SAS and SATA
HostRAID Controller
Installation and User’s Guide
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●
3
Adaptec Customer Support
If you have questions about installing or using your Adaptec product, check this document first—you will find answers to most of
your questions. If you need further assistance, use the support options listed below. To expedite your service, have your computer in
front of you.
Technical Support Identification (TSID) Number
●
Before contacting Technical Support, you need your unique 12-digit TSID number. The TSID number identifies your product
and support status.
●
The TSID number is included on a white, bar-coded label, like this example:
●
Affix a copy of the TSID label to the CD jacket so that you don’t lose it.
North America
●
●
Search the Adaptec Support Knowledgebase (ASK) at ask.adaptec.com for articles, troubleshooting tips, and frequently asked
questions for your product.
●
For information about Adaptec’s support options, call +1 408-957-2550, 24 hours per day, 7 days per week. To speak with a
Technical Support Specialist, call +1 408-934-7274 or +1 321-207-2000.
●
●
You can order Adaptec products, including accessories and cables, by calling +1 408-957-7274. Or, you can order cables online at
Europe
●
●
German: Call +49 89 43 66 55 22, Monday to Friday, 9:00 to 17:00, CET. For support via e-mail, submit your question at
●
●
●
French: Call +49 89 43 66 55 33, Monday to Friday, 9:00 to 17:00, CET. For support via e-mail, submit your question at
English: Call +49 89 43 66 55 44, Monday to Friday, 9:00 to 17:00, GMT. For support via e-mail, submit your question at
Japan
●
Call 0044 2213 2601.
●
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●
4
Limited 3-Year Hardware Warranty
1. Adaptec, Inc. (“Adaptec”) warrants to the purchaser of this product that it will be free from defects in material and workmanship for
a period of three (3) years from the date of purchase. If the product should become defective within the warranty period, Adaptec, at
its option, will repair or replace the product, or refund the purchaser’s purchase price for the product, provided it is delivered at the
purchaser’s expense to an authorized Adaptec service facility or to Adaptec.
2. Repair or replacement parts or products will be furnished on an exchange basis and will either be new or reconditioned. All
replaced parts or products shall become the property of Adaptec. This warranty shall not apply if the product has been damaged
by accident, misuse, abuse or as a result of unauthorized service or parts.
3. Warranty service is available to the purchaser by delivering the product during the warranty period to an authorized Adaptec
service facility or to Adaptec and providing proof of purchase price and date. The purchaser shall bear all shipping, packing and
insurance costs and all other costs, excluding labor and parts, necessary to effectuate repair, replacement or refund under this
warranty
.
4. For more information on how to obtain warranty service, write or telephone Adaptec at 691 South Milpitas Boulevard,
Milpitas, CA 95035, (800) 959-7274.
5. THIS LIMITED WARRANTY DOES NOT EXTEND TO ANY PRODUCT WHICH HAS BEEN DAMAGED AS A RESULT OF
ACCIDENT, MISUSE, ABUSE, OR AS A RESULT OF UNAUTHORIZED SERVICE OR PARTS.
6. THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER EXPRESS WARRANTIES WHICH NOW OR HEREAFTER MIGHT
OTHERWISE ARISE RESPECT TO THIS PRODUCT. IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING THOSE OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT SHALL (A) HAVE NO GREATER DURATION THAN 3
YEARS FROM THE DATE OF PURCHASE, (B) TERMINATE AUTOMATICALLY AT THE EXPIRATION OF SUCH PERIOD
AND (C) TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW BE EXCLUDED. IN THE EVENT THIS PRODUCT BECOMES DEFECTIVE
DURING THE WARRANTY PERIOD, THE PURCHASER’S EXCLUSIVE REMEDY SHALL BE REPAIR, REPLACEMENT OR
REFUND AS PROVIDED ABOVE. INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION
LOSS OF DATA, ARISING FROM BREACH OF ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY ARE NOT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF
ADAPTEC AND, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED BOTH FOR PROPERTY DAMAGE, AND
TO THE EXTENT NOT UNCONSCIONABLE, FOR PERSONAL INJURY DAMAGE
.
7. SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
FOR CONSUMER PRODUCTS, AND SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW LIMITATIONS ON HOW LONG AN IMPLIED
WARRANTY LASTS, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATION OR EXCLUSIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
8. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights which vary from state to state.
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●
5
Regulatory Compliance Statements
Federal Communications Commission Radio Frequency Interference Statement
WARNING: Changes or modifications to this unit not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the
user’s authority to operate the equipment.
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC
rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This
equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy, and if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction
manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur
in a particular installation. However, if this equipment does cause interference to radio or television equipment reception, which
can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of
the following measures:
●
●
●
●
●
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
Increase the separation between equipment and receiver.
Connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television technician for help.
Use a shielded and properly grounded I/O cable and power cable to ensure compliance of this unit to the specified limits of the
rules.
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not
cause harmful interference and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause
undesired operation.
ASR-58300/ASR-48300/ASR-44300
AAR-1430SA/AAR-1420SA/
AAR-1220SA/AAR-1225SA
Adaptec, Inc.
Tested to Comply
With FCC Standards
FOR HOME OR OFFICE USE
European Union Compliance Statement
This Information Technology Equipment has been tested and found to comply with EMC Directive 89/336/EEC, as
amended by 92/31/EEC and 93/68/EEC, in accordance with:
● EN55022 (1998+A1:2000+A2:2003) Emissions
● EN55024 (1998+A1:2001+A2:2003) Immunity:
– EN61000-4-2 (1995) Electrostatic discharge: 4 kV contact, 8 kV air
– EN61000-4-3 (1996) Radiated immunity
– EN61000-4-4 (1995) Electrical fast transients/burst: 1 kV AC, 0.5 kV I/O
– EN61000-4-5 (1995) Surges 1 kV differential mode, 2 kV common mode
– EN61000-4-6 (1996) Conducted immunity: 3 V
– EN61000-4-11 (1994) Supply dips and variation: 30% and 100%
In addition, all equipment requiring U.L. listing has been found to comply with EMC Directive 73/23/EEC as amended by
93/68/EEC in accordance with EN60950 with amendments A1, A2, A3, A4, A11.
Australian/New Zealand Compliance Statement
This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to the Australian/New
Zealand standard AS/NZS 3548 set out by the Spectrum Management Agency.
Canadian Compliance Statement
This Class B digital apparatus meets all requirements of the Canadian Interference-Causing Equipment Regulations.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe B respecte toutes les exigences du Règlement sur le matériel brouilleur du Canada.
Japanese Compliance (Voluntary Control Council Initiative)
This equipment complies to class B Information Technology equipment based on VCCI (Voluntary Control Council for
Interface). This equipment is designed for home use but it may causes radio frequency interference problem if used too
near to a television or radio. Please handle it correctly per this documentation.
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Contents
Terminology Used in this Guide...................................................................... 12
Conventions Used in This Guide..................................................................... 12
Array Level Features................................................................................. 15
About the Adaptec 58300 Controller............................................................... 17
About the Adaptec 48300 Controller............................................................... 18
About the Adaptec 44300 Controller............................................................... 19
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Contents
●
7
Next Steps.......................................................................................................... 34
Creating an Array.............................................................................................. 39
Creating a Driver Disk or an Array.................................................................. 47
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Contents
●
8
About the Adaptec Flash Utility....................................................................... 52
Which Utility Should I Use?............................................................................. 52
What is SAS?...................................................................................................... 58
What’s a SAS Port?............................................................................................ 59
How are Disk Drives Identified in SAS? .......................................................... 60
Backplane Connections............................................................................ 61
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Contents
●
9
Using SerialSelect............................................................................................... 73
SerialSelect Options .................................................................................. 74
Using SATASelect .............................................................................................. 75
SATASelect Options.................................................................................. 76
Formatting and Verifying Disk Drives............................................................. 76
Identifying Disk Drives..................................................................................... 77
Viewing the Event Log...................................................................................... 78
Introduction...................................................................................................... 80
Obtaining the Firmware........................................................................... 80
Running the AFU.............................................................................................. 81
HELP......................................................................................................... 82
UPDATE................................................................................................... 84
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Contents
●
10
Current Requirements ..................................................................................... 94
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About This Guide
1
In this chapter...
What You Need to Know Before You Begin.......................................................................... 12
Terminology Used in this Guide............................................................................................ 12
This Installation and User’s Guide explains how to install your Adaptec® HostRAID controller.
It also describes the utilities included in your controller kit , and provides a basic overview of
Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) technology.
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Chapter 1: About This Guide l 12
What You Need to Know Before You Begin
You should be familiar with computer hardware, data storage, Redundant Array of
Independent Disks (RAID) technology, and the characteristics of input/output (I/O)
technology used by your HostRAID controller. Because SAS is a newer I/O technology, an
Note: Because this guide covers multiple Adaptec HostRAID controllers, some of the features and
functions described may not be available for your controller.
Terminology Used in this Guide
Because you can use your HostRAID controller to manage data storage in a variety of
configurations from DAS to NAS to SAN, the generic term “storage space is used to refer to
controllers and disk drives being managed with Adaptec Storage ManagerTM or the other
utilities described in this Guide.
Many of the terms and concepts referred to in this Guide have multiple names. To maintain
consistency, they are represented as:
●
●
●
Controller (also known as host bus adapter, board)
Disk drive (also known as hard disk, hard drive, or hard disk drive)
Array (also known as logical drive)
Note: In DAS environments, Adaptec Storage Manager User’s Guide refers to arrays as logical
drives. Your RAID controller creates arrays, which your operating system and Adaptec Storage
Manager recognizes as logical drives. In NAS environments, Adaptec Storage Manager displays
both arrays and logical drives. For more information, refer to the Adaptec Storage Manager User's
Guide for Direct Attached Storage on the Adaptec Storage Manager Installation CD.
Conventions Used in This Guide
In this documentation, the term SAS-only means that the requirement, feature, or procedure is
applicable only to SAS HostRAID controllers.
The term SATA-only means that the requirement, feature, or procedure is applicable only to
SATA HostRAID controllers.
How to Find More Information
You can find more information about your HostRAID controller, and the software and utilities
included with it in these documents:
●
●
Readme.txt—Describes details about updated product information and known issues;
located on the HostRAID Installation CD.
Adaptec Storage Manager User’s Guide—Describes how to install and use the Adaptec
Storage Manager software located on the Adaptec Storage Manager Installation CD. See
●
●
Adaptec Storage Manager online Help—Describes how to use the Adaptec Storage Manager
software.
Command Line Utility for Direct Attached Storage User’s Guide—Describes how to use the
Adaptec HostRAID Controller Configuration (HRCONF) command line utility to
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Chapter 1: About This Guide l 13
perform basic array and configuration management functions; located on the Adaptec
Storage Manager Installation CD.
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About Your HostRAID Controller
2
In this chapter...
HostRAID Controller Features.............................................................................................. 15
This chapter provides an overview of standard HostRAID controller features, and describes the
unique features of Adaptec SAS and SATA HostRAID controllers.
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Chapter 2: About Your HostRAID Controller l 15
HostRAID Controller Features
●
Port multiplier support— You can connect one SATA drive enclosure with a port
multiplier to 1225SA HostRAID controller.
Note: To find out the version of the port multiplier, refer to the drive enclosure documentation.
Adaptec supports SiI3726 with one 3 Gbps SATA II host interface and five SATA device
ports. We support only 3Gbps NCQ enabled drives.
Note: NetWare does not support drive enclosures with port multipliers but supports eSATA drives.
●
Greater than 2 TB support—You can create and manage HostRAID arrays which are bigger
than 2TB size. Hence,users can use the current and future high capacity hard disk drives
above 750GB.
●
●
●
Flash ROM for updates to controller firmware.
Event logging and broadcasting, including messaging for alphanumeric pagers.
Support for Adaptec Metadata Format (AMF) allowing the migration of simple volumes
and arrays to Adaptec RAID controllers.
●
Multiple options for creating and managing RAID arrays—A full software application
(Adaptec Storage Manager), a BIOS-based utility, and a command line utility. See
●
●
Support for disk drive hot swapping.
Support for disk drive enclosures with SAF-TE enclosure management hardware.
Array Level Features
●
Support for RAID 0, 1, 10, and simple volumes with these HostRAID limitations:
●
●
●
RAID 0: support for max. six drives with SAS and max. four drives with SATA
RAID 10: support for max. four drives
RAID 1 is build with two drives always
The maximum number of arrays per controller is two.
The maximum number of global hot spares per controller is one.
Hot swap rebuild of fault tolerant arrays through the operating system.
●
●
Support for automatic failover, so arrays are automatically rebuilt when a failed disk drive
is replaced (applies to redundant arrays in SES2- or SAF-TE-enabled disk drive enclosures
only).
●
●
Global hot spare protecting every fault tolerant array that the drive has enough available
capacity to protect.
Support for migration:
●
Simple Volume to RAID 0
Simple Volume to RAID 1
●
●
(SATA-only) Native command queuing (NCQ), which lets disk drives arrange commands
into the most efficient order for optimum performance.
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Chapter 2: About Your HostRAID Controller l 16
●
(SAS-only) Support for disk drive enclosures with SES2 enclosure management hardware.
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Chapter 2: About Your HostRAID Controller l 17
About the Adaptec 58300 Controller
The Adaptec 58300 is a low-profile PCI-X to 8-Phy SAS 1.0 HostRAID controller with these
features:
Drive LEDs
External miniSAS Connectors
J3 (Aggregate Activity
LED Header)
3.3V PCI-X Connector
Mounting bracket
Formx factor
Low-profile
PCI-X
Bus compatibility
PCI bus width (max)
PCI bus speed (max)
PHYs
64-bit
133 MHz
8
Connectors, internal
Connectors, external
None
2 x4 external SFF 8088 (miniSAS)
miniSAS 1.0 connector
RAID levels
0, 1, 10
Yes
Simple volume
Disk drives
SAS (3.0Gb/s), SATA I (1.5Gb/s),
SATA II 3.0Gb/s)
Maximum number of disk drives
8 direct-attached drives or up to 128
using expander technology
Hot spares
Yes
Yes
No
Enclosure support
Native Command Queuing (NCQ)
Automatic failover
Audible alarm
Yes
No
Note: There is NO I2C function on this controller, as all ports are external.
