Black Box Switch ACU2001A User Manual

SEPTEMBER 2003  
ACU2001A  
ACU2009A  
ACU2022A  
ACU2028A  
ACU2201A  
ACU2222A  
ACUR001A  
ACUR002A  
ACURA001A  
ACURA002A  
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SERVSWITCHBRAND CATX KVM EXTENDER FAMILY  
Copyrights and Trademarks  
©2003. All rights reserved. This information may not be reproduced in any manner without  
the prior written consent of the manufacturer.  
Information in this document is subject to change without notice and the manufacturer shall  
not be liable for any direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages in  
connection with the use of this material.  
All trademark and trade names mentioned in this document are acknowledged to be the  
property of their respective owners.  
Disclaimer  
While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this manual, the manufacturer  
assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions. Neither does the manufacturer assume any  
liability for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. The  
manufacturer reserves the right to change the specifications, functions, or circuitry of the  
product without notice.  
The manufacturer cannot accept liability for damage due to misuse of the product or due to  
any other circumstances outside the manufacturer’s control (whether environmental or  
installation related). The manufacturer shall not be responsible for any loss, damage, or injury  
arising directly, indirectly, or consequently from the use of this product.  
Cautions and Notes  
The following symbols are used in this guide:  
CAUTION. This indicates an important operating instruction  
that should be followed to avoid any potential damage to  
hardware or property, loss of data, or personal injury.  
NOTE. This indicates important information to help you make the best use of  
this product.  
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FCC/CDC STATEMENTS  
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION  
AND CANADIAN DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNICATIONS  
RADIO-FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE STATEMENTS  
This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio-frequency energy, and if not installed  
and used properly, that is, in strict accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, may  
cause interference to radio communication. It has been tested and found to comply with the  
limits for a Class A computing device in accordance with the specifications in Subpart B of  
Part 15 of FCC rules, which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such  
interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. Operation of this  
equipment in a residential area is likely to cause interference, in which case the user at his  
own expense will be required to take whatever measures may be necessary to correct the  
interference.  
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance  
could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.  
Shielded PC-equipment cables must be used with this equipment to maintain compliance with  
radio frequency energy emission regulations and ensure a suitably high level of immunity to  
electromagnetic disturbances.  
This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class A limits for radio noise emission from digital  
apparatus set out in the Radio Interference Regulation of the Canadian Department of  
Communications.  
Le présent appareil numérique n’émet pas de bruits radioélectriques dépassant les limites  
applicables aux appareils numériques de la classe A prescrites dans le Règlement sur le  
brouillage radioélectrique publié par le Ministère des Communications du Canada.  
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SERVSWITCHBRAND CATX KVM EXTENDER FAMILY  
EUROPEAN UNION DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY  
WARNING!  
This is a class A product. In a domestic environment, this product may cause radio  
interference, in which case the user might be required to take adequate remedial  
measures.  
This product complies with the following harmonized standards:  
EN55022 (1998), EN55024 (1998), EN61000-4-2 (1995),  
EN61000-4-3 (1995), EN61000-4-4 (1995),  
EN61000-4-5 (1995), EN61000-4-6 (1996),  
EN61000-4-11 (1994), EN60950 (2000)  
When used in environments that have high levels of electromagnetic interference, you may  
experience some slight disturbance in its operation. If this occurs, please refer to the  
Troubleshooting section of the User Guide for further information, or contact Technical  
Support.  
To maintain compliance use only cables supplied (or recommended) for use with this product.  
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NOM STATEMENT  
NORMAS OFICIALES MEXICANAS (NOM)  
ELECTRICAL SAFETY STATEMENT  
INSTRUCCIONES DE SEGURIDAD  
1. Todas las instrucciones de seguridad y operación deberán ser leídas antes de que el  
aparato eléctrico sea operado.  
2. Las instrucciones de seguridad y operación deberán ser guardadas para referencia futura.  
3. Todas las advertencias en el aparato eléctrico y en sus instrucciones de operación deben  
ser respetadas.  
4. Todas las instrucciones de operación y uso deben ser seguidas.  
5. El aparato eléctrico no deberá ser usado cerca del agua—por ejemplo, cerca de la tina de  
baño, lavabo, sótano mojado o cerca de una alberca, etc..  
6. El aparato eléctrico debe ser usado únicamente con carritos o pedestals que sean  
recomendados por el fabricante.  
7. El aparato eléctrico debe ser montado a la pared o al techo sólo como sea recomendado  
por el fabricante.  
8. Servicio—El usuario no debe intentar dar servicio al equipo eléctrico más allá a lo  
descrito en las instrucciones de operación. Todo otro servicio deberá ser referido a  
personal de servicio calificado.  
9. El aparato eléctrico debe ser situado de tal manera que su posición no interfiera su uso.  
La colocación del aparato eléctrico sobre una cama, sofá, alfombra o superficie similar  
puede bloquea la ventilación, no se debe colocar en libreros o gabinetes que impidan el  
flujo de aire por los orificios de ventilación.  
10. El equipo eléctrico deber ser situado fuera del alcance de fuentes de calor como  
radiadores, registros de calor, estufas u otros aparatos (incluyendo amplificadores) que  
producen calor.  
11. El aparato eléctrico deberá ser connectado a una fuente de poder sólo del tipo descrito en  
el instructivo de operación, o como se indique en el aparato.  
12. Precaución debe ser tomada de tal manera que la tierra fisica y la polarización del equipo  
no sea eliminada.  
13. Los cables de la fuente de poder deben ser guiados de tal manera que no sean pisados ni  
pellizcados por objetos colocados sobre o contra ellos, poniendo particular atención a los  
contactos y receptáculos donde salen del aparato.  
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SERVSWITCHBRAND CATX KVM EXTENDER FAMILY  
14. El equipo eléctrico debe ser limpiado únicamente de acuerdo a las recomendaciones del  
fabricante.  
15. En caso de existir, una antena externa deberá ser localizada lejos de las lineas de energia.  
16. El cable de corriente deberá ser desconectado del cuando el equipo no sea usado por un  
largo periodo de tiempo.  
17. Cuidado debe ser tomado de tal manera que objectos liquidos no sean derramados sobre  
la cubierta u orificios de ventilación.  
18. Servicio por personal calificado deberá ser provisto cuando:  
A: El cable de poder o el contacto ha sido dañado; u  
B: Objectos han caído o líquido ha sido derramado dentro del aparato; o  
C: El aparato ha sido expuesto a la lluvia; o  
D: El aparato parece no operar normalmente o muestra un cambio en su desempeño; o  
E: El aparato ha sido tirado o su cubierta ha sido dañada.  
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SAFETY PRECAUTIONS AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES  
Safety Precautions and Installation Guidelines  
To ensure reliable and safe long-term operation please note the following installation  
guidelines:  
Do not use to link between buildings.  
Only use in dry, indoor environments.  
If the building has 3-phase AC power, try to ensure that equipment connected to the  
Local and Remote units is on the same phase.  
Try not to route the CATx link cable alongside power cables.  
Ensure that the system connected to the Local unit is connected to power ground.  
Ensure that the monitor connected to the Remote unit is connected to power ground and  
does not use an isolated power supply.  
The Remote unit and any power supplies can get warm. Do not situate them in an  
enclosed space without any airflow.  
Do not place the power supply directly on top of the Remote unit.  
Do not obscure the Remote unit’s ventilation holes.  
To safeguard against personal injury and avoid possible  
damage to equipment or property, please observe the  
following:  
Only use power supplies originally supplied with the  
product or manufacturer-approved replacements. Do not  
attempt to dismantle or repair any power supply. Do not  
use a power supply if it appears to be defective or has a  
damaged case.  
Connect all power supplies to grounded outlets. In each  
case, ensure that the ground connection is maintained  
from the outlet socket through to the power supply’s AC  
power input.  
Do not attempt to modify or repair this product, or make  
a connection from the CATx link interface (RJ45) to any  
other products, especially telecommunications or  
network equipment.  
7
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SERVSWITCHBRAND CATX KVM EXTENDER FAMILY  
Contents  
1. Quick Setup  
10  
11  
1.1  
Command Summary  
2. Overview  
12  
12  
12  
14  
15  
16  
17  
2.1  
2.2  
2.3  
2.4  
2.5  
2.6  
Introduction  
Glossary  
Features  
Product Range  
Compatibility  
How to Use This Guide  
3. Installation  
18  
18  
19  
20  
22  
25  
3.1  
3.2  
3.3  
3.4  
3.5  
Package Contents  
Interconnection Cable Requirements  
Remote Unit Installation  
Local Unit Installation  
Connection to Rackmount Hub Local Units  
4. Remote Unit Configuration & Operation  
28  
28  
29  
30  
31  
36  
4.1  
4.2  
4.3  
4.4  
4.5  
Video Configuration Overview  
Video Adjustments  
Command Mode  
Adjusting Video  
Other Remote Configuration & Operation Options  
5. Local Unit Operation  
39  
39  
40  
5.1  
5.2  
Overview  
Dual Access Systems  
6. Troubleshooting  
42  
42  
44  
45  
45  
46  
6.1  
6.2  
6.3  
6.4  
6.5  
Video  
Keyboard & Mouse  
Audio  
Serial  
General Questions  
8
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CONTENTS  
Appendix A: Example Applications  
Appendix B: Rack Mount Options  
47  
52  
Appendix C: Remote Unit: Flash Upgrading &  
External Configuration  
54  
55  
58  
60  
61  
Appendix D: Advanced Cabling Issues (Skew)  
Appendix E: Audio/Serial Ports  
Appendix F: Calling Black Box  
Appendix G: Specifications  
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SERVSWITCHBRAND CATX KVM EXTENDER FAMILY  
1. Quick Setup  
This section briefly describes how to install your KVM extender system and optimize the  
video signals. Unless you are an experienced user, we recommend that you follow the full  
procedures described in the rest of this manual. Refer to the command summary on the next  
page when following this procedure.  
