes
Close the program without saving
Return to the Program Editor window without saving the program
No
Cancel
Tapping [Yes] or [No] causes the message “No File” to appear on the display.
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12-3-5
Debugging a Program
Searching for Data Inside a Program
You can search for data inside a program by specifying a keyword.
Example: To search for the letter “A” within the “OCTA” program
u ClassPad Operation
(1) From the Program Editor window, select the program you want to search (“OCTA” in
this example).
(2) Tap [Edit], [Search], and then [New Search]. Or, tap to scroll the toolbar and tap e.
• This displays a dialog box for inputting the search keyword.
(3) Enter the data you want to find and then tap [OK].
• This causes the cursor to appear in front of the data you specified (“A” in this
example).
(4) Tap [Edit], [Search], and then [Search Next]. Or, tap to scroll the toolbar and tap r.
• This causes the cursor to appear in front of the next instance of the data you
specified (“A” in this example).
(5) Repeat step (4) as many times as you want.
Tip
• The message “Not Found” appears if the keyword you specify does not exist in the program.
• The keyword you specify for [New Search] remains in effect until you close the Program Editor
window. Executing the [Search Next] command when there is no keyword specified by [New
Search] causes the error message “No word is specified” to appear.
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12-4-1
Managing Files
12-4 Managing Files
Renaming a File
Use the following procedure when you want to change the name of a file.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Tap 5 to display the Variable Manager.
• This displays a list of folders.
• You may need to tap the icon and scroll the toolbar to see the 5 icon.
(2) Tap the name of the folder that contains the file you want to rename.
• This displays all of the files/variables in the folder.
(3) Tap the name of the file you want to rename.
(4) Tap [Edit] and then [Rename].
• This displays a dialog box for inputting a file name.
(5) Enter the new file name and then tap [OK].
(6) Tap [Close] twice to close the Variable Manager.
Tip
• See “1-8 Using the Variable Manager”.
Deleting a Program
The following procedure deletes a program file name, which also deletes the program.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Tap 5 to display the Variable Manager.
• This displays a list of folders.
(2) Tap the name of the folder that contains the file you want to delete.
• This displays all of the files/variables in the folder.
(3) Select the check box next to the file you want to delete.
• You can select one file or multiple files for deletion.
(4) Tap [Edit] and then [Delete].
(5) On the confirmation dialog box that appears, tap [OK] to delete the selected file, or
[Cancel] to cancel the operation without deleting anything.
(6) Tap [Close] twice to close the Variable Manager.
Tip
• Be sure to close a file before you try to rename or delete it. Trying to rename or delete an open
file will cause an error.
• See “1-8 Using the Variable Manager”.
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12-4-2
Managing Files
Changing the File Type
You can use the following procedures to change the file type.
u To change a program file to a text file
While a program file is open, tap [Edit], [Mode Change], and then ['Text].
u To change a text file to a program file
While a text file is open, tap [Edit], [Mode Change], and then ['Normal].
Tip
• Note that the above operations are not possible while a user-defined function is open.
u To change an editable file to an edit prohibited program file
(1) Open the program file you want to make edit prohibited.
(2) Tap [Edit] and then [Compress].
• This displays a dialog box for inputting the backup file name. The backup file is a
copy of the original (editable) file, which you can keep on hand if you have trouble
changing an edit prohibited program file back to an editable file.
(3) Enter the backup file name and then tap [OK].
• This saves two copies of the file. One is an edit prohibited program file under the name of
the original (editable) file. The other is an editable backup file, which is created under the
name you specify in step (3), above.
Original File (editable): sample
Specified File Name:
Resulting Files:
sample2
sample (non-editable)
sample2 (editable)
• An edit prohibited program file cannot be opened from the Program Editor window.
• Edit prohibited program files are displayed in the Variable Manager as “EXE” type files.
• Tapping [Cancel] instead of [OK] in step (3) quits the procedure without changing the file
type.
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12-5-1
User-defined Functions
12-5 User-defined Functions
ClassPad lets you configure calculation operations as user-defined functions, which can then
be used inside of numeric expressions just like its built-in functions. User-defined functions
can also be called up in other applications.
• The Program Editor window is used for creating user-defined functions.
• User-defined functions are stored in ClassPad memory as “Function” type variables.
Naming, storage, and folder rules are identical to those for user variables.
Creating a New User-defined Function
This procedure is identical to that for storing a program.
• Anything you enter on the Program Editor window is stored as a user variable.
Example
• Function Name: f4
• Expression:
x × (x + 1) × (x – 2)
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the application menu, tap p.
(2) Tap O, or tap [Edit] and then [New File].
(3) On the screen that appears, configure the settings described below.
For this setting: Do this:
Type
Tap the down arrow button and then select “Function”.
Tap the [Folder] down arrow button and then select the name of
the folder where you want to save the user-defined function.
Folder
Name
Enter up to eight bytes for the user-defined function name.
(4) After everything is the way you want, tap [OK].
(5) Input the expression you want.
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12-5-2
User-defined Functions
Parameter variable
• Input user-defined function arguments as parameter
variables. For more information about parameter
variables, see page “Configuring Parameter Variables
and Inputting Their Values” on page 12-2-7.
(6) After the function is the way you want, tap {, or tap [Edit] and then [Save File] to save
it.
Tip
• A user-defined function can contain only a single mathematical expression.
An error “Invalid in a Function or Current Expression”occurs if a user-defined function contains
multiple expressions.
• A user-defined function cannot contain any command.
k Creating a User-defined Function Using the Define Command
The procedure below describes how to create a user-defined function by executing the
Define command from the Main application.
Syntax: DefineⅪ[<folder name>\ ]<function name>([<variable name>[,<variable name>...]])
=<expression>
• Items inside of brackets ([ ]) can be skipped.
• Ⅺ indicates a space.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the application menu, tap J.
(2) Press k, and then tap the ( (catalog) tab.
(3) On the catalog (cat) keyboard that appears, tap the [Form] down arrow button, and then
select [Cmd].
(4) Scroll the list of commands until the Define command is visible, and then tap Define to
select it.
(5) Tap [INPUT] to input the Define command.
(6) Input the function you want to define.
Example 1: Define folder1 \ f1(x) = 2x + 1 (where folder1 is an existing folder)
Example 2: Define f2(x, y) = 2x + 3y + 1
Example 3: Define sen(x) = sin (x)
(7) Tap w to store the function.
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12-5-3
User-defined Functions
Tip
• You can include up to 99 arguments in a function.
• If you do not specify a folder, the function is stored in the current folder.
• A function defined using the Define command can contain only a single expression. You cannot
link multiple expressions or commands using colons (:) or carriage returns.
Executing a User-defined Function
The following is the syntax for executing a user-defined function.
<function name> ([<argument>[,<argument>...]])
The following shows an example of how to perform a manual calculation in the Main
application.
Example: The following is a function created under “Creating a New User-defined Function”
on page 12-5-1.
f4 (x) = x × (x + 1) × (x – 2)
Tip
• You can use the following steps to recall user-defined functions stored in the “library” folder using
the catalog (cat) keyboard. For more information about the “library” folder, see “1-7 Variables and
Folders”.
1.Press k.
2.Tap the ( (catalog) tab.
3.On the catalog (cat) keyboard, tap the [Form] down arrow button, and then select [USER].
4.Scroll the list of functions until the function you want is visible, and then tap the function name
you want.
5.Tap [INPUT].
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12-5-4
User-defined Functions
Editing a User-defined Function
To edit an existing user-defined function, use the same procedures as those described under
“Modifying an Existing Program to Create a New One” on page 12-3-2. Editing procedures
are the same, regardless of whether you originally created the function using the Define
command or Program Editor.
Deleting a User-defined Function
To delete an existing user-defined function, use the same procedure as the one described
under “Deleting a Program” on page 12-4-1. The delete procedure is the same, regardless of
whether you originally created the function using the Define command or Program Editor.
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12-6-1
Program Command Reference
12-6 Program Command Reference
Using This Reference
The following table shows the conventions that are used in the descriptions of this section.
If you see something like this:
It means this:
A boldface word, like Input
The boldface word is a command.
Ⅺ
This indicates a space. Always make sure you
input one space between a command and its
parameters.
Example: GetKeyⅪ<variable name>
{ }
You need to select one of the multiple options
enclosed inside the braces ({ }). When inputting
the command, do not include the braces.
[
]
Anything inside brackets ([ ]) is optional.You
can input the item inside the brackets or omit
it. When inputting the command, do not
include the brackets.
…
The term to the left of ellipsis (…) can be input
more than once or repeated.
10
This is a constant.
10 + 20
A
This is an arithmetic expression.
This is a variable.
"AB"
This is a character string.
<string>
You should input what is described inside the
angle brackets (< >). When inputting the
command, do not include the angle brackets.
Tip
• In addition to program commands, this section also includes descriptions of the following
functions.
• pxlTest(
• plotTest(
• strToExp(
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12-6-2
Program Command Reference
Program Application Commands
k Program Notation
(Carriage Return)
Function: Performs a carriage return operation.
Description
In Program Editor, tap the w button to input a carriage return.
• The carriage return can be used in a user program. It cannot, however, be used in a
manual calculation performed in the Main application.
’ (Comment)
Function: Any text following this symbol is not executed. You can use this command to
include comment text in your program.
Description
Any line that starts with the comment symbol (’) is treated as comment text, which is skipped
during program execution.
: (Multi-statement Command)
Function: Use this command to link a series of statements into a multi-statement (on a
single line).
Description
The multi-statement command can be used in a user program. It cannot, however, be used in
a manual calculation performed in the Main application.
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12-6-3
Program Command Reference
k Input
GetKey
Syntax: GetKeyⅪ<variable name>
Function: This command assigns the code number of the last key pressed to the specified
variable.
Description
• This command assigns the code number of the last key pressed to the specified variable.
The following shows a list of available code numbers.
Key
Code
Key
Code
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
.
e
+
48
49
(
)
,
z
x
y
Z
{
E
f
c
d
e
k
40
41
50
44
51
45
52
60856
60857
60858
94
53
54
55
56
13
57
28
46
29
147
43
30
31
-
45
144
8
*
60944
47
K (Back Space)
o
/
145
12
=
61
c
• 0 is assigned to the variable if no key was pressed.
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12-6-4
Program Command Reference
GetPen
Syntax: GetPenⅪ<variable name 1>, <variable name 2>
Function: This command assigns the coordinates of the point tapped on the screen to a
specified variable.
Description
This command assigns the x-coordinate (horizontal axis) to <variable 1> and the
y-coordinate (vertical axis) to <variable 2>. The coordinates at the point in the upper left
corner of the screen are (1, 1), and coordinate values are specified in the range of 1 to 160
for the x-coordinate and 1 to 240 for the y-coordinate.
Input
Syntax: InputⅪ<variable name>[,"<string 1>"[,"<string 2>"]]
Function: When program execution reaches the Input command, the user is prompted for
input of a value, which is assigned to the specified variable.
Description
• If you do not specify anything for "<string 1>", the prompt “<variable name>?” appears by
default.
• The text specified for "<string 2>" is used as the input dialog box title.
• The Input command pauses program execution and displays a dialog box that contains the
text string indicated by "<string 1>" and an input box. A text string enclosed within quotation
marks (" ") or a variable name can be specified for "<string 1>".
• Specifying a long text string can cause part of it to be cut off when it is displayed in the
dialog box.
• When the dialog box appears, input a value into the input box and then tap [OK]. This
closes the dialog box, assigns the input value to the applicable variable and resumes
program execution.
• Tapping [ ] on the dialog box terminates program execution.
• During execution of the Input command, program execution is paused for input of data.
While a program is paused, you can input individual mathematical expressions only. You
cannot input commands or multiple expressions joined by colons (:).
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12-6-5
Program Command Reference
InputFunc
Syntax: InputFuncⅪ<user-defined function name> (<argument>[,<argument>…])
[,"<string 1>"[,"<string 2>"]]
Function: When program execution reaches the InputFunc command, the user is prompted
to input the contents of the user-defined function.
Example: InputFunc v(v0, t), "To define function v0(m/s), t(sec)", "define function"
Description
• If you do not specify anything for "<string 1>", the prompt “<variable name>?” appears by
default.
• The text specified for "<string 2>" is used as the input dialog box title.
• The InputFunc command pauses program execution and displays a dialog box that
contains the text string indicated by "<string 1>" and an input box. The dialog box that
appears is identical to the Input command dialog box. A text string enclosed within
quotation marks (" ") or a variable name can be specified for "<string 1>".
• Specifying a very long display text string can cause part of it to be cut off when it is
displayed in the dialog box.
• When the dialog box appears, input an expression into the input box and then tap [OK].
This closes the dialog box, assigns the input expression to the applicable variable and
resumes program execution.
• Tapping [ ] on the dialog box terminates program execution.
InputStr
Syntax: InputStrⅪ<variable name>[,"<string 1>"[,"<string 2>"]]
Function: When program execution reaches the InputStr command, the user is prompted
for input of a string, which is assigned to a variable.
Description
• The InputStr command pauses program execution and displays a dialog box that contains
the text string indicated by "<string 1>" and an input box. The dialog box that appears is
identical to the Input command dialog box. A text string enclosed within quotation marks
(" ") or a variable name can be specified for "<string 1>".
• Specifying a long display text string can cause part of it to be cut off when it is displayed in
the dialog box.
• When the dialog box appears, input a string into the input box and then tap [OK]. This
closes the dialog box, assigns the input string to the applicable variable and resumes
program execution.
• Tapping [ ] on the dialog box terminates program execution.
• The text specified for "<string 2>" is used as the input dialog box title.
• If you do not specify anything for "<string 1>", the prompt “<variable name>?” appears by
default.
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12-6-6
Program Command Reference
k Output
About the Program Output window
The “Program Output window” shows text displayed by program execution. The term
“Program Output window” does not include dialog boxes displayed by Message and other
commands.
• Only one Program Output window can be stored at a time. Executing the ClrText command
or using Program Loader to execute a text file clears the currently stored Program Output
window.
• The Program Output window can be displayed by tapping O and then [Program Output],
or by tapping _ on the Program Loader window. The Program Output window also
appears whenever the DispText command is executed in a program.
ClrText
Syntax: ClrText
Function: This command clears text from the Program Output window.
DispText
Syntax:
DispText
Function:
This command displays the Program Output window.
Description: You can use this command to re-display the Program Output window following
display of the Graph window, Table window, or other window.
Example:
To re-display the Program Output window after it has been cleared by a
graphing operation or some other operation
GraphType “y=”
Define y1(x) =
GTSelOn 1
(x)
ViewWindow –7.7, 7.7, 1, –3.8, 3.8, 1
0 S FStart
10 S FEnd
1 S FStep
ClrText ← Initializes the Program Output window.
Print “y1(x) =
(x)” ← Displays the graph expression on the Program Output window.
Print “Tap Continue button.”
←
Tells user what to do to continue program execution after reading the
message.
Pause ← Pauses program execution to allow user to read Program Output window message.
DrawGraph ← Draws the graph.
DispFTable ← Displays the table.
Pause ← Pauses program execution to allow for graph and table editing. Program Output window is
not displayed at this time.
DispText ← Re-displays the Program Output window.
Pause ← Pauses program execution to allow user to read Program Output window message.
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12-6-7
Program Command Reference
Locate
Syntax 1: LocateⅪ<x-coordinate>, <y-coordinate>, <expression>
Syntax 2: LocateⅪ<x-coordinate>, <y-coordinate>, "<string>"
Function: This command displays the result of the specified expression or the specified text
string at the specified coordinates on the display screen.
Description
• The coordinates of the point at the upper left corner of the effective area of the Locate
command are (1, 1), and coordinate values can be specified in the range of 1 to 290 for the
x-coordinate and 1 to 290 for the y-coordinate. Note, however, that the actual dot count of
the ClassPad screen is 160 × 240.
• An expression result is displayed as a single line.
Message
Syntax: MessageⅪ"<string 1>" [,"<string 2>"]
Function: This command pauses program execution and displays a dialog box containing
the text specified by "<string 1>". The text is positioned flush top left. The text
specified for "<string 2>" is used as the dialog box title.
Description
• Text strings enclosed within quotation marks (" ") or variable names can be specified for
"<string 1>" and "<string 2>".
• Tapping [OK] closes the dialog box and resumes program execution.
• Tapping [ ] terminates program execution.
Print
Syntax 1: PrintⅪ<expression>
Syntax 2: PrintⅪ"<string>"
Function: This command displays the result of the specified expression or the specified text
string.
Description
An expression result is displayed as a single line. When the result is a long expression,
fraction, or string, it may not fit on the display. In such a case, use the PrintNatural
command instead.
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12-6-8
Program Command Reference
PrintNatural
Syntax: PrintNaturalⅪ<expression>[,"<string>"]
Function: This command pauses program execution and displays the result of the specified
expression in natural format.
Description
• A text string enclosed within quotation marks (" ") or a variable name can be specified for
"<string>".
• Tapping [OK] closes the dialog box and resumes program execution. Tapping [
terminates program execution.
]
k Program Execution
#
Syntax:
# <string variable name>
Function: This command specifies a string variable whose string is a variable name.
Example 1: When the content of variable exp1 is π and the content of variable str1 is “exp1”,
sin(#str1) calculates sin(π).
Example 2: To cause a folder to be created during program execution:
InputStrⅪname, "Foldername"
NewFolderⅪ#name
S
Syntax 1: <expression>
S <variable name>
{
}
"<string>"
Syntax 2: <expression>
S <list element>
{
}
"<string>"
Syntax 3: <expression> S <matrix element>
Function: With this command, the content of the expression on the left is evaluated, and the
result is assigned to the item on the right.
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12-6-9
Program Command Reference
Break
Syntax: Break
Function: This command terminates a loop and causes execution to advance to the next
command following the loop process.
Description
• Break terminates a loop and causes execution to advance to the next command following
the loop process.
• Break can be used inside of a For, Do, While, or Switch process.
Define
Syntax:
DefineⅪ[<folder name>\ ]<function name>([<variable name>[,<variable
name>...]]) =<expression>
• Items inside of brackets ([ ]) can be skipped.
Creates a user-defined function.
Function:
Description: See page 12-5-2.
Do~LpWhile
Syntax: Do
[<statement>] …
LpWhileⅪ<expression>
<expression> is a condition that evaluates to true or false.
Function: The specified statements are repeated as long as the condition is true.
Description
• The statements between Do~LpWhile are repeated as long as the condition is true. When
the condition becomes false, execution jumps to the next command after the LpWhile
command.
• Since the condition comes after LpWhile, the condition is not evaluated until the end of the
loop is reached.
• You can use a multi-statement command (:) in place of the carriage return to separate
statements.
• It is always a bad idea to use the Goto command to exit a Do~LpWhile loop. Not only is it
poor programming, it can cause problems due to improper termination of internal
processes used by the loop operation.
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12-6-10
Program Command Reference
For~To~(Step~)Next
Syntax:
ForⅪ<expression 1>S<control variable name>ⅪTo Ⅺ<expression 2>[StepⅪ<expression 3>]
[<statement>] …
Next
<expression 1> is the initial value, <expression 2> is the end value, and <expression 3> is
the step.
Function
Anything between the For command and the Next command is repeated for a count starting
with the initial value of the control variable and ending when the control variable reaches the
end value. Each pass causes the value of the control variable to be changed by the value
specified by the step value. The loop is terminated whenever the control variable value
exceeds the end value.
Description
• 1 is used for the step if a step value is not specified.
• The initial value can be less than the end value, as long as a positive value is specified for
the step. In this case, the value of the control value is increased by the step with each
pass.
• The initial value can be greater than the end value, as long as a negative value is specified
for the step. In this case, the value of the control value is decreased by the step with each
pass.
• You can use a multi-statement command (:) in place of the carriage return to separate
statements.
• It is always a bad idea to use the Goto command to exit a For~Next loop. Not only is it
poor programming, it can cause problems due to improper termination of internal
processes used by the loop operation.
Goto~Lbl
Syntax: GotoⅪ<label name>
LblⅪ<label name>
Function: This command causes program execution to jump to a specific location.
Description
• <label name> is a text string that is subject to the same rules as variable names.
• Goto and Lbl are used in pairs. Program execution jumps from Goto to the Lbl with the
same label name. A single Lbl can be used as the jump destination of multiple Goto
commands.
• This command can be used to loop back to the beginning of a program or to jump to any
location within the program.
• An error occurs if ClassPad is unable to find a Lbl with the same label as Goto.
• Note that the # command cannot be used in a label name.
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12-6-11
Program Command Reference
If~Then~ElseIf~Else~IfEnd
Syntax 1: IfⅪ<expression>
Then
[<statement>] …
IfEnd
Then <block>
}
Function 1
• If the expression is true, the statement in the Then block is executed. After that, execution
advances to the next statement after IfEnd.
• If the expression is false, execution advances to the next statement after IfEnd, without
executing the statement in the Then block.
Syntax 2: IfⅪ<expression>
Then
Then <block>
}
}
[<statement>] …
Else
Else <block>
[<statement>] …
IfEnd
Function 2
• If the expression is true, the statement in the Then block is executed. After that, execution
advances to the next statement after IfEnd.
• If the expression is false, the statement in the Else block is executed instead of the Then
block. After that, execution advances to the next statement after IfEnd.
Syntax 3: IfⅪ<expression>
Then
If Then <block>
}
[<statement>]…
ElseIfⅪ<expression>
Then
ElseIf Then <block>
}
[<statement>] …
IfEnd
Function 3
• If the expression is true, the statement in the If Then block is executed. After that, execution
advances to the next statement after IfEnd.
• If the If command expression is false, the ElseIf command expression is tested. If it is true,
the statement in the ElseIf Then block is executed. After that, execution advances to the
next statement after IfEnd. If it is false, execution advances to the next statement after
IfEnd.
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12-6-12
Program Command Reference
Syntax 4: IfⅪ<expression>
Then
If Then <block>
}
[<statement>] …
ElseIfⅪ<expression>
Then
ElseIf Then <block>
Else <block>
}
}
[<statement>] …
Else
[<statement>] …
IfEnd
Function 4
• If the expression is true, the statement in the If Then block is executed. After that,
execution advances to the next statement after IfEnd.
• If the If command expression is false, the ElseIf command expression is tested. If it is true,
the statement in the ElseIf Then block is executed. After that, execution advances to the
next statement after IfEnd. If it is false, the Else block statement is executed. After that,
execution advances to the next statement after IfEnd.
Description
• With all four of the syntaxes described above, you can use a multi-statement command (:)
in place of the carriage return to separate Then block statements.
• The If~IfEnd command can be nested.
Example: Input a
Input b
If a < 0
Then
0 S a
If b < 0
Then
0 S b
IfEnd
IfEnd
• The If~IfEnd loop can be exited using the Break command or Return command.
• It is always a bad idea to use the Goto command to exit an If~IfEnd loop. Not only is it
poor programming, it can cause problems due to improper termination of internal
processes used by If.
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Program Command Reference
Pause
Syntax: Pause
Function: This command pauses program execution and displays a pause indicator on the
right side of the status bar.
Description
• You can perform manual operations on the ClassPad display screen while program
execution is paused by the Pause command.
• Program execution remains paused until you tap the
button on the status bar, or until
six minutes pass (after which program execution resumes automatically).
Return
Syntax: Return
Function 1 (Main Program)
This command terminates program execution.
Function 2 (Subroutine Program)
This command returns from a subroutine.
Tip
• The Return command can be executed during an If, For, Do, While, or Switch process.
Skip
Syntax:
Skip
Function:
This command causes execution to jump to the statement at the beginning of a
loop.
Description
• Skip causes execution to jump to the statement at the beginning of a loop.
• Skip can be used inside of a For, Do, or While process.
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Program Command Reference
Stop
Syntax:
Stop
This command terminates program execution.
Function:
Description: This command terminates all program execution, including that of the main
program when a subroutine program is running.
Switch~Case~Default~SwitchEnd
Syntax: SwitchⅪ<expression 1>
CaseⅪ<expression 2>
[<statement>] …
CaseⅪ<expression 3> …
[<statement>] …
…
CaseⅪ<expression n>
[<statement>] …
[Default]
[<statement>] …
SwitchEnd
<expression 1> through <expression n> should be expressions that produce real
numbers.
Function: This command executes one of a series of processes based on the value of
<expression>.
Description
• This command executes the statement following the Case expression that matches the
Switch expression.
• If there is no matching Case expression, the statement following Default is executed. If
there is no Default specified, a non-match jumps to the statement following SwitchEnd.
• You can use a multi-statement command (:) in place of the carriage return to separate
statements.
• Switch~SwitchEnd can be exited using the Break command, Return command, or Goto
command.
Wait
Syntax: WaitⅪ[<expression>]
Function: This command pauses program execution, and then restarts it after the number
of seconds specified by the expression passes.
Description
• If you do not specify any expression, program execution is paused until you tap the screen,
or press a key.
• The maximum valid specification for <expression> is 360 seconds (six minutes). Specifying
a value greater than 360 causes program execution to resume after 360 seconds,
regardless of the specified value.
• The ClassPad’s Auto Power Off function is disabled during a pause caused by the Wait
command.
• If the Auto Power Off trigger time is reached during the pause, program execution resumes.
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Program Command Reference
While~WhileEnd
Syntax: WhileⅪ<expression>
[<statement>] …
WhileEnd
<expression> is a condition that evaluates to true or false.
Function: The specified statements are repeated as long as the condition is true.
Description
• The statements between While~WhileEnd are repeated as long as the condition is true.
When the condition becomes false, execution jumps to the next command after the
WhileEnd command.
• Since the condition comes after While, the condition is evaluated before the loop is started.
• You can use a multi-statement command (:) in place of the carriage return to separate
statements.
• It is always a bad idea to use the Goto command to exit a While~WhileEnd loop. Not only
is it poor programming, it can cause problems due to improper termination of internal
processes used by the loop operation.
Application Command List
The commands listed in this section can also be used in other ClassPad applications.
You can select these commands by selecting “All” for the [Form] setting on the catalog (cat)
soft keyboard. Or, you can simply type the command. Also, many of these commands
appear as menu items within the [Ctrl], [I/O] or [Misc] menus.
k Graph & Table
Circle
Syntax: CircleⅪ<center x-coordinate>, <center y-coordinate>, radius
Function: Draws a circle.
Example: Circle –1, –1, 2
ClearSheet
Syntax: ClearSheetⅪ <sheet number>
{
}
"<sheet name>"
Function: Deletes the sheet name and expressions on the sheet, and returns its settings to
their default values. Omitting the argument causes all sheets to be cleared.
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Program Command Reference
ClrGraph
Syntax:
ClrGraph
Function:
Clears the Graph window and returns View Window parameters to their initial
default settings.
Cls
Syntax:
Cls
Function:
Clears sketch elements (lines and other figures sketched on the Graph
window), and graphs drawn using drag and drop.
