Apple RanaSystems Elite Series User Manual

RanaSystems  
EliteSeries  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
PREFACE  
HARDWARE WARRANTY  
Rana Systems warrants to the original user of  
an Elite Series Product, including any  
associated software, that the product shall he  
free of defects resulting from faulty  
manufacture .of the product or its components for  
a period .of ninety (90) days from the date of  
sale. Rana Systems makes no warranties  
regarding the satisfactory performance, mer—  
chantability, or fitness for any particular  
purpose, of the product or its associated soft-  
ware. Defects covered by this warranty shall be  
corrected either by repair or, at Rana Systems  
discretion, by replacement. In the event of  
replacement, the replacement unit will he war-  
ranted for the remainder of the original ninety  
(90) day period or thirty (30) .days, whichever  
is longer.  
There are no warranties, express or implied,  
including hut not limited to those of merchant-  
ability or fitness for a particular purpose,  
which, extend beyond the description and duration  
set forth herein. Rana Systems’ sole obligation  
under this warranty is limited to the repair or  
replacement .of a defective product and Rana  
Systems shall not, in any event,, he liable for  
any incidental or consequential damages of any  
kind resulting from use or possession of this  
product.  
This warranty gives you specific legal rights,  
and you may also have other rights which vary from  
state to. state.  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
PREFACE  
ADDITIONAL WARRANTY INFORMATION  
Rana Systems makes no warranties, either express  
or implied, with respect to this manual or with  
respect to the software described in this  
manual, its quality, performance, merchant-  
ability, or fitness for any particular purpose.  
Rana Systems software is supplied “as is”. The  
entire risk as to its quality and performance is  
with the buyer. Should the programs or utili-  
ties prove defective following receipt, the  
buyer (and not Rana Systems, its distributor, or  
its retailer) assumes the entire cost of all  
necessary servicing, repair, or correction and  
any incidental or consequential damages. In no  
event will Rana Systems be liable for direct,  
indirect, incidental, or consequential damages  
resulting from any defect in the software, even  
if Rana Systems has been advised of the possi -  
bility of such damages. Rana Systems reserves  
the right to make improvements in the products  
described in this manual at any time and without  
notice. Some states do not allow the exclusion  
or limitation of implied warranties or liability  
for incidental or consequential damages, so the  
above limitation or exclusion may not apply to  
you.  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
SERVICE INFORMATION  
PREFACE  
If your Elite Series product requires repair,  
please return it to the dealer from whom it was  
purchased. If it is not possible to return the  
product to your dealer, you may contact Rana  
Systems directly for factory or regional service  
information. You are responsible for all  
shipping or postage charges incurred upon  
shipment to Rana Systems or any designated Rana  
Systems service center. Rana Systems or our  
designated service center. will prepay all  
shipping charges incurred upon return shipment  
to you, provided the shipment is via a method  
acceptable to the factory and/or service center.  
Return shipping charges on out off warranty units  
may be included in the repair charges, at the  
discretion off Rana Systems or our service centers.  
All returns to Rana Systems or our service  
centers must be accompanied by a Material Return  
Authorization number (MRA), written prominently  
on the outside of the shipping container. MRA  
numbers must be obtained directly from Rana  
Systems or the service center to which the  
product will be shipped. One service center  
cannot necessarily supply a MRA number for  
another service center.  
If the repair is required during the warranty  
period, proof off purchase must be enclosed with  
the product. During warranty, we will replace  
or repair your Elite Series product without any  
parts or labor charges to you. If the Elite  
Series product requires service after the  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
PREFACE  
warranty period expires, it will be repaired for  
a flat fee. Inquiries regarding repair charges  
on products being returned to Rana Systems or  
one of our service centers for service should be  
made directly to Rana Systems.  
Neither Rana Systems nor our service, centers  
assume responsibility for any loss or damage  
incurred during transit to or from the factory  
or service center, claims, arising from such  
loss or damage should be filed immediately with  
the shipping company. Carriers generally do not  
assume responsibility for any damage due to  
improper packaging, so all return shipments to  
Rana Systems or our service centers should be  
properly packaged. Return shipments to you will  
be packaged with the same considerations which  
new units receive.  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
CONTENTS  
LIST OF FIGURES  
6-2: Elite One Characteristics (cont.)..... 3  
A-1: FM Recording Pattern.................. 11  
A-2: FM Bit Cell........................... 12  
A-3: FM Byte Recording..................... 13  
A-4: Reading Data.......................... 14  
A-5: Writing Data.......................... 16  
A-6: Track Formatting...................... 18  
A-7: Self-Sync Byte........................ 19  
A-8: Read Syncronizing..................... 22  
A-9: Unsyncronized Write................... 24  
A-10: Data Field Shifting.................. 25  
A-11: Address Field........................ 26  
A-12: Data Field........................... 28  
A-13: 4—plus—4 Encoding.................... 31  
A-14: 4—plus-4 Decoding.................... 32  
A-15: 5-plus-3 Encoding.................... 34  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
CONTENTS  
A-16: 5-plus-3 Conversion Table............ 35  
A-17: Data encoding........................ 37  
A-18: Data Decoding........................ 38  
A-19: 6—plus—2 Encoding.................... 39  
A-20: 6—plus—2 Conversion Table............ 40  
A-21: Standard System Interleaves.......... 43  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
INTRODUCTION  
0.0  
INTRODUCTION  
Congratulations! Now that you have bought one of  
the totally new elite Series products, you have  
done more for your Apple than Apple could do.  
If you are an Elite Controller card user, you’ll  
find it is designed specifically to solve one of  
the major problems sophisticated Apple II users  
have these days: too many cards, not enough  
slots. The Elite Controller’s ability to  
handle four drives from just one slot provides a  
perfect solution. And in addition, if you have  
a library of diskettes which go back to the  
ancient 13—sector WS days, the Elite Controller  
allows you to autoboot these diskettes without  
any awkward pre-boot diskettes or controller  
card jumpers.  
If you are an Elite Series drive user, the high  
capacity of your new drive will immediately help  
you to obtain the maximum efficiency from your  
existing Apple II hardware and software.  
Holding more information is even more valuable  
when you can get to it faster, so your new drive  
has engineered into it a head positioning mech-  
anism that positions up to three times faster  
across the diskette with greater accuracy than  
Apple’s.  
We at RANA know that modern business and profes—  
sional needs have outstripped many of the early  
Apple designs but our cost effective improve-  
ments make the sophisticated Elite Series  
Page 0—1  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
INTRODUCTION  
Products less expensive to run in the  
comparisions which count: price per kilobyte of  
drive storage and expandability per controller  
card purchased.  
We are proud off the Elite Series, and we know  
you will be too.  
Ta achieve the best results and the most enjoy-  
ment from your new Elite Product, we suggest you  
read this manual carefully.  
We have tried to avoid including too many tech-  
nicalities hut,. if you feel we have gone beyond  
what you require, please hear with us. Like we  
said, we are proud of our products too!  
Page 0-2  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL INSTALLATION  
1.  
INSTALLATION  
1.1.  
Unpacking  
During unpacking, care should be taken to ensure  
that all tools are nonmaqnetic and do not in-  
flict damage to the unit. Carefully unwrap the  
package and save the material which will be  
useful in the future for protection during stor-  
age or travel.  
Before attempting to use an Elite disk drive,  
check for a protective shipping diskette inside  
the drive. Elite One drives do not require a  
protective diskettes, so were may or may not be  
one in the drive.  
NOTE:  
Before  
connecting  
or  
disconnecting  
ANY  
equipment TURN OFF ALL COMPUTER AND PERIPHERAL  
POWER.  
1.2.  
Connecting Drive Cables  
A flat ribbon cable is already connected to your  
Elite Series or Disk II disk drive(s). The  
other end of these cables must be connected to  
your disk controller card. For you first drive,  
connect the drive to the upper set of pins. Be  
sure to orient pin one on the connector with pin  
one on the controller- card, Pin one on the  
connector is marked with a small arrow, Pin one  
on the controller card is numbered.  
If this connection is incorrectly made, consid-  
erable damage may be done to the electronics of  
Page 1-1  
 
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
INSTALLATION  
both the drive and the controller. Be sure to  
make the connection BEFORE installing the  
controller card into the Apple motherboard.  
If you are installing a second disk drive, you  
should connect: the ribbon cable from the second  
drive onto the next set. of pins down on the  
controller card marked “DRIVE 2”, taking the  
same precautions as above.  
If you are connecting and third (and fourth)  
drive to an Elite Controller, they would be  
connected to the third and fourth set of pins  
from the top down. Once again, be sure to  
orient pin one correctly.  
1.3.  
Installing Your Controller Card  
To install your controller card into the Apple,  
simply plug the card into any slot (except zero)  
in the back of the Apple II motherboard as  
follows:  
1. With the power switch OFF, remove the top  
cover from the Apple II computer by lifting from  
the rear edge.  
2. Choose a slot which would be correct for your  
application. Most packages which run under  
Apple DOS (or are protected from copying) do not  
care which slot you use for your drives; however  
the more advanced operating systems (like CP/M  
and Apple Pascal) require that your first  
controller card be located in slot six. This has  
made slot six the “standard” slot for a disk  
controller card, so you should consider placing  
Page 1-2  
 
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
INSTALLATION  
you controller in that slot.  
3.  
Insert the gold covered “fingers” into the  
slot and GENTLY rock the controller card into a  
firmly seated position.  
4. Adjust your ribbon cables so they pass easily  
out through the back of the computer through the  
vertical openings in the rear of the case.  
5.  
If you wish to install a second controller  
card, the same procedure outlined above would be  
used; except the “standard” slot number for  
second controllers is slot five. A third  
controller would normally go in slot four.  
6.  
Replace the lid, remembering to slide the  
front edge into the case first, then press down  
on the two rear corners until they pop into  
place.  
7.  
Your Elite product is now installed and the  
Apple II can be turned on. Your disk drive(s)  
can be placed in a convenient location, usually  
along side or on top of the computer.  
See figures 1. and 1.2 for correct cable connec-  
tions to the Elite and Disk If controller cards.  
Page 1-3  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
INSTALLATION  
drive 1 connector  
drive 2 connector  
drive 3 connector  
drive 4 connector  
controller card  
Fig. 1-1: Elite Cont roller Cable Connections  
Page 1-4  
 
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
INSTALLATION  
ribbon cable  
drive 1 connector  
to disk drive  
drive 2 connector  
controller card  
Fig. 1-2: Disk Il Cont roller Cable Connections  
Page 1—5  
 
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
INSTALLATION  
This page intentional1y left blank.  
Page 1-6  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
2. OPERATING  
OPERATION  
If the only Elite product you currently have is  
the Elite Controller, then this section probably  
won’t be off must interest to you. Since the  
Elite Controller has no switches (13/16 sector  
booting is automatic) and we haven’t, supplied  
you with a slot in the card in which you could  
insert a diskette, there is nothing’ which you  
could “operate”.  
If you are a programmer who is interested in how  
to manipulate the controller card software—wise,  
such secrets are revealed later in this manual.  
2.1. Elite Drives’ Write-Protect Switch  
Operating the Elite drives is identical to oper-  
ating a Disk—II drive, except that the Elite  
drives have an extra write-protect switch which  
may require a little explaining.  
Mounted on the upper front panel of an Elite  
drive is a touch-switch. By momentarily  
pressing the stripes labeled PROTECT, the write—  
protect status of the drive can be toggled  
on/off. The drive’s write protect status is  
reflected by a small light next to the PROTECT  
switch.  
The switch does not affect the write-protect  
status of a diskette which has been protected by  
covering the diskette’s notch. Diskettes which  
are protected in this way are always considered  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
OPERATION  
protected regardless of the PROTECT switch.  
Located next to the PROTECT switch is a small  
LED which, when on, indicates that the diskette  
is currently write-protected. This LED reflects  
write-protecting due to the switch or a tab on  
the diskette. An Elite drive will only permit  
writing on a diskette when this LED is off.  
Due to the fact that the Elite Series drives  
were designed to operate identically to the Disk  
II drives in every way, the PROTECT LED will  
flicker whenever the Elite drive is seeking its  
read/write head from track to track and the  
drive is not in a write—protected state. This  
flickering is completely normal, and accurately  
reflects the write-protect status on both the  
Elite One and Disk II during head movement.  
2.2.  
Recommended Diskettes  
There are any number of diskette manufacturers  
on the market, each offering the “perfectly  
engineered” diskette. We do not intend to dis-  
pute any individual claim to this title.  
However, in the jungle of literature there are  
certain features which should be sought out.  
With the vast amount of technical data involved,  
it is not easy to locate the vital information.  
There are a number of industry-standard tests  
which manufacturers will refer to with pride  
(assuming their product passes the tests) and  
these are useful pointers.  
Page 2—2  
 
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
OPERATION  
The best diskettes are those which give the most  
trouble—free recording, storage, and retrieval of  
information for the longest period of time. Look  
for those incorporating features which lead to  
minimum head abrasion and which shield the  
diskette from environmental hazards (like dust  
particles) in a strong, durable jacket.  
The following table illustrates a number of  
diskette manufacturers which Rana Systems has  
found produce consistently high quality media.  
For advice on diskette care and handling turn to  
the section later in this manual headed Mainte—  
nance.  
The following tables of diskettes include both  
soft and hard sectored diskettes. If you are  
familiar with diskettes required by non-Apple  
systems, this may puzzle you. Don’t worry, the  
tables are correct. Apple uses a kind of “no  
sector” format in which the index hole(s) punched  
in the diskette (which is the difference between  
soft and hard sectored diskettes) is completely  
ignored.  
Page 2—3  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
OPERATION  
Recommended Diskettes for the Elite One  
Hard Sec. Hard Sec.  
16 Sec. 10 Sec.  
Soft Sec.  
Dbl. Dens. Dbl. Dens. Dbl. Dens.  
Sgl. Sided Sgl. Sided Sgl. Sided  
Dysan  
Part Nbr.  
Ord. Nbr.  
104/1D  
801787  
107/1D  
801014  
105/1D  
807188  
Maxell  
Part Nbr.  
MD1-M  
MH1—10M  
MD1—16M  
Maxell does not use independent order numbers.  
Verbatim  
Part Nbr. MD525-0l MD525-10  
MD525-16  
18176  
Ord. Nbr.  
18158  
18167  
Page 2-4  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
OPERATION  
Recommended Diskettes for the Elite Two  
Hard Sec. Hard Sec.  
16 Sec. 10 Sec.  
Soft Sec.  
Dbl. Dens. Dbl. Dens. Dbl. Dens.  
Sgl. Sided Sgl. Sided Sgl. Sided  
Dysan  
Part Nbr.  
Ord. Nbr.  
104/1D  
802060  
107/1D  
802062  
105/1D  
802061  
Maxell  
Part Nbr.  
MD1-DM  
MH1—10DM MD1—16DM  
Maxell does not use independent order numbers.  
Verbatim  
Part Nbr. MD550-0l MD550-10  
MD550-16  
18106  
Ord. Nbr.  
18188  
18197  
Page 2-5  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
OPERATION  
Diskettes for the Elite Three  
Hard Sec. Hard Sec.  
16 Sec. 10 Sec.  
Soft Sec.  
Dbl. Dens. Dbl. Dens. Dbl. Dens.  
Sgl. Sided Sgl. Sided Sgl. Sided  
Dysan  
Part Nbr.  
Ord. Nbr.  
204/1D  
802067  
207/1D  
800455  
205/1D  
802066  
Maxell  
Part Nbr.  
MD2-DM  
----  
---  
Maxell does not use independent order numbers.  
Verbatim  
Part Nbr. MD557-0l MD557-10  
MD557-16  
18257  
Ord. Nbr.  
18239  
18248  
Page 2-6  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
DOS ENHANCEMENTS  
3 .  
ENHANCI NG APPLE‘ S APPLE I I DOS 3 . 3  
Rana Systems’ Enhancements for Apple’s Apple II  
DOS 3.3 allow automatic accessing of 4 drives  
from the Rana Elite Controller Card and the  
additional capacity of the Elite Disk Drives.  
The Controller Card is capable of addressing any  
combination of Apple Disk II and Rana Elite  
Series Drives. The PROFILE program sets up DOS  
(Disk Operating System) to recognize which  
drives are Rana Elite Drives and which are Apple  
Disk LI drives. The seek rate can also be  
increased by the PROFILE program to take advant-  
age of the increased speed of Rana drives.  
The enhancements made by the ENHANCE utility  
only apply to a master DOS diskette. Non-master  
diskettes (slave diskettes) are what are created  
when the DOS “INIT” command is used to initial-  
ize a new diskette. The copy of DOS which is  
placed on such a diskette is not ENHANCE-able.  
Even though a diskette may say it is a master”  
when it is booted, it may not actually be one.  
The program which says the diskette is a master  
is completely independent of the DOS itself, and  
can be copied br saved (by an “INIT’ command,  
for instance) onto a slave DOS diskette.  
Those DOS 3.3 diskettes supplied directly from  
Apple are all master DOS diskettes. In addi-  
tion, any diskette which is a copy of an Apple  
DOS 3.3 distribution diskette, made using the  
Apple COPY or COPYA utility will also be a  
system master diskette. These instructions will  
assume you are using your original DOS 3.3 dis-  
tribution diskette from Apple; but if you’ve  
Page 3-1  
 