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Chapter 2: About Your HostRAID Controller l 18
About the Adaptec 48300 Controller
The Adaptec 48300 is a low-profile PCI-X to 8-Phy SAS 1.0 HostRAID controller with these
features:
J3 (Aggregate Activity LED Header)
External SAS Connector
Internal SAS Connector
3.3V PCI-X Connector
Mounting bracket
Form factor
Low-profile
PCI-X
Bus compatibility
PCI bus width (max)
PCI bus speed (max)
PHYs
64-bit
133 MHz
8
Connectors, internal
1 x4 internal SFF-8484
SAS 1.1 connector
Connectors, external
1 x4 external SFF-8470
SAS 1.0 connector
RAID levels
0, 1, 10
Yes
Simple volume
Disk drives
SAS (3.0Gbps), SATA I (1.5Gbps),
SATA II (3.0Gbps)
Maximum number of disk drives
8 direct-attached drives or up to 128
using expander technology
Hot spares
Yes
Yes
No
Enclosure support
Native Command Queuing (NCQ)
Automatic failover
Audible alarm
Yes
No
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Chapter 2: About Your HostRAID Controller l 19
About the Adaptec 44300 Controller
The Adaptec 44300 is a low-profile PCI-X to 4-Phy SAS 1.0 HostRAID controller with these
features:
Internal SAS Connector
J3 (Aggregate Activity LED Header)
3.3V PCI-X Connector
Mounting bracket
Form factor
Low-profile
PCI-X
Bus compatibility
PCI bus width (max)
PCI bus speed (max)
PHYs
64-bit
133 MHz
4
Connectors, internal
1 x4 internal SFF-8484
SAS 1.1 connector
RAID levels
0, 1, 10
Yes
Simple Volume
Disk drives
SAS (3.0Gbps), SATA I (1.5Gbps),
SATA II (3.0Gbps)
Maximum number of disk drives
4 direct-attached drives or up to 128
using expanded technology
Hot spares
Yes
Yes
No
Enclosure support
Native Command Queuing (NCQ)
Automatic failover
Audible alarm
Yes
No
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Chapter 2: About Your HostRAID Controller l 20
About the Adaptec 1430SA Controller
The Adaptec 1430SA is a low-profile 4-port PCIe SATA II HostRAID controller with these
features:
J2 Connector (I2C)
Power LED
Aggregate LED
J3 (Aggregate Activity
LED Header)
Port Activity LED
J1 LED Connector
3 (top port)
2 (bottom port)
SATA Ports
1 (top port)
0 (bottom port)
J4 Activity LED
PCIe X4 connector
Mounting bracket
Form factor
Low-profile
PCIe x4
4
Bus compatibility
Ports
Connectors, internal
RAID levels
4 stacked
0, 1, 10
Yes
Simple volume
Disk drives
SATA I (1.5Gbps), SATA II (3.0Gbps)
Maximum number of disk drives
Hot spares
4
Yes
Enclosure support
Yes, SATA II Enclosure Management using
I2C connection
Native Command Queuing (NCQ)
Automatic failover
Yes
Yes
No
Audible alarm
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Chapter 2: About Your HostRAID Controller l 21
About the Adaptec 1420SA Controller
The Adaptec 1420SA is a low-profile PCI-X to 4 port SATA II HostRAID controller with these
features:
J1 connector (I2C)
J7 (Aggregate Activity LED Header)
J2 LED connector
Activity LED
3
SATA Ports
2
1
0
3.3V/5V PCI-X connector
Mounting bracket
Form factor
Low-profile
Bus compatibility
Ports
PCI-X
4
Connector, internal
RAID levels
4
0, 1, 10
Yes
Simple volume
Disk drives
SATA I (1.5Gbps), SATA II (3.0Gbps)
Maximum number of disk drives
Hot spares
4
Yes
Enclosure support
Yes, SATA II Enclosure Management using
I2C connection
Native Command Queuing (NCQ)
Audible alarm
Yes
No
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Chapter 2: About Your HostRAID Controller l 22
About the Adaptec 1220SA Controller
The Adaptec 1220SA is a low-profile PCIe to 2 port SATA II HostRAID controller with these
features:
J1 Activity LED Connector
1
SATA ports
0
Mounting bracket
PCIe X1 connector
Form factor
Low-profile
Bus compatibility
Ports
PCIe-X1
2
Connector, internal
RAID levels
2
0, 1
Yes
Simple Volume
Disk drives
SATA I (1.5Gbps), SATA II (3.0Gbps)
Maximum number of disk drives
Hot spares
2
Yes
No
Yes
No
Enclosure support
Native Command Queuing (NCQ)
Audible alarm
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Chapter 2: About Your HostRAID Controller l 23
About the Adaptec 1225SA Controller
The Adaptec 1225SA is a low-profile PCIe to 2 external port SATA II HostRAID controller with
these features:
External SATA connectors
J1 LED Connector
PCIe X1 connector
Mounting bracket
Form factor
Bus compatibility
Ports
Low-profile
PCIe-X1
2 external SATA ports
You can also connect one SATA drive
enclosure with a port multiplier. For details
about supported port multipliers, refer to
Connector, internal
Connector, external
RAID levels
0
2 external SATA connectors
0, 1 and 10
Yes
Simple Volume
Disk drives
SATA II (3.0Gbps) NCQ-enabled drives or
eSATA drives.
Maximum number of disk drives
Hot spares
2
Yes
Enclosure support
Yes—for port multiplier enclosures.
Native Command Queuing (NCQ)
Audible alarm
Yes
No
Note: Adaptec 1225SA controller does not support bootable devices.
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Chapter 3: Kit Contents and System Requirements l 25
Kit Contents
●
Adaptec SAS or SATA HostRAID controllers
●
These utilities are embedded in the controller’s BIOS :
●
●
●
Array Configuration Utility (ACU)—Used to create, configure, and manage arrays
SerialSelect or SATASelect—Used to modify your controller and disk drive settings
Disk Utilities—Used to format and verify disk drives
●
●
HostRAID installation CD (bootable), including controller drivers, and this Guide
Adaptec Storage Manager installation CD (not bootable), including Adaptec Storage
Manager and the Adaptec HRCONF (HostRAID Configuration) command line utility
●
●
Readme files
Cables (type and quantity vary depending on your HostRAID controller—not included in
●
●
Low-profile bracket
SAS and SATA HostRAID Controllers Quickstart Guide
System Requirements
●
PC-compatible computer with Intel Pentium, or equivalent processor
●
A motherboard with these features:
●
●
●
Complies with the PCI Local Bus Specification, Revision 2.2 and higher
Supports multifunction devices where one of the devices is a PCI bridge
Large memory-mapped address ranges
Note: Refer to the Readme file on the HostRAID Installation CD for additional motherboard
compatibility information.
●
One of these operating systems:
●
●
●
●
Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003, XP and Windows Vista
Red Hat Linux
SUSE Linux
Novell® NetWare®
Note: For up-to-date operating system version support, visit www.adaptec.com.
●
●
At least 256 MB of RAMs
Available compatible PCI/PCI-X/PCIe slot (depending on your controller model—see
●
●
●
40 MB of free drive space
16-bit SVGA color monitor with a resolution of at least 800 x 600
CD drive
●
Appropriate interface cables
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Installing the HostRAID Controller and
Disk Drives
4
In this chapter...
Before You Begin .................................................................................................................... 27
Installing the HostRAID Controller...................................................................................... 27
Selecting SATA Cables............................................................................................................ 30
Connecting Disk Drives to SATA HostRAID Controllers.................................................... 32
This chapter explains how to install your HostRAID controller, and how to connect disk drives.
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Chapter 4: Installing the HostRAID Controller and Disk Drives l 27
Before You Begin
●
●
Familiarize yourself with your HostRAID controller’s physical features and the RAID levels
●
●
●
Ensure that you have the right number of disk drives to achieve the desired RAID level (see
page 64).
If you have a low-profile computer cabinet, replace the original full-height bracket with the
low-profile bracket supplied in the controller kit.
Caution: Handle the controller by its bracket or edges only.
!
Installing the HostRAID Controller
This section describes how to install your HostRAID controller into your computer cabinet.
1
Turn off your computer and disconnect the power cord. Open the cabinet, following the
manufacturer’s instructions.
2
Select an available PCI, PCIe or PCI-X expansion slot and
remove the slot cover, as shown at right.
For the best performance, use the available slot that’s
PCI/PCIe bus compatibility is marked to the controller
Caution: Touch a grounded metal object before handling
the HostRAID controller.
!
3
As shown at right, insert the HostRAID controller into the
expansion slot and press down gently but firmly until it
clicks into place. When installed properly, the HostRAID controller should appear level
with the expansion slot.
4
5
Secure the bracket in the expansion slot, using the retention
device (for instance, a screw or lever) supplied with your
computer.
Connect your computer’s disk activity LED cable to the
LED connector on the HostRAID controller, if applicable to
your controller. The LED connectors are marked on the
Ensure that the positive lead of the LED cable (usually a red
wire or a wire marked with a red stripe) is connected to pin
1.
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Chapter 4: Installing the HostRAID Controller and Disk Drives l 28
6
7
Optional—Connect your HostRAID controller’s I2C connector (not available on all
models) to an I2C connector on an internal backplane or enclosure, using an I2C cable.
Selecting Disk Drives
When selecting disk drives for your RAID array, ensure that all the disk drives have the same
performance level. You can use different-sized disk drives in the array, but the array will be
limited to the capacity of the smallest and slowest disk drive. For more information, refer to the
Adaptec Storage Manager User’s Guide or Adaptec Storage Manager online Help.
Adaptec SAS HostRAID controller supports both SAS and Serial ATA (SATA) I and II disk
drives. For cable information, see next section.
Selecting SAS Cables
You need one SAS cable for each disk drive you are connecting to your SAS HostRAID
controller. Depending on your requirements, you can use any of these cables:
Internal SAS (SFF-8484) to SAS (SFF-
8484) cable
External miniSAS (SFF-8088) to SAS
(SFF-8470) cable
External SFF-8470 to SFF-8470 cable
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Chapter 4: Installing the HostRAID Controller and Disk Drives l 29
External SFF-8088 to SFF-8088 cable
Internal SFF-8484 to 4x SFF-8482 fanout
cable
Note: This cable is included in the
Adaptec HostRAID 44300 and 48300
controller kit. It can be used to connect
SAS or SATA disk drives
Internal SFF-8484 to 4x SATA fanout cable
Internal SFF-8484 to SFF-8484 cable
Internal SFF-8087 to SFF-8484 cable
Adaptec recommends using only Adaptec SAS cables. For more information or to purchase
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Chapter 4: Installing the HostRAID Controller and Disk Drives l 30
Selecting SATA Cables
You need one straight connector to straight connector SATA cable for each disk drive you are
connecting to your SATA HostRAID controller. SATA cables are included in the kit.
External SATA (eSATA) cable
Internal 4x SATA to SFF-8484 fanout cable
Internal SATA to SATA cables
Note: These cables are included in the
SATA HostRAID controller kit. There are
two cables included in the 1220SA kit
and four cables in the 1420SA or
1430SA kit.
All SATA straight connector to straight connector cables have the same connectors, as shown in
the following figure, and the connectors are keyed so that you can’t insert them incorrectly.
Adaptec recommends using only Adaptec SATA cables. For more information or to purchase
Connecting Disk Drives to SAS HostRAID Controllers
You can connect SAS disk drives, SATA disk drives, or a combination of both to your SAS
HostRAID controller. There are no jumpers or switches to set before installation.
If you plan to build a bootable array using internal disk drives, ensure you install at least the
more information.
Note: Although you can connect both SAS and SATA disk drives to your SAS HostRAID controller,
Adaptec recommends not to combine SAS and SATA disk drives within the same array or logical
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Chapter 4: Installing the HostRAID Controller and Disk Drives l 31
You have these connection options:
●
Connecting Directly to the HostRAID Controller (see below).
●
Connecting Directly to the HostRAID Controller
In a direct-attach connection, SAS or SATA disk drives are connected directly to a SAS
HostRAID controller with SAS cables. The number of direct-attached disk drives is limited to
61.
1
Install your internal SAS or SATA disk drives, following the instructions in your system’s
documentation.
2
Use internal SAS cables to connect the disk drives to the SAS HostRAID controller.
SATA disk drives attached to
controller with fan-out cable
External
SAS cable
External SAS connector
3
When you have installed all disk drives and connected the to SAS HostRAID controller,
close your computer cabinet, and reconnect the power cord.
Connecting to a Backplane
In a backplane connection, disk drives and SAS HostRAID controllers are connected to, and
communicate with each other through a backplane.
The number of disk drives is limited to the number of slots available on the backplane. Some
backplanes have embedded SAS expanders and can support up to 128 end devices. For more
1
Connect one or more internal SAS or SATA disk drives to the backplane. Refer to your
system’s documentation for more information.
2
Use an internal SAS cable to connect the SAS HostRAID controller to the backplane.
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Chapter 4: Installing the HostRAID Controller and Disk Drives l 32
Controller connected
to backplane with
fan-out cable
Disk drives on
backplane
3
When all internal disk drives have been installed and connected, close your computer
cabinet, reconnect the power cord.
Installing the SAS HostRAID Controller to a SAS Expander
You can use a SAS expander to connect multiple disk drives to your SAS HostRAID controller
(or to multiple SAS HostRAID controllers). Commands can be sent down one link and data
returned on another in a separate connection to increase fault tolerance. Using a SAS expander
and dual-port SAS drives and SATA drives with 2-port adapters, you can design redundant
systems for maximum fault-tolerance.
To install the HostRAID controller to a SAS expander:
1
Using the appropriate cable, connect the SAS HostRAID controller to the expander’s PHY
connector.
2
Connect a cable from the expander’s PHY connector to a disk drive.
Connecting Disk Drives to SATA HostRAID Controllers
1
2
3
Install your SATA disk drives, following the instructions in your system’s documentation.
There are no jumpers or switches to set on the SATA controller or disk drives.
