RoamAbout 802.11 Outdoor Antenna
Title Page
Installation Guide
9033073
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RoamAbout 802.11 Outdoor Antenna
Installation Guide
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Notice
Cabletron Systems reserves the right to make changes in
specifications and other information contained in this document without
prior notice. The reader should in all cases consult Cabletron Systems
to determine whether any such changes have been made.
The hardware, firmware, or software described in this manual is
subject to change without notice.
IN NO EVENT SHALL CABLETRON SYSTEMS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES WHATSOEVER (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
LOST PROFITS) ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THIS MANUAL
OR THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN IT, EVEN IF CABLETRON
SYSTEMS HAS BEEN ADVISED OF, KNOWN, OR SHOULD HAVE
KNOWN, THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
Copyright 1999 by:
Cabletron Systems, Inc., 35 Industrial Way, Rochester, NH 03867
All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America.
Order Number: 9033073
Cabletron Systems and RoamAbout are registered trademarks of
Cabletron Systems, Inc.
PC Card is a trademark of PCMCIA.
All other trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of
their respective holders.
Web Site: http://www.cabletron.com/wireless
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Regulatory Information
Canada
The products included with the RoamAbout Outdoor Kit for outdoor antenna installations
comply with GL-36 of Industry and Science Canada.
USA - Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
The devices included with this outdoor kit comply with Part 15 of FCC Rules. Operation of
the devices in a RoamAbout Outdoor System is subject to the following conditions:
•
This device may not cause undesired interference.
•
This device must accept any interference that may cause undesired operation.
Europe - EU Declaration of Conformity
Cabletron Systems declares that the RoamAbout products included in the RoamAbout
Outdoor Kit conform to the specifications listed below, following the provisions of the EMC
Directive 89/336/EEC:
•
EMC
prETS 300-826 General EMC requirements for Radio equipment.
ETS300-328 Technical requirements for Radio equipment.
•
Radio
User Information
To comply with the regulations listed above, you must install and use each of the
RoamAbout Outdoor Kit components (Lightning Protector, Cables and Antennas) in strict
accordance with the instructions in this guide.
This equipment may cause exposure to Radio Frequency radiation. Antennas
shall be mounted in such a manner to minimize the potential for human contact
WARNING
during normal operation. To avoid the possibility of exceeding FCC radio
frequency exposure limits, do not touch the antenna during operation.
When connecting RoamAbout devices to equipment other than the Cabletron Systems
RoamAbout products described in this guide, the antenna installation may no longer comply
with the regulations as defined above. In this case, it is the responsibility of the user to
ensure that the entire antenna installation complies with local radio regulations.
•
•
Consult the user documentation that came with the other equipment to determine
whether additional instructions, cautions, or regulations apply.
Verify that the antenna installer is aware of these issues and regulations.
There is no guarantee that interference to radio communications will not occur in a particular
commercial installation.
•
•
•
If this device does cause interference, which can be determined by turning the
host equipment off and on, the user should refer to the host equipment
documentation, or contact the local equipment supplier.
In case the device does cause interference with an authorized radio service, the
user/operator shall promptly stop operating the device until interference is
eliminated.
Cabletron Systems is not responsible for any radio or television interference
caused by unauthorized modification of the devices included with the RoamAbout
Outdoor Kit, or the substitution or attachment of connecting cables and equipment
other than that specified by Cabletron Systems.
The correction of interference caused by such unauthorized modification,
substitution or attachment is the responsibility of the user.
•
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Notes, Cautions and Warnings
This guide uses the following conventions for notes, cautions and
warnings:
The NOTE symbol calls the reader’s attention to important
information.
NOTE
The CAUTION symbol cautions against actions that could
result in equipment damage.
!
CAUTION
The WARNING symbol warns against actions that could
WARNING
result in personal injury or death.
The ELECTRICAL HAZARD WARNING symbol warns
against electrical hazards that could result in personal injury
or death.
iv
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Getting Help
Before calling your service provider for assistance, have the following
information ready:
•
•
•
Your service contract number
A description of the problem
A description of any action(s) already taken to resolve the
problem.
•
•
The serial and revision numbers of all involved products in the
network
A description of your network environment (layout, cable type,
etc.)
•
•
Network load and frame size at the time of trouble (if known)
The device history (i.e., have you returned the device before,
is this a recurring problem, etc.)
•
Any previous Return Material Authorization (RMA) number.
If you purchased your system through a Channel Partner, contact that
Channel Partner for assistance.
If you purchased your system from Cabletron, contact Cabletron using
one of the following methods:
World Wide Web
Phone
(603) 332-9400
/email-support.form
Internet mail
FTP
anonymous
Login
Password
your email address
To send comments or suggestions concerning this document, contact the
Cabletron Systems Technical Writing Department via the following
Make sure to include the document Part Number in the email message.
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
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Table of Contents
•
•
•
•
Notice
ii
iii
iv
v
Regulatory Information
Notes, Cautions and Warnings
Getting Help
1
Introduction
1-1
1-1
About This Guide
•
•
Who Should Use This Guide
Organization of this Guide
1-1
1-2
The RoamAbout Outdoor Kit
1-4
1-6
Finding Additional Information
2
Installation Guidelines
Site Prerequisites
2-1
2-1
2-2
2-2
Pre-Installation Checklist
Overview of the Indoor Installation
•
•
•
•
Selecting the Right RoamAbout PC Card
Placement of the RoamAbout Access Point
Placement of the Lightning Protector
Antenna Cable Route
2-3
2-6
2-8
2-8
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Table of Contents
Overview of the Outdoor Installation
2-10
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Antenna Placement
Antenna Mast/Wall Bracket
Grounding System
RoamAbout Antennas
Antenna Alignment
Antenna Cable Routing
Before Climbing the Roof...
2-11
2-13
2-15
2-15
2-17
2-18
2-19
3
4
Determining Range & Clearance
The Fresnel Zone
3-1
3-1
3-3
Other Considerations
Installing the Antenna
4-1
4-1
Planning the Antenna Installation
•
•
Safety Precautions
Installation Overview
4-2
4-4
Mounting the Antenna
4-5
•
•
Mounting the Directional Antenna
Mounting the Omni-directional Antenna
4-5
4-8
Connecting the Antenna Cable
4-10
4-12
•
Sealing the Cable Connectors
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Table of Contents
A
B
C
The RoamAbout 14-dBi Directional Antenna
A-1
General Description
Contents of the Antenna Box
A-1
A-1
•
The RoamAbout 7-dBi Omni-Directional Antenna B-1
General Description
Contents of the Antenna Box
B-1
B-1
•
The Antenna Cabling System
C-1
The Outdoor Cabling Components
C-1
C-1
•
Selecting the Correct Connector Type
RoamAbout Cable Assembly
C-4
C-5
RoamAbout Lightning Protector
•
•
Installation
Routine Maintenance
C-6
C-7
Low-Loss Antenna Cable
C-8
D
Calculating Range & Clearance
Introduction
D-1
D-1
D-2
The Dynamic Range Budget
•
•
•
Link speed versus Range
Determine Line-of-Sight Clearance
Determine Typical Range
D-5
D-5
D-8
Which Antenna do You Need
D-10
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Introduction
1
About This Guide
1
This RoamAbout 802.11 Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
explains how to install and set up a RoamAbout Outdoor Antenna
link. Information is also provided to verify the wireless link quality
and correct any problems that may arise during installation or
operation.
This guide does not explain how to erect the antenna mast or how
to install a safety grounding system. These are prerequisites that
must be in place before the antenna is installed.
Who Should Use This Guide
1
The installation of Outdoor Antenna Links requires technical
expertise. At the very least, you should be able to:
•
Install and configure the network components, such as the
RoamAbout Access Point and the RoamAbout Access Point
Manager.
•
Mount the outdoor antenna and lightning protector. Cabletron
Systems recommends that the installation is performed by a
qualified antenna installation service.
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
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Introduction
About This Guide
Organization of this Guide
1
In this guide you will find information to prepare for and verify the
antenna installation. The information is organized as follows:
Chapter 1 - Introduction (This Chapter)
1
1
1
1
Introduces the RoamAbout Outdoor Kit and describes where you
can find the information to set up a wireless system.
Chapter 2 - Installation Guidelines
Describes the requirements that a site must meet before you start
the antenna installation.
Chapter 3 - Determining Range & Clearance
Provides a quick reference to determine antenna height and
clearance requirements.
Chapter 4 - Installing the Antenna
Describes how to mount a RoamAbout Outdoor Antenna to a mast
or wall, and how to connect the antenna to the cable and to the
Lightning Protector.
Appendix A - The RoamAbout 14-dBi Directional Antenna
1
1
Describes the RoamAbout 14-dBi Directional Antenna used to set
up long-distance, point-to-point antenna links.
Appendix B - The RoamAbout 7-dBi Omni-Directional
Antenna
Describes the RoamAbout 7-dBi Omni-Directional antenna used to
set up point-to-point antenna links.
1-2
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Introduction
About This Guide
Appendix C - The Antenna Cabling System
1
1
Describes the hardware specifications of the certified RoamAbout
Cable Assembly, Lightning Protector and Low-loss Antenna Cable,
which you will need to connect a RoamAbout Access Point or other
computing device to an outdoor antenna installation.