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
DOS ENHANCEMENTS  
made a backup copy of it, the backup copy can  
also be used.  
The Rana DOS Enhancements Diskette does not  
contain a copy of DOS and will not boot DOS into  
the computer. However, certain areas of the  
diskette are initialized ina DOS format, allow-  
ing those DOS programs on the Enhancer diskette  
to be run once the system is booted from a DOS  
master. The Rana Elite Enhancements Disk will  
be used to create a new enhanced DOS master  
diskette. The system tracks from this diskette  
can then be used to create any number of addi-  
tional DOS system diskettes that utilize the  
desired Rana features, but don't have all the  
DOS utilities and demonstration programs occupy-  
ing the space the you can put to better use.  
The following steps will guide you in creating  
your enhanced DOS master and demonstrate some of  
the functions of the Rana enhancement utilities.  
The additional features of these utilities and a  
detailed discussion of their operation is con-  
tained in a later section of this manual. Since  
the time required to perform the following en-  
hancement process does not alter much between  
using multi—drives or just one drive, only a  
single drive approach to enhancing has been  
described.  
These instructions detail a very specific ap-  
proach to creating an enhanced DOS for any valid  
combination of Elite drives, Elite Controllers,  
Disk II drives, and Disk Ii controllers which  
any user can possibly dream up. This places  
upon these instructions an almost impossible  
P a ge 3-2  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
DOS ENHANCEMENTS  
task, considering the vivid imagination of many  
users.  
These instructions have been written in a step-  
by—step manner, with some explanation of what is  
being done at each step. All of these instruc—  
tions have been tested at Rana to confirm that  
they are correct. In addition, several “early  
release” and later users also confirmed the  
accuracy of these instructions. Therefore,  
there is no reason for you not having complete  
success following these instructions. That is,  
if’ you follow the instructions completely, step  
by step. You are encouraged to read these in-  
structions completely, all the way through,  
before starting the procedure. That way you  
will have a general understanding of what all is  
involved before “diving in”.  
The first thing to do is to “digup” your DOS 3.3  
master diskette which has Apple’s MASTER  
CREATE utility on it. (If you’re a CP/M or  
Pascal user, you’ll find your DOS diskettes  
buried in the bottom left hand corner of the  
closet, on top of the DOS 3.2.1 diskettes.)  
These instructions are going to assume that you  
have your (first) controller card in slot six,  
and your (first) drive attached as drive one  
(you won’t get very far having your only drive  
connected as drive’ two). If your drive is not  
connected in this manner, and you are not an old  
hand at using Apple DOS, then you should prob-  
ably rearrange your system into this configura-  
tion for the duration of the enhancing proced-  
ure.  
P a ge 3—3  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
DOS ENHANCEMENTS  
Slot six is the normal location for your first  
controller, so unless you have something which  
conflicts, it is suggested. that you leave your  
system in a “slot six” configuration. (The DOS  
enhancements and associated utilities themselves  
won’t care, hut it will make things easier when  
following these instructions.) Drive one off of  
slot six will be referred to as your system, or  
hoot drive.  
Remove all diskettes from your drives, and then  
turn on your system. If your Apple is equipped  
with the autostart feature (most are), your  
system drive (slot six, drive one) should rattle  
a little and then sit there quietly spinning.  
If you do not have the autostart feature, then  
your Apple will simply display an asterisk. (“*”)  
and wait for you to type something. That “some-  
thing” should he:  
6<CTRL-P><RETURN>  
Whenever these instructions need to refer to  
keys (to be typed) which are labelled with more  
than just a single character (such as: A, B, C,  
&, $, etc.), the key label will be enclosed in  
angle brackets. For example, <RETURN> indicates  
that the “RETURN” key should be pressed. Some  
special characters require that one, key he held  
down while another is pressed. For example,  
<CTRL-P> means to hold down the <CTRL> key while  
pressing the ‘P’ key. This is just like holding  
down the <SHIFT> key in order to type “$“.  
Page 3-4  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
DOS ENHANCEMENTS  
After the “6<CTRL—P><RETURN>” sequence is typed  
on a non-autostart Apple (the <CTRL—P> part  
won’t show on the screen), your system drive  
should rattle for a moment and then Sit there  
quietly spinning.  
In both cases, the drive will end up waiting for  
you to insert a diskette; so indulge it by  
inserting your DOS master diskette (not the  
Enhancer diskette). Once the door is closed,  
the system will “boot” (if the diskette is okay)  
and eventually display a “]” or “>“ prompt. The  
first indicates you are in Applesoft BASIC, and  
the second indicates you are in Integer BASIC.  
Both are okay for these instructions. When  
booting an original DOS diskette from Apple,  
alot of other stuff will probably happen before  
you get the BASIC prompt. This just means that  
the “hello” program has executed (harmless). If  
you never get the BASIC prompt (“]” or “>“), it  
may be wise to try another diskette.  
Once you get the BASIC prompt, type:  
CATALOG<RETURN>  
and DOS will list all the files on your DOS  
diskette.  
Look through the list and locate the file  
“MASTER CREATE”. If CATALOG stops before anoth-  
er BASIC prompt appears, that means there are  
more files than will fit on the screen, press:  
Page 3-5  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
DOS ENHANCEMENTS  
to see more of the list. If MASTER CREATE is  
not on the diskette, you are not using an ori-  
ginal Apple DOS 3.3 distribution diskette (or an  
exact copy af one). You will need to start over  
again using another diskette which does have  
MASTER CREATE on it.  
Once you’ve found MASTER CREATE, skip through  
the rest off the catalog listing (if there is  
more), by pressing:  
<RETURN>  
until the BASIC prompt shows up again.  
Now, you will need two diskettes (one now, one  
later). If you are using an Elite Two or Elite  
Three drive as your system drive, you should  
consult the tables of recommended diskettes  
provided elsewhere in this manual. If you are  
planning an making an Elite Three your system  
(boot) drive, then you will also need two addi-  
tional diskettes for later. If you plan on  
using diskettes which already contain some in—  
formation, remember that all that existing in—  
formation will be completely lost. (Don’t use  
those diskettes containing all your accounting  
records, please))  
Once you’ve got one of the two/four diskettes in  
hand, remove the WS diskette from the system  
drive (using the other hand) and insert the new  
diskette. Unless your second drive is the same  
type as your system drive and you know for sure  
what you are doing, then don’t try to use your  
second drive right now. Just to he safe remove  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
DOS ENHANCEMENTS  
any other diskettes from any other drives. With  
the new diskette in the system drive, type:  
INIT HELLO<RETURN>  
and DOS will INITialize the diskette. The drive  
will rattle and spin for less than a minute, and  
then the BASIC prompt should reappear. The last  
thing INIT did was save a copy of whatever  
program was in memory during the INIT out onto  
the diskette. You should get rid of this pro-  
gram by typing:  
DELETE HELLO<RETURN>  
If you are using an Elite Three as your system  
drive, you will need to repeat this process on a  
second diskette. Insert another one of your  
four new diskettes into the system drive and  
type (Elite Three only):  
INIT HELW<RETURN>  
After you get back the BASIC prompt, type (Elite  
Three only):  
DELETE HELLO<RETURN>  
Once the BASIC prompt is redisplayed, remove the  
new diskette from the drive and reinsert the DOS  
diskette. Type (all drive types):  
BRUN MASTER CREATE<RETURN>  
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Once DOS has loaded MASTER CREATE off the disk-  
ette, MASTER CREATE will display:  
DOS 3.3 MASTER-CREATE UTILITY  
COPYRIGHT 1980 BY APPLE COMPUTER INC.  
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED  
(NOW LOADING DOS IMAGE)  
After MASTER CREATE has loaded a copy of the  
master DOS into memory from the diskette, it will  
ask for the “hello” file name:  
PLEASE INPUT THE GREETING PROGRAM‘S  
FILE NAME:  
Your response should be:  
HELLO<RETURN>  
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MASTER CREATE will come back with:  
REMEMBER THAT MASTER DOES NOT CREATE  
THE GREETING PROGRAM, OR PLACE IT IN  
THE DISK DIRECTORY  
THIS IS THE FILE NAME THAT WILL BE  
PLACED WITHIN THE IMAGE:  
HELLO  
PLACE THE DISKETTE TO BE MASTERED IN  
THE DISK DRIVE.  
PRESS [RETURN] WHEN READY  
NOTE: IF YOU WANT A DIFFERENT FILE NAME,  
PRESS [ESC]  
Since you won’t care about having the “hello”  
program created for you, simply remove the DOS  
diskette from the drive and insert (one of) the  
diskette(s) you just INITialized. Type:  
<RETURN>  
and MASTER CREATE will our new disk-  
ette.  
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When it is finished, it will respond with:  
THE DISKETTE HAS BEEN UPDATED, YOU MAY  
REMOVE IT AT THIS TIME.  
IF YOU WISH TO “MASTER” ANOTHER DISK-  
ETTE, PRESS (RETURN 1.  
OTHERWISE PRESS [ESC] TO EXIT “MASTER”  
If your system drive is an Elite Three, put the  
other INITialized diskette in the drive and type  
(Elite Three only):  
<RETURN>  
MASTER CREATE will then ask you to enter the  
greeting program’s name again, so you should  
again type (Elite Three only):  
HELLO<RETURN>  
After which, MASTER CREATE will ask you to press  
<RETURN> again to “master” the disk, press  
(Elite Three only):  
<RETURN>  
MASTER CREATE will again tell you when its fin-  
ished.  
P a ge 3—10  
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DOS ENHANCEMENTS  
No need to remove the diskette. Since no more is  
required of MASTER CREATE, just type (for all  
drives):  
<ESC>  
and you will get:  
INSERT A SYSTEM DISKETTE AND PRESS  
[RETURN] TO REBOoT DOS  
So, of course, type:  
<RETURN>  
and your new DOS master will be magically booted  
for you.  
Now for a little enhancing. Remove the DOS master  
from the drive and insert the Rana Sys-  
tems Enhancer Diskette. When it’s in, type:  
BRUN ENHANCE <RETURN>  
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Once loaded, ENHANCE will respond with:  
ENHANCE  
RANA SYSTEMS’ ENHANCER FOR  
APPLE’S APPLE ][ DOS VERSION 3.3  
COPYRIGHT (C) (P) 1982 RANA SYSTEMS  
ENHANCER  
VERSION 2.0  
ENHANCEMENTS VERSION 2.0  
INSERT DOS 3.3 SYSTEM MASTER DISK INTO  
SLOT #6, DRIVE #1. PRESS <RETURN> WHEN  
READY TO READ DOS IMAGE INTO MEMORY.  
PRESS <ESC> TO TERMINATE THIS UTILITY.  
(You may have more up to date version numbers.)  
Remove the Enhancer diskette and insert your  
newly created DOS master. Type:  
<RETURN>  
and ENHANCE will copy the master DOS into memory  
and apply the necessary enhancements to it.  
ENHANCE will then display:  
INSERT DISK TO RECEIVE ENHANCED DOS 3.3  
INTO SLOT #6, DRIVE #1. PRESS <RETURN>  
WHEN READY TO WRITE ENHANCED DOS IMAGE.  
PRESS <ESC> TO TERMINATE THIS UTILITY.  
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DOS ENHANCEMENTS  
Since you will be enhancing the newly created  
DOS master, which is already in the drive, just  
type:  
<RETURN>  
and ENHANCE will replace the “stupid” DOS on the  
diskette with the enhanced smart” DOS.  
After the replacement has been made, ENHANCE will  
display:  
ENHANCEMENTS COMPLETE. REBOOT THE SYSTEM  
TO LOAD THE ENHANCED DOS 3.3.  
This message will be followed by the BASIC  
prompt.  
The disk which you just enhanced should be la-  
belled “configured enhanced system master” so  
that it will be distinguishable from the other  
disk you will need to create.  
If your system drive is an Elite Three, you will  
also need to enhance the other INITialized disk-  
ette. Insert the Enhancer diskette and type  
(Elite Three only):  
BRUN ENHANCE <RETURN>  
Page 3-13  
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Once ENHANCE has displayed its message, insert  
the other INITialized diskette and press (Elite  
Three only):  
<RETURN>  
to tell ENHANCE to go ahead and read a copy of  
DOS off of that diskette.  
ENHANCE will then tell you when it is ready to  
write the modified DOS hack out to the diskette,  
and wait for you to press <RETURN>. Go ahead  
and press (Elite Three Only):  
<RETURN>  
When done, ENHANCE will again return you to the  
BASIC prompt. This second enhanced diskette  
should he labelled “unconfigured enhanced system  
master” (Elite Three only).  
Place (or leave) “configured master” in the  
drive, then type (all drives):  
PR#6<RETURN>  
To reboot your Apple using the enhanced DOS.  
Once again, the drive will rattle and spin for a  
moment; and then you will get:  
FILE NOT FOUND  
This message occurred because you deleted the  
hello file from the diskette earlier during  
these instructions. That way, these instruc—  
Page 3-14  
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DOS ENHANCEMENTS  
tions didn’t have to deal with any “strange”  
hello program you may have had on the diskette.  
You are now running under an enhanced DOS 3.3  
system master. It already will recognize the  
extra drives on an Elite Controller (if you are  
using one). However, it is still treating all  
your drives as Disk II’s (the minimum case).  
The next step is to create an enhanced system  
master which has the full storage of the drive  
you are using as your system drive (slot six,  
drive one). If all you have are Disk II drives,  
you should continue following this procedure in  
order to make a complete enhanced system master  
(new utilities, etc.).  
Remove the “configured master” and insert the  
Enhancer diskette. Type:  
BRUN PROFILE <RETURN>  
PROFILE will respond with:  
PROFILE V2.1 COPYR. (C)(P) 1982 RANA SYS.  
FROM WHICH SLOT AND DRIVE  
IS DOS IMAGE TO BE LOADED?  
ENTER SLOT NUMBER (1-7)  
Remove the Enhancer diskette and insert “con-  
figured master”. Type (without <RETURN>):  
6
Page 3—15  
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DOS ENHANCEMENTS  
and PROFILE will then ask:  
ENTER DRIVE NUMBER (1—4)  
so type (without <RETURN>):  
1
PROFILE will then respond with:  
INSERT AN ENHANCED DOS 3.3 SYSTEM  
MASTER DISKETTE INTO SLOT #6, DRIVE #1.  
PRESS <RETURN> WREN READY to READ DOS  
IMAGE INTO MEMORY. PRESS <ESC> IF LOAD  
NO LONGER DESIRED.  
Go ahead and type:  
<RETURN>  
PROFILE will then read the DOS image off of  
“configured master” and display a table con-  
taining each of the 28 different positions at  
which drives can be placed on the Apple (seven  
slots with up to four drives per slot using  
Elite Controllers). The table will contain all  
DISK2S” entries. Each entry is made up of two  
different parts. The first five characters are  
the drive type:  
DISK2 = Apple Disk ][  
ELIT1 = RANA Elite One  
ELIT2 = RANA Elite Two  
ELIT3 = RANA Elite Three  
Page 3—16  
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The last letter is the speed at which the drive  
is seeking from track to track:  
S = Slow (Disk if standard)  
M = Medium (Elite One standard)  
F = Fast (Elite Two and Three standard)  
Below the table, the following menu will be  
displayed:  
ENTER SELECTION (0-3) :  
1) LOAD NEW DOS IMAGE FROM DISK  
2) CHANGE CURRENT DOS IMAGE SETTING  
3) SAVE CURRENT DOS IMAGE TO DISK  
0) TERMINATE PROFILE  
For now, you’ll just need to change the setting  
for drive one off of slot six (your system  
drive), so type (without <RETURN>):  
2
in order to change a setting. PROFILE will then  
ask:  
ENTER SLOT NUMBER (1-7)  
so type (without <RETURN>):  
6
and PROFILE will respond with:  
ENTER DRIVE NUMBER (1-4)  
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So type (without <RETURN>):  
1
Now that you’ve told PROFILE which drive’s set-  
ting to change, it’ll need to know what is to be  
the new setting; so it will display:  
ENTER DRIVE TYPE (0-3) : 0  
0)  
1)  
2)  
3)  
APPLE DISK-II  
RANA ELITE ONE  
RANA ELITE TWO  
( 35 TRACKS)  
( 40 TRACKS)  
( 80 TRACKS)  
RANA ELITE THREE (160 TRACKS)  
PROFILE “pre—loads” your answer with the current  
setting for the drive (O=DISK -II). If you just  
hit <RETURN> (don’t!), PROFILE will not change  
the setting. But, you want to change the set-  
ting (unless you’re actually using an Apple Disk  
II drive!!), so type the number for the menu item  
which matches your system drive (without  
<RETURN>).  
For example, if you have an Elite One, type:  
1
or, for an Elite Two, type:  
2
or, for an Elite Three, type:  
3
Page 3—18  
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or, if you’re stuck with a Disk II, type:  
0
PROFILE will then ask for the seek speed of the  
drive:  
ENTER SEEK SPEED (0-2) :  
0) SLOW (DISK-II AND ELITE SERIES)  
1) MEDIUM (ELITE SERIES ONLY)  
2) FAST (ELITE TWO AND THREE)  
The “?” in the example will be the “pre-loaded”  
answer (default) for the type of drive you spec-  
ified on the previous menu. The default will be  
the maximum possible seek speed for the drive  
model specified. Now is not a good time to  
fiddle with seek speeds (you’ll just complicate  
matters), so just type:  
<RETURN>  
to use the default.  
PROFILE will then update the configuration table  
displayed at the top of the screen. It should  
now show the correct setting for your system  
drive. At the bottom of the table, you will  
again get:  
ENTER SELECTION (0-3)  
1) LOAD NEW DOS IMAGE FROM DISK  
2) CHANGE CURRENT DOS IMAGE SETTING  
3) SAVE CURRENT DOS IMAGE TO DISK  
0) TERMINATE PROFILE  
Page 3—19  
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PROFILE has only made your change to the copy of  
DOS it is holding in its storage areas. No  
changes have been made to any diskette copy or  
the copy which is running in memory. In order to  
make use of the change, it will have to be  
written to a diskette. To do this, type (with-  
out <RETURN>):  
3
and PROFILE will respond with:  
ENTER SLOT NUMBER (1-7)  
Since “configured master” should still be in your  
system drive, type (without <RETURN>):  
6
and PROFILE will say:  
ENTER DRIVE NUMBER (1-4)  
so type (without <RETURN>):  
1
PROFILE will then display:  
INSERT FORMATTED DISKETTE TO RECIEVE  
ENHANCED DOS 3.3 SYSTEM MASTER IMAGE  
INTO SLOT #6, DRIVE #1. PRESS (RETURN>  
WHEN READY TO WRITE DOS IMAGE FROM  
MEMORY. PRESS <ESC> IF SAVE NO LONGER  
DESIRED.  
Page 3-20  
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To update the diskette, type:  
<RETURN>  
and PROFILE will over-write the old enhanced DOS  
with the new one.  
When it’s finished, it will return to the menu:  
ENTER SELECTION (0-3)  
1) LOAD NEW DOS IMAGE FROM DISK  
2) CHANGE CURRENT DOS IMAGE SETTING  
3) SAVE CURRENT DOS IMAGE TO DISK  
0) TERMINATE PROFILE  
Since you are finished with PROFILE for the time  
being, type (without <RETURN>):  
0
and PROFILE will terminate after saying:  
THIS UTILITY DOES NOT APPLY YOUR  
CHANGES TO THE CURRENTLY OPERATING DOS  
IMAGE, SO YOU WILL NEED TO BOOT THE  
DISKETTE TO WHICH YOU SAVED YOUR  
CHANGES IN ORDER TO USE THE NEW  
CONFIGURATION.  
This is a reminder that the (in-memory) (current  
operating) DOS has not been altered. Don’t  
follow PROFILE’S instructions! This newly con-  
figured diskette probably won’t boot correctly.  
Following the termination message, the BASIC  
prompt will appear.  
Page 3—21  
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The reason why this newly configured DOS prob-  
ably won’t boot correctly is because you’ve told  
the DOS image on the diskette that your system  
drive is some special type of drive (assuming  
you’re not using a Disk II). But the diskette  
upon which this DOS is written is not formatted  
for use by the special drive operating at its  
full capacity. The next step is to create a  
diskette which is correctly formatted.  
Remove configured master and insert the En-  
hancer diskette. Type:  
BRUN FORMAT<RETURN>  
FORMAT will respond with:  
FORMAT  
RANA SYSTEMS’ 16-SECTOR DOS 3.3  
5-INCH DISKETTE INITIALIZING UTILITY.  
COPYRIGHT (C) (P) 1982 RANA SYSTEMS  
FORMATTER VERSION 2.1  
INSERT AN ENHANCED DOS 3.3 SYSTEM  
MASTER DISKETTE INTO SLOT #6, DRIVE # 1.  
PRESS <RETURN> WHEN READY TO READ DOS  
IMAGE INTO MEMORY. PRESS <ESC> TO  
TERMINATE THIS UTILITY.  
Remove the Enhancer diskette and insert config—  
tired master.  
Page 3—22  
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DOS ENHANCEMENTS  
Type:  
<RETURN>  
and FORMAT will read in the DOS image from that  
diskette.  
After the image is in memory, FORMAT will ask:  
SLOT NUMBER (1-7)? 6  
FORMAT is asking for the slot number of the  
drive to be used for formatting. Just like  
PROFILE, FORMAT has “pre—loaded” the message  
with the default response. Since the default is  
correct, type:  
<RETURN>  
And FORMAT will ask:  
DRIVE NUMBER (1-4)? 2  
This time FORMAT got the wrong default. FORMAT  
assumes that it was run from a drive containing  
a system diskette, so it must be the “other”  
drive which you wish to use for formatting.  
Since you will want to use the first drive  
(one), type (without <RETURN>):  
1
Page 3—23  
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DOS ENHANCEMENTS  
FORMAT will then need to know:  
TYPE OF FORMAT TO PERFORM (0—3)? 0  
0) APPLE DISK-II ( 35 TRACKS)  
1) RANA ELITE ONE ( 40 TRACKS)  
2) RANA ELITE TWO ( 80 TRACKS)  
3) RANA ELITE THREE (760 TRACKS)  
Since the currently operating copy of DOS has  
not been updated, it told FORMAT that the drive  
you specified was set as a Disk II. Therefore,  
FORMAT will default to a Disk II format. You’ll  
need to override this by typing whichever menu  
item number is correct for the drive you are  
using as your system drive (without <RETURN>).  
For example, an Elite One would be:  
1
an Elite Two would be:  
2
an Elite Three would be:  
3
and the lowly Disk II would be;  
0
Then FORMAT will ask:  
VOLUME NUMBER (1-254)? 254  
Page 3—24  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
DOS ENHANCEMENTS  
The default FORMAT has provided is the standard  
Apple default which un—enhanced DOS’s INIT com-  
mand would use. Therefore, simply type:  
<RETURN>  
Next FORMAT will inquire:  
HI FILE? HELLO  
FORMAT isn’t trying to be cute, it’s just that a  
short prompt like “HI FILE?” allows a full 30  
character file name (allowed under DOS) to he  
typed all on one line. The “hi” file is the  
“hello” or “greeting” program’s name. For now,  
just type:  
<RETURN>  
to use the default (“HELLO”).  
The last thing FORMAT will ask is:  
INVOICE HELLO FILE HOW (A-C)? A  
A) RUN <HI FILE>  
B) BRUN <HI FILE>  
C) EXEC <HI FILE>  
FORMAT is giving you a little option which  
standard DOS’s INIT does not provide. This is  
discussed further in a later section which deals  
with each utility separately.  
Page 3—25  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
DOS ENHANCEMENTS  
For now, just type:  
<RETURN>  
to use the default (RUN <HI FILE>).  
That’s all the information FORMAT needs, so it  
will say:  
INSERT DISKETTE TN DRIVE. PRESS  
<RETURN> TO INITIALIZE, PRESS <ESC>  
TO CHANGE PARAMETERS.  
Now is the time to remove configured master”  
from the drive and insert your second (or third)  
blank diskette (mentioned earlier). Remember,  
this diskette will be completely erased. When  
it’s in, type:  
<RETURN>  
and then FORMAT will check to see if the disk-  
ette has been 16—sector formatted before. If it  
has, you will get:  
DISKETTE CONTAINS DATA.  
INITIALIZE ANYWAYS (Y/N)?  
If it is okay to erase the diskette, type (with-  
Out <RETURN>):  
Y
and FORMAT will proceed with the initialization.  
Page 3-26  
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When finished, FORMAT will display:  
DO ANOTHER DISKETTE (Y/N)?  
Type (without <RETURN>):  
N
and FORMAT will terminate back to the BASIC  
prompt.  
You now have a full capacity diskette for your  
system drive which will boot correctly, so type:  
PR#6<RETURN>  
to try it out. A “FILE NOT FOUND” message  
should be expected.  
There is still one last thing which you need to  
do. You need to transfer all the utility pro-  
grams supplied on the Enhancer diskette onto  
your “full capacity enhanced system master”. If  
your system (boot) drive is an Elite Three, then  
there is a small preliminary step which you will  
need to perform before the utility files can be  
transferred. If your system drive isn’t an  
Elite Three, then this following procedure which  
will use the CLONE utility can be skipped.  
If you’re an Elite Three user, you should remove  
your enhanced system master from the boot drive  
and insert “unconfigured master”.  
Type (Elite Three only):  
Page 3—27  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
DOS ENHANCEMENTS  
PR#6  
You should get a “FILE NOT FOUND” message.  
Then remove “unconfigured master” and insert the  
Enhancer diskette. Type (Elite Three only):  
BRUN CLONE<RETURN>  
Once CLONE is loaded, it will “sign on” with:  
CLONE  
RANA SYSTEMS’ 16-SECTOR DOS 3.3  
5-INCH DISKETTE COPY UTILITY.  
COPYRIGHT (C) (P) 1982 RANA SYSTEMS  
CLONE VERSION 2. 1  
CLONE will then ask:  
CLONE TYPE TO PERFORM: 0  
0) WHOLE DISKETTE  
1) DOS ONLY  
Just type (Elite Three only):  
(RETURN>  
You will then he asked:  
SOURCE:  
SLOT NUMBER (1-7)? 6  
Just press (Elite Three only):  
<RETURN>  
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Next comes:  
DRIVE NUMBER (1—4)? 1  
Just press (Elite Three only):  
<RETURN>  
The next question is:  
DISKETTE TYPE (0-0)? 0  
Again, simply press (Elite Three only):  
<RETURN>  
That ends all the source drive/diskette ques-  
tions. Now for the destination ones:  
DESTINATION:  
SLOT NUMBER (1—7)? 6  
The default is okay, so press (Elite Three on-  
ly):  
<RETURN>  
After the slot number question comes:  
DRIVE NUMBER (1-4)? 2  
But this time you need to type (Elite Three  
only, without <RETURN>):  
1
Page 3—29  
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The last question is:  
DISKETTE TYPE (0-3)? 0  
And for this question, respond with (Elite Three  
only, without <RETURN>):  
3
After which CLONE will display a notice  
concerning the use of the Elite Three backup  
diskette you have indicated you wish to create.  
In order to tell CLONE that you’ve seen the  
message, press (Elite Three only):  
<RETURN>  
CLONE will then be ready to start the copy  
process, and it will tell you when it needs you  
to insert the source diskette or the destination  
diskette. The source diskette is your DOS 3.3  
System Master from Apple. For the destination  
diskette, you can use “configured master” since  
it is no longer needed and won’t boot correctly  
on an Elite Three.  
After each time you change the diskette in your  
system drive in response to CLONE’s requests,  
simply press <RETURN> to tell CLONE to continue.  
After several diskette change requests, CLONE  
will finally say:  
DO ANOTHER COPY (Y/N)?  
Page 3-30  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
DOS ENHANCEMENTS  
In response, type (Elite Three only, no  
<RETURN>):  
Y
and CLONE will once again prompt you to insert  
your source diskette. This time, the source  
diskette will be the Elite Enhancer diskette. The  
destination diskette will be your fourth  
diskette, which you’ve not used so far. Swap  
these diskettes back and forth as CLONE requests  
them, pressing <RETURN> when you have made the  
exchange.  
When CLONE is finished, it will again return to:  
DO ANOTHER COPY (Y/N)?  
Since CLONE has done all you require of it for  
the time being, type (Elite Three only, no  
<RETURN>):  
N
and CLONE will return you to the BASIC prompt.  
Insert your “full capacity system master” and  
then type (Elite Three only):  
PR#6<RETURN>  
to boot that diskette. “FILE NOT FOUND” should  
be expected.  
Page 3—31  
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At this point, if you are a non-Elite Three  
system drive user, you should continue with the  
procedure.  
It is now necessary to transfer Apple’s utility  
FID onto your higher capacity diskette, so in-  
sert either your DOS 3.3 Master Diskette (if you  
are not using an Elite Three as your system  
drive), or the CLONE you made of the DOS 3.3  
Master Diskette (if you are using an Elite Three  
as your system drive).  
Type (all system drive types):  
BRUN FID<RETURN>  
For instructions on how to use FID, refer to  
Apple’s The DOS Manual. For now, just type:  
1<RETURN>  
in order to begin a file copy.  
When FID asks for the source slot number, type:  
6<RETURN>  
For the source drive number, type:  
1<RETURN>  
For the destination slot number, type:  
6<RETURN>  
Page 3-32  
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And for the destination drive number, type:  
1<RETURN>  
FID will then ask for the name of the file to  
copy, so type:  
FID<RETURN>  
After which, FID will give you a chance to  
either press <ESC> if you made an entry error,  
or <RETURN> to begin the copy.  
Assuming your entries were correct, type:  
<RETURN>  
FID will then being asking for the source and  
destination diskettes just like CLONE did. The  
source diskette is your DOS 3.3 System Master  
(or the CLONE of it if you are using an Elite  
Three), and the destination diskette is your  
“full capacity system master”. Once you insert-  
ed the diskette FID requested, press:  
<RETURN>  
to tell FID to continue.  
FID will tell you when it has finished the copy,  
and wait for you to press <RETURN’>. So go ahead  
and press:  
<RETURN>  
and FID will redisplay its main menu.  
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The next step is to copy FID ENHANCE onto the  
“full capacity system master”. To do this,  
type:  
1 <RETURN>  
to tell FID you want to copy another file.  
This time FID will only want to know the name of  
the file to copy, so type:  
FID ENHANCE<RETURN>  
Once more, FID will give you a chance to press  
<ESC> if you typed the name wrong, or <RETURN>  
to proceed with the copy.  
Given that you entered the name correctly,  
press:  
<RETURN>  
FID will wait for you to insert the source  
diskette. This time the source diskette will be  
the Enhancer diskette (or the CLONE of it if you  
are using an Elite Three). The destination  
diskette will be the “full capacity system mas-  
ter” onto which you copied FID earlier.  
Press:  
<RETURN>  
whenever you have finished inserting whichever  
diskette FID requests.  
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FID will again tell you when it has completed  
the copy, and wait for you to press <RETURN>.  
So press:  
<RETURN>  
and the main menu will be redisplayed.  
You are finished using FID, so type:  
9<RETURN>  
to get back to BASIC.  
Now to modify FID so that the rest of the system  
master and Enhancer files can be copied. Make  
sure your “full capacity system master” is in  
the drive, then type:  
BRUN FID ENHANCE<RETURN>  
FID ENHANCE will go ahead and modify FID without  
any response from you. When finished, the new  
modified FID will he saved onto the diskette as  
FIDR. FIDR should always he used with the high-  
er capacity Elite Series drives since FID will  
make mistakes under certain circumstances (which  
were taken into account by these instructions).  
Once FID ENHANCE has finished, and it has re-  
turned to the BASIC prompt, type:  
UNLOCK FID <RETURN>  
and then:  
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DELETE FID<RETURN>  
to get rid of the old FID. Then type:  
LOCK FIDR<RETURN>  
to keep the new FIDR safe.  
The last step is to transfer the remainder of  
the system master programs (supplied by Apple)  
and the Enhancer utilities onto your "full ca-  
pacity system master.  
To do this, type:  
BRUN FIDR<RETURN>  
FIDR works exactly the same way FID does, as  
described in Apple’s The COS Manual.  
For now, choose the copy files menu item by  
typing:  
1<RETURN>  
FIDR will then ask for the source and destina-  
tion slot and drive numbers.  
Answer these questions with:  
6<RETURN>  
1<RETURN>  
6<RETURN>  
1<RETURN>  
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FIDR will then ask for the name of the file to  
copy. Indicate all files by typing:  
=<RETURN>  
Because you indicated more than one file, FIDR  
will want to know if you want “prompting”.  
Prompting allows you to say yes or no to each  
file before it is copied. In response to the  
question, type:  
Y<RETURN>  
to indicate you do want prompting.  
FIDR will then give you a chance to type <ESC>  
if you entered something wrong, or <RETURN> to  
proceed with the copy.  
Assuming your answers were correct, type:  
<RETURN>  
Then FIDR will ask for the source diskette. The  
source diskette is the DOS 3.3 system Master (or  
CLONE of it if using an Elite Three). Press:  
<RETURN>  
to tell FIDR when you have finished inserting the  
diskette.  
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FIDR will then display a file name from the  
source diskette, and wait for you to type:  
Y<RETURN>  
or:  
N<RETURN>  
to specify either “yes” you want the file cop-  
ied, or “no” you don’t want it copied.  
You want to say “yes” to only the following  
files:  
HELLO  
APPLESOFT  
BOOT 13  
CHAIN  
FPBASIC  
INTBASIC  
MAKE TEXT  
RENUMBER  
RENUMBER INSTRUCTIONS  
The remainder are demonstration files which need  
not be copied, and which will take up needed  
room if using a Disk II or Elite One as your  
system drive.  
Whenever you tell FIDR “yes” (go ahead and copy  
the file), it will ask you to insert the destin-  
ation diskette. The destination diskette is the  
“full capacity system master”.  
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Once you’ve inserted this diskette, type:  
<RETURN>  
to tell FIDR it can continue.  
Eventually, after saying "yes" and "no" to alot  
of file names, and swapping the diskettes sev-  
eral times, FIDR will finally tell you it is  
finished. To tell FIDR to return to the main  
menu, press:  
<RETURN>  
Once back to the main menu, type:  
1<RETURN>  
to begin copying the files from the Enhancer  
diskette.  
FIDR will not ask for the drive information this  
time, it will use your answers from the last  
copy. It will, however, ask you for a file  
name. To this question, answer:  
<RETURN>  
just like last time. (Don’t worry, there’s not  
as many files on the Enhancer diskette.)  
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Once again, FIDR will ask if you want prompting.  
This time, answer:  
N<RETURN>  
to tell FIDR to copy all the files without asking  
you.  
FIDR will again give you a chance, to press <ESC>  
if you made a mistake, or <RETURN> if everything  
is okay. Given everything is okay, press:  
<RETURN>  
FIDR will then he gin asking for the source and  
destination diskettes. The source diskette is the  
Enhancer (or CLONE of it if using the Elite  
Three), and the destination is the “full capa-  
city system master”. When you have finished  
inserting the diskette for which FIDR has asked,  
press:  
<RETURN>  
to tell FIDR to continue.  
FIDR will tell you when it has finished copying  
all the files, and wait for you to press  
<RETURN>. Oblige it by pressing:  
<RETURN>  
to return to the main menu.  
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Once back at the menu, type:  
9<RETURN>  
to get back to BASIC.  
At this point, your “full capacity system mas-  
ter” is complete as far as your system drive is  
concerned. You will still need to refer to the  
instructions concerning the PROFILE utility  
later in this manual in order to configure your  
“full capacity system master” to talk to any  
other drives on your system.  
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Thi s page i nt e nt i ona l l y l e f t bl a nk.  
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CP/M ENHANCEMENTS  
4.ENHANCING MICROSOFT APPLE II CP/M 2.2  
Rana Systems Enhancements for Microsoft’s Apple  
if 56K CP/M 2.2 allow automatic accessing of 4  
drives from the Rana Elite Controller Card and  
the additional capacity of the Elite Disk  
Drives. The Controller Card is capable of ad-  
dressing any combination of Apple Disk II and  
Rana Elite Series Drives. The PROFILE program  
sets up the CP/M operating system to recognize  
which drives are Rana Elite Drives and which are  
Apple Disk If drives. The seek rate may also be  
increased by the PROFILE program to take advan-  
tage of the increased speed of Rana drives. If  
the disk is run on another Apple the enhanced  
CP/M will automatically recognize which control-  
lers are Rana and which are Disk If and only try  
to access the correct number of drives for the  
particular controller type. Changes in drive  
combinations may require redefining.  
Drives may be temporarily reconfigured in memory  
only to temporarily make a Rana drive act like  
an Apple Disk If drive and confine the files to  
the first 35 tracks of the disk This feature  
