Agilent Technologies Computer Drive U2761A User Manual

Agilent U2761A  
USB Modular  
Function/Arbitrary  
Waveform Generator  
User’s Guide  
Agilent Technologies  
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Safety Symbols  
The following symbols on the instrument and in the documentation  
indicate precautions which must be taken to maintain safe operation of  
the instrument.  
Direct current (DC)  
Equipment protected throughout by  
double insulation or reinforced  
insulation  
Alternating current (AC)  
Off (supply)  
Both direct and alternating current  
On (supply)  
Three-phase alternating current  
Earth (ground) terminal  
Caution, risk of electric shock  
Caution, risk of danger (refer to this  
manual for specific Warning or Caution  
information)  
Protective conductor terminal  
Caution, hot surface  
Frame or chassis terminal  
Equipotentiality  
Out position of a bi-stable push control  
In position of a bi-stable push control  
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General Safety Information  
The following general safety precautions must be observed during all  
phases of operation of this instrument. Failure to comply with these  
precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere in this manual violates  
safety standards of design, manufacture and intended use of the  
instrument. Agilent Technologies Inc. assumes no liability for the  
customer’s failure to comply with these requirements.  
• Do not operate the product in an explosive atmosphere or in the  
presence of flammable gases or fumes.  
• Do not use the equipment if it does not operate properly. Have the  
equipment inspected by qualified service personnel(s).  
WARNING  
CAUTION  
Observe all markings on the instrument before connecting any wiring to  
the instrument.  
Use the device with the cables provided.  
Repair or service that is not covered in this manual should only be  
performed by qualified personnel(s).  
IV  
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Environment Conditions  
This instrument is designed for indoor use and in the area with low  
condensation. The table below shows the general environmental  
requirements for this instrument.  
Environment conditions Requirements  
Operating temperature  
Operating humidity  
Storage temperature  
Storage humidity  
0 °C to 50 °C  
20 to 85% RH non-condensing  
–20 °C to 70 °C  
5 to 90% RH non-condensing  
The U2761A USB modular function/arbitrary waveform generator  
complies with the following safety and EMC requirements.  
CAUTION  
IEC 61010-1:2001/EN61010-1:2001 (2nd Edition)  
Canada: CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 61010-1-04  
USA: ANSI/UL 61010-1:2004  
IEC 61326-2002/EN 61326:1997+A1:1998+A2:2001+A3:2003  
Canada: ICES-001:2004  
Australia/New Zealand: AS/NZS CISPR11:2004  
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Regulatory Markings  
The CE mark is a registered trademark  
The C-tick mark is a registered  
trademark of the Spectrum  
of the European Community.This CE  
mark shows that the product complies  
with all the relevant European Legal  
Directives.  
Management Agency of Australia.  
This signifies compliance with  
the Australia EMC Framework  
regulations under the terms of the  
Radio Communication Act of 1992.  
ICES/NMB-001 indicates that this  
ISM device complies with Canadian  
ICES-001.  
Cet appareil ISM est confomre a la  
norme NMB-001 du Canada.  
This instrument complies with the  
WEEE Directive (2002/96/EC)  
marking requirement. This affixed  
product label indicates that you must  
not discard this electrical/electronic  
product in domestic household waste.  
The CSA mark is a registered  
trademark of the Canadian Standards  
Association.  
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Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive  
2002/96/EC  
This instrument complies with the WEEE Directive (2002/96/EC) marking  
requirement. This affixed product label indicates that you must not discard  
this electrical/electronic product in domestic household waste.  
Product Category:  
With reference to the equipment types in the WEEE directive Annex 1, this  
instrument is classified as a “Monitoring and Control Instrument” product.  
The affixed product label is shown as below:  
Do not dispose in domestic household waste  
To return this unwanted instrument, contact your nearest Agilent office, or  
visit:  
www.agilent.com/environment/product  
for more information.  
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St  
                                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                                      
anda  
                                                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                                             
rd  
                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                                                
L
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
im  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
it  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
Declaration of Conformity  
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY  
According to EN ISO/IEC 17050-1:2004  
Generic example  
Manufacturer’s Name:  
Manufacturer’s Address:  
Agilent Technologies Microwave Products (M) Sdn. Bhd  
Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone,  
11900, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia  
Declares under sole responsibility that the product as originally delivered  
Product Name:  
Models Number:  
Product Options:  
Agilent USB Modular Function Generator  
U2761A  
This declaration covers all options of the above product(s)  
complies with the essential requirements of the following applicable European Directives, and  
carries the CE marking accordingly:  
Low Voltage Directive (2006/95/EC)  
EMC Directive (2004/108/EC)  
and conforms with the following product standards:  
EMC  
IEC 61326:2002 / EN 61326:1997+A1:1998+A2:2001+A3:2003  
CISPR 11:1990 / EN55011:1990  
Class A Group 1  
4 kV CD, 8 kV AD  
3 V/m, 80-1000 MHz  
0.5 kV signal lines, 1 kV power lines  
0.5 kV line-line, 1 kV line-ground  
3 V, 0.15-80 MHz  
IEC 61000-4-2:1995 / EN 61000-4-2:1995  
IEC 61000-4-3:1995 / EN 61000-4-3:1996  
IEC 61000-4-4:1995 / EN 61000-4-4:1995  
IEC 61000-4-5:1995 / EN 61000-4-5:1995  
IEC 61000-4-6:1996 / EN 61000-4-6:1996  
IEC 61000-4-11:1994 / EN 61000-4-11:1994  
1 cycle / 100%  
Canada: ICES-001:2004  
Australia/New Zealand: AS/NZS CISPR11:2004  
The product was tested in a typical configuration with Agilent Technologies test systems.  
IEC 61010-1:2001 / EN 61010-1:2001  
Canada: CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 61010-1-04  
USA: ANSI/UL 61010-1:2004  
Safety  
206349  
This DoC applies to above-listed products placed on the EU market after:  
08-Jan-2008  
Date  
Tay Eng Su  
Quality Manager  
For further information, please contact your local Agilent Technologies sales office, agent or distributor,  
or Agilent Technologies Deutschland GmbH, Herrenberger Straße 130, 71034 Böblingen, Germany.  
Template: A5971-5302-2, Rev. E  
U2761A  
DoC Revision 1.0  
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Product Regulations  
EMC  
Performance Criteria  
IEC 61326-1:2002 / EN 61326-1:1997+A1:1998+A2:2001+A3:2003  
CISPR 11:1990 / EN 55011:1990 – Group 1 Class A  
IEC 61000-4-2:1995 / EN 61000-4-2:1995 (ESD 4kV CD, 8kV AD)  
IEC 61000-4-3:1995 / EN 61000-4-3:1996 (3V/m, 80% AM)  
IEC 61000-4-4:1995 / EN 61000-4-4:1995 (EFT 0.5kV line-line, 1kV line-earth)  
IEC 61000-4-5:1995 / EN 61000-4-5:1995 (Surge 0.5kV line-line, 1kV line-earth)  
IEC 61000-4-6:1996 / EN 61000-4-6:1996 (3V, 0.15~80 MHz, 80% AM, power line)  
IEC 61000-4-11:1994 / EN 61000-4-11:1994 (Dips 1 cycle, 100%)  
Canada: ICES-001:2004  
A
A
B
A
A
A
Australia/New Zealand: AS/NZS CISPR11:2004  
IEC 61010-1:2001 / EN 61010-1:2001  
Safety  
Canada: CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 61010-1-04  
USA: ANSI/UL 61010-1:2004  
Additional Information:  
The product herewith complies with the essential requirements of the Low Voltage Directive 2006/95/EC and the  
EMC Directive 2004/108/EC and carries the CE Marking accordingly (European Union).  
1Performance Criteria:  
A Pass - Normal operation, no effect.  
B Pass - Temporary degradation, self recoverable.  
C Pass - Temporary degradation, operator intervention required.  
D Fail - Not recoverable, component damage.  
N/A – Not applicable  
Notes:  
Regulatory Information for Canada  
ICES/NMB-001:2004  
This ISM device complies with Canadian ICES-001.  
Cet appareil ISM est confomre à la norme NMB-001 du Canada.  
Regulatory Information for Australia/New Zealand  
This ISM device complies with Australian/New Zealand AS/NZS CISPR11:2004  
U2761A User’s Guide  
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In This Guide…  
1
2
3
Getting Started  
In this chapter, you prepare your system for installation and configuration  
to get started with the U2761A.  
Features and Functions  
In this chapter, you will learn about the functions and features offered by  
the U2761A.  
Characteristics and Specifications  
In this chapter, you will observe the product characteristics and  
specifications.  
X
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Contents  
1
Getting Started  
5
6
E. Connect the Module to Your PC 15  
55-Pin Backplane Connector Pin Configuration 23  
Chassis Installation 24  
2
Features and Functions 25  
Output Configuration 26  
Introduction 26  
Output Function 26  
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Output Termination 36  
Symmetry (Ramp Wave) 40  
Set Output Using SCPI Commands 42  
Pulse Waveform 45  
Pulse Width 46  
Generate Pulse Waveform Using SCPI Commands 48  
To Select AM 49  
Carrier Frequency 51  
To Select FM 55  
Carrier Frequency 57  
Modulating Waveform Frequency 59  
Frequency Deviation 59  
Generate FM Using SCPI Commands 60  
Phase Modulation (PM) 61  
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To Select PM 61  
Carrier Frequency 63  
To Select FSK Modulation 66  
Carrier Waveform 72  
To Select ASK Modulation 76  
Generate ASK Modulation Using SCPI Commands 79  
Frequency Sweep 80  
To Select Sweep 80  
Start Frequency and Stop Frequency 81  
Sweep Mode 82  
Sweep Time 82  
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Set Frequency Sweep Using SCPI Commands 84  
Triggering 85  
Manual Triggering 86  
Set Triggering Using SCPI Commands 90  
Arbitrary Waveforms 91  
3
Product Characteristics 96  
Product Specifications and Characteristics 97  
Index 103  
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List of Figures  
Figure 1-1 55-pin backplane connector pin configuration 23  
Figure 2-1 U2761A soft front panel 28  
Figure 2-2 Top panel view of the U2761A 29  
Figure 2-3 Panel view of the frequency section 30  
Figure 2-4 Panel view of the amplitude section 32  
Figure 2-5 Panel view of the DC offset section 34  
Figure 2-6 Panel view of the Tools menu 37  
Figure 2-8 Panel view of the duty cycle section 39  
Figure 2-10 Panel view of the symmetry section 40  
Figure 2-11 Panel view of the output section 41  
Figure 2-13 Panel view of the pulse width section 46  
Figure 2-14 AM waveform 49  
Figure 2-15 Panel view of AM 50  
Figure 2-16 Panel view of the Arbitrary waveform 51  
Figure 2-17 FM waveform 55  
Figure 2-18 Panel view of FM 56  
Figure 2-19 PM waveform 61  
Figure 2-20 Panel view of PM 62  
Figure 2-21 FSK modulation waveform 66  
Figure 2-22 Panel view of FSK 67  
Figure 2-23 PSK modulation waveform 71  
Figure 2-24 Panel view of PSK 72  
Figure 2-25 ASK modulation waveform 76  
Figure 2-26 Panel view of ASK 77  
Figure 2-27 Frequency sweep 80  
Figure 2-28 Panel view of sweep 81  
Figure 2-29 Trigger input pulse 88  
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Figure 2-30 Trigger output pulse 88  
Figure 2-31 Ramp waveform 91  
Figure 2-32 Waveform download in progress 93  
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List of Tables  
Table 1-1 Synchronous Simultaneous Interface (SSI) connector pin  
description 23  
Table 2-2 Output frequency range 29  
Table 2-3 Carrier frequency for AM 51  
Table 2-4 Carrier frequency for FM 57  
Table 2-5 Carrier frequency for PM 63  
Table 2-6 Carrier frequency for FSK 68  
Table 2-7 “Hop” frequency 69  
Table 2-8 Carrier frequency for PSK 73  
Table 2-9 Carrier frequency for ASK 78  
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Agilent U2761A USB Modular Function/Arbitrary Waveform Generator  
User’s Guide  
1
Product at a Glance  
Product Dimensions  
3
5
Standard Purchase Items  
7
Inspection and Maintenance  
Installation and Configuration  
8
9
This chapter provides the introduction of the U2761A that  
helps you get acquainted with the product and the product  
outlook. This chapter also includes the installation and  
configuration procedures that will help you get started with  
the U2761A.  
Agilent Technologies  
1
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1
Getting Started  
Introduction  
The U2761A is a 20 MHz USB modular function generator  
with Arbitrary waveform and pulse generation capabilities. It  
can operate as a standalone unit or as part of a modular  
unit when used with the U2781A USB modular instrument  
chassis.  