DispFTable
Syntax:
DispFTable
Function:
Creates and displays a function table.
DispSmryTbl
Syntax:
DispSmryTbl
Function:
Creates and displays a summary table.
Distance
Syntax:
DistanceⅪ<x-coordinate 1>, <y-coordinate 1>, <x-coordinate 2>,
<y-coordinate 2>
Function:
Determines the distance between two points.
Description: Executing this command makes the Graph window active, displays pointers at
the locations of coordinates 1 and 2, and displays the distance between the
pointers.
Tip
• An error occur if <x-coordinate> or <y-coordinate> is outside of the current Graph window.
DrawFTGCon, DrawFTGPlot
Syntax:
DrawFTGCon
DrawFTGPlot
Function:
Graphs a function using a generated number table, in accordance with the
conditions of each command.
Description: FTG stands for “Function Table Graph”. DrawFTGCon draws a connect type
graph, while DrawFTGPlot draws a plot type graph.
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Program Command Reference
DrawGraph
Syntax:
DrawGraphⅪ[<expression>]
Graphs the selected expression or an expression specified as a parameter.
Function:
Description: <expression> has a y= type expression on the right side. Graphing of any
other type of expression is not supported by this command.
Example:
DrawGraph: Graphs the currently selected expressions.
DrawGraph sin(x): Graphs y = sin(x).
GraphType
Syntax:
GraphTypeⅪ "y="
"r="
"xt="
"x="
"y>"
"y<"
"y>"
"y<"
"x>"
"x<"
"x>"
"x<"
Function:
Example:
Specifies the graph expression input type.
GraphType "r ="
GTSelOff
Syntax:
GTSelOffⅪ<graph number>
Function:
Deselects a graph expression.
Description: Graph number range: 1 to 100
GTSelOn
Syntax:
GTSelOnⅪ<graph number>
Function:
Selects a graph expression.
Description: Graph number range: 1 to 100
Horizontal
Syntax:
HorizontalⅪ<y-coordinate>
Function:
Draws a horizontal line.
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Program Command Reference
Inverse
Syntax:
InverseⅪ<y or x graph number>
Graphs the inverse of a function.
Function:
Description: Graph number range: 1 to 100
Line
Syntax:
LineⅪ<start point x-coordinate>, <start point y-coordinate>, <end point
x-coordinate>, <end point y-coordinate>
Draws a line between two specified coordinates.
Line 1, –2, 2, 3
Function:
Example:
Tip
• The line is not drawn if a start point coordinate or end point coordinate is outside of the current
Graph window.
NormalLine
Syntax:
NormalLineⅪ<graph number>, <x-coordinate>
Draws a normal line.
Function:
Example:
NormalLine 1, 2
Description: Draws a line normal to the graph at the specified x-value.
Plot
Syntax: PlotⅪ<x-coordinate>, <y-coordinate>
Function: Displays a pointer at the location specified by the coordinates and plots a point
there.
PlotChg
Syntax:
PlotChgⅪ<x-coordinate>, <y-coordinate>
Function:
Toggles display of the plot at the specified coordinates on and off.
PlotOff
Syntax:
PlotOffⅪ<x-coordinate>, <y-coordinate>
Function:
Turns off display of the plot at the specified coordinates.
PlotOn
Syntax:
PlotOnⅪ<x-coordinate>, <y-coordinate>
Function:
Turns on display of the plot at the specified coordinates.
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Program Command Reference
plotTest(
Syntax:
plotTest(<x-coordinate>, <y-coordinate>)
Function:
Example:
Returns 1 when the dot at the specified coordinates is on, and 0 when it is off.
plotTest(2,–3)S a. Result is placed in a.
Description: Only dots within the screen are valid.
PTBrokenThck
Syntax:
PTBrokenThckⅪ<graph number>
Function:
Specifies “Broken Thick” ( ) as the graph line type.
Description: Graph number range: 1 to 100
PTCross
Syntax:
PTCrossⅪ<graph number>
Function:
Specifies “Cross Plot” ( ) as the graph line type.
Description: Graph number range: 1 to 100
PTDot
Syntax:
PTDotⅪ<graph number>
Function:
Specifies “Dot Plot” ( ) as the graph line type.
Description: Graph number range: 1 to 100
PTNormal
Syntax:
PTNormalⅪ<graph number>
Function:
Specifies “Normal” (—) as the graph line type.
Description: Graph number range: 1 to 100
PTSquare
Syntax:
PTSquareⅪ<graph number>
Function:
Specifies “Square Plot” ( ) as the graph line type.
Description: Graph number range: 1 to 100
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Program Command Reference
PTThick
Syntax:
PTThickⅪ<graph number>
Specifies “Thick” ( ) as the graph line type.
Function:
Description: Graph number range: 1 to 100
PxlChg
Syntax:
PxlChgⅪ<x-dot>, <y-dot>
Toggles display of the specified pixel on and off.
PxlChg 5,1
Function:
Example:
PxlOff
Syntax:
PxlOffⅪ <x-dot>, <y-dot>
Turns off display of the specified pixel.
PxlOff 3, 3
Function:
Example:
PxlOn
Syntax:
PxlOnⅪ<x-dot>, <y-dot>
Turns on display of the specified pixel.
PxlOn 63, 31
Function:
Example:
pxlTest(
Syntax:
pxlTest(<x-dot>, <y-dot>)
Function:
Returns 1 when the specified pixel is on, and 0 when it is off.
RclGMem
Syntax:
RclGMemⅪ<variable name>
Function:
Recalls GMem data (graph expression and related information), which was
previously saved under the specified name.
Example:
RclPict
RclGMem AZ
Syntax:
RclPictⅪ<picture name>
Function:
Example:
Recalls a Pict image, which was previously saved under the specified name.
RclPict PIC1
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Program Command Reference
RclVWin
Syntax:
RclVWinⅪ<variable name>
Function:
Recalls View Window values, which were previously saved under the specified
name.
Example:
RclVWin WIN1
SheetActive
Syntax:
SheetActiveⅪ <sheet number>
{
}
"<sheet name>"
Function:
Selects the sheet that contains the expression to be graphed.
Description: Even after a sheet is renamed, it can still be specified using its previous sheet
number.
SheetName
Syntax:
SheetNameⅪ"<sheet name string>", <sheet number>
Function:
Description
Assigns a name to a sheet
• A sheet name can be up to eight characters long.
• Sheet number range: 1 to 5
Example:
SheetName "Deriv", 1
SmryTSelOn
Syntax:
SmryTSelOnⅪ<expression number>
Function:
Deselects all currently selected expressions and then selects only the
specified summary table expression.
StoGMem
Syntax:
StoGMemⅪ<variable name>
Function:
Assigns a name to GMem data (graph expression and related information) and
stores it.
Example:
StoGMem GMem1
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Program Command Reference
StoPict
Syntax: StoPictⅪ<picture name>
Function: Assigns a name to a Pict image and stores it.
Example: StoPict Pict1
StoVWin
Syntax: StoVWinⅪ<variable name>
Function: Assigns a name to View Window values and stores them.
Example: StoVWin VWIN1
TangentLine
Syntax: TangentLineⅪ<graph number>, <x-coordinate>
Function: Draws a line tangent to the graph at the specified x-value.
Example: TangentLine 1, 1
Text
Syntax: TextⅪ<horizontal pixel value>, <vertical pixel value>, <numeric value>
"<string>"
<variable>
{
}
Function: Displays the specified text on the Graph window.
Example: Text 8, 2, "Graph"
Vertical
Syntax: VerticalⅪ<x-coordinate>
Function: Draws a vertical line passing through the x-coordinate value.
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Program Command Reference
ViewWindow
Syntax1: ViewWindowⅪ LogPⅪ
x
,
[xmin value], [xmax value], [xscale value],
y
{ }
xy
[ymin value], [ymax value], [yscale value], [tθ min value], [tθ max value],
[tθ step value]
Syntax 2: ViewWindow CallUndef
Syntax 3: ViewWindow
Function:
Syntax 1: Specifies View Window values.
Syntax 2: Makes all View Window values “Undefined”.
Syntax 3: Initializes View Window settings.
Description:
• LogP specifies logarithmic settings for the x-coordinate and y-coordinate.
• LogP and CallUndef are reserved words.
• Skipping values after xmin causes values previously set for each item to be used.
Example: ViewWindow , , 0.065, –0.2, 1.016, 0.01, 0.16
ZAuto
Syntax: ZAuto
Function: Performs Auto Zoom.
ZFactor
Syntax: ZFactorⅪ<xfactor value>, <yfactor value>
Function: Specifies the Factor Zoom Factor value.
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Program Command Reference
k 3D
ClearSheet3D
Syntax:
ClearSheet3DⅪ
<sheet number>
"<sheet name>"
{
}
Function:
Deletes the sheet name and expressions on the sheet, and returns its settings
to their default values. Omitting the argument causes all sheets to be cleared.
Draw3D
Syntax:
Draw3D
Function:
Draws a 3D graph using current settings.
SelOn3D
Syntax:
SelOn3DⅪ<graph number>
Function:
Selects a 3D graph function. Also makes the graph sheet that contains the
graph function active, and turns off graphing of all the other functions on the
sheet.
SheetActive3D
Syntax:
SheetActive3DⅪ <sheet number>
{
}
"<sheet name>"
Function:
Activates the specified 3D graph sheet.
SheetName3D
Syntax:
SheetName3DⅪ"<string>", <sheet number>
Assigns a name to a 3D graph sheet.
Function:
ViewWindow3D
Syntax 1:
ViewWindow3DⅪxmin value, xmax value, xgrid value, ymin value, ymax
value, ygrid value, zmin value, zmax value, angleθ, angleφ
Syntax 2:
Function
ViewWindow3D
Syntax 1: Configures 3D graph View Window settings.
Syntax 2: Initializes 3D graph View Window settings.
Description: Skipping any value and inputting a comma only causes the previous setting for
that value to be used. Inputting values part way and then skipping input of
remaining values causes the previous settings for the remaining values to be
used.
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Program Command Reference
k Conics
DrawConics
Syntax:
DrawConics
Function: Draws a conics graph based on the data registered on the Conics Editor window.
k Sequence
DispDfrTbl
Syntax: DispDfrTbl
Function: Creates and displays an arithmetic sequence table.
DispDQTbl
Syntax: DispDQTbl
Function: Creates and displays a progression of difference table.
DispFibTbl
Syntax: DispFibTbl
Function: Creates and displays a Fibonacci sequence table.
DispQutTbl
Syntax: DispQutTbl
Function: Creates and displays a geometric sequence table.
DispSeqTbl
Syntax: DispSeqTbl
Function: Creates and displays a recursion table.
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Program Command Reference
DrawSeqCon, DrawSeqPlt
Syntax:
DrawSeqCon
DrawSeqPlt
Function:
Graphs a recursion expression whose vertical axis is an (bn or cn) and whose
horizontal axis is n using a generated number table, in accordance with the
conditions of each command.
Description: DrawSeqCon draws a connect type graph, while DrawSeqPlt draws a plot
type graph.
DrawSeqEtrCon, DrawSeqEtrPlt
Syntax:
DrawSeqEtrCon
DrawSeqEtrPlt
Function:
Graphs a recursion expression whose vertical axis is Σan (Σbn or Σcn) and
whose horizontal axis is n using a generated number table, in accordance with
the conditions of each command.
Description: DrawSeqEtrCon draws a connect type graph, while DrawSeqEtrPlt draws a
plot type graph.
SeqSelOff
Syntax:
SeqSelOffⅪ an+1
an+2
bn+1
bn+2
cn+1
cn+2
anE
bnE
cnE
Function:
Deselects the specified sequence expression. Specifying “anE”, “bnE”, or “cnE”
as the argument activates [Explicit]. Specifying any other argument activates
[Recursive].
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Program Command Reference
SeqSelOn
Syntax: SeqSelOnⅪ an+1
an+2
bn+1
bn+2
cn+1
cn+2
anE
bnE
cnE
Function: Selects the specified sequence expression. Specifying “anE”, “bnE”, or “cnE” as
the argument activates [Explicit]. Specifying any other argument activates
[Recursive].
SeqType
Syntax:
SeqTypeⅪ "n"
"an+1
a0
a1
a0
a1
"
"
"
"
"an+1
"an+2
"an+2
Function:
Specifies the recursion type.
Description: Specifying “n” as the argument activates [Explicit]. Specifying any other
argument activates [Recursive].
k Statistics
abExpReg
Syntax: abExpRegⅪxList, yList[,[FreqList (or 1)][, [<yn>][, On ]]]
{Off}
Function: Performs y = a bx regression.
⋅
Description
xList:
yList:
Name of list for storing x-axis data
Name of list for storing y-axis data
FreqList: Name of list for storing frequency of “xList” and “yList” data
• “FreqList” can be omitted. Doing so sets “1” for “FreqList”.
• “yn” is the Graph Editor name (y1, y2, ...) that is the copy destination of the regression
expression. Copy is not performed when “yn” is skipped.
• “On/Off” turns Residual calc on or off. Residual calc is turned off when this setting is
skipped.
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Program Command Reference
CubicReg
Syntax: CubicRegⅪxList, yList[,[FreqList (or 1)][, [<yn>][, On ]]]
{Off}
Function: Performs y = a x3 + b x2 + c x + d regression.
⋅
⋅
⋅
Description
xList:
yList:
Name of list for storing x-axis data
Name of list for storing y-axis data
FreqList: Name of list for storing frequency of “xList” and “yList” data
• “FreqList” can be omitted. Doing so sets “1” for “FreqList”.
• “yn” is the Graph Editor name (y1, y2, ...) that is the copy destination of the regression
expression. Copy is not performed when “yn” is skipped.
• “On/Off” turns Residual calc on or off. Residual calc is turned off when this setting is
skipped.
DefaultListEditor
Syntax: DefaultListEditor
Function: Initializes the sort sequence and display contents of the list on the List Editor
window (list1 to list6).
DispListEditor
Syntax: DispListEditor
Function: Displays the List Editor window.
DispStat
Syntax: DispStat
Function: Displays previous statistical calculation results.
DrawStat
Syntax: DrawStat
Function: Draws a statistical graph.
ExpReg
Syntax: ExpRegⅪxList, yList[,[FreqList (or 1)][, [<yn>][, On ]]]
{Off}
Function: Performs y = a eb x regression.
⋅
⋅
Description
xList:
yList:
Name of list for storing x-axis data
Name of list for storing y-axis data
FreqList: Name of list for storing frequency of “xList” and “yList” data
• “FreqList” can be omitted. Doing so sets “1” for “FreqList”.
• “yn” is the Graph Editor name (y1, y2, ...) that is the copy destination of the regression
expression. Copy is not performed when “yn” is skipped.
• “On/Off” turns Residual calc on or off. Residual calc is turned off when this setting is
skipped.
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Program Command Reference
LinearReg
Syntax: LinearRegⅪxList, yList[,[FreqList (or 1)][, [<yn>][, On ]]]
{Off}
Function: Performs y = a x+ b regression.
Description
⋅
xList:
Name of list for storing x-axis data
yList:
Name of list for storing y-axis data
FreqList: Name of list for storing frequency of “xList” and “yList” data
• “FreqList” can be omitted. Doing so sets “1” for “FreqList”.
• “yn” is the Graph Editor name (y1, y2, ...) that is the copy destination of the regression
expression. Copy is not performed when “yn” is skipped.
• “On/Off” turns Residual calc on or off. Residual calc is turned off when this setting is
skipped.
LogisticReg
Syntax: LogisticRegⅪxList, yList[,[<yn>][, On ]]
{Off}
•
b x
Function: Performs y = c/(1 + a e(− )) regression.
Description
⋅
xList: Name of list for storing x-axis data
yList: Name of list for storing y-axis data
• “yn” is the Graph Editor name (y1, y2, ...) that is the copy destination of the regression
expression. Copy is not performed when “yn” is skipped.
• “On/Off” turns Residual calc on or off. Residual calc is turned off when this setting is
skipped.
LogReg
Syntax: LogRegⅪxList, yList[,[FreqList (or 1)][,[<yn>][, On ]]]
{Off}
Function: Performs y = a + b ln(x) regression.
Description
⋅
xList:
yList:
Name of list for storing x-axis data
Name of list for storing y-axis data
FreqList: Name of list for storing frequency of “xList” and “yList” data
• “FreqList” can be omitted. Doing so sets “1” for “FreqList”.
• “yn” is the Graph Editor name (y1, y2, ...) that is the copy destination of the regression
expression. Copy is not performed when “yn” is skipped.
• “On/Off” turns Residual calc on or off. Residual calc is turned off when this setting is
skipped.
MedMedLine
Syntax: MedMedLineⅪxList, yList[,[FreqList (or 1)][,[<yn>][, On ]]]
{Off}
Function: Performs y = a x+ b Med-Med calculation.
Description
⋅
xList:
Name of list for storing x-axis data
yList:
Name of list for storing y-axis data
FreqList: Name of list for storing frequency of “xList” and “yList” data
• “FreqList” can be omitted. Doing so sets “1” for “FreqList”.
• “yn” is the Graph Editor name (y1, y2, ...) that is the copy destination of the regression
expression. Copy is not performed when “yn” is skipped.
• “On/Off” turns Residual calc on or off. Residual calc is turned off when this setting is
skipped.
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Program Command Reference
MultiSortA
Syntax 1: MultiSortAⅪ<list name>
Syntax 2: MultiSortAⅪ<base list name>, <subordinate list name>,
<subordinate list name>, ...
Function: Sorts a statistical list in ascending order.
Description
• Syntax 1 performs a simple list sort.
• Syntax 2 sorts multiple lists on the base list. Up to five subordinate lists can be specified.
MultiSortD
Syntax 1: MultiSortDⅪ<list name>
Syntax 2: MultiSortDⅪ<base list name>, <subordinate list name>,
<subordinate list name>, ...
Function: Sorts a statistical list in descending order.
Description
• Syntax 1 performs a simple list sort.
• Syntax 2 sorts multiple lists on the base list. Up to five subordinate lists can be specified.
OneVariable
Syntax:
OneVariableⅪxList [,FreqList (or 1)]
Function:
Description
Single variable statistics calculation
xList:
Name of list for storing x-axis data
FreqList: Name of list for storing frequency of “xList” data
• “FreqList” can be omitted. Doing so sets “1” for “FreqList”.
PowerReg
Syntax: PowerRegⅪxList, yList[,[FreqList (or 1)][, [<yn>][, On ]]]
{Off}
Function: Performs y = a xb regression.
⋅
Description
xList:
yList:
Name of list for storing x-axis data
Name of list for storing y-axis data
FreqList: Name of list for storing frequency of “xList” and “yList” data
• “FreqList” can be omitted. Doing so sets “1” for “FreqList”.
• “yn” is the Graph Editor name (y1, y2, ...) that is the copy destination of the regression
expression. Copy is not performed when “yn” is skipped.
• “On/Off” turns Residual calc on or off. Residual calc is turned off when this setting is
skipped.
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Program Command Reference
QuadReg
Syntax: QuadRegⅪxList, yList[,[FreqList (or 1)][,[<yn>][, On ]]]
{Off}
Function: Performs y = a x2 + b x + c regression.
⋅
⋅
Description
xList:
yList:
Name of list for storing x-axis data
Name of list for storing y-axis data
FreqList: Name of list for storing frequency of “xList” and “yList” data
• “FreqList” can be omitted. Doing so sets “1” for “FreqList”.
• “yn” is the Graph Editor name (y1, y2, ...) that is the copy destination of the regression
expression. Copy is not performed when “yn” is skipped.
• “On/Off” turns Residual calc on or off. Residual calc is turned off when this setting is
skipped.
QuartReg
Syntax: QuartRegⅪxList, yList[,[FreqList (or 1)][,[<yn>][, On ]]]
{Off}
Function: Performs y = a x4 + b x3 + c x2 + d x + e regression.
⋅
⋅
⋅
⋅
Description
xList:
yList:
Name of list for storing x-axis data
Name of list for storing y-axis data
FreqList: Name of list for storing frequency of “xList” and “yList” data
• “FreqList” can be omitted. Doing so sets “1” for “FreqList”.
• “yn” is the Graph Editor name (y1, y2, ...) that is the copy destination of the regression
expression. Copy is not performed when “yn” is skipped.
• “On/Off” turns Residual calc on or off. Residual calc is turned off when this setting is
skipped.
SinReg
Syntax: SinRegⅪxList, yList[,[<yn>][, On ]]
{Off}
Function: Performs y = a sin(b x + c)+ d regression.
⋅
⋅
Description
xList: Name of list for storing x-axis data
yList: Name of list for storing y-axis data
• “yn” is the Graph Editor name (y1, y2, ...) that is the copy destination of the regression
expression. Copy is not performed when “yn” is skipped.
• “On/Off” turns Residual calc on or off. Residual calc is turned off when this setting is
skipped.
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Program Command Reference
StatGraph
Syntax 1:
StatGraphⅪ<StatGraph number 1 to 9>, On , Graph Type 1, xList, yList,
{Off}
FreqList (or 1), Plot Type
Syntax 2:
StatGraphⅪ<StatGraph number 1 to 9>, On , Graph Type 2, xList, yList,
{Off}
FreqList (or 1)
Syntax 3:
Syntax 4:
StatGraphⅪ<StatGraph number 1 to 9>, On , Graph Type 3, xList, yList
{Off}
StatGraphⅪ<StatGraph number 1 to 9>, On , Graph Type 4, xList,
{Off}
FreqList (or 1)
Syntax 5:
Function:
StatGraphⅪ<StatGraph number 1 to 9>, On , Graph Type 5, xList,
{Off}
Plot Type
Configures statistical graph settings.
Description
xList:
Name of list for storing x-axis data
yList:
Name of list for storing y-axis data
FreqList:
Name of list for storing frequency of “xList” and “yList” data
Graph Type 1: Scatter/xyLine
Graph Type 2: LinearR/MedMed/QuadR/CubicR/QuartR/LogR/ExpR/abExpR/PowerR
Graph Type 3: SinR/LogisticR
Graph Type 4: Histogram/MedBox/ModBox/NDist/Broken
Graph Type 5: NPPlot
Plot Type:
Square/Cross/Dot/Ldot
StatGraphSel
Syntax: StatGraphSelⅪ On
, "Reg,"
{
Off } {, "Graph"
}
Function: Turns statistical graphing on or off.
Description
• Reg selects Previous Reg.
• Graph selects Graph Function.
• Skipping Reg and Graph turns StatGraph, Previous Reg, and Graph Function on or off.
TwoVariable
Syntax:
TwoVariableⅪxList, yList[, FreqList (or 1)]
Function:
Paired variable statistics calculation
Description
xList:
yList:
Name of list for storing x-axis data
Name of list for storing y-axis data
FreqList: Name of list for storing frequency of “xList” and “yList” data
• “FreqList” can be omitted. Doing so sets “1” for “FreqList”.
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Program Command Reference
k Setup
DefaultSetup
Syntax: DefaultSetup
Function: Initializes all setup data settings.
SetAxes
Syntax: SetAxesⅪ On
{Off}
Function: Turns display of Graph window axes on or off.
SetAxes3D
Syntax: SetAxes3DⅪ On
Off
Box
{
}
Function: Turns display of axes on (normal), off, or Box (box type coordinate) for 3D
graphing. Specifying Box displays the draw area in box form.
SetBG
Syntax: SetBGⅪ <picture name>
{
}
Off
Function: Specifies a PICT image for the background. Background image display is turned
off when “Off” is specified.
SetCellWidth
Syntax: SetCellWidthⅪ 2
3
{ }
4
Function: Specifies the number of rows displayed on the List Editor and data table
windows.
SetComplex
Syntax: SetComplex
Function: Specifies the Complex mode (to perform complex number calculations).
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Program Command Reference
SetCoord
Syntax: SetCoordⅪ On
{Off}
Function: Turns display of Graph window pointer coordinates on or off.
SetCoordOff3D
Syntax: SetCoordOff3D
Function: Turns off display of pointer coordinates for 3D graphing.
SetCoordPol3D
Syntax: SetCoordPol3D
Function: Specifies use of polar coordinates for coordinate display during 3D graphing.
SetCoordRect3D
Syntax: SetCoordRect3D
Function: Specifies use of rectangular coordinates for coordinate display during 3D
graphing.
SetDecimal
Syntax: SetDecimal
Function: Specifies the Decimal mode (displays results in decimal format).
SetDegree
Syntax: SetDegree
Function: Specifies “Degree” for the angle unit.
SetDeriv
Syntax: SetDerivⅪ On
{ }
Off
Function: Turns display of Graph window pointer coordinates and ordered pair table
derivative on or off.
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Program Command Reference
SetDispGCon
Syntax: SetDispGConⅪ On
{
}
Off
Function: Turns display of graph controller arrows during graphing on or off.
SetDrawCon
Syntax: SetDrawCon
Function: Specifies graphing by connecting plotting points with lines.
SetDrawPlt
Syntax: SetDrawPlt
Function: Specifies graphing by plotting points only.
SetFix
Syntax: SetFixⅪ<integer from 0 to 9>
Function: Specifies the fixed number of decimal places.
SetFunc
Syntax: SetFuncⅪ On
{ }
Off
Function: Turns display of graph function name and function on or off.
SetGrid
Syntax: SetGridⅪ On
{ }
Off
Function: Turns display of the Graph window grid on or off.
SetLabel
Syntax: SetLabelⅪ On
{
}
Off
Function: Turns display of Graph window axis labels on or off.
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Program Command Reference
SetLabel3D
Syntax: SetLabel3DⅪ On
{ }
Off
Function: Turns display of Graph window axis labels for 3D graphing on or off.
SetLeadCursor
Syntax: SetLeadCursorⅪ On
{
}
Off
Function: Turns display of the leading cursor during graphing on or off.
SetNormal
Syntax: SetNormalⅪ
1
{ }
2
Function: Specifies Normal 1 or Normal 2 as the auto exponential display setting for values.
SetRadian
Syntax: SetRadian
Function: Specifies “Radian” for the angle unit.
SetReal
Syntax: SetReal
Function: Specifies the Real mode (to perform real number calculations).
SetSci
Syntax: SetSciⅪ<integer from 0 to 9>
Function: Specifies the fixed number of significant digits.
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Program Command Reference
SetSequence
Syntax:
SetSequenceⅪ On
Off
StepDisp
{
}
Function:
Turns display of expressions created after graphing on or off or specifies “step
display” (StepDisp).
Description: When StepDisp is selected, the expression does not appear until you press
E.
SetSimulGraph
Syntax: SetSimulGraphⅪ On
{ }
Off
Function: Turn simultaneous drawing of multiple graphs on or off.
SetSmryTable
Syntax: SetSmryTableⅪ <list name>
{
}
VWin
Function: Specifies whether summary table generation is View Window dependent or List
dependent. Using VWin specifies View Window dependent.