Any Problems? See  
Install system  
.
Installation and  
Troubleshooting  
sections.  
1. Connect Remote unit to KVM and audio/serial devices  
(if present).  
2. Connect Local unit or Extender hub to CPU.  
3. Connect Remote and Local units with compatible CATx  
Interconnect cable.  
4. Power up system.  
Provides useful  
image for adjusting  
video.  
View Test Card  
Enter Command Mode on Remote unit  
<Left Control> + <Left Shift> + <F10>  
All adjustments apply  
to selected channel.  
See page 27.  
Choose video channel  
<1>, <2> or <0> (both)  
Reset channel  
<Left Control> + <Home>  
Obtain approx. EQ  
setting. See page 28.  
Apply Assisted EQ  
Next: <Left Control> + <Page Up>  
Previous: <Left Control> + <Page Down>  
See page 28 and, for  
a detailed discussion  
of skew correction,  
see Appendix D.  
Correct Skew  
Adjust the individual color delays until the test card’s RGB  
vertical lines are aligned.  
Fine tune LF and HF EQ  
Optimize video quality.  
See page 30.  
Reduce smearing and loss of sharpness.  
TFT Users: Set to auto-adjust, or if you are an advanced  
user, manually adjust the monitor’s clock and phase.  
More channels?  
Yes  
No  
Exit Command Mode  
<ESC>  
10  
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QUICK SETUP  
1.1 Command Summary  
The following table summarizes the ‘hot’ key command sequences used in system  
configuration and video tuning on a Remote unit console.  
Command Mode  
Enter Command Mode  
Exit Command Mode & Save  
Exit Command Mode Without Save  
<Left Control> + <Left Shift> + <F10>  
<ESC>  
<Left Control> + <ESC>  
Video Channel Selection  
Select Channel For Adjustment  
Select BOTH Video Channels  
<1>, <2>  
<0>  
Assisted EQ  
Next Assisted EQ Setting  
Previous Assisted EQ Setting  
Reset EQ & Delay Values  
Reset EQ Values  
<Left Control> + <Page Up>  
<Left Control> + <Page Down>  
<Left Control> + <Home>  
<Left Control> + <End>  
LF/HF Equalization  
Increase LF Equalization (Coarse)  
Increase LF Equalization (Fine)  
Decrease LF Equalization (Coarse)  
Decrease LF Equalization (Fine)  
Increase HF Equalization (Coarse)  
Increase HF Equalization (Fine)  
Decrease HF Equalization (Coarse)  
Decrease HF Equalization (Fine)  
<L> + <Up Arrow>  
<L> + <Right Arrow>  
<L> + <Down Arrow>  
<L> + <Left Arrow>  
<H> + <Up Arrow>  
<H> + <Right Arrow>  
<H> + <Down Arrow>  
<H> + <Left Arrow>  
Quick Skew  
Toggle RED Delay (19nS)  
Toggle GREEN Delay (19nS)  
Toggle BLUE Delay (19nS)  
<Left Control> + <R>  
<Left Control> + <G>  
<Left Control> + <B>  
Delay (Skew)  
Increase RED Delay  
Increase GREEN Delay  
Increase BLUE Delay  
Decrease RED Delay  
Decrease GREEN Delay  
Decrease BLUE Delay  
<R> + <Right Arrow>  
<G> + <Right Arrow>  
<B> + <Right Arrow>  
<R> + <Left Arrow>  
<G> + <Left Arrow>  
<B> + <Left Arrow>  
Reset Commands  
Reset Mouse and Keyboard  
Send NULL Mouse Byte  
Set Extender To Default State  
<F1>  
<F3>  
<Left Control> + <F9>  
Other Commands  
Toggle Remote Unit Private Mode  
Toggle Local Unit Initial Hot Key  
Local Unit Scroll Lock Key Mode  
<Scroll Lock>  
<F7>  
<F5>  
11  
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SERVSWITCHBRAND CATX KVM EXTENDER FAMILY  
2. Overview  
2.1 Introduction  
The ServSwitchBrand CATx KVM Extender Series enables high-resolution video, PS/2  
keyboard and mouse, stereo audio, and serial port signals to be communicated up to 1000ft  
(300m) over Category 5, 5e, 6 or higher (CATx) cable.  
A basic KVM extension system comprises a Local unit (transmitter) and a Remote unit  
(receiver). The Local unit connects directly to the computer (or a KVM switch system) using  
the supplied cable(s). The user console (keyboard, mouse and monitor) attaches to the  
Remote unit. The Remote and Local units communicate video and data information along the  
connecting CATx cable (see Figure 1).  
Within the product range, models are available with combinations of the following:  
Audio transmission: bi-directional stereo audio (16-bit digitized).  
Serial transmission: transparent serial COM port (to 19.2Kbps).  
Dual access: allowing a second user console at the Local unit.  
Multiple video channels: single and dual video heads.  
2.2 Glossary  
The following terms are used in this guide:  
CATx  
PSU  
Any Category 5, 5e, 6 or higher cable.  
The desktop power supply connected to the Remote unit.  
Keyboard, Video and Mouse.  
KVM  
Console  
A keyboard, monitor, and mouse, plus optional serial/audio  
devices.  
Dual Access  
Single Head  
Dual Head  
A system allowing connection of Local and Remote user consoles.  
An extender system that supports one monitor.  
An extender system that supports two monitors.  
12  
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OVERVIEW  
Local Access  
ACU2009A, ACU2028A only.  
LOCAL unit  
KVM extension over CATx  
cables up to 1000ft (300m).  
REMOTE unit  
Serial and Audio  
Dual Video Support  
ACU2201A, ACU2222A  
ACUR002A, ACURA002A  
only  
Transmission  
ACU2022A, ACU2028A  
ACU2222A, ACURA001A  
ACURA002A only  
Figure 1  
KVM extender system  
13  
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SERVSWITCHBRAND CATX KVM EXTENDER FAMILY  
2.3 Features  
All members of the ServSwitchBrand CATx KVM Extender Series offer the following  
features:  
Support for high video resolution over extended distances:  
1600x1200@60Hz over 650ft (200m)  
1280x1024@75Hz over 1000ft (300m)  
Fully integrated skew compensation allows operation with CATx cables by canceling  
color shift and enhancing sharpness.  
Independent low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) cable equalization control  
ensures optimum video tuning across different cable types.  
Models available with single and dual head video support (one CATx cable required for  
each video channel).  
All control and video tuning carried out using the Remote keyboard with settings stored  
in EEPROM memory.  
Remote unit firmware and settings flash upgradeable.  
Intelligent PS/2 keyboard and mouse emulation ensures PCs do not lock-up and allows  
peripherals to be hot-plugged.  
Dual access models allow local or remote operation.  
Transparent serial port (on certain models) enables any serial device to be extended (up  
to 19.2K Baud). The serial port may be used to extend one device (requiring  
handshaking lines), or up to three simple serial devices (no handshaking).  
Bi-directional stereo audio (16-bit digitized) support on certain models enables high-  
quality, low-noise audio extension.  
Local units are normally powered directly by the PC (or switch).  
Private Mode on dual access models allows user to lock out other console.  
Status indicator LEDs on each RJ45 port.  
Small footprint chassis.  
Rack mount options available.  
Surge protection on each RJ45 port.  
Remote units are fully compatible with ServSwitchCAT5 KVM Extender Local units  
and hubs.  
CPU cables included (certain models).  
14  
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OVERVIEW  
2.4 Product Range  
There are ten products in the range:  
Single Video Channel Kits (Standard)  
ACU2001A  
Single Video Channel, PS/2 KB & Mouse  
Local Unit + Remote Unit (Single Access)  
ACU2009A  
Single Video Channel, PS/2 KB & Mouse  
Local Unit + Remote Unit (Dual Access)  
Single Video Channel Kits (Audio)  
ACU2022A  
Single Video Channel, PS/2, Serial, Stereo Audio  
Local Unit + Remote Unit (Single Access)  
ACU2028A  
Single Video Channel, PS/2, Serial, Stereo Audio  
Local Unit + Remote Unit (Dual Access)  
Dual Video Channel Kit (Standard)  
ACU2201A Dual Video Channel, PS/2 KB & Mouse  
Local Unit + Remote Unit (Dual Video)  
Dual Video Channel Kit (Audio)  
ACU2222A Dual Video Channel, PS/2, Serial, Stereo Audio  
Local Unit + Remote Unit (Dual Video)  
Remote Units With PS/2 Interfaces  
ACUR001A  
ACUR002A  
Single Video Channel, PS/2 KB & Mouse  
Dual Video Channel, PS/2 KB & Mouse  
Remote Units With PS/2, Serial and Audio Interfaces  
ACURA001A  
ACURA002A  
Single Video Channel, PS/2, Serial, Stereo Audio  
Dual Video Channel, PS/2, Serial, Stereo Audio  
15  
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2.5 Compatibility  
Interface Compatibility  
PS/2 Keyboard: Compatible with all standard keyboards. Certain keyboards with  
enhanced features may also be supported with custom firmware.  