Connect each disk drive to a SATA port on the controller using a recommended SATA
When all disk drives have been installed and connected, close your computer cabinet, and
reconnect the power cord.
Checking Your Controller and Devices
Now that you have installed your controller and connected your disk drives, you can use the
ARC utility to check your controller and devices, as described below:
1
2
Turn on your computer.
When the Adaptec banner appears, press Ctrl+A to enter the Adaptec RAID Configuration
(ARC) utility.
3
If your drives have already been used in another system (even if not part of an array), select
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Chapter 4: Installing the HostRAID Controller and Disk Drives l 33
4
Select SATASelect (on SATA controller) and SerialSelect (on SAS controller) to verify the
hardware configuration of the controller and the drives.
Verify that all drives are shown. If anything appears to be missing, power down the
computer and check the connections.
Setting the Boot Controller
Note: If your system contains only one bootable controller, or if you are using the 1225SA
Most of the Adaptec HostRAID controllers support bootable disk drives and arrays. The
default setting of the HostRAID controller and system Setup allows you to install and boot
from either a disk drive connected to the motherboard, or from a drive or array connected to
the HostRAID controller. To enable the system to boot from either a disk drive or an array
connected to the HostRAID controller:
Note: Selecting the boot controller is done using the system BIOS Setup Utility. Launching the
system BIOS Setup Utility varies depending on your computer model. Refer to your computer
documentation for instructions on how to access the system BIOS.
1
2
3
Enter the system BIOS Setup.
Navigate to the disk drive boot sequence.
Move the boot controller to the top of the list.
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Chapter 4: Installing the HostRAID Controller and Disk Drives l 34
Next Steps
If you are installing the driver and an operating system onto a bootable array, continue with
If you are completing a standard installation onto an existing operating system, continue with
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Getting Started
5
In this chapter...
This chapter provides the basic information you need to set up your disk drives and arrays the
way you want them. It also describes the options you have for installing your HostRAID
controller and disk drives, and creating arrays for data storage.
Before you begin, familiarize yourself with your HostRAID controller’s physical features and
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Chapter 5: Getting Started l 36
Choosing a RAID Level
Your HostRAID controller supports these RAID levels.
RAID 0 (Non-redundant Array)—Stripes data across multiple disk drives. Improved
performance but no redundancy.
RAID 1 Array—Created from two disk drives where one disk drive is a mirror of the other (the
same data is stored on each disk drive). Redundancy but reduced capacity.
RAID 10 Array—Built from two or more equal-sized RAID 1 arrays, stripes and mirrors data
across multiple disk drives. Redundancy and improved performance.
disk drives you must connect to your HostRAID controller to support the RAID level you
want.
Choosing Installation Options
When you install your HostRAID controller, you can choose to create a bootable array and
then install both operating system and controller driver on that array. Alternatively, you can
complete a standard installation, where you install the controller driver on an existing
operating system.
Note: Adaptec 1225SA controller does not support bootable devices, hence install this controller
only on an existing operating system.
Basic Installation Steps
This section describes the installation process. Follow the steps for the installation option
you’ve chosen.
Installing with an Operating System
You can install your HostRAID controller and the operating system using these steps:
1
2
3
4
5
Installing with an Operating System On a Bootable Disk Drive/Array
When you install your HostRAID controller, you can create a bootable disk drive or an array
and then install both operating system and controller driver on that disk drive or array.
Alternatively, you can perform the standard installation, and install the controller driver on an
existing operating system
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Chapter 5: Getting Started l 37
1
If your controller has an external connector, you can also connect external disk drives, if
required.
2
3
Installing on an Existing Operating System
1
If your controller has an external connector, you can connect external disk drives as well
(or instead).
2
3
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Creating a Bootable Array
6
In this chapter...
Making Your Array Bootable................................................................................................. 41
This chapter explains how to set your HostRAID controller to be the boot controller, and how
to create a bootable array.
Note: If you are completing a standard installation onto an existing operating system,proceed to
Note: Adaptec 1225SA controller does not support bootable devices.
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Chapter 6: Creating a Bootable Array l 39
Creating an Array
You can create a RAID 0, 1, or 10 array using one of these tools:
●
●
●
Array Configuration Utility (ACU)—BIOS-based menus and keyboard navigation (see
Adaptec Storage Manager—Graphical software application running from a bootable CD
HRCONF—Command line utility, refer to the Command Line Interface User’s Guide for
Direct Attached Storage.
You can use either tool, but the ACU is quicker and easier.
Note: Adaptec recommends that you not combine SAS and SATA disk drives within the same
array. Adaptec Storage Manager generates a warning if you try to create a logical drive using a
combination of SAS and SATA disk drives.
Creating an Array with the ACU
The ACU is menu-based and instructions for completing tasks display on-screen. Menus can
be navigated using the arrows, Enter, Esc, and other keys on your keyboard.
Before creating arrays, make sure the disks for the array are connected and installed. Disks with
no usable space are shown in gray and cannot be used.
To create an array:
1
Turn on your computer and press Ctrl+A when prompted to access the Adaptec RAID
Configuration (ARC) utility.
2
3
4
From the ARC menu, select Array Configuration Utility (ACU).
From the ACU Main menu, select Create Array.
Select the disks for the new array. RAID 0 and 1 requires a minimum of two disk drives.
RAID 10 requires a minimum of four disk drives. Then press Insert.
To deselect any disk, highlight the disk, then press Delete.
See the table on for the maximum number of drives that your HostRAID controller can
support.
5
6
Select Enter when all disks for the new array are selected. The Array Properties menu
When you are finished, select Done.
Creating an Array with Adaptec Storage Manager
This section describes how to use the Adaptec Storage Manager configuration wizard to build a
RAID 0, 1, or 10 array.
Note: You will need the HostRAID Installation CD to complete this task.
To create a RAID 0, 1, or 10 array:
1
2
Insert the HostRAID Installation CD into your CD drive, then restart your computer.
When prompted, select the language you want, then press Enter.
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Chapter 6: Creating a Bootable Array l 40
3
4
5
Review the license information, then press Enter.
The Main Menu opens.
Click Launch Configuration Utility.
Adaptec Storage Manager opens.
Click Create.
The Configuration wizard opens.
6
7
Select Express configuration..., then click Next.
Review the information that is displayed.
Note: Adaptec Storage Manager uses the term logical drives when referring to arrays.
In this example, Adaptec Storage Manager has used two equal-sized disk drives to
automatically create one logical drive with RAID 1.
To specify a size for the logical drives, or to make other changes to the configuration, click
Modify logical devices.
8
9
Click Apply, then click Yes when prompted to confirm applying your new configuration.
Adaptec Storage Manager builds the logical drive(s).
The configuration is saved on the Adaptec controller (as an “array” ) and on the physical
disk drives.
Partition and format your logical drive.
The logical drive you created appears as a physical disk drive on your operating system.
You must partition and format these logical drives before you can use them to store data.
10 Close all windows, then click Reboot to restart your system.
11 Remove the HostRAID Installation CD.
For information on installing and using Adaptec Storage Manager as a full software
application, refer to the Adaptec Storage Manager User’s Guide provided on the Adaptec
Storage Manager CD.
Making Your Array Bootable
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Installing the Driver and an Operating
System
7
In this chapter...
Before You Begin .................................................................................................................... 43
Installing with NetWare ......................................................................................................... 45
This chapter explains how to install your HostRAID controller driver and an operating system
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Chapter 7: Installing the Driver and an Operating System l 43
Before You Begin
●
●
●
Creating a driver disk (next section).
Creating a Driver Disk
Before you install your driver, you must create a driver disk. You need a floppy disk to complete
this task. To create a driver disk:
1
Set your system BIOS so that your computer boots from the CD drive. (For instructions,
refer to your computer’s documentation).
2
3
4
Boot your computer from the bootable HostRAID Installation CD.
Click Create Driver Disk, from the Main Menu.
Select one of the operating systems from the list:
●
●
●
Windows
Linux
Netware
5
6
7
Select the type of operating system you want to use.
Select the version of the operating system.
When prompted, insert a floppy disk, then click OK.
The system creates the driver disk.
8
9
Remove and label the driver disk.
Continue with the instructions for your operating system:
●
●
●
●
Installing with Windows
You will need your Windows Installation CD to complete this task. To install the HostRAID
controller driver while installing Windows:
1
2
3
Insert your Windows CD, then restart the computer.
Follow the on-screen instructions to begin the Windows installation.
When prompted to install a third-party driver, press F6.
Note: When F6 is active, a prompt appears at the bottom of the screen for only 5 seconds. If
you miss your chance to press F6, restart your computer.
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Chapter 7: Installing the Driver and an Operating System l 44
4
5
Insert the driver disk, then wait until you are prompted to install a driver.
Press S to specify that the driver is on a floppy disk, then press Enter.
The computer reads the disk.
6
7
8
When the Adaptec SAS or SATA driver is found, press Enter.
Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the installation.
Installing with Red Hat Linux
You will need your Red Hat Installation CD to complete this task. To install the HostRAID
controller driver while installing Red Hat Linux:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Insert the first Red Hat Installation CD.
Restart your computer.
When the Red Hat Welcome screen displays, type linux ddat the Boot: prompt.
When prompted, insert the driver disk, then select OK.
Follow the prompts to set up the environment you want.
If you are installing other third-party devices, install them now. Otherwise, select Done.
Complete the Red Hat Linux installation, following the instructions included with your
operating system.
8
Installing with SUSE Linux
To install the HostRAID controller driver while installing SuSE Linux:
1
2
3
Insert the first SUSE Installation CD.
Restart your computer.
When the SUSE (SLES 9 and 10) installation selection screen displays, press the F6 key,
select installation option from the Menu, then press Enter.
4
5
6
7
When prompted, insert the driver disk, then press any key to continue.
Follow the prompts to set up the environment you want.
If you are installing other third-party devices, install them now. Otherwise, select Back.
Complete the SUSE Linux installation, following the instructions included with your
operating system.
8
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Chapter 7: Installing the Driver and an Operating System l 45
Installing with NetWare
Note: NetWare does not support drive enclosures with port multipliers but supports eSATA drives.
You will need your NetWare Installation CD to complete this task. To install the driver when
installing NetWare:
1
2
Restart your computer, then install NetWare. (For instructions, refer to your NetWare
documentation.)
To be able to load additional drivers later, select Manual install mode during the first part
of the installation.
Click Continue to load additional drivers:
a
b
Select Modify when the storage adapters are displayed.
Select Storage Adapters, then press the Insert key twice to add an unlisted driver from
the floppy disk.
3
4
When the Device Types screen displays, check the Storage adapters list, then select Modify
to add another driver.
Select Storage Adapters, then press Enter.
All recognized controllers are displayed.
If necessary, remove the default HostRAID driver (<driver-name>.ham).
Press the Delete key to remove it.
5
6
7
Press Insert to add another driver.
The available drivers are displayed.
8
9
Insert the driver floppy disk.
Press the Insert key to scan the floppy disk drive.
Once the driver is selected, the Parameter screen is displayed.
10 From the lower window menu, select Continue, then press Enter.
If the driver installation process fails, the server console is displayed so you can see the
cause of the failure.
To modify disk partitions, apply hot fixes, or perform volume maintenance, refer to your
NetWare documentation.
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Installing the Driver on an Existing
Operating System
8
In this chapter...
Before You Begin .................................................................................................................... 47
Installing on Windows XP or Windows 2003....................................................................... 47
Installing on Windows Vista.................................................................................................. 48
This chapter explains how to install your HostRAID controller driver on an existing operating
system.
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Chapter 8: Installing the Driver on an Existing Operating System l 47
Before You Begin
Before you begin, install and connect your HostRAID controller and internal disk drives (see
page 26).
You must also create a driver disk (see next section) before you begin installing the controller
driver.
Note: For up-to-date operating system version support, visit the Adaptec Web Site at
Creating a Driver Disk or an Array
Before you install your driver, you will need to create a driver disk. You will need a floppy disk
to complete this task. To create a driver disk:
1
2
Set your system BIOS so that your computer boots from the CD drive. (For instructions,
refer to your computer’s documentation.)
Turn on your computer, then insert the HostRAID Installation CD included in your
controller kit.
3
4
5
Follow the on-screen instructions to get to the Adaptec Start Menu.
Click Create Driver Disk, from the Main Menu.
Select one of the operating systems from this list:
●
●
●
Windows XP/2003 and Windows Vista
Linux
Netware
6
7
8
Select the type of operating system you want to use.
Select the version of the operating system.
When prompted, insert the floppy disk, then click OK.
The system creates the driver disk.
9
Remove and label the driver disk.
10 Continue the driver installation for your operating system:
●
●
●
●
Installing on Windows XP or Windows 2003 (next section)
Installing on Windows XP or Windows 2003
To install the driver on Windows:
1
Start or restart Windows.
The Found New Hardware Wizard opens and searches for the driver.
Insert the driver disk, select Floppy drive, then click Next.
2
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Chapter 8: Installing the Driver on an Existing Operating System l 48
3
4
5
6
Click Next, then click Next again.
Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the driver installation.
Remove the driver disk and restart your computer.
Installing on Windows Vista
1
2
3
4
5
Insert the Windows setup CD.
When prompted to install a third-party driver, click Load Driver.
Select the driver and click Next.
The disk array is displayed.
Click Drive Options to modify the RAID 10 size, else click Next to proceed with the
installation.
Installing on Red Hat or SUSE Linux
To install the module on Red Hat or SUSE Linux:
1
Insert and mount the RAID Installation CD:
Red Hat—mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
SuSE—mount /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom
2
Install the module RPM:
rpm -Uvh mount-point/xxx/yyy.rpm
where mount-point is the specific mount point on the Linux system, xxxis the driver path,
and yyy.rpmis the rpm file.
3
4
Run fdisk, mkfs, and create mount points for any new disk drives.
Installing on NetWare
Note: Before you begin, ensure that the NetWare operating system has been upgraded to the
minimum patch level specified by Novell. Refer to the Novell Web site for more information.
Note: NetWare does not support drive enclosures with port multipliers but supports eSATA drives.
To install the driver on NetWare:
1
2
3
4
5
6
Start your computer.
From the NetWare server console prompt, type load hdetect then press Enter.