SetSmryTableQD
Syntax: SetSmryTableQDⅪ On
{
}
Off
Function: Specifies whether the second derivative will appear in summary tables.
SetStandard
Syntax: SetStandard
Function: Specifies the Standard mode (to leave calculation results as expressions).
SetStatWinAuto
Syntax: SetStatWinAutoⅪ On
{
}
Off
Function: Turns automatic setup of Statistics application View Window on or off.
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Program Command Reference
SetTVariable
Syntax:
SetTVariableⅪ <list name>
{
}
TableInput
Function:
Specifies the variable reference location for table generation.
Description: Use TableInput to specify a range and generate a table.
SetΣdisp
Syntax:
SetΣdispⅪ On
{ }
Off
Function:
Turns display of subtotals for tables on or off.
k Folder/Variable
Clear_a_z
Syntax:
Clear_a_zⅪ[<folder name>]
Function:
Deletes all single letter lower-case named variables from a through z from the
specified folder.
Description
• If you don’t specify a folder name, the variables of the current folder are cleared.
• Deletes all variables, regardless of type (program, etc.), that have the specified variable
name. See GetType for information about variable types (page 12-6-39).
• Keep in mind that this command clears all data types, including programs, functions, etc.
CopyVar
Syntax:
CopyVarⅪ<source variable name>, <copy destination variable name>
Function
• Copies the contents of a variable to another variable.
• If the copy destination variable has the same name as the source variable name, the
destination variable is replaced with the source variable.
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Program Command Reference
DelFolder
Syntax:
DelFolderⅪ<folder name>
Function:
Deletes a folder.
DelVar
Syntax:
DelVarⅪ<variable name>, <variable name> ...
Function:
Deletes a variable.
Description: Deletes all variables, regardless of type (program, etc.), that have the specified
variable name. See GetType for information about variable types.
GetFolder
Syntax:
GetFolderⅪ<storage variable name>
Function:
Gets the current folder name and assigns it to a variable as a text string.
GetType
Syntax:
GetTypeⅪ<variable name>, <storage variable name>
Function:
Gets the type of the specified variable and assigns it to a storage variable as a
text string.
Description: The following is a list of variable types.
• NUM (real number type)
• EXPR (expression type)
• STR (string type)
• LIST (list type)
• MAT (matrix type)
• PRGM (program type)
• EXE (execute only program type)
• TEXT (text type)
• FUNC (function type)
• PICT (picture type)
• GMEM (graph expression memory type)
• GEO (geometric type)
• MEM (universal data type)
• OTHR (unrecognizable items)
• NONE (no applicable variable)
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Program Command Reference
Local
Syntax:
LocalⅪ<variable name>, <variable name> ...
Function:
Description
Defines a local variable.
The following are the merits of local variables.
• Since local variables are deleted automatically, use of local variables for temporary storage
avoids unnecessary use of available memory.
• Since local variables do not affect general variables, you can name local variables without
worrying about whether the name you are using is already used by another variable.
Lock
Syntax:
LockⅪ<variable name>, <variable name> ...
Function:
Locks variables.
LockFolder
Syntax:
LockFolderⅪ<folder name>
Function:
Locks the specified folder and all the files currently inside of it.
MoveVar
Syntax:
MoveVarⅪ<variable name>, <current folder name>, <destination folder name>
Function:
Moves a variable to the specified folder.
NewFolder
Syntax:
NewFolderⅪ<folder name>
Function:
Creates a new folder.
Rename
Syntax:
RenameⅪ<current variable name>, <new variable name>
Function:
Renames a variable.
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Program Command Reference
SetFolder
Syntax:
SetFolderⅪ<folder name> [,<storage variable name>]
Function
• Makes the specified folder the current folder. Including a variable name at the end of this
command assigns the name of the previous current folder to the variable as a text string.
• If the specified folder does not exist, this command creates a new folder with the specified
name, and makes it the current folder.
Unlock
Syntax:
UnlockⅪ<variable name>, <variable name> ...
Function:
Unlocks variables.
UnlockFolder
Syntax:
UnlockFolderⅪ<folder name>
Unlocks the specified folder and all the files currently inside of it.
Function:
k Strings
A string is a series of characters inside of quotation marks. In a program, strings are used to
specify display text.
A string made up of numbers (like “123”) or an expression (like “x–1”) cannot be processed
as a calculation.
To include quotation marks (") or a backslash (\) in a string, put a backslash (\) in front of the
quotation marks (") or backslash (\).
Example 1: To include Japan: “Tokyo” in a string
PrintⅪ"Japan:\"Tokyo\""
Example 2: To include main\abc in a string
PrintⅪ"main\\abc"
ChrToNum
Syntax:
ChrToNumⅪ"<string>", <storage variable name>[,n]
Function:
Converts the characters up to the nth character of a string to their character
code values and assigns the string to the specified variable.
Description: Omitting “n” starts conversion from the first character of the string. For
information about character codes, see Appendix page α-6-1.
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Program Command Reference
ExpToStr
Syntax:
ExpToStrⅪ<expression>,<storage variable name>
Function:
Converts the result of an input expression to a string and assigns the string to
the specified variable.
NumToChr
Syntax:
NumToChrⅪn,<storage variable name>
Function:
Converts numeric value n to the corresponding text character(s) in accordance
with the character code table, and assigns the character(s) as a string to the
specified variable. For information about character codes, see Appendix page
α-6-1.
NumToStr
Syntax:
NumToStrⅪ<value>, "Fix <integer from 0 to 9>" , <storage variable name>
{
}
"Sci <integer from 0 to 9>"
Function: Converts a numeric value to a string of the specified format, and assigns the
resulting string to the specified variable.
Example: NumToStr 1.234, "Fix2", x
StrCmp
Syntax:
StrCmpⅪ"<string 1>", "<string 2>", <storage variable name>
Function:
Compares "<string 1>" and "<string 2>" (character code comparison) and
assigns the resulting value to the specified variable.
Description
• Returns 0 when "<string 1>" = "<string 2>".
• Returns 1 when "<string 1>" > "<string 2>".
• Returns –1 when "<string 1>" < "<string 2>".
StrInv
Syntax:
StrInvⅪ"<string>", <storage variable name>
Function:
Inverts the sequence of a string and assigns the resulting string to a variable.
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Program Command Reference
StrJoin
Syntax:
StrJoinⅪ"<string 1>", "<string 2>", <storage variable name>
Function:
Joins "<string 1>" and "<string 2>" and then assigns the resulting string to the
specified variable.
StrLeft
Syntax:
StrLeftⅪ"<string>", n, <storage variable name>
Function:
Copies a string up to the nth character from the left, and assigns the resulting
string to the specified variable.
StrLen
Syntax:
StrLenⅪ"<string>", <storage variable name>
Function:
Determines the length of a string (the number of its characters) and assigns
the resulting value to the specified variable.
StrLwr
Syntax:
StrLwrⅪ"<string>", <storage variable name>
Function:
Converts all the characters of a string to lower case and assigns the resulting
string to the specified variable.
StrMid
Syntax:
StrMidⅪ"<string>", n, <storage variable name> [,<number of characters>]
Function:
Copies a specific number of characters of a string, starting from the nth
character, and assigns the resulting string to the specified variable.
Description: Omitting the number of characters causes the string to be copied up to the
end.
StrRight
Syntax:
StrRightⅪ"<string>", n, <storage variable name>
Function:
Copies a string up to the nth character from the right, and assigns the resulting
string to the specified variable.
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Program Command Reference
StrRotate
Syntax:
StrRotateⅪ"<string>", <storage variable name> [,n]
Function:
Rotates the left side part and right side part of a string at the nth character, and
assigns the resulting string to the specified variable.
Description: Rotation is to the left when “n” is positive, and to the right when “n” is negative.
Omitting “n” uses a default value of +1.
Example:
StrRotate "abcde", DDD, –2 ← Assigns the string “deabc” to variable DDD.
StrShift
Syntax:
StrShiftⅪ"<string>", <storage variable name> [,n]
Function:
Shifts a string left or right n characters, and assigns the resulting string to the
specified variable.
Description: Shift is to the left when “n” is positive, and to the right when “n” is negative.
Omitting “n” uses a default value of +1.
Example:
StrShift "abcde", DDD, –2 ← Assigns the string “ abc” to variable DDD.
StrSrc
Syntax:
StrSrcⅪ"<string 1>", "<string 2>", <storage variable name>
[,<search start location>]
Function:
Searches "<string 1>" starting from the specified point (nth character from
beginning of string) to determine if it contains the data specified by "<string
2>". If the data is found, this command returns the location of the first
character of "<string 2>", starting from the beginning of "<string 1>".
Description: Omitting the start point causes the search to start from the beginning of
"<string 1>".
strToExp(
Syntax:
strToExp("<string>")
Function:
Converts a string to an expression, and executes the expression.
StrUpr
Syntax:
StrUprⅪ"<string>", <storage variable name>
Function:
Converts all the characters of a string to upper case and assigns the resulting
string to the specified variable.
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Program Command Reference
k Other
CloseComPort38k
Syntax:
CloseComPort38k
Closes the 3-pin COM port.
Function:
Example:
See the GetVar38k command.
GetVar38k
Syntax:
GetVar38kⅪ<variable name>
Function:
Description
Receives variable names and variable contents.
• The OpenComPort38k command must be executed before this command is executed.
• The CloseComPort38k command must be executed after this command is executed.
Example:
To connect two ClassPad units with an SB-62 cable, and transfer the contents
of the sending unit’s variable “s” to the receiving unit’s variable “g”
Sending Unit Program
123 S s
OpenComPort38k
SendVar38k s
CloseComPort38k
Receiving Unit Program
OpenComPort38k
GetVar38k g
CloseComPort38k
Notes
• Run the receiving unit’s program first, and then run the sending unit’s
program.
• You can use any commands beside the four data communication commands
(Send38k, Receive38k, SendVar38k, or GetVar38k) between the
OpenComPort38k and CloseComPort38k commands.
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Program Command Reference
OpenComPort38k
Syntax:
OpenComPort38k
Opens the 3-pin COM port.
Function:
Example:
See the GetVar38k command on page 12-6-45.
Receive38k
Syntax:
Receive38kⅪ<variable name>
Function:
Description
Receives EA-200 data.
• The OpenComPort38k command must be executed before this command is executed.
• The CloseComPort38k command must be executed after this command is executed.
• For details about using this command, see the user documentation that comes with the
EA-200.
• Note that you need to replace all instances of the Receive command in the examples
provided in the EA-200 user documentation with the command Receive38k. You should
also adjust the other commands in the EA-200 examples so they conform to the ClassPad
command syntax and usage as described in this manual.
Send38k
Syntax:
Send38kⅪ<variable name>
Function:
Description
Sends EA-200 data.
• The OpenComPort38k command must be executed before this command is executed.
• The CloseComPort38k command must be executed after this command is executed.
• For details about using this command, see the user documentation that comes with the
EA-200.
• Note that you need to replace all instances of the Send command in the examples
provided in the EA-200 user documentation with the command Send38k. You should also
adjust the other commands in the EA-200 examples so they conform to the ClassPad
command syntax and usage as described in this manual.
• <variable name> must be a variable that contains a real number or a list. Anything else
results in an error.
SendVar38k
Syntax:
SendVar38kⅪ<variable name>
Function:
Sends variable names and variable contents.
Description
• The OpenComPort38k command must be executed before this command is executed.
• The CloseComPort38k command must be executed after this command is executed.
Example:
See the GetVar38k command on page 12-6-45.
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12-7-1
Including ClassPad Functions in Programs
12-7 Including ClassPad Functions in Programs
Including Graphing Functions in a Program
Graphing functions let your program graph multiple equations, or overlay multiple graphs on
the same screen.
Example: DefaultSetup
ClrGraph
ViewWindow 0, 7.7, 1, –14, 110, 10
GraphType "y="
Define y1(x) = x^4 – x^3 – 24x^2 + 4x + 80
GTSelOn 1
PTDot 1
SheetActive 1
DrawGraph
Using Conics Functions in a Program
Conics functions make it possible for your program to draw conics graphs.
Example: ClrGraph
ViewWindow –15.4, 15.4, 2, –7.6, 7.6, 2
"(x – 1)^2/3^2 + (y – 2)^2/4^2 = 1" S ConicsEq
DrawConics
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Including ClassPad Functions in Programs
Including 3D Graphing Functions in a Program
The methods for using 3D graphing functions in a program are identical to those for normal
(non-3D) graphing functions, except that you can only graph one 3D graph at a time. For
information about commands that are unique to 3D graphing, see “Application Command
List” on page 12-6-15.
Including Table & Graph Functions in a Program
Table & Graph functions can be included in a program to generate number tables and draw
graphs.
Example: DefaultSetup
ClrGraph
ViewWindow 0, 7.7, 1, –14, 110, 10
GraphType "y="
Define y1(x) = 3 × x^2 – 2
GTSelOn 1
0 S FStart
6 S FEnd
1 S FStep
SheetActive 1
DispFTable
Pause
DrawFTGCon
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Including ClassPad Functions in Programs
Including Recursion Table and Recursion Graph Functions in a Program
Recursion table and recursion graph functions can be included in a program to generate
number tables and draw graphs.
Example: DefaultSetup
ViewWindow 0, 6, 1, –0.01, 0.3, 1
SeqType "an+1a0"
"–3an^2 + 2an" S an+1
0 S SqStart
6 S SqEnd
0.01 S a0
DispSeqTbl
Pause
DrawSeqCon
Including List Sort Functions in a Program
List sort functions let you sort list data into either ascending or descending order. Make sure
the list contains data before executing a sort function.
u To sort data of a single list in ascending order
MultiSortA <list name>
u To sort multiple lists in ascending order, based on the data in one list
MultiSortA <base list name>,<list name>,…
• Up to six list names can be specified, including the base list name.
u To sort data of a single list in descending order
MultiSortD <list name>
u To sort multiple lists in descending order, based on the data in one list
MultiSortD <base list name>,<list name>,…
• Up to six list names can be specified, including the base list name.
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Including ClassPad Functions in Programs
Including Statistical Graphing and Calculation Functions in a Program
Including statistical graphs and calculation functions in a program allows the program to
draw statistical graphs and display statistical calculation results.
u To perform statistical graphing
Example 1: Scatter Diagram
{0.5, 1.2, 2.4, 4, 5.2} S list1
{–2.1, 0.3, 1.5, 2, 2.4} S list2
StatGraph 1, On, Scatter, list1, list2, 1, Square
DrawStat
Note that xyLine can also be specified in instead of Scatter for the graph type.
Example 2: Normal Probability Plot
{0.5, 1.2, 2.4, 4, 5.2} S list1
StatGraph 1, On, NPPlot, list1, Square
DrawStat
Example 3: Single-variable statistical graphing
{0.5, 1.2, 2.4, 4, 5.2} S list1
StatGraph 1, On, Histogram, list1, list1
DrawStat
Note that MedBox, ModBox, NDist, or Broken can also be specified in instead
of Histogram for the graph type.
Example 4: Paired-variable statistical graphing
{0.5, 1.2, 2.4, 4, 5.2} S list1
{–2.1, 0.3, 1.5, 2, 2.4} S list2
StatGraph 1,On, LinearR, list1, list2,1
DrawStat
Note that MedMed, QuadR, CubicR, QuartR, LogR, ExpR, abExpR, or
PowerR can also be specified in instead of LinearR for the graph type.
Example 5: Paired-variable statistical graphing (Sinusoidal Regression/Logistic
Regression)
{0.5, 1.2, 2.4, 4, 5.2} S list1
{2.9, 3.8, 3.3, 0.4, 0.2} S list2
StatGraph 1, On, SinR, list1, list2
DrawStat
Note that LogisticR can also be specified in instead of SinR for the graph type.
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Including ClassPad Functions in Programs
u To use statistical calculation functions
You can perform the following types of statistical calculations using program commands.
• Single-variable statistics
• Paired-variable statistics
• Regression
• Tests
• Confidence interval
• Probability
See “Chapter 7 – Using the Statistics Application” for more information.
u To explore statistical data
Example: Exploring data with regression
StatGraphSel Off
{0.5, 1.2, 2.4, 4, 5.2} S list1
{–2.1, 0.3, 1.5, 2, 2.4} S list2
StatGraph 1, On, Scatter, list1, list2, 1, Square
DrawStat
LogReg list1, list2, 1
DispStat
DrawStat
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Chapter
Using the Spreadsheet
Application
The Spreadsheet application provides you with powerful, take-
along-anywhere spreadsheet capabilities on your ClassPad.
13-1 Spreadsheet Application Overview
13-2 Spreadsheet Application Menus and Buttons
13-3 Basic Spreadsheet Window Operations
13-4 Editing Cell Contents
13-5 Using the Spreadsheet Application with the
eActivity Application
13-6 Using the Action Menu
13-7 Formatting Cells and Data
13-8 Graphing
13
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13-1-1
Spreadsheet Application Overview
13-1 Spreadsheet Application Overview
This section describes the configuration of the Spreadsheet application window, and
provides basic information about its menus and commands.
Starting Up the Spreadsheet Application
Use the following procedure to start up the Spreadsheet application.
u ClassPad Operation
On the application menu, tap R.
This starts the Spreadsheet application and displays its window.
Spreadsheet Window
The Spreadsheet window shows a screen of cells and their contents.
Column letters (A to BL)
Row numbers (1 to 999)
Cell cursor
Edit box
Edit buttons
Status area
• Each cell can contain a value, expression, text, or a formula. Formulas can contain a
reference to a specific cell or a range of cells.
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13-2-1
Spreadsheet Application Menus and Buttons
13-2 Spreadsheet Application Menus and
Buttons
This section explains the operations you can perform using the menus and buttons of the
Spreadsheet application window.
• For information about the O menu, see “Using the O Menu” on page 1-5-4.
k File Menu
Select this
[File] menu item:
To do this:
Create a new, empty spreadsheet
Open an existing spreadsheet
New
Open
Save
Save the currently displayed spreadsheet
k Edit Menu
Select this
[Edit] menu item:
To do this:
Undo the last action, or redo the action you have just undone
Undo/Redo
Options
Display a dialog box that lets you show or hide scrollbars, and specify the
direction the cursor advances when inputting data
Automatically resize columns to fit the data into the selected cells
Display a dialog box for specifying column width
AutoFit Selection
Column Width
Display a dialog box for specifying the number format of the selected cell(s) Number Format
Display or hide the Cell Viewer window
Cell Viewer
Goto Cell
Display a dialog box for specifying a cell to jump to
Display a dialog box for specifying a range of cells to select
Select Range
Display a dialog box for specifying cell contents and a range of cells to fill Fill Range
Display a dialog box for specifying a sequence to fill a range of cells
Insert row(s)
Fill Sequence
Insert - Rows
Insert - Columns
Delete - Rows
Delete - Columns
Delete - Cells
Cut
Insert column(s)
Delete the currently selected row(s)
Delete the currently selected column(s)
Delete the contents of the currently selected cells
Cut the current selection and place it onto the clipboard
Copy the current selection and place it onto the clipboard
Paste the clipboard contents at the current cell cursor location
Select everything in the spreadsheet
Clear all data from the spreadsheet
Copy
Paste
Select All
Clear All
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Spreadsheet Application Menus and Buttons
k Graph Menu
You can use the [Graph] menu to graph the data contained in selected cells. See
“13-8 Graphing” for more information.
k Action Menu
The [Action] menu contains a selection of functions that you can use when configuring a
spreadsheet. See “13-6 Using the Action Menu” for more information.
k Spreadsheet Toolbar Buttons
Not all of the Spreadsheet buttons can fit on a single toolbar, tap the u/t button on the far
right to toggle between the two toolbars.
To do this:
Tap this button:
Toggle the selected cell(s) between decimal (floating point) and exact
display*1
./,
Toggle the selected cell(s) between bold and normal
M/B
u/<
Toggle the data type of the selected cell(s) between text and calculation
Specify left-justified text and right-justified values for selected cell(s)
(default)
[
Specify left-justified for selected cell(s)
Specify centered for selected cell(s)
Specify right-justified for selected cell(s)
Display or hide the Cell Viewer window
Display the Spreadsheet Graph window (page 13-8-1)
Delete the currently selected row(s)
Delete the currently selected column(s)
Insert row(s)
p
x
]
A
o
H
J
K
a
Insert column(s)
*1 When cell(s) are calculation data types.
Tip
• During cell data input and editing, the toolbar changes to a data input toolbar. See “Edit Mode
Screen” on page 13-4-1 for more information.
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13-3-1
Basic Spreadsheet Window Operations
13-3 Basic Spreadsheet Window Operations
This section contains information about how to control the appearance of the Spreadsheet
window, and how to perform other basic operations.
About the Cell Cursor
The cell cursor causes the current selected cell or group of cells to become highlighted. The
location of the current selection is indicated in the status bar, and the value or formula
located in the selected cell is shown in the edit box.
• You can select multiple cells for group formatting, deletion, or insertion.
• See “Selecting Cells” on page 13-3-5 for more information about selecting cells.
Controlling Cell Cursor Movement
Use the following procedure to specify whether the cell cursor should stay at the current cell,
move down to the next line, or move right to the next column when you register data in a
Spreadsheet cell.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the [Edit] menu, tap [Options].
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13-3-2
Basic Spreadsheet Window Operations
(2) On the dialog box that appears, tap the [Cursor Movement] down arrow button, and
then select the setting you want.
To have the cell cursor behave this way when you register
input:
Select this
setting:
Remain at the current cell
Off
Move to the next row below the current cell
Move to the next column to the right of the current cell
Down
Right
(3) After the setting is the way you want, tap [OK].
Navigating Around the Spreadsheet Window
The simplest way to select a cell is to tap it with the stylus. You can also drag the stylus
across a range of cells to select all of them. If you drag to the edge of the screen, it will scroll
automatically, until you remove the stylus from the screen.
The following are other ways you can navigate around the Spreadsheet window.
k Cursor Keys
When a single cell is selected, you can use the cursor key to move the cell cursor up, down,
left, or right.
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Basic Spreadsheet Window Operations
k Jumping to a Cell
You can use the following procedure to jump to a specific cell on the Spreadsheet screen by
specifying the cell’s column and row.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the [Edit] menu, select [Goto Cell].
(2) On the dialog box that appears, type in a letter to specify the column of the cell to
which you want to jump, and a value for its row number.
(3) After the column and row are the way you want, tap [OK] to jump to the cell.
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13-3-4
Basic Spreadsheet Window Operations
Hiding or Displaying the Scrollbars
Use the following procedure to turn display of Spreadsheet scrollbars on and off.
By turning off the scrollbars, you make it possible to view more information in the spreadsheet.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the [Edit] menu, tap [Options].
(2) On the dialog box that appears, tap the [Scrollbars] down arrow button, and then select
the setting you want.
To do this:
Select this setting:
Display the scrollbars
Hide the scrollbars
On
Off
(3) After the setting is the way you want, tap [OK].
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13-3-5
Basic Spreadsheet Window Operations
Selecting Cells
Before performing any operation on a cell, you must first select it. You can select a single
cell, a range of cells, all the cells in a row or column, or all of the cells in the spreadsheet.
Tap here to select the
entire spreadsheet.
Tap a column
heading to select
the column.
Tap a cell to select it.
Tap a row heading to
select the row.
• To select a range of cells, drag the stylus across them.
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13-3-6
Basic Spreadsheet Window Operations
Using the Cell Viewer Window
The Cell Viewer window lets you view both the formula contained in a cell, as well as the
current value produced by the formula.
While the Cell Viewer window is displayed, you can select or clear its check boxes to toggle
display of the value and/or formula on or off. You can also select a value or formula and then
drag it to another cell.
u To view or hide the Cell Viewer window
On the Spreadsheet toolbar, tap A. Or, on the Spreadsheet [Edit] menu, select [Cell
Viewer].
• The above operation toggles display of the Cell Viewer window on and off.
• You can control the size and location of the Cell Viewer window using the r and S
icons on the icon panel below the touch screen. For details about these icons, see “1-3
Using the Icon Panel”.
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13-4-1
Editing Cell Contents
13-4 Editing Cell Contents
This section explains how to enter the edit mode for data input and editing, and how to input
various types of data and expressions into cells.
Edit Mode Screen
The Spreadsheet application automatically enters the edit mode whenever you tap a cell to
select it and input something from the keypad.
Entering the edit mode (see page 13-4-2) displays the editing cursor in the edit box and the
data input toolbar.
Data input toolbar
Tap to apply your input
or edits.
Tap to cancel input or
editing without making
any changes.
Tap to scroll the
character buttons.
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13-4-2
Editing Cell Contents
• You can tap the data input toolbar buttons to input letters and symbols into the edit box.
Entering the Edit Mode
There are two ways you can enter the edit mode:
• Tapping a cell and then tapping inside the edit box
• Tapping a cell and inputting something on the keypad
The following explains the difference between these two techniques.
k Tapping a cell and then tapping the edit box
• This enters the “standard” edit mode.
• Tapping the edit box selects (highlights) all of the text in the edit box. Tapping the edit box
again deselects (unhighlights) the text and displays the editing cursor (a solid blinking
cursor).
• Be sure to use this standard editing mode when you want to correct or change the existing
contents of a cell.
• The following explains the operation of the cursor key after entering the standard editing
mode.
To move the editing cursor here in the edit box text:
One character left
Press this cursor key:
d
e
f
c
One character right
To the beginning (far left)
To the end (far right)
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13-4-3
Editing Cell Contents
k Tapping a cell and then inputting something from the keypad
• This enters the “quick” edit mode, indicated by a dashed blinking cursor. Anything you input
with the keypad will be displayed in the edit box.
• If the cell you selected already contains something, anything you input with the quick edit
mode replaces the existing content with the new input.
• In the quick editing mode, pressing the cursor key registers your input and moves the cell
cursor in the direction of the cursor key you press.
• Note that you can change to the standard edit mode at any time during the quick edit mode
by tapping inside of the edit box.
Basic Data Input Steps
The following are the basic steps you need to perform whenever inputting or editing cell
data.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Enter the edit mode.
• Either tap a cell (quick edit), or tap a cell and then tap the edit box (standard edit).
• See “Selecting Cells” on page 13-3-5 for more information about selecting cells.
(2) Input the data you want.
• You can input data using the keypad, the [Action] menu, and the input toolbar. See
the following sections for more information.
(3) After you are finished, finalize the input using one of the procedures below.
If you are using this edit mode: Do this to finalize your input:
Standard Edit
• Tap the s button next to the edit box.
• Press the E key.
Quick Edit
• Press a cursor key.
• Or tap the s button next to the edit box.
• Or press the E key.
• This causes the entire spreadsheet to be re-calculated.
• If you want to cancel data input without saving your changes, tap the S button next to
the edit box or tap
on the icon panel.
Important!