PS/2 Mouse: Compatible with all standard 2-button, 3-button and wheel mice. To  
connect to a PC which does not have a PS/2 mouse port, an active serial converter is  
required – Model No: AC244A.  
Audio: Input and output are line-level. Amplified speakers are required. A micro- phone  
may be directly connected to the Remote unit (optional pre-amplification).  
Serial: Transparent up to 19.2K Baud (38.4K operation may be possible with some  
devices). The following serial signals are extended: TX, RX, RTS, CTS, DTR, DSR. In  
rare cases, a wiring adaptor may be required to transfer RI and DCD.  
Video: VGA to UXGA. Separate sync, composite sync, or sync-on-green. Maximum  
resolution and refresh rates depend on cable length and cable type (see Appendix G:  
Specifications, page 61).  
Extender Compatibility  
The ServSwitchBrand CATx KVM Extender Series of CATx KVM extender products  
offer enhanced performance while maintaining complete compatibility with existing  
ServSwitchstandalone and rack mount CAT5 extenders.  
You can use CAT5 and CATx products belonging to the same family in any combination.  
However, it is not possible to mix Standard and Audio products within a system. CATx units  
are not currently compatible with SUN (ACU1004A, ACU1005A) or Serial only products  
(ACU1002A, ACU1008A, ACUSREM, ACU1006SRA).  
Standard Family  
Audio Family  
Standard family units are compatible  
with the following CAT5 products:  
Audio family units are compatible with the  
following CAT5 products:  
ACU1001A  
ACU3001A  
ACU1049A  
ACUREM  
ACU1009A  
ACU1022A  
ACU1028A  
ACU3009A  
ACU3022A  
ACUVREM  
ACUMREM  
ACUREMSW  
ACU1006DRA  
ACU1006MRA  
ACUWREM  
ACU1006DVRA  
ACU1006VRA  
ACU1006MRVA  
ACU1006RA  
ACU1012RA  
16  
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OVERVIEW  
2.6 How to Use This Guide  
This guide describes the installation and configuration of the ServSwitchBrand CATx  
KVM Extender Series. Although the connection and operation of the system is relatively  
straightforward, you should consider the following before getting started:  
Connection & Compatibility  
If you have purchased an Extender Kit, this will contain all the cables required to connect the  
Local unit to your PC or KVM switch. The Remote console (keyboard, monitor and mouse)  
and any audio and serial equipment connects directly to the Remote unit.  
If you have purchased a Remote Unit, ensure that it is compatible with your Local unit (see  
Compatibility, page 16).  
For information about connection and installation, see Installation, page 18.  
Interconnection Cable  
You will need CATx (any category 5, 5e, 6 or higher) cable, terminated with RJ45 plugs, to  
connect the Local and Remote units (see Interconnection Cable Requirements, page 19.  
Adjusting Video  
Video signals become distorted when transmitted over CATx cables. To get the best from  
your extender system, it is essential that you adjust the Remote unit to optimize the video  
image quality:  
For experienced users, there is a Quick Setup section at the start of this guide (see page  
10).  
For the full procedure, see Remote Unit Configuration & Operation, page 28.  
Refer to Appendix D: Advanced Cabling Issues (Skew), page 55 for a more in depth  
discussion of skew correction and advanced cabling issues.  
17  
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SERVSWITCHBRAND CATX KVM EXTENDER FAMILY  
3. Installation  
For first-time users, we recommend that you carry out a test placement, confined to a single  
room, before commencing full installation. This will allow you to identify and solve any  
cabling problems, and experiment with the KVM extender system more conveniently.  
3.1 Package Contents  
You should receive the following items in your extender package. If anything is missing,  
please refer to Appendix F to obtain Technical Support.  
Extender Remote unit.  
9-VDC 10W universal power supply for Remote unit.  
Extender Local unit.  
Only included in extender kits.  
KVM CPU cable set (1.8m) with PS/2 (6-pin mini-DIN male-to-male) keyboard and  
mouse connectors and VGA video (HD15 male to female) connector.  
Models: ACU2001A, ACU2009A, ACU2022A and ACU2028A only.  
KVM CPU combination cable (1.0m) with PS/2 (6-pin mini-DIN male-to-male)  
keyboard and mouse connectors, VGA video (HD15 male) connector, and 25-way  
(DB25 Female) extender connector.  
Models: ACU2201A and ACU2222A only.  
CPU video cable (1.0m) with VGA video (HD15 male) connector and a 25-way (DB25  
Female) extender connector.  
Models: ACU2201A and ACU2222A only.  
Serial cable (1.8m, one DB9 male connector, one DB9 female connector, straight-  
through connections).  
Models: ACU2022A, ACU2028A and ACU2222A only.  
Two audio cables (1.8m, 3.5mm stereo plugs).  
Models: ACU2022A, ACU2028A and ACU2222A only.  
IEC AC Power Cord.  
User Guide.  
18  
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INSTALLATION  
3.2 Interconnection Cable Requirements  
To connect the Local and Remote units you will need CATx (any category 5, 5e, 6 or higher)  
cable terminated with RJ45 plugs.  
Interconnect cables must be solid-core type. Stranded patch cable will give poor results over  
longer distances. The pairing of the cable and pinning of its connectors should normally be in  
accordance with EIA-568B (see page 56).  
One CATx cable is required for each video channel.  
The Primary interconnect cable connects INTERCONNECT Port 1 on the Local and  
Remote units. This carries the main video channel and all data (plus audio/serial).  
A Secondary CATx cable (connected to INTERCONNECT Port 2) carries a second  
video channel on dual-head units.  
In order to send Keyboard, Mouse, Audio and Serial signals to the PC, the  
Primary interconnect must be connected.  
The Primary interconnect does not have to be connected in order to use the  
keyboard attached to the Remote unit for setup. However, if the Primary  
interconnect is disconnected, the keyboard cannot be used for configuration for 15  
seconds after disconnection (to maintain data integrity).  
With some cables, video performance may be improved by using a crossover patch  
cable at each end or an alternative RJ45 pin-out (see Appendix A: Example  
Applications, page 55).  
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SERVSWITCHBRAND CATX KVM EXTENDER FAMILY  
3.3 Remote Unit Installation  
To install a Remote unit:  
1. Switch off all devices.  
2. Connect your keyboard, monitor(s) and mouse to the Remote unit as shown in  
Figure 2.  
These ports may also be attached to the CPU side of a KVM switch in  
order to have a Remote CPU. However, if you are attempting to use the  
extender between cascaded KVM switches this may not work. Please contact  
Technical Support to discuss your application.  
3. If appropriate, connect audio equipment and serial devices. Connect the audio cables as  
follows:  
RemoteUnit  
Audio Device  
Audio Out  
Speakers  
Audio In (MIC)  
Microphone  
See Appendix E: Audio/Serial Ports, page 58 for further information.  
4. Connect CATx cable(s) to the INTERCONNECT socket(s) on the front of the Remote  
unit.  
5. Connect the 9V power supply to power the unit.  
Only use the power supply originally supplied with this  
equipment or a manufacturer approved replacement.  
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INSTALLATION  
ACURA001A, ACURA002A, ACU2022A, ACU2028A, ACU2222A only  
Connect to speakers and  
microphone.  
Connect to serial device, such as  
a touch screen.  
Connect to second monitor.  
Connect to  
Primary monitor.  
Connect PS/2  
keyboard and mouse.  
ACUR002A, ACURA002A,  
ACU2201A, ACU2222A only  
All Remote units  
Figure 2  
Remote Unit – rear view  
ACU2201A, ACU2222A,  
ACUR002A, ACURA002A only  
All Remote units  
INTERCONNECT 1 – carries  
primary video and data signals.  
INTERCONNECT 2 – carries secondary video  
signals.  
Status  
Yellow LED*  
Green LED  
OFF  
No data transfer with Local  
Remote Unit not powered.  
unit  
ON  
Remote Unit in Command  
Mode  
Data transfer with Local unit  
Remote Unit powered but no  
video found  
Remote Unit powered & video  
sync found  
FLASHING  
* Yellow LED active on primary INTERCONNECT socket (Channel 1) only  
Figure 3  
Remote Unit - front view  
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SERVSWITCHBRAND CATX KVM EXTENDER FAMILY  
3.4 Local Unit Installation  
To install a Local unit:  
1. It is recommended that the PC and other devices are switched off before connection.  
2. Using the supplied CPU KVM cable(s), connect the keyboard, monitor(s) and mouse  
connectors on the computer (or KVM switch) to the corresponding connectors on the  
Local unit as shown in Figure 4 for single video units, or Figure 5 for dual video units.  
Ensure that you attach the keyboard and mouse connectors to the correct ports. The  
keyboard connector is purple; the mouse connector is green.  
If your PC does not have a PS/2 mouse port, an active serial converter  
will be required - Model No: AC244A.  