Appendix D - Calculating Range & Clearance
Describes how to calculate the typical and/or maximum distance
that you can achieve using products available through the
RoamAbout Outdoor Kit. Also describes how to determine which
antennas and/or cables you need to cover a predefined distance.
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Introduction
The RoamAbout Outdoor Kit
The RoamAbout Outdoor Kit
1
The RoamAbout Outdoor Kit is a set of antenna products that
enable you to connect multiple buildings or LANs via a wireless
outdoor point-to-point link.
The kit provides a selection of high-gain, low-noise antennas and
components to fully utilize the Spread Spectrum Technology
features of the RoamAbout PC Card. If desired, the antenna
products in the RoamAbout Outdoor Kit may be purchased
separately.
Antenna choices include:
•
The RoamAbout 14-dBi Yagi antenna designed to provide high
gain for your building-to-building communications link while still
allowing for ease of use and installation of your outdoor
equipment.
•
The RoamAbout 7-dBi Omni-Directional antenna designed to
provide a wide range radio beam.
Together with the high sensitivity of RoamAbout PC Cards, the
antenna products available through the RoamAbout Outdoor Kit
provide the best solution to set up high-speed wireless point-to-
point communication links.
1-4
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Introduction
The RoamAbout Outdoor Kit
1.
The outdoor antennas supplied with your RoamAbout
Outdoor Kit are intended for mounting on a roof or the
side of a building.
WARNING
2.
3.
Antennas should only be installed by a qualified
installer or antenna installation service.
Site prerequisites should be verified by a person
familiar with national codes, local electrical codes, and
with other regulations governing this type of
installation.
4.
Cabletron Systems, its channel partners, resellers, and
distributors assume no liability for personal injury,
property damage, or violation of government
regulations that may arise from failing to comply with
the instructions in this guide.
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Introduction
Finding Additional Information
Finding Additional Information
1
Installing a RoamAbout Access Point
1
The installation of a RoamAbout Access Point is described in the
RoamAbout Access Point User’s Guide included with each
RoamAbout Access Point.
Configuration and Management
1
The configuration and management of outdoor antenna links is
controlled via the RoamAbout Access Point Manager, which is
described in the RoamAbout Access Point User’s Guide shipped
with each RoamAbout Access Point.
Context-Sensitive Help
1
Context-sensitive help for the RoamAbout Access Point Manager
program is available by clicking the Help button on the screen or
F1
pressing the
function key.
Hardware Specifications
1
•
•
RoamAbout Access Point hardware specifications are
described in the RoamAbout Access Point User’s Guide.
Radio Frequency specifications for the RoamAbout interface of
the RoamAbout Access Point are described in the RoamAbout
IEEE DS/PC Card and ISA Adapter Card User’s Guide
shipped with each RoamAbout PC Card.
•
Hardware specifications for the outdoor antennas and
RoamAbout Lightning Protector are listed in the Appendices of
this guide.
1-6
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Introduction
Finding Additional Information
Additional files on your diskettes
1
All software diskettes that come with your RoamAbout products
include a readme.txt file which contains information about the
software version and/or drivers on the diskette.
You are advised to print and read the readme.txt file prior to
installing your RoamAbout products, as it may contain additional
information that was not available when this document was
printed.
Other Sources of Information
1
All documentation listed above can be downloaded from the
RoamAbout website at:
You are advised to visit the website at regular intervals for the
latest available information, documentation and software updates
and other RoamAbout news.
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Installation Guidelines
2
Site Prerequisites
2
Please review all requirements outlined within the sections listed
below before the installation process begins:
•
•
•
•
Pre-Installation Checklist
Overview of the Indoor Installation
Overview of the Outdoor Installation
Before Climbing the Roof...
Prior to climbing on the roof or any other area where you intend to
install the outdoor antenna, you are advised to:
•
•
•
Verify you have arranged all safety measures for outdoor/
rooftop installation.
Verify you have all equipment and tools required to install the
outdoor antennas.
Install and verify proper operation of the equipment.
Carefully plan your antenna installation. Do not install the
antenna in wet, windy, icy, or otherwise unsafe weather
conditions.
WARNING
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Installation Guidelines
Pre-Installation Checklist
Pre-Installation Checklist
2
Before you install the RoamAbout antenna system, you must
configure the communications link as follows:
RoamAbout Access Point (AP) Configuration:
√
√
Bridge Mode - LAN-to-LAN (same setting for each AP)
Remote Wireless MAC Address - MAC address of the wireless
device at the remote AP
√
√
√
Transmit Rate - same setting for each AP (typically Auto Rate)
Channel Selection - same frequency setting for each AP
Management Software - RoamAbout Access Point Manager V3.4
(minimum) installed on PC
√
AP Firmware - Version 3.4 (minimum)
Refer to the RoamAbout Access Point User’s Guide for details
about AP configuration.
Overview of the Indoor Installation
2
Figure 2-1 shows an overview of the hardware setup for the indoor
installation. On each end of the wireless link you will need:
•
A RoamAbout PC Card (A). Refer to Selecting the Right
RoamAbout PC Card on page 2-3.
•
•
A RoamAbout Access Point (B).
The 50-cm RoamAbout Cable Assembly (C) to connect the
RoamAbout PC Card (A) to the lightning protector (D).
•
A lightning protector (D) to protect your RoamAbout equipment
from static discharge and transients that may be received from
your antenna (see Figure C-1 on page C-6 for details).
2-2
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Installation Guidelines
Overview of the Indoor Installation
•
A low-loss antenna cable (E) to connect the indoor installation
to the outdoor antenna.
All of these components are included in the RoamAbout Outdoor
Kit. Each component can be purchased separately.
The RoamAbout Access Point, lightning protector, and the
WARNING
antenna mast must be connected to the same grounding
system as described in Grounding System on page 2-15.
Figure 2-1 Indoor Installation Overview
E
D
B
A
C
100_07
Selecting the Right RoamAbout PC Card
2
Wireless communication is usually subject to local radio
regulations. To comply with such regulations, Cabletron Systems
offers two types of RoamAbout Cards to connect a RoamAbout
Access Point to an outdoor antenna installation (see Figure 2-2).
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Installation Guidelines
Overview of the Indoor Installation
Figure 2-2 RoamAbout PC Card Identification
Wireless
LANs
Wireless
LANs
Black
Background
White
Background
•
•
In countries that adhere to FCC regulations1, use the
RoamAbout PC Card with the black-background label.
In France, Japan, and countries that adhere to ETSI
regulations2, you must select the card-type based upon the
antenna that is used:
— You can use the RoamAbout PC Card with the black-
background label when connecting the PC Card to the
RoamAbout 7-dBi Omni-Directional Antenna.
— You must use the RoamAbout PC Card with the white-
background label when connecting the PC Card to the
RoamAbout 14-dBi Directional Antenna for outdoor use.
1
2
As defined by the United States Federal Communications Commission
(FCC)
As defined by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute
(ETSI)
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Installation Guidelines
Overview of the Indoor Installation
When you order a RoamAbout Outdoor Kit, the kit marketed in
your country will include the correct card type that complies with
the regulations that apply in your country.
If you purchase RoamAbout outdoor antenna equipment as
separate components, make sure you order the correct items as
determined by country regulations. If you have any questions,
contact your local Cabletron Systems Sales Office for additional
information.
It is always the responsibility of the end-user to ensure
that an outdoor antenna installation complies with local
NOTE
radio regulations. The end-user must verify that:
1. The antenna installer is aware of these regulations.
2. The correct type of RoamAbout PC card is used to
connect the RoamAbout Access Point to the outdoor
antenna installation.
3. The correct type of cables and lightning protector
have been used, according to the instructions
described in this guide.
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Installation Guidelines
Overview of the Indoor Installation
Placement of the RoamAbout Access Point 2
The ideal location to install your RoamAbout Access Point must
satisfy the following requirements:
•
•
•
•
•
The location must be indoors to protect the unit from extreme
weather conditions, excessive heat and humidity, and to keep
the unit free from vibration and dust.
The location must provide a connection to a grounding type
AC wall outlet (100-240 VAC), using the standard power cord
supplied with the unit.
The AC wall outlet ground must be connected to the same
grounding system as the RoamAbout Lightning Protector and
antenna mast (see Grounding System on page 2-15).
The location must provide a connection to the network
backbone via an Ethernet LAN cable going to a hub, bridge, or
directly into a patch panel.
The location must be as close as possible to the point where
the antenna cable will enter the building (see Placement of the
Lightning Protector on page 2-8).
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Installation Guidelines
Overview of the Indoor Installation
Prior to mounting the RoamAbout Access Point, you are advised to
carefully calculate:
•
The distance between the intended location of your
RoamAbout Access Point and the location of the antenna
mast.
•
The height of the antenna on the mast.
If the low-loss antenna cable is not long enough to cover this
distance, you have one of two options:
•
Select another location that satisfies the requirements listed on
the previous page to mount your RoamAbout Access Point.
or
•
Select another low-loss cable length (refer to Appendix C - The
Antenna Cabling System: Table C-4 on page C-8, Table C-5 on
page C-9, and Table C-6 on page C-9).