,
From the Device types menu, select Continue
From the Device type option, select Modify then press Enter.
Select Storage Adapters then press Enter.
From the Additional Driver Options menu, select Modify
,
then press Enter.
,
,
,
then press Enter.
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Chapter 8: Installing the Driver on an Existing Operating System l 49
7
8
9
From the Driver Name menu, press the Insert key.
Insert the driver disk, press the Insert key, then press F3.
From the A:\ prompt, press Enter.
The driver installs.
10 From the Additional Driver Option menu, select Return to driver summary then press
,
Enter.
11 From the Driver type menu, select Load on Additional Driver Options.
12 After the driver loads, select Continue.
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Managing Your Storage Space
9
In this chapter...
About Adaptec Storage Manager........................................................................................... 51
Once you have installed your HostRAID controller, disk drives (or other devices), and device
driver, you can begin to build and manage your storage space.
This chapter introduces the tools you can use to manage your storage space. All the tools
described in this chapter are included on the CDs included with your HostRAID controller.
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Chapter 9: Managing Your Storage Space l 51
About Adaptec Storage Manager
Adaptec Storage Manager is a full-featured software application that helps you build a storage
space for your data. With Adaptec Storage Manager, you can group disk drives into logical
drives and build in redundancy to protect your data and improve system performance.
Adaptec Storage Manager is included on the Adaptec Storage Manager Installation CD. For
installation instructions, refer to the Adaptec Storage Manager User’s Guide, also included on
the Adaptec Storage Manager Installation CD.
You can also use Adaptec Storage Manager to monitor and manage all the controllers and disk
drives in your storage space from a single location.
When Adaptec Storage Manager is installed on a computer, the Adaptec Storage Manager agent
is also installed automatically. The agent is like a service that keeps your storage space running.
It runs in the background, without user intervention, and monitors and manages system
health, notifies events, schedules tasks, and manages other on-going processes. It sends notices
when tasks are completed successfully, and sounds an alarm when errors or failures occur.
The agent uses less memory than the full application. If your storage space includes systems
that won’t be connected to monitors (and therefore won’t require the user interface), you can
choose to run the agent only on those systems instead of the full application. For more
information, refer to the Adaptec Storage Manager User’s Guide or online Help.
Installing Adaptec Storage Manager
Adaptec Storage Manager is included on the Adaptec Storage Manager Installation CD. For
installation instructions, refer to the Adaptec Storage Manager User’s Guide for Direct Access
Storage , also included on the Adaptec Storage Manager Installation CD.
About the HRCONF Command Line Utility
HRCONF (HostRAID Configuration Utility) is a command line utility that you can use to
perform some basic array and configuration management functions.
With HRCONF, you can:
●
●
●
Create and delete logical drives
Modify and copy configuration settings
Recover from disk drive failures and troubleshoot
Note: Adaptec recommends that only advanced users familiar with command line interfaces use
HRCONF.
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Chapter 9: Managing Your Storage Space l 52
About the ARC Utility
The Adaptec RAID Configuration (ARC) utility is a BIOS-based utility that you can use to
create and manage controllers, disk drives and other devices, and arrays. The ARC utility
comprises these tools:
●
Array Configuration Utility (ACU)—For creating and managing arrays, and initializing
and rescanning disk drives.
●
●
SerialSelect Utility—Used to change device and HostRAID controller settings.
Disk Utilities—For formatting or verifying disk drives.
The ARC utility is included in your controller’s BIOS. For more information, see Using the
The ARC utility is primarily intended for pre-operating system installation configuration.
About the Adaptec Flash Utility
The Adaptec Flash Utility (AFU) is a text-based DOS utility that you can use to update, save, or
verify your HostRAID controller’s firmware BIOS and Non-Volatile Random Access Memory
Caution: Although the AFU contains safeguards to prevent you from accidentally damaging
your RAID controller’s flash contents, it is still important to use the AFU carefully and correctly
!
to avoid rendering your RAID controller inoperable.Adaptec recommends that only advanced
users familiar with working in DOS use the AFU.
Which Utility Should I Use?
To create a bootable array, Adaptec recommends that you use the BIOS-based ARC utility.
For all subsequent storage management tasks, Adaptec recommends that you install and use
user interface (GUI), it is the easiest to use and offers the widest range of management
functions.
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Solving Problems
10
In this chapter...
Troubleshooting Checklist..................................................................................................... 54
Recovering from a Disk Drive Failure................................................................................... 54
Resetting the Controller......................................................................................................... 55
This chapter provides basic troubleshooting information and solutions for solving your
HostRAID controller problems.
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Chapter 10: Solving Problems l 54
Troubleshooting Checklist
If you encounter difficulties installing or using your HostRAID controller, check these items
first:
●
With your computer powered off, check the connections to each disk drive, the power
supply, the LED connector, and so on.
●
●
Try disconnecting and reconnecting disk drives from the HostRAID controller.
Check that your HostRAID controller is installed in a compatible expansion slot. To
●
●
●
Ensure that your HostRAID controller is firmly seated and secured in the PCI, PCI-X, or
PCIe expansion slot.
If your HostRAID controller is not detected during system boot, try installing it in a
Did the driver install correctly?
If you are still unable to resolve a problem, you can find additional troubleshooting
Recovering from a Disk Drive Failure
This section explains how to recover when a disk drive fails:
●
●
If the array was protected by a hot spare, see next section.
●
If there is a disk drive failure in more than one array simultaneously, see Failure in Multiple
●
●
Note: Adaptec Storage Manager uses the term logical drives when referring to arrays.
Failed Disk Drive Protected by a Hot Spare
When an array is protected by a hot spare, if a disk drive in that array fails the hot spare is
automatically incorporated into the array and takes over for the failed drive.
To recover from the failure, remove and replace the failed disk drive (following manufacturer’s
instructions).
Failed Disk Drive Not Protected by a Hot Spare
If a disk drive fails in an array that is not protected by a hot spare, replace the failed drive. The
controller detects the new disk drive and rebuilds the array.
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Chapter 10: Solving Problems l 55
If the controller fails to rebuild the array, check that the cables, disk drives, and controllers are
properly installed and connected. Then, if necessary, use Adaptec Storage Manager to rebuild
the array. For instructions, refer to the Adaptec Storage Manager User’s Guide or online Help.
Failure in Multiple Arrays Simultaneously
If the disk drive failure in more than one array at the same time (one failure per array), and the
arrays are protected by hot spares, the controller rebuilds the arrays with these limitations:
●
A hot spare must be of equal or greater size than the failed disk drive it’s replacing.
●
Failed disk drives are replaced with hot spares in the order in which they failed. (The array
that includes the disk drive that failed first is rebuilt first, assuming an appropriate hot
spare is available-see bullet above).
If there are more disk drive failures than hot spares, see Failed Disk Drive Not Protected by a Hot
Spare in previous section.
Disk Drive Failure in a RAID 0 Array
Because RAID 0 volumes do not include redundancy, if a disk drive fails in a RAID 0 array, the
data can’t be recovered.
Correct the cause of the failure or replace the failed disk drives. Then, restore your data (if
available).
Multiple Failures in the Same Array
If more than one disk drive fails at the same time in the same RAID 1 array, the data can’t be
recovered.
Correct the cause of the failure or replace the failed disk drives. Then, restore your data (if
available).
In some instances, RAID 10 arrays may survive multiple disk drive failures, depending on
which disk drives fail. For more information, refer to the Adaptec Storage Manager User’s Guide
or online Help.
Resetting the Controller
This section explains how to reset (or flash) your Adaptec HostRAID controller. You may want
to do this if the controller becomes inoperable, or if a firmware upgrade is unsuccessful.
To reset your Adaptec HostRAID controller:
1
2
3
4
Download the firmware version currently installed on your controller from
Extract the downloaded files to a folder on your local hard drive (for example,
C:\Download\Drivers).
Create a bootable MS–DOS floppy disk and copy the AFU.exe file to it. Copy the first
firmware image to the same floppy disk.
Create additional bootable MS–DOS floppy disks and copy each additional firmware
image to its own floppy disk.
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Chapter 10: Solving Problems l 56
5
6
7
Power off your computer, disconnect the power cord, then open the cabinet following the
manufacturer’s instructions.
Disconnect all cables from the controller, then attach a shorting jumper to the Mode 0
flash connector.
Reconnect the power cord, power on your computer, then boot to the floppy disk
8
9
At the prompt, type a:\afu update /c x, where is the controller number.
x
Insert the other floppy disks when prompted.
10 When the flash is complete, power off your computer, disconnect the power cord, then
remove the jumper.
11 Close the computer cabinet, reconnect the power cord, then power on your computer.
The controller should boot correctly.
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Understanding RAID
B
In this chapter...
RAID Technology Overview .................................................................................................. 65
When you create arrays (or logical drives), you can assign a RAID level to protect your data.
Each RAID level offers a unique combination of performance and redundancy. RAID levels
also vary by the number of disk drives they support.
This appendix describes the RAID levels supported by your HostRAID controller, and provides
a basic overview of each to help you select the best level of protection for your data storage.
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Appendix B: Understanding RAID
●
65
RAID Technology Overview
RAID is the technology of grouping several physical drives into an array that you can define as
one or more logical drives. Each logical drive appears to the operating system as a single drive.
This grouping technique greatly enhances logical-drive capacity and performance beyond the
physical limitations of a single physical drive.
When you group multiple physical drives into a logical drive, the HostRAID controller can
transfer data in parallel from the multiple drives in the array. This parallel transfer yields data-
transfer rates that are many times higher than with non-arrayed drives, allowing the system to
better meet the throughput (amount of data processed in a given amount of time) or
productivity needs of a multi-user network environment.
The ability to respond to multiple data requests provides not only an increase in throughput,
but also a decrease in response time. The combination of parallel transfers and simultaneous
responses to multiple requests allows disk arrays to provide a high level of performance in
network environments.
Understanding Drive Segments
A drive segment is a disk drive or portion of a disk drive that is used to create an array. A disk
drive can include both RAID segments (segments that are part of an array) and available
segments. Each segment can be part of only one logical device at a time. If a disk drive is not
part of any logical device, the entire disk is an available segment.
Stripe-Unit Size
With RAID technology, data is striped across an array of physical drives. This data-distribution
scheme complements the way the operating system requests data.
The granularity at which data is stored on one drive of the array before subsequent data is
stored on the next drive of the array is called the stripe-unit size.
You can set the stripe-unit size to 16, 32, or 64 KB. You can maximize the performance of your
HostRAID controller by setting the stripe-unit size to a value that is close to the size of the
system I/O requests. For example, performance in transaction-based environments, which
typically involve large blocks of data, might be optimal when the stripe-unit size is set to 32 or
64 KB. However, performance in file and print environments, which typically involve multiple
small blocks of data, might be optimal when the stripe-unit size is set to 16 KB.
The collection of stripe units, from the first drive of the array to the last drive of the array, is
called a stripe.
RAID 0 (Non-RAID Arrays)
An array with RAID 0 includes two or more disk drives (maximum twelve) and provides data
striping, where data is distributed evenly across the disk drives in equal-sized sections.
RAID 0 arrays do not maintain redundant data, so they offer no data protection. However,
compared to an equal-sized group of independent disks, a RAID 0 array provides improved
I/O performance.
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Appendix B: Understanding RAID
●
66
Drive segment size is limited to the size of the smallest disk drive in the array. For instance, an
array with two 250 GB disk drives and two 400 GB disk drives can create a RAID 0 drive
segment of 250 GB, for a total of 1000 GB for the volume, as shown in the following figure.
Drive Segment Size (Smallest Disk Drive)
Disk Drive 1
250 GB
250 GB
Disk Drive 2
Disk Drive 1
Disk Drive 2
1
997
5
...
2
3
998
999
Disk Drive 3
Disk Drive 4
6
7
...
...
400 GB
Disk Drive 3
Disk Drive 4
Unused Space: 150 GB
Unused Space: 150 GB
Not Used
4
1000
8
...
400 GB
Not Used
Disk Drives in Logical Drive
RAID 0 Logical Drive = 1000 GB
RAID 1 Arrays
A RAID 1 array is built from two disk drives, where one disk drive is a mirror of the other (the
same data is stored on each disk drive). Compared to independent disk drives, RAID 1 arrays
provide improved performance, with twice the read rate and an equal write rate of single disks.
However, capacity is only 50 percent of independent disk drives.
If the RAID 1 array is built from different-sized disk drives, the free space, drive segment size is
the size of the smaller disk drive, as shown in the following figure.
Drive Segment Size (Smaller Disk Drive)
Disk Drive 1
Disk Drive 2
250 GB
400 GB
Disk Drive 1
Disk Drive 2
1 – 250
1 – 250
Unused Space: 150 GB
Not Used
Disk Drives in Logical Drive
RAID 1 Logical Drive = 250 GB
RAID 10 Arrays
A RAID 10 array is built from two or more equal-sized RAID 1 arrays. Adaptec RAID
controllers support a maximum number of 48 disk drives in a RAID 10 array.
Data in a RAID 10 array is both striped and mirrored. Mirroring provides data protection, and
striping improves performance.
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Appendix B: Understanding RAID
●
67
Drive segment size is limited to the size of the smallest disk drive in the array. For instance, an
array with two 250 GB disk drives and two 400 GB disk drives can create two mirrored drive
segments of 250 GB, for a total of 500 GB for the array, as shown in the following figure.
Drive Segment Size (Smallest Disk Drive)
Disk Drive 1
250 GB
250 GB
Disk Drive 2
Disk Drive 1
1
499
3
...
Disk Drive 2
Disk Drive 3
2
1
500
499
Disk Drive 3
Disk Drive 4
4
3
...
...
400 GB
400 GB
Unused Space: 150 GB
Unused Space: 150 GB
Not Used
2
500
Disk Drive 4
4
...
Not Used
Disk Drives in Logical Drive
RAID 10 Logical Drive = 500 GB
Selecting the Best RAID Level
Use this table to select the RAID levels that are most appropriate for the logical drives on your
storage space, based on the number of available disk drives and your requirements for
performance and reliability.