3. If you have a dual access system, connect the keyboard, mouse and monitor for the  
Local console to the appropriate ports on the Local unit. The ports may also be used to  
feed into a KVM switch.  
4. If you have an audio and serial enabled system, connect the audio cables between the  
computer and Local unit as follows:  
Computer  
Local Unit  
Audio Out (green)  
Audio In  
Audio In/Microphone (pink)  
Audio Out  
5. If appropriate, connect the supplied serial cable between the serial port on the computer  
and the Local unit.  
6. For single video units, connect the CATx cable to the INTERCONNECT socket on the  
front of the Local unit (see Figure 6). For dual-head systems, connect the CATx cables  
from the Remote unit to the corresponding INTERCONNECT ports (1&2) on the Local  
unit (see Figure 7).  
7. Power up the PC.  
The Local unit normally takes power through the PCs keyboard port. In  
video only applications, this connection is not used and so an external  
PSU is required.  
Models ACU2201A and ACU2222A have a port for an optional 5V power  
supply. Models ACU2001A, ACU2009A, ACU2022A, and ACU2028A require a  
5V PSU with a MiniDIN connector to be plugged into the extender’s keyboard  
port.  
Please contact Technical Support to obtain a suitable power supply.  
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INSTALLATION  
ACU2028A and ACU2022A only  
Connect to audio ports on  
computer.  
Connect to serial port on  
computer.  
Connect to  
computer’s  
video output.  
Connect to computer’s  
PS/2 keyboard and  
mouse ports.  
Connect to Local  
monitor.  
Connect to Local  
PS/2 keyboard and  
mouse.  
ACU2001A, ACU2022A,  
ACU2009A, ACU2028A  
ACU2009A, ACU2028A only  
Figure 4  
Local Unit (Single Video) - rear view  
ACU2222A only  
Connect to audio ports  
on computer.  
Connect to serial port  
on computer.  
Optional connection  
for 5V PSU (not  
supplied)  
Connect to  
secondary  
video output.  
Connect to computer’s primary  
video, PS/2 keyboard and mouse  
ports using supplied cable.  
ACU2201A and ACU2222A  
Figure 5  
Local Unit (Dual Video) - rear view  
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SERVSWITCHBRAND CATX KVM EXTENDER FAMILY  
ACU2001A, ACU2022A, ACU2009A, ACU2028A only  
INTERCONNECT – carries video and data signals. Connect  
to CATx cable from INTERCONNECT port on Remote unit.  
Figure 6  
Local Unit (Single Video) – front view  
ACU2201A and ACU2222A only  
INTERCONNECT 1 – carries primary  
INTERCONNECT 2 – carries  
secondary video signals. Connect to  
CATx cable from INTERCONNECT 2  
port on Remote unit.  
video and data signals. Connect to  
CATx cable from INTERCONNECT 1  
port on Remote unit.  
Status LED  
Power LED*  
OFF  
No power - Local unit not  
connected or defective  
No power  
ON  
No link to Remote unit  
Power on  
*If LED is dim you need to use  
an external PSU  
FLASHING  
Link operating correctly  
Figure 7  
Local Unit (Dual Video) – front view  
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INSTALLATION  
3.5 Connection to Rackmount Hub Local Units  
Remote units are compatible with CAT5 KVM Extender Local Hubs belonging to the same  
family:  
Remote Units  
Compatible Local Rack Hubs  
ACU1006RA, ACU1006DRA, ACU1012RA  
ACU1006VRA, ACU1006DVRA  
ACUR001A, ACUR002A  
ACURA001A, ACURA002A  
You can use Rack Extender Hubs in a number of ways:  
Individually, connecting a single-head Remote unit to each port (see Figure 8)  
With dual-head Remote units, using adjacent hub ports to transmit the primary  
video/data and secondary video signals (see Figure 9).  
For more complex examples showing the use of Rack Extender Hubs with Remote units in  
efficient ways, see Appendix A: Example Applications, page 47. Additional video channels  
do not require the Extender Hub to be of the same family. For example, an ACU1012RA  
could be efficiently used to transmit multiple secondary video channels to ACURA002A  
units.  
Individual Rack Hub operation is not covered in this guide. Please refer to  
the documentation supplied with your Rack Hub unit.  
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SERVSWITCHBRAND CATX KVM EXTENDER FAMILY  
Figure 8  
Simple system using ACU1006RA hub and ACUR001A  
Remote units  
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INSTALLATION  
5V PSU  
Figure 9  
ACU1006RA rack used with ACUR002A units to extend  
dual video  
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SERVSWITCHBRAND CATX KVM EXTENDER FAMILY  
4. Remote Unit Configuration &  
Operation  
Cat5/5e/6 cables are specifically designed for networking applications and not for  
transmitting analog video. Your CATx KVM extender includes, and requires, advanced  
technology to enable its use at high screen resolutions. This section describes how to optimize  
the video signal, configure the Extender system and operate the Remote unit.  
For details about flash upgrading and external configuration see Appendix C: Remote Unit:  
Flash Upgrading & External Configuration, page 54.  
For more information about serial/audio port operation, see Appendix E: Audio/Serial  
Ports, page 58.  
4.1 Video Configuration Overview  
To get the best out of your extender system it is essential that you configure it correctly and  
tune the video signal. Tuning is necessary because of distortions that occur in a video signal  
when it is transmitted over lengthy CATx cables. Generally, you only need to carry out this  
procedure after installation. The system stores settings in an EEPROM in the Remote unit and  
restores them whenever the unit is powered up.  
When you have installed your extender system, run an application that requires a high screen  
resolution. Examine the video image on the Remote console’s monitor. You may see some of  
the following distortion effects:  
Smearing: black smearing at the right-hand edge of large horizontal  
objects such as title bars and characters. To correct this smearing  
requires adjustment of LF equalization.  
Loss of Sharpness: Loss of high frequency (HF) signals causes  
blurring and lack of detail. To correct this requires adjustment of HF  
equalization.  
Color Separation or Skew: This arises because of timing differences in  
the reception of signals for the individual colors. Each color in the  
RGB (Red, Green, Blue) video signal is sent down a separate pair of  
wires in the Interconnect cable. On many cables, the twist rates differ  
and this leads to each color arriving at a slightly different time and  
therefore spreading out on the screen. Skew becomes a major problem  
at high screen resolutions and with long CATx cables. To correct for  
skew, the ‘faster’ colors must be delayed to arrive at the same time as  
the slowest.  
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REMOTE UNIT CONFIGURATION & OPERATION  
4.2 Video Adjustments  
Remote units feature a number of correction tools to simplify video optimization. This  
procedure is straightforward and only needs to be carried out once.  
For each video channel, the Remote unit allows you to optimize independently:  
Low frequency (LF) equalization  
High frequency (HF) equalization  
Red delay  
Green delay  
Blue delay  
To help automate the procedure, the Remote unit offers the following unique tools:  
Assisted EQ  
Allows you to ‘step-through’ a table of preset LF and HF EQ values for different cable  
lengths.  
Quick Skew  
Inserts a standard delay on a specified color (19ns - a typical value suitable for most  
applications).  
Channel 0  
Allows you to apply video adjustments to both video channels simultaneously (dual-  
head units only).  
To get the best video image, you are recommended to follow the procedures for manual fine-  
tuning (see Adjusting Video, page 31).  
You may want to read Appendix D: Advanced Cabling Issues (Skew) on  
page 55 to understand how to achieve optimum video quality with your  
particular CATx interconnection cable.  
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4.3 Command Mode  
During normal use, the Remote console keyboard functions in the usual manner. However, by  
using a specific ‘hot’ key sequence, you can set the keyboard into a Command Mode. From  
this, you can use various keys and key combinations to tune the video signal and generally  
configure the extender system.  
To enter Command Mode:  
1. Ensure that you have installed and powered up the system according to the instructions  
in Section 3.  
2. Press the following key combination on the Remote keyboard:  
<Left Control> + <Left Shift> + <F10>  
From Command Mode you can use one or more of the ‘hot’ key sequences shown on page 11  
to configure the system. The next section gives a full description of the video optimization  
procedure.  
To exit Command Mode:  
Press <Esc> to exit Command Mode and save the configuration settings, or  
Press <Left Control> + <Esc> to exit Command Mode without saving changes made in  
the current session.  
The Remote unit automatically exits Command Mode after 30 sec of  
inactivity, saves all settings to EEPROM and returns normal function to  
the keyboard.  
Status LEDs in Command Mode  
In Command Mode, the Remote unit:  
Illuminates the yellow channel 1 LED continuously (see Figure 7).  
Note. The Yellow LEDs on other video channels are not lit.  
Flashes the status LEDs (Num Lock, Caps Lock, Scroll Lock) on the connected  
keyboard to indicate video channel selection (to which adjustments will be applied).  
The number of flashes indicates the selected video channel:  
Keyboard LED flashes  
Video channel  
1
Channel 1 (default)  
2
Channel 2 (dual systems only)  
Both channels (dual systems only - Channel 0)  
Slow Flashes  
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REMOTE UNIT CONFIGURATION & OPERATION  
4.4 Adjusting Video  
Use the following step-by-step procedure to optimize the video image on the Remote console:  
1. If possible, view the online test card at:  
This is an image (see Figure 10) created and used by the manufacturer for video  
optimization purposes. It is particularly useful for correcting skew. If you are unable to  
view the test card, display some text in a large font on a white background.  