1. As the length of the antenna cable may affect the actual
transmission/reception range of your outdoor antenna
installation, the first option is preferred.
NOTE
2. Shortening the cable will void the Cabletron Systems
Warranty, and may conflict with radio certifications and/
or approvals.
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Installation Guidelines
Overview of the Indoor Installation
Placement of the Lightning Protector
2
Lightning protection is designed to protect people, property and
equipment by providing a path to the ground whenever lightning
strikes your antenna installation. The RoamAbout Lightning
Protector is an indispensable part of such a grounding system to
protect your electronic equipment from transients and/or
electrostatic discharges at the antenna.
For optimal protection, the location of the RoamAbout Lightning
Protector:
•
•
•
Must be as close as possible to the point where the antenna
cable enters the building.
Allow for easy installation/removal of the lightning protector
using the cables shown in Figure 2-1 on page 2-3.
Provide a connection to the same grounding system as the
RoamAbout Access Point and the outdoor antenna mast as
described in Grounding System on page 2-15.
Antenna Cable Route
2
The antenna cable must be connected to the RoamAbout Access
Point via the RoamAbout Lightning Protector and Cable Assembly
as pictured in Figure 2-1 on page 2-3. To plan the route of the
antenna cable please consider the following questions:
•
•
Does the cable route require drilling through a wall or ceiling?
Do you have a building plan of the desired location showing
any other existing cabling routes like electricity, telephone or
networking?
•
•
Does the building material require special tools for drilling?
Is there adequate space and drainage for installing all
necessary antenna cable drip loops?
2-8
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Installation Guidelines
Overview of the Indoor Installation
The cable should not be installed into tight positions, as bending or
applying excessive force to the connectors may damage the
antenna cable. Always allow the cable to bend naturally around
corners.
The recommended bend radius is 25 mm (1 in.).
The antenna cable must be secured along its complete length. No
part of the antenna cable should be allowed to hang free. This is
particularly important for cable parts that are installed outdoors.
Antenna cable and cable connectors are not designed to
withstand excessive force:
!
CAUTION
1. Do not use connectors as cable grips to pull cable
through raceways or conduits.
2. Do not use cable connectors to support the weight of the
cable during or after installation.
3. Do not use tools to tighten connectors (finger-tighten
only).
4. Always seal connectors with waterproof stretch tape.
Before sealing outdoor connectors and permanently securing
cables, verify that the installation is correct and all components
function properly.
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Installation Guidelines
Overview of the Outdoor Installation
Overview of the Outdoor Installation
2
Verify the availability of the following components required for the
outdoor installation of the point-to-point link:
•
•
The RoamAbout Systems Antenna.
The RoamAbout Systems low-loss antenna cable (available in
different cable lengths).
•
•
Antenna Mast/Wall Bracket (not included in kit).
An adequate Grounding System that meets the requirements
described on page 2-15.
•
Waterproof stretch tape to seal all outdoor coax cable
connections.
2-10
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Installation Guidelines
Overview of the Outdoor Installation
Antenna Placement
2
To achieve maximum performance for your wireless outdoor
connection, the RoamAbout Outdoor Antennas must have clear
line-of-sight which is defined as:
•
•
No obstacles in the direct path between the two antennas.
No obstacles within a defined zone around the antenna beam.
The shape of a radio beam is not straight and narrow like a laser
beam. The radio beam, also referred to as Fresnel Zone, is bulged
in the middle, like a football or rugby ball. The exact shape and
width of the Fresnel Zone is determined by the path length and
frequency of the radio signal.
If any significant part of this zone is obstructed, a portion of the
radio energy will be lost, resulting in reduced performance.
Reduced performance may also occur when obstacles that are
close to the antenna beam cause signal reflections or noise that
interfere with the radio signal.
Figure 2-3 shows some typical examples of obstacles that you
must avoid for a directional antenna to operate effectively:
A. Neighboring Buildings
B. Trees or other obstructions
C. Power lines
To allow optimal performance, ensure that the type and placement
of the antennas allows sufficient clearance of the Fresnel Zone at
the maximum width of the bulge, typically at the midpoint between
the antennas. For more information, see Chapter 3 - Determining
Range & Clearance.
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Installation Guidelines
Overview of the Outdoor Installation
Figure 2-3 Potential Obstacles for a Directional Antenna
To minimize the influence of obstacles, signal interference or
reflections please note the following guidelines:
•
Mount the antenna as high as possible above ground to allow
maximum clearance:
— In open areas, ground is the actual surface of the earth
— In dense urban areas ground is defined as the height of
the highest obstacle in the signal path between the two
antenna sites.
•
•
Avoid trees or other foliage in the signal path to prevent
interference or signal absorption due to dynamic changes in
seasons (leaves/ice).
Install the antenna at least 2 m (6 ft) away from all other
antennas.
Other situations where reflections of the radio signal may cause
interference are environments where large reflecting surfaces exist
in parallel or partly perpendicular to the antenna beam.
2-12
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Installation Guidelines
Overview of the Outdoor Installation
Environments with large reflective surfaces include:
•
•
•
•
Buildings with mirrored-glass or low emissivity (low-e) glass
Crowded parking lots
Water or moist earth and moist vegetation
Above ground power/telephone lines
Seasonal factors that could have an effect on signal propagation
may occur in the following situations:
•
If there are lots of trees in the signal path, marginal
communications during times of low foliage could fail at other
times when foliage is high.
•
In subfreezing conditions, the communications link could fail if
an antenna is exposed to ice buildup or covered with snow.
In these cases, consult your antenna installation contractor, or take
other appropriate steps to maintain/optimize wireless performance.
Antenna Mast/Wall Bracket
2
Two examples of mounting an antenna include:
•
•
Tripod Mount
Wall (Side) Mount
Tripod Mount
2
The tripod mount is used primarily on peaked and flat roofs. The
antenna mast must be secured to the roof using 3 or 4 guy wires
that are equally spaced around the mast. When the height of the
antenna mast is more than 3 meters (10 ft), you are advised to use
at least three guy wires for each 3 meter (10 ft) section of the mast.
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Wall (Side) Mount
2
A wall (side) mount allows for mounting an antenna (mast) on the
side of a building or other structure. This provides a convenient
mounting location when the roof overhang is not excessive and/or
the location is high enough to provide a clear line of sight.
•
When installing the RoamAbout 14-dBi Directional Antenna,
you can mount the antenna directly to the wall, if the mounting
location allows you to aim the antenna at the opposite end of
the antenna link.
•
When installing the RoamAbout 7-dBi Omni-Directional
Antenna, you must supply an antenna mast (and wall brackets
for that mast).
Antenna Mast Requirements
2
To accommodate the RoamAbout antennas, the antenna mast
must satisfy the following requirements:
1. The mast must be constructed of sturdy, weatherproof,
noncorrosive material such as galvanized or stainless steel
construction pipe.
2. Mast diameter should be between 35 mm (1.4 in.) and 42 mm
(1.6 in.).
3. Antenna mast length must be sufficient to allow an antenna
height at least 1.5 m (5 ft) above the roof peak. If the roof is
metal, the antenna height should be a minimum of 3 m (10 ft)
above the roof (see Chapter 3 - Determining Range &
Clearance).
4. The mast or wall-bracket must be free from any substance that
may prevent a good electrical connection with the antenna; for
example, paint.
2-14
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Installation Guidelines
Overview of the Outdoor Installation
Grounding System
2
A properly-installed safety grounding system is necessary to
protect your RoamAbout Outdoor installation from lightning
strikes and static electricity build-up.
WARNING
The grounding system must satisfy the following requirements:
1. The antenna mast, RoamAbout Access Point, and RoamAbout
Lightning Protector must be connected to the same ground,
using a low-resistance bonding conductor.
2. A good electrical connection must be made to one or more
ground rods, using at least a 10AWG ground wire and
noncorrosive hardware.
3. The grounding system must comply with electrical codes and
safety standards that apply in your locality.
4. Have a qualified electrician verify that your RoamAbout
Outdoor installation is properly grounded.
RoamAbout Antennas
2
The RoamAbout 14-dBi Directional Antenna is a Yagi antenna
designed to provide high gain for your outdoor solution while still
allowing for ease of use and installation.
The RoamAbout 7-dBi Omni-Directional Antenna is a vertical
antenna designed to provide a wide-range radio beam.
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Installation Guidelines
Overview of the Outdoor Installation
Antenna Polarization
2
Radio waves emitting from a Yagi antenna are linear, leaving the
antenna in the same plane as the antenna elements.
•
•
When the elements are positioned up and down, the radio
waves are vertically polarized.
When the antenna elements are positioned left and right, the
radio waves are horizontally polarized.
Vertical polarization is standard for the RoamAbout 14-dBi
Directional Antenna.
With RoamAbout outdoor antenna products, it does not matter
what type of polarization you choose, as long as the antenna at
one end of the communications link is mounted in the same plane
as the antenna at the other end.
In some cases you might decide to mount the antenna for
horizontal polarization. For example to minimize the influence of
cross-talk between antennas when:
•
•
Multiple antennas are mounted on the same antenna mast.
Your wireless link transmissions cross another radio beam
from a neighboring installation.