is useful for creating a disk to send to other  
Apple CP/M Users.  
As you have probably noted by now, these in-  
structions keep referring to Microsoft’s Apple  
][ CP/M 56K version. The Elite Enhancements for  
CP/M only apply to the 56K version Rana does  
not support enhancements to the 44K version of  
CP/M since doing so would require "stealing"  
space from the user’s program area in memory.  
Something which Rana absolutely does not want to  
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do. The 56K version of CP/M can he modified to  
support the Elite Series products without steal-  
ing space from the user’s memory area, because  
Rana used a little “hidden~ section of memory in  
the 16K RuM/Language Card (which -is required for  
56K CP/M) which Microsoft left available. This  
small restriction should not prove to be too  
much of a hardship since serious Apple if CP/M  
users soon find that 44K is just not enough in  
which to run some of the more advanced CP/M  
programs.  
The Apple CP/M operating system addresses disk  
drives by a letter followed by a colon, A: B:  
etc. up to P:. Apple ][ CP/M selects drives  
from the highest slot number first, starting  
with slot six, There must he a controller card  
in slot six, and any additional controller cards  
must he in slot five, etc. Although CP/M as an  
operating system recognizes drives A: through  
P:, Microsoft’s Apple if version of CP/M has a  
necessary limitation of only supporting up to  
six drives (A: through F:). The enhanced ver-  
sion of Apple if CP/M will support up to eight  
drives (A: through H:). This allows all drives  
on two four-drive Elite Controllers to he used.  
(Of course, four two-drive Disk if controllers  
could also be used; or any combination totaling  
no more than eight drives.)  
On both enhanced and non-enhanced CP/M, drives  
A: and B: would he drives one and two on which-  
ever type disk controller is in slot six.  
Drives C: through H: will change on the enhanced  
CP/M if an Elite Controller card is in the  
system.  
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When hooted, the enhanced CP/M checks all the  
controllers in the Apple to determine which are  
Elite Controllers and which are Disk ][ control-  
lers, starting from slot six and working back-  
wards. Whenever an Elite Controller card is  
found, the next four CP/M drive letters will be  
assigned to the four drives of which the Elite  
Controller is capable. If a Disk It controller  
is found, then only the next two CP/M drive  
letters will be assigned to that card. The  
system then moves on to the card in the next  
lower slot. This continues until either all  
eight drive letters have been assigned to a  
controller, or there are no more disk control—  
lers in the Apple.  
Although the enhanced CP/M will use the drives  
on any disk controller in any slot (except slot  
zero), you should stick with the CP/M slot as-  
signment convention given in the Microsoft CP/M  
manuals; and place your controller cards only in  
slots six through four.  
The Rana CP/M Enhancements Diskette does not  
have a copy of the CP/M Operating System and  
will not boot CP/M into the computer. However,  
certain areas of the diskette are initialized in  
a CP/M format, allowing those CP/M programs on  
the Enhancer diskette to be run once the system  
is hooted from a CP/M master. The Rana Elite  
Enhancements Disk will he used to create a new  
enhanced CP/M master diskette. The system  
tracks from this diskette can then he used to  
create any number of additional CP/M system  
diskettes that utilize the desired Ranafea-  
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tures, but don’t have all the CP/M utilities  
occupying the space the user needs to put to  
better use.  
The following steps will guide you in creating  
your enhanced CP/M master and demonstrate some  
of the functions of the Rana enhancement utili-  
ties. The additional features of these utili-  
ties and a detailed discussion of their opera-  
tion is contained in a later section of this  
manual. The instructions for enhancing CP/M  
have been duplicated into two sub-sections. The  
first is for users with more than one drive, for  
which there are easier approaches to some  
things. The second is for single drive users,  
for which Rana has supplied a special utility to  
make life slightly easier.  
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4. 1.  
Us i ng Mul t i pl e Dr i ve s  
These instructions detail a very specific ap-  
proach to creating an enhanced CP/M for any  
valid combination of Elite drives, Elite Con-  
trollers, Disk 1! drives, and Disk ][ control-  
lers which any user can possibly dream up. This  
places upon these instructions an almost impos-  
sible task, considering the vivid imagination of  
many users. Since the use of only a single  
drive complicates the instructions by a con-  
siderable amount, the single drive instructions  
have been given their own section following  
these multi-drive instructions.  
These instructions have been written in a step-  
by—step manner, with some explanation of what is  
being done at each step. AU of these instruc-  
tions have been tested at Rana to confirm that  
they are correct. In addition, several “early  
release” and later users also confirmed the  
accuracy of these instructions. Therefore,  
there is no reason for you not having complete  
success following these instructions. That is,  
if you follow the instructions completely, step  
by step. You are encouraged to read these in—  
structions completely, all the way through,  
before starting the procedure. That way you  
will have a general understanding of what all is  
involved before “diving in”.  
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The length of these instructions is due to the  
fact that this will be your initial creation of  
an enhanced CP/M. Once this initial diskette is  
created, life becomes alot easier. Even though  
the instructions are lengthy, they are not ter-  
ribly complex to follow.  
If you intend to make use of either an Elite Two  
or Three drive as your system drive (A:), it may  
be necessary to temporarily configure your sys-  
tem in a different configuration than what will  
be your final configuration. A temporary prob-  
lem arises if you do not have a second Elite Two  
or Three to match the one you will be using as  
drive A:. This is because you do not, as of  
yet, have a copy of CP/M which can deal with  
various combinations of drives. Since these  
multi-drive enhancement instructions only rely  
on you having two drives, you will only need to  
rearrange your A: and B: drives. Regardless of  
the type of drive you will be using as A: in  
your final configuration, you should temporarily  
reconfigure your system according to the follow-  
ing table:  
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Final Configuration  
Temporary Config.  
Drive A:  
Drive B:  
Drive A:  
Drive B:  
Disk ][  
Disk ][  
Disk ][  
Disk ][  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
Disk ][  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
Disk ][  
Disk ][  
Disk ][  
Disk ][  
Elite Three Elite Three Disk ][  
Elite One  
Elite One  
Elite One  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
Elite Two  
Elite Two  
Elite Two  
Disk ][  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
Elite Three Elite Three Elite One  
Disk ][  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
Elite Three Elite Three Elite Two  
Disk ][  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
Elite One  
Elite One  
Elite One  
Disk ][  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
Elite Two  
Elite Two  
Elite Two  
Elite Three Disk ][  
Elite Three Elite One  
Elite Three Elite Two  
Disk ][  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
Elite Three  
Elite Three  
Elite Three  
Elite Three Elite Three Elite Three Elite Three  
Any additional drives you may have (C:, D:, etc)  
can he arranged in whatever final configuration  
you like since these instructions will, for the  
most part, ignore them.  
Once you have your system into the temporary  
configuration, it’s time to get started. Turn  
on the computer with no disks in the drives. If  
you have the Autostart feature, CP/M’s drive A:  
should rattle for a hit and then sit there  
quietly spinning waiting for a diskette. If you  
have an old Apple, you may not have the Auto-  
start feature, so you will need to tell your  
Apple to start-up the drive.  
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A Non-Autostart Apple will “beep” then display  
an asterisk (“*”) prompt right away. When this  
prompt appears, simply type:  
6<CTRL-P><RETURN>  
When indicating those keys on the Apple ][ key-  
board which are not just a single character  
(i.e. RETURN, CTRL, ESC, etc.) these instruc—  
tions will show the key enclosed in angle brack-  
ets (RETURN>) to indicate that the single key  
with that label is to be pressed, and not that  
the key sequence “R”, “E”, “T”, “U”, “R”, and “N”  
should be typed. Combined key sequences such as  
<CTRL—P> indicate that the <CTRL> key should be  
held down while the “P” key is pressed.  
The “6<CTRL-P>(RETURN>” command assumes that  
your disk controller card (Elite or Disk 1!) is  
located in slot number six. If it isn’t, it  
should be moved to slot six (with power off,  
please) since CP/M will expect it to be there.  
Should either Integer or Applesoft BASIC’s prompt  
(“>“or “]”) appear on the screen, then your  
Autostart Apple could not find any disk  
controller cards. (Disk controllers won’t work in  
slot zero, and CP/M will want the controller in  
slot six.) If your controller is in slot six,  
then there may be something wrong with the  
controller. (This section of the manual cannot  
cope with problems, check the Table of Contents  
for the section which can.)  
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When all goes well, one of your drives’ “busy”  
light will be on and the drive should be quietly  
spinning waiting for a diskette. Simply oblige  
it by inserting your CP/M master diskette from  
Microsoft. (Label should be up and the last  
thing to go in the door.) Then close the drive  
door slowly. The door may require a slight  
amount of force, but there should be no solid  
resistance against its closing. If there is  
solid resistance, you probably haven’t inserted  
the diskette all the way.  
Your Apple will respond by displaying the CP/M  
“sign on” message including Microsoft’s copy-  
right notice. This indicates that you have just  
successfully “booted” CP/M (congratulations).  
Part of the “sign on” message will indicate that  
you have just booted a 44K CP/M system. This is  
correct, you will create a 56K system as part of  
these enhancement procedures. The last thing  
your Apple should say is “A>”. This is your  
prompt to enter a command. A real quick one to  
try for you first time CP/M users is:  
DIR<RETURN>  
CP/M will indulge you by displaying the files  
which Microsoft so nicely included with the CP/M  
operating system.  
Enough playing, time to get back down to busi-  
ness. Insert the Rana Enhancer Diskette in  
drive B: (slot six, drive two), then type:  
DIR B:<RETURN>  
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Once again CP/M will indulge you by displaying  
those files which Rana so nicely supplied you.  
(What a pair of nice companies, right?) (if you  
are an Elite Three user, keep in mind that your  
drive will read standard Apple diskettes.) This  
little exercise shows that the enhancer diskette  
should be okay.  
The next step is to format a blank diskette.  
For now, you’ll need to use the FORMAT utility  
Microsoft supplied on the CP/M master until  
you’ve created an enhanced CP/M. To get FORMAT  
running, simply type:  
FORMAT<RETURN>  
(Tough, right?) After CP/M loads the utility  
into memory, FORMAT will “sign on” by saying  
something like:  
Apple ][ CP/M  
16 Sector Disk Formatter  
(C) 1980 Microsoft  
Format disk in which drive?  
If any part of your “sign on” message is dif-  
ferent, you may have a newer version In such a  
case, it would be wise to look up FORMAT in your  
CP/M manuals to make sure Microsoft didn’t  
change something for which these instructions  
have yet to be updated.  
Now you will need a diskette you can format  
(you’ll also need a second one later). If you  
want to format a used disk remember that all the  
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files as well as the system tracks will be  
erased. Format will normally detect an already  
formatted 16 sector disk and ask you to verify  
that you want the disk erased. This includes any  
DOS 3.3 or Apple Pascal diskettes you may  
have had lying around. If you plan on format-  
ting an Elite Two or Three diskette (higher  
capacity) you should check the Recommended Disk-  
ettes section of this manual.  
If you’re an Elite Three only user, you may have  
noticed that you are about to do a standard  
Apple Disk ][ format (which means doing some  
writing) on an Elite Three which is only sup-  
posed to be read compatible. This is true.  
However, since this procedure will not expect a  
non—Elite Three to read this diskette, it will  
all come out okay in the end.  
IMPORTANT! A safe idea before continuing is to  
remove the enhanced CP/M master and Enhancements  
diskettes (and any other already recorded disk-  
ettes) from the drives, but remember to reinsert  
them once the formatting has finished.  
Once you have a diskette, take out the CP/M  
master from drive A: and put in the blank disk-  
ette. Then type:  
A: <RETURN>  
FORMAT will respond with:  
Insert disk to be formatted in drive A:  
Press RETURN to begin  
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You should then oblige it by typing:  
<RETURN>  
FORMAT will respond with:  
Formatting...  
Drive A: will then rattle for about a minute,  
and FORMAT will come back with:  
FORMAT Complete  
Format disk in which drive?  
Since format has done all you require of it,  
simply type:  
<RETURN>  
FORMAT will then respond with:  
Insert CP/M System disk in drive A:  
Press RETURN  
This smart little utility remembered you had  
taken the CP/M master diskette out off drive A:  
so you could insert the blank disk to be format-  
ted. Follow its direction and remove the blank  
diskette from A: and re-insert the CP/M master  
diskette. When you have it in, type:  
<RETURN>  
The CP/M system prompt (NA>) should then ap-  
pear.  
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The CP/M Operating System and all the utility  
programs on the Apple CP/M master now need to be  
copied onto your newly formatted disk. The  
original Microsoft COPY utility supplied on your  
Apple CP/M Master will do the job nicely. To  
get it started, type:  
COPY<RETURN>  
After COPY is loaded into memory, it will “sign  
on” by saying:  
APPLE ][ CP/M  
16 Sector Disk Copy Utility  
(C) 1980 Microsoft  
*
The asterisk (“*”) prompt indicates COPY is  
ready to go.  
Remove the Apple CP/M master in drive A:, and  
place the newly formatted empty disk in instead.  
Place the CP/M master in drive E: It won’t  
matter what type of drive is where, it’ll all  
come out okay if one of the temporary con figura-  
tions given in the earlier table is in use.  
Following the asterisk (“*”) prompt type:  
A:B: <RETURN>  
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The utility will respond with:  
Insert MASTER disk into drive B:  
Insert SLAVE disk into drive A:  
Press RETURN to begin  
Type:  
<RETURN>  
COPY will then respond with:  
Copying...  
COPY will then proceed to read a little from  
drive B:, and then write it to drive A:; re-  
peating this process until the entire diskette  
is copied. Once COPY has finished, it will  
display:  
COPY Complete  
DD you wish to make another copy?  
Your newly formatted diskette (in drive A:) will  
now contain all the utilities and the operating  
system from the. Apple CP/M master. The CP/M  
operating system on this disk is the one which  
you will eventually enhance.  
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Take your Apple CP/M Master Diskette from B: and  
put it away in a safe place. You should no  
longer need it except in an emergency. Then  
type:  
N
to end the COPY utility. (Note: no <RETURN> is  
necessary.) COPY, like FORMAT, will remember  
that you have removed the CP/M master from drive  
A:, so it will say:  
Insert CP/M System disk into drive A:  
Hit RETURN  
Since the diskette in drive A: (the one which  
was the blank disk) now contains an exact copy  
of the CP/M master, go ahead and type:  
Once CP/M responds with its "A>”, you can check  
up on the COPY utility by typing  
DIR<RETURN>  
and seeing the directory of programs on the new  
CP/M master disk.  
The CPM56 utility from Microsoft must now be run  
to create a 56K operating system on your new  
master diskette. To get CPM56 to upgrade your  
44K system diskette to a 56K system diskette,  
type:  
CPM56 A: <Return>  
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CP/M will load the CPM56 utility into memory,  
then the utility will display:  
Apple II CP/M  
56K CP/M Disk Update Program  
(C) 1980 Microsoft  
Insert 16 sector disk into drive A:  
Hit RETURN to begin  
Since the system disk you want to update to 56K  
is the one you already have in drive A:, simply  
press:  
<RETURN>  
CPM56 will write out the 56K CP/M system image  
onto the diskette and then display:  
Disk has been updated to 56K  
Hit RETURN~T to re—boot system  
You will want to work with this 56K system, so  
type:  
<RETURN>  
Drive A: will rattle again and then CP/M will  
“sign back on” with the Microsoft copyright  
message. But, this time the message will say  
“56K” where it said “44K” last time you booted  
the system. The Rana Enhancement utility will now  
change the CP/M operating system to utilize the  
features of the Rana Controller and Drives,  
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and permanently place the Enhanced CP/M on the  
disk’s system tracks.  
The new copy of the CP/M Master disk should be  
in drive A: and the “A>” prompt should be on the  
screen. Place the Rana Elite Enhancements Disk  
in drive B: and type:  
B:ENHANCE <RETURN>  
Once CP/M gets the ENHANCE utility loaded, the  
utility will display:  
ENHANCE  
RANA Systems’ Enhancer for  
Microsoft’s Apple II 56K CP/M BIOS  
Copyright (C)(P) 1982 RANA Systems  
Version 1. 7  
BIOS Image  
Primary Copyright 1981 Microsoft  
Portions Copyright 1982 RANA Systems  
Insert a *COPY* of your Microsoft 56K  
CP/M 2.2 distribution diskette into  
drive A:. Please do *NOT* insert your  
original diskette from Microsoft.  
Press <RETURN> when diskette inserted  
and ready to be enhanced. Press any  
other key to terminate this program  
without enhancing the diskette.  
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Once that mouthful has finished displaying,  
type:  
<RETURN>  
ENHANCE will go out and replace those sections  
of the original Microsoft 56K CP/M with that  
information which is necessary to use the ad-  
vanced features of the Rana Elite products.  
Once ENHANCE is finished, it will display:  
Enhancing completed. Press <RETURN>  
to reboot system from slot #6.  
Since you will want to start playing with the  
enhanced CP/M right away, press:  
<RETURN>  
and ENHANCE will re-boot the enhanced CP/M sys-  
tern.  
The first enhancement you will notice on the  
enhanced CP/M is the additional Rana Systems  
copyright notice right below Microsoft’s. This  
is an easy way to make sure you have booted an  
enhanced CP/M. Elite Controller users with more  
than two drives attached to the controller will  
find that CP/M now recognizes the (those) extra  
drive(s). If you are one such user, and your  
Elite Controller is the one in slot six, place  
the Elite Enhancer Diskette in the third drive  
on the controller (drive C:) and type:  
DiR C: <RETURN>  
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CP/M will now give you a directory off that  
drive. (Wasn’t that fun!)  
In order to complete the enhanced CP/M master  
diskette, you will need to move the enhanced  
utilities onto the master diskette from the  
Enhancements diskette. The standard CP/M PIP  
utility is designed for this little task. (PIP  
stands for Peripheral Interchange Programs.)  
In order to make room for the new utilities on  
the master diskette, it will be necessary to  
remove the old ones first. Type the following  
two CP/M commands. After each command, CP/M  
will simply respond with “A>”.  
ERA FORMAT. COM<RETURN>  
ERA COPY. COM<RETURN>  
These two commands ERAsed the old FORMAT and  
COPY utilities. Now, to copy the new utilities  
onto the enhanced CP/M master, insert the En-  
hancements diskette into drive B:. Then type  
the following CP/M commands. After each com-  
mand, CP/M will respond with “A> when it has  
finished copying the file.  
PIP A:=B:FORMAT.COM[V]<RETURN>  
PIP A:=B:COPY.COM[V]<RETURN>  
PIP A:=B:PROFILE.COM[V]<RETURN>  
Each command tells the PIP utility to copy the  
specified file from drive B: to drive A:. The  
“[V]” part tells PIP to verify that each file  
was copied correctly. If you’re a first time  
Apple CF/N user, the “[“ character is produced  
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by typing <CTRL—K>, and the “]” character is  
produced by typing <SHIFT-M>. The Apple key-  
board is not marked with (at least one of) these  
characters. If you are using a special keyboard  
modification or 80-column board, you will prob-  
ably need to consult the manual for that product  
concerning special keyboard characters under  
CP/M.  
The next step is to create a system diskette  
which gives you the full storage capability of  
the drive you will be using as drive A:. If you  
will be using a Disk ][ as drive A:, then you  
can simply read through all the steps up to the  
rebooting of the system. Continue following the  
instructions right after the point where the  
system is rebooted.  
The first step in creating a system diskette for  
your higher capacity Elite drive is to format a  
diskette for the drive to use when it starts  
operating in a higher capacity way. Since you  
now have an enhanced CP/M, you can now run the  
new FORMAT utility in order to create these  
higher capacity diskettes. To get the new  
FORMAT started, type:  
FORMAT<RETURN>  
Once CP/M loads it in, FORMAT will respond with:  
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APPLE ][ CP/M  
16 Sector Disk Formatter  
Primary Copyright 1980 Microsoft  
Portions Copyright 1982 RANA Systems  
RANA Systems Version 1.1  
Format disk in which drive?  
In order to create a higher capacity diskette,  
you will need to choose, from the following  
table, whatever type of format would be suitable  
for the drive you currently have as drive B:.  
0 - Apple Disk ][  
1 - RANA Elite One  
2 — RANA Elite Two  
( 35 tracks)  
( 40 tracks)  
( 80 tracks)  
3 - RANA Elite Three (160 tracks)  
Once you have the drive type number from the  
table, type (without <RETURN>):  
B:  
followed by the drive type number. For example,  
if you have an Elite Two as drive B:, you would  
type:  
B: 2  
If you are stuck with just Apple Disk if drives,  
then you would type:  
B: 0  
You should be careful to specify the correct  
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drive type for the drive being used as drive B:.  
FOR MAT cannot always catch that the drive was  
unable to handle the type of format you request-  
ed. The disk will appear to be correctly for-  
matted but will cause a CP/M Disk I/O error or  
BDOS error at some later stage, or your new CP/M  
may not boot.  
Once you’ve specified the formatting informa-  
tion, type:  
<RETURN>  
FORMAT will respond with:  
Insert disk to be formatted in drive B:  
Press RETURN to begin  
Insert that second blank diskette which was  
mentioned earlier into drive B:, then type:  
<RETURN>  
FORMAT will respond with:  
Formatting...  
The drive will chatter and spin for almost a  
minute, (or two if formatting an Elite Two or  
Three diskette), then the screen will display:  
FORMAT Complete  
Format disk in which drive?  
To end the FORMAT utility, press:  
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<RETURN>  
without specifying any drive information. CP/M  
will eventually respond with “A>”.  
Before you can copy the system onto the diskette  
in drive B: in the correct format, you will need  
to inform the enhanced CP/M of drive B:‘s type.  
This is accomplished using the PROFILE utility.  
Just like the other utilities, get it started by  
typing:  
PROFILE<RETURN>  
its “sign on” is:  
APPLE ][ CP/M  
Drive Configuration Utility  
Copyright (C)(P) 1982 RANA Systems  
Version 1. 1  
*
There is slot more to this utility than what you  
will make use of right now. For now, type  
(without <RETURN>):  
B:  
followed by the drive type number you used ear-  
lier during FORMAT.  
For example, if drive B: is an Elite Two you  
would type:  
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B:2  
Once you’ve typed the drive type number, press:  
<RETURN~>  
and PROFILE will respond with:  
Was B: Apple Disk-][ Slow seek.  
and:  
Now B: RANA Elite One, Medium seek.  
or:  
Now B: RANA Elite Two, Fast seek.  
or:  
Now B: RANA Elite Three, Fast seek.  
followed by:  
Ready to update in-memory system.  
<RETURN> to continue/retry;  
<ESC> or <CTRL-C> to abort.  
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Since you, no doubt, entered the command cor-  
rectly and received the response which would be  
correct for whichever type of drive you have as  
drive B:, simply press:  
and PROFILE will update the current operating  
CP/M so that it recognizes drive B: as whatever  
drive B: should he.  
After PROFILE updates the CP/M system, it will  
return to the asterisk (“*”) prompt. To get out  
of PROFILE, type (without <RE,TURN>):  
<CTRL -C>  
CP/M will respond with “A>”.  
Unlike Apple DOS’s “INIT” command, CP/M’s FORMAT  
does not place a copy of the operating system  
(in this case, CP/M) onto the newly formatted  
diskette. This task is left up to the COPY  
utility, which will place a copy of CP/M onto an  
existing diskette without altering any other  
information on the diskette. Since that is what  
you will want to do now, type:  
COPY<RETURN>  
to get the new COPY utility running.  
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Once it’s loaded, it will respond with:  
APPLE ][ CP/M  
16 Sector Disk Copy Utility  
Primary Copyright 1980 Microsoft  
Portions Copyright 1982 RANA Systems  
RANA Systems Version 1.1  
*
Once again, the “*” signals that COPY is ready  
for a command. This time, however, the command  
will he slightly different. Type:  
B:A:/S<RETURN>  
Just like with the first time you used Micro-  
soft’s COPY, this command tells COPY to copy  
information from drive A: to drive B:; hut the  
added “/S” tells COPY to copy just the system  
from one drive to the other and to not disturb  
the other information on the diskette in drive  
B;. Copy will respond with:  
Insert SOURCE disk into drive A:  
Insert TARGET disk into drive B:  
Press RETURN to begin  
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Since the two diskettes are already inserted,  
type:  
<RETURN>  
and copy will respond with:  
Copying...  
This time COPY will make one read on drive A:,  
and then one write on drive B:. The new COPY  
utility will place the CP/M system onto the  
diskette in drive B: in the proper format so  
that the diskette will later boot correctly  
using that drive (or another drive of the same  
type). When COPY is finished it will display:  
COPY Complete  
Do you wish to make another copy?  
Once again, simply type (without <RETURN>):  
N
Since drive A: was used as one of the drives  
during the copy, COPY will remind you to rein-  
sert the CP/M master diskette back into drive A:  
by saying:  
Insert CP/M System disk into drive A:  
Hit RETURN  
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The enhanced CP/M master was never removed, so  
just type:  
<RETURN>  
and the CP/M “A>” prompt will appear.  
At this point in the procedures you have created  
a diskette which will boot correctly (up to a  
point) on the type of drive you will eventually  
be using as drive A:, but the CP/M system which  
is on the diskette for that drive still thinks  
that drive A: is a Disk ][. This is because the  
system you copied (the one on the enhanced mas-  
ter diskette) was still treating drive A: as a  
Disk H. In fact, that copy of CP/M thinks that  
all drives on your system are Disk If drives  
right now. To remedy this problem for just drive  
A: for now, get back into PROFILE by typing:  
PROFILE<RETURN>  
Again, the utility will “sign on” with:  
Apple ][ CP/M  
Drive Configuration Utility  
Copyright Cc). (p) 1982 RANA Systems  
Version 1.1  
*
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Now let’s take a look at why the enhanced CP/M  
is treating all your drives just like Disk ][  
drives. Type:  
B:=*<RETURN>  
This tells PROFILE to go Look at the drive  
configuration table contained within the en-  
hanced CP/M system sitting on the diskette in  
drive B:, and tell you which drive letter (A:  
through P:) is set to which drive type. PROFILE  
will first ask for the diskette to be inserted  
into drive B: by saying:  
Insert a system disk in B:.  
<RETURN> to continue/retry;  
<ESC> or <CTRL-C> to abort.  
Since you are interested in the diskette already  
in B:, simply press:  
<RETURN>  
and PROFILE will go read in the configuration  
table from that diskette.  
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Once the table is “read-in”, PROFILE will tell  
you the system configuration for which it is set  
Up:  
A: Apple Disk—][,  
Slow seek.  
*
*
*
P:+  
Slow seek.  
*
The three vertical dots are supposed to indicate  
that the other drives (B: through 0:) will also  
be listed. After the drives are listed, PROFILE  
will display the asterisk (“*”) prompt again and  
wait for your next command. On your display,  
drives A: through H: will all be listed as Disk—  
if. This is why the enhanced CP/M is treating  
all your drives like Disk—][’s. We’ll fix that  
little problem in a bit.  
The reason why I: through P: do not show a drive  
type is because the Apple II CP/M does not  
support those drives through the CP/M operating  
system. The reason why I: through P: are listed  
at all is explained in a later section which  
goes further into the enhanced CP/M system and  
its utilities. The plus sign (“+”) will appear  
after each drive letter which cannot be current-  
ly accessed on the system because there is no  
controller card for it.  
The last part of each line is the seek speed at  
which the drive is defined to seek All Disk ][  
drives can only seek at the slow (standard Ap-  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
CP/M ENHANCEMENTS  
ple) rate, so that is all that should be listed  
for now.  
To change the setting for drive A: within that  
system sitting out on the diskette in drive B:,  
type (without <RETURN>):  
B:=A:  
What you’ve told PROFILE so far is that you are  
interested in updating the CP/M system in drive  
B: (“B:=”), and the change you wish to make is  
to drive A: (“A:”). However, you’ve yet to  
specify the change to be made. Remember that  
drive type number you used back in FORMAT and  
PROFILE? It’s time to type that again.  
Example: If drive A: is going to be (in your  
finished system) an Elite Two (in which case  
drive B: should be an Elite Two right now), you  
would want to type:  
B:=A:2  
If drive A: is going to be an Elite One, type:  
B:=A:1  
and last, but certainly not least (by about  
500,000 bytes of storage), the Elite Three would  
be:  
B:=A:3  
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Once you’ve entered the drive type number,  
press:  
<RETURN>  
and PROFILE will respond with (again):  
Insert a system disk in B:  
<RETURN> to continue/retry;  
<ESC> or <CTRL -C> to abort.  
Given that you entered the command correctly (of  
course you didl), press:  
<RETURN>  
and PROFILE should mutter something like:  
Was A: Apple Disk-][, Slow seek.  
and then:  
Now A: RANA Elite One, Medium seek.  
or:  
Now A: RANA Elite two, Fast seek.  
or:  
Now A: RANA Elite Three, Fast seek.  
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and always:  
Ready to update B:.  
<RETURN> to continue/retry;  
<ESC> or <CTRL-C> to abort.  
The “Now" message you get will match the drive  
type you specified. To update the CP/M system  
on drive B:, type:  
and PROFILE will write out the new configura-  
tion.  
Now you can turn your Apple off (don’t worry  
about still being in PROFILE) and rearrange the  
drives into your final configuration. When you  
have everything set, reboot the system (just  
like you did at the beginning of this whole  
process) using the diskette which is currently  
in drive B:.  
Once you have the system rebooted, the last  
thing you will need to do in completing your  
higher capacity system diskette (the one you  
just booted). To do this, you’ll need to copy  
the CP/M distribution files (from Microsoft and  
Rana) onto the higher capacity diskette. To do  
this, insert the first enhanced CP/M master  
diskette you made into drive B: and type:  
B:PIP A:=B:*.*[V]<RETURN>  
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This command first tells CP/M where to find PIP  
(“B:PIP”), and then tells PIP to copy all files  
on drive B: (“B:*.*”) to drive A: (“A:=”) and  
verify that they made it correctly (“[V]”).  
Since PIP will he doing a whole hunch of files,  
it will display the name of each file as it is  
copied. PIP must he used to copy each file one  
at a time since the diskette in drive A: and the  
diskette in drive B: are of a different type and  
the files must he written to the diskette ac-  
cording to the diskette’s type. COPY will not  
rearrange files into different arrangements  
according to the diskette’s type. When PIP is  
finished, it will return to the CP/M “A>”  
prompt.  
All the hard work is over. There is just one  
last little task which must he completed. De-  
fining the remainder of your drives within the  
CP/M system so that they are treated as they  
should he. Since this falls under PROFILE’s  
domain, bring it hack up by typing:  
PROFILE<RETURN>  
It will “sign—on” with its, usual:  
APPLE ][ CP/M  
Drive Configuration Utility  
Copyright (C)(P.). 1982 RANA Systems  
Version 1. 1  
*
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The easiest way to define within enhanced CP/M  
which type of drive is where is by specifying  
one long string of change commands, preceeded  
by:  
For example, if you have an Elite Two as drive  
B:, a Disk if as drive C:, an Elite One as drive  
D:, and another Disk if as drive E:, you would  
type:  
A:=B:2,C:0,D:1,E:0<RETURN>  
Note that there is no need to respecify drive A:  
since it is already defined correctly. The  
drive type numbers come from that same table in  
which you found the number for FORMAT and  
PROFILE earlier. The “A:=” in front tells  
PROFILE you want to make these changes to the  
“system image” sitting on the diskette in drive  
A:. Once you press <RETURN>, PROFILE will  
respond with:  
Insert a system disk in A:.  
<RETURN> to continue/retry;  
<ESC> or <CTRL-C> to abort.  
If you entered the command correctly, go ahead  
at press:  
<RETURN>  
If you just realized you made a mistake, press:  
<ESC>  
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If you press <RETURN>, PROFILE will list all the  
“Was” and “NOW” changes that it made (under your  
direction), and then display:  
Ready to update A:.  
<RETURN> to continue/retry;  
<ESC> or <CTRL-C> to abort.  
Once again, PROFILE gives you a chance to back-  
out. If all the changes PROFILE listed were  
suitable to you, press:  
<RETURN>  
and PROFILE will update the “system image” on  
the diskette. If a change was not to your  
liking, press:  
<ESC>  
and PROFILE will not make any changes. In either  
case, PROFILE will return to the asterisk (“*”)  
prompt.  
When you’ve finished making all the changes you  
desire, type:  
<CTRL —C>  
after the asterisk (“*”) prompt, and PROFILE  
will “terminate” back to the CP/M “A>” prompt.  
All the hard work is over. It’s time to enjoy!!  
If you want to see the difference between a Disk  
][’s capacity and your new Elite drive’s capa-  
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CP/M ENHANCEMENTS  
city (if you’re an Elite Two or Three user, this  
will make your day), look up the:  
STAT DSK: <RETURN>  
command in your Microsoft CP/M manuals. For a  
Disk ][ drive, STAT will respond with the fol-  
lowing:  
A: Drive Characteristics  
1024: 128 Byte Record Capacity  
128: Kilobyte Drive Capacity  
48: 32 Byte Directory Entries  
48: Checked Directory Entries  
128: Records/ Extent  
8: Records/ Block  
32: Sectors/ Track  
3: Reserved Tracks  
The drive capacity in records and kilobytes is  
what will primarily interest you. Also, a quick  
explanation: the 32 sectors/track is correct.  
When Apple talks about 16 sectors/track, they  
are refering to a “sector” which contains 256  
bytes. When CP/M refers to a “sector”, it is  
refering to a "sector of 128 bytes. Microsoft  