The U2761A adopts the latest direct digital synthesis (DDS)  
technology that digitally creates Arbitrary waveforms and  
frequencies from a single, fixed source frequency. DDS offers  
the precision of a digital control logic; reducing the  
complexity of the generator while increasing the stability.  
Thus, creating a stable, accurate output signal for clean, low  
distortion sine waves with fast rise and fall time up to  
20 MHz and linear Ramp waves up to 200 kHz.  
Various features of the U2761A  
20 MHz Sine and Square waveforms  
Hi-Speed 2.0, USBTMC 488.2 standards  
Sine, Square, Ramp, Triangle, Pulse, and DC waveforms  
14-bit, 50 MSa/s, 64 K-point Arbitrary waveforms  
AM, FM, PM, ASK, FSK, and PSK modulation types  
40 mVpp to 5 Vpp amplitude range for 50 Ω load, and  
80 mVpp to 10 Vpp amplitude range for open circuit  
Pulse generation  
2
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Getting Started  
1
Product at a Glance  
Product Outlook  
Top View  
Bumpers  
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Getting Started  
Front View  
USB indicator  
Power indicator  
10 MHz reference connector  
Trigger in connector  
Output connector  
Trigger out connector  
Rear View  
Fan Ventilation  
55-pin backplane connector  
USB inlet  
Fastening hole for USB cable with locking mechanism  
Power inlet  
4
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Getting Started  
1
Product Dimensions  
Dimensions Without Bumpers  
Top View  
105.00 mm  
175.00 mm  
18.00 mm  
Front View  
25.00 mm  
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1
Getting Started  
Dimensions With Bumpers  
Top View  
117.00 mm  
180.00 mm  
15.00 mm  
Front View  
41.00 mm  
6
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1
Standard Purchase Items  
Verify the following items for the standard purchase of the  
U2761A. If there are any missing or mechanically damaged  
items, contact the nearest Agilent Sales Office.  
12 V, 2 A AC/DC power adapter  
Power cord  
USB Standard-A to Mini-B interface cable  
L-Mount kit (used with modular instrument chassis)  
Agilent Automation-Ready CD (contains the IO Libraries  
Suite)  
Agilent USB Modular Products Quick Start Guide  
Agilent USB Modular Products Reference CD-ROM  
Agilent Measurement Manager Quick Reference Card  
Certificate of Calibration  
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Getting Started  
Inspection and Maintenance  
Initial Inspection  
When you receive your U2761A, inspect the unit for any  
obvious damage such as broken terminals or cracks, dents,  
and scratches on the casing that may occur during shipment.  
If any damage is found, notify the nearest Agilent Sales  
Office immediately. The front of this manual contains the  
warranty information.  
Keep the original packaging in case the U2761A has to be  
returned to Agilent in the future. If you return the U2761A  
for service, attach a tag identifying the owner and model  
number. Also include a brief description of the problem.  
Electrical Check  
The U2761A USB Modular Function/Arbitrary Waveform  
Generator Service Guide will provide the complete  
verification and calibration procedures. The procedures will  
verify to a high level of confidence that the U2761A is  
operating in accordance with its specifications.  
General Maintenance  
Any repair that is not covered in your modular product manuals should  
only be performed by qualified personnel.  
NOTE  
1 Power off your module and remove the power cord and  
I/O cable from your device.  
2 Remove your module from the bumper casing.  
3 Shake off any dirt that may have accumulated on the  
module.  
4 Wipe your module with a dry cloth and install the  
bumper back in place.  
8
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Getting Started  
1
Installation and Configuration  
Installation  
Follow the step-by-step instructions shown in the following  
flowchart to get started with the preparations and  
installations of your U2761A.  
You need to install the IVI-COM driver if you are going to use the U2761A  
with Agilent VEE Pro, LabVIEW, or Microsoft Visual Studio .  
NOTE  
®
F. Verify Your Module Connection  
G. Launch Your Agilent Measurement Manager  
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1
Getting Started  
A. Check Your System  
Prior to any installation or configuration, please ensure that  
your PC meets the following minimum system requirements.  
Processor 1.6 GHz Pentium® IV or higher  
Operating system Windows® XP Professional or Home Edition  
(Service Pack 1 or later), or Windows® 2000 Professional  
(Service Pack 4 or later)  
Browser Microsoft® Internet Explorer 5.01 or higher  
Available RAM 512 MB or higher recommended  
Hard-disk space 1 GB  
Video Super VGA 800×600 (1024×768 recommended)  
Prerequisites Agilent IO Libraries Suite 14.2 or higher  
1
(version 15.0 recommended), Agilent T&M Toolkit Runtime  
2
version 2.1 , Agilent T&M Toolkit Redistributable Package 2.1  
2
2
patch , Microsoft® .NET Framework version 1.1 and 2.0  
1 Available on Agilent Automation-Ready CD.  
2 Bundled with Agilent Measurement Manager application software installer.  
10  
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Getting Started  
1
B. Install the IO Libraries Suite  
The IO Libraries Suite 14.2 or higher is available on the  
Agilent Automation-Ready CD that comes with the standard  
purchase of the U2761A.  
If you do not have the Agilent Automation-Ready CD, obtain the IO  
Libraries Suite 14.2 or higher at http://www.agilent.com/find/iolib.  
NOTE  
Disconnect any USB instruments or connectivity interface from your  
PC.  
1 Close all other applications on your PC, insert the Agilent  
Automation-Ready CD into your CD-ROM drive, and follow  
the instructions on your screen.  
2 If the IO Libraries Suite installation does not start  
automatically, go to Start > Run (on the Windows Start  
menu) and type <drive>:\autorun\auto.exe where  
<drive>is your CD-ROM drive location.  
3 If you obtain the IO Libraries Suite from the web, save  
the self-extracting zip file (*.exe) to any location on your  
hard disk.  
4 Double-click the installation file to launch the installation.  
5 Follow the instructions on your screen to proceed with  
the installation.  
6 After the installation has completed, you will see the IO  
Control icon on the Windows taskbar notification area as  
shown below.  
For detailed installation instructions, refer to the Agilent IO Libraries Suite  
Getting Started Guide at http://www.agilent.com/find/iolib.  
NOTE  
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1
Getting Started  
C. Install the Module Driver  
Please ensure that there are no instruments connected to the PC when  
installing the driver.  
NOTE  
1 Verify that your PC meets the minimum system  
requirements as stated in “A. Check Your System” on  
page 10.  
2 Insert the Product Reference CD-ROM into your CD-ROM  
drive.  
3 The installer will automatically launch the Agilent Modular  
Products Installation Menu. Click Hardware Driver to begin the  
installation.  
4 If the menu does not launch automatically, go to Start >  
Run (on the Windows Start menu) and type <drive>:\  
Driver\Hardware\setup_Hw.exe where <drive>is  
your CD-ROM drive location. Click OK to begin the  
installation.  
5 Follow the instructions on the screen and click Next to  
proceed.  
12  
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Getting Started  
1
6 Click Install to begin the installation. Follow the  
instructions on the screen to proceed with the  
installation.  
7 Click Finish when the installation has completed.  
D. Install the Agilent Measurement Manager  
1 If you have done “C. Install the Module Driver” on  
page 12, proceed to Step 2. If not, close all other  
applications on your PC and insert the Product Reference  
CD-ROM into your CD-ROM drive.  
2 Click Measurement Manager on the U2761A Installation Menu to  
begin the installation.  
3 If the installation menu does not appear after a few  
seconds, go to Start > Run and type <drive>:\  
Application\Modular Instruments Measurement  
Manager\setup.exe where <drive> is your CD-ROM  
drive location.  
4 Click OK to begin the installation.  
5 If you do not have any of the prerequisites installed, the  
InstallShield Wizard software prerequisite will appear.  
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1
Getting Started  
6 Click OK to begin the installation of the listed missing  
prerequisites.  
7 Once the above installation has completed, installation of  
the Measurement Manager software will proceed as  
normal.  
8 The Measurement Manager InstallShield Wizard dialog will  
appear. Click Next to begin.  
9 Read the License Agreement and select I accept the terms in  
the License Agreement to proceed. You may click Print to  
print a hardcopy of the Agilent License Terms for  
reference. Click Next to proceed.  
10 Fill in the Customer Information Form accordingly and  
click Next.  
11 Click Next to install to the specified folder or click Change  
to install to a different folder.  
12 Click Install to begin the installation of the Measurement  
Manager.  
13 Click Finish when the installation has completed.  
14 A shortcut to this software will be created on your  
desktop.  
USING THE LICENSED MATERIALS INDICATES YOUR ACCEPTANCE OF  
THE LICENSE TERMS. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO ALL OF THESE TERMS,  
YOU MAY RETURN ANY UNOPENED LICENSED MATERIAL FOR A FULL  
REFUND. IF THE LICENSED MATERIALS ARE BUNDLED OR PRELOADED  
WITH ANOTHER PRODUCT, YOU MAY RETURN THE ENTIRE UNUSED  
PRODUCT FOR A FULL REFUND.  
NOTE  
using  
14  
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Getting Started  
1
E. Connect the Module to Your PC  
Ensure that the Agilent Measurement Manager is installed before  
proceeding.  
NOTE  
1 After the installations have completed, connect the power  
cord to the AC/DC power adapter. The AC/DC power  
adapter requirements are 100 to 240 VAC, 50/60 Hz, with  
an output voltage of +12 VDC.  
2 Insert the DC output plug from the AC/DC power adapter  
to the power jack on the rear panel of the U2761A.  
3 Connect the U2761A to any USB port on your PC with  
the bundled USB cable.  
4 Your PC will automatically detect the connected unit and  
the Found New Hardware Wizard window will appear. Select  
Yes, this time only and click Next to proceed.  
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1
Getting Started  
5 Select Install the software automatically (Recommended) and  
click Next.  
6 A warning message will appear on the Hardware Installation  
window. Click Continue Anyway to proceed with the  
installation of the U2761A.  
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If you do not wish to receive similar warning messages in the future,  
follow the instructions below.  
NOTE  
Go to Start > Control Panel and double-click System.  
Select the Hardware tab and click Driver Signing on the Drivers panel.  
The Driver Signing Options dialog box will appear.  
Select Ignore to disable the warning message.  
7 Click Finish to complete the installation.  
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8 The Assign USB device alias window will appear. Each time  
the U2761A is plugged in, this dialog box will appear. To  
disable this dialog, select the Never show this dialog option  
in the Show this dialog panel and click OK.  
9 For modules other than the U2300A Series, U2500A  
Series, U2600A Series, and U2781A, the system will  
perform a firmware version check on your connected  
module.  
a If the module firmware version is the same as the  
installed version on the PC, it will not perform any  
firmware download and the U2761A is now ready for  
use.  
b If the module firmware version differs from the  
installed version on the PC, the following message box  
will appear. Firmware versions (V1.00 and V1.01) in the  
figure are for illustration purpose only, it might vary  
depending on the device and PC firmware version.  
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c Click Yes to begin the firmware download. The  
following message box will appear indicating the  
download in progress.  
Ensure that you do not remove the USB and power connection until the  
firmware download has completed.  
NOTE  
d Your U2761A is ready for use once the firmware  
download has completed.  
F. Verify Your Module Connection  
The Agilent Connection Expert is one of the utilities in the  
IO Libraries. The Connection Expert configures the  
connected instruments and enables communication. It is able  
to automatically detect the U2761A devices plugged into the  
PC.  
1 Go to Start > All Programs > Agilent IO Libraries Suite > Agilent  
Connection Expert to launch the Connection Expert.  
2 The detected U2761A will be visible on the Instrument I/O  
on this PC explorer pane. Right-click on the U2761A  
instrument on the explorer pane.  
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Getting Started  
3 A context menu will appear as shown below and select  
Send Commands To This Instrument.  
4 The Agilent Interactive IO dialog box will appear. Click Send &  
Read to send the *IDN? default command. The  
instrument’s response should appear in the Instrument  
Session History panel.  
5 If the Connection Expert can successfully communicate  
with the U2761A, this indicates that the instrument is  
installed correctly.  
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G. Launch Your Agilent Measurement Manager  
The IO Control will launch automatically when you start your PC.  
NOTE  
Launching the Measurement Manager without the IO Control running  
will cause failure of the Measurement Manager to detect or establish  
any connection with the U2761A connected to your PC.  
To run the IO Control, go to Start > All Programs > Agilent IO  
Libraries Suite > Utilities > IO Control.  
1 Double-click the Measurement Manager software icon on  
your desktop or go to Start > All Programs > Agilent > Modular  
Products > Agilent Measurement Manager to launch the  
software.  