Minimum
RAID
Level
Disk Drive Read
Redundancy Usage
Write
Built-in
Disk
Performance Performance Hot Spare Drives
RAID 0
No
100%
www
ww
www
ww
No
No
No
2
2
4
RAID 1
Yes
Yes
50%
50%
RAID
10
ww
ww
Disk drive usage, read performance, and write performance depend on the number of drives in
the logical drive. In general, the more drives, the better the performance.
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Introduction to SAS
A
In this chapter...
Terminology Used in This Appendix .................................................................................... 58
How Do SAS Devices Communicate?................................................................................... 59
What’s a SAS Connector?....................................................................................................... 60
What do SAS Cables Look Like?............................................................................................ 60
How are Disk Drives Identified in SAS?................................................................................ 60
This section provides a basic overview of the main features of SAS, introduces some common
SAS terms, and explains how SAS differs from parallel SCSI.
Note: For technical articles and tutorials about SAS, refer to the SCSI Trade Association (STATM)
Web site at www.scsita.org
.
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Appendix A: Introduction to SAS
●
58
Terminology Used in This Appendix
For convenience, SAS HostRAID controllers are referred to generically in this appendix as SAS
controllers, HBAs, disk drives, and external disk drive enclosures are referred to as end devices
and expanders are referred to as expander devices.
For convenience, this chapter refers to end devices and expander devices collectively as SAS
devices.
What is SAS?
Legacy parallel SCSI is an interface that lets devices such as computers and disk drives
communicate with each other. Parallel SCSI moves multiple bits of data in parallel, using the
SCSI command set.
SAS is an evolution of parallel SCSI to a point-to-point serial interface. SAS also uses the SCSI
command set, but moves multiple bits of data one at a time. SAS links end devices through
direct-attach connections, or through expander devices.
SAS controllers can typically support up to 128 end devices and can communicate with both
SAS and SATA devices. You can add 128 end devices or even more with the use of SAS
Although you can use both SAS and SATA disk drives in the same SAS domain, Adaptec
recommends that you not combine SAS and SATA disk drives within the same array or logical
drive. The difference in performance between the two types of disk drives may adversely affect
the performance of the array.
Data can move in both directions simultaneously across a SAS connection (called a link—see
next section). Link speed is 600 MB/sec in full-duplex mode. A SAS controller with eight links
has a maximum bandwidth of 4800 MB/sec in full-duplex mode.
Although they share the SCSI command set, SAS is conceptually different from parallel SCSI
physically, and has its own types of connectors, cables, connection options, and terminology, as
described in the rest of this chapter.
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Appendix A: Introduction to SAS
●
59
How Do SAS Devices Communicate?
SAS devices communicate with each other through links. A link is a physical connection
between two phys.
As shown in the following figure, SAS devices contain ports which contain phys (see next
section), and each phy contains one transmitter and one receiver (one transceiver). A phy can
belong to one port only.
SAS Device
SAS Device
link
Narrow
Port
Transmitter
Receiver
Narrow
Receiver
Transmitter
Phy
Phy
Port
SAS Device
Phy
Transmitter
Receiver
Phy
Phy
Wide
Port
Receiver
Transmitter
Transmitter
Receiver
Wide
Port
Receiver
Transmitter
Phy
SAS Device
Transmitter
Receiver
Receiver
Transmitter
Phy
Phy
Phy
Phy
Phy
Phy
Phy
Phy
Transmitter
Receiver
Receiver
Transmitter
Wide
Port
Wide
Port
Transmitter
Receiver
Receiver
Transmitter
Transmitter
Receiver
Receiver
Transmitter
What’s a Phy?
Phys are part of the physical communication connection between SAS devices. Each phy
contains a transceiver that sends data back and forth between SAS devices.
When a connection is formed between two end devices, a link is established from a phy in one
port to a phy in the other port. As shown in the figure above, a wide port can support multiple
independent links simultaneously.
SAS cables physically connect one or more phys on one SAS device to one or more phys on
another SAS device.
What’s a SAS Port?
Note: Because the physical link between SAS devices is from phy to phy, rather than port to port, a
port is more of a virtual concept, different from what is normally considered a port on other types of
RAID controllers and storage devices.
A port is one or more phys. A narrow port contains one phy. A wide port typically contains four
phys.
same SAS address.
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Appendix A: Introduction to SAS
●
60
SAS controller port options vary. A SAS controller with four phys could be configured with one
wide port, with two wide ports that comprise two phys, or with four narrow ports each
containing one phy. (A wide port with four phys is referred to as a 4-wide or 4x port.)
What’s a SAS Address?
Each SAS port is identified with a unique SAS address, which is shared by all phys on that port.
For example, a SAS disk drive might have two narrow ports. Each port has one unique SAS
address. The single phy in each port uses its port’s SAS address.
In another example, a SAS device might have one 4-wide port. That port has one SAS address,
which is shared by all four phys in the port.
Unlike SCSI devices and SCSI IDs, SAS devices self-configure their SAS addresses. User
intervention is not required to set SAS addresses, and SAS addresses cannot be modified.
What’s a SAS Connector?
A SAS or mini-SAS connector is the physical plug or receptacle that you see on a SAS device. It
supports the power and signal line cable. It’s what you plug a SAS cable into, or the end of the
SAS cable that’s being plugged in.
A connector is what forms physical links between phys. Some SAS connectors can support
multiple links. The number of links a SAS connector can support is referred to as its width.
Narrow connectors support a single link; wide connectors support up to four links.
A single SAS device may have one or more connectors. You can use a single SAS connector to
internal SAS connector forms links with four independent disk drives.
Mini-SAS connectors support both internal and external SAS connections. The mini-SAS
connectors are smaller than the standard SAS internal and external connectors. Mini-SAS
connectors support single and multilinks with the ability to scale to future speed needs.
What do SAS Cables Look Like?
Internal SAS cables are narrower than internal parallel SCSI cables. The connectors vary in size
depending on the number of links they support, from single link connectors to 4-wide (or
larger) connectors. Internal fan-out cables let you connect four disk drives to a single 4-wide
connector.
For an example of some internal SAS or mini-SAS cables and an external SAS cable, see
How are Disk Drives Identified in SAS?
In the BIOS and in the management utilities, disk drives are identified with numbers in this
format:
XX:YY:ZZ
where XX is the disk drive count number, YY is the enclosure number, and ZZ is the slot
number (within the enclosure). If the disk drive is not installed in an enclosure, a double
dashes (--) appear instead of YY and ZZ (for instance, 01:--:--).
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Appendix A: Introduction to SAS
●
61
In parallel SCSI, XX is the disk drive’s channel number, YY is the target number, and ZZ is the
logical unit number (LUN).
What are the SAS Connection Options?
You can connect end devices to each other through direct cable connections and through
create large configurations.
Direct-Attach Connections
In a direct-attach connection, SAS or SATA disk drives are connected directly to a SAS
controller with SAS cables. One disk drive is connected to one SAS connector with one SAS
cable or multiple disk drives are connected to one SAS connector with one fan-out cable. The
The number of direct-connected disk drives is limited to the number of phys supported by the
SAS controller.
Backplane Connections
In a backplane connection, disk drives and SAS controllers are connected to and communicate
backplane connections.
There are two types of backplane connections, passive and active. When connecting to either
backplane, it’s important to properly connect your disk drive LEDs in order to identify disk
Activity LED connections and locations.
When connecting to a backplane, the Adaptec Storage Manager enables you to manage your
The number of end devices is limited to the number of slots available on the backplane. For
example, the Adaptec S50 enclosure, which contains an expander, is a backplane connection
that supports up to 12 SAS or SATA disk drives.
Some backplanes support daisy-chain expansion to other backplanes. For example, you can
daisy-chain up to nine Adaptec S50 enclosures to a single SAS controller in a host system.
SAS Expander Connections
A SAS expander device literally expands the number of end devices that you can connect
large configurations of SAS end devices, including SAS controllers and SAS and SATA disk
drives. With expander devices, you can build large and complex storage topologies.
There are two types of SAS expanders: fanout expanders and edge expanders. Each performs a
different role in a storage system. (For more information about how SAS expanders work, refer
You can connect up to 128 SAS ports to an edge expander. (A single edge expander can
therefore support up to 128 SAS addresses.)
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Appendix A: Introduction to SAS
●
62
You can connect up to 128 edge expanders to a fanout expander.
You can use only one fanout expander in any single SAS domain (a topology of SAS—and
possibly SATA—end devices and expander devices). A single SAS domain can therefore
comprise up to 16,384 SAS ports (and therefore up to 16,384 SAS addresses).
The following figure illustrates (in very basic terms) a SAS domain and shows how SAS
controllers, SAS and SATA disk drives, and expander devices can fit together in a large data
storage topology.
SAS Domain
SAS
SATA
Disk Drives
SAS
Disk Drives
SATA
SATA
Disk Drives
SATA
Disk Drives
SATA SAS
SAS Card
Fanout Expander
SAS Card
SAS Card
SATA
Disk Drives
SAS
SAS
SATA
SAS
SATA
Disk Drives
Disk Drives
How is SAS Different from Parallel SCSI?
In summary, although SAS and parallel SCSI use the SCSI command set, how they move data
from one place to another is very different. To support point-to-point serial data transport,
SAS introduces new types of connectors, cables, connection options, and terminology.
Generally speaking, SAS is faster and more flexible than parallel SCSI, and provides more
options for building your storage space. SAS lets you mix SAS and SATA disk drives together,
and lets you connect many, many more devices.
The following table describes many of the main differences between the two interfaces.
Parallel SCSI
Serial Attached SCSI
Parallel interface
Serial interface
Maximum speed 320 MB/sec
shared by all devices on the bus
Maximum speed 600 MB/sec per phy
when in full-duplex mode
Supports SCSI devices only
Supports SATA and SAS disk drives
simultaneously
Up to 16 devices per SCSI channel More than 128 disk drives per SAS
controller, using an expander (see page
61)
Supports single-port devices only
Uses SCSI IDs to differentiate
Supports single- and dual-port devices
Uses unique SAS addresses to
between devices connected to the differentiate between devices
same adapter
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Appendix A: Introduction to SAS
●
63
Parallel SCSI
Serial Attached SCSI
User intervention required to set
SCSI IDs
SAS addresses self-configured by SAS
devices
Requires bus termination
Standard SCSI connectors
Requires no bus termination
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C
Using the ARC Utility
In this chapter...
Formatting and Verifying Disk Drives .................................................................................. 76
The Adaptec RAID Configuration (ARC) utility is an embedded BIOS-based utility that you
can use to create, configure, and manage arrays, and format or verify disk drives.
Note: Adaptec recommends that only advanced users familiar with working in a computer BIOS
use the ARC utility tools.
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Appendix C: Using the ARC Utility
●
69
Introduction to the ARC Utility
The ARC utility comprises these tools:
●
●
●
The Array Configuration Utility (ACU)—Used to create, configure, and manage arrays,
and initialize and rescan disk drives.
SerialSelect Utility (for SAS HostRAID controllers) or SATASelect Utility (for SATA
HostRAID controllers)—Used to change device and HostRAID controller settings.
Running the ARC Utility
All the tools within the ARC utility are menu-based and instructions for completing tasks
display on-screen. Menus can be navigated using the arrows, Enter, Esc, and other keys on your
keyboard.
To run the Utility:
1
Start or restart your computer. When prompted, press Ctrl+A.
The ARC utility menu displays presenting these options:
●
Array Configuration Utility (ACU)
●
SerialSelect or SATASelect Utility (depending on whether you are using a SAS or a
SATA HostRAID controller)
●
Disk utilities
To select an option from this menu, or from any of the menus within the ARC utility setup,
browse with the arrow keys, then press Enter. In some cases, selecting an options displays
another menu. To return to the previous menu at any time, press Esc.
Creating and Managing Arrays
Before creating arrays, make sure the disks for the array are properly connected and installed in
your system. Note that disks with no usable space are shown in gray and cannot be used.
Creating a New Array
To create an array:
1
Select Create Array from the main ACU menu.
Note: For more information about RAID levels and using disk drives to create arrays, see
2
3
Select the disks for the new array, then press Insert. To deselect any disk, highlight the disk,
then press Delete.
Press Enter when all disks for the new array are selected. The Array Properties menu
displays.
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Appendix C: Using the ARC Utility
●
70
Assigning Array Properties
Once the array is created and its properties are assigned, you cannot change the array
properties using the ACU. Instead, use Adaptec Storage Manager. See About Adaptec Storage
To assign properties to the new array:
1
In the Array Properties menu, select an array type, then press Enter.
Only the available array types, RAID 0, 1, and 10 are displayed. RAID 0 and 1 requires two
to four drives. RAID 10 requires a minimum of four disk drives.
2
3
(Optional). Type a label of no more than 15 characters for the array, then press Enter.
For RAID 0, select the desired stripe size. Available stripe sizes are 16, 32, and 64 KB
(default).
Note: It is recommended that you do not change the default.
4
The options under Create RAID Via allows you to select between the different creation
methods for RAID 0, 1, and 10. The following table gives examples of when each is
appropriate.
RAID
Level
Create
RAID Via
When Appropriate
RAID 0
RAID 0
Quick Init
Creating a RAID 0 on new drives.
Migrate
Build
Creating a RAID 0 and you want to preserve data on an existing
drive. You will be asked to select the source drive. The contents of
the source drive are preserved and any data on the new drive is
lost.
RAID 1
Creating a RAID 1 and you want to preserve data on an existing
simple volume. You will be asked to select the source drive. The
contents of the source drive are preserved and any data on the new
drive is lost.
RAID 1,
10
Clear
Creating a RAID 1 or 10 on new drives, or when you want to ensure
that the new array contains no existing data.
RAID 1,
10
Quick Init
Fastest way to create a RAID 1 or 10. Appropriate when using a new
drive.
●
●
Before adding a new drive to an array, back up any data contained on the new drive.
Otherwise, all data will be lost.
Only disk drives that were previously configured as simple volumes can be used for
RAID 0 or 1 migration when the single/source drive has data on it. See Configuring
●
●
If you stop the build or clear process on a RAID 1 from ACU, you can restart it by
pressing Ctrl+R.
A RAID 1 and 10 created using the Quick Init option may return some data
miscompares if you later run a consistency check. This is normal and is not a cause for
concern.