You should also open up other application windows to check the clarity  
of text in toolbars and icons on the desktop.  
Figure 10  
Online test card available at  
2. Enter Command Mode (see Command Mode, page 30) by pressing the following key  
combination on the Remote console’s keyboard:  
<Left Control> + <Left Shift> + <F10>  
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3. Select the video channel you want to configure using one of the following keys on the  
numeric keypad:  
Channel Command  
Key  
Select Channel 1 For Adjustment  
Select Channel 2 For Adjustment  
Select BOTH Video Channels  
<1>  
<2>  
<0> (Channel 0)  
Use Channel 0 to tune both video channels simultaneously. This  
simplifies the procedure for setting up large dual-head installations  
where a consistent cable type is used and the adjustments required  
should be almost the same.  
4. Reset the selected channel(s) by pressing:  
<Left Control> + <Home>  
5. Step through the Assisted EQ settings to find the level that gives the best image.  
Assisted EQ Command  
Key Sequence  
Next Assisted EQ Setting  
Previous Assisted EQ Setting  
<Left Control> + <PgUp>  
<Left Control> + <PgDn>  
Assisted EQ steps through a table of preset LF & HF EQ values for  
different lengths of cable (in 80ft {25m} increments calibrated from 0 to  
1250ft {375m}). Each time you enter Command Mode and start adjusting  
Assisted EQ, the unit resets LF and HF values.  
After finding the best setting, you will probably want to fine-tune the LF and  
HF equalization settings (see steps 8&9). This is best done after adjusting for  
any color skew as described below.  
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REMOTE UNIT CONFIGURATION & OPERATION  
LF too low  
LF too high  
HF too high  
HF too low  
Figure 11  
Problems with smearing and sharpness requiring LF and  
HF adjustment  
6. Identify the ‘slowest’ color – the colored line furthest to the right. Delay the signals of  
the two other colors using the following commands:  
Delay Command  
Key Sequence  
Increase RED Delay (move right)  
Decrease RED Delay (move left)  
<R> + <Right Arrow>  
<R> + <Left Arrow>  
Increase GREEN Delay (move right)  
Decrease GREEN Delay (move left)  
<G> + <Right Arrow>  
<G> + <Left Arrow>  
Increase BLUE Delay (move right)  
Decrease BLUE Delay (move left)  
<B> + <Right Arrow>  
<B> + <Left Arrow>  
Use the Quick Skew feature to determine which color requires delaying or to quickly set  
the delay on a color back to zero. Applying Quick Skew to a color toggles its delay  
between zero and 19nS (a typically required value).  
Quick Skew Command  
Toggle RED Delay  
Key Sequence  
<Left Control> + <R>  
<Left Control> + <G>  
<Left Control> + <B>  
Toggle GREEN Delay  
Toggle BLUE Delay  
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SERVSWITCHBRAND CATX KVM EXTENDER FAMILY  
Slower  
Red  
In this illustration, Blue is the  
slowest signal. To optimize the  
Green  
image, Red and Green need to  
be delayed until they align with  
Blue.  
Blue  
Faster  
Figure 12  
Illustration of skew and appearance on test card  
Some Cat5e/Cat6 cables require a large green delay. Video quality can  
be often be vastly improved by using standard crossover patch cables at  
both ends of the link rather than straight patch cables. For details see  
Appendix D: Advanced Cabling Issues (Skew), page 55.  
Sometimes the optimum skew adjustment will actually be one step out from that  
suggested by the test card due to the way some monitors sample the signal.  
The maximum amount of skew correction available is 42nS. This is more than  
adequate for the vast majority of cables. However, it may not be enough if you  
are using a particularly long run of a cable which exhibits severe delay skew.  
7. If you are using one or more flat panel monitors in the Remote consoles, carry out  
auto-adjustment as described in the monitor’s documentation. Sometimes manual  
adjust of clock and/or phase is also required for optimum results and minimization  
of jitter.  
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REMOTE UNIT CONFIGURATION & OPERATION  
8. Fine-tune the LF equalization to remove ‘black video smearing’ - black smears to the  
right of large objects such as window title bars (see Figure 11).  
LF Equalization Commands  
Key Sequence  
Increase LF Equalization (Coarse)  
Decrease LF Equalization (Coarse)  
<L> + <Up Arrow>  
<L> + <Down Arrow>  
Increase LF Equalization (Fine)  
Decrease LF Equalization (Fine)  
<L> + <Right Arrow>  
<L> + <Left Arrow>  
9. Fine-tune the HF equalization to sharpen the video image. Increase HF Equalization  
until a white edge to the right of small characters just starts to appear (see Figure 11).  
HF Equalization Commands  
Key Sequence  
Increase HF Equalization (Coarse)  
Decrease HF Equalization (Coarse)  
<H> + <Up Arrow>  
<H> + <Down Arrow>  
Increase HF Equalization (Fine)  
Decrease HF Equalization (Fine)  
<H> + <Right Arrow>  
<H> + <Left Arrow>  
On certain monitors, you may obtain a sharper image by  
overcompensating HF EQ and then decreasing LF EQ to remove any  
bright streaks.  
10. If you are using one or more flat panel monitors in the Remote consoles, carry out auto-  
adjustment again.  
11. Save the settings by pressing the <Esc> key. Alternatively, to discard any changes and  
revert to the settings stored in the EEPROM, press <Left Control> + <Esc>. The  
Remote unit automatically exits Command Mode after 30 sec of inactivity and saves all  
settings, including any changes.  
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SERVSWITCHBRAND CATX KVM EXTENDER FAMILY  
4.5 Other Remote Configuration &  
Operation Options  
Reset Commands  
The ServSwitchBrand CATx KVM Extender Series has a number of commands to reset the  
keyboard and mouse, to reset EQ and Delay values and to restore the factory default  
configuration.  
Command  
Key Sequence  
<F1>  
Reset Mouse and Keyboard  
Resets the keyboard and mouse and then automatically exits Command Mode. Use if the  
mouse or keyboard locks up or the mouse does not initialize correctly.  
Send NULL Mouse Byte  
<F3>  
Use this command if you experience erratic movement of the mouse pointer. These can  
occur when the mouse signal synchronization is lost. The command sends a null mouse byte  
to the system and then automatically exits Command Mode. You may need to enter the  
command a number of times to re-synchronize the mouse signal. Alternatively, stop moving  
the mouse for a few seconds and the operating system’s mouse drivers may automatically  
re-synchronize the signal.  
Reset EQ Values  
<Left Control> + <End>  
You can use this command to zero HF & LF EQ values for the selected video channel(s).  
Current color delay values are not affected.  
Reset EQ & Delay Values  
<Left Control> + <Home>  
Set all video EQ (HF & LF) and color delay values to zero for the currently selected video  
channel(s).  
You can use this command to reset EQ and delay values for both video channels in a dual-  
head installation by selecting Channel 0 prior to issuing this command.  
Set Extender To Default State  
<Left Control> + <F9>  
Sets ALL extender settings (video & configuration) back to the factory defaults and then  
exits Command Mode.  
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REMOTE UNIT CONFIGURATION & OPERATION  
Private Mode Commands  
On dual access systems, the Remote user can lock out the Local console by triggering a  
‘Private Mode’ function. This prevents the Local console from being used even if the two-  
second inactivity timeout period expires.  
To lock out the Local unit:  
1. Enter Command Mode:  
<Left Control> + <Left Shift> + <F10>  
2. Press the <Scroll Lock> key on the Remote unit keyboard.  
To indicate that the Private Mode session is active, the extender system:  
Slowly flashes the Scroll Lock LED on the Remote keyboard.  
Illuminates all three LEDs on the Local keyboard.  
Displays a blank image on the Local console’s monitor.  
Locks the Local console’s keyboard and mouse.  
To cancel the Private Mode, press <Scroll Lock> again while in Command Mode. This  
command also closes Command Mode.  
This command only applies to operation with Local units (standalone and  
rack) that have firmware versions ‘S50’ and above. The firmware-revision  
level is printed on the base of the Extender unit (see Appendix F: Calling  
Black Box, page 60).  
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Local Unit Configuration Commands  
On dual access systems, a Local console user can lock out the Remote console (see Local  
Console Commands, page 41). There are two commands for configuring this feature from  
the Remote console:  
Command  
Key Sequence  
<F7>  
Local Unit Initial Hot Key  
For Local unit firmware versions ‘S50’ and above only  
(all ServSwitchBrand CATx KVM Extender Series and CAT5 KVM Extender Series  
with Audio/Serial)  
To disable the Remote console (and start a Private mode session) a Local console user  
must press an initial ‘hot’ key followed by <Scroll Lock>. By default, the initial ‘hot’ key  
is <Right Control> but this can be changed to <Left Control> from within Command  
Mode. The setting is stored in EEPROM.  
To toggle the Local unit initial ‘hot’ key, enter Command Mode and then press <F7>. The  
console automatically exits from Command Mode after you use this command.  