2 The Measurement Manager welcome screen will appear.  
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Getting Started  
3 The Select USB Device dialog box will appear displaying the  
connected U2761A devices. To start the application, select  
a U2761A device and click OK to establish the connection.  
For more information on how to use the Measurement Manager, refer to  
the Agilent Measurement Manager help file.  
NOTE  
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55-Pin Backplane Connector Pin Configuration  
The 55-pin backplane connector is used when the U2761A  
module is inserted into the U2781A USB modular instrument  
chassis. For more details, refer to the Agilent U2781A USB  
Modular Instrument Chassis User's Guide.  
GND  
NC  
GND  
NC  
GND  
NC  
GND  
NC  
GND GND  
NC NC  
GND  
NC  
GND GND  
NC VBUS  
GND  
GND  
GND  
GND  
USB_D–  
USB_D+  
GND  
F
E
GND TRIG3  
TRIG4 GND  
GND  
TRIG5  
TRIG2  
GND  
GND TRIG1 GND TRIG0 GND  
D
C
B
A
TRIG6 GND TRIG7 GND +12 V +12 V  
nBPUB CLK10M GND STAR_TRIG GA2  
GA1  
NC  
6
GA0  
NC  
5
NC +12 V +12 V  
NC +12 V +12 V  
+12 V  
+12 V  
1
NC  
NC  
NC  
NC  
NC  
11  
10  
9
8
7
4
3
2
Figure 1-1 55-pin backplane connector pin configuration  
Table 1-1 Synchronous Simultaneous Interface (SSI) connector pin  
description  
SSI timing signal  
GND  
Functionality  
Ground  
NC  
Not connected  
VBUS  
USB bus power sensing input  
USB differential pair  
Trigger bus  
USB_D+, USB_D–  
TRIG0~TRIG7  
+12 V  
+12 V power with 4 A current  
USB backplane input detect  
10 MHz clock source  
Star trigger  
nBPUB  
CLK10M  
STAR_TRIG  
GA0,GA1,GA2  
Geographical address pin  
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Getting Started  
Chassis Installation  
The L-mount kit is to be installed to your U2761A module.  
The following instructions describe the simple procedure of  
installing the L-mount kit and your module in the U2781A  
chassis.  
1 Unpack the L-mount kit from its packaging.  
2 Remove your U2761A module from the bumper casing.  
3 Using a Phillips screwdriver, fasten the L-Mount kit to  
your U2761A module.  
4 Insert your U2761A module into the U2781A chassis with  
the 55-pin backplane connector positioned at the bottom  
of the module.  
5 Once you have slotted the module into the chassis, tighten  
the screws of the L-mount kit to secure the connection.  
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Agilent U2761A USB Modular Function/Arbitrary Waveform Generator  
User’s Guide  
2
Pulse Waveform 45  
Frequency-Shift Keying (FSK) Modulation 66  
Phase-Shift Keying (PSK) Modulation 71  
Amplitude-Shift Keying (ASK) Modulation 76  
Frequency Sweep 80  
Triggering 85  
Arbitrary Waveforms 91  
In this chapter, you will learn about the functions and  
features offered by the U2761A.  
Agilent Technologies  
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Features and Functions  
Output Configuration  
Introduction  
This section contains the information to help you configure  
the U2761A for outputting waveforms. You may not need to  
change some of the parameters discussed here, but they are  
provided so that you will have accessibility when needed.  
Output Function  
The U2761A can output five standard waveforms (Sine,  
Square, Ramp, Triangle, and Pulse), and DC. You can select  
one of the three built-in Arbitrary waveforms or create your  
own custom waveforms. In addition, you can internally  
modulate Sine, Square, Ramp, Triangle, and Arbitrary  
waveforms using AM, FM, PM, FSK, PSK, or ASK. The linear  
or logarithmic frequency sweeping is available for Sine,  
Square, Ramp, Triangle, and Arbitrary waveforms.  
The table below shows which output functions are allowed  
with modulation and sweep. Each “V” indicates a valid  
combination. If you change to a function that is not  
applicable for modulation, or sweep; then the modulation or  
mode will be disabled.  
Table 2-1 Output functions  
Sine  
V
Square  
Ramp  
Triangle  
Pulse  
DC  
Arbitrary  
AM, FM, PM, FSK, PSK, ASK Carrier  
AM, FM, PM Internal Modulation  
FSK, PSK, ASK Internal Modulation  
Sweep Mode  
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
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Features and Functions  
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Function Limitation  
If you change to a function where the maximum frequency is  
less than the current function, the frequency will be  
adjusted to the maximum value for the new function.  
For example, if you are currently outputting a 20 MHz sine  
wave and then change to the Ramp function, the U2761A  
will automatically adjusts the output frequency to 200 kHz  
(the upper limit for Ramp).  
Amplitude Limitation  
If you change to a function where the maximum amplitude  
is less than the current function, the amplitude will  
automatically be adjusted to the maximum value for the new  
function. This may occur when the output units are Vrms or  
dBm due to the differences in crest factor for the various  
output functions.  
For example, if you output a 2.5 Vrms Square wave (into  
50 Ω) and then change to the Sine wave function, the  
U2761A will automatically be adjusted the output amplitude  
to 1.768 Vrms (the upper limit for Sine wave in Vrms).  
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Features and Functions  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
The following figure shows the soft front panel of the  
U2761A.  
Waveform pattern selection  
Waveform parameters  
Figure 2-1 U2761A soft front panel  
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Features and Functions  
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To select a function, click any of the functions on the top  
panel as shown below. When a function is selected, the  
button will be illuminated.  
Figure 2-2 Top panel view of the U2761A  
Click Arb  
to output the Arbitrary waveform. Select  
other Arbitrary waveform choices from the drop down list  
.
Remote Interface Operation  
FUNCtion {SINusoid|SQUare|RAMP|PULSe|DC|USER}  
You can also use the APPLy command to select the function,  
frequency, amplitude, and offset.  
Output Frequency  
As shown below, the output frequency range depends on the  
function currently selected. The default frequency is 1 kHz for  
all functions.  
Table 2-2 Output frequency range  
Function  
Sine  
Minimum frequency  
1 μHz  
Maximum frequency  
20 MHz  
Square  
Ramp, Triangle  
Pulse  
1 μHz  
20 MHz  
1 μHz  
200 kHz  
500 μHz  
5 MHz  
DC  
Not applicable  
1 μHz  
Not applicable  
200 kHz  
Arbitrary  
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Features and Functions  
Function Limitations  
If you change to a function where the maximum frequency is  
less than the current function, the frequency will be  
adjusted to the maximum value for the new function.  
For example, if you are currently outputting a 20 MHz sine  
wave and then change to the Ramp function, the U2761A  
will automatically adjusts the output frequency to 200 kHz  
(the upper limit for Ramp).  
Duty Cycle Limitations  
For Square waveforms, the U2761A may not be able to use  
the full range of duty cycle values at higher frequencies as  
shown below.  
20% to 80% (frequency 10 MHz)  
40% to 60% (frequency > 10 MHz)  
If you change to a frequency that cannot produce the  
current duty cycle, the duty cycle is automatically adjusted  
to the maximum value for the new frequency.  
For example, if you currently have the duty cycle set to 70%  
and then change the frequency to 12 MHz, the U2761A will  
automatically adjusts the duty cycle to 60% (the upper limit  
for this frequency).  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
On the Frequency panel as shown in Figure 2-3, input the  
desired frequency value and select the unit from the drop  
down list. To set the waveform period instead, select Period  
.
Figure 2-3 Panel view of the frequency section  
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Remote Interface Operation  
FREQuency <frequency>  
You can also use the APPLy command to select the function,  
frequency, amplitude, and offset.  
Output Amplitude  
The default amplitude is 1 Vpp (into 50 Ω) for all functions.  
Offset Voltage Limitations  
The relation between the output amplitude and offset voltage  
is shown below. Vmax is the maximum peak voltage for the  
selected output termination (5 V for a 50 Ω load or 10 V for  
a high-impedance load).  
V
2 × (V  
V  
offset  
)
pp  
max  
Limits Due to Output Termination  
If you change the output termination setting, the value of  
the output amplitude will be adjusted (and no error will be  
generated).  
For example, if you set the amplitude to 5 Vpp and then  
change the output termination from 50 Ω to “high  
impedance”, the amplitude value will double to 10 Vpp. If  
you change from “high impedance” to 50 Ω, the displayed  
amplitude value will drop to half. For more information, see  
“Output Termination” on page 36.  
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Features and Functions  
Limits Due to Units Selection  
In some cases, the amplitude limits are determined by the  
output units selected. This may occur when the units are  
Vrms or dBm due to the differences in crest factor for the  
various output functions.  
For example, if you output a 2.5 Vrms Square wave (into  
50 Ω) and then change to the Sine wave function, the  
U2761A will automatically adjusts the output amplitude to  
1.768 Vrms (the upper limit for Sine wave in Vrms).  
You can set the output amplitude in Vpp, Vrms, or dBm. For  
more information, see “Output Units” on page 35.  
You cannot specify the output amplitude in dBm if the  
output termination is set to “high impedance”.  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
On the Amplitude panel as shown in Figure 2-4, input the  
desired amplitude value and select the unit from the drop  
down list.  
Figure 2-4 Panel view of the amplitude section  
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Remote Interface Operation  
VOLTage <amplitude>  
Or, you can set the amplitude by specifying a high level and  
low level using the following commands.  
VOLTage:HIGH <voltage>  
VOLTage:LOW <voltage>  
You can also use the APPLy command to select the function,  
frequency, amplitude, and offset.  
DC Offset Voltage  
The default offset is 0 V for all functions.  
Limits Due to Amplitude  
The relation between the offset voltage and output amplitude  
is shown below. Vmax is the maximum peak voltage for the  
selected output termination (5 V for a 50 Ω load or 10 V for  
a high-impedance load).  
V
pp  
--------  
V
V  
offset  
max  
2
If the specified offset voltage is not valid, the U2761A will  
automatically adjusts it to the maximum DC voltage allowed  
with the specified amplitude.  
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Features and Functions  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
On the Offset panel as shown in Figure 2-5, input the  
desired offset value and select the unit from the drop down  
list.  
Figure 2-5 Panel view of the DC offset section  
Remote Interface Operation  
VOLTage:OFFSet <offset>  
Or, you can set the offset by specifying a high level and low  
level using the following commands.  
VOLTage:HIGH <voltage>  
VOLTage:LOW <voltage>  
You can also use the APPLy command to select the function,  
frequency, amplitude, and offset.  
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Output Units  
This configuration applies to output amplitude only. At  
power-on, the units for output amplitude are volts  
peak-to-peak.  
The output units consist of Vpp, Vrms, or dBm. The  
default unit is Vpp.  
The unit setting is stored in volatile memory. The units  
are set to “Vpp” upon power-off or after a remote  
interface reset.  
The output units for amplitude cannot be set to dBm if  
the output termination is currently set to  
“high impedance”. The units are automatically converted  
to Vpp.  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
On the Amplitude panel as shown in Figure 2-4, input the  
desired amplitude value and select the unit from the drop  
down list.  
Remote Interface Operation  
VOLTage:UNIT {VPP|VRMS|DBM}  
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Features and Functions  
Output Termination  
This configuration applies to output amplitude and offset  
voltage only. The U2761A has a fixed series output  
impedance of 50 Ω to the device output connector. If the  
actual load impedance is different from the specified value,  
the amplitude and offset levels will be incorrect.  
The range of the output termination is 1 Ω to 10 kΩ, or  
Infinite. The default value is 50 Ω.  
The output termination setting is stored in volatile  
memory and upon power-off or after a remote interface  
reset, the setting will return to a default value.  
If you specify a 50 Ω termination but are actually  
terminating into an open circuit, the actual output will be  
twice the value specified.  
For example, if you set the offset to 100 mVDC (and  
specify a 50 Ω load) but are terminating the output into  
an open circuit, the actual offset will be 200 mVDC.  
If you change the output termination setting, the output  
amplitude and offset levels are automatically adjusted (no  
error will be generated).  
For example, if you set the amplitude to 5 Vpp and then  
change the output termination from 50 Ω to “high  
impedance”, the amplitude value will double to 10 Vpp. If  
you change from “high impedance” to 50 Ω, the displayed  
amplitude value will drop to half.  
You cannot specify the output amplitude in dBm if the  
output termination is currently set to “high impedance”.  
The units are automatically converted to Vpp.  
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Soft Front Panel Operation  
Click Tools and select Waveform Gen as shown in the following.  
Figure 2-6 Panel view of the Tools menu  
Then, select the Output Setup tab, input the desired load  
impedance value on the Impedance Load panel and select  
the unit from the drop down list, or select High Z  
for  
high impedance load.  