2-16
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Installation Guidelines
Overview of the Outdoor Installation
Antenna Alignment
2
For optimal performance, make sure the antennas are properly
aligned:
1. Use a pair of binoculars, a compass, and/or a map of the area
to point the antennas at each other.
2. Analyze the quality of the radio link using the AP Manager
Point-to-Point Diagnostics feature described in the
RoamAbout Access Point User’s Guide.
The AP Manager Point-to-Point Diagnostics feature allows you to
display the strength of the RoamAbout radio signal relative to any
noise in the signal path (see Figure 2-4).
Figure 2-4 AP Manager Point-to-Point Diagnostics Screen
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Installation Guidelines
Overview of the Outdoor Installation
You can optimize antenna alignment by making small
modifications in the antenna orientation while observing the
resultant changes displayed on the AP Manager Point-to-Point
Diagnostics screen.
Aligning an omni-directional antenna is less critical due to its wide
radiation pattern.
If necessary, consult a professional Antenna Installation Service to
optimize the antenna alignment.
Antenna Cable Routing
2
The antenna cable must be routed and fixed in such a way to clear
the passage area for installation technicians.
All connectors that are located outdoors must have a weatherproof
seal. You are advised to seal connectors only after you have
completed final radio tests.
2-18
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Installation Guidelines
Overview of the Outdoor Installation
Before Climbing the Roof...
2
Before you start the installation, check the contents of your
RoamAbout Outdoor Kit. If there are signs of shipping damage,
contact the shipping carrier to file a claim.
Verify that you have all of the items required for the installation:
1. RoamAbout Access Point.
2. RoamAbout PC Card.
3. RoamAbout 50-cm Cable Assembly.
4. RoamAbout Lightning Protector.
5. Low-loss antenna cable. Depending on your order, this cable
length is either 6 m (20 ft), 15 m (50 ft) or a 22 m (75 ft).
6. RoamAbout Outdoor Antenna. Depending on the antenna
components you ordered, this is either:
•
The RoamAbout 14-dBi Directional Antenna (an
encapsulated yagi antenna).
or
•
The RoamAbout 7-dBi Omni-Directional Antenna.
7. RoamAbout Wall Mount Kit (instructions included with kit).
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Determining Range &
Clearance
3
The Fresnel Zone
3
As identified in Chapter 2 - Installation Guidelines, you need a
clear line-of-sight to set up an outdoor antenna installation that
meets your requirements in terms of range and throughput
performance.
A wireless outdoor antenna connection that lacks sufficient
NOTE
clearance will suffer from poor performance. When radio
performance is poor, the network response is poor as well,
due to many retransmission attempts of lost data frames.
In Chapter 2, we described the shape of the radio beam (Fresnel
Zone) as being bulged in the middle. The exact shape and width of
the Fresnel Zone is determined by the path length and frequency
of the radio signal.
If any significant part of the Fresnel Zone is obstructed, a portion of
radio energy is lost, resulting in reduced performance. For optimal
performance, you must ensure that the antenna products you
choose, in combination with the height of the antenna installation
above ground, will provide sufficient clearance to allow your
antenna installation to cover the distance between the two wireless
sites.
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Determining Range & Clearance
The Fresnel Zone
As shown in Figure 3-1, there are two major variables that
determine the shape of the Fresnel Zone:
•
•
The distance between the antennas (1)
The minimum clearance required for optimal performance (2).
Figure 3-1 Fresnel Zone
R
R
o
o
a
a
m
m
A
A
b
b
o
o
u
u
t
t
1
2
1
2
2844-01-03A
Refer to the following table to determine the minimum clearance
required for your installation as defined by the distance between
the antennas. For more information, refer to Appendix D -
Calculating Range & Clearance.
Distance Between Antennas (1)
Minimum Clearance Required (2)
kilometers
2.1
(miles)
(1.3)
(2.2)
(4.0)
(6.0)
meters
5.8
(feet)
(19.1)
(25.7)
(36.5)
(47.4)
3.5
7.8
6.5
11.1
14.4
9.6
3-2
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Determining Range & Clearance
Other Considerations
Other Considerations
3
In most literature concerning wireless outdoor products, two
parameters are usually listed to indicate transmitted signal
strength: output power of the radio, and gain of the antenna
system.
•
Output Power of radio equipment is often subject to maximum
limits as defined by local radio regulations. Consequently
Output Power is not by definition the way to enhance wireless
performance.
•
High gain antennas are larger in size than low gain antennas,
and are characterized by a narrow focus of the radio beam.
These two characteristics make it more difficult to aim the
antennas, and/or adjust antenna alignment to optimize the
performance of the wireless point-to-point link.
With these points in mind, the design of antennas and components
supplied with the RoamAbout Outdoor Kit are based upon the
following principles:
•
An output power and antenna gain that comply with the
maximum limits as defined by local governing bodies
concerning radio transmissions.
•
Enhanced radio sensitivity for optimal reception of RoamAbout
radio signals transmitted by remote antennas.
Refer to Appendix D - Calculating Range & Clearance for detailed
information to help you calculate the optimal range of your antenna
system.
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Installing the Antenna
4
Planning the Antenna Installation
4
Carefully plan your antenna installation. Do not install the
antenna in wet, windy, icy, or otherwise unsafe weather
conditions.
WARNING
The grounding system for the antenna mast, RoamAbout Access
Point, and RoamAbout Lightning Protector should be installed
before the cable from the antenna is connected to the lightning
arrestor. This will protect you and your equipment in case lightning
should strike the antenna during installation.
Familiarize yourself with the antenna and the antenna specific
mounting instructions prior to climbing any roof or ladder. Installing
and testing all equipment before beginning the actual rooftop
installation will help you to determine whether all required
equipment and items are available and are functioning properly.
When testing the outdoor antennas in an indoor
environment, we recommend that you keep the antennas
back to back to avoid excessively strong radio signals.
!
CAUTION
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
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Installing the Antenna
Planning the Antenna Installation
To verify the equipment prior to installation, you may need to
proceed with the guidelines described in the RoamAbout Access
Point User’s Guide before performing the procedures in this
chapter. The RoamAbout Access Point User’s Guide is shipped
with the RoamAbout Access Point, and can be downloaded from
the RoamAbout website at: http://www.cabletron.com/wireless
Safety Precautions
4
Please read this section carefully before starting the installation. All
requirements listed below should be satisfied prior to starting
installation of your RoamAbout outdoor antennas.
Do not climb rooftops in wet or windy conditions, during a
WARNING
thunderstorm, or when the area where the equipment will be
installed is covered with ice or snow.
ELECTRICAL HAZARD WARNINGS
1. Antennas and cables are electrical conductors. Do not
touch antennas, RoamAbout Lightning Protectors, or
antenna cables during a thunderstorm.
2. The location where you install each antenna must be at
a safe distance from power lines or telephone lines. The
safe distance should be at least twice the height of the
antenna mast plus the height of the antenna.
3. The Contact between antenna components and power
lines can result in serious personal injury, or possibly
death.
4. Do not install antennas or cables where there is any
possibility of contact with high-voltage arc-over from
power cables or service drops to buildings.
5. During installation or removal, the antenna, supporting
mast and/or tower must not be close to any power lines.
4-2
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Installing the Antenna
Planning the Antenna Installation
ELECTRICAL HAZARD WARNINGS (Continued)
6. The low-loss antenna cable that connects the antenna to
the lightning protector must be at least 1m (3 ft) away
from any high voltage or high current cable.
7. Check whether the antenna mast and its guy wires or
wall bracket are positioned correctly and secured
properly to the roof or wall(s).
8. Check whether the grounding system for the antenna
mast, the RoamAbout Access Point, and RoamAbout
Lightning Protector have been installed. The grounding
system must comply with the requirements as described
in Chapter 2, Grounding System on page 2-15.
9. Always consult a qualified electrician if you are in doubt
as to whether the antenna mast, Lightning Protector,
and/or RoamAbout Access Point is properly grounded.
10. The low-loss antenna cable between the antenna and
the lightning arrestor must be grounded at all times. If
the cable is disconnected at one end for some reason
(for example, to replace the lightning arrestor), you must
locally ground the exposed metal connector of the cable
during the work.
11. Install the Danger label shipped with the antenna on a
plainly visible area of the antenna support structure.
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Installing the Antenna
Planning the Antenna Installation
Installation Overview
4
Refer to Appendix C to identify antenna installation
components.
NOTE
The installation process is summarized in the following steps:
1. Make sure the AP’s are configured as specified in the Pre-
Installation Checklist on page 2-2.
2. Verify that the antenna support structure is connected to the
grounding system.
3. Connect the exposed metal connectors of the low-loss
antenna cable to the grounding system.
4. Mount the antenna to the support structure, following the
guidelines as described for your antenna:
•
•
Mounting the Directional Antenna on page 4-5.
Mounting the Omni-directional Antenna on page 4-8.
5. Connect the antenna cable to the antenna.
6. Route the antenna cable to the RoamAbout Lightning
Protector which has been installed indoors.
7. Connect the antenna cable to the Lightning Protector.
8. Connect the Cable Assembly to the Lightning Protector.
9. Connect the opposite end of the Cable Assembly to the
connector in the extended part of the RoamAbout PC Card.