(and thus Rana) handles this small difference in  
interpretation of a “sector” by packing two CP/M  
sectors into every Apple sector (2 times 128  
equals 256). Therefore Microsoft gets twice as  
many (smaller) CP/M sectors on every track (32)  
as Apple does (16). The actual way “sectors”  
are read and written from/to a diskette is iden—  
tical between Microsoft CP/M, Apple DOS 3.3, and  
Apple Pascal 1.1. This means that all three  
systems can read and write the remaining two  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
CP/M ENHANCEMENTS  
systems’ diskettes, but they generally do not  
understand the information which the other two  
systems’ place within the “sectors”.  
Remember, when it comes to the new Rana version  
of the FORMAT and COPY utilities, the instruc-  
tions in this manual are intended to replace  
those instructions given in the very informative  
Microsoft CP/M manuals.  
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4.2. Using a Single Drive  
These instructions detail a very specific ap-  
proach to creating an enhanced CP/M for any  
valid combination of Elite drives, Elite Con-  
trollers, Disk if drives, and Disk if control-  
lers which any user can possibly dream up. This  
places upon these instructions an almost impos-  
sible task, considering the vivid imagination of  
many users. Since there are many steps in the  
instructions which can be simplified for multi-  
drive users, the single drive and multi-drive  
user instructions have been split into their own  
sections. If you are a multi—drive user, you  
will want to use the instructions in the pre-  
ceeding section.  
These instructions have been written in a step-  
by-step manner, with some explanation of what is  
being done at each step. All of these instruc-  
tions have been tested at Rana to confirm that  
they are correct. In addition, several “early  
release” and later users also confirmed the  
accuracy of these instructions. Therefore,  
there is no reason for you not having complete  
success following these instructions. That is,  
if you follow the instructions completely, step  
by step. You are encouraged to read these in—  
structions completely, all the way through,  
before starting the procedure. That way you  
will have a general understanding of what all is  
involved before “diving in”.  
The length of these instructions is due to the  
fact that this will be your initial creation of  
an enhanced CP/M. Once this initial diskette is  
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created, life becomes alot easier. Even though  
the instructions are lengthy, they are not ter-  
ribly complex to follow.  
In order to use Microsoft Apple If CP/M, you  
must have your disk controller card (Elite or  
Disk ][) in slot six. Your disk drive (Elite or  
Disk ][) must be attached to the first drive’s  
connector on the controller card (drive one).  
Turn on the computer without a disk in the  
drive. If you have the Autostart feature, your  
drive should rattle for a bit and then sit there  
quietly spinning waiting for a diskette. If you  
have an old Apple, you may not have the Auto—  
start feature, so you will need to tell your  
Apple to start-up the drive.  
A Non-Autostart Apple will “beep” then display  
an asterisk (“*”) prompt right away. When this  
prompt appears, simply type:  
6<CTRL-P><RETURN>  
When indicating those keys on the Apple ][ key-  
hoard which are not just a single character  
(i.e. RETURN, CTRL, ESC, etc.) these instruc-  
tions will show the key enclOsed in angle brack-  
ets (<RETURN>) to indicate that the single key  
with that label is to be pressed, and not that  
the key sequence “R”, “E”, “T”, “U”, “R”, and  
“N” should be typed. Combined key sequences  
such as <CTRL—P> indicate that the <CTRL> key  
should be held down while the “P’ key is press-  
ed.  
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The “6<CTRL-P><RETURN>” command assumes that  
your disk controller card (Elite or Disk ][) is  
located in slot number six. If it isn’t, it  
should be moved to slot six (with power off,  
please) since CP/M will expect it to be there.  
Should either Integer or Applesoft BASIC’s  
prompt (“>“ or “]”) appear on the screen, then  
your Autostart Apple could not find your disk  
controller card. (Disk controllers won’t work  
in slot zero, and CP/M will want the controller  
in slot six.) If your controller is in slot  
six, then there may be something wrong with the  
controller. (This section of the manual cannot  
cope with problems, check the Table of Contents  
for the section which can.)  
When all goes well, your drive‘s “busy" light  
will be on and it will be quietly spinning  
waiting for a diskette. Simply oblige it by  
inserting your CP/M master diskette from Micro-  
soft. (Label should be up and the last thing to  
go in the door.) Then close the drive door  
slowly. The door may require a slight amount of  
force, but there should be no solid resistance  
against its closing. If there is solid resist-  
ance, you probably haven’t inserted the diskette  
all the way.  
Your Apple will respond by displaying the CP/M  
“sign on” message including Microsoft’s copy-  
right notice. This indicates that you have just  
successfully “booted” CP/M (congratulations).  
Part of the “sign on” message will indicate that  
you have just booted a 44K CP/M system. This is  
correct, you will create a 56K system as part of  
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these enhancement procedures. The last thing  
your Apple should say is “A>”. This is your  
prompt to enter a command. A real quick one to  
try for you first time CP/H users is:  
DIR <RETURN>  
CP/M will indulge you by displaying the files  
which Microsoft so nicely included with the CP/M  
operating system.  
Enough playing, time to get back down to busi-  
ness. Remove the CP/M master diskette and in-  
sert the Rana Enhancer Diskette, and again type:  
DIR<RETURN>  
Once again CP/M will indulge you by displaying  
those files which Rana so nicely supplied you.  
(What a pair of nice companies, right?) (If  
you’re an Elite Three user, keep in mind that  
your drive will read standard Apple diskettes.)  
This little exercise shows that the enhancer  
diskette should he okay.  
The next step is to format a blank diskette.  
For now, you’ll need to use the FORMAT utility  
Microsoft supplied on the CP/M master until  
you’ve created an enhanced CP/M. To get FORMAT  
running, insert the CF/M master and type:  
FORMAT<RETURN>  
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(Tough, right?) After CP/M loads the utility  
into memory, FORMAT will “sign on” by saying  
something like:  
Apple ][ CP/M  
16 Sector Disk Formatter  
(C) 1980 Microsoft  
Format disk in which drive?  
If any part of your “sign on” message is differ-  
ent, you may have a newer version. In such a  
case, it would be wise to look up FORMAT in your  
CP/M manuals to make sure Microsoft didn’t  
change something for which these instructions  
have yet to be updated.  
Now you will need a diskette you can format  
(you’ll also need a second one later). If you  
want to format a used disk remember that all the  
files as well as the system tracks will be  
erased. Format will normally detect an already  
formatted 16 sector disk and ask you to verify  
that you want the disk erased. This includes  
any DOS 3.3 or Apple Pascal diskettes you may  
have had lying around. If you plan on format-  
ting an Elite Two or Three diskette (higher  
capacity) you should check the Recommended Disk-  
ettes section of this manual.  
If you’re an Elite Three user, you may have  
noticed that you are about to do a standard  
Apple Disk ][ format (which means doing some  
writing) on an Elite Three which is only suppose  
to be read compatible. This is true. However,  
since this procedure will not expect a non-Elite  
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Three to read this diskette, it will all come out  
okay in the end.  
Once you have a diskette, take out the CP/M  
master and put in the blank diskette. Then type:  
A: <RETURN>  
FORMAT will respond with:  
Insert disk to be formatted in drive A:  
Press RETURN to begin  
You should then oblige it by typing:  
(RETURN>  
FORMAT will respond with:  
Formatting...  
Your drive will rattle for about a minute, and  
FORMAT will come back with:  
FORMAT Complete  
Format disk in which drive?  
Since format has done all you require of it,  
simply type:  
<RETURN>  
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FORMAT will then respond with:  
Insert CP/M System disk in drive A:  
Press RETURN  
This smart little utility remembered you had  
taken the CP/M master diskette out of the drive  
so you could insert the blank disk to be format-  
ted. Fallow its direction and remove the blank  
diskette and re—insert the CP/M master diskette.  
When you have it in, type:  
<RETURN>  
The CP/M system prompt (“A>”) should then ap-  
pear.  
The CP/M Operating System and all the utility  
programs on the Apple CP/M master now need to be  
copied onto your newly formatted disk. The  
original Microsoft COPY utility supplied on your  
Apple CP/M Master will do the job nicely. To  
get it started, type:  
COPY<RETURN>  
After COPY is loaded into memory, it will ”sign  
on” by saying:  
APPLE ][ CP/M  
16 Sector Disk Copy Utility  
(C) 1980 Microsoft  
*
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The asterisk (“*”) prompt indicates COPY is  
ready to go.  
Following the prompt type:  
A:=A:  
The utility will respond with:  
Insert MISTER disk and press RETURN  
Type:  
<RETURN>  
COPY will then read as much of the CP/M master  
diskette as it can into memory. Then it will  
say:  
Insert SLAVE disk and press RETURN  
You should then insert the newly formatted disk-  
ette, and tell COPY to continue by typing:  
<RETURN>  
Then COPY will write out what it has in memory  
to the new diskette. After it’s all written,  
COPY will again ask for the CP/M master diskette  
by saying:  
Insert MASTER disk and press RETURN  
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In response to this message you should insert  
the CP/M master and then type:  
<RETURN>  
COPY will proceed like this until the copy is  
completed. It will take about eight diskette  
exchanges (four inserts of each diskette) to  
complete the copy. Once COPY has finished, it  
will display:  
COPY Complete  
Do you wish to make another copy?  
Your newly formatted diskette (still in the  
drive) will now contain all the utilities and  
the operating system from the Apple CP/M master.  
The CP/M operating system on this disk is the  
one which you will eventually enhance.  
Take your Apple CP/M Master Diskette (the one  
not in the drive) and put it away in a safe  
place. You should no longer need it except in  
an emergency. Then type (without <RETURN>):  
N
to end the COPY utility. COPY, like FORMAT,  
will remember that you have removed the CP/M  
master from the drive, so it will say:  
Insert CP/M System disk into drive A:  
flit RETURN  
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Since the diskette in the drive (the one which  
was the blank disk) now contains an exact copy  
of the CP/M master, go ahead and type:  
<RETURN>  
Once CP/M responds with its “A>”, you can check  
up on the COPY utility by typing  
DIR <RETURN>  
and seeing the directory of programs on the new  
CP/M master disk.  
The CPM56 utility from Microsoft must now be run  
to create a 56K operating system on your new  
master diskette. To get CPM56 to upgrade your  
44K system diskette to a 56K system diskette,  
type:  
CPM56 A:<RETURN>  
CP/M will load the CPM56 utility into memory,  
then the utility will display:  
Apple ][ CP/M  
56K CP/M Disk Update Program  
(C) 1980 Microsoft  
Insert 16 sector disk into drive A:  
Hit RETURN to begin  
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Since the system disk you want to update to 56K  
is the one you already have in drive A:, simply  
press:  
<RETURN>  
CPM56 will write out the 56K CP/M system image  
onto the diskette and then display:  
Disk has been updated to 56K  
Hit RETURN to re-Boot system  
You will want to work with this 56K system, so  
type:  
<RETURN>  
Your drive will rattle again and then CP/M will  
~‘sign back on” with the Microsoft copyright  
message. But, this time the message will say  
“56K” where it said “44K” last time you booted  
the system. The Rena Enhancement utility will  
now change the CP/M operating system to utilize  
the features of the Rena controller and drives,  
and permanently place the Enhanced CP/M on the  
disk’s system tracks.  
Remove the copy of the CP/M master diskette from  
the drive and insert the Elite Enhancements  
Diskette. Type:  
ENHANCE<RETURN>  
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Once CP/M gets the ENHANCE utility loaded, the  
utility will display:  
ENHANCE  
RANA Systems’ Enhancer for  
Microsoft Us Apple ][ 56K CP/M BIOS  
Copyright (C)(P) 7982 RANA Systems  
Version 1.1  
BIOS Image  
Primary Copyright 1981 Microsoft  
Portions Copyright 1982 RANA Systems  
Insert a *COPY* of your Microsoft 56K CP/M  
2.2 distribution diskette into drive A:.  
Please do *NOT* insert your original  
diskette from Microsoft.  
Press <RETURN> when diskette inserted and  
ready to be enhanced. Press any other key to  
terminate this program without enhancing the  
diskette.  
After that mouthful has finished displaying,  
reinsert the copy of the CP/M master diskette  
into the drive and type:  
<RETURN>  
ENHANCE will go out and replace those sections  
of the original Microsoft 56K CP/M with that  
information which is necessary to use the ad-  
vanced features of the Rana Elite products.  
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Once ENHANCE is finished, it will display:  
Enhancing completed. Press <RETURN>  
to reboot system from slot #6.  
Since you will want to start playing with the  
enhanced CP/M right away, press:  
<RETURN>  
and ENHANCE will re-boot the enhanced CP/M sys-  
tem.  
The first enhancement you will notice on the  
enhanced CP/M is the additional Rana Systems  
copyright notice right below Microsoft’s. This  
is an easy way to make sure you have booted an  
enhanced CP/M.  
In order to complete the enhanced CP/M master  
diskette, you will need to move the enhanced  
utilities onto the master diskette from the  
Enhancements diskette. The standard CP/M PIP  
utility is designed for this little task. (PIP  
stands for “Peripheral Interchange Program”.)  
However, PIP does not understand a single drive  
copy. Therefore, your Enhancer diskette in-  
cludes a special utility which will assist PIP  
in that area. But first, in order to make room  
for the new utilities on the master diskette, it  
will be necessary to remove the old ones first.  
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Type the following three CP/M commands. After  
each command, CP/M will simply respond with  
“A>”.  
ERA FORMAT. COM <RETURN>  
ERA COPY. COM<RETURN>  
ERA RW13.COM<RETURN>  
These three commands ERAsed the old FORMAT and  
COPY utilities, along with the little used (but  
still useful) utility RW13. RW13 was erased to  
make room for the SGLDRIVE utility on the al-  
ready packed Disk ][ capacity CP/M master disk-  
ette.  
Now, to copy the new utilities onto the enhanced  
CP/M master, insert the Enhancements diskette  
into the drive, and then type:  
SGLDRIVE<RETURN>  
SGLDRIVE is PIP’s assist utility which makes  
CP/M (and therefore PIP) think that your one  
drive is actually two drives. SGLDRIVE will  
respond with:  
Enhanced Apple ][ CP/M  
Dual to Single Drive Mapping Utility  
Copyright (C) 7982 RANA Systems  
Revision 1. 1  
B: now mapped to A:  
Mount A:, Press <ESC>  
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The final "mount" message comes from the section  
of SGLDRIVE which is left in memory as part of  
the operating system (CP/M) after the bulk of  
SGLDRIVE goes away. This extra little “resi-  
dent” section of SGLDRIVE does not consume any  
of the user’s memory. It is loaded into that  
section of the operating system which is only  
required if you have more than one drive. And,  
since you don’t have more than one drive (other-  
wise you wouldn’t he running SGLDRIVE), this  
section of the operating system can he used for  
other purposes.  
Once this “resident” portion of SGLDRIVE is  
loaded, CP/M as an operating system will begin  
recognizing two different drives (A: and B:),  
even though you only have the one physical drive  
attached to your Apple. SGLDRIVE “fools” CP/M  
into seeing another drive by constantly watching  
which drive CP/M (and standard programs running  
under CP/M, such as PIP) is trying to talk to at  
any particular time. Whenever CP/M changes from  
trying to talk to drive A: to trying to talk to  
drive B:, SGLDRIVE displays the message:  
Mount B:, Press <ESC>  
This gives you a chance to remove the diskette  
which CP/M thinks is the one in drive A:, and  
insert the diskette which CP/M thinks is in  
drive B:. Once you press:  
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SGLDRIVE converts CP/M’s request to read or  
write on drive B: into a request to do the same  
read or write on drive A: (which now has the  
“phoney” drive B:’s diskette in it). Along the  
same lines, whenever CP/M changes from talking  
to drive B: back to talking to drive A:,  
SGLDRIVE displays the message:  
Mount A:, Press <ESC>  
This give you a chance to remove the “phoney”  
drive B: diskette and reinsert drive A:’s disk-  
ette. Once you’ve changed the diskettes, press:  
and CP/M will be allowed to continue. If you are  
already starting to envision grand and glorious  
things for SGLDRIVE to do for you, it is  
suggested that you check the section later in  
this manual which deals strictly with SGLDRIVE  
itself. It explains some of the drawbacks and  
problems which can arise when using SGLDRIVE  
with certain types of programs. For now,  
SGLDRIVE is going to help you with the problem  
of PIP not being able to copy files between two  
different diskettes using one drive.  
SGLDRIVE will still be sitting there waiting for  
you to insert the diskette for drive A:, so  
insert the enhanced CP/M master diskette and  
type:  
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CP/M will respond with it’s “A>”. Now issue the  
following four commands. After each command has  
completed, CP/M will respond with it’s “A>”  
prompt. Whenever SGLDRIVE asks you to “mount  
B:”, you should insert the Enhancer diskette and  
then press <ESC>. When SGLDRIVE asks you to  
“mount A:”, you should insert the enhanced CP/M  
master diskette and then press <ESC>.  
PIP A: =B:FORMAT.COM[V] <RETURN>  
PIP A: =B:COPY.COM[V]<RETURN>  
PIP A: =B:PROFILE.COM[V] <RETURN>  
PIP A: =B:SGLDRIVE.COM[V]<RETURN>  
If you are a first time Apple CP/M user, the “[“  
character is produced by typing <CTRL-K>, and  
the "]" character is produced by typing <SHIFT-  
N>. The Apple keyboard is not marked with (at  
least one of) these characters. If you are  
using a special keyboard modification or 80—  
column board, you will probably need to consult  
the manual for that product concerning special  
keyboard characters under CP/M.  
These commands told the PIP utility to copy the  
specified files from drive B: to drive A: and to  
verify that the files made it there correctly  
(“[V]").  
The next step is to create a system diskette  
which gives you the full storage capability of  
your drive. If the only Elite product you have  
is the Elite Controller, then you are finished.  
The rest of these instructions deal with the  
configuring of the enhanced CP/M to make use of  
the extra storage of an Elite Series drive.  
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The first step in creating a system diskette for  
your higher capacity Elite drive is to format a  
diskette for the drive to use when it starts  
operating in a higher capacity way. Since you  
now have an enhanced CP/M, you can now run the  
new FORMAT utility in order to create these  
higher capacity diskettes. To get the new  
FORMAT started, type:  
FORMAT<RETURN>  
Once CP/M loads it in, FORMAT will respond with:  
APPLE ][ CP/M  
16 Sector Disk Formatter  
Primary Copyright 1980 Microsoft  
Portions Copyright 1982 RANA Systems  
RANA Systems Version 1. 1  
Format disk in which drive?  
In order to create a higher capacity diskette,  
you will need to choose, from the following  
table, whatever type of format would he suitable  
for your drive:  
0 - Apple Disk ][  
1 - RANA Elite One  
2 - RANA Elite Two  
( 35 tracks)  
( 40 tracks)  
( 80 tracks)  
3 - RANA Elite Three (160 tracks)  
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Once you have the drive type number from the  
table, type (without <RETURN>):  
A:  
followed by the drive type number. For example,  
if you have an Elite Two, you would type:  
A:2  
If you have an Elite One, you would type:  
A:1  
And, if you have an Elite Three, you would type:  
A:3  
You should be careful to specify the correct  
drive type for your drive. FORMAT cannot always  
catch that the drive was unable to handle the  
type of format you requested. The disk will  
appear to be correctly formatted but will cause  
a CP/M Disk I/O error or BDOS error at some  
later stage, or your new CP/M may not boot.  
Once you’ve specified the formatting informa-  
tion, type:  
<RETURN>  
FORMAT will respond with:  
Insert disk to be formatted in drive A:  
Press RETURN to begin  
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Insert that second blank diskette which was  
mentioned earlier, then type:  
<RETURN>  
FORMAT will respond with:  
Formatting...  
The drive will chatter and spin for almost a  
minute, (or two if formatting an Elite Two or  
Three diskette), then the screen will display:  
FORMAT Complete  
Format disk in which drive?  
To end the FORMAT utility, press:  
<RETURN>  
without specifying any drive information. Once  
again FORMAT will remember that you had to re-  
move the enhanced CP/M master diskette in order  
to insert the blank diskette to be formatted, so  
it will say:  
Insert CP/M System disk in drive A:  
Press RETURN  
Remove the just formatted diskette and reinsert  
the enhanced CP/M master diskette. Then press:  
<RETURN>  
CP/M will eventually respond with “A>”.  
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Before you can copy the system onto the new  
diskette in the correct format, you will need to  
define for the enhanced CP/M a drive which can  
read and write in the higher capacity format.  
This is accomplished using the PROFILE utility.  
Just like the other utilities, get it started by  
typing:  
PROFILE<RETURN>  
its “sign on” is:  
APPLE ][ CP/M  
Drive Configuration Utility  
Copyright (C)(P) 1982 RANA Systems  
Version 1. 1  
*
There is alot more to this utility than what you  
will make use of right now. For now, type  
(without <RETURN>):  
B:  
followed by the drive type number you used ear-  
lier during FORMAT.  
For example, if your drive is an Elite Two you  
would type:  
B:2  
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Once you’ve typed the drive type number, press:  
<RETURN>  
and PROFILE will respond with:  
Was B: Apple Disk-][  
Slow seek.  
and:  
or:  
Now B: RANA Elite One, Medium seek.  
Now B: RANA Elite Two, Fast seek.  
or:  
Now B: RANA Elite Three, Fast seek.  
followed by:  
Ready to update in-memory system. <RETURN>  
to continue/retry; <ESC> or <CTRL-C> to  
abort.  
Since you, no doubt, entered the command cor-  
rectly and received the response which would be  
correct for whichever type of drive you have,  
simply press:  
<RETURN>  
and PROFILE will update the currently operating  
CP/M so that it recognizes the phoney drive B:  
as whatever your drive should be. This gets a  
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little confusing since drive B:, when using  
SGLDRIVE, will actually he drive A: (the only  
drive you have). However, its actually not all  
that complicated. Whenever CP/M goes to talk to  
drive B:, it will think it is talking to a  
higher capacity Elite Drive. SGLDRIVE will take  
care of the fact that drive B: is actually drive  
A: (with a different diskette inside). When CP/M  
goes to talk to drive A:, it will think of it as  
a Disk It. The only thing you need to worry  
about is that when SGLDRIVE asks you to mount  
the diskette for drive B:, you must put in the  
diskette which was formatted for the higher  
capacity. When SGLDRIVE requests the diskette  
for drive A:, you must put in the enhanced CP/M  
system master diskette. Let the system worry  
about all the complicated details of dealing  
with two different types of diskettes.  
After PROFILE updates the CP/M system, it will  
return to the asterisk (“*”) prompt. The next  
thing that needs doing is a small assist for  
SGLDRIVE. tAle to the way SGLDRIVE functions,  
you will also need to redefine drive D: (another  
drive you don’t actually have) the same way you  
redefined drive B:. So, if you’re an Elite One  
user, type:  
D:1<RETURN>  
If you’re an Elite Two user, type:  
D:2<RETURN>  
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and of course, if you’re an Elite Three user,  
type:  
D:3<RETURN>  
PROFILE will then go through all the same steps  
it did when you redefined drive B:, except this  
time it will apply to drive D:. Once you get  
back to the asterisk (“*”) prompt, type (without  
<RETURN>):  
<CTRL-C>  
to get out of PROFILE. CP/M will respond with  
“A>”.  
Unlike Apple DOS’s “INIT” command, CP/M’s FORMAT  
does not place a copy of the operating system  
(in this case, CP/M) onto the newly formatted  
diskette. This task is left up to the COPY  
utility, which will place a copy of CP/M onto an  
existing diskette without altering any other  
information on the diskette. Since that is what  
you will want to do now, type:  
COPY<RETURN>  
to get the new COPY utility running.  
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Once it’s loaded, it will respond with:  
APPLE ][ CP/M  
16 Sector Disk Copy Utility  
Primary Copyright 1980 Microsoft  
Portions Copyright 1982 RANA Systems  
RANA Systems Version 1. 1  
*
Once again, the “*” signals that COPY is ready  
for a command. This time, however, the command  
will be slightly different. Type:  
B: =A :/5<RETURN>  
This command tells COPY to copy the CP/M system  
which is on the diskette in drive A: to the  
diskette in drive B: without altering any other  
information on the diskette in drive B:. Of  
course, there is no drive B:, but SGLDRIVE will  
take care of the problem for you. Right away,  
SGLDRIVE will catch COPY requesting information  
from drive B:, so it will allow you to change  
diskettes by saying:  
Mount B:, Press <ESC>  
Once you’ve changed the diskette in the drive  
from the enhanced CP/M master to the higher  
capacity formatted diskette, press:  
<ESC>  
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Since COPY knows nothing of this little diskette  
change that occurred, it will respond with:  
Insert SOURCE disk into drive A:  
Insert TARGET disk into drive B:  
Press RETURN to begin  
With SGLDRIVE running, this message is basically  
redundant, so just press:  
<RETURN>  
SGLDRIVE will then request:  
Mount A:, Press <ESC>  
Change the diskette in the drive back to the  
enhanced CP/M master and press:  
SGLDRIVE will then allow COPY to proceed with  
reading the CP/M system off of the enhanced CP/M  
master diskette. When COPY changes to trying to  
write the enhanced CP/M to the higher capacity  
diskette, SGLDRIVE will request:  
Mount B:, Press <ESC>  
Insert the higher capacity diskette into the  
drive and press:  
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COPY will then continue by writing the enhanced  
CP/M to the higher capacity diskette.  
Once COPY is finished, it will inform you of  
that fact by saying:  
COPY Complete  
Do you wish to make another copy?  
Just like last time, simply type (no <RETURN> is  
necessary):  
N
Since drive A: was used as one of the drives  
during the copy, COPY will remind you to re-  
insert the CP/M master diskette back into drive  
A: by saying:  
Insert CP/M System disk into drive A:  
Hit RETURN  
Go ahead and remove the higher capacity disk-  
ette, then insert the enhanced CP/M master. Once  
its in the drive, press:  
<RETURN>  
Since the last diskette SGLDRIVE requested you  
place in the drive was the diskette for drive  
B:, it will request that you mount the drive A:  
diskette once CP/M goes to use it:  
Mount A:, Press <ESC>  
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The enhanced CP/M master is already in the drive  
in response to COPY’s request for it, SO just  
hit:  
<ESC>  
CP/M will finally respond with its “A>.  
At this point in the procedure you have created  
a diskette which will boot correctly (up to a  
point) on your higher capacity drive in a higher  
capacity way, but the CP/M system which is on  
the diskette for that drive still thinks that  
your drive is a Disk ][. This is because the  
system you copied (the one on the enhanced mas-  
ter diskette) was still treating drive A: as a  
Disk ][. To remedy this problem, get back into  
PROFILE by typing:  
PROFILE<RETURN>  
Again, the utility will “sign on” with:  
Apple ][ CP/M  
Drive Configuration Utility  
Copyright (c) (p) 1982 RANA Systems  
Version 1.1  
*
To change the setting for drive A: within that  
system sitting on your higher capacity diskette,  
type (without <RETURN>):  
B:=A:  
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What you’ve told PROFILE so far is that you are  
interested in updating the CP/M system in drive  
B: “B:=”) (with the help of SGLDRIVE), and the  
change you wish to make is to drive A: (“A:).  
However, you’ve yet to specify the change to be  
made. Remember that drive type number you used  
back in FORMAT and PROFILE? It’s time to type  
that again.  
Example:If your drive is an Elite Two (in which  
case phoney drive B: would be defined as an  
Elite Two right now), you would want to type:  
B:=A:2  
If your drive is an Elite One, type:  
B:=A:1  
and last, but certainly not least (by about  
500,000 bytes of storage), an Elite Three would  
be:  
B:=A:3  
Once you’ve entered the drive type number,  
press:  
<RETURN>  
and PROFILE will respond with (again):  
Insert a system disk in B:  
<RETURN> to continue/retry;  
<ESC> or <CTRL-C> to abort.  
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CP/M ENHANCEMENTS  
Given that you entered the command correctly (of  
course you did!), insert your higher capacity  
diskette in the drive and press:  
<RETURN>  
Since PROFILE will then make an attempt to read  
the information off of phoney drive B:, SGLDRIVE  
will come back with:  
Mount B:, Press <ESC>  
SGLDRIVE is just doing it’s job, even though the  
higher capacity diskette is already in the  
drive. Just hit:  
<ESC>  
and PROFILE will read the configuration informa-  
tion off of the higher capacity diskette and  
then mutter something like:  
Was A: Apple Disk-][, Slow seek.  
then PROFILE will change to referencing some  
drive A: information, so SGLDRIVE will request:  
Mount A:, Press <ESC>  
Once you’ve inserted the enhanced CP/M master,  
press:  
<ESC>  
Page 4-68  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
CP/M ENHANCEMENTS  
and PROFILE will continue with:  
Now A: RANA Elite One, Medium seek.  
Now A: RANA Elite Two, Fast seek.  
Now A: RANA Elite Three, Fast seek.  
or:  
or:  
and always:  
Ready to update B:.  
<RETURN> to continue/retry;  
<ESC> or <CTRL—C> to abort.  
The “Now” message you get will match the drive  
type you specified. To update the CP/M system  
on your higher capacity diskette, insert the  
higher capacity diskette and type:  
<RETURN>  
PROFiLE will then attempt to write the new con-  
figuration to the higher capacity diskette,  
which SGLDRIVE does not know you’ve put in the  
diskette, so you’ll get:  
Mount A:, Press <ESC>  
Page 4-69  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
CP/M ENHANCEMENTS  
Since the diskette is already inserted, press:  
<ESC>  
and PROFILE will continue by writing out the new  
configuration.  
When its finished, it will return to the aster-  
isk (“*”) prompt.  
To get out of PROFILE, insert the enhanced CP/M  
master into the drive and type:  
<CTRL—C>  
SGLDRIVE will catch the change in drives and do  
its little:  
Mount A:, Press <ESC>  
The enhanced CP/M master is already inserted, so  
just type:  
<ESC>  
CP/M will then respond with its “MA>” prompt. To  
complete your higher capacity system diskette,  
you’ll need to copy the CP/M distribution files  
(from Microsoft and Rana) onto the higher capa-  
city diskette from the enhanced CP/M master. You  
should read ahead at this point (if you’re not  
already doing so) up to the point where PIP  
finishes what it is about to do. This next step  
is a little involved (but not complicated), so  
you’ll want to know what’s coming up.  
Page 4—70  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
CP/M ENHANCEMENTS  
Once you’re done reading, type:  
PIP B:=A: *.*[V]<RETURN>  
This command first tells PIP to copy all files  
on drive A: (“A:*.*”) to drive B: (“B:=”) and  
verify that they made it correctly (“[V]”).  
Since PIP will be doing a whole bunch of files,  
it will display the name of each file as it is  
copied. PIP must be used to copy each file one  
at a time since the two diskettes are of a  
different type and the files must be written to  
the diskette according to the diskette’s type.  
COPY will not rearrange files into different  
arrangements according to the diskette’s type.  
PIP will require alot of diskette changes, which  
SGLDRIVE will catch and request:  
Mount A:, Press <ESC>  
or:  
Mount B:, Press <ESC>  
Whenever SGLDRIVE requests diskette A:, insert  
the enhanced CP/M master. When diskette B: is  
requested, insert the higher capacity diskette.  
To be safe, you should place a write protect tab  
over the enhanced CP/M master’s write protect  
notch so that that diskette cannot be written  
upon. This will insure that the diskette will  
not be "destroyed” should you accidentally for-  
get to exchange the diskettes.  
Page 4—71  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
CP/M ENHANCEMENTS  
Amidst all of these very abundant “mount” re-  
quests from SGLDRIVE, PiP will report the name  
of each file as it begins copying the file.  
There are alot of files on the CP/M distribution  
diskette (and thus on the enhanced CP/M master),  
so there will be alot of diskette changes; but  
without SGLDRIVE, this little single drive file—  
by—file copy would be impossible. And, without  
this copy, creating a higher capacity system  
master would be impossible. Don’t fear though!  
Once this higher capacity system master is  
created, COPY can be used to duplicate it alot  
faster, and with alot fewer diskette changes.  
When PIP is finished, it will return to the CP/M  
“A>” prompt.  
Now you can turn your Apple off, and reboot the  
system (just like you did at the beginning of  
this whole process) using the higher capacity  
diskette.  
All the hard work is over. It’s time to enjoy!!  
If you want to see the difference between a Disk  
][’s capacity and your new Elite drive ‘s capa-  
city (if you’re an Elite Two or Three user, this  
will make your day), look up the:  
STAT DSK:<RETURN>  
command in your Microsoft CP/M manuals.  
Page 4-72  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
CP/M ENHANCEMENTS  
For a Disk It drive, STAT will respond with the  
following:  
A: Drive Characteristics  
1024: 128 Byte Record Capacity  
128: Kilobyte Drive Capacity  
48: 32 Byte Directory Entries  
48: Checked Directory Entries  
128: Records/ Extent  
8: Records/ Block  
32: Sectors/ Track  
3: Reserved Tracks  
The drive capacity in records and kilobytes is  
what will primarily interest you. Also, a quick  
explanation: the 32 sectors/track is correct.  
When Apple talks about 16 sectors/track, they  
are refering to a “sector which contains 256  
bytes. When CP/M refers to a sector, it is  
refering to a "sector" of .128 bytes. Microsoft  
(and thus Rana) handles this small difference in  
interpretation of a sector” by packing two CP/M  
sectors into every Apple sector (2 times 128  
equals 256). Therefore Microsoft gets twice as  
many (smaller) CP/M sectors on every track (32)  
as Apple does (16). The actual way sectors” are  
read and written from/to a diskette is iden-  
tical between Microsoft CP/M, Apple DOS 3.3, and  
Apple Pascal 1.1. This means that all three  
systems can read and write the remaining two  
systems’ diskettes, but they generally do not  
understand the information which the other two  
systems’ place within the “sectors”.  
Page 4-73  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
CP/M ENHANCEMENTS  
Re me mbe r , whe n i t c ome s t o t he ne w Ra na ve r s i on  
of t he FORMAT a nd COPY ut i l i t i e s , t he i ns t r uc -  
t i ons i n t hi s ma nua l a r e i nt e nde d t o r e pl a c e  
t hos e i ns t r uc t i ons gi ve n i n t he ve r y i nf or ma t i ve  
Mi c r os of t CP/ M ma nua l s .  
Page 4-74  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
SECTION 5  
5. SECTION 5  
This section has been intentionally omitted.  
Page 5—1  
 