Remote Interface Operation  
OUTPut:LOAD {<ohms>|INFinity}  
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Features and Functions  
Duty Cycle (Square Waves)  
The duty cycle of a Square wave represents the amount of  
time per cycle that the Square wave is at a high level  
(assuming that the waveform is not inverted).  
20% Duty Cycle  
80% Duty Cycle  
Figure 2-7 Square wave duty cycles  
Refer to “Pulse Waveform” on page 45 for the information on  
the duty cycle for Pulse waveforms.  
Duty Cycle  
20% to 80% (frequency 10 MHz)  
40% to 60% (frequency > 10 MHz)  
The duty cycle is stored in volatile memory where the duty  
cycle is set to default 50% upon power-off or after a remote  
interface reset.  
The duty cycle setting is stored when you change from  
Square wave to another function. Thus, when you return to  
the Square function, the previous duty cycle is used.  
Limits Due to Frequency  
If the Square wave function is selected and you change to a  
frequency that cannot produce the current duty cycle, the  
duty cycle is automatically adjusted to the maximum value  
for the new frequency.  
For example, if you currently have the duty cycle set to 70%  
and then change the frequency to 12 MHz, the U2761A will  
automatically adjusts the duty cycle to 60% (the upper limit  
for this frequency).  
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The duty cycle setting does not apply to a Square waveform  
used as the modulating waveform for AM, FM, or PM. A 50%  
duty cycle is always used for a modulating Square waveform.  
The duty cycle setting applies only to a Square waveform  
carrier.  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
After selecting Square  
at the top panel as shown in  
Figure 2-2, on the Duty Cycle panel below, input the desired  
duty cycle value.  
Figure 2-8 Panel view of the duty cycle section  
Remote Interface Operation  
FUNCtion:SQUare:DCYCle <percent>  
The APPLy command automatically sets the duty cycle to  
50%.  
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Features and Functions  
Symmetry (Ramp Wave)  
This configuration applies to Ramp wave only. Symmetry  
represents the amount of time per cycle that the Ramp wave  
is rising (assuming that the waveform is not inverted).  
0% Symmetry  
100% Symmetry  
Figure 2-9 Ramp wave duty cycles  
The symmetry percentage is stored in volatile memory  
where the symmetry is set to default 100% upon power-off  
or after a remote interface reset.  
The symmetry setting is stored when you change from  
Ramp wave to another function. Thus, when you return to  
the Ramp function, the previous symmetry is used.  
If you select a Ramp waveform as the modulating  
waveform for AM, FM, or PM, the symmetry setting does  
not apply.  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
After selecting Ramp  
at the top panel as shown in  
Figure 2-2, on the Symmetry panel below, input the desired  
symmetry value.  
Figure 2-10 Panel view of the symmetry section  
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Remote Interface Operation  
FUNCtion:RAMP:SYMMetry <percent>  
The APPLy command automatically sets the symmetry to  
100%.  
Output Control  
You can disable or enable the soft front panel output  
control. By default, the output is disabled at power-on. When  
enabled, the Output button is illuminated.  
If an excessive external voltage is applied to the device  
output connector, the output will be disabled. To re-enable  
the output, remove the overload from the output connector  
and click Output  
to enable the output.  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
Click Output  
to enable or disable the output as shown  
in Figure 2-11.  
Figure 2-11 Panel view of the output section  
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Features and Functions  
Remote Interface Operation  
OUTPut {0|OFF|1|ON}  
The APPLy command overrides the current setting and  
automatically enables the output control.  
Set Output Using SCPI Commands  
The following SCPI commands show a sample procedure of  
generating output.  
Example 1, To output a DC voltage  
-> *CLS; *RST  
//To reset the U2761A to default  
power-on state, this command  
can be ignored if this operation  
is not required.  
-> FUNC DC  
//Sets the output to DC.  
-> VOLT:OFFS 1  
//Sets the output DC offset voltage  
to 1 VDC.  
-> OUTP:LOAD INF  
-> OUTP ON  
//Changes the output termination  
to infinity.  
//Turns on output.  
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Example 2, To output a Sine wave  
-> *CLS; *RST  
//To reset the U2761A to default  
power-on state, this command can  
be ignored if this operation is not  
required.  
-> FUNC SIN  
-> VOLT 5 VPP  
-> FREQ 1000  
-> VOLT:OFFS 0  
-> OUTP ON  
//Sets the output to Sine wave.  
//Sets the output amplitude to 5 Vpp.  
//Sets the output frequency to 1 kHz.  
//Sets the output offset to 0.  
//Turns on output.  
Example 3, To output a Square wave  
-> *CLS; *RST  
//To reset the U2761A to  
default power-on state,  
this command can be  
ignored if this operation  
is not required.  
-> APPL:SQU 2000,5 VPP,0 //Sets the output to Square  
wave, frequency 2 kHz,  
amplitude  
5 Vpp, offset 0.  
-> FUNC:SQU:DCYC 30  
-> OUTP ON  
//Changes the duty cycle to  
30%.  
//Turns on output.  
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Features and Functions  
Example 4, To output a Ramp wave  
-> *CLS; *RST  
//To reset the U2761A to default  
power-on state, this command  
can be ignored if this operation  
is not required.  
-> FUNC RAMP  
-> VOLT 5 VPP  
//Sets the output to Ramp wave.  
//Sets the output amplitude to  
5 Vpp.  
-> FREQ 10000  
-> VOLT:OFFS 0  
//Sets the output frequency to  
10 kHz.  
//Sets the output offset to 0.  
-> FUNC:RAMP:SYMM 50 //Changes the symmetry to 50%.  
-> OUTP ON //Turns on output.  
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Features and Functions  
2
Pulse Waveform  
As shown below, a Pulse waveform consists of a period, a  
pulse width, a rising edge, and a falling edge.  
90%  
90%  
50%  
50%  
Pulse width  
Period  
10%  
Rise time  
10%  
Fall time  
Figure 2-12 Pulse waveform  
Pulse Period  
The range of the pulse period is from 200 ns to 2000 s. The  
default value is 1 ms. The U2761A will adjusts the pulse  
width as necessary to accommodate the specified period.  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
After selecting Pulse  
Figure 2-2, on the Frequency panel as shown in Figure 2-3,  
select Period , input the desired pulse period value,  
at the top panel as shown in  
and then select the unit from the drop down list.  
Remote Interface Operation  
PULSe:PERiod <seconds>  
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Features and Functions  
Pulse Width  
The pulse width represents the time from the 50% threshold  
of the pulse’s rising edge to the 50% threshold of the next  
falling edge.  
The range of the pulse width is 40 ns to <2000 s (see  
restrictions below). The default pulse width is 500 μs.  
The minimum pulse width (Wmin) is affected by the  
period.  
Wmin = 40 ns for period 10 s  
Wmin = 200 ns for period > 10 s, but 100 s  
Wmin = 2 μs for period > 100 s, but 1000 s  
Wmin = 20 μs for period > 1000 s  
The specified pulse width must also be less than the  
difference between the period and the minimum pulse  
width as shown in the equation below. The U2761A will  
adjusts the pulse width as necessary to accommodate the  
Pulse Width Period – Wmin  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
After selecting Pulse  
at the top panel as shown in  
Figure 2-2, on the Width panel below, input the desired  
pulse width value and select the unit from the drop down  
list.  
Figure 2-13 Panel view of the pulse width section  
Remote Interface Operation  
FUNCtion:PULSe:WIDTh <seconds>  
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2
Pulse Duty Cycle  
The pulse duty cycle is defined as:  
Duty Cycle = 100 × Pulse Width / Period  
where the pulse width represents the time from the 50%  
threshold of the rising edge of the pulse to the 50%  
threshold of the next falling edge.  
Pulse duty cycle: >0% to <100% (see restrictions below).  
The default is 50%.  
The specified pulse duty cycle must conform to the  
following restrictions determined by the minimum pulse  
width (Wmin). The U2761A will adjust the pulse duty  
cycle as needed to accommodate the specified period.  
Duty Cycle 100 × Wmin / Period  
and  
Duty Cycle 100 × (1 – Wmin / Period)  
where:  
Wmin = 40 ns for period 10 s.  
Wmin = 200 ns for period > 10 s, but 100 s.  
Wmin = 2 μs for period > 100 s, but 1000 s.  
Wmin = 20 μs for period > 1000 s.  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
After selecting Pulse  
Figure 2-2, select Duty Cycle  
at the top panel as shown in  
as shown in  
Figure 2-13 and input the desired pulse duty cycle value on  
the Duty Cycle panel.  
Remote Interface Operation  
FUNCtion:PULSe:DCYCle <percent>  
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Features and Functions  
Generate Pulse Waveform Using SCPI Commands  
Example 1  
-> *CLS; *RST  
//To reset the U2761A to default  
power-on state, this command  
can be ignored if this operation  
is not required.  
-> FUNC PULS  
-> VOLT 5 VPP  
//Sets the output to Pulse wave.  
//Sets the output amplitude to  
5 Vpp.  
-> VOLT:OFFS 0  
-> PULS:PER 1  
//Sets the output offset to 0.  
//Sets the pulse period to 1 s.  
-> FUNC:PULS:DCYC 50 //Set the pulse duty cycle to 50%.  
-> OUTP ON //Turns on output.  
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Features and Functions  
2
Amplitude Modulation (AM)  
A modulated waveform consists of a carrier waveform and a  
modulating waveform. An example of the AM waveform is  
shown in Figure 2-14. In AM, the amplitude of the carrier is  
varied by the instantaneous voltage of the modulating  
waveform. The amount of amplitude modulation is called the  
modulation depth which refers to the portion of the  
amplitude range that will be used by the modulation.  
Modulating frequency  
AM depth  
Figure 2-14 AM waveform  
To Select AM  
The U2761A allows only one modulation mode at a time. The  
U2761A does not allow modulation when sweep is enabled.  
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Features and Functions  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
Click Mod  
and then select AM  
as shown in  
Figure 2-15. To output the AM waveform, configure the  
settings for the carrier frequency, modulating frequency,  
depth, output amplitude, offset voltage, and the desired  
waveform.  
Figure 2-15 Panel view of AM  
Remote Interface Operation  
AM:STATe {0|OFF|1|ON}  
Carrier Waveform  
The AM carrier waveform consists of Sine, Square, Ramp,  
Triangle, or Arbitrary waveform. The default waveform is  
Sine wave. You cannot use Pulse or DC as the carrier  
waveform.  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
For Arbitrary waveform, select Arb  
at the top panel  
as shown in Figure 2-2 and then select the desired  
waveform from the drop down list  
Figure 2-16.  
as shown in  
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Figure 2-16 Panel view of the Arbitrary waveform  
Remote Interface Operation  
FUNCtion {SINusoid|SQUare|RAMP|USER}  
You can also use the APPLy command to select the function,  
frequency, amplitude, and offset.  
Carrier Frequency  
The maximum carrier frequency depends on the selected  
function as shown below. The default frequency is 1 kHz for  
all functions.  
Table 2-3 Carrier frequency for AM  
Function  
Sine  
Minimum frequency  
Maximum frequency  
20 MHz  
1 μHz  
1 μHz  
1 μHz  
1 μHz  
Square  
20 MHz  
Ramp, Triangle  
Arbitrary  
200 kHz  
200 kHz  
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Features and Functions  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
On the Frequency panel as shown in Figure 2-3, input the  
desired frequency value and select the unit from the drop  
down list.  
Remote Interface Operation  
FREQuency <frequency>  
You can also use the APPLy command to select the function,  
frequency, amplitude, and offset.  
Modulating Waveform  
The modulating waveform consists of Sine, Square, Ramp,  
Negative Ramp (Nramp), Triangle, or Arbitrary waveform.  
The default modulating waveform is Sine wave.  
Square has 50% duty cycle  
Ramp has 100% symmetry  
Triangle has 50% symmetry  
Negative Ramp has 0% symmetry  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
Select the desired modulating waveform from the drop down  
list  
as shown in Figure 2-15.  
Remote Interface Operation  
AM:INTernal:FUNCtion  
{SINusoid|SQUare|RAMP|NRAMp|TRIangle|USER}  
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2
Modulating Waveform Frequency  
The range of the modulating waveform frequency is 2 mHz  
to 20 kHz. The default modulating waveform frequency is  
100 Hz.  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
On the Mod Frequency panel as shown in Figure 2-15, input  
the desired modulating frequency value and select the unit  
from the drop down list.  
Remote Interface Operation  
AM:INTernal:FREQuency <frequency>  
Modulation Depth  
The modulation depth is expressed in percentage and  
represents the extent of the amplitude variation. At 0%  
depth, the output amplitude is half of the selected value. At  
100% depth, the output amplitude equals the selected value.  
The range of the modulation depth is 0% to 100%. The  
default modulation depth is 100%.  