When you remove or relocate the antenna, follow the Safety
WARNING
Precautions described on page 4-2, and perform the steps
above in reverse order.
10. Run the AP Manager Point-to-Point Diagnostics program to
aim the antenna and verify optimal placement.
4-4
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Installing the Antenna
Mounting the Antenna
11. After verifying that the communications link is fully operational,
secure all cables and use weatherproofing tape to seal all
outdoor connectors.
Mounting the Antenna
4
The RoamAbout antennas are available as a RoamAbout 14-dBi
Directional and a RoamAbout 7-dBi Omni-Directional. This section
includes mounting instructions for each of these antenna types.
When mounting multiple antennas on a single mast, use the
following methods to minimize cross-talk between antennas:
•
•
Place the antennas as far apart as possible.
Alternate the mounting of directional antennas for vertical and
horizontal polarization (figures on the following pages illustrate
mounting for vertical polarization).
Mounting the Directional Antenna
4
You can mount the RoamAbout 14-dBi Directional Antenna on a
mast or on a flat vertical surface such as a wall. In most cases,
mounting the antenna on a mast allows more flexibility in adjusting
the height and direction of the antenna in order to better aim it at
the opposite end of the wireless link.
Mounting on a Mast
4
To mount the RoamAbout 14-dBi Directional Antenna on a mast,
proceed as follows:
1. Verify that you have all the items listed below:
•
•
•
The RoamAbout 14-dBi Directional Antenna
A metal backing plate (included with antenna)
Two U-bolts and two clamps (included with antenna)
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Installing the Antenna
Mounting the Antenna
•
•
Four flatwashers and four nuts (included with antenna)
A socket wrench to tighten the nuts
2. Note the arrows on the plastic antenna mounting base.
3. Install the antenna with the arrows pointing up.
4. Attach the antenna mounting base and metal backing plate to
the mast using U-bolts, clamps, flat washers and nuts as
shown in Figure 4-1.
Always place flatwashers between nuts and the plastic
antenna mounting base. Avoid overtightening the nuts to
prevent damage to the plastic antenna mounting base.
!
CAUTION
5. Proceed to Connecting the Antenna Cable on page 4-10.
Figure 4-1 Mounting the 14-dBi Antenna to a Mast
Side View
Direction of Maximum Signal
Clamp
Backing Plate
Antenna Mounting Base
Flatwasher
Always place flatwashers between
nuts and the Antenna Mounting Base.
Top View
4-6
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Installing the Antenna
Mounting the Antenna
Mounting on a Flat Surface
4
When mounting the antenna on a flat vertical surface, you must
provide a smooth surface for the backing plate. On wall surfaces
such as brick, block or stucco, install an intermediate plate
between the wall and the backing plate. The intermediate plate
must be strong enough to prevent distortion of the backing plate
and the plastic antenna mounting base when the mounting
hardware is tightened.
To mount the antenna proceed as follows:
1. Verify that you have all the items required for your particular
installation:
•
•
•
•
The RoamAbout 14-dBi Directional Antenna
A backing plate (included with antenna)
An intermediate plate (not included)
All mounting hardware required for your particular
installation
•
All tools required for your particular installation
2. Note the arrows on the antenna mounting base.
3. Mount the antenna with the arrows pointing up.
4. Attach the antenna mounting base, metal backing plate and
intermediate plate to the wall using hardware required for your
particular installation (see Figure 4-2).
5. Proceed to Connecting the Antenna Cable on page 4-10.
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Installing the Antenna
Mounting the Antenna
Figure 4-2 Mounting the 14-dBi Antenna to a Wall
Direction of Maximum Signal
Backing Plate
Antenna Mounting Base
Flatwasher
Always place Flatwashers between nuts or
bolts and Antenna Mounting Base!
Intermediate Plate (not included). Required when
mounting antenna on a rough surface.
Always use flatwashers between the mounting screws/nuts
and the plastic antenna mounting base. Avoid overtightening
the mounting screws/nuts to prevent damage to the antenna
mounting base.
!
CAUTION
Mounting the Omni-directional Antenna
4
It is recommended that you mount the RoamAbout 7-dBi Omni-
Directional antenna to a mast. Proceed as follows:
1. Verify that you have the following items:
•
•
•
•
•
The RoamAbout 7-dBi Omni-Directional Antenna
A metal mounting bracket (included)
Two hose-clamps (included)
Nut and lockwasher (included)
A standard screwdriver or small wrench to tighten the nut
on each hose-clamp
4-8
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Installing the Antenna
Mounting the Antenna
Figure 4-3 Mounting the Omni-Directional Antenna to a Mast
A
H
B
C
D
G
E
F
2. Referring to Figure 4-3, make sure the gasket (B) is installed
on the antenna mounting base (A).
3. Insert the threaded portion of the antenna mounting base
through the hole in the top of the metal mounting bracket (F).
4. Secure the antenna to the metal mounting bracket using
lockwasher (C) and nut (D).
5. Slide two hose-clamps (G) over the mast (H).
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Installing the Antenna
Connecting the Antenna Cable
6. Secure the metal mounting bracket (with antenna) to the mast
using two hose-clamps.
Avoid overtightening each hose-clamp nut to avoid damage
to the hose-clamp and/or antenna.
!
CAUTION
7. Connect the outdoor portion of the antenna cable (E) to the
threaded portion of the antenna mounting base.
8. Proceed to Connecting the Antenna Cable.
Connecting the Antenna Cable
4
Once the antenna is properly installed, you can connect the
antenna to the RoamAbout Access Point via the RoamAbout
Lightning Protector.
1. Verify that the low-loss antenna cable is properly connected to
the antenna.
2. Secure the antenna cable to the mast such that the cable
connectors do not support the full weight of the cable.
3. Provide a drip-loop at the bottom of the cable just before it
enters the building.
4. Connect the opposite end of the antenna cable to the
RoamAbout Lightning Protector.
To avoid damage to the antenna cable and connectors, do
not use tools to tighten cable connectors.
!
CAUTION
4-10
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Installing the Antenna
Connecting the Antenna Cable
5. Prior to securing the cable along its complete length, run the
Point-to-Point diagnostics of the RoamAbout Access Point
Manager program to analyze wireless performance and
optimal placement of the outdoor antenna (see Figure 2-4 on
page 2-17).
The RoamAbout Access Point Manager program is
described in the RoamAbout Access Point User’s Guide,
NOTE
which is shipped with the RoamAbout Access Point.
6. If required, adjust the direction of the antenna.
7. Once the installation has been fully tested, tighten antenna
mounting nuts to lock the antenna into its position.
To prevent damage, avoid overtightening the connectors,
nuts, and screws used to mount the antenna.
!
CAUTION
8. Secure the cable along its complete length. No part of the
cable should be allowed to hang free. This is especially
important for those parts that are routed outside the building.
9. Use waterproof stretch tape to seal all outdoor connectors.
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Installing the Antenna
Connecting the Antenna Cable
Sealing the Cable Connectors
4
Most problems associated with wireless outdoor installations are
related to degrading performance due to the effects of corrosion of
the antenna cable and cable connectors. To avoid this type of
problem, always seal the cable connectors that are located
outdoors using waterproof stretch tape.
You are advised to seal the connectors after you have verified
optimal antenna alignment. Doing so will enable you to adjust
antenna placement and cable routing without removing the tape.
1. Prepare the cable and connectors so that they are free from
dust, dirt and grease.
2. Attach the tip of the weather proofing tape to the cable just
above the connector.
3. Hold the tape in position, and stretch the tape and wind it half-
lapped around the cable and connectors to form a void-free
joint.
The degree of stretch can vary in different sections of the joint,
as long as the overlaps accomplish a void-free application.
To protect the weatherproofing stretch tape from the effects
of Ultra-Violet (UV) radiation (for example from direct
!
CAUTION
sunlight), you should protect the joint with two half-lapped
layers of any vinyl-plastic electrical tape. Alternatively, you
can apply silicone sealer to protect the weatherproofing tape
from sunlight, rain and other weather conditions.
4-12
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The RoamAbout 14-dBi
Directional Antenna
A
General Description
1
The RoamAbout 14-dBi Directional Antenna is a high-gain antenna
for the 2.4 GHz frequency band.
The antenna is a totally enclosed 16-element Yagi designed for
point-to-point communications.
It has a typical VSWR of 1.5:1 and is less than 2:1 over the entire
frequency band. The gain is 14-dBi and the half-power beamwidth
is 30 degrees. This antenna is normally mounted on a mast and is
vertically polarized.
Contents of the Antenna Box
1
•
•
•
•
One antenna
Metal Backing Plate for the antenna
Two U-bolt clamps (for mast mounting)
Four flatwashers, and four nuts
(to attach the antenna to the U-bolt clamps).
•
Manual
For mounting instructions please consult Chapter 4 - Installing the
Antenna.
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
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The RoamAbout 14-dBi Directional Antenna
General Description
Table A-1 Specifications 14-dBi Directional Antenna
Mechanical
• Size
45.7 cm (18 in)
• Mounting Method
• Vertical mast with an outside diameter
between 35 mm (1.4 in) and 42 mm
(1.6 in) using u-bolts.
• Wall using plugs and screws.