●
●
If you stop the migration process on a RAID 0, you can restart it by pressing Ctrl+R.
To modify the Write Cache setting for an array, press Ctrl+W.
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Appendix C: Using the ARC Utility
●
71
●
●
The ACU allows you to use drives of different sizes in a RAID 1 or RAID 0. However,
during a build operation, only the smaller drive can be selected as the source drive.
When migrating from single volume to RAID 0, migrating from a larger drive to a
smaller drive is allowed. However, the destination drive must be at least half the
capacity of the source drive.
●
It is not recommend that you migrate or build an array on Windows dynamic disks
(volumes), as it will result in data loss.
5
When you are finished, press Done.
Managing Arrays
Select the Manage Arrays option to perform these tasks:
●
●
●
●
Rebuilding Arrays (next section)
Rebuilding Arrays
Note: Rebuilding applies to Fault Tolerant arrays (RAID 1) only.
By replacing a failed drive of a RAID 1 array with a new drive, you can rebuild to get the array
to Optimal status and assume fault tolerance. You can perform a rebuild in the following ways:
Note: If no spare exists and a hard disk drive fails, you need to create a spare before you can
●
System Shutdown Rebuild
You can power off the computer and replace the failed drive with a new one (of equal or
greater capacity). When the system is booted, you can assign the new drive as a spare, and
this will start the Rebuild task. All the data from the good drive is copied to the new one,
and the original RAID 1 array is recreated.
●
Manual Rebuild
a
From the Main Menu, select Manage Arrays. From the List of Arrays, select the array
you want to rebuild.
b
Press Ctrl+R to rebuild.
Viewing Array Properties
To view the properties of an existing array:
1
2
From the ACU menu, select Manage Arrays.
From the List of Arrays dialog box, select the array you want to view, then press Enter.
The Array Properties dialog box appears, showing detailed information on the array. The
physical disks associated with the array are displayed here.
3
Press Esc to return to the previous menu.
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Appendix C: Using the ARC Utility
●
72
Deleting Arrays
Caution: Back up the data on an array before you delete it. Otherwise, all data on the array is
lost. Deleted arrays cannot be restored.
!
To delete an existing array:
1
2
3
From the ACU menu, select Manage Arrays.
Select the array you wish to delete, then press Delete.
In the Array Properties dialog box, select Delete, then press Enter.
For RAID 1 and 10 arrays:
Warning: Deleting the array will render array unusable. Do you want to delete the array?
(Yes/No):
For RAID 0 arrays:
Warning: Deleting the array will result in data loss! Do you want to delete the array? (Yes/
No):
4
5
If you press Yes, select the member:
To delete the partition table, choose the member:
member #0, member #1, both, none
Press Esc to return to the previous menu.
Enabling/Disabling Write Cache
To Enable/Disable Write Cache for an array:
1
2
From the Main menu, select Manage Arrays.
From the List of Arrays, select the array you want to modify the Write Cache setting for,
then press Ctrl+W. A confirmation dialog appears to modify setting. Press Y to change the
current Write Cache setting.
Note: Write Cache is disabled by default when creating all array types. The disk operation may
be very slow with Write Cache off.
Adding/Deleting Hot Spares
Select the Add/Delete Hot Spares option to add, delete, or view hot spares.
1
2
From the ACU menu, select Add/Delete Hot Spares.
Use the up and down arrow keys to highlight the disk you want to designate as a hot spare,
then select Insert>Enter.
3
Press Yes when the following prompt is displayed:
Do you want to create spare? (Yes/No)
The Spare you have selected appears in the Selected Drive menu.
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Appendix C: Using the ARC Utility
●
73
Managing Bootable Arrays and Devices
Select the Manager Boot Unit option to add or remove a bootable array or single drive.
1
2
From the ACU menu, select Manage Boot Unit.
Use the up and down arrow keys to highlight the array or single drive you want to
designate as a bootable device, then select Insert>Enter.
Note: Adaptec 1225SA controller does not support bootable devices.
Configuring Disk Drives
Caution:
!
●
If the drive is used in an array, you may not be able to use the array again. Do not
configure a drive that is part of a boot array. To determine which drives are associated
●
The partition table on the disk will be deleted when deleting a simple volume.
To configure drives:
Note: Configuring disk drives makes a simple volume. A simple volume can be managed like
normal arrays by using the Manage Arrays option on your Main menu.
1
2
From the menu, select Configure Drives.
Use the up and down arrow keys to highlight the disk you wish to configure, then press
Insert.
3
4
5
Repeat the previous step, if you want to add another drive to be configured.
Press Enter.
Read the warning message and ensure that you have selected the correct disk drives to
configure. Type to continue.
Y
ATAPI Support
The following devices are supported:
●
The 1225SA and 1220SA supports detection of SATA ATAPI TAPE Drive and CDROM.
The 1225SA and 1220SA supports booting from the ELTORITO bootable CD/DVD media.
●
If a bootable CD/DVD media is detected, that bootable media gets precedence in the booting
order.
Using SerialSelect
The SerialSelect utility allows you to change the BIOS and SAS HostRAID controller and device
settings without opening the computer cabinet.
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Appendix C: Using the ARC Utility
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74
To access SerialSelect:
1
2
Restart the computer, then press Ctrl+A when prompted to access the ARC utility.
If multiple HostRAID controllers are installed, select the HostRAID controller you want to
configure, then press Enter.
3
4
From the ARC menu, select SerialSelect Utility.
To select a menu option, browse with the arrow keys to the option, then press Enter. In
some cases, selecting an option displays another menu. You can return to the previous
menu at any time by pressing Esc.
5
6
7
To restore the original SerialSelect default values, press F6 from within the SAS Driver and
Controller Configuration screens.
To exit SerialSelect, press Esc until a message prompts you to exit (if you changed any
settings, you are prompted to save the changes before you exit).
At the prompt, select Yes to exit, then press any key to restart the computer. Any changes
you made in SerialSelect take effect after the computer restarts.
SerialSelect Options
The following table lists the available and default settings for each SerialSelect option and the
description of each option. The default settings are appropriate for most systems and appear in
bold type in the table. Adaptec recommends that you do not change the settings.
SerialSelect Options
Controller Configuration
Runtime BIOS
Available Settings
Description
Enabled
Disabled
Disabled:Scan bus
Controls the state of the BIOS at POST time. When
Enabled, the HostRAID controller BIOS allows
the controller to act as a bootable device.
Disabling the BIOS allows another suitable
HostRAID controller to act as the boot device.
BBS Support
Device
Controller
When BBS support is set to Device base, the
system’s BIOS will list each connected bootable
device to the HostRAID controller as an
individual entry. When BBS support is set to
Controller base, the system’s BIOS will only list
the HostRAID controller in the system boot
order. This is useful in a multi-HostRAID
controller configuration.
RAID Support
Enabled
Disabled
When there are active arrays in the system, will
not allow you to Disable RAID support.
POST Banner Display
Enabled
Disabled
When Enabled, the Adaptec banner, version, and
copyright is displayed. When Disabled, the
Adaptec banner, version, and copyright is not
displayed.
CTRL-A Message
Enabled
Disabled
When set to Enabled, the SAS HostRAID
controller BIOS displays the Press <Ctrl> <A> for
ARC Utility message on your screen during system
bootup. If this setting is disabled, you can still
invoke the ARC utility by pressing Ctrl+A after the
SAS HostRAID controller BIOS banner appears.
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Appendix C: Using the ARC Utility
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75
SerialSelect Options
Available Settings
Description
Physical Drives Display
during Post
Enabled
Disabled
When Enabled, connected physical devices are
displayed during system POST. Displaying the
devices adds a few seconds to the overall POST
time.
PHY Configuration
PHY Rate
Auto, 1.5, 3.0
0-F
The data transfer rate between the HostRAID
controller and devices. The default setting is
Automatic, which allows the SAS HostRAID
controller to adjust the speed as needed.
SAS Address
Specifies the last digit of a 64-bit SAS address of
the HostRAID controller, device, and each port
using a globally unique worldwide name (WWN)
identifier.
Controller Properties
PCI Slot: Bus:
Device:Function
None
Displays the path of the storage devices in a Host
RAID controller.
Interrupt (IRQ) Channel
I/O Port Address
Device ID
None
None
None
None
Displays interrupt
Displays I/O port address
Displays device ID
Controller Serial
Number
Displays controller serial number
Controller WWN
None
Displays the controller WWN
Using SATASelect
The SATASelect utility allows you to change the BIOS and SATA HostRAID controller and
device settings without opening the computer cabinet.
To access SATASelect:
1
2
Restart the computer, then press Ctrl+A when prompted to access the ARC utility.
If multiple HostRAID controllers are installed, select the HostRAID controller you want to
configure, then press Enter.
3
4
From the ARC menu, select SATASelect Utility.
To select a menu option, browse with the arrow keys to the option, then press Enter. In
some cases, selecting an option displays another menu. You can return to the previous
menu at any time by pressing Esc.
5
6
7
To restore the default SATASelect values, press F6 from within the SATA Driver and
Controller Configuration screen.
To exit SATASelect, press Esc until a message prompts you to exit (if you changed any
settings, you are prompted to save the changes before you exit).
At the prompt, select Yes to exit, then press any key to restart the computer. Any changes
you made in SATASelect take effect after the computer restarts.
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Appendix C: Using the ARC Utility
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76
SATASelect Options
The following table lists the available and default settings for each SATASelect option and the
description of each option. The default settings are appropriate for most systems and appear in
bold type in the table. Adaptec recommends that you do not change the settings.
SATASelect Options
Controller Configuration
Runtime BIOS
Available Settings
Description
Enabled
Disabled
Disabled:Scan bus
Controls the state of the BIOS at POST time. When
Enabled, the HostRAID controller BIOS allows
the controller to act as a bootable device.
Disabling the BIOS allows another suitable
HostRAID controller to act as the boot device.
BBS Support
Device
Controller
When BBS support is set to Device base, the
system’s BIOS will list each connected bootable
device to the HostRAID controller as an
individual entry. When BBS support is set to
Controller base, the system’s BIOS will only list
the HostRAID controller in the system boot
order. This is useful in a multi-HostRAID
controller configuration.
Physical Drives Display
during Post
Enabled
Disabled
When Enabled, connected physical devices are
displayed during system POST. Displaying the
devices adds a few seconds to the overall POST
time.
SATA Configuration
Write Cache
Enabled
Disabled
Enables or disables write cache on the on legacy
and non-configured drives. Write cache enabled
provides maximum performance. Default is Yes to
enable.
DMA (1420SA only)
Enabled
Disabled
Enables or disables the use of Direct Memory
Access (DMA) mode for the drive. Enabled
provides maximum performance. Default is Yes to
enable.
Device Security Lock
(1430SA & 1220SA
Only)
Enabled
Disabled
Enables or disables the device security lock
option. When enabling this option, a Security
Freeze Lock command is issued to the device.
SMART
Enabled
Disabled
Enables or disables the predictive failure feature
of the disk drive. When enabled the SMART status
of the drive (Healthy or Failed) will be displayed
along with the physical drive display during POST.
If the drive does not support SMART, the SMART
status is not displayed. Default is Yes to enable.
Allow Read Ahead
Enabled
Disabled
Enables or disables the read ahead cache
algorithm on the drive. Enabled provides
maximum performance under most
circumstances. Default is Yes to enable.
Formatting and Verifying Disk Drives
You can use the disk utilities to low-level format or verify your disk drives. (New disk drives
are low-level formatted at the factory and do not need to be low-level formatted again.).
Caution: Before you format a disk drive, back up all data. Formatting destroys all data on a
disk drive.
!
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Appendix C: Using the ARC Utility
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77
To use the disk utilities:
1
2
3
Turn on your computer and press Ctrl+A when prompted to access the ARC utility.
From the ARC utility menu, select Disk Utilities.
Select the desired disk, then press Enter.
●
Format Disk—Simulates a low-level format of the disk drive by writing zeros to the
entire disk. SATA drives are low-level formatted at the factory and do not need to be
low-level formatted again.
Caution: Formatting destroys all data on the disk. Be sure to back up your data
before performing this operation.
!
●
Verify Disk Media—Scans the media of a disk drive for defects.
Locating Disk Drives
Note: This feature is only available with disk drives that have an activity LED.
You can use the Identify Drive feature to physically locate a disk drive by blinking the LED.
To locate a disk drive:
1
2
3
4
5
6
Select the controller you want, then press Enter.
Select Disk Utilities.
Select the disk drive you want, then press Enter.
Select Identify Drive, then press Enter.
When you have finished locating your disk drive, press any key to stop the blinking.
Identifying Disk Drives
You can identify disk drives by viewing the list of disk drives on your system. Only physical
drives that display during POST are shown.
To identify a disk drive:
1
2
3
Select the controller you want, then press Enter.
Select Disk Utilities.
The Disk Utilities view will provide you with the following information:
Location
Model
Rev#
Speed
Size
CN1=DEV1
Box0=Slot0
Exp0=phy0
The manufacturer The revision
The speed of the The size of the
disk drive. disk drive.
information.
number of the
disk drive.
The location information of a disk drive is determined by three types of connections:
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Appendix C: Using the ARC Utility
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78
●
●
●
Direct attached drives—The connection is determined by the cable connected to a device,
for example CN1 (connector 1) is connected to DEV1 (device 1). For more information, see
Storage Enclosure Processor (SEP) managed devices—The connection is determined by an
active backplane. Box0 (enclosure 0) is connected to slot0 (disk drive slot 0 in the
Expanders—The connections is determinded by an expander. Exp0 (expander 0) is
connected to phy0 (phy 0 within a connector). For more information, see SAS Expander
Note: Devices other than disk drives (CDROM, tape drives, etc...) are listed in order after your
system disk drives.
Viewing the Event Log
The BIOS-based event log records all firmware events, such as configuration changes, array
creation, and boot activity.
Some events are not stored indefinitely—the event log is cleared of any non-persistent events
each time you restart your computer; additionally, once the log is full, new events overwrite
old events.
To view the event log:
1
2
3
4
Select the controller you want, then press Enter.