• You can also finalize input into a cell by tapping a different cell, as long as the first
character in the edit box is not an equal sign (=). Tapping another cell while the first
character in the edit box is an equal sign (=) inserts a reference to the tapped cell into the
edit box. See “Inputting a Cell Reference” on page 13-4-6 for more information.
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13-4-4
Editing Cell Contents
Inputting a Formula
A formula is an expression that the Spreadsheet application calculates and evaluates when
you input it, when data related to the formula is changed, etc.
A formula always starts with an equal sign (=), and can contain any one of the following.
• Values
• Mathematical expressions
• Cell references
• ClassPad soft keyboard functions (cat page of keyboard)
• [Action] menu functions (page 13-6-4)
Formulas are calculated dynamically whenever related values are changed, and the latest
result is always displayed in the spreadsheet.
The following shows a simple example where a formula in cell B5 calculates the average of
the values in cells B1 through B3.
Important!
• Tapping another cell while the first character in the edit box is an equal sign (=) inserts a
reference to the tapped cell into the edit box. Dragging across a range of cells will input a
reference to the selected range. See “Inputting a Cell Reference” on page 13-4-6 for more
information.
• When a cell is set to text data type, formulas are displayed as text when they are not
preceded by an equal sign (=).
• When a cell is set to calculation data type, an error occurs when a formula is not preceded
by an equal sign (=).
u To use the soft keyboards to input a function
Example: To input the following
Cell A1: x^row(A1)
Cell B1: diff(A1, x, 1)
(1) Tap cell A1 to select it.
(2) Press =, x, and then {.
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13-4-5
Editing Cell Contents
(3) Press k to display the soft keyboard.
(4) Tap the 0 tab and then tap r, o, w, or on the [Action] menu, tap [row].
(5) Press (, tap cell A1, and then press ).
(6) Press E.
(7) Tap cell B1 and then press =.
(8) On the soft keyboard, tap the 9 tab, tap -,
and then tap -.
(9) Tap cell A1, press ,, x, ,, 1, and then press ).
(10) Press E.
(11) Press k to hide the soft keyboard.
(12) Select (highlight) cells A1 and B1.
(13) On the [Edit] menu, tap [Copy].
(14) Select cells A2 and B2.
(15) On the [Edit] menu, tap [Paste].
• Learn more about cell referencing on the next page.
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13-4-6
Editing Cell Contents
Inputting a Cell Reference
A cell reference is a symbol that references the value of one cell for use by another cell. If
you input “=A1 + B1” into cell C2, for example, the Spreadsheet will add the current value of
cell A1 to the current value of cell B1, and display the result in cell C2.
There are two types of cell references: relative and absolute. It is very important that you
understand the difference between relative and absolute cell references. Otherwise, your
spreadsheet may not produce the results you expect.
k Relative Cell Reference
A relative cell reference is one that changes according to its location on the spreadsheet.
The cell reference “=A1” in cell C2, for example, is a reference to the cell located “two
columns to the left and one cell up” from the current cell (C2, in this case). Because of this, if
we copy or cut the contents of cell C2 and paste them into cell D12, for example, the cell
reference will change automatically to “=B11”, because B11 is two columns to the left and
one cell up from cell D12.
Be sure to remember that relative cell references always change dynamically in this way
whenever you move them using cut and paste, or drag and drop.
Important!
• When you cut or copy a relative cell reference from the edit box, it is copied to the
clipboard as text and pasted “as-is” without changing. If “=A1” is in cell C2 and you copy
“=A1” from the edit box and paste it into cell D12, for example, D12 will also be “=A1”.
k Absolute Cell References
An absolute cell reference is the one that does not change, regardless of where it is located
or where it is copied to or moved to. You can make both the row and column of a cell
reference absolute, or you can make only the row or only the column of a cell reference
absolute, as described below.
This cell reference:
Does this:
$A$1
$A1
Always refers to column A, row 1
Always refers to column A, but the row changes dynamically when
moved, as with a relative cell reference
A$1
Always refers to row 1, but the column changes dynamically when
moved, as with a relative cell reference
Let’s say, for example, that a reference to cell A1 is in cell C1. The following shows what
each of the above cell references would become if the contents of cell C1 were copied to cell
D12.
$A$1 → $A$1
$A1 → $A12
A$1 → B$1
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13-4-7
Editing Cell Contents
u To input a cell reference
(1) Select the cell where you want to insert the cell reference.
(2) Tap inside the edit box.
(3) If you are inputting new data, input an equal sign (=) first. If you are editing existing
data, make sure that its first character is an equal sign (=).
• Inputting a cell name like “A3” without an equal sign (=) at the beginning will cause
“A” and “3” to be input as text, without referencing the data in cell A3.
Incorrect cell reference (no “=” sign)
Correct cell reference
(4) Tap the cell you want to reference (which will input its name into the edit box
automatically) or use the editing toolbar and keypad to input its name.
Important!
• The above step always inputs a relative cell reference. If you want to input an
absolute cell reference, use the stylus or cursor keys to move the editing cursor to the
appropriate location, and then use the editing toolbar to input a dollar ($) symbol. See
“Inputting a Cell Reference” on page 13-4-6 for more information about relative and
absolute cell references.
(5) Repeat step (4) as many times as necessary to input all of the cell references you
want. For example, you could input “=A1 + A2”. You can also input a range of cells into
the edit box by dragging across a group of cells.
(6) After your input is the way you want, tap the s button next to the edit box or press the
E key to save it.
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13-4-8
Editing Cell Contents
Inputting a Constant
A constant is data whose value is defined when it is input. When you input something into a
cell for which text is specified as the data type without an equal sign (=) at the beginning, a
numeric value is treated as a constant and non-numeric values are treated as text.
Note the following examples for cells of u type:
This input:
sin(1)
Is interpreted as:
And is treated as:
A constant value
A constant value
A constant value
Text
A numeric expression
A numeric expression
A numeric expression
A symbolic expression
A symbolic expression
A string expression
1+1/2
1.02389
sin(x)
x+y
Text
Result
sin(
Text
Invalid expression context
Text
• When text is too long to fit in a cell, it spills over into the next cell to the right if the
neighboring cell is empty. If the cell to the right is not empty, the text is cut off and “...” is
displayed to indicate that non-displayed text is contained in the cell.
Using the Fill Sequence Command
The Fill Sequence command lets you set up an expression with a variable, and input a range
of values based on the calculated results of the expression.
u To input a range of values using Fill Sequence
Example: To configure a Fill Sequence operation according to the following parameters
Expression:
1/x
Change of x Value: From 1 to 25
Step:
1
Input Location:
Starting from A1
(1) On the [Edit] menu, tap [Fill Sequence].
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13-4-9
Editing Cell Contents
(2) Use the dialog box that appears to configure the Fill Sequence operation as described
below.
Parameter
Description
Expr.
Input the expression whose results you want to input.
Specify the name of the variable whose value will change with each
step.
Var.
Low
Specify the smallest value to be assigned to the variable.
Specify the greatest value to be assigned to the variable.
High
Specify the value that should be added to the variable value with
each step.
Step
Start
Specify the starting cell from which the results of the expression
should be inserted.
• The following shows how the Fill Sequence dialog box should appear after
configuring the parameters for our example.
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13-4-10
Editing Cell Contents
(3) After everything is the way you want, tap [OK].
• This performs all the required calculations according to your settings, and inserts the
results into the spreadsheet.
• The following shows the results for our example.
Cut and Copy
You can use the [Cut] and [Copy] commands on the Spreadsheet application [Edit] menu to
cut and copy the contents of the cells currently selected (highlighted) with the cell cursor. You
can also cut and copy text from the edit box.
The following types of cut/copy operations are supported.
• Single cell cut/copy
• Multiple-cell cut/copy
• Selected edit box text cut/copy
• Cell Viewer values and formulas copy only
Cutting or copying data places it onto the clipboard. You can use the [Paste] command to
paste the clipboard contents at the current cell cursor or editing cursor location.
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13-4-11
Editing Cell Contents
Paste
The [Edit] menu’s [Paste] command lets you paste the data that is currently on the clipboard
at the current cell cursor or editing cursor location.
Important!
• Pasting cell data will cause all relative cell references contained in the pasted data to be
changed in accordance with the paste location. See “Inputting a Cell Reference” on page
13-4-6 for more information.
• Relative cell references in data copied or cut from the edit box do not change when pasted
into another cell.
The following summarizes how different types of data can be pasted.
k When the clipboard contains data from a single cell or the edit box
If you do this:
Executing the [Paste] command will do this:
Select a single cell with the cell cursor
Select multiple cells with the cell cursor
Paste the clipboard data into the selected cell
Paste the clipboard data into each of the
selected cells
Locate the editing cursor inside the edit
box
Paste the clipboard data at the editing cursor
location
k When the clipboard contains data from multiple cells
If you do this:
Executing the [Paste] command will do this:
Select a single cell with the cell cursor
Paste the clipboard data starting from the
selected cell
Select multiple cells with the cell cursor
Paste the clipboard data starting from the first
(top left) cell
Locate the editing cursor inside the edit
box
Paste the clipboard data at the editing cursor
location in matrix format
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13-4-12
Editing Cell Contents
• The following shows how cell data is converted to a matrix format when pasted into the edit
box.
Select the cell where
you want to insert
the text (A6 in this
example), and then
tap inside the edit
box.
Tap [Edit],
and then
[Paste].
To view the
matrix as
To view the matrix
as text, tap the cell
(A6) and then A.
2D, tap u
to change
data types.
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13-4-13
Editing Cell Contents
Specifying Text or Calculation as the Data Type for a Particular Cell
A simple toolbar button operation lets you specify that the data contained in the currently
selected cell or cells should be treated as either text or calculation data. The following shows
how the specified data type affects how a calculation expression is handled when it is input
into a cell.
When this data type is
specified:
Causes this to be
displayed:
Inputting this into the cell:
=2+2
2+2
4
Text u
(toolbar button for text)
2+2
4
=2+2
2+2
Calculation <
(toolbar button for math)
4
Important!
• Unless noted otherwise, all of the input examples in this chapter assume that input is being
performed into a cell for which text is specified as the data type. Because of this, calcula-
tions that evaluate will be preceded with an equal sign (=).
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Select the cell(s) whose data type you want to specify.
• See “Selecting Cells” on page 13-3-5 for information about selecting cells.
(2) On the toolbar, tap the third button from the left (u / <) to toggle the data type
between text and calculation.
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13-4-14
Editing Cell Contents
Using Drag and Drop to Copy Cell Data within a Spreadsheet
You can also copy data from one cell to another within a spreadsheet using drag and drop. If
the destination cell already contains data, it is replaced with the newly dropped data.
• When performing this operation, you can drag and drop between cells, or from one location
to another within the edit box only. You cannot drag and drop between cells and the edit
box.
Important!
• Remember that moving cell data within a spreadsheet using drag and drop will cause all
relative cell references in the data to be changed accordingly. See “Inputting a Cell
Reference” on page 13-4-6 for more information.
u To drag and drop between cells within a spreadsheet
(1) Use the stylus to select the cell or range of cells you want to copy so it is highlighted.
Lift the stylus from the screen after you select the cell(s).
• See “Selecting Cells” on page 13-3-5 for information about selecting cells.
(2) Hold the stylus against the selected cell(s).
Selection boundary
• Check to make sure that a white selection boundary appears where you hold the
stylus against the screen.
• If you have multiple cells selected (highlighted), the selection boundary will appear
only around the single cell where the stylus is located. See “Dragging and Dropping
Multiple Cells” on page 13-4-15 for more information.
(3) Drag the stylus to the desired location and then lift the stylus to drop the cell(s) in
place.
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13-4-15
Editing Cell Contents
k Dragging and Dropping Multiple Cells
• When dragging multiple cells, only the cell where the stylus is located has a selection
boundary around it.
Selection boundary
(cursor held against C2)
• When you release the stylus from the screen, the top left cell of the group (originally A1 in
the above example) will be located where you drop the selection boundary.
Selection boundary
dropped here (A8)
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13-4-16
Editing Cell Contents
u To drag and drop within the edit box
(1) Select the cell whose contents you want to edit.
(2) Tap the edit box to enter the edit mode.
(3) Tap the edit box again to display the editing cursor (a solid blinking cursor).
(4) Drag the stylus across the characters you want to move, so they are highlighted.
(5) Holding the stylus against the selected characters, drag to the desired location.
(6) Lift the stylus to drop the characters in place.
Using Drag and Drop to Obtain Spreadsheet Graph Data
The following examples show how you can drag graph data from a Spreadsheet application
Graph window to obtain the graph’s function or the values of the graph’s data.
u To use drag and drop to obtain the function of a graph
Example: To obtain the function of the regression graph shown below
(1) Input data and draw a regression curve.
• See “Other Graph Window Operations” on page 13-8-13 for more information on
graphing.
(2) Tap the graph window to make it active.
(3) Tap the graph curve and then drag to the cell you want in the Spreadsheet window.
• You can now edit the regression equation in the Spreadsheet edit box and then drag
it back to the Graph window.
• This will cause the graph’s function to appear inside the cell.
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Editing Cell Contents
u To use drag and drop to obtain the data points of a graph
Example: To obtain the data points of the bar graph shown below
(1) Input data and draw a bar graph.
• See “Other Graph Window Operations” on page 13-8-13 for more information on
graphing.
(2) Tap the Graph window to make it active.
(3) Tap the top of any bar within the Graph window, and then drag to the cell you want in
the Spreadsheet window.
• This will cause the bar graph’s data to appear beginning at the cell you tapped.
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13-5-1
Using the Spreadsheet Application with the eActivity Application
13-5 Using the Spreadsheet Application with the
eActivity Application
You can display the Spreadsheet application from within the eActivity application. This
makes it possible to drag data between the Spreadsheet and eActivity windows as desired.
Drag and Drop
After you open Spreadsheet within eActivity, you can drag and drop information between the
two application windows.
Example 1: To drag the contents of a single cell from the Spreadsheet window to the
eActivity window
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Tap m to display the application menu, and then tap A to start the eActivity
application.
(2) From the eActivity application menu, tap [Insert] and then [Spreadsheet].
• This inserts a Spreadsheet data strip, and displays the Spreadsheet window in the
lower half of the screen.
Spreadsheet
data strip
Spreadsheet window
• Note that a Spreadsheet data strip works the same way as the Spreadsheet.
(3) Input the text or value you want into the Spreadsheet window.
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Using the Spreadsheet Application with the eActivity Application
(4) Select the cell you want and drag it to the first available line in the eActivity window.
• This inserts the contents of the cell in the eActivity window.
(5) You can now experiment with the data in the eActivity window.
Example 2: To drag a calculation expression from the Spreadsheet edit box to the eActivity
window
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Tap m to display the application menu, and then tap A to start the eActivity
application.
(2) From the eActivity application menu, tap [Insert] and then [Spreadsheet].
• This inserts a Spreadsheet data strip, and displays the Spreadsheet window in the
lower half of the screen.
(3) Select a Spreadsheet cell and input the expression you want.
(4) Tap the edit box to select (highlight) all of the contents of the edit box.
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Using the Spreadsheet Application with the eActivity Application
(5) Drag the contents of the edit box to the first available line in the eActivity window.
• This inserts the contents of the edit box in the eActivity window as a text string.
(6) You can now experiment with the data in the eActivity window.
• The basic operations for the following example are the same for the other examples
described above.
Example 3: Dragging multiple Spreadsheet cells to the eActivity window
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Using the Spreadsheet Application with the eActivity Application
Example 4: Dragging data from eActivity to the Spreadsheet window
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13-6-1
Using the Action Menu
13-6 Using the Action Menu
Most of the functions that are available from the [Action] menu are similar to those on the
[List-Calculation] sub-menu of the standard [Action] menu.
Spreadsheet [Action] Menu Basics
The following example demonstrates the basic procedure for using functions within the
[Action] menu.
Example: To calculate the sum of the following data, and then to add 100 to it
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Using the Action Menu
uClassPad Operation
(1) With the stylus, tap the cell where you want the result to appear.
• In this example, we would tap cell A1.
(2) On the [Action] menu, tap [sum].
• This inputs an equal sign and the [sum] function into
the edit box.
(3) Use the stylus to drag across the range of data
cells from A7 to C12 to select them.
• “A7:C12” appears to the right of the open parenthesis
of the [sum] function.
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Using the Action Menu
(4) Tap the s button to the right of the edit box.
• This automatically closes the parentheses, calculates
the sum of the values in the selected range, and
displays the result in cell A1.
• You could skip this step and input the closing
parentheses by pressing the ) key on the keypad,
if you want.
(5) Tap the edit box to activate it again, and then tap to the right of the last parenthesis.
(6) Press the + key and then input 100.
(7) Tap the s button to the right of the edit box.
• This calculates the result and displays it in cell A1.
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Using the Action Menu
Action Menu Functions
This section describes how to use each function in the [Action] menu. Please note that start
cell:end cell is equivalent to entering a list.
u min
Function: Returns the lowest value contained in the range of specified cells.
Syntax: min(start cell[:end cell][,start cell[:end cell]]/ [,value])
Example: To determine the lowest value in the block whose upper left corner is located at A7
and whose lower right corner is located at C12, and input the result in cell A1:
u max
Function: Returns the greatest value contained in the range of specified cells.
Syntax: max(start cell[:end cell][,start cell[:end cell]]/ [,value])
Example: To determine the greatest value in the block whose upper left corner is located at
A7 and whose lower right corner is located at C12, and input the result in cell A1:
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Using the Action Menu
u mean
Function: Returns the mean of the values contained in the range of specified cells.
Syntax: mean(start cell:end cell[,start cell:end cell])
Example: To determine the mean of the values in the block whose upper left corner is
located at A7 and whose lower right corner is located at C12, and input the
result in cell A1:
u median
Function: Returns the median of the values contained in the range of specified cells.
Syntax: median(start cell:end cell[,start cell:end cell])
Example: To determine the median of the values in the block whose upper left corner is
located at A7 and whose lower right corner is located at C12, and input the
result in cell A1:
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Using the Action Menu
u mode
Function: Returns the mode of the values contained in the range of specified cells.
Syntax: mode(start cell:end cell[,start cell:end cell])
Example: To determine the mode of the values in the block whose upper left corner is
located at A7 and whose lower right corner is located at C12, and input the
result in cell A1:
u sum
Function: Returns the sum of the values contained in the range of specified cells.
Syntax: sum(start cell:end cell[,start cell:end cell])
Example: To determine the sum of the values in the block whose upper left corner is
located at A7 and whose lower right corner is located at C12, and input the
result in cell A1:
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Using the Action Menu
u prod
Function: Returns the product of the values contained in the range of specified cells.
Syntax: prod(start cell:end cell[,start cell:end cell])
Example: To determine the product of the values in cells A7 and A8, and input the result in
cell A1:
u cuml
Function: Returns the cumulative sums of the values contained in the range of specified
cells.
Syntax: cuml(start cell:end cell)
Example: To determine the cumulative sums of the values in cells B1 through B3, and
input the result in cell A1:
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Using the Action Menu
u Alist
Function: Returns the differences between values in each of the adjacent cells in the
range of specified cells.
Syntax: Alist(start cell:end cell)
Example: To determine the differences of the values in cells B1 through B3, and input the
result in cell A1:
u stdDev
Function: Returns the sample standard deviation of the values contained in the range of
specified cells.
Syntax: stdDev(start cell:end cell)
Example: To determine the sample standard deviation of the values in the block whose
upper left corner is located at A7 and whose lower right corner is located at C12,
and input the result in cell A1:
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Using the Action Menu
u variance
Function: Returns the sample variance of the values contained in the range of specified
cells.
Syntax: variance(start cell:end cell)
Example: To determine the sample variance of the values in the block whose upper left
corner is located at A7 and whose lower right corner is located at C12, and input
the result in cell A1:
u Q1
Function: Returns the first quartile of the values contained in the range of specified cells.
Syntax: Q1(start cell:end cell[,start cell:end cell])
Example: To determine the first quartile of the values in the block whose upper left corner
is located at A7 and whose lower right corner is located at C12, and input the
result in cell A1:
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Using the Action Menu
u Q3
Function: Returns the third quartile of the values contained in the range of specified cells.
Syntax: Q3(start cell:end cell[,start cell:end cell])
Example: To determine the third quartile of the values in the block whose upper left corner
is located at A7 and whose lower right corner is located at C12, and input the
result in cell A1:
u percent
Function: Returns the percentage of each value in the range of specified cells, the sum of
which is 100%.
Syntax: percent(start cell:end cell)
Example: To determine the percentage of the values in cells B1 through B4, and input the
result in cell A1:
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Using the Action Menu
u polyEval
Function: Returns a polynomial arranged in descending order. The coefficients correspond
sequentially to each value in the range of specified cells.
Syntax: polyEval(start cell:end cell[,start cell:end cell]/ [,variable])
Example: To create a second degree polynomial with coefficients that correspond to the
values in cells B1 through B3, and input the result in cell A1:
• “x” is the default variable when you do not specify one above.
• To specify “y” as the variable, for example, enter “=polyEval(B1:B3,y)”.
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Using the Action Menu
u sequence
Function: Returns the lowest-degree polynomial that generates the sequence expressed
by the values in a list or range of specified cells. If we evaluate the polynomial at
2, for example, the result will be the second value in our list.
Syntax: sequence(start cell:end cell[,start cell:end cell][,variable])
Example: To determine a polynomial for the sequence values in cells B1 through B4 and a
variable of “y”, and input the result in cell A1:
• “x” is the default variable when you do not specify one above.
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Using the Action Menu
u sumSeq
Function: Determines the lowest-degree polynomial that generates the sum of the first n
terms of your sequence. If we evaluate the resulting polynomial at 1, for
example, the result will be the first value in your list. If we evaluate the resulting
polynomial at 2, the result will be the sum of the first two values in your list.
When two columns of values or two lists are specified, the resulting polynomial
returns a sum based on a sequence.
Syntax: sumSeq(start cell:end cell[,start cell:end cell][,variable])
Example: To determine a polynomial that generates the sum of the first n terms for the
sequence expressed by the values in cells B1 through B4 with a variable of “y”,
and input the result in cell A1:
• “x” is the default variable when you do not specify one above.
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Using the Action Menu
u row
Function: Returns the row number of a specified cell.
Syntax: row(cell)
Example: To determine the row number of cell A7 and input the result in cell A1:
u col
Function: Returns the column number of a specified cell.
Syntax: col(cell)
Example: To determine the column number of cell C9 and input the result in cell A1:
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Using the Action Menu
u count
Function: Returns a count of the number of cells in the specified range.
Syntax: count(start cell[:end cell])
Example: To count the number of cells in the block whose upper left corner is located at A7
and whose lower right corner is located at C12, and input the result in cell A1:
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13-7-1
Formatting Cells and Data
13-7 Formatting Cells and Data
This section explains how to control the format of the spreadsheet and the data contained in
the cells.
Standard (Fractional) and Decimal (Approximate) Modes
You can use the following procedure to control whether a specific cell, row, or column, or the
entire spreadsheet should use the standard mode (fractional format) or decimal mode
(approximate value).
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Select the cell(s) whose format you want to specify.
• See “Selecting Cells” on page 13-3-5 for information about selecting cells.
(2) On the toolbar, tap the left button (, /.) to toggle between the standard mode and
the decimal mode.
Plain Text and Bold Text
Use the following procedure to toggle the text of a specific cell, row, or column, or the entire
spreadsheet between plain and bold.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Select the cell(s) whose text setting you want to specify.
• See “Selecting Cells” on page 13-3-5 for information about selecting cells.
(2) On the toolbar, tap the M/B button to toggle between bold and plain text.
Text and Calculation Data Types
Make use of the following procedure to toggle a specific cell, row, or column, or the entire
spreadsheet for either text or calculation data types.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Select the cell(s) whose format you want to specify.
• See “Selecting Cells” on page 13-3-5 for information about selecting cells.
(2) On the toolbar, tap the u /< button to toggle between Text Input mode and
Calculation Input mode.
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Formatting Cells and Data
Text Alignment
With the following procedure, you can specify justified, align left, center, or align right for a
specific cell, row, or column, or the entire spreadsheet.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Select the cell(s) whose alignment setting you want to specify.
• See “Selecting Cells” on page 13-3-5 for information about selecting cells.
(2) On the toolbar, tap the down arrow button next to the [ button.
(3) On the button menu that appears, tap the text alignment option you want to use.
For this type of alignment:
Tap this option:
Left and right justified
[
p
x
]
Left
Center
Right
Number Format
Use the following procedure to specify the number format (Normal 1, Normal 2, Fix 0 – 9,
Sci 0 – 9) of a specific cell, row, or column, or the entire spreadsheet.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Select the cell(s) whose number format setting you want to specify.
• See “Selecting Cells” on page 13-3-5 for information about selecting cells.
(2) On the [Edit] menu, tap [Number Format].
(3) On the dialog box that appears, select the number format you want to use.
(4) Tap [OK].
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13-7-3
Formatting Cells and Data
Changing the Width of a Column
There are three different methods you can use to control the width of a column: dragging
with the stylus, using the [Column Width] command, or using the [AutoFit Selection]
command.
u To change the width of a column using the stylus
Use the stylus to drag the edge of a column header left or right until it is the desired width.
u To change the width of a column using the Column Width command
(1) Tap any cell in the column whose width you want to change.
• You could also drag the stylus to select multiple columns, if you want.
(2) On the [Edit] menu, tap [Column Width].
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Formatting Cells and Data
(3) On the dialog box that appears, enter a value in the [Width] box to specify the desired
width of the column in pixels.
• You can also use the [Range] box to specify a different column from the one you
selected in step (1) above, or a range of columns. Entering B1:D1 in the [Range] box,
for example, will change columns B, C, and D to the width you specify.
(4) After everything is the way you want, tap [OK] to change the column width.
u To change the width of a column using the AutoFit Selection command
Example: To use [AutoFit Selection] to adjust the column width to display the value
1234567890
(1) Tap a cell and input the value.
• Since the value is too long to fit in the cell, it is converted automatically to exponential
format. Notice, however, that the entire value appears in the edit box.
(2) Select the cell you want to auto fit.
• You can also select a range of cells in the same column or an entire column. In this
case, the column width is adjusted to fit the largest data value in the column.
• You can also select a range of cells or an entire row. In this case, each column width
is adjusted to fit the largest data in its column.
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Formatting Cells and Data
(3) On the [Edit] menu, tap [AutoFit Selection].
• This causes the column width to be adjusted automatically so the entire value can be
displayed.
• Note that [AutoFit Selection] also will reduce the width of a column, if applicable. The
following shows what happens when [AutoFit Selection] is executed while a cell that
contains a single digit is selected.
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13-8-1
Graphing
13-8 Graphing
The Spreadsheet application lets you draw a variety of different graphs for analyzing data.
You can combine line and column graphs, and the interactive editing feature lets you change
a graph by dragging its points on the display.
Graph Menu
After selecting data on the spreadsheet, use the [Graph] menu to select the type of graph
you want to draw. You can also use the [Graph] menu to specify whether to graph data by
column or row.