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
SECTION 5  
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Page 5—2  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
6. SPECIFICATIONS  
6.1. Introduction  
SPECIFICATIONS  
This section of the manual provides specifica-  
tions for the entire Elite Series of products.  
Most off the information is of a highly technical  
nature, so it may or may not he of interest to  
you.  
At this stage, the general user should know that  
familiarity with the technical information to  
follow is not required to obtain the best per-  
formance from any Elite Series product.  
Page 6-1  
 
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
SPECIFICATIONS  
Capacity  
163K Bytes  
Track to Track Access Tune 15ms  
Maximum Access Time  
Average Access Time  
Number of Heads  
450ms  
150ms  
1
Number of Cylinders  
Number of Tracks  
40  
40  
Number of Sectors/Track  
Track Density  
Rotational Speed  
Recording Frequency  
Recording Density  
Inside Track Maximums  
16  
48 TPI  
295 RPM  
250 KHZ  
5536 FCI  
4429 BPI  
Weight  
5 lbs 4 oz  
Reliability  
MTBF  
M72TR  
9200 Hours  
.5 Hours  
Design Life  
Soft Error Rate  
Hard Error Rate  
Seek Error Rate  
Media  
Interface  
Average Latency  
Motor Start Time  
5
Years  
1 in lOe+09 Bits  
1 in lOe#12 Bits  
1 in lOe#06 Steps  
ANSI Std. 5.25" Disk  
Disk II Compatible  
lOOms  
O.5s  
Fig. 6-1: Elite One Characteristics  
Page 6-2  
 