When the utility menu appears, then press Ctrl+P.
Select Controller Log Information, then press Enter.
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D
Using the Adaptec Flash Utility for
DOS
In this Appendix...
Compatibility Information.................................................................................................... 80
Before You Begin .................................................................................................................... 80
This Appendix describes how to use the Adaptec Flash Utility (AFU), a text-based DOS utility
that you can use to update, save, or verify the HostRAID controller’s firmware BIOS.
Caution: Although the AFU contains safeguards to prevent you from accidentally damaging
your HostRAID controller’s flash contents, it is still important to use the AFU carefully and
!
correctly to avoid rendering your HostRAID controller inoperable. Adaptec recommends that
only advanced users familiar with working in DOS use the AFU.
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Appendix D: Using the Adaptec Flash Utility for DOS
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80
Introduction
The AFU is a text-based DOS utility used to update, save, or verify your HostRAID controller’s
firmware BIOS and Non-Volatile Random Access Memory (NVRAM).
The AFU is easy to use and contains safeguards to prevent you from accidentally damaging the
HostRAID controller’s flash contents. Still, you must be careful to use the AFU correctly,
otherwise, you could render the HostRAID controller inoperable.
System Requirements
The requirements for AFU are as follows:
●
MS–DOS version 5.0 or later. It cannot run from a DOS command prompt window under
any version of Windows.
Note: You can’t run the AFU from a DOS command prompt window under any version of Windows.
At least 8 MB of extended memory.
●
Compatibility Information
The AFU has the following compatibility issues:
●
Supports HIMEM.SYS and is compatible with other DOS drivers running under
HIMEM.SYS (for example, SMARTDRV.SYS and SETVER.SYS).
●
Does not support DOS extenders installed in memory, such as EMM386.SYS and
DOS4GW.
Before You Begin
Before running the AFU, complete these tasks:
●
●
Obtaining the Firmware
To obtain HostRAID controller firmware, go to:
The HostRAID Installation CD—Includes the AFU executable (AFU.exe) and a separate flash
image. The flash image may comprise multiple User Flash Image (UFI) files.
The Adaptec Web site (www.adaptec.com)—Download a new firmware file to get the most
recent version of AFU.
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Appendix D: Using the Adaptec Flash Utility for DOS
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81
Creating the Firmware Kit On Floppy Disks
To create the firmware floppy disks:
1
Create a bootable MS–DOS floppy disk and copy these files to it:
●
●
AFU.exe
Axxxx01.ufi
where xxx is the model number of your controller.
Note: Most controller model numbers have a suffix. Check that the .ufi file is the correct file for
your controller before copying.
2
Copy each additional Axxxx0x.ufi file to a separate floppy disk. (Some RAID controllers
have one UFI file; some have two. Each goes onto its own floppy disk.
Running the AFU
You can run the AFU using:
●
●
Running the Menu-Based AFU(next section)
Running the Menu-Based AFU
The easy way to run the AFU is to use its GUI. If you prefer to run the AFU from the command
To access the AFU:
1
Shut down your operating system and reboot to DOS from a bootable MS-DOS floppy
disk or from a DOS partition on a bootable drive. You can use the drive connected to the
HostRAID controller you are updating.
Note: When updating the HostRAID controller flash, controller activity is not possible. Before
you can use the HostRAID controller again, complete the flash operation and restart the
computer.
2
3
At the DOS command prompt (typically A:\>) type AFU,then press Enter.
The AFU’s main menu is displayed.
Select Select Controllers, then select the Adaptec HostRAID controllers to be flashed.
When selecting a single controller, the system automatically selects it. When selecting
multiple controllers, use the spacebar, then press Enter.
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Appendix D: Using the Adaptec Flash Utility for DOS
●
82
4
Select Select an Operation and choose one of these options, then follow the on-screen
instructions.
●
Update—Updates all the flash components on a HostRAID controller with the flash
image data from a User Flash Image (UFI) file. The AFU updates the HostRAID
controller’s flash by reading UFI files and writing them to the controller’s flash
components.
Note: The UFI includes the HostRAID controller’s type, thereby ensuring that the AFU uses
the correct file.
●
●
Save—Updates and verifies the BIOS image of the HostRAID controller.
Verify—Reads the contents of a HostRAID controller’s flash components and
compares it to the contents of the specified UFI file.
●
Version—Displays version information about a HostRAID controller’s flash
components.
●
List—Lists all supported HostRAID controllers detected in your system.
Running the AFU from the Command Line
At the DOS command prompt (typically A:\>), type AFUfollowed by a command and any
switches. The AFU processes the command, prompts you to insert additional floppy disks as
needed, exits, and reports success or an error message code. The available commands are
summarized in in alphabetical order.
AFU Commands
You can manage your HostRAID controller’s BIOS firmware using these commands:
●
●
●
●
●
●
HELP (next section)
HELP
The HELPcommand displays a summary of AFU functions and command switches.
Examples
The following are examples of command syntax that will work to get help:
A:\> AFU HELP
A:\> AFU /?
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Appendix D: Using the Adaptec Flash Utility for DOS
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83
LIST
The LISTcommand displays the AFU-supported HostRAID controllers installed on your
computer. Use this command to see which HostRAID controllers are installed, or to identify
the ID numbers assigned to each physical controller.
You do not have to restart the computer after completing this command.
Example
This example shows a typical system response to a LISTcommand:
A:\> AFU LIST
Adaptec Flash Utility V1.0-0 B1406
(c)Adaptec Inc. 1999–2005. All Rights Reserved.
Controllers Detected and Recognized:
Controller #0 (03:01:00) Adaptec ASC-48300
SAVE
The SAVEcommand saves the contents of a HostRAID controller’s flash in a UFI file. The name
of the UFI file is based on the HostRAID controller type and cannot be changed.
Command Syntax
The command syntax for the SAVEcommand is as follows:
AFU SAVE [/C<Controller ID>] [/D <UFI File Path>]
Command Switches
The following switches are available:
●
/C <Controller ID> is one or more HostRAID controller IDs representing the set of
controllers on which to perform the specified command. The default is 0, which means
that if the computer has multiple HostRAID controllers, the AFU defaults to controller 0
unless you specify otherwise.
To specify a single HostRAID controller ID, for example:/C 0
To specify multiple IDs separated by commas, for example: /C 0,2
To represent all HostRAID controllers: ALL
Note: If you are using multiple HostRAID controllers, you must specify the controller you want
by using the /C switch; otherwise, the AFU displays an error message and exits. You cannot
select ALL HostRAID controllers when specifying SAVE.
●
/D <UFI File Path> specifies the path (drive and directory) where the UFI files are located.
If you do not specify the /D switch, the AFU looks for, or creates, UFI files in the default
location.
Note: You cannot specify the name of a UFI file, only its path. UFI filenames are predefined,
based on the HostRAID controller type.
Examples
In the following example, the AFU saves flash contents from HostRAID controller 0 to a UFI
file in the current default drive and directory:
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Appendix D: Using the Adaptec Flash Utility for DOS
●
84
A:\> AFU SAVE /C 0
In the following example, the AFU saves flash contents from Controller 1 to a UFI file in
C:\UFI_FILES.
A:\> AFU SAVE /C 1 /D C:\UFI_FILES
UPDATE
The UPDATEcommand updates a HostRAID controller’s flash components from the flash image
data in a UFI file. You can use the UPDATEcommand to update a single HostRAID controller’s
flash components or to update multiple HostRAID controllers on your computer.
You must restart the computer following an UPDATEcommand.
Command Syntax
The command syntax for the UPDATEcommand is as follows:
AFU UPDATE [/C<Controller ID>] [/D <UFI File Path>]
Command Switches
Examples
The following example shows a typical system response after an update has been performed:
A:\> AFU UPDATE /C 0
Adaptec Flash Utility V1.0-0 B1406
(c)Adaptec Inc. 1999–2005. All Rights Reserved.
Updating Controller 0 (Adaptec ASC-48300)
Reading flash image file (Build 1406)
AFU is about to update firmware on controller(s) Adaptec ASC-48300
***PLEASE DO NOT REBOOT THE SYSTEM DURING THE UPDATE***
This might take a few minutes.
Writing Adaptec ASC-48300 (4MB) Flash Image to controller 0...OK.
Verifying...OK
Please restart the computer to allow firmware changes to take effect.
VERIFY
The VERIFYcommand compares the contents of each of the flash components on a HostRAID
controller to the corresponding image in a UFI file and indicates whether they match. Use this
command to determine whether a HostRAID controller’s flash components are up-to-date
when compared to a specific UFI file.
Command Syntax
The command syntax for the VERIFYcommand is as follows:
AFU VERIFY [/C<Controller ID>] [/D <UFI File Path>]
Command Switches
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Appendix D: Using the Adaptec Flash Utility for DOS
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85
Example
The following example shows a typical system response after a VERIFYcommand has been
performed:
A:\> AFU VERIFY /C 0
Adaptec Flash Utility V1.0-0 B1406
(c)Adaptec Inc. 1999–2005. All Rights Reserved.
Reading flash image file (Build 1406)
Controller #0: Adaptec ASC-48300
File: Checksum: 642C [VALID] (Build 1406)
File: Checksum: 642C [VALID] (Build 1406)
Verified Successfully
VERSION
The VERSIONcommand displays version information about the flash components on a
HostRAID controller.
Command Syntax
The command syntax for the VERSIONcommand is as follows:
AFU VERSION [/C<Controller ID>]
Command Switches
Example
The following example displays version information about all supported HostRAID
controllers:
A:\> AFU VERSION /C 0
Adaptec Flash Utility V1.0-0 B1406
(c)Adaptec Inc. 1999–2005. All Rights Reserved.
Version Information for Controller #0 (Adaptec ASC-48300)
ROM: Build 1406 [VALID]
Updating Flash Using AFU Command Line
This section provides step-by step instructions for updating the flash.
1
2
Power off your computer, insert the first AFU floppy disk, then power on your computer.
If your computer isn’t set up to boot from the bootable floppy disk, enter the system setup
utility to change the setting.
3
4
At the DOS command, if you have multiple controllers and you don’t know the number of
the controller you want to update, type AFU LIST, then press Enter. Otherwise, skip to the
next step.
you want.
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Appendix D: Using the Adaptec Flash Utility for DOS
●
86
5
Update the flash using the instructions suitable for your requirements:
To update a single HostRAID controller:
●
AFU UPDATE /C <cont_number
>
Where <cont_number> is the number of the RAID controller whose firmware you
are updating. For example, to upgrade Controller 0, type AFU UPDATE /C 0
●
To update multiple HostRAID controllers:
AFU UPDATE /C <cont_number_a>,<cont_number_b
>
Where <controller_number_a> and <controller_number_b> are the
numbers of the Adaptec RAID controllers whose firmware you are updating. For
example, to upgrade controllers 0, 2, and 3, type AFU UPDATE /C 0, 2, 3.
●
To update all HostRAID controllers simultaneously:
AFU UPDATE /C all
Note: The UFI file identifies the RAID controllers, so you don’t have to worry about flashing
the wrong controller.
6
When prompted, insert the first firmware disk into your floppy disk drive.
The AFU reads the first disk.
7
8
When prompted, remove the first firmware disk and insert the second firmware disk into
your floppy disk drive.
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HostRAID Controller LED and I2C
Connector Reference
E
In this appendix...
Adaptec 1220SA Activity LED Connector Specification...................................................... 91
This chapter provides a activity LED and I2C connector reference for HostRAID controllers.
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Appendix E: HostRAID Controller LED and I2C Connector Reference
●
88
Adaptec 58300 Activity LED Connector Specification
2220600-R
ASC-58300 RoHS Kit
J3—Aggregate Activity LED Header
Pin Number
Signal
Description
1
2
BUSYLED-
+3.3V
Aggregate Cathode
Aggregate Anode
Note: Aggregate LED signals only.
There is no I2C function on this controller as all ports are external.
Adaptec 48300 Activity LED Connector Specification
2216400-R
2254000-R
ASC-48300 with I2C HR RoHS Kit
ASC-48300 I2C RoHS Single
J3—Aggregate Activity LED Header
Pin Number
Signal
Description
1
2
BUSYLED-
+3.3V
Aggregate Cathode
Aggregate Anode
Note: Aggregate LED signals only.
There is no separate I2C connector. I2C signals are contained within the side band signals of
the SFF-8484 connector.
J4—SFF-8484 Connector
Pin Number
Signal
Description
14
15
16
17
18
19
I2C_CLK
I2C_DAT
GND
SB0 - 2W_SCL
SB1- 2W_SDA
SB2 - Ground
GND
SB3 - Ground
RST_OUT
BKPL_ID
SB4 - Reset
SB5 - Backplane Address
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Appendix E: HostRAID Controller LED and I2C Connector Reference
●
89
Adaptec 44300 Activity LED Connector Specification
2220300-R
2253900-R
ASC-44300 RoHS Kit
ASC-44300 RoHS Single
J3—Aggregate Activity LED Header
Pin Number
Signal
Description
1
2
BUSYLED-
+3.3V
Aggregate Cathode
Aggregate Anode
Note: Aggregate LED signals only.
There is no separate I2C connector. I2C signals are contained within the side band signals of
the SFF-8484 connector.
J4—SFF-8484 Connector
Pin Number
Signal
Description
14
15
16
17
18
19
I2C_CLK
I2C_DAT
GND
SB0 - 2W_SCL
SB1- 2W_SDA
SB2 - Ground
SB3 - Ground
SB4 - Reset
GND
RST_OUT
BKPL_ID
SB5 - Backplane
Address
Adaptec 1430SA Activity LED and I2C Connector Specification
2240900-R
2240900JA-R
2241000-R
AAR-1430SA RoHS Kit
AAR-1430SA RoHS Kit
AAR-1430SA RoHS Single
J1—LED Connector
Pin Number
Signal
Description
1
2
3
4
LED_OUT0-
LED OUT 1-
LED OUT 2-
LED OUT 3-
PORT 0 Cathode
PORT 1 Cathode
PORT 2 Cathode
PORT 3 Cathode
Note: Board circuitry supports common anode backplane implementations.