The following explains each of the [Graph] menu commands, and shows examples of what
happens to the Graph window when you execute a command.
Note
• The following examples show the appearance of graph screens after tapping r on the
icon panel so the Graph window fills the entire screen.
• Each command is followed by a button in parentheses to show the graph toolbar button
that performs the same action as the command.
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Graphing
u [Graph] - [Line] - [Clustered] ( D )
u [Graph] - [Line] - [Stacked] ( F )
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Graphing
u [Graph] - [Line] - [100% Stacked] ( G )
u [Graph] - [Column] - [Clustered] ( H )
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Graphing
u [Graph] - [Column] - [Stacked] ( J )
u [Graph] - [Column] - [100% Stacked] ( K )
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Graphing
u [Graph] - [Bar] - [Clustered] ( L )
u [Graph] - [Bar] - [Stacked] ( : )
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Graphing
u [Graph] - [Bar] - [100% Stacked] ( " )
u [Graph] - [Pie] ( Z )
• When you select a pie chart, only the first series (row or column) of the selected data is
used.
• Tapping any of the sections of a pie graph causes three values to appear at the bottom of
the screen: the cell location, a data value for the section, and a percent value that indicates
the portion of the total data that the data value represents.
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Graphing
u [Graph] - [Scatter] ( X )
• In the case of a scatter graph, the first series (column or row) of selected values is used as
the x-values for all plots. The other selected values are used as the y-value for each of the
plots. This means if you select four columns of data (like Columns A, B, C, and D), for
example, there will be three different plot point types: (A, B), (A, C), and (A, D).
• Scatter graphs initially have plotted points only. You can add lines by selecting [Lines] on
the [View] menu.
u [Graph] - [Row Series]
Selecting this option treats each row as a set of data. The value in each column is plotted as
a vertical axis value. The following shows a graph of the same data as the above example,
except this time [Row Series] is selected.
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13-8-8
Graphing
u [Graph] - [Column Series]
Selecting this option treats each column as a separate set of data. The value in each row is
plotted as a vertical axis value. The following shows a typical clustered column graph while
[Column Series] is selected, and the data that produced it.
Graph Window Menus and Toolbar
The following describes the special menus and toolbar that appears whenever the
Spreadsheet application Graph window is on the display.
k O Menu
• See “Using the O Menu” on page 1-5-4.
k Edit Menu
• See “Edit Menu” on page 13-2-1.
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Graphing
k View Menu
Many of the [View] menu commands can also be executed by tapping Spreadsheet
application Graph window toolbar buttons.
Tap this
Or select this
To do this:
toolbar button: [View] menu item:
Change the function of the stylus so it can be
used to select and move points on the displayed
graph
G
Select
Start a box zoom operation
Q
T
Zoom Box
Pan
Activate the pan function for dragging the Graph
window with the stylus
Enlarge the display image
W
E
Zoom In
Reduce the size of the display image
Zoom Out
Adjust the size of the display image so it fits the
display
R
q
—
Zoom to Fit
Toggle Axes
Markers
Toggle display of axes and coordinate values on
and off
Toggle line graph and scatter graph plot markers
on and off
Toggle line graph and scatter connecting lines
on and off
—
Lines
k Type Menu
• The [Type] menu is identical to the [Graph] menu described on page 13-8-1.
k Series Menu
All of the [Series] menu commands can also be executed by tapping a Graph window toolbar
button.
• All of the [Series] menu operations are available only when there is a clustered line graph
or a clustered column graph on the Graph window.
• In all of the following cases, you first need to tap a plot point or a column to specify which
data you want to use for the operation you are about to perform.
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Graphing
Tap this
Or select this
To do this:
toolbar button: [Series] menu item:
Display a linear regression curve
d
f
Trend - Linear
Trend - Polynomial -
Quadratic
Display a quadratic regression curve
Display a cubic regression curve
Display a quartic regression curve
Display a quintic regression curve
Trend - Polynomial -
Cubic
g
h
j
k
Trend - Polynomial -
Quartic
Trend - Polynomial -
Quintic
Display an exponential AeBx regression curve
Trend - Exponential
Display a logarithmic Aln(x) + B regression curve
Display a power AxB regression curve
l
;
Trend - Logarithmic
Trend - Power
Convert the data of the selected column to a
line graph
z
'
Line
Convert the data of the selected line to a column
graph
Column
Important!
• Exponential and logarithmic regression curves ignore negative values when calculating the
curve. A message appears in the status bar to let you know when negative values are
ignored.
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Graphing
Basic Graphing Steps
The following are the basic steps for graphing spreadsheet data.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Input the data you want to graph into the spreadsheet.
(2) Use the [Graph] menu to specify whether you want to graph the data by row or by
column.
To do this:
Select this [Graph] menu option:
Row Series
Graph the data by row
Graph the data by column
Column Series
• See “Graph Menu” on page 13-8-1 for more information.
(3) Select the cells that contain the data you want to graph.
• See “Selecting Cells” on page 13-3-5 for information about selecting data.
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Graphing
(4) On the [Graph] menu, select the type of graph you want to draw. Or you can tap the
applicable icon on the toolbar.
• This draws the selected graph. See “Graph Menu” on page 13-8-1 for examples of
the different types of graphs that are available.
• You can change to another type of graph at any time by selecting the graph type you
want on the [Type] menu. Or you can tap the applicable icon on the toolbar.
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Graphing
Other Graph Window Operations
This section provides more details about the types of operations you can perform while the
Graph window is on the display.
u To show or hide lines and markers
(1) While a line graph or a scatter graph is on the Graph window, tap the [View] menu.
Lines and markers both turned on
(2) Tap the [Markers] or [Lines] item to toggle it between show (checkbox selected) and
hide (checkbox cleared).
Lines turned on, markers hidden
Markers turned on, lines hidden
• Line and scatter graphs can have markers only, lines only, or both markers and lines.
You cannot turn off both markers and lines at the same time.
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Graphing
u To change a line in a clustered line graph to a column graph
(1) Draw the clustered line graph.
(2) With the stylus, tap any data point on the line you wish to change to a column graph.
(3) On the [Series] menu, tap [Column].
• You could also tap the down arrow button next to the third tool button from the left,
and then tap '.
• You can change more than one line to a column graph, if you want.
• You can change a column graph back to a line graph by selecting one of its columns
and tapping [Line] on the [Series] menu.
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13-8-15
Graphing
u To change a column in a clustered column graph to a line
(1) Draw the clustered column graph.
(2) With the stylus, tap any one of the columns you wish to change to a line graph.
(3) On the [Series] menu, tap [Line].
• You could also tap the down arrow button next to the third tool button from the left,
and then tap z.
• You can change more than one column to a line graph, if you want.
• You can change a line graph back to a column graph by selecting one of its data
points and tapping [Column] on the [Series] menu.
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Graphing
u To display a regression curve
(1) Draw a clustered line graph or clustered column graph.
• A regression curve can be drawn for a line, column, or scatter graph only.
• The above shows a stacked line graph.
(2) With the stylus, tap any point of the data for which you want to draw the regression
curve.
(3) Use the [Series] menu to select the type of regression curve you want.
• You could also tap the down arrow button next to the third tool button from the left,
and tap an icon to select the regression curve type.
• See “Series Menu” on page 13-8-9 for information about regression curve types.
• Here, we will select quartic regression.
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Graphing
• This causes the applicable regression curve to appear in the Graph window.
• Tapping the regression curve selects it and displays its equation in the status bar.
• You can drag and drop the regression curve to a cell or the edit box in the
Spreadsheet window.
• To delete all displayed regression curves, select [Clear All] on the [Edit] menu.
• Note that regression curves are also deleted automatically if you change to another
graph style.
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Graphing
u To find out the percentage of data for each pie graph section
(1) While the display is split between the pie graph and the Spreadsheet windows, tap the
pie graph to select it.
(2) On the [Edit] menu, tap [Copy].
(3) Tap the Spreadsheet window to make it active.
(4) Tap the cell where you want to paste the data.
• The cell you tap will be the upper left cell of the group of cells that will be pasted.
(5) On the [Edit] menu, tap [Paste].
• This pastes two columns of values. The numbers in the left column are pie graph
section numbers. The values in the right column are the percentages that the data in
each section of the pie graph represents.
u To change View Window settings
(1) While a graph is on the Graph window, tap O, [Settings], and then [View Window].
• This displays the current View Window settings.
(2) Change the View Window settings, if you want.
• See “Configuring View Window Parameters for the Graph Window” on page 3-2-1 for
information about using the View Window.
(3) After the settings are the way you want, tap [OK] to apply them.
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Graphing
u To change the appearance of the axes
While a graph is on the Graph window, select [Toggle Axes] on the [View] menu or tap the
q toolbar button to cycle through axes settings in the following sequence: axes on → axes
and values on → axes and values off →.
u To change the appearance of a graph by dragging a point
While a graph is on the Graph window, use the stylus to drag any one of its data points to
change the configuration of the graph.
• You can change curves, make bars or columns longer or shorter, or change the size of pie
graph sections.
• Changing a graph automatically changes the graph’s data on the Spreadsheet window.
Drag
Changes
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Graphing
• If a regression curve is displayed for the data whose graph is being changed by dragging,
the regression curve also changes automatically in accordance with the drag changes.
• When you edit data in the spreadsheet and press E, your graph will update automatically.
Important!
• You can drag a point only if it corresponds to a fixed value on the spreadsheet. You cannot
drag a point if it corresponds to a formula.
• You may encounter the message “Insufficient System Memory to Run...” if you are using a
large amount of data and formulas. We are sorry for the inconvenience. To work with larger
amounts of data and formulas we recommend that you use Spreadsheet within the
ClassPad Manager software on your PC.
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Chapter
Using the Setup Menu
The [Setup] menu gives you the means to specify the display
format of numeric values and the initial default values for each
application, and to configure a variety of other basic settings.
14-1 Setup Menu Overview
14-2 Using the Setup Menu
14-3 Setup Menu Settings
14
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14-1-1
Setup Menu Overview
14-1 Setup Menu Overview
The following describes each of the commands that are available on the [Setup] menu.
Select this [Setup]
To do this:
menu command:
Configure general calculation, cell, and other basic settings for
all built-in applications
Basic Format
Configure Graph window and graph drawing settings for
Graph & Table, Conics, and other graphing applications
Graph Format
Configure 3D Graph window and graph drawing settings for
3D Graph application
3D Format
Configure Presentation application settings
Configure Communication application settings
Presentation
Communication
Returns all [Setup] menu settings to their initial default values
(except for the current folder setting specified on the Basic Format
dialog box)
Default Setup
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Using the Setup Menu
14-2 Using the Setup Menu
The following are the basic steps you should follow when using the [Setup] menu.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Open any application.
(2) Tap O and [Settings], or tap s on the icon panel. Then tap [Setup].
• This displays the [Setup] menu.
(3) Tap the [Setup] menu command you want: Basic Format, Graph Format, 3D Format,
Presentation, or Communication.
• To configure Graph Format settings, for example, tap O and [Settings], or tap s.
Next, tap [Setup] and then [Graph Format]. This displays the Graph Format dialog
box.
• Some setup dialog boxes contain multiple tabbed sheets like the Graph Format
dialog box. Tap the tab for the sheet that contains the settings you want to configure.
(4) Use the dialog box to configure the settings you want.
• For details about the settings you can configure on each of the dialog boxes, see
“14-3 Setup Menu Settings”.
• Some settings require specification of a variable. For more information, see
“Specifying a Variable” on the next page.
(5) To close a dialog box and apply its settings, tap [Set]. To close a dialog box without
applying its settings, tap [Cancel] or the
box.
button in the upper right corner of the dialog
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Using the Setup Menu
Specifying a Variable
Certain settings require that you specify variables. If you specify a user-stored variable when
configuring the setting of such an item, you must specify the folder where the variable is
stored and the variable name.
Example: To use [Table Variable] on the [Cell] tab of the Basic Format dialog box for
configuring a user variable
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Tap Oand [Settings], or tap s on the icon panel, and then tap [Setup] and
[Basic Format].
• This displays the Basic Format dialog box.
(2) Tap the [Cell] tab.
(3) Tap the [Table Variable] down arrow button.
• This displays a list of variables.
(4) On the list, tap “Select List Name…”.
• This displays the Select Data dialog box for selecting a variable.
Variable type
Select the folder where
the variable is stored.
Specify the variable name.
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Using the Setup Menu
(5) Use the Select Data dialog box to specify the folder where the variable is saved, and
then specify the variable name.
• The sample dialog box in step (4) shows selection of the list variable named “ab”,
which is located in the folder named “main”.
(6) Tap [OK].
• This closes the Select Data dialog box.
This line shows the <folder
name>\<variable name>
specified in step (5) (“main\ab”
in this case).
This box indicates that
“main\ab” is selected for Table
Variable.
(7) Tap [Set] to save your settings.
Initializing All Setup Menu Settings
Perform the following procedure when you want to return all [Setup] menu settings to their
initial defaults.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Tap O and [Settings], or tap s on the icon panel, and then tap [Setup] and [Default
Setup].
(2) In response to the “Reset Setup Data?” message that appears, tap [OK] to initialize all
settings or [Cancel] to cancel the reset operation.
• If you tap [OK], the settings are initialized and then a dialog box appears on the
display.
• For details about the initial default setting for each item, see “Setup Menu Settings”
below.
Tip
• Initializing the [Setup] menu settings does not affect the current folder setting on the Basic
Format dialog box. For details about the current folder, see “Specifying the Current Folder” on
page 1-8-3.
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Setup Menu Settings
14-3 Setup Menu Settings
This section provides details about all of the settings you can configure using the [Setup]
menu settings.
The following two points apply to all of the dialog boxes.
• Some settings involve turning options on or off. Selecting a check box next to an option
(so it has a check mark) turns it on, while clearing the check box turns it off.
• Other settings consist of a text box with a down arrow button on the right. Tap the down
arrow button to display a list of available settings, and then tap the setting you want.
Important!
• Settings that are marked with an asterisk (*) in the following tables are the initial defaults.
Basic Format Dialog Box
Use the Basic Format dialog box to configure basic settings for calculations, cells, and other
parameters.
Common Tab
u Current Folder
To specify this folder as the current folder:
Select this setting:
main*
main
A user-defined folder
Any other setting
• [Current Folder] settings can also be configured using the Variable Manager. For more
information, see “Specifying the Current Folder” on page 1-8-3.
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Setup Menu Settings
u Display
To specify this type of numeric value display format:
Select this setting:
Auto exponential display for values less than 10–2 and from 1010
or greater (when you are in the Decimal mode)
Normal 1*
Auto exponential display for values less than 10–9 and from 1010
or greater (when you are in the Decimal mode)
Normal 2
Fixed number of decimal places
Fixed number of significant digits
Fix 0 – 9
Sci 0 – 9
u Angle
To specify this angle unit:
Select this setting:
Radian*
Radians
Degrees
Degree
u Advanced
To do this:
Do this:
Perform complex number calculations
(Complex mode)
Select the [Complex Format] check
box.
Perform real number calculations (Real mode)
Clear the [Complex Format] check box.*
Display results as a decimal
(Decimal mode)*1
Select the [Decimal Calculation]
check box.
Leave calculation results as expressions
(Standard mode)*1
Clear the [Decimal Calculation]
check box.*
Turn off auto simplification of expressions
(Assistant mode)*2
Select the [Assistant] check box.
Clear the [Assistant] check box.*
Turn on auto simplification of expressions
(Algebra mode)*2
*1 Executing 1 ÷ 2 in the Decimal mode produces a result of 0.5, while the Standard mode
1
2
produces a result of
.
*2 Executing x2 + 2x + 3x + 6 E in the Assistant mode produces a result of x2 + 2• x + 3• x +
6, while the Algebra mode produces a result of x2 + 5• x + 6.
Important!
The Assistant mode is available in the Main application and eActivity application only.
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Setup Menu Settings
Cell Tab
u Cell Width Pattern
u Table Variable
To specify this row width
for list editor and data
table displays:
To specify this
source for table data:
Select this
setting:
Select this
setting:
Table input
List data
Table Input*
<list name>
2 cells
3 cells
4 cells
2 Cells
3 Cells*
4 Cells
u ∑display
u Summary Table
Select this
setting:
To specify this source
for summary table data: setting:
Select this
To do this:
Turn on display of subtotals
for sequence tables
View Window
List data
View Window*
On
<list name>
Turn off display of subtotals
for sequence tables
Off*
u Summary Table f ”(x)
Select this
setting:
To do this:
Turn on display of the second derivative for summary tables
Turn off display of the second derivative for summary tables
On*
Off
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Setup Menu Settings
Graph Format Dialog Box
Use the Graph Format dialog box to configure settings for the Graph window and for drawing
graphs.
Basic Tab
To do this:
Do this:
Select the [Graph Function] check
box.*
Turn on display of function name and function
Clear the [Graph Function] check
box.
Turn off display of function name and function
Turn on display of Graph window pointer
coordinates
Select the [Coordinates] check
box.*
Turn off display of Graph window pointer
coordinates
Clear the [Coordinates] check box.
Turn on display of Graph window grid
Turn off display of Graph window grid
Turn on display of Graph window axes
Turn off display of Graph window axes
Turn on display of Graph window axis labels
Turn off display of Graph window axis labels
Select the [Grid Points] check box.
Clear the [Grid Points] check box.*
Select the [Axes] check box.*
Clear the [Axes] check box.
Select the [Labels] check box.
Clear the [Labels] check box.*
Select the [Leading Cursor] check
box.
Turn on display of leading cursor during graphing
Turn off display of leading cursor during graphing
Clear the [Leading Cursor] check
box.*
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Setup Menu Settings
To do this:
Do this:
Draw multiple graphs simultaneously
Draw multiple graphs one-by-one
Select the [Simul Graph] check box.
Clear the [Simul Graph] check box.*
Turn on display of coordinates of your graph and
its derivative in the Ordered Pair table
Select the [Derivative/Slope] check
box.
Turn off display of coordinates of Graph window
pointer and derivative on number table display
Clear the [Derivative/Slope] check
box.*
Turn on display of graph controller arrows during
graphing
Select the [G-Controller] check
box.*
Turn off display of graph controller arrows during
graphing
Clear the [G-Controller] check box.
Set Statistics application View Window settings
automatically
Select the [Stat Window Auto]
check box.*
Set Statistics application View Window settings
manually
Clear the [Stat Window Auto] check
box.
Special Tab
u Background
u Draw Type
Select this
setting:
Select this
setting:
To do this:
To do this:
Turn off Graph window
background display
Draw graphs with plotted
points only
Off*
Plot
Select an image to be
used as the Graph window <pict name>
background
Draw graphs with plotted
points connected by lines
Connect*
u ∑display
To do this:
Select this setting:
Turn on display of subtotals for sequence tables
Turn off display of subtotals for sequence tables
On
Off*
• The above is the same as the [∑display] setting on the Basic Format dialog box.
u Set Sequence
To do this:
Select this setting:
Turn on display of expressions created after graph drawing
Turn off display of expressions created after graph drawing
Require pressing of E for expression display
On*
Off
StepDisp
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Setup Menu Settings
3D Format Dialog Box
Use the 3D Format dialog box to configure settings for
the 3D Graph window and for drawing 3D graphs.
For full details about the 3D Graph application,
see Chapter 5.
u Axes
u Coordinates
Select this
setting:
Select this
setting:
To do this:
To do this:
Display axes normally
On
Display coordinate values
using rectangular
coordinates
Rectangular*
Display box type
coordinate axes
Box
Off*
Display coordinate values
using polar coordinates
Turn off display of axes
Polar
Off
Turn off display of
coordinates
u Labels
To do this:
Select this setting:
Turn on display of Graph window axis labels
Turn off display of Graph window axis labels
On
Off*
u Background
To do this:
Select this setting:
Turn off Graph window background display
Off*
Select an image to be used as the Graph
window background
<pict name>
• The above is the same as the [Background] setting on the Graph Format dialog box.
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Setup Menu Settings
u G-Controller
To do this:
Do this:
Turn on display of graph controller arrows
during graphing
Select the [G-Controller] check box.*
Turn off display of graph controller arrows
during graphing
Clear the [G-Controller] check box.
• The above is the same as the [G-Controller] setting on the Graph Format dialog box.
Presentation Dialog Box
Use the Presentation dialog box to configure settings for the
Presentation application. For full details about the
Presentation application, see Chapter 11.
To do this:
Do this:
Send hard copy data to an external device
Select “To outer device” for [Hard Copy].*
Save hard copy data internally as Presentation
data
Select “Presentation” for [Hard Copy].
Specify a [Play Speed] value from 1
(fastest) to 10 (slowest).
Specify the page change speed for Auto Play
Capture the upper half of the window when h Select the [Half Screen Capturing] check
is tapped
box.
Clear the [Half Screen Capturing] check
box.*
Capture the entire window when h is tapped
Turn on repeat playback of files
Turn off repeat playback of files
Select the [Repeat] check box.
Clear the [Repeat] check box.*
Turn on page number display during playback
and editing
Select the [Page Number] check box.*
Clear the [Page Number ] check box.
Turn off page number display during playback
and editing
• The initial default [Play Speed] setting is 4.
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Setup Menu Settings
Communication Dialog Box
Use the Communication dialog box to configure
communication settings. For full details about the
Communication application, see Chapter 16.
u Hard Copy
u Cable Type
To do this with hard
copy data generated by
tapping h:
To use this type of
cable for data
communication:
Select this
setting:
Select this
setting:
Send hard copy data to an To outer
3-pin cable
USB cable
3pin cable
external device
device*
USB cable*
Save hard copy data
internally as Presentation Presentation
data
u Speed (3Pin)
u Wakeup Enable
To specify this data rate
for 3-pin communication: setting:
Select this
Select this
setting:
To do this:
9,600 bps
9600 bps
Turn on the wakeup
function (page 16-3-2)
On*
Off
38,400 bps
115,200 bps
38400 bps
115200 bps*
Turn off the wakeup
function
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Chapter
Configuring System
Settings
The ClassPad unit’s System application lets you configure global
system settings and access system information.
15-1 System Setting Overview
15-2 Managing Memory Usage
15-3 Using the Reset Dialog Box
15-4 Initializing Your ClassPad
15-5 Adjusting Display Contrast
15-6 Configuring Power Properties
15-7 Specifying the Display Language
15-8 Specifying the Font Set
15-9 Specifying the Alphabetic Keyboard Arrangement
15-10 Optimizing “Flash ROM”
15-11 Specifying the Ending Screen Image
15-12 Adjusting Touch Panel Alignment
15-13 Viewing Version Information
15
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15-1-1
System Setting Overview
15-1 System Setting Overview
This section describes the configuration of the System application window, and provides
information about its menus and commands.
Starting Up the System Application
Use the following procedure to start up the System application.
u ClassPad Operation
On the application menu, tap Y.
This starts the System application and displays the Memory Usage window.
System Application Window
The [Main Memory] sheet appears first on the Memory Usage window whenever you start up
the System application. You can use this sheet to find out how much memory is being used
for specific tasks. Other sheets contain information about memory being used by add-in
applications, eActivity, and built-in languages.
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System Setting Overview
System Application Menus and Buttons
To perform an operation in the System application, select it on the [System] menu or tap the
applicable toolbar button.
Tap this Or select this
To do this:
button:
System menu item:
Reset the ClassPad unit (which deletes all variable
and program data in main memory and all eActivity
data in the storage area)
;
Reset
Initialize the ClassPad unit (which returns all flash
ROM data to its factory default state)
'
Initialize
Adjust display contrast
Z
X
C
>
Contrast
Configure power saving and auto power off settings
Change the display text language
Change the font set
Power Properties
Language
Font Select
Change the arrangement of the alphabet (abc) soft
keyboard
V
<
Keyboard
Optimize Flash ROM
Memory Management
Select the image data for the ending screen that
appears when the ClassPad unit is turned off
N
Ending Screen
Adjust the alignment of the touch panel
Display software version information
Display hardware version information
M
>
—
Touch Panel Alignment
Version (Software)
Version (Hardware)
• Details about each of the above settings can be found in the following sections of this
chapter.
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Managing Memory Usage
15-2 Managing Memory Usage
You can use [Memory Usage] to determine how much data is stored in the main memory and
the storage area, and to delete data.
[Memory Usage] appears first whenever you tap Y on the application menu to start up the
System application.
See “Memory Usage Sheets” below for
details about [Memory Usage] contents.
Displayed values are all approximate.
[Memory Usage] contains the following four sheets.
To view this:
Select this tab:
Memory usage of variable data and program data stored in main
memory
Main Memory
Names and memory usage of add-in applications stored in the storage
area
Add-In App.
Names and memory usage of eActivity data stored in the storage area eActivity
Names and memory usage of language data stored in the storage area Language
Memory Usage Sheets
The following sections explain the meaning of each of the sheets in [Memory Usage].
Main Memory Tab
This item:
Shows how much memory is used by this type of data:
Setup
All setup data and other setup information (page 14-1-1)
2-dimensional function data (including sheet name data and function
selection data)
Graph Sheet
3-dimensional function data (including sheet name data and function
selection data)
3D Graph Sheet
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Managing Memory Usage
This item:
Graph Summary
View Window
3D View Window
Factor
Shows how much memory is used by this type of data:
Summary table data
2-dimensional View Window parameter values
3-dimensional View Window parameter values
Zoom factor values
Table
Range values and table result values
Conics expressions
Conics Eqn
Sequential and recursion data (including function selection and other
information), and sequence data (including initial value and range
information)
Sequence
Stat List
list1 through list6
Stat Result
Numeric Solve
Ans Memory
Random Value
Main History
User Defined
Library
Statistical calculation results
Solve expression and solve range
Main application Ans data
Random command setting data
Main application history data
User-defined variables and user-created folders
“library” folder data
eActivity
eActivity application temporary data*
Geometry application temporary data*
Other system data
Geometry
System
Clipboard
Clipboard data
* “temporary data” is data that is created by an application but not saved in memory.
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Managing Memory Usage
Add-In App. Tab
This sheet lists all of the add-in applications currently installed on your ClassPad, and shows
the size of each application.
eActivity Tab
This sheet lists the names of all the files that have been created with the eActivity applica-
tion, and shows the size of each file.
Language Tab
This sheet lists language data used for the ClassPad menus and messages.
Shows the data for this language:
This item:
Deutsch
English
German
English
Español
Français
Português
Spanish
French
Portuguese
Deleting Memory Usage Data
You can use the following procedure to delete memory usage data.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Tap the memory usage tab (Main Memory, Add-In App., eActivity, or Language) that
contains the data you want to delete.
(2) Select the check box next to the item whose data you want to delete.
(3) Tap the [Delete] button.
(4) On the confirmation dialog box that appears, tap [OK] to delete the selected data, or
[Cancel] to cancel the delete operation.