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
SPECIFICATIONS  
Power Requirements  
+5 VDC Standby  
+5 VDC Active  
35mA  
50mA  
40mA  
300mA  
450mA  
+12 VDC Standby  
+12 VDC Active  
+12 VDC Surge  
Operating Temp.  
Non operating Temp.  
Operating Humidity  
Nonoperating Humidity  
Max Wet Bulb  
40F - 115F  
-40F - 160F  
20% - 80% (nancond.)  
5% - 95% (noncond.)  
85F  
Fig. 6-2: Elite One Characteristics (cont.)  
Specifications are approximations based on in-  
dustry standard testing. They are not based on an  
Elite One operating under the standard Apple  
II operating systems and hardware, and are also  
not best/worst case.  
Page 6—3  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
SPECIFICATIONS  
Capacity  
326K Bytes  
Track to Track Access Time 5ms  
Maximum Access Time  
Average Access Time  
Number of Heads  
Number of Cylinders  
Number of Tracks  
210ms  
84ms  
2
40  
80  
Number of Sectors/Track  
Track Density  
Rotational Speed  
Recording Frequency  
Recording Density  
Inside Track Maximums  
16  
48 TPI  
295 RPM  
250 KHZ  
5876 FCI  
4700 BPI  
5 lbs 4 oz  
Weight  
Reliability  
MTBF  
9200 Hours  
MTTR  
.5 Hours  
Design Life  
Soft Error Rate  
Hard Error Rate  
Seek Error Rate  
Media  
Interface  
Average Latency  
Motor Start Time  
5 Years  
1 in l0e+09 Bits  
1 in 10e+12 Bits  
1 in l0e+06 Steps  
ANSI Std. 5.25 Disk  
Disk II Compatible  
l00ms  
0.5s  
Fig. 6-3: Elite Two Characteristics  
Page 6-4  
 