Cable
• Type
• Length
• Color
RG-58A/U, 50 ohm low-loss coax
20 cm (7.5 in)
White
1
Connector
• FCC Countries
• ETSI Countries
• France
Reverse Polarity-N (Male)
Standard-N (Female)
Standard-N (Female)
Standard-N (Female)
• Japan
Electrical
• Frequency Range
• VSWR
2.4 GHz
Less than 2:1, 1.5:1 Nominal
50 Ohms
• Nominal Impedance
• Gain
14 dBi
• Front-to-Back Ratio
greater than 20 dB
• Half-Power Beamwidth (-3 dB)
• Vertical (E-plane °)
• Horizontal (H-plane °)
• Polarization
30.8 Degrees
31.4 Degrees
Linear, Vertical or Horizontal (see page 4-5).
Antenna Environment
• Operating Temperature +60°C (140°F) - 40°C (-40°F)
2
• Wind/survival (mph)
• Wind Surface Area
At least 128 km/h (80 mph)
7.56 square cm (0.248 square ft)
1
2
See Selecting the Correct Connector Type on page C-1.
At least 104 km/h (65 mph) with 1.25 cm (0.5 in) ice.
A-2
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The RoamAbout 7-dBi Omni-
Directional Antenna
B
General Description
2
The RoamAbout 7-dBi Omni-Directional Antenna is a broadband
antenna for the 2.4 GHz frequency band featuring an omni-
directional pattern with a nominal gain of 7 dBi.
This antenna is encapsulated in a weatherproof protective
covering. With the hardware provided, this vertically-polarized
antenna can be mounted on an antenna mast with an outside
diameter of up to 51mm (2 in).
For mounting instructions, refer to Chapter 4 - Installing the
Antenna.
For detailed specifications see Table B-1 on page B-2.
Contents of the Antenna Box
2
•
•
•
•
One encapsulated antenna
Metal mounting bracket
Two hose clamps
Nut and lockwasher
For mounting instructions please consult Chapter 4 - Installing the
Antenna.
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
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The RoamAbout 7-dBi Omni-Directional
Antenna
General Description
Table B-1
Specifications of the 7-dBi Omni-Directional Antenna
Mechanical
• Size
45,7 cm (18 in.)
• Mounting method
Clamps to vertical mast with outside
diameter up to 51mm (2 in.)
Cable
• Type
• Length
• Color
RG-58A/U, 50 ohm low-loss coax
15 cm (6 in.)
White
1
Connector
• FCC Countries
• ETSI Countries
• France
Reverse Polarity-N (male)
Standard-N (female)
Standard-N (female)
Standard-N (female)
• Japan
Electrical
• Frequency Range
• VSWR
2.4 GHz
Less than 2:1 Nominal
50 Ohms
• Nominal Impedance
• Gain
7 dBi
• Polarization
Linear Vertical
Antenna Environment
• Operating Temperature
• Wind/survival (mph)
• Wind Surface Area
+60°C (140°F) - 40°C (-40°F)
2
At least 128 km/h (80 mph)
7.56 square cm (0.248 square feet)
1
2
See Selecting the Correct Connector Type on page C-1.
At least 104 km/h (65 mph) with 1.25 cm (0.5 in.) ice.
B-2
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The Antenna Cabling System
C
The Outdoor Cabling Components
3
To connect your RoamAbout Access Point to an
outdoor antenna installation you will need the
following cabling components as pictured on the
right side of this page:
A. RoamAbout Cable Assembly
B. RoamAbout Lightning Protector
C. Low-Loss Antenna Cable
D. Outdoor Antenna Cable:
•
The RoamAbout 14-dBi Directional
Antenna (described in Appendix A), or
•
The RoamAbout 7-dBi Omni-Directional
Antenna (described in Appendix B)
Selecting the Correct Connector Type
3
Subject to the country where the RoamAbout
Outdoor Kit and/or antennas are purchased, the
components listed above are equipped with either
Standard N-Type connectors or Reverse Polarity
N-Type connectors.
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
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The Antenna Cabling System
The Outdoor Cabling Components
When ordering separate components, ensure that you order
products with the correct N-Type connector to match the other
outdoor cabling components that apply to your country
The term Male or Female is not related to the thread of the
connector, but to its center pin.
NOTE
•
•
Male connectors have a solid center pin.
Female connectors have a hollow center pin.
Table C-1 Selecting the Correct N-Type Connector
1
2
Antenna
Cable
(D)
Pigtail
Connection
(A)
Lightning
Protector
(B)
Low-Loss
Cable
(C)
ETSI Countries, France & Japan
FCC Countries
Standard-N Male
Reverse Polarity-N Female
Reverse Polarity-N Male
Standard-N Female
1 - PC Card connector
2 - Standard-N male
1 - PC Card connector
A
2 - Reverse Polarity-N Female
Standard-N Female
(both ends)
Reverse Polarity-N Male
(both ends)
B
C
D
Standard-N Male
(both ends)
Reverse Polarity-N Female
(both ends)
Standard-N Female
Reverse Polarity-N Male
C-2
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The Antenna Cabling System
The Outdoor Cabling Components
ELECTRICAL HAZARD WARNINGS
1. Outdoor antennas and antenna cables are electrical
conductors. Transients or electrostatic discharges that
may occur at the antenna (e.g., lightning) may damage
your electronic equipment and cause personal injury or
death to persons touching the exposed metal connectors
of the antenna cable.
2. To avoid damage and personal injury, the entire antenna
cabling system must be grounded at all times.
3. When installing, disconnecting or replacing one of the
cabling components, you must ensure at all times that
each exposed metal connector of the antenna cabling
system is grounded locally during the work. For example
when mounting or replacing the RoamAbout Lightning
Protector:
•
•
•
Connect each of the low-loss antenna cable
connectors to the grounding system.
Connect the RoamAbout 50-cm Cable Assembly
connector to the grounding system.
Connect the RoamAbout Lightning Protector to the
grounding system.
4. Before you proceed, verify that each component is
properly grounded and that the ground is not interrupted
when disconnecting any one of the antenna system
components.
5. Check with a qualified electrician if you are in doubt as to
whether the lightning protector and cable connectors are
properly grounded.
6. Only after verifying that each item is properly grounded,
replace the lightning protector and reconnect the cables in
reverse order.
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
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The Antenna Cabling System
RoamAbout Cable Assembly
RoamAbout Cable Assembly
3
The RoamAbout Cable Assembly is a proprietary cable used to
connect the RoamAbout PC Card to a RoamAbout outdoor
antenna system. This cable is included in the RoamAbout Outdoor
Kit.
One end of the cable has a proprietary connector which is
connected to the RoamAbout PC Card.
The N-Type connector at the opposite end of the cable matches
the polarity of the N-connectors of the other components that are
part of your outdoor antenna cabling system, subject to the country
where the RoamAbout Outdoor Kit and/or Cable Assembly was
purchased.
Table C-2 Cable Assembly Specifications
Mechanical
Length
50 cm (19.5 in)
1
Connectors
• FCC Countries Reverse Polarity-N (Female)
• ETSI Countries Standard-N (Male)
• France
• Japan
Operating Temperature
Electrical
Standard-N (Male)
Standard-N (Male)
-40°C to +85°C (-40°F to +185°F)
Frequency Range
Insertion Loss
800-2500 MHz
0.9 dB
1
See Selecting the Correct Connector Type on page C-1.
C-4
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The Antenna Cabling System
RoamAbout Lightning Protector
RoamAbout Lightning Protector
3
The RoamAbout Lightning Protector is a surge arrestor that
protects your sensitive RoamAbout equipment from high-voltage
currents caused by discharge and transients at the antennas.
Table C-3 lists the specifications for the RoamAbout Lightning
Protector.
Table C-3 Lightning Protector Specifications
Mechanical
Size
Height
69 mm (2.7 in)
26 mm (1 in)
133 g (4.7 oz.)
Diameter
Weight
Connectors
1
• FCC Countries Reverse Polarity-N (Male on both ends)
• ETSI Countries Standard-N (Female on both ends)
• France
• Japan
Operating Temperature
Electrical
Standard-N (Female on both ends)
Standard-N (Female on both ends)
-40°C to +85°C (-40°F to +185°F)
Frequency Range
Insertion Loss
800-2500 MHz
0.2 dB
Surge Current
Nominal Impedance
2000 Amp
50 Ohms
1
See Selecting the Correct Connector Type on page C-1.
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The Antenna Cabling System
RoamAbout Lightning Protector
Installation
3
To install the RoamAbout Lightning Protector:
1. Determine a suitable location for the Lightning Protector as
described in Chapter 2 - Installation Guidelines.
2. As shown in Figure C-1, secure bracket (A) to the wall using
two screws (F).
Figure C-1 Lightning Protector Installation
E
A
B
F
C
G
D
3. Use a ring-terminal to connect ground-wire (C) to bolt (B). The
ring-terminal and ground wire are provided by the installer.
4. Secure bolt (B) to the bracket using washers and locknut (D).
5. Loosely install washers and hexnut (G) onto the RoamAbout
Lightning Protector (E).
C-6
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The Antenna Cabling System
RoamAbout Lightning Protector
6. Insert the Lightning Protector into the opening in bracket (A).
7. Tighten hexnut (G) to secure the RoamAbout Lightning
Protector in its position, and ensure that the Protector is
properly connected to the grounding system.