• Tapping [OK] displays the message “Now deleting...” while the data is being deleted.
• The above procedure deletes all of the data you selected, and updates memory
usage values accordingly.
Tip
• You cannot delete any data that has “dim” in its check box.
• For information about deleting all variable data and program data, and deleting all eActivity data,
see “15-3 Using the Reset Dialog Box”.
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15-3-1
Using the Reset Dialog Box
15-3 Using the Reset Dialog Box
You can perform the following operations from the Reset dialog box.
• Delete all variable and program data in main memory
• Delete all eActivity data in storage memory
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the application menu, tap Y.
• This starts up the System application.
(2) Tap ; to display the Reset dialog box.
• To cancel the reset operation at any time before you
execute it in step (5) of this procedure, tap [Cancel].
(3) On the Reset dialog box, select the type of reset operation you want to perform.
To delete this type of data:
Select this option:
Variable/Program
eActivity Data
All variable and program data in main memory
All eActivity data in the storage area
All variable and program data in main memory and all
eActivity data in the storage area
BOTH
(4) After selecting the type of reset operation you want to perform, tap [Reset].
(5) In response to the confirmation message that appears, tap [OK] to perform the reset
operation, or [Cancel] to cancel.
(6) Follow the instructions that appear on the display.
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15-4-1
Initializing Your ClassPad
15-4 Initializing Your ClassPad
The initialization procedure provides you with a choice of two options. You can either clear
the Flash ROM entire and return its data to the factory default state, or you can specify
deletion of all user formulas and data, without deleting any currently installed add-in
applications.
Warning!
Initializing the ClassPad deletes anything you have input and stored in memory (including
eActivity data) since you purchased the ClassPad or last initialized it.
Before initializing the ClassPad, double-check to make sure you do not need any of the data
that will be deleted.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the application menu, tap Y.
• This starts up the System application.
(2) Tap '.
• This displays a dialog box asking if you want to retain
or delete add-in applications.
(3) Tap the button next to the initialization mode you want to select, and then tap [OK].
• This displays a confirmation asking if you really want to initialize your ClassPad.
(4) On the message dialog box, press E.
• This causes the ClassPad to restart.
(5) Perform the touch panel alignment, contrast adjustment, display language selection,
and keyboard configuration operations as their dialog boxes appear on the ClassPad
display.
• The application menu appears after you finish all of the settings in step (5).
• For more information about the procedures you need to perform in step (5), see
“Replacing Batteries and Setting Up the ClassPad” at the beginning of this user’s
guide (page 3).
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15-5-1
Adjusting Display Contrast
15-5 Adjusting Display Contrast
Use the following procedure to display the Contrast dialog box and adjust display contrast.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the application menu, tap Y.
• This starts up the System application.
(2) Tap Z to display the Contrast dialog box.
(3) Adjust display contrast.
To do this:
Tap this button:
Make the display lighter
Make the display darker
Return contrast to its initial factory default setting
Initial
• Tapping and holding or continually performs the applicable operation until you
release the button.
(4) To close the Contrast dialog box, tap [Set].
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Configuring Power Properties
15-6 Configuring Power Properties
Use the Power Properties dialog box to configure the power saving mode and auto power off
(APO) settings.
Power Saving Mode
Your ClassPad has a “resume” feature that remembers its status when you turn it off, and
restores the same status the next time you turn the ClassPad back on. Resume feature
operation requires power to operate, which means that some power continues to be
consumed even while the ClassPad is turned off. The power saving mode lets you limit how
long the resume feature continues to operate (and consume power) after you turn off the
ClassPad unit. You can specify 1 day, 1 week, or 1 month. After the time limit you specify is
reached, the resume feature is deactivated.
The following table describes the power saving mode options that are available.
Select this power saving
mode option:
To do this:
Turn off the power saving mode (unlimited resume time) Off
Limit resume operation to 1 day after power down
Limit resume operation to 1 week after power down
Limit resume operation to 1 month after power down
1 day
1 week
1 month
• The initial default for the above setting is [Off].
Auto Power Off
The Auto Power Off (APO) feature helps conserve battery power by turning off the ClassPad
unit automatically whenever you do not perform any operation for specified amount of time.
You can specify 1, 3, 6, or 60 minutes for the Auto Power Off trigger time. The initial default
APO setting is 6 minutes.
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Configuring Power Properties
Configuring Power Properties
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the application menu, tap Y.
• This starts up the System application.
(2) Tap X to display the Power Properties dialog box.
(3) Configure the Power Save Mode and Auto Power Off settings.
• See “Power Saving Mode” and “Auto Power Off” on page 15-6-1 for details about
these settings.
(4) After all the settings are the way you want, tap [Set] to apply them and close the Power
Properties dialog box, or tap [Cancel] to close without changing any settings.
• Tapping [Set] or [Cancel] returns you to [Memory Usage].
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Specifying the Display Language
15-7 Specifying the Display Language
You can use the following procedure to specify German, English, Spanish, French, or
Portuguese as the display language.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the application menu, tap Y.
• This starts up the System application.
(2) Tap C to display the Language dialog box.
(3) In the list of languages, tap the one you want to use as the display language.
(4) After the setting is the way you want, tap [Set] to apply it and close the Language
dialog box, or tap [Cancel] to close without changing the setting.
• Tapping [Set] returns you to the application menu.
Tapping [Cancel] returns you to [Memory Usage].
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Specifying the Font Set
15-8 Specifying the Font Set
You can select either “Regular” or “Bolder” as the display font type.
Regular
Bolder
Text Input
Menu
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the application menu, tap Y.
• This starts up the System application.
(2) Tap > to display the Font Select dialog box.
(3) In the list of font sets, tap the one you want to use.
(4) After the setting is the way you want, tap [Set] to apply it and close the Font Select
dialog box, or tap [Cancel] to close without changing the setting.
• Tapping [Set] returns you to the application menu.
Tapping [Cancel] returns you to [Memory Usage].
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Specifying the Alphabetic Keyboard Arrangement
15-9 Specifying the Alphabetic Keyboard
Arrangement
The Keyboard dialog box lets you select from among three different key arrangements for
the alphabetic (abc) soft keyboard: QWERTY, AZERTY, or QWERTZ. The initial default
setting is QWERTY.
QWERTY
AZERTY
QWERTZ
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the application menu, tap Y.
• This starts up the System application.
(2) Tap V to display the Keyboard dialog box.
(3) In the list of keyboard arrangements, tap the one you want to use for the alphabetic
(abc) soft keyboard.
(4) After the setting is the way you want, tap [Set] to apply it and close the Keyboard dialog
box, or tap [Cancel] to close without changing the setting.
• Tapping [Set] returns you to the application menu.
Tapping [Cancel] returns you to [Memory Usage].
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Optimizing “Flash ROM”
15-10 Optimizing “Flash ROM”
Use the following procedure to perform a “garbage collection” operation that optimizes Flash
ROM. Optimizing Flash ROM increases the amount of memory available for storage.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the application menu, tap Y.
• This starts up the System application.
(2) Tap <.
• This displays a confirmation asking if you really want
to optimize Flash ROM.
(3) Tap [Yes] to optimize Flash ROM, or [No] to cancel.
• After you tap [Yes], the message “Now Optimizing...” remains displayed while
optimization is in progress. The message “Complete!” appears when optimization is
complete.
(4) Tap [OK] to close the “Complete!” message dialog box.
• This returns you to [Memory Usage].
Tip
• You can interrupt the “garbage collection” operation by tapping
on the dialog box that appears to return to [Memory Usage].
on the icon panel. Tap [OK]
Important!
• Never press the P button on the back of the ClassPad while a “garbage collection”
operation is in progress. Doing so can damage memory, resulting in loss of all memory
contents and malfunction of your ClassPad. If this happens, you will need to request repair
from your CASIO Maintenance Service Provider. Note that repair of your ClassPad will not
recover any lost memory contents.
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Specifying the Ending Screen Image
15-11 Specifying the Ending Screen Image
Whenever you press the o key to turn off the ClassPad unit, it copies any data currently
in RAM to Flash ROM, and then turns off power. The ending screen is what appears on the
display while the RAM data save operation is being performed, until power is actually turned
off. You can specify the image data you want to appear as the ending screen.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the application menu, tap Y.
• This starts up the System application.
(2) Tap N to display the Ending Screen dialog box.
• To see this icon, you must first tap the right arrow
button on the toolbar to scroll.
(3) Tap the down arrow button. On the list that appears, tap the ending screen image you
want to use.
• To see the list, open the drop down list near the top of the dialog box.
• Tapping the [View] button displays a preview of the currently selected screen image.
Tap [OK] to close the preview image.
(4) After the image you want is selected, tap [Set] to apply it and close the Ending Screen
dialog box, or tap [Cancel] to close the dialog box without changing the setting.
• Tapping [Set] or [Cancel] returns you to [Memory Usage].
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Adjusting Touch Panel Alignment
15-12 Adjusting Touch Panel Alignment
You should adjust touch panel alignment whenever you find that the wrong operation or no
operation is performed when you tap the ClassPad screen.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the application menu, tap Y.
• This starts up the System application.
(2) Tap M to display the touch panel alignment screen.
• To see this icon, you must first tap the right arrow
button on the toolbar to scroll.
(3) Use the stylus to tap the center of each of the four crosses as they appear on the
screen.
• Tapping the center of the fourth cross completes touch panel alignment and returns
you to [Memory Usage].
• When aligning your ClassPad try to tap the exact center of each cross.
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Viewing Version Information
15-13 Viewing Version Information
Use the following procedure when you want to view version information about your
ClassPad’s operating system.
u To view software version information
(1) On the application menu, tap Y.
• This starts up the System application.
(2) Tap > to display the Version dialog box.
(3) To close the Version dialog box, tap [OK]. This returns you to [Memory Usage].
u To view hardware version information
During step (2) the procedure under “To view software version information” above, tap
[System] and then [Version(Hardware)].
This displays the Version dialog box, which shows the
ClassPad processor name and other hardware information.
To close the Version dialog box, tap [OK].
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Chapter
Performing Data
Communication
You can use the SB-62 data communication cable to connect
your ClassPad to another ClassPad unit or to a CASIO Data
Analyzer, and transfer data between them.
To transfer data between a ClassPad and a personal computer,
you need to use the special USB cable that comes with
ClassPad.
This chapter explains how to perform data communication
operations and exchange data.
16-1 Data Communication Overview
16-2 Connecting the ClassPad to Another Device
16-3 Configuring Communication Parameters
16-4 Transferring Data to Another ClassPad Unit
16
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Data Communication Overview
16-1 Data Communication Overview
This section provides an overview of the types of connections that are possible, and the data
that can be transferred over each connection. It also tells you how to use the
Communication application to transfer data.
Important!
• Never press the P button on the back of the ClassPad while a data communication
operation is in progress. Doing so can damage memory, resulting in loss of all memory
contents and malfunction of your ClassPad. If this happens, you will need to request repair
from your CASIO Maintenance Service Provider. Note that repair of your ClassPad will not
recover any lost memory contents.
Connectable Devices and Transferable Data
The following three types of connections are possible.
• Two ClassPad units
• A ClassPad and a computer
• A ClassPad and a CASIO EA-200 Data Analyzer
The following provides details about each of these connections, and describes the type of
data that can be transferred over each.
k Connecting Two ClassPad Units
You can transfer variable data, eActivity data, and display image data between two ClassPad
units.
• For information about variables, see “1-7 Variables and Folders”.
• For information about eActivity data, see “Chapter 10 – Using the eActivity Application”.
• For information about display image data, see “Sending a Screenshot of the Current
Display Contents” on page 16-4-5.
u Connection
Use the special SB-62 3-pin data communication cable to connect two ClassPad units. For
details, see “Connecting to Another ClassPad Unit” on page 16-2-1.
u How to Transfer Data
You can use either of the two following methods to transfer data between two ClassPad
units.
• Use the Communication application. See “16-4 Transferring Data to Another ClassPad
Unit” for details.
• Use the “SendVar38k” and “GetVar38k” program commands. See “Chapter 12 – Using
the Program Application” for details.
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Data Communication Overview
k Connecting a ClassPad to a Computer
You can perform the following operations when connected to a computer.
• Transfer variable data and eActivity data between the ClassPad and a computer
• Install add-in applications, language data, and operating system upgrades onto your
ClassPad from the computer
• Transfer ClassPad display image data to the computer
• For information about variables, see “1-7 Variables and Folders”.
• For information about eActivity data, see “Chapter 10 – Using the eActivity Application”.
• For information about display image data, see “Sending a Screenshot of the Current
Display Contents” on page 16-4-5.
• See the ClassPad Manager User’s Guide for details about add-in application installation
and uninstallation, language data installation, and upgrading your operating system.
• Your ClassPad may operate abnormally after you update its operating system from your
computer using ClassPad Manager if the operating system you install is not compatible
with your ClassPad hardware version. If you accidentally install an operation system
version that is not compatible with your ClassPad hardware version, visit the following
Website information about what you need to do to get your ClassPad working normally
again.
u Connection
Use the special USB cable to connect the ClassPad’s 4-pin mini USB port to your
computer’s USB port. For details, see “Connecting to a Computer (USB)” on page 16-2-3.
u How to Transfer Data
On the ClassPad, use the Communication application. On your computer, use ClassPad
Manager. For details, see the ClassPad Manager User's Guide.
k Connecting a ClassPad to a CASIO EA-200 Data Analyzer
You can perform the following operations when connected to a Data Analyzer.
• Transfer Data Analyzer setup information and sampled data to the ClassPad
• Transfer variable data, eActivity data, and Data Analyzer setting information from the
ClassPad to the Data Analyzer
• For information about variables, see “1-7 Variables and Folders”.
• For information about eActivity data, see “Chapter 10 – Using the eActivity Application”.
• For information about Data Analyzer setup information and sample data, see the user
documentation that comes with the Data Analyzer.
u Connection
Use the special SB-62 3-pin data communication cable to connect two units. For details, see
“Connecting to an EA-200 Data Analyzer” on page 16-2-2.
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Data Communication Overview
u How to Transfer Data
Use the “Send38k” and “Receive38k” program commands to transfer data. For details, see
“Chapter 12 – Using the Program Application”, and the user documentation that comes with
the Data Analyzer.
Using the ClassPad Communication Application
To perform a data transfer operation, tap B on the application menu to start up the
Communication application.
k Communication Application Menus and Buttons
The following explains the operations you can perform using the menus and buttons of the
Communication application.
Tap this
button:
E
Or select this menu item:
To do this:
Select data to send
Link - Transmit
Link - Receive
Enter receive standby
R
Enter standby for add-in application or
language data install
–
Link - Install - Add-In
Enter standby for operating system
upgrading
Link - Install - OS Update
Link - Screen Receive
–
Enter standby to receive a display image
from another ClassPad unit
j
Configure communication parameters
Display hardware version information
–
–
Setup - Open Setup Menu
Setup - Version (Hardware)
• For details about configuring communication parameters, see “16-3 Configuring
Communication Parameters”.
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16-2-1
Connecting the ClassPad to Another Device
16-2 Connecting the ClassPad to Another
Device
This section provides detailed explanations about how to connect the ClassPad to another
ClassPad unit, to a computer, and to a CASIO Data Analyzer.
Connecting to Another ClassPad Unit
Use the procedure below to connect two ClassPad units.
k Required Hardware
ClassPad: 2 units
Special SB-62 Cable: 1
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Turn both units off.
(2) Connect the data communication cable as shown in the illustration below.
• Insert both of the plugs securely, as far as they will go.
Cable
• For information about what you should do to transfer data, see “16-4 Transferring
Data to Another ClassPad Unit”.
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16-2-2
Connecting the ClassPad to Another Device
Connecting to an EA-200 Data Analyzer
You can use the CASIO Data Analyzer to sample and collect data on various everyday
natural phenomena. You can also connect the Data Analyzer to your ClassPad, and control
Data Analyzer operation from your ClassPad. You can transfer setup information from the
ClassPad to the Data Analyzer, trigger sampling from the ClassPad, and graph sample
results on your ClassPad.
k Required Hardware
ClassPad: 1 unit
EA-200 Data Analyzer: 1
Special SB-62 Cable: 1
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Turn off the ClassPad and Data Analyzer.
(2) Remove the connector cover from the 3-pin communication port of the Data Analyzer,
and connect one end of the data communication cable to the port.
(3) Connect the other end of the data communication cable to the 3-pin communication
port of the ClassPad.
Ready Sampling
Error
Batt
Power
SET UP
START/STOP
Cable
• For information about what you should do to transfer data, see the user
documentation that comes with the Data Analyzer.
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16-2-3
Connecting the ClassPad to Another Device
Connecting to a Computer (USB)
By running ClassPad Manager software that comes with ClassPad on your computer, you
can transfer ClassPad data to your computer.
See the ClassPad Manager User’s Guide for information about how to use it.
• For information about ClassPad Manager minimum computer system requirements, see the
ClassPad Manager User’s Guide.
k Required Hardware
ClassPad: 1 unit
Computer (with ClassPad Manager installed): 1
Special USB Cable: 1
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Turn off the ClassPad and computer.
(2) Connect one end of the special cable that comes with ClassPad Manager to the USB
port of your computer.
• See the ClassPad Manager User’s Guide for details about how to connect the cable
to your computer.
(3) Connect the other end of the special cable as shown below.
• For information about what you should do to actually transfer data, see the ClassPad
Manager User’s Guide.
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Configuring Communication Parameters
16-3 Configuring Communication Parameters
Before trying to transfer data with the ClassPad, you should perform the procedures
described in this section to configure its data communication parameters.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) On the application menu, tap B.
• This starts the Communication application and displays a window that shows its
current communication parameter settings.
(2) Tap [Setup] and then [Open Setup Menu].
• This displays a dialog box for changing communication parameters, like the one
shown below.
(3) Configure the communication parameter settings as described below.
• Items marked with an asterisk ( ) are initial defaults.
*
u Hard Copy
Specify “To outer device”.
u Cable Type
When connecting to this type of device:
Another ClassPad unit or a Data Analyzer
A computer’s USB port
Select this setting:
3pin cable
USB cable*
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Configuring Communication Parameters
u Speed (3Pin)
To specify this data rate for 3-pin communication:
9600 bps
Select this setting:
9600 bps
38400 bps
115200 bps
38400 bps
115200 bps*
The above setting specifies the data rate when connected to another ClassPad, or a
Data Analyzer. Note that you must set the data rate (baud rate) for both the ClassPad
and the connected device so they are identical.
u Wakeup Enable
To do this:
Select this setting:
On*
Off
Turn on the wakeup function (see below)
Turn off the wakeup function
(4) When all the settings are the way you want, tap [Set] to save them.
• The Communication application window appears at this time, with the new
parameters you just configured. Check to make sure the settings are the way you want.
Tip
• For more information about the communication parameter, see “Communication Dialog Box” on
page 14-3-8.
Wakeup
Wakeup is a function that automatically puts the ClassPad into data communication standby
whenever the ClassPad detects data coming in from a connected external device, or
when a USB cable is attached to the ClassPad. You can turn wakeup on or off with the
[Wakeup Enable] setting on the Communication dialog box described on page14-3-8.
What happens when wakeup is turned on depends on the type of device connected to the
ClassPad.
k When connected to another ClassPad unit
When the sending device performs a data send operation, the receiver device’s wakeup
function activates and data receive is performed automatically. The receiver device operates
normally as long as no data is being received.
In this configuration, wakeup does not operate on the receiver device when any one of the
following three conditions exists.
• When any setting other than “3pin cable” is selected for [Cable Type] on the
Communication dialog box.
• When any ongoing calculation or graphing operation is being performed. Wakeup
activates when the ongoing operation is complete.
• When the ClassPad is completely powered down. For details, see “1-2 Turning Power On
and Off ”
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Configuring Communication Parameters
k When connected to a computer’s USB port
Wakeup activates as soon as you connect the cable to the ClassPad, and the ClassPad
automatically performs the following steps.
(1) If the ClassPad is off when the cable is connected, it turns on.
(2) The currently running application is exited, and the Communication application starts up.
• If the Communication application is already running at this time, it restarts.
(3) The ClassPad enters communication standby.
• For information about what you should do to actually transfer data, see the ClassPad
Manager User’s Guide.
In this configuration, wakeup does not operate when any one of the following conditions
exists.
• When any setting other than “USB cable” is selected for [Cable Type] on the Communica-
tion dialog box.
• When any ongoing calculation or graphing operation is being performed. Wakeup activates
when the ongoing operation is complete.
• When the ClassPad is completely powered down. For details, see “1-2 Turning Power On
and Off ”.
Note that wakeup does not activate in the case of add-in application or language data
installation, or upgrading of the operating system.
Important!
• Connecting a USB cable to the ClassPad activates wakeup, exits the currently running
application, and puts the ClassPad into communication standby. If you want to send a
screenshot of the current display (page 16-4-5) or perform some other operation in which
you want the currently running application to remain running, use the O menu’s [Setup]
command to turn off wakeup (Wakeup Enable: Off).
• Wakeup may not work properly when both an SB-62 cable and a USB cable are connected
to the ClassPad.
• For about five seconds after the display image disappears from the ClassPad screen when
you turn off power, do not connect a cable to or disconnect a cable from the ClassPad. If
you do, it can cause the wakeup function to operate abnormally.
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16-4-1
Transferring Data to Another ClassPad Unit
16-4 Transferring Data to Another ClassPad Unit
This section details the steps you should perform in order to transfer data from one
ClassPad unit to another.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Use the procedure under “Connecting to Another ClassPad Unit” on page 16-2-1 to
connect the two units.
(2) Use the procedure under “16-3 Configuring Communication Parameters” to configure
the parameters of the two units as shown below.
Cable Type: 3pin cable
Speed (3Pin): 115200 bps
Wakeup Enable: On
• If the speed settings of the two ClassPad units are different from each other, the
slower setting is used.
The remaining steps of this procedure are marked Sender to indicate steps and
information that apply to the sending device, or Receiver to indicate receiving device
steps and information.
Sender
(3) In the Communication application, tap [Link], and then [Transmit], or tap E.
• This displays the Select Data dialog box.
Sender
(4) Select the data you want to send.
• For more information, see “Selecting Data for Transfer” on page 16-4-3.
Sender
(5) Tap [OK].
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Transferring Data to Another ClassPad Unit
Sender
(6) In response to the confirmation message that appears, tap [OK] to send the data or
[Cancel] to cancel the send operation.
• Sender
Tapping [OK] sends the data you selected in step (4).
• Receiver
If the receiving device has wakeup enabled, it automatically starts receiving the data.
Sender
(7) The message “Complete!” appears to let you know when the send operation is finished.
Tap [OK].
• This returns to the Select Data dialog box.
Sender
(8) On the Select Data dialog box, tap [Cancel].
• This returns to the Communication application window.
Receiver
(9) The message “Complete!” appears to let you know when the receive operation is
finished. Tap [OK].
Important!
• When wakeup is turned off on the receiving device, you need to perform the following
operation on the receiving device before performing step (3):
Start up the Communication application, tap [Link] and then [Receive], or tap R.
This puts the receiving unit into receive standby, which is indicated by the Standby dialog
box on the display.
Tip
• When you send a variable or data item, it is normally stored in the current folder of the receiving
device. A variable or data item sent from the library folder of the sending device, however, is
stored in the “library” folder of the receiving device.
• When you send a folder (by selecting the check box next to a folder name), the variables and
data items inside each folder are sent and stored in folders with the same name on the receiving
device.
• If a data item with the same name as the data item being received already exists on the receiving
device, the communication operation is paused and a dialog box asking whether the existing item
should be replaced appears on the display of the receiving device. Tap [Yes] to replace, or [No] to
cancel receipt of the data item. To terminate data communication, tap [Cancel]. If you want to
replace all data items without being asked, tap [Yes to all].
• If the receiving device runs out of memory, a message dialog box appears to warn you. When
this happens, terminate the data communication operation by tapping [OK] on the dialog box of
the receiving device, delete data you no longer need from the memory of the receiving device,
and then try again.
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16-4-3
Transferring Data to Another ClassPad Unit
Selecting Data for Transfer
Perform the following steps on the sending device to select the data you want to send in step
(3) of the procedure on page 16-4-1.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) In the Communication application, tap [Link] and then [Transmit], or tap E to display
the Select Data dialog box.
• A list that shows user folders and the “main” folder appears first.
Title of currently displayed list
(folder name when a folder is open)
(2) Tap the [View] menu and then select the data type from the list that appears.
[
]
To list this on the Select Data dialog box:
User folders and the “main” folder
Library variables
Select this View menu command:
Data Folder List
Library
System variable groups
eActivity folders
Application Status
eActivity Folder List
(3) Select the data you want to send.
• On the Select Data dialog box, select the check box next to the data you want to send.
• You can also tap the [All] menu and select one of the following commands to select or
deselect data.
[
]
To do this:
Select this All menu command:
Select List
Select all currently displayed items
Deselect all currently displayed items
Select all items in all lists
Deselect all items in all lists
Deselect List
Select All Lists
Deselect All Lists
• Opening a folder in [Data Folder List] or [eActivity Folder List] displays the variables
and data contained inside it, which can be individually selected for transfer. To select
a variable or data contained in a particular folder, tap its folder name to open it.
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16-4-4
Transferring Data to Another ClassPad Unit
Data Folder List
Tap “Presystm” to
highlight it, and then
tap it again.
This lists the variables contained in
the “Presystm” folder.
eActivity Folder List
Tap “e-Act2”.
This lists the data contained
in the “e-Act2” folder.
• To return to the folder list from a list of folder contents, tap I in the lower left corner
of the window.
• You can transfer all of the variables or data in a folder by selecting the check box next
to the folder name on the data folder list or eActivity folder list.
(4) Tap [OK] to send the data or [Cancel] to cancel the send operation.
• After tapping [OK], continue from step (5) of the procedure on page 16-4-1.
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16-4-5
Transferring Data to Another ClassPad Unit
Sending a Screenshot of the Current Display Contents
Use the following procedure to send the current display contents of your ClassPad to another
ClassPad unit.
Important!
Screenshot transfer is disabled when either of the following conditions exists.
• While a calculation or graphing operation is in progress
• If a data communication operation is already in progress
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Use the procedure under “Connecting to Another ClassPad Unit” on page 16-2-1 to
connect the two units.
(2) Use the procedure under “16-3 Configuring Communication Parameters” to configure
the parameters of the two units as shown below.
Cable Type: 3pin cable
Speed (3Pin): 115200 bps
Wakeup Enable: On
Hard Copy: To outer device (Sending device only)
The remaining steps of this procedure are marked Sender to indicate steps and
information that apply to the sending device, or Receiver to indicate receiving device
steps and information.
Sender
(3) Display the screen you want to send.
(4) Tap h.
• Sender
This sends the currently displayed screen.
• Receiver
If the receiving device has wakeup enabled, it automatically starts receiving the data.