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
SPECIFICATIONS  
Power Requirements  
+5 VDC Standby  
+5 VDC Active  
35mA  
50mA  
40mA  
300mA  
450mA  
+12 VDC Standby  
+12 VDC Active  
+12 VDC Surge  
Operating Temp.  
Nonoperating Temp.  
Operating Humidity  
Nonoperating Humidity  
Max Wet Bulb  
40F - 115F  
-40F - 160F  
2O% - 8O% (noncond.)  
5% - 95% (non cond.)  
85F  
Fig. 6-4: Elite Two Characteristics (cont.)  
Specifications are approximations based on in-  
dustry standard testing. They are not based on  
an Elite Two operating under the standard Apple  
II operating systems and hardware, and are also  
not best/worst case.  
Page 6-5  
 
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
SPECIFICATIONS  
Capacity  
652K Bytes  
Track to Track Access Time 5ms  
Maximum Access Time  
Average Access Time  
Number of Heads  
420ms  
l50ms  
2
Number of Cylinders  
Number of Tracks  
80  
160  
Number of Sectors/Track  
Track Density  
Rotational Speed  
Recording Frequency  
Recording Density  
Inside Track Maximums  
16  
96 TPI  
295 RPM  
250 KHZ  
5922 FCI  
4737 BPI  
5 lbs 4 oz  
Weight  
Reliability  
MTBF  
9200 Hours  
MTTR  
.5  
Hours  
Design Life  
Soft Error Rate  
Hard Error Rate  
Seek Error Rate  
Media  
Interface  
Average Latency  
Motor Start Time  
5 Years  
1 in 10e+09 Bits  
1 in 10e+12 Bits  
1 in lOe+06 Steps  
ANSI Std. 5.25” Disk  
Disk II Compatible  
lOOms  
0.5s  
Fig. 6-5: Elite Three Characteristics  
Page 6-6  
 