Local Unit Scroll Lock Key Mode  
<F5>  
For Local unit firmware versions below ‘S50’ only  
(for example, ACU1009A, ACU1006DRA, and ACU3009A)  
In firmware versions earlier than ‘S50’, a Local console user can disable the Remote  
console (and start a Private mode session) simply by pressing <Scroll Lock>. An initial  
‘hot’ key is not required. In these cases, the Scroll Lock key is not passed to the CPU.  
From within Command Mode, you can restore normal Scroll Lock operation. This disables  
the Private mode feature on the Local console.  
To toggle between Private mode and normal Scroll Lock key operation on the Local  
console, press <F5>. The setting is stored in EEPROM. The console automatically exits  
from Command Mode after you use this command.  
On the Remote console, the Scroll Lock key will always function as  
normal. However, the Scroll Lock LED is used to show Private Mode  
status. If the Scroll Lock key is assigned to Private Mode (default), then  
the Remote console’s Scroll Lock LED will not light when <Scroll Lock>  
is pressed.  
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LOCAL UNIT OPERATION  
5. Local Unit Operation  
5.1 Overview  
You need to read this section if you have purchased an extender system kit containing both a  
Local and Remote unit.  
For more information about serial/audio port operation, see Appendix E: Audio/Serial  
Ports, page 58.  
Keyboard and Mouse Emulation  
Local units have keyboard and mouse emulation. The attached PC operates normally without  
requiring a keyboard or mouse to be attached to either the Remote or Local units (in the case  
of a dual access system). You can therefore replace any keyboard or mouse attached to the  
extender system without disrupting the operation of the computer.  
Power  
Single Head Video  
Local units normally take power from the keyboard connection to the computer. For video  
only applications, you must apply external power through this port. Use an external 5V PSU  
with PS/2 connector (Model: PSU2001E).  
Dual Head Video  
Local units (ACU2201A and ACU2222A) may require an external 5V PSU:  
For video only applications.  
If the PC cannot provide sufficient power through the keyboard connection.  
If this is the case, the power LED on the front of the Local unit will be dim (See Figure 7).  
Contact Technical Support for further information.  
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5.2 Dual Access Systems  
ACU2009A and ACU2028A models offer dual access from consoles at both Remote and  
Local units. This operates on a first-come, first-served basis. When one console is in use, the  
system blocks out the other console until there is no keyboard or mouse use at the active  
console for two seconds. Both monitors show the current activity on the computer  
irrespective of which console is in use.  
Certain commands are available at the Local unit.  
To enter these commands:  
1. Press and release the initial ‘hot’ key.  
By default, the initial ‘hot’ key is <Right Control>.  
2. Press and release the command key.  
Changing the Initial Hot Key  
The Local unit’s initial ‘hot’ key may be toggled between <Right Control> and  
<Left Control> by entering a configuration command on the Remote keyboard (See Local  
Unit Configuration Commands, page 38).  
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LOCAL UNIT OPERATION  
Local Console Commands  
After pressing the initial ‘hot’ key on the Local keyboard, you can issue a number of  
commands by pressing additional keys. These commands allow you to start a private mode  
session on the Local console or to reset the keyboard and mouse.  
These commands only apply to Local units and Rack hubs having firmware  
versions ‘S50’ and above.  
Command  
Key Sequence  
<Scroll Lock>  
Private Mode  
Local units that feature dual access (ACU2009A, ACU2028A) allow the Local user to lock  
out the Remote console by triggering a ‘Private Mode’ function. This prevents the Remote  
console from being used even if the two second inactivity timeout period expires.  
During a Private Mode session, the extender system:  
Flashes the Scroll Lock LED on the Local keyboard.  
Illuminates all three LEDs on the Remote keyboard.  
Displays a blank image on the Remote console’s monitor.  
Locks the Remote console’s keyboard and mouse.  
Reset Local Keyboard and Mouse  
<Num-Pad Up Arrow>  
Resets the Local console’s keyboard and mouse. Use if the mouse or keyboard locks up or  
the mouse does not initialize correctly.  
Send NULL Mouse Byte  
<Num-Pad Left Arrow>  
Use this command if you experience erratic movement of the mouse pointer. This can occur  
when the mouse signal synchronization is lost. The command sends a null mouse byte to the  
system and then automatically exits Command Mode. You may need to enter the command a  
number of times to re-synchronize the mouse signal. Alternatively, stop moving the mouse  
for a few seconds and the operating system’s mouse drivers may automatically re-  
synchronize the signal.  
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SERVSWITCHBRAND CATX KVM EXTENDER FAMILY  
6. Troubleshooting  
6.1 Video  
The image is not sharp, or is badly smeared.  
Have you adjusted the video equalization? Follow the instructions on page 29.  
Check the Interconnect cable between the Remote and Local units. Is it of the  
recommended type (see page 19)? Is it intact along its entire length and securely  
connected at both ends? Is it wired correctly (see page 56)?  
Ensure that all video connections throughout the system are attached securely.  
Are you using an LCD panel? You need to adjust its clock and/or phase.  
Colors appear to be separated and there are colored borders on text and icons.  
Have you tuned the video signal and set delays to correct skew? Follow the  
instructions on page 29. See Appendix D for advanced cabling information.  
Check the Interconnect cable between the Remote and Local units. Is it of the  
recommended type (see page 19)? Is it intact along its entire length and securely  
connected at both ends? Is it wired correctly (see page 56)?  
I can’t get enough color delay to correct skew.  
See Appendix D: Advanced Cabling Issues (Skew), page 55.  
I can’t get rid of bright ‘ringing’ after characters.  
See Appendix D: Advanced Cabling Issues (Skew), page 55.  
I only need video extension – not keyboard or mouse - but I can’t get a picture.  
Have you powered the Local unit? The Local unit gets its power from the CPU  
through the keyboard connection and it will not operate without it. Use an external  
5V PSU as described on page 39.  
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TROUBLESHOOTING  
The monitor sometimes goes blank for a second or two.  
Check that the interconnect cable is not routed near power lines or other sources of  
electrical interference. If this is a persistent problem, contact Technical Support.  
Check system grounding.  
The PC won’t boot into the correct graphics mode.  
If your graphics card supports VESA DDC (Display Data Channel), configure the  
graphics driver by explicitly setting the make and model of the monitor. The  
extender does not support plug and play (DDC) monitor selection.  
Jitter is evident on video.  
Adjust the clock and/or phase on your flat-panel. Contact Technical Support if this  
fails to improve the situation.  
Are you testing a system using a coiled drum of CATx cable? Try uncoiling the  
cable. If this solves the video jitter, you should not have a problem after full  
installation.  
The image is not stable and is blanking regularly.  
Re-power the Remote unit.  
Can the extender be used with RGB video?  
Yes, as long as the composite synchronization signal is superimposed on the green  
signal.  
There is a slight color change when I increase delays to correct skew.  
With certain monitors, there may be a slight color change when you increase the  
color delay. This is due to a contrast change on that particular color and may easily  
be compensated for by adjusting the monitor’s color balance.  
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6.2 Keyboard & Mouse  
When I am typing, I get wrong or missing characters on the screen.  
Your keyboard may be in the wrong mode. Use the appropriate commands to reset  
the keyboard and mouse as described in the sections covering Local and Remote  
operation.  
The PC comes up with ‘keyboard error’.  
Press <F1> or <ESC>. If the keyboard now operates correctly, you need to adjust  
the BIOS setup to disable keyboard testing during booting.  
The system does not detect a PS/2 mouse.  
Check that the mouse cable is connected properly and securely. Reboot the system  
When connecting the Local unit to a live system, connect the mouse cable to the  
CPU before keyboard connection to ensure the mouse is enabled correctly.  
The mouse pointer moves erratically.  
Reset the keyboard and mouse as described.  
Issue the Null Mouse command up to three times.  
Ensure that you have the latest driver for your mouse.  
If you are using the extender with a KVM switch, command the switch to reset the  
mouse.  
Quit and restart the application.  
Reboot the PC.  
When I ‘hot-plug’ the Local unit, the mouse no longer moves.  
When connecting the Local unit to a live system, connect the mouse cable to the  
CPU before keyboard connection to ensure the mouse is enabled.  
Some of the mouse buttons don’t work.  
The CATx Extender units support standard 2/3-button mice (with or without a  
wheel). Additional buttons will not operate.  
I have an enhanced keyboard with extra keys and indicators. Everything works apart from  
these additional features.  
As standard, the extender only emulates a generic PS/2 keyboard. To support other  
keyboards (or cascaded KVM switches), special firmware offering a transparent  
mode may be required. Please contact Technical Support to discuss your  
application.  
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TROUBLESHOOTING  
6.3 Audio  
The audio is very quiet.  
The audio I/O is line-level and requires amplified speakers and connection to  
devices providing line-level I/O.  
The audio is loud but distorted.  
Check that the audio input is not greater than line level (4V peak-to-peak). The  
KVM extender accepts line-level audio input only.  
The microphone output is barely audible.  
See Appendix E: Audio/Serial Ports, page 58.  
6.4 Serial  
My serial device does not function.  
The extender supports serial devices at data rates not exceeding 19.2K Baud  
(although 38.4K operation might be possible with certain equipment).  
Check the type of flow control used by the device and CPU. The extender supports  
RTS, CTS, DTR, and DSR. Some systems may require a wiring adapter to transfer  
RI and DCD.  
Attach the device directly to the serial port on the PC and test whether the problem  
is a PC or extender problem.  