The received screen appears on the display after the receive operation is complete.
Sender
(5) If you want to send another screenshot, repeat steps (3) and (4).
Receiver
(6) To cancel a receive standby state, press the c key.
Important!
• When wakeup is turned off on the receiving device, you need to perform the following
operation on the receiving device before performing step (4):
Start up the Communication application, tap [Link], and then [Screen Receive], or tap j.
This puts the receiving unit into receive standby, which is indicated by the Standby dialog
box on the display.
Tip
• Note that received screenshots can be displayed, but not saved.
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16-4-6
Transferring Data to Another ClassPad Unit
Communication Standby
The ClassPad enters “communication standby” when you perform a send or receive
operation. While in communication standby, the ClassPad waits for the other unit to send
data, or for it to get ready to receive data.
The following describes how communication standby affects certain ClassPad operations.
• Auto Power Off (page 15-6-1) becomes disabled.
• ClassPad power cannot be turned off.
• If data communication does not start within three minutes after the ClassPad enters data
communication standby, the message “Timeout” appears. When this happens, tap
[Retry] to try again or [Cancel] to cancel the data communication operation.
Interrupting an Ongoing Data Communication Operation
Pressing the c key on either the sending device or receiving device during a data
communication operation terminates it.
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Appendix
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Resetting and Initializing the ClassPad
Deleting an Application
Power Supply
Number of Digits and Precision
Specifications
Character Code Table
System Variable Table
Command and Function Index
Graph Types and Executable Functions
10 Error Message Table
α
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α-1-1
Resetting and Initializing the ClassPad
1 Resetting and Initializing the ClassPad
The memory of your ClassPad is divided into three parts: main memory, a storage area for
storing data, and a RAM area for executing various calculations and operations. Reset and
initialize restore normal ClassPad operation after some problem occurs.
RAM Reset
Perform RAM reset when the ClassPad freezes up or otherwise fails to perform as expected
for some reason. A RAM reset does not affect data stored in main memory or the storage
area, but it clears any data stored in the RAM area.
Memory Reset
Memory reset deletes all variable data in main memory or all eActivity data in the storage
area, or both.
Memory Initialize
Initializing memory deletes all data and returns ClassPad memory to its initial factory default
state.
This section explains how to perform the RAM reset operations only. The memory reset and
memory initialize operations are performed using the System application. For details, see
“15-3 Using the Reset Dialog Box” and “15-4 Initializing Your ClassPad”.
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Resetting and Initializing the ClassPad
k Performing the RAM Reset Operation
You should perform the RAM reset operation whenever your ClassPad freezes up or when it
begins to operate abnormally for some reason. The RAM reset operation should restore
normal ClassPad operation.
Important!
• The RAM reset operation deletes all data that is temporarily stored in ClassPad RAM.
Performing the RAM reset operation while a calculation is in progress will cause any data
stored in RAM by the calculation to be lost.
• Perform the RAM reset operation only when your ClassPad ceases to operate normally for
some reason.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Use the stylus to press the P button on the back of the ClassPad.
• Following the RAM reset operation,
the ClassPad restarts automatically.
P
P button
(2) After the ClassPad restarts, perform the ClassPad setup operation that you perform
each time you replace ClassPad batteries (touch panel alignment, display contrast
adjustment, display message language selection, keyboard settings). See Chapter 15
for more information about the ClassPad setup operation.
• The application menu appears after you finish the setup operation.
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α-2-1
Deleting an Application
2 Deleting an Application
You can delete an add-in application by deleting it from the application menu or by using the
[Add-In App.] Memory Usage sheet of the System application as described in Chapter 15.
The following procedure shows how to delete an add-in application from the application
menu only. For information about using the System application’s [Add-In App.] tab, see
Chapter 15.
u To use the application menu to delete an add-in application
(1) Tap m to display the application menu.
(2) Tap the down arrow button in the menu bar, and then select [Additional] from the list
that appears.
• This displays a list of all the applications you have installed on your ClassPad.
(3) Tap s, and then tap [Delete Application] on the menu that appears.
• This causes all of the icons to be surrounded by a broken line, indicating that your
ClassPad is ready to delete applications.
• To exit the delete operation at this time, tap
on the icon panel.
(4) Tap the icon of the application you want to delete.
(5) In response to the dialog box that appears, tap [OK] to delete the application, or
[Cancel] to cancel without deleting anything.
Tip
• Note that you can delete only add-in applications. You cannot delete any of the ClassPad’s
built-in applications.
• If you prefer to view remaining memory capacity as you delete add-in applications, use the
[Add-In App.] Memory Usage sheet of the System application as described in Chapter 15.
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α-3-1
Power Supply
3 Power Supply
Your ClassPad is powered by four AAA-size batteries LR03 (AM4).
The battery level indicator is displayed in the status bar.
....................... full
....................... medium
....................... low
Important!
• Be sure to replace batteries as soon as possible whenever the battery level indicator
shows
(medium).
• Replace batteries immediately whenever the battery level indicator shows
(low). At this
level, you will not be able to perform data communication or perform other functions.
• The following message indicates that batteries are about to go dead. Replace batteries
immediately whenever this message appears.
Batteries are extremely low!
Replace batteries immediately!
If you try to continue using the calculator, it will automatically turn off. You will not be able to
turn power back on until you replace batteries.
Be sure to replace batteries at least once every one year, no matter how much you use the
ClassPad during that time.
The batteries that come with this ClassPad discharge slightly during shipment and storage.
Because of this, they may require replacement sooner than the normal expected battery life.
Backing Up Data
Your ClassPad comes bundled with a special USB cable and ClassPad Manager software,
which you can use to backup data to a computer running Windows® 98SE, Me, XP, or 2000.
• The ClassPad Manager software is on the CD-ROM.
Important!
• When battery power is very low, your ClassPad may not turn back on when you press its
o key. If this happens, immediately replace its batteries.
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α-3-2
Power Supply
k Replacing Batteries
Precautions:
Incorrectly using batteries can cause them to burst or leak, possibly damaging the interior of
the ClassPad. Note the following precautions:
• Be sure that the positive (+) and negative (–) poles of each battery are facing in the proper
directions.
• Never mix batteries of different types.
• Never mix old batteries and new ones.
• Never leave dead batteries in the battery
compartment.
• Remove the batteries if you do not plan
to use the ClassPad for long periods.
• Never try to recharge the batteries
supplied with the ClassPad.
• Do not expose batteries to direct heat, let them become shorted, or try to take them apart.
(Should a battery leak, clean out the battery compartment of the ClassPad immediately,
taking care to avoid letting the battery fluid come into direct contact with your skin.)
Keep batteries out of the reach of small children. If swallowed, consult with a physician
immediately.
u ClassPad Operation
(1) Press o to turn off the ClassPad.
Warning!
• Be sure to turn the ClassPad off before replacing batteries. Replacing batteries with
power on will cause data in memory to be deleted.
(2) Making sure that you do not accidentally press the o key, attach the front cover to
the ClassPad and then turn it over.
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α-3-3
Power Supply
1
(3) Remove the battery cover from the ClassPad by
pulling with your finger at the point marked 1.
(4) Remove the four old batteries.
(5) Load a new set of four batteries, making sure that
their positive (+) and negative (–) ends are facing in
the proper directions.
• Be sure to replace all four batteries with new ones.
(6) Replace the battery cover.
(7) Turn the ClassPad front side up and remove its front cover.
(8) Align the touch panel.
a. Your ClassPad should turn on automatically and display
the Touch Panel Alignment screen.
b. Tap the center of each of the four cross marks as they
appear on the display.
• If the Touch Panel Alignment screen does not appear,
use the stylus to press the P button on the back of the
ClassPad.
Important!
• It may take a little time for your ClassPad to start up after
you press the P button.
P
P button
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α-3-4
Power Supply
(9) Adjust the display contrast.
a. Tap the button to make contrast darker, or the
button to make it lighter.
b. After the contrast setting is the way you want,
tap [Set].
• Tapping [Initial] on the Contrast dialog box returns
contrast to its initial factory default setting.
(10) Specify the display language.
a. On the list that appears, tap the language you want
to use.
• You can select German, English, Spanish,
French, or Portuguese.
b. When the language you want is selected, tap [Set].
• Tapping [Cancel] selects English and advances
to the next dialog box.
(11) Specify the soft keyboard key arrangement.
a. On the list that appears, tap the key arrangement
you want to use.
b. When the key arrangement you want is selected,
tap [Set].
• Tapping [Cancel] selects QWERTY arrangement
and advances to the next dialog box.
(12) Specify the font set.
a. On the list that appears, tap the font set you want to
use.
• You can select Regular or Bolder.
b. When the font set you want is selected, tap [Set].
• Tapping [Cancel] selects Bolder and finalizes the
setup operation.
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α-3-5
Power Supply
k About the Auto Power Off Function
The Auto Power Off (APO) feature helps conserve battery power by turning off the ClassPad
automatically whenever you do not perform any operation for specified amount of time. You
can specify 1, 3, 6, or 60 minutes for the Auto Power Off trigger time. The initial default APO
setting is 6 minutes.
Tip
• From within the System application, open the System menu and tap [Power Properties]. This will
display the Power Properties dialog box.
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α-4-1
Number of Digits and Precision
4 Number of Digits and Precision
k Number of Digits
Standard Mode
The following applies when the check box next to the “Decimal Calculation” item on the
Basic Format dialog box is not selected.
• Up to 611 digits are stored in memory for integer values.
• Decimal values up to 15 digits are converted to fraction format and saved in memory. When
a mathematical expression cannot be converted to fraction format, the result is displayed in
decimal format.
• Values stored in memory are displayed as-is, regardless of how [Display] settings
(Normal 1, Normal 2, Fix 0 – 9, Sci 0 – 9) are configured (except when a decimal value is
displayed).
Decimal Mode
The following applies when the check box next to the “Decimal Calculation” item on the
Basic Format dialog box is selected.
• Values stored in Ans memory have the same number of digits as they have when
displayed. A value that is assigned to a variable has the same number of digits as defined
for Standard mode values.
• Values are displayed in accordance with how [Display] settings (Normal 1, Normal 2,
Fix 0 – 9, Sci 0 – 9) are configured.
• Displayed values are rounded to the appropriate number of decimal places.
• Some applications store values using a mantissa up to 15 digits long and a 3-digit
exponent.
k Precision
• Internal calculations are performed using 15 digits.
• The error for a single mathematical expression (Decimal mode calculation error) is 1 at
the 10th digit. In the case of exponential display, calculation error is 1 at the least
significant digit. Note that performing consecutive calculations causes error to be
cumulative. Error is also cumulative for internal consecutive calculations performed for:
x
^(xy),
, x!, nPr, nCr, etc.
• Error is cumulative and tends to be larger in the vicinity of a function’s singular point(s) and
inflection point(s), and the vicinity of zero. With sinh(x) and tanh(x), for example, the
inflection point occurs when x = 0. In this vicinity, error is cumulative and precision is poor.
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α-5-1
Specifications
5 Specifications
Calculation range:
1 × 10–999 to 9.999999999 × 10999 and 0. Internal operations use 15-digit mantissa.
Exponential display range: Normal 1: 10–2 > |x|, |x| > 1010
Normal 2: 10–9 > |x|, |x| > 1010
Program capacity: 515000 bytes (max.)
Power supply:
Four AAA-size batteries LR03 (AM4)
Power consumption: 0.5 W
Approximate battery life:
230 hours (continuous display of application menu)
140 hours continuous operation (5 minutes calculation, 55 minutes display)
Auto power off:
Power is automatically turned off if no operation is performed for a specified period
(user-settable as 1 minute, 3 minutes, 6 minutes, or 60 minutes). The initial default setting is
6 minutes.
Power saving mode:
Resume function can be configured to stay enabled, or to disable automatically 1 day,
1 week, or 1 month after power is turned off.
Ambient temperature range: 0°C to 40°C
Dimensions: 21 mm (H) × 84 mm (W) × 189.5 mm (D)
13/16" (H) × 3 5/16" (W) × 7 7/16" (D)
Weight: Approx. 280 g (including batteries)
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α-5-2
Specifications
Data Communication
Port: 3-pin data communication port
4-pin mini USB port
• For information about ClassPad Manager minimum computer system requirements,
see the ClassPad Manager User's Guide.
Method: Start-stop (asynchronous), full-duplex
Transmission speed (BPS): 115200/38400/9600 bits/second (normal)
38400 bits/second (Send38k/Receive38k)
Parity: None
Bit length: 8 bits
Stop bit:
Send38k: 2 bits
Receive38k: 1 bit
Flow control: X ON
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α-6-1
Character Code Table
6 Character Code Table
Characters from character code 257 onwards are 2-byte characters.
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
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α-6-2
Character Code Table
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
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α-6-3
Character Code Table
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
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α-6-4
Character Code Table
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
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α-7-1
System Variable Table
7 System Variable Table
᭺: Possible
–: Not possible
<blank>: No default
Input Delete
Name
Description
Data Type
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
STR
Default
a
a
a
0
1
2
Sequence Variable
Sequence Variable
Sequence Variable
᭺
᭺
᭺
–
–
–
0
0
0
–
aCoef
acSeq
an
Regression Coefficient a
–
Sequence Graph Trace Variable
Recursion Expression Variable
Recursion Expression Variable
Recursion Expression Variable
Recursion Internal Variable
Recursion Internal Variable
Recursion Internal Variable
Sequence Expression
–
–
–
–
an+1
an+2
an0
᭺
᭺
–
᭺
᭺
–
STR
STR
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
STR
an1
–
–
an2
–
–
anE
anE0
᭺
–
᭺
–
Recursion Internal Variable
EXPR (Real Number)
Angle between Line of Vision and
x-axis of 3D Graph View Window Value
angleθ
angleϕ
᭺
᭺
–
–
–
–
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR/LIST/MAT/STR
20
70
Angle between Line of Vision and
z-axis of 3D Graph View Window Value
Latest Result Output by Main/eActivity
Applications
ans
anStart
Sequence Variable
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
–
–
–
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
STR
0
0
0
0
b0
b1
b2
Sequence Variable
Sequence Variable
–
Sequence Variable
–
bCoef
bcSeq
bn
Regression Coefficient b
Sequence Graph Trace Variable
Recursion Expression Variable
Recursion Expression Variable
Recursion Expression Variable
Recursion Internal Variable
Recursion Internal Variable
Recursion Internal Variable
–
–
–
–
–
bn+1
bn+2
bn0
᭺
᭺
–
᭺
᭺
–
STR
STR
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
bn1
–
–
bn2
–
–
• Items in parentheses (( )) indicate limiting conditions of corresponding data type.
• Braces ({ }) indicate items that can be specified for elements.
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α-7-2
System Variable Table
Name
bnE
Description
Input Delete
Data Type
Default
Sequence Expression
᭺
–
᭺
–
STR
bnE0
Recursion Internal Variable
Sequence Variable
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
STR
bnStart
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
–
–
0
0
0
0
c0
c1
c2
Sequence Variable
–
Sequence Variable
–
Sequence Variable
–
cCoef
ccSeq
cn
Regression Coefficient c
Sequence Graph Trace Variable
Recursion Expression Variable
Recursion Expression Variable
Recursion Expression Variable
Recursion Internal Variable
Recursion Internal Variable
Recursion Internal Variable
Sequence Expression
–
–
–
–
–
cn+1
᭺
᭺
–
᭺
᭺
–
STR
cn+2
STR
cn0
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
STR
cn1
–
–
cn2
–
–
cnE
᭺
–
᭺
–
cnE0
cnStart
ConicsEq
dCoef
df
Recursion Internal Variable
Sequence Variable
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
STR
᭺
᭺
–
–
0
Conics Expression
᭺
–
Regression Coefficient d
Degrees of Freedom
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
–
–
dfA
Degrees of Freedom for Factor A
–
–
Degrees of Freedom for Factor A
× Factor B
dfAB
–
–
EXPR (Real Number)
dfB
Degrees of Freedom for Factor B
Degrees of Freedom for Error
Regression Coefficient e
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
MAT{Real Number}
EXPR (Real Number)
MAT
dfErr
eCoef
–
Expected Matrix for 2 Test
–
χ
Expected
FEnd
Table Creation Variable
Table Result Variable
Table Creation Variable
Table Creation Variable
F Value
᭺
–
5
FResult
FStart
᭺
᭺
–
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
1
1
FStep
Fvalue
FvalueA
FvalueAB
FvalueB
F Value for Factor A
F Value for Factor A × Factor B
F Value for Factor B
–
–
–
Graph Transformation Vertical End
Point
GconHEnd
–
–
EXPR (Real Number)
5
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α-7-3
System Variable Table
Name
Description
Input Delete
Data Type
Default
1
Graph Transformation Vertical Start
Point
GconHStart
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
EXPR (Real Number)
Graph Transformation Vertical Step
Value
GconHStep
GconWEnd
GconWStart
GconWStep
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
1
5
1
1
Graph Transformation Horizontal End
Point
Graph Transformation Horizontal
Start Point
Graph Transformation Horizontal
Step Value
HStart
Start Value for Histogram
Step Value for Histogram
Left Limit of Confidence Interval
᭺
᭺
–
–
–
–
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
0
1
HStep
LInterval
{ }
list1
Default List
᭺
᭺
LIST
(blank
list)
list2
list3
list4
list5
list6
Default List
Default List
Default List
Default List
Default List
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
LIST
LIST
LIST
LIST
LIST
{ }
{ }
{ }
{ }
{ }
Maximum Value of x
(Statistics Calculation)
maxX
maxY
–
–
–
–
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
Maximum Value of y
(Statistics Calculation)
MeanSA
MeanSAB
MeanSB
MeanSErr
MedStat
medx1
Mean Square for Factor A
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
Mean Square for Factor A × Factor B
Mean Square for Factor B
Mean Square for Error
Median Value (Statistics Calculation)
MedMed Graph Summary Point
MedMed Graph Summary Point
MedMed Graph Summary Point
MedMed Graph Summary Point
MedMed Graph Summary Point
MedMed Graph Summary Point
medx2
medx3
medy1
medy2
medy3
Minimum Value of x
(Statistics Calculation)
minX
minY
–
–
–
–
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
Minimum Value of y
(Statistics Calculation)
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α-7-4
System Variable Table
Name
Description
Input Delete
Data Type
Default
Frequency of Mode Values
(Statistics Calculation)
ModeFStat
–
–
–
–
EXPR (Real Number)
Number of Mode Values
(Statistics Calculation)
ModeNStat
EXPR (Real Number)
ModeStat
MSe
Mode Value (Statistics Calculation)
Mean Square Error for Regression
Size of Sample 1 (Statistics Calculation)
Size of Sample 2 (Statistics Calculation)
Sequence Graph Trace Variable
Sequence Variable
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
LIST {Real Number}
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
n
1Stat
2Stat
n
ncSeq
nSeq
nStat
pˆ
Sample Size (Statistics Calculation)
Estimated Proportion
ˆ 1
p
Estimated Proportion of Sample 1
Estimated Proportion of Sample 2
p-value
pˆ 2
prob
probA
probAB
probB
p-value of Factor A
p-value of Factor A × Factor B
p-value of Factor B
First Quartile Point
(Statistics Calculation)
Q
Q
1Stat
3Stat
–
–
–
–
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
FUNC
Third Quartile Point
(Statistics Calculation)
Graph Expression Input Variable,
r= Expression Type
᭺
r1(θ)~r100(θ)
᭺
(Define)
r2Corr
Coefficient of Determination
–
–
–
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
Internal Variable Used for Calculation
of Next Random Number
randResult
–
–1
0
Graph Coordinate Value Storage
Variable
rc
–
–
EXPR (Real Number)
rCorr
Correlation Coefficient
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
EXPR (Real Number)
LIST {Real Number}
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
MAT
residual
RInterval
Seed
Residual Data Storage List
Right Limit of Confidence Interval
Random Seed Value
–
–
0
5
SqEnd
SqResult
SqStart
Sres11
Sres12
Sres21
Sequence Creation Variable
Sequence Result Variable
᭺
–
Sequence Creation Variable
Calculation Result for StatGraph1
Calculation Result for StatGraph1
Calculation Result for StatGraph2
᭺
–
EXPR (Real Number)
LIST {Real Number}
LIST {Real Number}
LIST {Real Number}
1
–
–
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α-7-5
System Variable Table
Name
Sres22
Description
Input Delete
Data Type
Default
Calculation Result for StatGraph2
Calculation Result for StatGraph3
Calculation Result for StatGraph3
Calculation Result for StatGraph4
Calculation Result for StatGraph4
Calculation Result for StatGraph5
Calculation Result for StatGraph5
Calculation Result for StatGraph6
Calculation Result for StatGraph6
Calculation Result for StatGraph7
Calculation Result for StatGraph7
Calculation Result for StatGraph8
Calculation Result for StatGraph8
Calculation Result for StatGraph9
Calculation Result for StatGraph9
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
LIST {Real Number}
LIST {Real Number}
LIST {Real Number}
LIST {Real Number}
LIST {Real Number}
LIST {Real Number}
LIST {Real Number}
LIST {Real Number}
LIST {Real Number}
LIST {Real Number}
LIST {Real Number}
LIST {Real Number}
LIST {Real Number}
LIST {Real Number}
LIST {Real Number}
Sres31
Sres32
Sres41
Sres42
Sres51
Sres52
Sres61
Sres62
Sres71
Sres72
Sres81
Sres82
Sres91
Sres92
Standard Error Value for LinReg
TTest Calculation
sStat
–
–
EXPR (Real Number)
SumSA
SumSAB
SumSB
SumSErr
Sum of Squares for Factor A
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
Sum of Squares for Factor A
×
Factor B
Sum of Squares for Factor B
Sum of Squares for Error
Graph Coordinate Value Storage
Variable
tc
–
–
EXPR (Real Number)
0
tLower
tUpper
Tvalue
tθmax
tθmin
tθStep
o
Result of TCD Calculation
Result of TCD Calculation
t Value
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
–
View Window TθMaximum Value
View Window TθMinimum Value
View Window TθStep Value Variable
Mean of x (Statistics Calculation)
Mean of Data 1
᭺
᭺
᭺
–
2π
0
π/60
o1
–
Graph Expression Input Variable,
X= Type
᭺
x1(y)~x100(y)
᭺
FUNC
(Define)
x1InvN
x1σn–1
o
2
Result of InvNorm Calculation
Sample Standard Deviation of Data 1
Mean of Data 2
–
–
–
–