At 100% depth, the maximum output of the U2761A will not exceed ±2.5 V  
peak (into a 50 Ω load).  
NOTE  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
On the Depth panel as shown in Figure 2-15, select the  
desired modulating depth value from the drop down list.  
Remote Interface Operation  
AM:DEPTh <depth in percent>  
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Features and Functions  
Generate AM Using SCPI Commands  
Example 1  
-> *CLS; *RST  
//To reset the U2761A to default  
power-on state, this command  
can be ignored if this operation  
is not required.  
-> AM:STAT ON  
-> FUNC SQU  
//Enables AM.  
//Sets the carrier waveform to  
Square wave.  
-> FREQ 2000  
-> VOLT 5 VPP  
//Sets the carrier frequency to  
2 kHz.  
//Sets the output amplitude to  
5 Vpp.  
-> VOLT:OFFS 0  
//Sets the output offset to 0.  
-> AM:INT:FUNC SIN  
//Changes the modulating  
waveform shape to Sine wave.  
-> AM:INT:FREQ 500  
-> AM:DEPT 50  
-> OUTP ON  
//Changes the modulating  
frequency to 500 Hz.  
//Changes the modulation depth  
to 50%.  
//Turns on output.  
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Features and Functions  
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Frequency Modulation (FM)  
A modulated waveform consists of a carrier waveform and a  
modulating waveform. Below shows an example of the FM  
waveform. In FM, the frequency of the carrier is varied by  
the instantaneous voltage of the modulating waveform. The  
variation in frequency of the modulated waveform from the  
carrier frequency is called the frequency deviation.  
Modulating frequency  
FM deviation  
Figure 2-17 FM waveform  
To Select FM  
The U2761A allows only one modulation mode to be enabled  
at a time. The U2761A does not allow FM to be enabled at  
the same time that sweep is enabled.  
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Features and Functions  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
Click Mod  
and then select FM  
as shown in  
Figure 2-18. To output the FM waveform, configure the  
settings for the carrier frequency, output amplitude, offset  
voltage, modulating frequency, deviation, and the desired  
waveform.  
Figure 2-18 Panel view of FM  
Remote Interface Operation  
FM:STATe {0|OFF|1|ON}  
Carrier Waveform  
The FM carrier waveform consists of Sine, Square, Ramp,  
Triangle, or Arbitrary waveform. The default waveform is  
Sine wave. You cannot use Pulse or DC as the carrier  
waveform.  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
For Arbitrary waveforms, select Arb  
at the top panel  
as shown in Figure 2-2 and select the desired waveform  
from the drop down list  
Figure 2-16.  
as shown in  
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Remote Interface Operation  
FUNCtion {SINusoid|SQUare|RAMP|USER}  
You can also use the APPLy command to select the function,  
frequency, amplitude, and offset.  
Carrier Frequency  
The maximum carrier frequency depends on the selected  
function as shown below. The default is 1 kHz for all  
functions.  
Table 2-4 Carrier frequency for FM  
Function  
Sine  
Minimum frequency  
Maximum frequency  
20 MHz  
1 μHz  
1 μHz  
1 μHz  
1 μHz  
Square  
20 MHz  
Ramp, Triangle  
Arbitrary  
200 kHz  
200 kHz  
The carrier frequency must always be greater than or equal  
to the frequency deviation plus 1 μHz. If you attempt to set  
the deviation to a value plus 1 μHz greater than the carrier  
frequency (with FM enabled), the U2761A will automatically  
adjusts the deviation to the maximum value allowed with the  
present carrier frequency.  
The sum of the carrier frequency and deviation must be less  
than or equal to the maximum frequency for the selected  
function (20 MHz for Sine and Square, 200 kHz for Ramp  
and Arbitrary waveforms). If you attempt to set the  
deviation to a value that is not valid, the U2761A will  
automatically adjusts it to the maximum value allowed with  
the present carrier frequency.  
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Features and Functions  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
On the Frequency panel as shown in Figure 2-3, input the  
desired frequency value and select the unit from the drop  
down list.  
Remote Interface Operation  
FREQuency <frequency>  
You can also use the APPLy command to select the function,  
frequency, amplitude, and offset.  
Modulating Waveform  
The modulating waveform consists of Sine, Square, Ramp,  
Negative Ramp (Nramp), Triangle, Noise, or Arbitrary  
waveform. The default modulating waveform is Sine wave.  
Square has 50% duty cycle  
Ramp has 100% symmetry  
Triangle has 50% symmetry  
Negative Ramp has 0% symmetry  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
Select the desired modulating waveform from the drop down  
list  
as shown in Figure 2-18.  
Remote Interface Operation  
FM:INTernal:FUNCtion  
{SINusoid|SQUare|RAMP|NRAMp|TRIangle|USER}  
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Modulating Waveform Frequency  
The range of the modulating waveform frequency is 2 mHz  
to 20 kHz. The default modulating waveform frequency is  
100 Hz.  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
On the Mod Frequency panel as shown in Figure 2-18, input  
the desired modulating frequency value and select the unit  
from the drop down list.  
Remote Interface Operation  
FM:INTernal:FREQuency <frequency>  
Frequency Deviation  
The frequency deviation setting represents the peak variation  
in frequency of the modulated waveform from the carrier  
frequency.  
The range of the frequency deviation is 1 Hz to 500 kHz  
(limited to 100 kHz minus 1 μHz for Ramp and Arbitrary  
waveforms). The default frequency deviation is 100 Hz.  
The carrier frequency must always be greater than or equal  
to the frequency deviation plus 1 μHz. If you attempt to set  
the deviation to a value plus 1 μHz greater than the carrier  
frequency (with FM enabled), the U2761A will automatically  
adjusts the deviation to the maximum value allowed with the  
present carrier frequency.  
The sum of the carrier frequency and deviation must be less  
than or equal to the maximum frequency for the selected  
function (20 MHz for Sine and Square, and 200 kHz for  
Ramp and Arbitrary waveforms). If you attempt to set the  
deviation to a value that is not valid, the U2761A will  
automatically adjusts it to the maximum value allowed with  
the present carrier frequency.  
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Features and Functions  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
On the Deviation panel as shown in Figure 2-18, input the  
desired frequency deviation value and select the unit from  
the drop down list.  
Remote Interface Operation  
FM:DEViation <peak deviation in Hz>  
Generate FM Using SCPI Commands  
Example 1  
-> *CLS; *RST  
//To reset the U2761A to default  
power-on state, this command  
can be ignored if this operation  
is not required.  
-> FM:STAT ON  
-> FUNC SIN  
//Enables FM.  
//Sets the carrier waveform to  
Sine wave.  
-> FREQ 1000  
-> VOLT 5 VPP  
//Sets the carrier frequency to  
1 kHz.  
//Sets the output amplitude to  
5 Vpp.  
-> VOLT:OFFS 0  
//Sets the output offset to 0.  
-> FM:INT:FUNC SIN  
//Changes the modulating  
waveform shape to Sine wave.  
-> FM:INT:FREQ 500  
-> FM:DEV 100  
-> OUTP ON  
//Changes the modulating  
frequency to 500 Hz.  
//Changes the frequency  
deviation to 100 Hz.  
//Turns on output.  
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Features and Functions  
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Phase Modulation (PM)  
A modulated waveform consists of a carrier waveform and a  
modulating waveform. The following figure shows an example  
of a PM waveform. PM is very similar to FM, but in PM, the  
phase of the modulated waveform is varied by the  
instantaneous voltage of the modulating waveform. The  
variation in phase of the modulated waveform from the  
carrier waveform is called the phase deviation.  
Modulating frequency  
Phase deviation  
Figure 2-19 PM waveform  
To Select PM  
The U2761A allows only one modulation mode to be enabled  
at a time. The U2761A does not allow PM to be enabled at  
the same time that sweep is enabled.  
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Features and Functions  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
Click Mod  
and then select PM  
as shown in  
Figure 2-20. To output the PM waveform, configure the  
settings for the carrier frequency, output amplitude, offset  
voltage, modulating frequency, phase deviation, and the  
desired waveform.  
Figure 2-20 Panel view of PM  
Remote Interface Operation  
PM:STATe {0|OFF|1|ON}  
Carrier Waveform  
The PM carrier waveform consists of Sine, Square, Ramp,  
Triangle, or Arbitrary waveform. The default waveform is  
Sine wave. You cannot use Pulse or DC as the carrier  
waveform.  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
For Arbitrary waveforms, click Arb  
at the top panel  
as shown in Figure 2-2 and select the desired waveform  
from the drop down list  
as shown in Figure 2-16.  
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Remote Interface Operation  
FUNCtion {SINusoid|SQUare|RAMP|USER}  
You can also use the APPLy command to select the function,  
frequency, amplitude, and offset.  
Carrier Frequency  
The maximum carrier frequency depends on the function  
selected as shown below. The default carrier frequency is  
1 kHz for all functions.  
Table 2-5 Carrier frequency for PM  
Function  
Sine  
Minimum frequency  
Maximum frequency  
20 MHz  
1 μHz  
1 μHz  
1 μHz  
1 μHz  
Square  
20 MHz  
Ramp, Triangle  
Arbitrary  
200 kHz  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
On the Frequency panel as shown in Figure 2-3, input the  
desired frequency value and select the unit from the drop  
down list.  
Remote Interface Operation  
FREQuency <frequency>  
You can also use the APPLy command to select the function,  
frequency, amplitude, and offset.  
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Features and Functions  
Modulating Waveform  
The modulating waveform consists of Sine, Square, Ramp,  
Negative Ramp (Nramp), Triangle, or Arbitrary waveform.  
The default waveform is Sine wave.  
Square has 50% duty cycle  
Ramp has 100% symmetry  
Triangle has 50% symmetry  
Negative Ramp has 0% symmetry  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
Select the desired modulating waveform from the drop down  
list  
as shown in Figure 2-20.  
Remote Interface Operation  
PM:INTernal:FUNCtion  
{SINusoid|SQUare|RAMP|NRAMp|TRIangle|USER}  
Modulating Waveform Frequency  
The range of the modulating waveform frequency is 2 mHz  
to 20 kHz. The default modulating waveform frequency is  
10 Hz.  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
On the Mod Frequency panel as shown in Figure 2-20, input  
the desired modulating frequency value and select the unit  
from the drop down list.  
Remote Interface Operation  
PM:INTernal:FREQuency <frequency>  
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Phase Deviation  
The phase deviation setting represents the peak variation in  
phase of the modulated waveform from the carrier  
waveform. The phase deviation setting can be set from  
0 to 360°. The default phase deviation setting is 180°.  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
On the Phase Deviation panel as shown in Figure 2-20,  
input the desired phase deviation value.  
Remote Interface Operation  
PM:DEViation <deviation in degrees>  
Generate PM Using SCPI Commands  
Example 1  
-> *CLS; *RST  
//To reset the U2761A to default  
power-on state, this command  
can be ignored if this operation  
is not required.  
-> PM:STAT ON  
-> FUNC SIN  
//Enables PM.  
//Sets the carrier waveform to  
Sine wave.  
-> FREQ 1000  
-> VOLT 5 VPP  
//Sets the carrier frequency to  
1 kHz.  
//Sets the output amplitude to  
5 Vpp.  
-> VOLT:OFFS 0  
-> PM:INT:FUNC SIN  
//Sets the output offset to 0.  
//Changes the modulating  
waveform shape to Sine wave.  
//Changes the modulating  
frequency to 500 Hz.  
//Changes the phase deviation to  
180°.  
-> PM:INT:FREQ 500  
-> PM:DEV 180  
-> OUTP ON  
//Turns on output.  
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Features and Functions  
Frequency-Shift Keying (FSK) Modulation  
FSK is similar to FM except that the frequency alternates  
between two preset values. You can configure the U2761A to  
“shift” its output frequency between two preset values using  
FSK modulation. An example of the FSK modulation  
waveform is shown below. The rate at which the output  
shifts between the two frequencies (called the “carrier  
frequency” and the “hop frequency”) is determined by the  
internal rate generator.  
FSK rate  
Hop frequency  
Figure 2-21 FSK modulation waveform  
To Select FSK Modulation  
The U2761A allows only one modulation mode to be enabled  
at a time. The U2761A does not allow FSK to be enabled at  
the same time that sweep is enabled.  
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Soft Front Panel Operation  
Click Mod  
and select FSK  
as shown in  
Figure 2-22. To output the FSK waveform, configure the  
settings for the carrier frequency, output amplitude, offset  
voltage, “hop frequency”, and FSK rate.  