Some serial devices cannot be hot-plugged. Try connecting the device to a powered  
Remote unit prior to booting the system.  
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6.5 General Questions  
Is it possible to use a cable length longer than 1000ft (300m)?  
It might be possible to use a cable of up to 1650ft (500m) at lower resolutions.  
However, we do not recommend this and cannot guarantee that it will work.  
Can the extender be daisy chained?  
In certain circumstances, it is possible to cascade extenders, though we do not  
recommend doing so. Careful consideration needs to be given to extender setup,  
and the electrical environment. If you plan to cascade extenders, please contact  
Technical Support.  
Which interconnection cable is best?  
In electrically ‘quiet’ environments, UTP cable will give the best quality video over  
long distances because it has less capacitance per unit length. However, STP is  
usually better in electrically noisy environments, because it resists interference  
more strongly (if it is installed correctly!)  
Can the extender system be used between buildings?  
No. Ground loops could damage the extender system and attached equipment.  
Can multiple Local/Remote units be used by swapping the interconnection cable?  
Local units provide full keyboard and mouse emulation, so it is possible to swap or  
switch the Local-Remote interconnection to create a KVM matrix-switch system.  
Sometimes you may need to reset the keyboard and mouse (by entering the  
appropriate command) after a swap or switch. Please call Technical Support before  
deploying such a system.  
Can the extender be connected into our network?  
Absolutely not. Regardless of the cable similarities, the data signals and voltages  
used by the extender are different from those used by Ethernet and other types of  
networks. Connecting the extender to a LAN hub, switch, repeater, or other  
network device, or exposing it to the signal levels present on network data lines  
may damage the extender and other devices.  
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APPENDIX A: EXAMPLE APPLICATIONS  
Appendix A: Example Applications  
This section illustrates four specific applications using Extender units:  
Six dual-monitor consoles with serial and audio (Figure 13).  
Six remote serial touch screens with Local access through a KVM switch (Figure 14).  
Information distribution system sharing a single PC at up to six remote locations (Figure  
15).  
Extender system with second screen for security monitoring (Figure 16).  
For more specific information about these, or any other complex applications, please discuss  
suitable extension architecture with your Technical Support.  
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ACU1006VRA Extender Hub  
Takes primary video, keyboard,  
mouse, audio and serial signals from  
each CPU (only two shown).  
5V PSU  
ACU1006RA Extender Hub  
Takes secondary video from each  
CPU. 5V PSU required.  
ACURA002A  
Remote units connect  
to KVM console and  
secondary monitor.  
Figure 13  
Dual-monitor consoles with serial and audio extension  
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APPENDIX A: EXAMPLE APPLICATIONS  
ServSwitch√  
Local access ports connect to single  
KVM console through a ServSwitch  
brand KVM switch.  
ACU1006DVRA Extender Hub  
Takes KVM and serial signals  
from each CPU (only two shown).  
ACURA002A  
Remote units connect  
to touch screens.  
Figure 14  
Touch screen network with local access to CPU through  
KVM switch  
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SERVSWITCHBRAND CATX KVM EXTENDER FAMILY  
ACU1006DRA Extender Hub  
CPU connects to Port 1. Local access ports are  
daisy-chained to allow operation from any console  
and/or video to be distributed to multiple locations.  
ACUR001A  
Remote units connect  
to KVM consoles.  
Figure 15  
Information distribution system sharing a single PC  
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APPENDIX A: EXAMPLE APPLICATIONS  
Security System  
Provides secondary  
video input.  
ACU2201A  
Takes KVM signals from  
standard PC and secondary  
video from security system.  
ACUR002A  
Connects to KVM console.  
Secondary monitor used for  
security monitoring.  
Figure 16  
Extender system with second screen for security monitoring  
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Appendix B: Rack Mount Options  
Most of the extender units can be mounted in a 19” rack using one of the two mounting kits:  
RMK19U-X3  
RMK19U-R2  
RMK19U-X3 Mounting Kit  
RMK19U-X3 allows you to mount up to three of the following units across 1U:  
ACUR001A  
ACURA001A  
ACUR002A  
ACURA002A  
ACU2201A  
ACU2222A  
The kit contains one rack plate and M3 countersunk mounting screws.  
To mount a unit:  
1. Remove the feet from the extender unit.  
2. Align the holes on the base plate with the vacant screw holes on the base of the extender  
unit.  
3. Fasten the base of the unit to the plate of the mounting kit using the supplied screws.  
Figure 17  
RMK19U-X3 Mounting Kit  
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APPENDIX B: RACK MOUNT OPTIONS  
RMK19U-R2 Mounting Kit  
RMK19U-R2 allows you to mount one of the following Local units across 1U:  
ACU2001A  
ACU2022A  
ACU2009A  
ACU2028A  
The kit consists of two angled brackets.  
To mount a unit:  
1. Remove the two screws from one side of the unit.  
2. Match up the lower pair of holes on a bracket with the vacant screw holes on the side of  
the unit.  
3. Using the original screws, fasten the mounting brackets to the side of the unit.  
4. Repeat this procedure on the other side of the unit.  
5. Fasten the assembly to the rack unit.  
Figure 18  
RMK19U-R2 Mounting Kit  
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Appendix C: Remote Unit: Flash Upgrading  
& External Configuration  
The Remote unit contains a configuration port accessed through the mouse port. By attaching  
an upgrade cable between this port and the serial port on any PC (or laptop) the Remote unit’s  
firmware may be upgraded. In addition, all configuration settings may be saved, adjusted and  
restored. This could be useful in large system roll-outs where similar length cables are used  
(by avoiding the need to fully set up each Remote unit individually).  
To operate the configuration port, you need:  
A laptop or PC close to the Remote unit running Windows 98 or above. The Remote unit  
only has to be powered and does not need to be connected to the Local unit.  
An upgrade cable connected between the mouse port and the laptop or PC’s serial port  
(Part No: ACUFLH).  
A small software utility called ‘ConfigXt’.  
The firmware upgrade file.  
The application, detailed instructions and firmware upgrades may be downloaded online.  
Please consult Technical Support for details on how to do this.  
Local units are not currently flash-upgradeable.  
Connect the upgrade cable (Part No: ACUFLH) to the Remote unit’s mouse port as shown in  
Figure 19. Follow the instructions supplied with the application.  
Mouse connection  
(optional).  
Connect to  
Mouse port on  
Remote unit  
Connect to laptop/ PC  
serial port  
Figure 19  
Upgrade Cable (Part No: ACUFLH)  
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APPENDIX D: ADVANCED CABLING ISSUES (SKEW)  
Appendix D: Advanced Cabling Issues  
(Skew)  
The suggestions made in this Appendix should only be investigated if you cannot obtain  
satisfactory image quality after configuring the Remote unit (as described in Section 4). The  
techniques described here are usually only necessary when you are operating at the highest  
screen resolution (1600x1200) with long Interconnect cables.  
Dealing with Severe Skew  
The CATx KVM extender provides a maximum skew compensation of 42nS. This is more  
than adequate for most cables. However, it may not be enough if a particularly long cable is  
used that exhibits severe delay skew. In this case, some of the procedures described below  
should be considered. In extreme cases, you should consider using an additional external  
delay line (Model: ACUDLY) or an alternative CATx cable as recommended by Technical  
Support.  
Green Delay  
Introducing delays in the video signals inevitably may cause some distortion. For example, it  
may result in pixels being sampled twice on TFT screens.  
The human eye is extremely sensitive to green distortion. To obtain optimal video  
performance it is best to ensure that no green delay is required. You can visually check the  
relative pair delays by viewing the test card (without any delays applied). The two color bars  
on the left require delaying, but the color bar on the right requires zero delay (slowest) and is  
the reference. Ideally, green should be the reference signal.  
If your system requires a large delay on the green signal, try using a  
crossover patch cable at each end of the link (instead of straight patch cables  
to connect to wall outlets). In many cases, the crossover should transfer the  
delay requirement to the blue signal rather than green. The human eye is  
much less sensitive to blue distortion and so video quality can be improved.  
Check the result using the test card and adjust the delays accordingly. The  
main cable should be wired according to EIA-568B as shown below.  
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Cable Pinning/Pairing  
The following table illustrates which RJ45 connector pins the extenders use for various  
signals. It also details the standard EIA-568B wiring scheme that is recommended for most  
installations.  
Looking into the RJ45 socket on a Remote unit, Pin 1 is on the right and Pin 8 on the left.  
Pin  
Color  
Signal  
(EIA-568B)  
1
2
White/Orange  
Orange/White  
Blue Video  
Green Video  
3
6
White/Green  
Green/White  
4
5
Blue/White  
White/Blue  
Red Video  
Data  
7
8
White/Brown  
Brown/White  
Using a crossover cable (at each end) will put the green video on the orange colored pair and  
the blue video on the green colored pair.  
EIA-568A wiring can also be used. Contact Technical Support for details.  
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APPENDIX D: ADVANCED CABLING ISSUES (SKEW)  
Optimizing Pairs (General Solution)  
Measure pair lengths with a LAN cabling tester (TDR) or view pairs by stripping back a  
small piece of cable and viewing how tightly pairs are twisted. The most tightly twisted pair  
is the slowest (longest) and the loosest pair the fastest (shortest). You can also check the  
relative delays using the test card as described on page 29.  