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Appendix E: HostRAID Controller LED and I2C Connector Reference
●
90
J2—I2C Connector
Pin Number
Signal
Description
I2C Data
Ground
1
2
3
TWSISDA
GND
TWSISCK
I2C Clock
J3—Aggregate LED Header
Pin Number
Signal
Description
1
LED_SUM
+3.3V
Aggregate Cathode
Aggregate Anode
2
J4—Activity LED Connector
Pin Number
Signal
Description
22-55-2081
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
ACT_LED3-
+3.3V
PORT 3 Cathode
PORT 3 Anode
PORT 2 Cathode
PORT 2 Anode
PORT 1 Cathode
PORT 1 Anode
PORT 0 Cathode
PORT 0 Anode
2
1
4
3
6
5
8
7
ACT_LED2-
+3.3V
ACT_LED1-
+3.3V
ACT_LED0-
+3.3V
Adaptec 1420SA Activity LED and I2C Connector Specification
2170200EU-R
2170200JA-R
2170200-R
AAR-1420SA/EFIGS RoHS KIT
AAR-1420SA/JA RoHS KIT
AAR-1420SA RoHS KIT
2170500-R
AAR-1420SA RoHS Single
J2—LED Connector
Pin Number
Signal
Description
1
2
3
4
LED OUT0-
LED OUT 1-
LED OUT 2-
LED OUT 3-
PORT 0 Cathode
PORT 1 Cathode
PORT 2 Cathode
PORT 3 Cathode
Note: Board circuitry supports common anode backplane implementations.
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Appendix E: HostRAID Controller LED and I2C Connector Reference
●
91
J7—Aggregate Activity LED Header
Pin Number
Signal
Description
1
LED_SUM
+3.3V
Aggregate Cathode
Aggregate Anode
2
J1—I2C Connector
Pin Number
Signal
TWSISDA
Description
1
2
3
I2C Data
Ground
GND
TWSISCK
I2C Clock
Adaptec 1220SA Activity LED Connector Specification
2232100-R
AAR-1220SA RoHS Kit
AAR-1220SA RoHS Kit
2232100JA-R
J1—Activity LED Connector
Pin Number
Signal
Description
1
2
3
4
ACT_LED1-
+3.3V
PORT 1 Cathode
PORT 1 Anode
PORT 0 Cathode
PORT 0 Anode
ACT_LED0-
+3.3V
Note: Board circuitry supports common anode backplane implementations.
Adaptec 1225SA Activity LED Specification
2257700-R
2257700JA-R
2257800-R
AAR-1225SA RoHS Kit
AAR-1225SA RoHS Kit
AAR-1225SA RoHS Single
J1—Activity LED Connector
Pin Number
Signal
Description
1
2
3
4
ACT_LED1-
+3.3V
PORT 1 Cathode
PORT 1 Anode
PORT 0 Cathode
PORT 0 Anode
ACT_LED0-
+3.3V
Note: Board circuitry supports common anode backplane implementations.
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Safety Information
F
To ensure your personal safety and the safety of your equipment:
●
●
Keep your work area and the computer clean and clear of debris.
Before opening the system cabinet, unplug the power cord.
Electrostatic Discharge(ESD)
Caution: ESD can damage electronic components when they are improperly handled, and can
result in total or intermittent failures. Always follow ESD-prevention procedures when removing
and replacing components.
!
To prevent ESD damage:
●
●
●
●
Use an ESD wrist or ankle strap and ensure that it makes skin contact. Connect the
equipment end of the strap to an unpainted metal surface on the chassis.
If a wrist strap is not available, ground yourself by touching the metal chassis before
handling the controller or any oth er part of the computer.
Avoid touching the controller against your clothing. The wrist strap protects components
from ESD on the body only.
Handle the controller by its bracket or edges only. Avoid touching the printed circuit board
or the connectors.
●
●
Put the controller down only on an antistatic surface such as the bag supplied in your kit.
If you are returning the controller to Adaptec, put it back in its antistatic bag immediately.
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Technical Specifications
G
In this chapter...
Environmental Specifications................................................................................................ 94
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Appendix G: Technical Specifications
●
94
Environmental Specifications
Ambient temperature without forced 0°C to 40°C
airflow
Ambient temperature with forced
airflow of atleast 200 CFM
0°C to 55°C
Relative humidity
Altitude
10% to 90%, noncondensing
up to 3,000 meters
Note: Forced airflow is recommended, but not required.
DC Power Requirements
PCI, PCI-X, PCIe
PCI, PCIX
PCIe
Ripple and noise 50mV peak-to-peak (max)
DC Voltage
DC Voltage
5V ±5%, 3.3V ± 10%
3.3V ± 10%
Current Requirements
Adaptec Model
ASC-58300
ASC-48300
ASC-44300
AAR-1430SA
AAR-1420SA
AAR-1220SA
AAR-1225SA
Maximum Current (A)
0.56A
1.322A
.445A
1.5A
1.5A
1.5A
1.5A
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Glossary
A
activity
ACU
Array Configuration Utility. An application used to create, configure, and manage arrays from the
controller’s BIOS or MS-DOS.
array
A logical disk created from available space and made up of one or more segments on one or more physical
disks. Arrays are typically used to provide data redundancy or enhanced I/O performance. See volume,
array initialization
ATA
AT Bus Attachment. Standard parallel interface to IDE hard disks typically used in desktop computers and
some entry-level servers. Serial ATA (SATA), is a successor to parallel ATA, which is sometimes referred to
as PATA.
available space/segment
Unused space on a configured disk from which logical devices (arrays) are created. When an array is
deleted, the space that it used is returned to the available space pool.
B
background consistency check
Option that forces the controller to constantly check all portions of disks used by all arrays to see if the disks
bad segment
Segment that is in an unknown state.
bootable array
Array configured as the boot device.
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Glossary
●
96
build
Background initialization of a redundant array. The array is accessible throughout. RAID 1 copies the
bus
C
cache
Fast-access memory on the controller that serves as intermediate storage for data that is read from, or
written to, drives.
capacity
Total usable space available in megabytes or gigabytes.
channel
Any path, or bus, used for the transfer of data and the control of information between storage devices and a
RAID controller. For SATA channels, each channel has a single drive capacity.
check point
A feature that enables you to exit the ACU when an operation is in progress and be able to continue without
interruption. The driver then resumes the operation from where the BIOS left off and the BIOS resumes the
operation where the driver left off.
chunk
clear
Foreground initialization of a fault-tolerant array. A clear operation zeros all blocks of the array. The array
is not accessible until the clear task is complete.
concatenation
Joining of physical or logical drives in sequential order.
configure
Process of preparing a disk for use by the controller. When a disk is configured, the controller records the
RAID signature on the disk.
configured array
An array that is ready for data reads and writes. Arrays can be configured by build or clear.
consistency check command
Command that reads all the blocks of a RAID 1 to determine if the blocks are consistent. Any inconsistent
blocks are fixed.
D
dead partition
degraded
A redundant (for example, a RAID 1) array in which one or more members have failed. The data is intact
but redundancy has been compromised. Any further failure would cause the array to fail and result in data
loss.
disk
Physical disk drive. Randomly accessible, rewriteable data storage device. Also called hard disk.
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Glossary
●
97
disk ID
Unique disk identifier that consists of the channel number, SATA ID. For example, (channel:ID:LUN)
drive LED
Disk indicator LED that illuminates during read or write operations.
E
event
Notification or alert from the system, indicating that a change has occurred.
event log
File used to maintain information about prior controller activities or errors.
event notification
Process for transmitting events.
F
failed
State of a nonredundant array that has suffered a single drive failure, or a redundant array that has suffered
multiple drive failures. A failed array is inaccessible and data is lost.
fault-tolerant array
Refers to an array that can continue to function after a disk drive failure without loss of data. Fault tolerant,
foreign disk
Disk that has previously been configured on another Adaptec RAID controller. The RAID signature on the
disk allows the RAID controller to identify whether or not the disk was configured on the controller it is
currently connected to.
H
hard disk drive
hot spare
A spare hard disk that automatically replaces a failed hard disk on any array associated with any HBA.
hot swap
To remove a component from a system, and install a new component while the power is on and the system
is running.
I
impacted
An impacted array is one which has been created but for some reason the initial build operation did not
complete. All member drives are present and operational, and all data written to the array is protected. To
optimize the array, run a Verify with Fix Task.
initialize
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Glossary
●
98
L
legacy disk
Disk that contained a valid partition table when connected to the controller. The controller manages the
disk as a legacy disk array where there is a one-to-one logical-to-physical mapping of array to disk.
logical device
Volume comprised of space from one or more physical drives and presented to the operating system as if it
were a single storage unit.
low-level format
Process performed by the drive firmware that completely cleans any data off the hard disk.
M
mirrored array/mirroring
monitoring
Process of receiving, displaying, and logging system events.
N
Native Command Queuing
Allows disk drives to arrange commands into the most efficient order for optimum performance.
O
offline array
Array that can no longer be accessed.
optimal
The state of an array when it is fully operational. For redundant arrays, the entire array is protected.
P
partition
A section of a disk storage device created by the operating system disk management program, in which data
and/or software programs are stored. Computers have a primary operating system partition that contains
the special files needed to boot the computer. Each operating system partition is assigned a unique drive
letter, such as C or D. A single disk device can have multiple partitions.
phantom object
Object that represents a component that cannot be configured by the controller management software; for
example, a missing drive.
Q
quick init
An array configured using the Quick Init option is available immediately, with no on-going background
controller activity. All data written to an array that has been quick configured is protected.
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Glossary
●
99
R
RAID
Redundant Array of Independent Disks (alternative definition Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks).
RAID 0
A single-level array consisting of two or more equal-sized segments residing on different disks. RAID 0
distributes data evenly across its respective drives in equal-sized sections called stripes. RAID 0 arrays are
not redundant.
RAID 1
Single-level array consisting of two equal segments residing on two different drives. Provides redundancy
RAID 10
Spanned array consisting of two or more equal-sized RAID 1 arrays. Provides redundancy by striping and
mirroring. Mirroring provides data protection, and striping improves performance. See mirrored array/
RAID signature
The area on each disk reserved for use by the RAID controller.
RAID volume
Concatenates two or more arrays of the same type.
rebuild
Background regeneration of redundant data on a RAID 1.
redundant
The ability of an array to maintain operability when one or more hardware failures occur. RAID 1 is
redundant. In the event of a drive failure, redundant arrays can be restored to normal operation by
replacing the failed drive and rebuilding the array.
rescan
Process of updating the current screen to show all currently available resources.
S
Serial Attached SCSI (SAS)
An evolution of parallel SCSI to a point-to-point serial interface
Serial ATA (SATA)
A successor to ATA that uses a serial, instead of parallel, interface.
simple volume
A volume made up of disk space from a single disk. It can consist of a single region on a disk, or
concatenated multiple regions of the same disk.
single-level array
snapshot
Instantaneous read-only copy of an array at a precise point in time.
stripe
Contiguous set of data distributed across all the disks in an array. A striped array distributes data evenly
across all members in equal-sized sections called stripes.
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Glossary
●
100
stripe size
The amount of data in each section of a striped array.
striped array
T
task
An operation that occurs only on the RAID controller, asynchronous to all other operations; for example,
initializing a disk or verifying an array. Some tasks can take an extended period of time, particularly if the
RAID controller is also performing intensive data I/O while the task is running.
V
verify
Low-level check that a drive, logical device, or hot spare is good. In a RAID 1, verify is a low-level check that
contents of both members’ segments are consistent and, optionally, corrects errors while assuming that the
master drive is correct. In a simple volume, verify performs a low-level check that the whole drive can be
read.
volume
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Index
failure recovery
multiple arrays 55
multiple disk drives 55
with hot spare 54
without hot spare 54
recovering from failure 54
SAS identifiers 60
A
creating arrays 69
Adaptec customer support
Adaptec Storage Manager
installing 51
drivers
installing on Linux 48
AFU 80
installing on NetWare 48
installing on Windows 47
arrays
creating (ACU) 69
non-RAID 65
RAID 1 66
E
electrostatic discharge 92
end devices 58
event log 78
RAID 10 66
expander connections 61
expander devices 58
B
F
C
connectors 77
controllers
event log 78
flashing 55
multiple arrays 55
multiple disk drives 55
without hot spare 54
flashing controllers 55
resetting 55
customer support
H
D
data striping 65
I
installation
disk drives (SAS) 30
disk drives (SATA) 32
SAS backplane 31
connecting to SAS controllers 30
connecting to SATA controllers 32
connections 77
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Index
●
95
SAS direct-attach 31
SAS devices 58
SAS domain 62
terminology 58
transceivers 59
wide connectors 60
wide ports 59
L
links (SAS) 59
Linux
driver installation 48
SAS controllers
connecting disk drives 30
SAS devices 58
SATA controllers
connecting disk drives 32
SATASelect
N
NetWare
driver installation 48
non-RAID arrays 65
using settings 75
SCSI
P
comparison to SAS 62
SerialSelect
using settings 74
storage management
ACU 69
phys 59
R
definition 65
RAID 0 65
RAID 1 66
RAID 10 66
AFU 80
Red Hat
driver installation 48
resetting controllers 55
storage space 12
stripe, definition 65
stripe-unit size
definition 65
performance tuning 65
SuSE
S
driver installation 48
4-wide ports 60
cables 60
comparison to parallel SCSI 62
connectors 60
T
technical support
Technical Support Identification (TSID) number
terminology 12
Adaptec Storage Manager 12
controllers 58
description 58
SAS 58
throughput 65
tools
disk drive identifiers 60
end devices 58
expander connections 61
expander devices 58
fanout expanders 61
link speed 58
ACU 69
AFU 80
SerialSelect utilities
SerialSelect 73
TSID Number
links 59
See Technical Support Identification Number
narrow connectors 60
narrow ports 59
phys 59
ports 59
SAS address 60
U
utilities
AFU 80
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Adaptec, Inc.
691 South Milpitas Boulevard
Milpitas, CA 95035 USA
©2007 Adaptec, Inc.
All rights reserved. Adaptec and the Adaptec logo are
trademarks of Adaptec, Inc. which may be
registered in some jurisdictions.
Part Number:CDP-00222-03-A, Rev A
GS 11/07
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