Figure 2-22 Panel view of FSK  
Remote Interface Operation  
FSKey:STATe {0|OFF|1|ON}  
Carrier Waveform  
The FSK carrier waveform consists of Sine, Square, Ramp,  
Triangle, or Arbitrary waveform. The default carrier  
waveform is Sine wave. You cannot use Pulse or DC as the  
carrier waveform.  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
For Arbitrary waveforms, click Arb  
at the top panel  
as shown in Figure 2-2 and select the desired waveform  
from the drop down list  
Figure 2-16.  
as shown in  
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Features and Functions  
Remote Interface Operation  
FUNCtion {SINusoid|SQUare|RAMP|USER}  
You can also use the APPLy command to select the function,  
frequency, amplitude, and offset.  
FSK Carrier Frequency  
The maximum carrier frequency depends on the function  
selected as shown below. The default carrier frequency is  
1 kHz for all functions.  
Table 2-6 Carrier frequency for FSK  
Function  
Sine  
Minimum frequency  
Maximum frequency  
20 MHz  
1 μHz  
1 μHz  
1 μHz  
1 μHz  
Square  
20 MHz  
Ramp, Triangle  
Arbitrary  
200 kHz  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
On the Frequency panel as shown in Figure 2-3, input the  
desired frequency value and select the unit from the drop  
down list.  
Remote Interface Operation  
FREQuency <frequency>  
You can also use the APPLy command to select the function,  
frequency, amplitude, and offset.  
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FSK “Hop” Frequency  
The maximum alternate (or “hop”) frequency depends on the  
function selected as shown below. The default “hop”  
frequency is 100 Hz for all functions.  
Table 2-7 “Hop” frequency  
Function  
Sine  
Minimum frequency  
Maximum frequency  
20 MHz  
1 μHz  
1 μHz  
1 μHz  
1 μHz  
Square  
20 MHz  
Ramp, Triangle  
Arbitrary  
200 kHz  
200 kHz  
Only Square wave with a 50% duty cycle is available for the  
Internal FSK modulating waveform.  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
On the Hop Frequency panel as shown in Figure 2-22, input  
the desired hop frequency value and select the unit from the  
drop down list.  
Remote Interface Operation  
FSKey:FREQuency <frequency>  
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Features and Functions  
FSK Rate  
The FSK rate is the rate at which the output frequency  
“shifts” between the carrier frequency and the hop  
frequency.  
The range of the FSK rate is 2 mHz to 100 kHz. The  
default FSK rate value is 10 Hz.  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
On the FSK Rate panel as shown in Figure 2-22, input the  
desired FSK rate value and select the unit from the drop  
down list.  
Remote Interface Operation  
FSKey:INTernal:RATE <rate in Hz>  
Generate FSK Modulation Using SCPI Commands  
Example 1  
-> *CLS; *RST  
//To reset the U2761A to default  
power-on state, this command  
can be ignored if this operation  
is not required.  
-> FSK:STAT ON  
-> FUNC SIN  
//Enables FSK modulation.  
//Sets the carrier waveform to  
Sine wave.  
-> FREQ 1000  
-> VOLT 5 VPP  
//Sets the carrier frequency to  
1 kHz.  
//Sets the output amplitude to  
5 Vpp.  
-> VOLT:OFFS 0  
-> FSK:FREQ 100  
//Sets the output offset to 0.  
//Sets the "hop" frequency to  
100 Hz.  
-> FSK:INT:RATE 10  
-> OUTP ON  
//Sets the FSK rate to 10 Hz.  
//Turns on output.  
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Phase-Shift Keying (PSK) Modulation  
Phase-shift keying (PSK) is a form of digital modulation in  
which the phase of the carrier signal is discretely varied.  
You can configure the U2761A to “shift” its output phase  
between two preset phases using PSK. The rate at which the  
output shifts between the two phases is determined by the  
internal rate generator on the signal level. The following  
figure shows an example of the PSK modulation waveform.  
PSK rate  
PSK deviation  
Figure 2-23 PSK modulation waveform  
To Select PSK Modulation  
The U2761A allows only one modulation mode to be enabled  
at a time. The U2761A does not allow PSK to be enabled at  
the same time that sweep is enabled.  
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Features and Functions  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
Click Mod  
and then select PSK  
as shown in  
Figure 2-24. To output the PSK waveform, configure the  
settings for the carrier frequency, output amplitude, offset  
voltage, deviation, and PSK rate.  
Figure 2-24 Panel view of PSK  
Remote Interface Operation  
PSKey:STATe {0|OFF|1|ON}  
Carrier Waveform  
The PSK carrier waveform consists of Sine, Square, Ramp,  
Triangle, or Arbitrary waveform. The default waveform is  
Sine wave. You cannot use Pulse or DC as the carrier  
waveform.  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
For Arbitrary waveforms, select Arb  
at the top panel  
as shown in Figure 2-2 and select the desired waveform  
from the drop down list  
Figure 2-16.  
as shown in  
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Remote Interface Operation  
FUNCtion {SINusoid|SQUare|RAMP|USER}  
You can also use the APPLy command to select the function,  
frequency, amplitude, and offset.  
PSK Carrier Frequency  
The maximum carrier frequency depends on the function  
selected as shown below. The default is 1 kHz for all functions.  
Table 2-8 Carrier frequency for PSK  
Function  
Sine  
Minimum frequency  
Maximum frequency  
20 MHz  
1 μHz  
1 μHz  
1 μHz  
1 μHz  
Square  
20 MHz  
Ramp, Triangle  
Arbitrary  
200 kHz  
200 kHz  
Only Square wave with a 50% duty cycle is available for the  
Internal PSK modulating waveform.  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
On the Frequency panel shown in Figure 2-3, input the  
desired frequency value and select the unit from the drop  
down list.  
Remote Interface Operation  
FREQuency <frequency>  
You can also use the APPLy command to select the function,  
frequency, amplitude, and offset.  
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Features and Functions  
PSK Rate  
The PSK rate is the rate at which the output phase “shifts”  
between two preset phases. The range of the PSK rate is 2  
mHz to 100 kHz. The default PSK rate value is 10 Hz.  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
On the PSK Rate panel as shown in Figure 2-24, input the  
desired PSK rate value and select the unit from the drop  
down list.  
Remote Interface Operation  
PSKey:INTernal:RATE <rate in Hz>  
PSK Deviation  
The deviation setting represents the phase variation of the  
shifted waveform from the carrier waveform. The deviation  
can be set from 0 to 360°. The default deviation setting is  
180°.  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
On the Deviation panel as shown in Figure 2-24, input the  
desired deviation value.  
Remote Interface Operation  
PSKey:DEViation <deviation in degrees>  
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Generate PSK Modulation Using SCPI Commands  
Example 1  
-> *CLS; *RST  
//To reset the U2761A to  
default power-on state, this  
command can be ignored if  
this operation is not  
required.  
-> PSK:STAT ON  
-> FUNC SIN  
//Enables PSK modulation.  
//Sets the carrier waveform to  
Sine wave.  
-> FREQ 1000  
-> VOLT 5 VPP  
//Sets the carrier frequency to  
1 kHz.  
//Sets the output amplitude to  
5 Vpp.  
-> VOLT:OFFS 0  
//Sets the output offset to 0.  
-> PSK:INT:RATE 10  
//Sets the PSK rate to  
10 Hz.  
-> PSK:DEV 180  
-> OUTP ON  
//Sets the PSK deviation to  
180°.  
//Turns on output.  
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Features and Functions  
Amplitude-Shift Keying (ASK) Modulation  
ASK is a form of digital modulation in which the modulating  
signal apply variations in the amplitude of a carrier signal.  
The amplitude of the carrier signal varies simultaneously  
with the modulating signal while phase and frequency  
remain constant. In other words, the carrier signal can be  
assumed as an on and off switch. You can configure the  
U2761A to “shift” its output amplitude between two preset  
amplitudes using ASK. The rate at which the output shifts  
between the two amplitudes is determined by the internal  
rate generator. An example of the ASK modulation waveform  
is shown in the following.  
ASK rate  
Figure 2-25 ASK modulation waveform  
To Select ASK Modulation  
The U2761A allows only one modulation mode to be enabled  
at a time. The U2761A does not allow ASK to be enabled at  
the same time that sweep is enabled.  
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Soft Front Panel Operation  
Click Mod  
and then select ASK  
as shown in  
Figure 2-26. To output the ASK waveform, configure the  
settings for the carrier frequency, output amplitude, offset  
voltage, and ASK rate.  
Figure 2-26 Panel view of ASK  
Remote Interface Operation  
ASKey:STATe {0|OFF|1|ON}  
Carrier Waveform  
The ASK carrier waveform consists of Sine, Square, Ramp,  
Triangle, or Arbitrary waveform. The default waveform is  
Sine wave. You cannot use Pulse or DC as the carrier  
waveform.  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
For Arbitrary waveforms, select Arb  
at the top panel  
as shown in Figure 2-2 and select the desired waveform  
from the drop down list  
Figure 2-16.  
as shown in  
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Features and Functions  
Remote Interface Operation  
FUNCtion {SINusoid|SQUare|RAMP|USER}  
You can also use the APPLy command to select the function,  
frequency, amplitude, and offset.  
Carrier Frequency  
The maximum carrier frequency depends on the function  
selected as shown below. The default is 1 kHz for all functions.  
Table 2-9 Carrier frequency for ASK  
Function  
Sine  
Minimum frequency  
Maximum frequency  
20 MHz  
1 μHz  
1 μHz  
1 μHz  
1 μHz  
Square  
20 MHz  
Ramp, Triangle  
Arbitrary  
200 kHz  
200 kHz  
Only Square wave with a 50% duty cycle is available for the  
Internal ASK modulating waveform.  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
On the Frequency panel as shown in Figure 2-3, input the  
desired frequency value and select the unit from the drop  
down list.  
Remote Interface Operation  
FREQuency <frequency>  
You can also use the APPLy command to select the function,  
frequency, amplitude, and offset.  
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ASK Rate  
The ASK rate is the rate at which the output amplitude  
“shifts” between two preset amplitudes. The range of the  
ASK rate is 2 mHz to 100 kHz. The default ASK rate value is  
10 Hz.  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
On the ASK Rate panel as shown in Figure 2-26, input the  
desired ASK rate value and select the unit from the drop  
down list.  
Remote Interface Operation  
ASKey:INTernal:RATE <rate in Hz>  
Generate ASK Modulation Using SCPI Commands  
Example 1  
-> *CLS; *RST  
//To reset the U2761A to  
default power-on state, this  
command can be ignored if  
this operation is not  
required.  
-> ASK:STAT ON  
-> FUNC SIN  
//Enables ASK modulation.  
//Sets the carrier waveform to  
Sine wave.  
-> FREQ 1000  
-> VOLT 5 VPP  
//Sets the carrier frequency to  
1 kHz.  
//Sets the output amplitude to  
5 Vpp.  
-> VOLT:OFFS 0  
//Sets the output offset to 0.  
-> ASK:INT:RATE 10  
//Sets the ASK rate to  
10 Hz.  
-> OUTP ON  
//Turns on output.  
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Features and Functions  
Frequency Sweep  
In the frequency sweep mode, the U2761A “steps” from the  
start frequency to the stop frequency at a sweep rate which  
you specify. You can sweep up or down in frequency, and  
with either linear or logarithmic spacing. You can also  
configure the U2761A to output a single sweep (one pass  
from start frequency to stop frequency) by applying an  
External or Manual (software) trigger. The U2761A can  
produce a frequency sweep for Sine, Square, Ramp, Triangle,  
or Arbitrary’s waveform (Pulse and DC are not allowed). The  
figure below shows an example of the frequency sweep.  
Frequency  
Linear type  
Start frequency  
Stop frequency  
Figure 2-27 Frequency sweep  
To Select Sweep  
The U2761A does not allow the sweep mode to be enabled at  
the same time that any modulation mode is enabled.  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
Click Sweep  
as shown in Figure 2-28. To output  
sweep, configure the settings for frequencies, output  
amplitude, offset, sweep type and time, and trigger setup.  
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Figure 2-28 Panel view of sweep  
Remote Interface Operation  
SWEep:STATe {0|OFF|1|ON}  
Start Frequency and Stop Frequency  
The start frequency and stop frequency sets the upper and  
lower frequency bounds for the sweep. The U2761A begins at  
the start frequency, sweeps to the stop frequency, and then  
resets back to the start frequency.  
The range of the start and stop frequencies is 1 μHz to  
20 MHz (limited to 200 kHz for Ramp and Arbitrary  
waveforms). The sweep is phase-continuous over the full  
frequency range. The default start frequency is 100 Hz. The  
default stop frequency is 1 kHz.  
To sweep up in frequency, set the start frequency < stop  
frequency. To sweep down in frequency, set the start  
frequency > stop frequency.  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
On the Start Frequency and Stop Frequency panels as  
shown in Figure 2-28, input the desired start frequency and  
stop frequency values and select the respective units from  
the drop down lists.  