The table below shows the general solution for optimizing CATx cabling for video in order of  
pair length.  
Pins  
Pair  
Signal  
7 & 8  
1 & 2  
4 & 5  
3 & 6  
Shortest Pair  
3rd Longest Pair  
2nd Longest Pair  
Longest Pair  
Data  
Blue Video  
Red Video  
Green Video  
Some cables have a ‘3+1’ construction where three pairs closely match. The fourth pair  
should be used for data and the other pairs sorted as in the above table.  
Other cables have a ‘2+2’ construction where there are two sets of dissimilar pairs. Put red  
and green on one set (tightest) and blue & data on the other.  
A suitable pair-swapping scheme is easily made using custom wired patch cables at each end.  
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Appendix E: Audio/Serial Ports  
Operation & Multi-Port Configuration  
This appendix describes audio & serial interface operation for those models that have this  
feature:  
ACU2022A  
ACU2028A  
ACU2222A  
ACURA001A  
ACURA002A  
These extender products contain daughter boards that allow bi-directional stereo audio and a  
full-duplex serial data link to be sent across the CATx interconnection cable in addition to  
PS/2 keyboard, mouse and video.  
Serial Interface - Set Up and Operation  
No setting up or user adjustments are required. Please note that on dual access Local units,  
the serial link is always active.  
The Remote unit’s serial port is wired as DTE - the same as that on a PC. To connect a serial  
printer or other DTE (rather than DCE device) to the Remote unit, you will need a Null-  
Modem crossover cable between the Remote unit and the printer. Select Xon/Xoff software  
flow control on the printer and PC.  
A serial touch screen may be plugged directly into the Remote unit.  
Serial Interface – Handling Multiple Serial Devices  
The extender’s serial interface transmits/receives six signals (3 signals in each direction).  
Normally, four of these signals are used for hardware handshaking (in addition to TX & RX).  
However, because each handshaking line can support signals up to 19,200 Baud it is possible  
to configure the serial interface to handle up to three simple 2-wire (Tx/Rx only) serial links.  
To do this, you will need to construct a custom breakout cable. Please contact Technical  
Support for further information.  
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APPENDIX E: AUDIO/SERIAL PORTS  
Audio Interface - Set Up and Operation  
The audio interface is line-level and is designed to take the output from a sound card (or other  
line-level) source and be connected to a set of powered speakers at the other end of the link.  
Stereo audio may be transmitted either way across the link (simultaneously).  
No setup is required unless a microphone is connected to the Remote unit.  
Connect the extender as follows:  
Take the line-level output from your sound card (green connector) and connect to ‘Line  
In’ on the Local unit.  
Connect ‘Line Out’ on the Remote unit to a set of powered speakers.  
Audio Interface – Using a Microphone  
A microphone may be plugged into the ‘Line In’ connector on the Remote unit.  
There are two ways of setting up a microphone:  
The Local unit’s ‘Line Out’ connection should normally be wired to the microphone  
input (Pink) on your sound card. The sound card should then be set up to provide  
additional amplification (+20dB). This is the preferred connection method.  
Alternatively, the Remote unit itself can provide microphone amplification. To set this,  
open up the Remote unit and locate the jumper labeled ‘MIC’ on the daughter board.  
Connect this jumper across the pins. The Local unit’s ‘Line Out’ connection should then  
be wired to ‘Line In’ (Blue) on your sound card.  
If your microphone is already amplified, follow the second method but DO NOT install the  
amplification jumper in the Remote unit.  
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Appendix F: Calling Black Box  
If you determine that your CATx KVM Extender is malfunctioning, do not attempt to alter or  
repair it. It contains no user-serviceable parts. Contact Black Box Technical Support at 724-  
746-5500.  
Before you do, make a record of the history of the problem. We will be able to provide more  
efficient and accurate assistance if you have a complete description, including:  
The firmware-revision level printed on the bottom of the Extender (very important,  
especially for keyboard and mouse problems); The KVM extender’s firmware revision  
level:  
Version Number Format: xxSyy/zz  
xx is the hardware revision number  
yy is the firmware revision number  
zz is the audio/serial board’s revision number.  
The nature and duration of the problem.  
When the problem occurs.  
The components involved in the problem—that is, what type of computers, what type of  
keyboard, brand of mouse, make and model of monitor, type and make of CATx cable,  
etc.  
Any particular application that, when used, appears to create the problem or make it  
worse.  
The results of any testing you’ve already done.  
To solve some problems, it might be necessary to upgrade the Extender’s firmware. If this  
turns out to be the case for your difficulty, our Technical Support technicians will arrange for  
you to receive the new firmware and will tell you how to install it.  
Shipping and Packaging  
If you need to transport or ship your CATx KVM Extender:  
Package it carefully. We recommend that you use the original container.  
If you are shipping it for repair, please include the Remote Unit’s external power supply.  
If you are returning it, please include everything you received with it. Before you ship  
the Extender back to Black Box for repair or return, contact us to get a Return  
Authorization (RA) number.  
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APPENDIX G: SPECIFICATIONS  
Appendix G: Specifications  
Video  
Maximum Resolution  
1600x1200@60Hz over 650ft (200m)  
1280x1024@75Hz over 1000ft (300m)  
Operation at higher resolutions/refresh rates may be  
possible at shorter distances  
Video Compatibility  
Video I/O  
VGA to UXGA, RGB  
0.7V P-P  
Skew Compensation  
15-stage. 42nS Max. 2.8nS per step  
Compensation available on each color  
Video Compensation  
Video Coupling  
Sync I/O  
2-stage. Separate LF & HF Equalizers  
DC  
Separate/Composite TTL Level  
Sync on green  
Sync Polarity is preserved  
Video Input Connectors  
Video Output Connectors  
HD15 (Male) on Single-Head Local units  
DB25 (Female) on Dual-Head Local units (KVM)  
HD15 (Female)  
PC/AT, PS/2  
Keyboard and Mouse  
KB Compatibility  
Mouse Compatibility  
Standard PS/2 two/three button  
Standard wheel mice  
Logitech 3-button PS/2  
KB/Mouse Connectors  
(CPU)  
6-Pin MiniDIN Socket (Single-Head Local)  
DB25 (Female) on Dual-Head Local units  
(KVM)  
KB/Mouse Connectors  
(Device)  
6-Pin MiniDIN Socket  
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Serial Interface  
Max Baud Rate Supported  
Serial Data Format  
19.2K Baud  
Transparent  
Signals Transferred  
TX, RX, RTS, CTS, DTR, DSR  
DB9 Female (DCE)  
DB9 Male (DTE)  
Local Unit Connector  
Remote Unit Connector  
Audio Interface  
Description  
Bi-directional stereo audio link  
Transmission method  
Signal levels  
Digitized virtually CD quality audio (16-bit, 38.4kHz  
Line level (4 Volts Pk-Pk maximum)  
47kΩ  
Input Impedance  
Local Unit Connectors  
Remote Unit connectors  
Microphone Support  
2x3.5mm stereo jack socket (Line In & Line Out)  
2x3.5mm stereo jack socket (Line/Mic In & Line Out)  
Microphone may be connected to Remote Unit  
Pullup resistor provides bias for condenser microphone  
Option to set microphone amplification to +17dB  
Power Requirements  
Local Power Unit  
5V at up to 200mA supplied by PCs PS/2 keyboard port.  
External PSU may also be connected  
Remote Power Supply  
9V Regulated, 10W  
Universal IEC Input  
Isolated Output  
2.5mm DC Jack (Center Positive)  
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APPENDIX G: SPECIFICATIONS  
Size and Shipping Weight  
ACUR001A, ACUR002A  
Remote Unit: 5.5”x5.7”x1.1” (140x145x29mm)  
Shipping Weight: 2.7lb (1.2kg)  
ACURA001A, ACURA002A  
ACU2201A  
Remote Unit: 5.5”x5.7”x1.7” (140x145x44mm) (1U)  
Shipping Weight: 2.9lb (1.3kg)  
Local Unit: 4.3”x5.7”x1.1” (110x146x29mm)  
Remote Unit: 5.5”x5.7”x1.1” (140x145x29mm)  
Shipping Weight: 4.4lb (2.0kg)  
ACU2222A  
Local Unit: 4.3”x5.7”x1.73” (110x146x44mm) (1U)  
Remote Unit: 5.5”x5.7”x1.7” (140x145x44mm) (1U)  
Shipping Weight: 5.5lb (2.5kg)  
ACU2001A, ACU2009A  
ACU2022A, ACU2028A  
Local Unit: 7.8”x3.9”x1.38” (197x100x35mm)  
Remote Unit: 5.5”x5.7”x1.1” (140x145x29mm)  
Shipping Weight: 4.8lb (2.2kg)  
Local Unit: 7.8”x3.9”x1.7” (197 x100x44mm) (1U)  
Remote Unit: 5.5”x5.7”x1.7” (140x145x44mm) (1U)  
Shipping Weight: 5.7lb (2.6kg)  
Environmental  
Operating Temperature  
Storage Temperature  
Relative Humidity  
32 to 104°F (0 to 40 °C)  
-22 to 149°F (-30 to 65 °C)  
5 – 90% non-condensing  
Chassis Construction  
Fully shielded. Black painted steel  
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Customer Support Information:  
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