–
–
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
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α-7-6
System Variable Table
Name
2InvN
Description
Input Delete
Data Type
Default
x
x
Result of InvNorm Calculation
–
–
–
–
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
2σn–1
Sample Standard Deviation of Data 2
Graph Coordinate Value Storage
Variable
xc
–
–
EXPR (Real Number)
0
xdot
View Window 1-dot x-axis Value
Factor Zoom X-factor Value
3D Graph View Window Value
᭺
᭺
᭺
–
–
–
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
0.1
2
xfact
xgrid3D
25
View Window Display Range x-axis
Maximum Value
xmax
᭺
–
EXPR (Real Number)
7.7
3D Graph View Window Display
Range x-axis Maximum Value
xmax3D
xmin
᭺
᭺
–
–
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
3
View Window Display Range x-axis
Minimum Value
–7.7
3D Graph View Window Display
Range x-axis Minimum Value
xmin3D
᭺
–
EXPR (Real Number)
–3
1
xpσn–1
Pooled Sample Standard Deviation
View Window Display Range XScale
–
–
–
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
xscl
᭺
xt1(t)~
xt100(t)
Graph Expression Input Variable,
Param Type
᭺
᭺
–
FUNC
(Define)
Population Standard Deviation of x
(Statistics Calculation)
xσn
–
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
Sample Standard Deviation of x
(Statistics Calculation)
xσn–1
–
–
–
p
Mean of y (Statistics Calculation)
–
EXPR (Real Number)
FUNC
y1(x)~
y100(x)
Graph Expression Input Variable,
Y= Expression Type
᭺
᭺
(Define)
Graph Coordinate Value Storage
Variable
yc
–
–
EXPR (Real Number)
0
ydot
View Window 1-dot y-axis Value
Factor Zoom Y-factor Value
᭺
᭺
᭺
–
–
–
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
0.1
2
yfact
ygrid3D
3D Graph View Window Value
25
View Window Display Range y-axis
Maximum Value
ymax
᭺
–
EXPR (Real Number)
3.8
3D Graph View Window Display
Range y-axis Maximum Value
ymax3D
ymin
᭺
᭺
–
–
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
3
View Window Display Range y-axis
Minimum Value
–3.8
20050501
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α-7-7
System Variable Table
Name
ymin3D
Description
Input Delete
Data Type
Default
3D Graph View Window Display
Range y-axis Minimum Value
᭺
᭺
–
–
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
FUNC
–3
1
yscl
View Window Display Range YScale
yt1(t)~
yt100(t)
Graph Expression Input Variable,
Param Type
᭺
᭺
(Define)
Population Standard Deviation of y
(Statistics Calculation)
yσn
–
–
–
–
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
FUNC
Sample Standard Deviation of y
(Statistics Calculation)
yσn–1
z1(x,y)~
z100(x,y)
᭺
3D Graph Function Expression
᭺
(Define)
Graph Coordinate Value Storage
Variable
zc
–
–
–
–
–
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
0
zLower
zmax3D
Result of NormCD Calculation
3D Graph View Window Display
Range z-axis Maximum Value
᭺
3
3D Graph View Window Display
Range z-axis Minimum Value
zmin3D
᭺
–
EXPR (Real Number)
–3
zUpper
Zvalue
Result of NormCD Calculation
–
–
–
–
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
z Value
Graph Coordinate Value Storage
Variable
θc
–
–
EXPR (Real Number)
0
∑x
Sum of x (Statistics Calculation)
Sum of x2 (Statistics Calculation)
Sum of xy Data (Statistics Calculation)
Sum of y (Statistics Calculation)
Sum of y2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
EXPR (Real Number)
∑x2
∑xy
∑y
∑y2
2
2
χ value
χ Value
20050501
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α-8-1
Command and Function Index
8 Command and Function Index
Command/Function
abExpR
Form
Page
Command/Function
const
Form
Page
Cmd 12-6-32
Cmd 12-6-27
Func 2-4-5
Func 2-7-42
Cmd 2-7-42
Func 2-7-42
Func 2-7-38
Func 2-7-5
Func 2-7-13
Func 2-7-15
Func 2-7-44
Func 2-7-18,
2-7-27,
Func 2-4-12
Func 2-4-12
Cmd 12-6-38
Func 2-4-2
Func 2-4-2
Func 2-4-4
Func 2-4-4
Cmd 12-6-32
Func 2-7-37
Cmd 12-6-32
Cmd 12-6-28
Func 2-7-23
Cmd 12-6-28
Cmd 12-6-33
Cmd 12-6-9
Cmd 12-6-39
Cmd 12-6-39
Func 2-7-14
Func 2-7-29
Func 2-7-28
Func 2-7-8
abExpReg
abs
constn
CopyVar
cos
absExpand
Ⅺand
cos–1
andConnect
angle
cosh
cosh–1
approx
arcLen
arg
Cross
crossP
CubicR
CubicReg
cuml
arrange
augment
DefaultListEditor
DefaultSetup
Define
DelFolder
DelVar
denominator
det
2-7-35
BinomialCD
BinomialPD
Box
Cmd 7-11-8
Cmd 7-11-7
Cmd 12-6-33
Cmd 12-6-9
Cmd 12-6-32
Cmd 12-6-23
Func 2-7-16
Cmd 7-11-6
Cmd 7-11-5
Cmd 7-9-10
Cmd 12-6-41
Cmd 12-6-15
Cmd 12-6-38
Cmd 12-6-15
Cmd 12-6-24
Cmd 12-6-45
Cmd 12-6-16
Cmd 12-6-6
Cmd 12-6-16
Func 2-7-33
Func 2-7-6
Func 2-7-34
Func 2-7-6
Func 2-7-17
Func 2-7-17
Func 2-7-16
Break
Broken
CallUndef
cExpand
ChiCD
diag
diff
dim
Func 2-7-21,
2-7-29,
ChiPD
ChiTest
2-7-37
ChrToNum
Circle
DispDfrTbl
DispDQTbl
DispFibTbl
DispFTable
DispListEditor
DispQutTbl
DispSeqTbl
DispSmryTbl
DispStat
Cmd 12-6-25
Cmd 12-6-25
Cmd 12-6-25
Cmd 12-6-16
Cmd 12-6-28
Cmd 12-6-25
Cmd 12-6-25
Cmd 12-6-16
Cmd 12-6-28
Cmd 12-6-6
Cmd 12-6-16
Func 2-7-7
Cmd 12-6-9
Cmd 12-6-32
Func 2-7-37
Cmd 12-6-25
Clear_a_z
ClearSheet
ClearSheet3D
CloseComPort38k
ClrGraph
ClrText
Cls
colDim
DispText
collect
Distance
colNorm
combine
compToPol
compToTrig
conjg
dms
Do~LpWhile
Dot
dotP
DrawConics
20050501
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α-8-2
Command and Function Index
Command/Function
DrawFTGCon, DrawFTGPlot Cmd 12-6-16
DrawGraph Cmd 12-6-17
Form
Page
Command/Function
Form
Page
GTSelOn
Histogram
Horizontal
i
Cmd 12-6-17
Cmd 12-6-32
Cmd 12-6-17
Cmd
DrawSeqCon, DrawSeqPlt Cmd 12-6-26
DrawSeqEtrCon, DrawSeqEtrPlt Cmd 12-6-26
DrawStat
Draw3D
dSolve
E
Cmd 12-6-28
Cmd 12-6-24
Func 2-7-39
Cmd
ident
Func 2-7-27
If~Then~ElseIf~Else ~IfEnd Cmd 12-6-11
im
Func 2-7-16
Cmd 12-6-4
Cmd 12-6-5
Cmd 12-6-5
Func 2-4-5
Input
e^
eigVc
Func 2-4-3
Func 2-7-30
Func 2-7-30
Func 2-7-41
Func 2-7-41
Func 2-7-4
Cmd 12-6-32
Cmd 12-6-28
Cmd 12-6-42
Func 2-7-7
Func 2-7-4
Func 2-7-4
Cmd 7-11-7
Func 2-7-18,
2-7-27,
InputFunc
InputStr
int
eigVl
eliminate
exchange
expand
ExpR
intg
Func 2-4-5
Inverse
invert
Cmd 12-6-18
Func 2-7-6
InvNorm
judge
Cmd 7-11-3
Func 2-4-9
ExpReg
ExpToStr
expToTrig
factor
lcm
Func 2-7-14
Cmd 12-6-32
Func 2-7-10
Cmd 12-6-18
Cmd 12-6-32
Cmd 12-6-29
Cmd 7-9-9
Ldot
lim
factorOut
FCD
Line
LinearR
LinearReg
LinRegTTest
listToMat
In
fill
2-7-35
Func 2-7-20
Func 2-4-3
fMax
Func 2-7-12
Func 2-7-11
Cmd 12-6-10
Cmd 7-11-6
Func 2-4-5
Func 2-4-5
Func 2-7-14
Cmd 7-11-10
Cmd 7-11-10
Cmd 12-6-39
Cmd 12-6-3
Func 2-7-42
Cmd 12-6-4
Func 2-7-41
Cmd 12-6-39
Cmd 12-6-45
Cmd 12-6-10
Cmd 12-6-17
Cmd 12-6-17
fMin
Local
Cmd 12-6-40
Cmd 12-6-7
Cmd 12-6-40
Cmd 12-6-40
Func 2-4-3
For~To~(Step~)Next
FPD
Locate
Lock
frac
LockFolder
log
fRound
gcd
LogisticR
LogisticReg
LogP
Cmd 12-6-32
Cmd 12-6-29
Cmd 12-6-23
Cmd 12-6-32
Cmd 12-6-29
Func 2-7-31
Func 2-7-28
Func 2-7-21
Func 2-7-22
Cmd 12-6-32
Func 2-7-22
Cmd 12-6-32
Cmd 12-6-29
GeoCD
GeoPD
GetFolder
GetKey
getLeft
LogR
LogReg
LU
GetPen
getRight
GetType
GetVar38k
Goto~Lbl
GraphType
GTSelOff
matToList
max
mean
MedBox
median
MedMed
MedMedLine
20050501
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α-8-3
Command and Function Index
Command/Function
Message
Form
Page
Cmd 12-6-7
Func 2-7-21
Func 2-7-15
Cmd 12-6-32
Func 2-7-22
Cmd 12-6-40
Func 2-7-32
Func 2-7-32
Cmd 12-6-30
Cmd 12-6-30
Func 2-4-9
Cmd 12-6-32
Cmd 12-6-40
Func 2-7-29,
2-7-37
Command/Function
Form
Page
PlotOn
Cmd 12-6-18
Func 12-6-19
Cmd 7-11-9
Cmd 7-11-9
Func 2-7-25
Cmd 12-6-32
Cmd 12-6-30
Cmd 12-6-7
Cmd 12-6-8
Func 2-7-23
Func 2-7-5
min
plotTest(
PoissonCD
PoissonPD
polyEval
PowerR
PowerReg
Print
mod
ModBox
mode
MoveVar
mRow
mRowAdd
MultiSortA
MultiSortD
nCr
PrintNatural
prod
propFrac
PTBrokenThck
PTCross
PTDot
NDist
Cmd 12-6-19
Cmd 12-6-19
Cmd 12-6-19
Cmd 12-6-19
Cmd 12-6-19
Cmd 12-6-20
Cmd 12-6-20
Cmd 12-6-20
Cmd 12-6-20
Func 12-6-20
Func 2-7-24
Func 2-7-24
Func 2-7-31
Cmd 12-6-32
Cmd 12-6-31
Cmd 12-6-32
Cmd 12-6-31
Func 2-4-7
NewFolder
norm
PTNormal
PTSquare
PTThick
PxlChg
normal
Func 2-7-13
Cmd 12-6-18
Cmd 7-11-2
Cmd 7-11-2
Func 2-7-43
Cmd 12-6-32
Func 2-4-9
Func 2-7-15
Cmd 12-6-42
Cmd 12-6-42
Cmd
NormalLine
NormCD
NormPD
PxlOff
not
PxlOn
NPPlot
pxlTest(
nPr
Q
Q
1
numerator
NumToChr
NumToStr
Off
3
QR
QuadR
QuadReg
QuartR
QuartReg
rand
On
Cmd
OnePropZInt
OnePropZTest
OneSampleTInt
OneSampleTTest
OneSampleZInt
OneSampleZTest
OneVariable
OneWayANOVA
OpenComPort38k
Ⅺor
Cmd 7-10-4
Cmd 7-9-4
Cmd 7-10-6
Cmd 7-9-6
Cmd 7-10-2
Cmd 7-9-2
Cmd 12-6-30
Cmd 7-9-12
Cmd 12-6-46
Cmd 2-7-43
Cmd 12-6-13
Func 2-7-25
Func 2-4-10
Cmd 12-6-18
Cmd 12-6-18
Cmd 12-6-18
randList
RandSeed
rangeAppoint
RclGMem
RclPict
RclVWin
re
Func 2-4-7
Cmd 2-4-8
Func 2-7-14
Cmd 12-6-20
Cmd 12-6-20
Cmd 12-6-21
Func 2-7-16
Cmd 12-6-46
Func 2-7-30
Cmd 12-6-40
Func 2-7-44
Cmd 12-6-13
Func 2-7-41
Func 2-7-4
Receive38k
ref
Pause
percent
Rename
replace
Return
piecewise
Plot
PlotChg
rewrite
PlotOff
rFactor
20050501
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α-8-4
Command and Function Index
Command/Function
rotate
Form
Page
Func 2-7-19
Func 2-7-33
Func 2-7-33
Func 2-7-33
Func 2-7-30
Func 2-7-40
Cmd 12-6-32
Cmd 12-6-24
Cmd 12-6-46
Cmd 12-6-46
Func 2-7-18
Cmd 12-6-26
Cmd 12-6-27
Cmd 12-6-27
Func 2-7-25
Cmd 12-6-33
Cmd 12-6-33
Cmd 12-6-33
Cmd 12-6-33
Cmd 12-6-33
Cmd 12-6-34
Cmd 12-6-34
Cmd 12-6-34
Cmd 12-6-34
Cmd 12-6-34
Cmd 12-6-34
Cmd 12-6-34
Cmd 12-6-35
Cmd 12-6-35
Cmd 12-6-35
Cmd 12-6-35
Cmd 12-6-41
Cmd 12-6-35
Cmd 12-6-35
Cmd 12-6-35
Cmd 12-6-36
Cmd 12-6-36
Cmd 12-6-36
Cmd 12-6-36
Cmd 12-6-36
Cmd 12-6-36
Cmd 12-6-37
Cmd 12-6-37
Command/Function
Form
Page
SetSmryTable
SetSmryTableQD
SetStandard
SetStatWinAuto
SetTVariable
SetΣdisp
SheetActive
SheetActive3D
SheetName
SheetName3D
shift
Cmd 12-6-37
Cmd 12-6-37
Cmd 12-6-37
Cmd 12-6-37
Cmd 12-6-38
Cmd 12-6-38
Cmd 12-6-21
Cmd 12-6-24
Cmd 12-6-21
Cmd 12-6-24
Func 2-7-19
Func 2-4-5
rowAdd
rowDim
rowNorm
rref
rSolve
Scatter
SelOn3D
Send38k
SendVar38k
seq
SeqSelOff
SeqSelOn
SeqType
signum
simplify
Func 2-7-3
sin
Func 2-4-2
sequence
SetAxes
sin–1
Func 2-4-2
sinh
sinh–1
Func 2-4-4
SetAxes3D
SetBG
Func 2-4-4
SinR
Cmd 12-6-32
Cmd 12-6-31
Cmd 12-6-13
Cmd 12-6-21
Func 2-7-39
Func 2-7-19
Func 2-7-19
Cmd 12-6-32
Func 2-4-5
SetCellWidth
SetComplex
SetCoord
SetCoordOff3D
SetCoordPol3D
SetCoordRect3D
SetDecimal
SetDegree
SetDeriv
SinReg
Skip
SmryTSelOn
solve
sortA
sortD
Square
sRound
StatGraph
StatGraphSel
stdDev
Cmd 12-6-32
Cmd 12-6-32
Func 2-7-24
Cmd 12-6-37
Cmd 12-6-21
Cmd 12-6-14
Cmd 12-6-22
Cmd 12-6-22
Cmd 12-6-42
Cmd 12-6-42
Cmd 12-6-43
Cmd 12-6-43
Cmd 12-6-43
Cmd 12-6-43
Cmd 12-6-43
Cmd 12-6-43
Cmd 12-6-44
SetDispGCon
SetDrawCon
SetDrawPlt
SetFix
StepDisp
StoGMem
Stop
SetFolder
SetFunc
StoPict
SetGrid
StoVWin
StrCmp
SetLabel
SetLabel3D
SetLeadCursor
SetNormal
SetRadian
SetReal
StrInv
StrJoin
StrLeft
StrLen
StrLwr
SetSci
StrMid
SetSequence
SetSimulGraph
StrRight
StrRotate
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α-8-5
Command and Function Index
Command/Function
StrShift
Form
Page
Cmd 12-6-44
Cmd 12-6-44
Func 12-6-44
Cmd 12-6-44
Func 2-7-20
Func 2-7-28
Func 2-7-23
Func 2-7-26
Func 2-7-32
Command/Function
Form
Page
variance
Func 2-7-24
Cmd 12-6-22
Cmd 12-6-23
Cmd 12-6-24
Cmd 12-6-37
Cmd 12-6-14
Cmd 12-6-15
Cmd 2-7-43
Cmd 12-6-32
Cmd 12-6-23
Cmd 12-6-23
Cmd
StrSrc
strToExp(
StrUpr
subList
subMat
sum
Vertical
ViewWindow
ViewWindow3D
VWin
Wait
While~WhileEnd
sumSeq
swap
Ⅺxor
xyLine
Switch~Case~Default~SwitchEnd Cmd 12-6-14
ZAuto
TableInput
tan
tan–1
Cmd 12-6-38
Func 2-4-2
Func 2-4-2
Cmd 12-6-22
Func 2-4-4
Func 2-4-4
Func 2-7-13
Func 2-7-13
Cmd 7-11-4
Func 2-7-7
Func 2-7-6
Cmd 12-6-22
Func 2-7-36
Func 2-7-8
Func 2-7-5
Func 2-7-36
Func 2-7-35
Func 2-7-36
Cmd 7-11-4
Func 2-7-7
Func 2-7-26
Cmd 7-10-5
Cmd 7-9-5
Cmd 7-9-11
Cmd 7-10-7
Cmd 7-9-7
Cmd 7-10-3
Cmd 7-9-3
Cmd 12-6-32
Cmd 7-9-13
Func 2-7-38
Cmd 12-6-41
Cmd 12-6-41
ZFactor
+
–
Cmd
TangentLine
tanh
tanh–1
×
/
Cmd
Cmd
^
Cmd 2-4-3
Cmd 2-4-5
Cmd 2-4-5
Cmd 2-4-11
Cmd 2-4-11
Cmd 2-4-11
Cmd 2-4-11
Cmd 2-4-11
Cmd 2-4-11
Cmd 2-4-5
Cmd 2-4-5
Cmd 2-4-11
Cmd 2-4-1
Cmd 2-4-1
Cmd 12-6-8
Cmd 12-6-8
tanLine
^2
taylor
^(–1)
TCD
=
≠
<
>
≤
≥
!
tCollect
tExpand
Text
toCyl
toDMS
toFrac
toPol
%
toRect
| (with)
r
toSph
TPD
°
trigToExp
trn
S
#
’
TwoPropZInt
TwoPropZTest
TwoSampleFTest
TwoSampleTInt
TwoSampleTTest
TwoSampleZInt
TwoSampleZTest
TwoVariable
TwoWayANOVA
unitV
Cmd 2-4-10,
12-6-2
"
Cmd 12-6-41
Cmd
π
∞
∠
Cmd 2-4-12
Func 2-4-10
Func 2-4-5
Func 2-7-10
Func 2-7-10
Func 2-7-9
Func 2-7-23
12-6-2
Σ
Π
∫
Alist
Unlock
:
(Multi-statement Command)
1Carriage Return)
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UnlockFolder
200520050051050
(
12-6-2
α-9-1
Graph Types and Executable Functions
9 Graph Types and Executable Functions
᭺: Executable
−: Not executable
D: Executable with some conditions
y
=
r
=
xt=
Graph Type
᭺
᭺
᭺
During
Log
During
Log
During
Log
Function
Graphing
Graphing
Graphing
Zoom
Box
In
Out
Auto
Original
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭝
(Both
logarithms
only)
᭝
(Both
logarithms
only)
᭝
(Both
logarithms
only)
Square
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
−
᭺
−
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
−
−
᭺
−
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
Round
Integer
Previous
Quick Types
Trace
−
−
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
᭺
−
Analysis
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
Sketch
Cls
Plot
Line
Text
Tangent
Normal
Inverse
Circle
Vertical
Horizontal
Root
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
−
−
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
᭺
᭺
−
᭺
᭺
−
G-Solve
−
−
−
−
Max
Min
−
−
−
−
y-Intercept
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
Intersect
y-cal
᭺
᭺
−
−
᭺
−
᭺
−
᭺
᭺
−
−
᭺
−
᭺
−
᭺
᭺
−
−
x-cal
−
−
∫ d
x
−
−
Inflection
Distance
π ∫
Dynamic Modify
Direct Modify
᭺
᭺
−
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
᭺
−
᭺
−
᭺
−
f(
x 2
dx
)
Modify
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α-9-2
Graph Types and Executable Functions
x
=
y
Inequality
x
Inequality
Graph Type
᭺
᭺
᭺
During
Log
During
Log
During
Log
Function
Zoom
Graphing
Graphing
Graphing
Box
In
Out
Auto
Original
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭝
(Both
logarithms
only)
᭝
(Both
logarithms
only)
᭝
(Both
logarithms
only)
Square
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
−
᭺
−
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
−
−
᭺
−
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
Round
Integer
Previous
Quick Types
Trace
−
−
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
᭺
−
Analysis
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
᭺
᭺
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
Sketch
Cls
Plot
Line
Text
Tangent
Normal
Inverse
Circle
Vertical
Horizontal
Root
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
−
−
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
᭺
᭺
−
᭺
−
᭺
᭺
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
G-Solve
−
−
Max
Min
−
−
y
-Intercept
−
−
−
−
Intersect
y
-cal
−
−
−
−
x
-cal
−
−
∫ dx
−
−
Inflection
Distance
π ∫
Dynamic Modify
Direct Modify
᭺
᭺
−
᭺
−
᭺
−
᭺
−
᭺
−
᭺
−
᭺
−
᭺
−
᭺
−
᭺
−
f
(
x 2
dx
)
Modify
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α-9-3
Graph Types and Executable Functions
Statistical Regression
3D
−
Statistical - Plot
Graph Type
᭺
᭺
During
Log
During
Log
During
Log
Function
Zoom
Graphing
Graphing
Graphing
−
−
−
−
−
−
Box
In
Out
Auto
Original
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
᭺
᭝
(Both
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
᭺
᭝
(Both
᭺
᭺
−
−
᭺
᭺
Square
−
−
᭺
᭺
logarithms
only)
logarithms
only)
−
−
−
−
−
−
᭺
−
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
−
−
᭺
−
Round
Integer
Previous
Quick Types
Trace
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
Analysis
᭺
᭺
−
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
᭺
᭺
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
Sketch
Cls
Plot
Line
Text
Tangent
Normal
Inverse
Circle
Vertical
Horizontal
Root
Max
Min
y-Intercept
Intersect
y-cal
x-cal
∫ dx
Inflection
−
᭺
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
᭺
−
−
−
−
−
−
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
᭺
᭺
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
G-Solve
−
−
−
−
−
᭝(z-cal)
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
Distance
π ∫ f(x)2dx
Dynamic Modify
Direct Modify
−
Modify
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
Statistical - Plot
• Scatter
Statistical Regression
• LogR
• NDist
• ExpR
• LinearR
• MedMed
• QuadR
• CubicR
• QuartR
• xyLine
• abExpR
• PowerR
• SinR
• NPPlot
• Histogram
• Broken
• LogisticR
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α-9-4
Graph Types and Executable Functions
Statistical - Box
Conics
᭺
Graph Type
᭺
During
Log
Graphing
During
Log
Graphing
Function
Zoom
Box
In
Out
Auto
Original
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭝
(Both
logarithms
only)
᭝
(Both
logarithms
only)
Square
᭺
᭺
−
−
᭺
−
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
Round
Integer
Previous
Quick Types
Trace
−
−
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
᭺
−
Analysis
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
Sketch
Cls
Plot
Line
Text
Tangent
Normal
Inverse
Circle
Vertical
Horizontal
Root
᭺
᭺
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
᭺
᭺
᭺
−
−
−
᭺
᭺
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
᭺
᭺
−
−
−
G-Solve
Max
Min
y
-Intercept
᭺
−
᭺
−
Intersect
y
-cal
᭺
᭺
−
᭺
᭺
−
x
-cal
∫ dx
−
−
Inflection
Distance
π ∫
Dynamic Modify
Direct Modify
−
−
f
(
x 2
dx
)
−
−
Modify
−
−
−
−
Statistical - Box
• MedBox
• ModBox
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α-10-1
Error Message Table
10 Error Message Table
k Error Message Table
Error Message
Description
A single presentation can contain up to 60
pages.
–
Access to Flash ROM
Argument must be a variable name
Can’t Create
–
–
–
Can’t Delete
–
Can’t Edit
–
Can’t Rename
–
Can’t Transform into This Type
Circular Reference
Communication Failure
–
Circular reference exists for a variable.
–
Compressed Program.
Impossible to Edit.
–
Current Folder
You attempted to perform an operation that
is prohibited for the current folder.
Data size
–
Delete or store operation is invalid for
program/function type
–
Dependent Value
Division by 0
Domain
–
–
An argument value is outside of the
specified Domain range.
Duplicate Name
–
Exceeds Maximum Length of Line
A line in your program exceeds the
allowable length.
Exceeds Maximum Number of Folders
Exceeds Maximum Number of Variables
–
The operation you are attempting creates
variables that cause the maximum number
of allowable variables to be exceeded.
Exception Error Occurred
–
–
Failed in Undefined Window Calculation
Failed to capture. Select a presentation file
to save pages.
–
Flash ROM!
Initialize Flash ROM immediately at
System application!
–
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α-10-2
Error Message Table
Error Message
Description
Folder
The folder name you specified for a
command argument does not exist.
Or you have input the name of a folder that
cannot be specified (“library” folder, etc.)
Function has invalid variable name
Function Type
–
The expression type that is selected
cannot execute a function.
History Full
The operation you are performing creates a
history entry that causes history contents
to exceed the allowable limit.
–
Incorrect Argument
Incorrect Jump
A “Goto” command is used without a
corresponding “Lbl” command.
Incorrect Number of Arguments
Incorrect Number of Parenthesis
Incorrect Program Call
–
–
–
–
Insufficient Elements
Insufficient Memory
There is not enough memory to complete
the operation you are trying to perform.
Invalid Bounds
The specified boundary conditions are not
appropriate for the operation being
performed.
Invalid Code
–
Invalid Data Type
The calculation you are trying to perform
has an invalid data type as an argument.
Invalid Dimension
The two lists or matrices you are trying to
perform a calculation between have
different dimensions.
Invalid for Local Variable
You attempted to perform an operation that
is prohibited for a local variable.
Invalid in a Function or Current Expression
You are trying to perform a calculation
using a expression that contains an illegal
command (or function).
Invalid Name
You are trying to use an improper folder
name, variable name (including functions
and programs), or label name.
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α-10-3
Error Message Table
Error Message
Description
Invalid Outside Function or Program
You are trying to execute a command that
must be used inside of a program as a
local command, outside of a program.
Invalid Path
You are trying to specify an invalid path.
This error occurs when you include a
system folder in a path, when you include a
system variable in a path, or when you try
to specify a path where path specification
is not allowed.
Invalid String
Invalid Syntax
The command you are trying to execute
has an invalid string specified as an
argument.
The syntax you are trying to use is not
correct.
Invalid Table Input Value
Invalid Variable Reference
–
The variable you are trying to access does
not exist. This error occurs when you try to
read the contents of a system variable that
does not contain any data, etc.
Invalid View Window Value
Locked or Protected
–
–
Maximum value needs to be larger than
minimum
–
Memory is full
Memory has become full during a data
communication operation.
Missing ”
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Name is up to 8 bytes
Negative Value Set in Scale
Nesting of subroutines exceeds 40 levels
No file is specified
No Formula Selected
No Functions Selected
No Sequences Selected
No Sheet Name
No Solution
No Stat Graphs Selected
No Variable
No word is specified
Non-Algebraic Variable in Expression
You are attempting to use a variable that
cannot be used in a calculation.
20050501
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α-10-4
Error Message Table
Error Message
Non-Real Result
Description
The ClassPad is in the Real mode but the
value you are inputting or the result
produced by a calculation is a complex
number.
Not a Local Variable
The variable you are trying to assign data
to is not a local variable.
Not a Numerical Value Result
Not an Empty Folder
–
You are trying to delete or perform some
other operation on a folder that is not
empty.
Not Appropriate Numerical Value Input
Not Found
–
–
–
Not Function Name or Program Name
Over 30 factors have occurred
The number of factors in a summary table
has exceeded 30.
Overflow
–
–
Page Size
Presentation file is not selected or does not
exist.
–
Receiving Failure
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Reserved Name or System Variable
Stack
Stat Calculation
Stat Graph Setting
This name already exists
Too Long Sheet Name
Too Long String
Transmission Failure
Undefined Result in Condition Judgment
A condition judgment program control
command has performed comparison with
an undefined variable, which returns a
condition judgment of “Undefined”.
Undefined Variable
Variable in Use
–
–
View Window settings for log contain a 0 or
negative value.
–
View Window value is out of range
Wrong Argument Type
–
–
20050501
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α-10-5
Error Message Table
k Warning Message Table
Warning Message
Description
Batteries are extremely low!
Replace batteries immediately!
–
Can’t Solve!
–
Can’t solve!
NumSolve cannot solve an expression.
Adjust initial value or bounds.
Then try again.
Insufficient memory for unit-to-unit
communication.
Delete unnecessary eActivity contents.
–
–
Only the first selected function will be
done.
This operation will make your presentation
files unavailable.
Are you sure?
–
–
Time out.
The end of condition was not satisfied.
Too Many eActivity Files
The data communication operation you are
trying to perform is not possible because
there are too many eActivity files.
k Low Memory Error Processing
An error occurs on the ClassPad if it is unable to reserve enough work area memory to
perform a particular operation. When a low memory error occurs, any application in use at
that point is shut down and an error message like the one shown below appears.
Tapping the [OK] button clears the error.
Important!
• To avoid loss of data, you should make it a regular habit to periodically perform the save
operation.
You may lose some of the data you are inputting with an application that shuts down due to a
low memory error. When the low memory error occurs while you are using the eActivity
application to create data, for example, any unsaved data you have input is lost.
20050501
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CASIO Europe GmbH
Bornbarch 10, 22848 Norderstedt,
Germany
Important!
Please keep your manual and all information handy for
future reference.
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CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD.
6-2, Hon-machi 1-chome
Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8543, Japan
One or more of the following patents may be used in the product.
U.S.Pats. 4,794,553 4,794,554 5,166,897 5,210,708 5,535,317
SA0908-C
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