To avoid damage to electronic equipment and your
RoamAbout equipment, always install the RoamAbout
Lightning Protector between the outdoor antenna installation
!
CAUTION
and the RoamAbout Access Point or other computing device
connected to the outdoor antenna.
Routine Maintenance
3
Routine maintenance is required for each RoamAbout Lightning
Protector in your outdoor antenna installation. Maintenance
involves replacing the Gas Discharge Tube (GDT) at some interval
depending on the lightning/transient discharge activity in your
area.
Contact a local antenna installation company to determine
the maintenance schedule for each RoamAbout Lightning
Protector in your outdoor antenna installation.
NOTE
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
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The Antenna Cabling System
Low-Loss Antenna Cable
Low-Loss Antenna Cable
3
A 15m (50 ft) Low-loss antenna cable is included in the
RoamAbout Outdoor Kit (seeTable C-5). Cable is also available in
two other standard lengths:
•
•
6m (20 ft) - see Table C-4
22m (75 ft) - see Table C-6
To ensure you order the right cable length, carefully determine the
distance between the locations where you intend mounting the
RoamAbout Access Point and outdoor antenna.
Table C-4
Cable Specifications for the 6m (20 ft) Antenna
Mechanical Specifications
Length
6 meter (20 ft)
Diameter
Weight
5 mm (0.195 in)
32,75 gram/meter (0.022 lbs/ft)
Bend Radius
1
Connectors
• FCC Countries Reverse Polarity-N (Female on both ends)
• ETSI Countries Standard-N (Male on both ends)
• France
• Japan
Standard-N (Male on both ends)
Standard-N (Male on both ends)
-40°C to +85°C (-40°F to +185°F)
Operating Temperature
Electrical Specifications
Insertion Loss
0.55 dB/meter (16.9 dB/100 feet)
3.5 dB
Total for this cable
1
See Selecting the Correct Connector Type on page C-1.
C-8
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The Antenna Cabling System
Low-Loss Antenna Cable
Table C-5 Cable Specifications for the 15m (50 ft) Antenna
Mechanical Specifications
Length
15 meter (50 ft)
Diameter
Weight
10 mm (0.4 in)
101.2 gram/meter (0.068 lbs/ft)
25 mm (1 in)
Bend Radius
1
Connectors
• FCC Countries Reverse Polarity-N (Female on both ends)
• ETSI Countries Standard-N (Male on both ends)
• France
• Japan
Standard-N (Male on both ends)
Standard-N (Male on both ends)
-40°C to +85°C (-40°F to +185°F)
Operating Temperature
Electrical Specifications
Insertion Loss
0.22 dB/meter (6.8 dB/100 feet)
3.5 dB
Total for this cable
Table C-6 Cable Specifications for the 22m (75 ft) Antenna
Mechanical Specifications
Length
22 meter (75 ft)
Diameter
Weight
10 mm (0.4 in)
101.2 gram/meter (0.068 lbs/ft)
25 mm (1 in)
Bend Radius
1
Connectors
• FCC Countries Reverse Polarity-N (Female on both ends)
• ETSI Countries Standard-N (Male on both ends)
• France
• Japan
Standard-N (Male on both ends)
Standard-N (Male on both ends)
-40°C to +85°C (-40°F to +185°F)
Operating Temperature
Electrical Specifications
Insertion Loss
0.22 dB/meter (6.8 dB/100 feet)
5.1 dB
Total for this cable
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
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Calculating Range &
Clearance
D
Introduction
4
This appendix presents reference information to help you:
•
Calculate the typical and/or maximum communications range
you can achieve using components available in the
RoamAbout Outdoor Kit.
•
•
Select optimal antenna height for your installation.
Determine which antennas and/or cables you need to cover a
predefined distance.
This information along with other considerations described in this
appendix allow you to accurately determine the Dynamic Range
Budget for your specific installation.
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
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Calculating Range & Clearance
The Dynamic Range Budget
The Dynamic Range Budget
4
The Dynamic Range Budget is the sum of the following factors as
determined at both ends of the wireless outdoor link:
•
Type of RoamAbout Outdoor Antenna:
— RoamAbout 7-dBi Omni-Directional Antenna, or
— RoamAbout 14-dBi Directional Antenna
•
•
Length of the Antenna Cable required to connect the
RoamAbout Access Point to the outdoor antenna.
Type of RoamAbout PC Card used1:
— The RoamAbout PC Card with the black-background label,
or
— The RoamAbout PC Card with the white-background label.
To determine the Dynamic Range Budget that applies in your
situation, use either Table D-1 on page D-3, or Table D-2 on page
D-4 (subject to radio regulations that apply in your country):
•
Use Table D-1, for the USA, Canada, and any other country
that adheres to the radio regulations as defined by the United
States Federal Communications Commission (FCC).
•
Use Table D-2, for all European countries, Japan, and any
other countries that adhere to the radio regulations as defined
by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute
(ETSI).
To determine the Dynamic Range Budget, use the horizontal axis
of the table to select the equipment installed in building X, and the
vertical axis to select the equipment in building Y.
1
The choice of this card is subject to local radio regulations (see Selecting
the Right RoamAbout PC Card on page 2-3).
D-2
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Table D-1 Dynamic Range (FCC)
Link Speed Antenna Type
Omni-Directional 7-dBi
Directional 14-dBi
Cable Length 6m (20 ft) /
22m (75 ft)
6m (20 ft) / 22m (75 ft)
15m (50 ft)
15m (50 ft)
6m (20 ft) /
15m (50 ft)
110.2 dB
108.5 dB
117.2 dB
115.5 dB
Omni-Directional 7-dBi
2 MBit/s
22m (75 ft)
108.5 dB
117.2 dB
106.8 dB
115.5 dB
115.5 dB
124.2 dB
113.8 dB
122.5 dB
6m (20 ft) /
15m (50 ft)
Directional 14-dBi
22m (75 ft)
115.5 dB
113.8 dB
122.5 dB
120.8 dB
Link Speed Antenna Type
Omni-Directional 7-dBi
Directional 14-dBi
Cable Length 6m (20 ft) /
22m (75 ft)
6m (20 ft) / 22m (75 ft)
15m (50 ft)
15m (50 ft)
6m (20 ft) /
15m (50 ft)
113.2 dB
111.5 dB
120.2 dB
118.5 dB
Omni-Directional 7-dBi
1 Mbit/s
22m (75 ft)
111.5 dB
120.2 dB
109.8 dB
118.5 dB
118.5 dB
127.2 dB
116.8 dB
125.5 dB
6m (20 ft) /
15m (50 ft)
Directional 14-dBi
22m (75 ft)
118.5 dB
116.8 dB
125.5 dB
123.8 dB
The diameter of the 15m (50 ft) and 22m (75 ft) cables is larger than the diameter of the 6m (20 ft) cable.
Therefore the cable loss of 50 ft cables is the same as for 20 ft cables, resulting in the same Dynamic Range
Budget value.
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Table D-2 Dynamic Range (ETSI. France & Japan)
Link Speed Antenna Type
Omni-Directional 7-dBi
Directional 14-dBi
Cable Length 6m(20 ft) /
22 m (75 ft) 6m (20 ft) / 22m (75 ft)
15m (50 ft)
15m (50 ft)
Omni-Directional 7-dBi 6m (20 ft) /
110.2 dB
108.5 dB
110.2 dB 108.5 dB
15m (50 ft)
2 Mbit/s
22m (75 ft)
108.5 dB
110.2 dB
106.8 dB
108.5 dB
108.5 dB 106.8 dB
117.2 dB 115.5 dB
Directional 14-dBi
6m (20 ft) /
15m (50 ft)
22m (75 ft)
108.5 dB
106.8 dB
115.5 dB 113.8 dB
Link speed Antenna Type
Omni-Directional 7-dBi
Directional 14-dBi
Cable Length 6m (20 ft) /
22m (75 ft)
6m (20 ft) / 22m (75 ft)
15m (50 ft)
15m (50 ft)
6m (20 ft) /
15m (50 ft)
113.2 dB
111.5 dB
113.2 dB
111.5 dB
Omni-Directional 7-dBi
1 Mbit/s
22m (75 ft)
111.5 dB
113.2 dB
109.8 dB
111.5 dB
111.5 dB
120.2 dB
109.8 dB
118.5 dB
6m (20 ft) /
15m (50 ft)
Directional 14-dBi
22m (75 ft)
111.5 dB
109.8 dB
118.5 dB
116.8 dB
The diameter of the 15m (50 ft) and 22m (75 ft) cables is larger than the diameter of the 6m (20 ft) cable.
Therefore the cable loss of 50 ft cables is the same as for 20 ft cables, resulting in the same Dynamic Range
Budget value.
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Calculating Range & Clearance
The Dynamic Range Budget
Link speed versus Range
4
For the values referenced in Table D-2 on page D-4,
each 7-dBi antenna is connected to the RoamAbout PC
Card with a black-background label.
NOTE
For the values referenced in Table D-2, each 14-dBi
antenna is connected to the RoamAbout PC Card with a
white-background label.