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Features and Functions  
Remote Interface Operation  
FREQuency:STARt <frequency>  
FREQuency:STOP <frequency>  
Sweep Mode  
You can sweep with either linear or logarithmic spacing. For  
a linear sweep, the U2761A varies the output frequency in a  
linear fashion during the sweep. For a logarithmic sweep,  
the U2761A varies the output frequency in a logarithmic  
fashion.  
The sweep mode consists of Linear or Logarithmic. The  
default sweep mode is Linear.  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
On the Sweep Type panel as shown in Figure 2-28, select  
the Linear  
or Log  
mode.  
Remote Interface Operation  
SWEep:SPACing {LINear|LOGarithmic}  
Sweep Time  
The sweep time specifies the number of seconds required to  
sweep from the start frequency to the stop frequency. The  
number of discrete frequency points in the sweep is  
automatically calculated by the U2761A and is based on the  
sweep time you have selected. The range of the sweep time  
is 1 ms to 500 s. The default sweep time is 1 s.  
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Soft Front Panel Operation  
On the Sweep Time panel as shown in Figure 2-28, input  
the desired sweep time and select the unit from the drop  
down list.  
Remote Interface Operation  
SWEep:TIME <seconds>  
Sweep Trigger Source  
In the sweep mode, the U2761A outputs a single sweep  
when a trigger signal is received. After one sweep from the  
start frequency to the stop frequency, the U2761A will  
continuously output the preset waveform at the start  
frequency while waiting for the next trigger.  
The sweep trigger source consists of Internal (immediate),  
External, or Manual (software). The default trigger source  
is Internal.  
When the Internal source is selected, the U2761A outputs  
a continuous sweep at a rate determined by the specified  
sweep time.  
When the External source is selected, the U2761A accepts  
a hardware trigger applied to the device Trig In  
connector. The U2761A initiates one sweep each time  
Trig In receives a TTL pulse with the specified polarity.  
When the Manual source is selected, the U2761A outputs  
one sweep each time the soft front panel Trigger  
is  
clicked.  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
On the Trigger Setup panel as shown in Figure 2-28, select  
the desired sweep trigger source from the drop down list  
at the Source panel.  
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Features and Functions  
To specify whether the U2761A is triggered on the rising or  
falling edge of the signal from the Trig In connector, select  
Positive  
for rising edge triggering and Negative  
for falling edge triggering.  
Remote Interface Operation  
TRIGger:SOURce {IMMediate|EXTernal|BUS}  
Use the following command to specify whether the U2761A  
is triggered on the rising or falling edge of the signal from  
the Trig In connector.  
TRIGger:SLOPe {POSitive|NEGative}  
Set Frequency Sweep Using SCPI Commands  
Example 1  
-> *CLS; *RST  
//To reset the U2761A to default  
power-on state, this command  
can be ignored if this operation  
is not required.  
-> FUNC SIN  
//Sets the carrier waveform to  
Sine wave.  
-> VOLT 5 VPP  
//Sets the output amplitude to  
5 Vpp.  
-> VOLT:OFFS 0  
-> SWE:STAT ON  
-> FREQ:STAR 500  
//Sets the output offset to 0.  
//Enables frequency sweep.  
//Changes the start frequency to  
500 Hz.  
-> FREQ:STOP 10000  
-> SWE:SPAC LIN  
//Changes the stop frequency to  
10 kHz.  
//Changes the sweep mode to  
Linear.  
-> SWE:TIME 2  
//Changes the sweep time to 2 s.  
-> TRIG:SOUR EXT  
//Changes the sweep trigger  
source to External.  
-> TRIG:SLOP POS  
-> OUTP ON  
//Changes the U2761A to be  
triggered on the rising edge.  
//Turns on output.  
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Triggering  
Applies to sweep only. You can issue triggers for sweeps  
using Internal (immediate) triggering, External triggering, or  
Manual (software) triggering.  
Internal triggering is enabled when you turn on the  
U2761A. In this mode, the U2761A outputs continuously  
when the sweep mode is selected.  
External triggering uses the device Trig In connector to  
control the sweep. The U2761A initiates one sweep each  
time Trig In receives a TTL pulse. You can select whether  
the U2761A is triggered on the rising or falling edge of  
the External trigger signal.  
Manual triggering initiates one sweep each time you click  
Trigger  
on the soft front panel.  
Trigger Source Choices  
You must specify the source from which the U2761A accepts  
a trigger.  
The sweep trigger source consists of Internal, External, or  
Manual. The default trigger source is Internal.  
The U2761A accepts a Manual trigger, a hardware trigger  
from the device Trig In connector, or continuously output  
sweeps using an Internal trigger. At power-on, Internal  
trigger is selected.  
The trigger source setting is stored in volatile memory  
where the source is set to Internal (immediate) trigger  
upon power-off or after a remote interface reset.  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
On the Trigger Setup panel as shown in Figure 2-28, select  
the desired trigger source from the drop down list  
at the Source panel.  
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Features and Functions  
Remote Interface Operation  
TRIGger:SOURce {IMMediate|EXTernal|BUS}  
Internal Triggering  
In the Internal trigger mode, the U2761A continuously  
performs frequency sweep (as specified by the sweep time).  
This is the default trigger source for both soft front panel  
and remote interface use.  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
On the Trigger Setup panel as shown in Figure 2-28, select  
Internal from the drop down list  
at the Source  
panel.  
Remote Interface Operation  
TRIGger:SOURce IMMediate  
Manual Triggering  
In the Manual (software) triggering mode, you can manually  
trigger the U2761A by clicking Trigger . The U2761A  
initiates one sweep each time you click the button. The  
Trigger button is illuminated while the U2761A waits  
for a Manual trigger.  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
On the Trigger Setup panel as shown in Figure 2-28, select  
Manual from the drop down list  
at the Source  
panel.  
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Remote Interface Operation  
TRIGger:SOURce BUS  
When the BUS source is selected, send the TRIG or *TRG  
command to trigger the U2761A.  
External Triggering  
In the External trigger mode, the U2761A accepts a  
hardware trigger applied to the device Trig In connector. The  
U2761A initiates one sweep each time Trig In receives a TTL  
pulse with the specified edge.  
Also refer to “Trigger Input Signal” on page 88.  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
On the Trigger Setup panel as shown in Figure 2-28, select  
External from the drop down list  
at the Source  
panel.  
To specify whether the U2761A is triggered on the rising or  
falling edge, select Positive  
rising edge and Negative  
edge.  
for triggering on the  
for triggering on the falling  
Remote Interface Operation  
TRIGger:SOURce EXTernal  
Use the following command to specify whether the U2761A  
is triggered on the rising or falling edge.  
TRIGger:SLOPe {POSitive|NEGative}  
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Features and Functions  
Trigger Input Signal  
Trigger in  
Rising edge shown  
The device connector is used for Triggered Sweep Mode,  
refer to “Sweep Trigger Source” on page 83. When the rising  
or falling edge of the TTL pulse is received on the Trig In  
connector, the U2761A outputs a single sweep, refer to  
“External Triggering” on page 87.  
Trigger Output Signal  
A “trigger out” signal is provided on the device Trig Out  
connector (used with sweep only). When enabled, a  
TTL-compatible Square waveform with either a rising  
(default) or falling edge is output to the device Trig Out  
connector at the beginning of the sweep.  
Trigger out  
> 500 μs  
Rising edge shown  
Figure 2-30 Trigger output pulse  
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When the Internal (immediate) trigger source is selected, the  
U2761A outputs a Square waveform with a 50% duty cycle to  
the Trig Out connector at the beginning of the sweep. The  
period of the Square waveform is equal to the specified  
sweep time.  
When the Manual (software) trigger source is selected, the  
U2761A outputs a pulse to the Trig Out connector at the  
beginning of each sweep.  
Soft Front Panel Operation  
After enabling sweep, to specify whether the U2761A outputs  
a TTL-compatible Square waveform with either a rising or  
falling edge, select Positive  
for rising edge and  
Negative  
for falling edge.  
Remote Interface Operation  
OUTPut:TRIGger {0|OFF|1|ON}  
OUTPut:TRIGger:SLOPe {POSitive|NEGative}  
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Features and Functions  
Set Triggering Using SCPI Commands  
Example 1  
-> *CLS; *RST  
//To reset the U2761A to  
default power-on state,  
this command can be  
ignored if this operation  
is not required.  
-> FUNC SIN  
//Sets the carrier waveform  
to Sine wave.  
-> VOLT 5 VPP  
-> VOLT:OFFS 0  
//Sets the output amplitude  
to 5 Vpp.  
//Sets the output offset to  
0.  
-> SWE:STAT ON  
//Enables frequency sweep.  
-> FREQ:STAR 500  
//Changes the start  
frequency to 500 Hz.  
-> FREQ:STOP 10000  
-> SWE:SPAC LIN  
-> SWE:TIME 2  
//Changes the stop  
frequency to 10 kHz.  
//Changes the sweep mode  
to Linear.  
//Changes the sweep time  
to 2 s.  
-> TRIG:SOUR IMM  
-> OUTP:TRIG ON  
-> OUTP:TRIG:SLOP POS  
-> OUTP ON  
//Changes the sweep trigger  
source to Internal.  
//Turns on the trigger  
output.  
//Outputs the trigger on a  
rising edge.  
//Turns on output.  
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Arbitrary Waveforms  
There are three built-in Arbitrary waveforms offered. The  
U2761A supports the Arbitrary waveform up to 65536 (64K)  
data points. You can create an Arbitrary waveform using the  
soft front panel as described in the following. For further  
information, please refer to the Agilent Measurement  
Manager help file.  
To Create and Store an Arbitrary Waveform  
This section provides you an example on the procedure to  
create and store an Arbitrary waveform using the soft front  
panel. To create an Arbitrary waveform remotely, refer to  
the Agilent U2761A USB Modular Function/Waveform  
Generator Programmer’s Reference. You will create and store  
the Ramp waveform shown below as an example.  
Amplitude = 2 Vpp, Period = 10 ms  
Figure 2-31 Ramp waveform  
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Features and Functions  
1 Select the Arbitrary waveform function.  
Click Arb to select the Arbitrary function.  
2 Set the waveform period.  
Select Period  
numeric drop down  
waveform.  
and use the numeric keypad or  
to set the period for the  
For example, set the period of the waveform to 10 ms.  
3 Set the waveform voltage limits.  
Select HiLevel  
and Lolevel  
to set the  
high and low voltage levels that can be reached while  
editing the waveform. The upper limit must be greater  
than the lower limit.  
For example, set the upper limit to 2.0 V and the lower  
limit to 0 V.  
4 Start the Arbitrary waveform editor.  
Select Non Built-in Waveform from the Arbitrary’s drop down  
list  
and click  
to start the Arbitrary  
waveform editor.  
5 Select the interpolation method.  
Click to enable or disable linear interpolation between  
the user-defined points. With interpolation enabled  
(default), the waveform editor makes a straight-line  
connection between the points. With interpolation  
disabled, the waveform editor maintains a constant  
voltage level between the points and creates a “step-like’  
waveform.  
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6 Start waveform editing process.  
Click  
to begin the freehand draw mode or  
to  
enable line draw mode. To enable or disable the grid  
reference, click . Then, start drawing the desired  
waveform. To edit the waveform, click either to add  
line/point(s), to edit point(s), to delete point(s),  
or to clear current Arbitrary graph.  
7 Sending waveform to the U2761A.  
To send the waveform to the U2761A, click  
.
Once the Send waveform in progress has completed, the Send  
waveform has completed message is displayed.  
The downloading of an Arbitrary waveform may take up to several  
minutes. The status bar at the bottom of the Arbitrary waveform editor  
window shows the progress of the download. Please wait for the Send  
waveform has completed message to be displayed before proceeding  
with the next step.  
NOTE  
Figure 2-32 Waveform download in progress  
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Features and Functions  
8 Saving the waveform.  
To save the waveform for future use, click  
. Then,  
select Compatible With Intuilink and click  
. Input the  
desired file name and click  
to save the file.  
9 Exiting the waveform editor.  
To exit the waveform editor, click  
.
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User’s Guide  
3
Characteristics and Specifications  
Product Characteristics 96  
Product Specifications and Characteristics 97  
This chapter specifies the characteristics, environmental  
conditions, and specifications of the U2761A.  
Agilent Technologies  
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Characteristics and Specifications  
Product Characteristics  
REMOTE INTERFACE  
Hi-Speed USB 2.0  
USBTMC 488.2 Class device  
POWER CONSUMPTION  
+12 VDC, 2 A  
Isolated ELV power source  
OPERATING ENVIRONMENT  
Operating temperature from 0 °C to 50 °C  
Operating humidity at 20% to 85% RH (non-condensing)  
Altitude up to 2000 meters  
Pollution Degree 2  
For indoor use only  
STORAGE COMPLIANCE  
Storage temperature from –20 °C to 70 °C  
Storage humidity at 5% to 90% RH (non-condensing)  
SAFETY COMPLIANCE  
Certified with:  
IEC 61010-1:2001/EN61010-1:2001 (2nd Edition)  
Canada: CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 61010-1-04  
USA: ANSI/UL 61010-1:2004  
EMC COMPLIANCE  
IEC 61326-2002/EN 61326:1997+A1:1998+A2:2001+A3:2003  
Canada: ICES-001:2004  
Australia/New Zealand: AS/NZS CISPR11:2004  
SHOCK & VIBRATION  
Tested to IEC/EN 60068-2  
IO CONNECTOR  
BNC connector  
DIMENSION (W×D×H)  
117.00 mm × 180.00 mm × 41.00 mm (with bumpers)  
105.00 mm × 175.00 mm × 25.00 mm (without bumpers)  
WEIGHT  
528g (with bumpers)  
476 g (without bumpers)  
WARRANTY  
One year  
96  
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Characteristics and Specifications  
3
Product Specifications and Characteristics  
WAVEFORMS  
Standard  
Sine, Square, Ramp, Triangle, Pulse, DC  
Built-in arbitrary  
Exponential Rise, Exponential Fall, Negative Ramp  
WAVEFORM CHARACTERISTICS  
Sine  
Frequency range  
1 μHz to 20 MHz (1 μHz resolution)  
1
Amplitude flatness  
<100 kHz  
0.2 dB  
(relative to 1 kHz)  
100 kHz to 1 MHz  
1 MHz to 20 MHz  
Frequency range  
DC to 20 kHz  
0.35 dB  
0.7 dB  
2
Harmonic distortion  
<1 Vpp  
–70 dBc  
–65 dBc  
–50 dBc  
–40 dBc  
0.10%  
1 Vpp  
–60 dBc  
–60 dBc  
–45 dBc  
–35 dBc  
20 kHz to 100 kHz  
100 kHz to 1 MHz  
1 MHz to 20 MHz  
DC to 20 kHz  
2
Total harmonic distortion  
3
Spurious (Non-harmonic) output  
DC to 1 MHz  
–65 dBc  
1 MHz to 20 MHz  
–115 dBc/Hz (Typical)  
–65 dBc + 6 dB/octave  
Phase noise (10 kHz offset)  
Square  
Frequency range  
Rise/fall time  
1 μHz to 20 MHz (1 μHz resolution)  
<18 ns, 10 to 90% terminated load (50 Ω)  
<2%  
Overshoot  
Variable duty cycle  
20% to 80% (up to 10 MHz)  
40% to 60% (up to 20 MHz)  
Asymmetry (@ 50% duty)  
Jitter (RMS)  
1% of period + 5 ns  
> 50 kHz = 1 ns + 100 ppm of period  
50 kHz = 10 ns + 100 ppm of period  
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3
Characteristics and Specifications  
Ramp, Triangle  
Frequency range  
Linearity  
1 μHz to 200 kHz (1 μHz resolution)  
<0.2% of peak output  
0% to 100%  
Programmable symmetry  
Pulse  
Frequency range  
Pulse width (period 10 s)  
Overshoot  
500 μHz to 5 MHz (1 μHz resolution)  
40 ns minimum, 10 ns resolution  
<3%  
Jitter (RMS)  
300 ps + 0.1 ppm of period  
Arbitrary  
Frequency range  
Memory depth  
Amplitude resolution  
Sampling rate  
1 μHz to 200 kHz (1 μHz resolution)  
64 kSa  
14 bits/sample (including sign)  
50 MSa/s  
Minimum rise/fall time  
Linearity  
36 ns, typical  
<0.2% of peak output  
<250 ns to 0.5% of final value  
10 ns + 30 ppm  
Settling time  
Jitter (RMS)  
98  
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Characteristics and Specifications  
3
COMMON CHARACTERISTICS  
Amplitude  
Range  
40 mVpp to 5 Vpp (Into 50 Ω load)  
80 mVpp to 10 Vpp (Into open circuit)  
1% of settling 5 mV (±10 mV @ Hi-Z)  
Vpp, Vrms, dBm  
1
Accuracy (across 50 Ω load at 1 kHz)  
Units  
Resolution  
4 digits  
DC offset  
Range (peak AC + DC)  
2.5 V (Into 50 Ω load)  
5 V (Into open circuit)  
1
Accuracy (across 50 Ω load)  
2% of offset setting 1% of amplitude setting 5 mV  
( 10 mV @ Hi-Z)  
Amplitude limit  
Amplitude + Offset limit to within 2.5 V range across 50 Ω load or  
5 V across open circuit  
Main output  
Impedance  
50 Ω load (Typical)  
Isolation  
At least 42 Vpk to earth  
Protection  
Short-circuit protected, overload automatically disables main output  
Internal frequency reference  
4
Accuracy  
8 ppm in 1 year  
External frequency reference  
Input lock range  
Input amplitude level  
Impedance  
10 MHz 170 Hz  
500 mVpp to 5 Vpp  
50 Ω AC coupled  
<2 s  
Lock time  
Output frequency  
Output amplitude level  
Impedance  
10 MHz  
632 mVpp, typical  
Return loss 10 dB typical at 10 MHz  
Phase offset  
Range  
+360° to –360°  
0.01°  
Resolution  
Accuracy  
20 ns  
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3
Characteristics and Specifications  
MODULATION  
AM  
Carrier waveforms  
Source  
Sine, Square, Ramp, Arbitrary  
Internal  
Internal modulation  
Depth  
Sine, Square, Ramp, Arbitrary (2 mHz to 20 kHz)  
0.0% to 100.0%  
FM  
Carrier waveforms  
Source  
Sine, Square, Ramp, Arbitrary  
Internal  
Internal modulation  
Deviation  
Sine, Square, Ramp, Arbitrary (2 mHz to 20 kHz)  
1 Hz to 500 kHz  
PM  
Carrier waveforms  
Source  
Sine, Square, Ramp, Arbitrary  
Internal  
Internal modulation  
Deviation  
Sine, Square, Ramp, Arbitrary (2 mHz to 20 kHz)  
0.0 to 360.0°  
FSK  
Carrier waveforms  
Source  
Sine, Square, Ramp, Arbitrary  
Internal  
Internal modulation  
50% duty cycle square (2 mHz to 100 kHz)  
PSK  
Carrier waveforms  
Source  
Sine, Square, Ramp, Arbitrary  
Internal  
Internal modulation  
Deviation  
50% duty cycle square (2 mHz to 100 kHz)  
0.0 to 360.0°  
ASK  
Carrier waveforms  
Source  
Sine, Square, Ramp, Arbitrary  
Internal  
Internal modulation  
50% duty cycle square (2 mHz to 100 kHz)  
100  
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Characteristics and Specifications  
3
SWEEP CHARACTERISTICS  
Waveforms  
Type  
Sine, Square, Ramp, Arbitrary  
Linear or Logarithmic  
Up or Down  
Direction  
Sweep time  
Trigger  
1 ms to 500 s  
Single, External, or Internal  
TRIGGER CHARACTERISTICS  
Trigger input  
Input level  
TTL compatible  
Rising or Falling, Selectable  
>100 ns  
Slope  
Pulse width  
Input impedance  
Latency  
>10 kΩ, DC coupled  
<500 ns  
Jitter (RMS)  
Trigger output  
Input level  
6 ns (3.5 ns for Pulse)  
TTL compatible into 1 kΩ  
Pulse width  
Output impedance  
Fanout  
>400 ns  
50 Ω, typical  
4 TTL  
Rise time  
20 ns  
th  
1 Add 1/10 of output amplitude and offset specification per °C for  
operation outside the range of 18 °C to 28 °C.  
2 DC offset set to 0 V.  
3 Tyical spurious output at low amplitude is –70 dBm.  
4 Add 1 ppm/°C (average) for operation outside the range of 18 °C to  
28 °C.  
U2761A User’s Guide  
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3
Characteristics and Specifications  
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Index  
Index  
A
Accuracy 99  
firmware 18, 19  
Agilent  
Automation-Ready CD 7, 10, 11  
Connection Expert 19  
carrier frequency 57  
frequency 51, 57, 63, 68, 73, 78  
carrier waveform 56, 100  
modulating waveform 58  
waveform 49, 50, 55, 56, 61, 62,  
67, 72, 77, 100  
IO Libraries Suite 14.2 10  
Measurement Manager 10, 15, 21,  
91  
modulating waveform frequency 59  
SCPI commands 60  
common 99  
Sales Office 7, 8  
VEE Pro 9  
product 96  
specifications/measurement 97  
sweep 101  
AM 2, 26, 40, 49, 50, 52, 54, 100  
Carrier frequency 51  
carrier frequency 68  
carrier waveform 67, 100  
rate 70  
trigger 101  
Carrier waveform 50, 100  
depth 100  
waveform 97  
compliance  
Modulating Waveform 52  
Modulation Depth 53  
SCPI commands 70  
EMC 96  
safety 96  
H
Harmonic distortion 97  
humidity  
Soft Front Panel Operation 50  
APPLy 29, 31, 33, 34, 39, 41, 42, 51,  
52, 57, 58, 63  
output 26, 35, 36  
pin 23  
operating 96  
storage 96  
Arbitrary waveform 2, 26, 29, 50, 56,  
62, 67, 72, 77, 91, 92, 93, 98  
ASK 2, 26, 76, 79, 100  
carrier frequency 78  
carrier waveform 77, 100  
rate 79  
DC offset 33, 99, 101  
Agilent  
Measurement Manager 13  
depth 49, 53, 54, 98, 100  
deviation  
phase 61, 65, 100  
PSK 74, 75, 100  
module driver 12  
Isolation 99  
SCPI commands 79  
soft front panel operation 77  
Asymmetry 97  
dimensions 5, 6, 96  
duty cycle 30, 38, 39, 40, 43, 47, 48,  
52, 58, 64, 89, 97, 100  
J
B
jitter 97, 98  
browser 10  
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Index  
product  
dimensions 5, 96  
L
limits  
Sweep 80  
sweep  
mode 82  
amplitude 27, 33  
duty cycle 30  
specifications 97  
SCPI commands 84  
Programmable symmetry 98  
time 82, 83, 101  
frequency 38  
protection 99  
PSK  
function 27, 30  
offset voltage 31  
output termination 31  
units selection 32  
L-Mount kit 7, 24  
symmetry 40  
carrier frequency 73  
carrier waveform 72, 100  
deviation 74, 100  
rate 74  
triggering  
External 85, 87  
SCPI commands 75  
input signal 88, 101  
Internal 85, 86, 89  
Manual 85, 86, 89  
output signal 88, 101  
SCPI commands 90  
O
output  
amplitude 31, 33, 35, 36, 99  
control 41  
period 45  
waveform 45  
frequency 29, 99  
function 26  
width 46, 98, 101  
SCPI commands 42  
sweep 80, 83  
termination 36  
units 35  
weight 96  
Ramp 40, 44, 98  
remote interface 96  
P
RMS 97, 98, 101  
phase noise 97  
PM  
carrier frequency 63  
carrier waveform 62, 100  
modulating waveform 64  
modulating waveform frequency 64  
phase deviation 65, 100  
SCPI commands 65  
sampling rate 98  
settling time 98  
shock 96  
spurious 97, 101  
start frequency 81  
stop frequency 81  
storage humidity 96  
storage temperature 96  
prerequisites 10  
104  
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Contact us  
To obtain service, warranty or technical  
support assistance, contact us at the fol-  
lowing phone numbers:  
United States:  
(tel) 800 829 4444  
Canada:  
(tel) 877 894 4414  
China:  
(tel) 800 810 0189  
Europe:  
(fax) 800 829 4433  
(fax) 800 746 4866  
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(tel) 31 20 547 2111  
Japan:  
(tel) (81) 426 56 7832 (fax) (81) 426 56  
7840  
Korea:  
(tel) (080) 769 0800  
Latin America:  
(tel) (305) 269 7500  
Taiwan:  
(fax) (080) 769 0900  
(tel) 0800 047 866  
(fax) 0800 286 331  
Other Asia Pacific Countries:  
(tel) (65) 6375 8100  
(fax) (65) 6755 0042  
Or visit Agilent worldwide web at:  
www.agilent.com/find/assist  
Product specifications and descriptions in  
this document are subject to change with-  
out notice. Always refer to Agilent web site  
for latest revision.  
© Agilent Technologies, Inc., 2008-2009  
Third Edition, January 31, 2009  
U2761-90000  
Agilent Technologies  
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