•
The values printed in italics use a black-background
RoamAbout PC Card at each end of the wireless
link.
•
All other values use a white-background RoamAbout
PC Card at one or both ends of the antenna link.
The listed Dynamic Range Budget values include the
loss of the mandatory RoamAbout Lightning Protector.
Communications at lower data speeds may travel longer
distances. In situations where range is more critical to your
network than data speed, you may wish to limit the data speed to
1Mbit/s to increase the range of your wireless point-to-point link.
We have included the Dynamic Range Budgets for both 2 Mbit/s
and 1 Mbit/s links with each table to help you determine which data
speed is appropriate for your situation.
Determine Line-of-Sight Clearance
4
Use Table D-3 on page D-6 to determine the minimum clearance of
the signal path clearance required to achieve the maximum
possible range with the type of antennas and cable lengths you
selected.
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Calculating Range & Clearance
The Dynamic Range Budget
To read Table D-3 correctly:
•
•
Use the Dynamic Range Budget value that you read from
either Table D-1 or Table D-2.
Locate this value in Table D-3:
— Values marked with an asterisk (*) in Table D-3 correspond
to Dynamic Range Budgets for 1-Mbit/s link-speed
connections.
— All other values correspond to Dynamic Range Budgets for
2-Mbit/s link-speed connections.
— Values in Bold apply only to FCC regulated countries.
Table D-3 Minimum Clearance for Maximum Range
Dynamic Range
Minimum Clearance
meters (feet)
Maximum Range
kilometers (miles)
2.1 (1.3)
106.8 dB
108.5 dB
109.8 dB*
110.2 dB
111.5 dB*
113.2 dB*
113.8 dB
115.5 dB
116.8 dB*
117.2 dB
118.5 dB*
120.2 dB*
120.8 dB
122.5 dB
123.8 dB*
124.2 dB
125.5 dB*
127.2 dB*
5.8 (19.1)
6.5 (21.4)
7.0 (23.0)
7.2 (23.7)
7.8 (25.7)
8.7 (28.6)
9.0 (29.6)
10.1 (33.2)
11.1 (36.5)
11.5 (37.8)
12.6 (41.5)
14.4 (47.4)
15.1 (49.7)
17.5 (57.6)
19.8 (65.1)
20.6 (67.8)
23.5 (77.3)
28.5 (93.8)
2.5 (1.6)
2.9 (1.8)
3.0 (1.9)
3.5 (2.2)
4.3 (2.7)
4.6 (2.9)
5.6 (3.5)
6.5 (4.0)
6.8 (4.2)
7.9 (4.9)
9.6 (6.0)
10.3 (6.4)
12.6 (7.8)
14.6 (9.1)
15.3 (9.5)
17.7 (11.0)
21.6 (13.4)
D-6
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Calculating Range & Clearance
The Dynamic Range Budget
The minimum clearance in Table D-3 on page D-6 should be
interpreted as follows:
NOTE
•
In open areas without obstacles in the signal path,
clearance is measured as height above the surface
of the earth. For example, if the antenna is mounted
on the roof, this height includes the height of the
building plus the height of the mast above the
rooftop.
•
•
In areas with obstacles in the signal path between
the two antenna(s), the clearance should be
measured as height above the highest obstacle(s) in
the signal path.
In dense urban areas, the clearance should be
measured as height above the highest rooftop or
any other obstacle(s) in the signal path between the
two antennas.
The values listed in Table D-3 are based upon calculations that
assume optimal radio conditions. There is no guarantee that the
same maximum distance can be achieved at your location.
Different performance figures may result from:
•
Sources of interference or unexpected reflections in the signal
path that affect the communications quality of the radio signal
(see Antenna Placement on page 2-11).
•
Incorrect antenna alignment (see page 2-17).
When selecting equipment for an outdoor antenna link, make sure
you consider an extra safety margin for the maximum range of 100
m (300 ft) or more.
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Calculating Range & Clearance
The Dynamic Range Budget
Determine Typical Range
4
After looking at the minimum clearance requirements in Table D-3
on page D-6, you may realize that local regulations, local building
codes, or other restrictions could prohibit the installation of an
antenna which meets the desired criteria.
In these situations, it may not be possible to achieve full line-of-
sight clearance. However, this may not be required since the
distance that your wireless outdoor installation needs to cover is
less than the maximum range listed in Table D-3.
Table D-4 on page D-9 will help you determine how to meet the
requirements in these situations. This table identifies typical
ranges that can be achieved in conditions where the minimum
clearance requirements may only be partially met.
To read Table D-4 correctly:
•
•
Use the Dynamic Range Budget value that you read from
either Table D-1 or Table D-2.
Select the Line-of-Sight clearance available at your site. The
value you select should be based on the same principles listed
in the Note on page D-7.
•
Read the shaded columns in Table D-4 to determine minimum
clearance as required for the maximum range identified in
Table D-3.
— Values marked with an asterisk (*) in Table D-4 correspond
to Dynamic Range Budgets for 1-Mbit/s link-speed
connections.
— All other values correspond to Dynamic Range Budgets for
2-Mbit/s link-speed connections.
— Values in Bold apply only to FCC regulated countries.
D-8
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Table D-4 Actual Clearance and Typical Range
Dynamic
Range
Optimal
Clearance
Line-of-Sight Clearance that is Actually Available
5 m (16.5 ft) 10 m (33 ft) 15 m (50 ft) 20 m (66 ft)
km (mi) km (mi) km (mi) km (mi)
meters
(ft)
106.8 dB
108.5 dB
109.8 dB*
110.2 dB
111.5 dB*
113.2 dB*
113.8 dB
115.5 dB
116.8 dB*
117.2 dB
118.5 dB*
120.2 dB*
120.8 dB
122.5 dB
123.8 dB*
124.2 dB
125.5 dB*
127.2 dB*
5.8 (19.1)
6.5 (21.4)
7.0 (23.0)
7.2 (23.7)
7.8 (25.7)
8.7 (28.6)
9.0 (29.6)
10.1 (33.2)
11.1 (36.5)
11.5 (37.8)
12.6 (41.5)
14.4 (47.4)
15.1 (49.7)
17.5 (57.6)
19.8 (65.1)
20.6 (67.8)
23.5 (77.3)
28.5 (93.8)
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.5
2.7
3.1
3.2
3.6
3.9
4.1
4.4
5.1
5.2
5.7
6.4
6.7
7.1
7.8
(1.2)
(1.4)
(1.5)
(1.6)
(1.7)
(1.9)
(2.0)
(2.2)
(2.4)
(2.5)
(2.7)
(3.2)
(3.2)
(3.5)
(4.0)
(4.2)
(4.4)
(4.8)
2.1
2.5
2.9
3.0
3.6
4.3
4.6
5.6
6.2
6.5
7.3
10
(1.3)
(1.6)
(1.8)
(1.9)
(2.2)
(2.7)
(2.9)
(3.5)
(3.9)
(4.0)
(4.5)
(6.2)
(5.1)
(5.7)
(6.0)
(6.3)
(6.6)
(7.3)
2.1
2.5
2.9
3.0
3.6
4.3
4.6
5.6
6.5
6.8
8.0
9.7
(1.3)
(1.6)
(1.8)
(1.9)
(2.2)
(2.7)
(2.9)
(3.5)
(4.0)
(4.2)
(5.0)
(6.0)
(6.4)
(7.5)
(7.9)
(7.9)
(8.8)
(9.3)
2.1
2.5
2.9
3.0
3.6
4.3
4.6
5.6
6.5
6.8
8.0
9.7
(1.3)
(1.6)
(1.8)
(1.9)
(2.2)
(2.7)
(2.9)
(3.5)
(4.0)
(4.2)
(5.0)
(6.0)
(6.4)
(7.5)
(9.1)
(9.5)
8.2
9.1
9.6
10.3
12.0
12.7
12.7
14.1
14.9
10.3
12.0
14.6
15.3
10.1
10.7
11.8
16.9 (10.5)
17.9 (11.1)
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Calculating Range & Clearance
Which Antenna do You Need
Which Antenna do You Need
4
If you have not yet purchased a RoamAbout Outdoor Kit, you can
read the tables in this appendix in reverse order to determine the
type of antenna you will need.
1. Determine the distance between the two sites that you wish to
connect via a wireless link.
2. Determine the line-of-sight clearance that you can achieve for
the signal path between the two sites.
3. Look in Table D-4 on page D-9 and select a column that
matches the value you identified in step 2.
Preferably you should look in Table D-3 and in Table D-4 for
NOTE
a Dynamic Range value printed without an asterisk, which
represents the values for a connection that supports the full
2 Mbit/s link speed.
4. In the Line-of-Sight column in Table D-4, look for a distance
value equal to, or greater than the required distance to connect
the two sites.
•
If the line-of-sight clearance column you selected does not
include such a value, you may need to:
— Investigate whether another location for the antennas
might provide a better line-of-sight clearance
— Investigate the possibility of increasing antenna mast
height
•
If the Line-of-Sight clearance column does include such a
value, read the Dynamic Range Budget value from the first
column in the same row.
5. Once you have determined the minimum Dynamic Range
Budget, use Table D-1 or Table D-2 to select which
combination of products provide the Dynamic Range you
need.
D-10
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
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