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
SPECIFICATIONS  
Power Requirements  
+5 VDC Standby  
35mA  
+5 VDC Active  
50mA  
+12 VDC Standby  
+12 VDC Active  
+12 VDC Surge  
40mA  
300mA  
450mA  
40F— 115F  
Operating Temp.  
Nonoperating Temp.  
Operating Humidity  
Nonoperating Humidity  
Max Wet Bulb  
-40F - 160F  
2O% - 8O% (noncond.)  
5%-95% (noncond.)  
85F  
Fig. 6-6: Elite Three Characteristics (cont.)  
Specifications are approximations based on in-  
dustry standard testing. They are not based on  
an Elite Three operating under the standard  
Apple II operating systems and hardware, and are  
also not best/worst case.  
Page 6-7  
 
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
SPECIFICATIONS  
Interfacing Capability  
PROM Sizes  
4 Drives  
6502 Boot Logic  
State Machine  
GCR Data Frequency  
Weight  
2K Bytes  
256/512 Bytes  
250 KHZ  
1 lb  
Reliability  
MTBF  
35,000 Hours  
MTTR  
.25  
Hours  
Design Life  
10 Years  
Interface  
System  
Apple II Bus  
Drives  
Disk II Compatible  
Power Req. (excluding drives)  
+5 VDC Standby  
+5 VDC Active  
Operating Temp.  
Non operating Temp.  
Operating Humidity  
Non operating Humidity  
Max Wet Bulb  
140mA  
340mA  
40F — 115F  
-40F - 160F  
20% - 80% (noncond.)  
5% — 95% (noncond.)  
85F  
Fig. 6-7: Elite Controller Characteristics  
Specifications are approximations based on in-  
dustry standard testing. They are not based on an  
Elite Controller operating under the standard  
Apple II operating systems and hardware, and are  
also not best/worst case.  
Page 6-8  
 
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
SPECIFICATIONS  
6.2. Mechanical Dimensions  
The following two figures give the physical  
dimensions of the Elite Series drives and the  
Elite Controller.  
Page 6-9  
 
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
SPECIFICATIONS  
Fig. 6-8: Physical Dimensions of Elite Drives  
Page 6—10  
 
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
SPECIFICATIONS  
Fig. 6-9: Elite Controller Physical Dimensions  
Page 6-11  
 
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
SPECIFICATIONS  
6.3 Controller to Drive Interface  
Pin Number Signal (originates)  
1
Ground  
2
+ Stepper Motor Phase A (ctlr)  
3
Ground  
4
+ Stepper Motor Phase B (ctlr)  
5
Ground  
6
+ Stepper Motor Phase C (ctlr)  
7
Ground  
8
+ Stepper Motor Phase D (ctlr)  
9
Not Connected  
10  
11  
12  
13  
14  
15  
16  
17  
18  
19  
20  
- Activate Writing (ctlr)  
+5v  
+5v  
+12V  
— Select Drive (ctlr)  
+12V  
+/— Read Data (drive)  
+12V  
+/— Write Date (ctlr)  
+12V  
+ Write Protect (drive)  
Fig. 6-10: Controller to Drive Interface Signals  
Page 6—12  
   
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
SPECIFICATIONS  
The Elite drives/controller interface can be  
divided into two categories:  
1.Signal.  
2. Power.  
The following sections provide the electrical  
definition for each line.  
Refer to the preceding figure for all interface  
connections. Timing diagrams for the signals  
are provided in the Elite Series Service Manual.  
6.4. Signal Interface  
The signal interface consists of two categories:  
1.Control.  
2. Data transfer.  
All lines in the signal interface are digital  
and originate in either the drive (to control-  
ler) or on the controller (to drive) via the  
interface cable.  
Page 6—13  
 
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
SPECIFICATIONS  
6.4.1. Control Signals  
AU control signals originate at the controller,  
and are of two types: those intended to be  
multiplexed in a multiple drive system, and one  
which will perform the multiplexing.  
Drive Select  
The input signal intended to do the multiplexing  
is the drive selection signal. Although stand-  
ard Apple II—type minifloppy drives are not  
daisy-chained on a cable like most other sys-  
tems, the majority off the input/output signals  
passing between the drives and the controller are  
wire -0Red together on the controller card inside  
the Apple making multiplexing of signals  
necessary.  
The drive select signal is the only signal which  
is not shared between all drives attached to the  
same controller card. The controller has a  
separate drive select line for each drive for  
which is it capable of controlling.  
The Drive Select line provides a means of se-  
lecting and deselecting the individual disk  
drives. When this signal is low, that portion of  
the disk drive electronics which are normally  
powered down (Elite drives) are activated. The  
spindle drive motor is turned on, the busy light  
is illuminated, and the drive is conditioned to  
respond to step or read/write commands.  
Page 6—14  
 
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
SPECIFICATIONS  
When this signal is high, the drive motor and  
the busy light are turned off, the input control  
and the output status lines are disabled, and  
unused sections of the drive’s electronics  
(Elite series) are powered down.  
There is an intentional delay incorporated on  
both the Elite and Disk II controller cards  
which keeps a drive selected for a little over  
one second after the software gives the command  
to deselect the drive. This allows the software  
to “reselect” the drive within that period with-  
out having to wait for the motor to return to  
operational speed.  
This delay must be taken into account when the  
software goes to select a drive on a different  
controller card so that only one drive is power-  
ed-up at any one time (an Apple II power supply  
consideration). (The same consideration is  
necessary when another device, such as Apple’s  
Silentype printer, which draws power from the  
Apple II power supply is to be selected.) No  
pause is required when selecting an alternate  
drive on the same controller since both the  
Elite and Disk II controllers will immediately  
deselect the previous drive when the new drive  
is selected.  
The select line must remain low throughout the  
execution of a step or read/write command. After  
the drive is selected, there must be a 500ms  
delay before a write operation is initiated.  
This 500ms delay allows the drive motor to come  
up to speed. This delay is handled by the Apple  
II operating systems.  
Page 6-15  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
SPECIFICATIONS  
Although a newly selected drive will not return  
valid data until the motor comes up to speed,  
the software need not incorporate any timing  
delays before attempting a read provided the  
motor-on time is taken into account in any retry  
logic. Since a 500ms motor-on time is a maximum,  
the system software can usually shorten the  
delay by sampling the drive’s returned data  
until valid data begins to appear.  
Stepper Motor Phase Selection  
In order to move the read/write head, each of  
the four phases of the stepper motor (A-D) must  
be turned on then off again in a certain se-  
quence. Each phase is activated/deactivated in  
direct response to the stepper motor p~ase con-  
trol interface signals being set logically  
high/low respectively. If the stepper motor  
phases are activated then deactivated in ascend-  
ing order (A, B, C, D, A, etc), the arm is moved  
inward. In descending order (A, D, C, B, A,  
etc), the arm is moved outward. The timing be-  
tween activation and deactivation of these sig-  
nals is critical.  
Activate Writing  
The active state of this signal, or logical low,  
enables the write data to be written on the  
diskette. The inactive state, or logical high,  
Page 6-16  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
SPECIFICATIONS  
completely disables the write logic and enables  
the read data logic and stepper logic.  
6.4.2. Data Signals  
Read Data  
This interface line returns to the controller  
card the magnetic polarity of the section of the  
diskette (side) which is currently passing under  
the (selected) read/write head. When a section  
of media with a particular magnetic polarity is  
passing under the (selected) read/write head,  
this interface line will be a logical low. When  
a section of the media with an opposite polarity  
is passing under the (selected) read/write head,  
this line will be a logical high. The control-  
ler cards are not as interested in the actual  
logical level of this line as they are in a  
change from one level to the other. Such a  
transition signifies that a “1” bit was recorded  
at that media location, lack of a transition  
indicates a “0” bit.  
Write Data  
This interface line directly controls the cur-  
rent flowing through the (selected) read/write  
head. A logical high level on this line will  
cause the (selected) read/write head to magnet—  
Page 6-17  
 
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
SPECIFICATIONS  
ize the disk (side) with a particular polarity.  
A logical low level will cause the (selected)  
read/write head to magnetize the disk (side)  
using the opposite polarity. This line is only  
enabled when the Activate Writing signal is  
enabled. Write Data is inactive during a read  
operation A Write Data clamp is provided with-  
in the drive logic to hold the Write Data line  
at a logical zero whenever Activate Writing is  
inactive.  
Write Protect  
This interface signal is provided by the drive  
to give the Apple an indication when the in-  
stalled diskette is write protected. The signal  
is a logical low level when it is protected.  
The drive will inhibit writing with a protected  
diskette installed in addition to notifying the  
controller card.  
Write protection can be in the form of either a  
diskette with a label covering the write protect  
notch (physical write protection), or the front  
panel write protect switch being set on the  
Elite Series drives (logical write protection).  
6.5. Power Interface  
Both the Elite Series and Disk II drives require  
only DC power for operation, which is drawn from  
the Apple II computer through the controller  
Page 6—18  
 
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
SPECIFICATIONS  
card. The two DC voltages, their specifica-  
tions and their interface pin designators are  
given in various tables earlier in this section.  
Page 6-19  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
SPECIFICATIONS  
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Page 6-20  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
THEORY OF OPERATION  
7. OPERATIONAL THEORY OF ELITE PRODUCTS  
7.1. Elite Drives  
7.1.1.General Operation  
The Elite Series drives consist of read/write,  
control, and drive motor electronics; drive  
mechanism; read/write head; and an advanced  
track positioning mechanism. These components  
perform the following functions:  
1. Interpret and generate control signals.  
2. Move the read/write head to the desired  
track.  
3. Read and write data.  
4. Control drive motor speed.  
5. Select between two heads (Elite Two and  
Three).  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
THEORY OF OPERATION  
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Page 7—2  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
THEORY OF OPERATION  
7.1.2.Read/Write/Control Logic  
The electronics are packaged on one PCB which  
contains:  
7.Read/write head positioning drivers.  
2.Write current drivers.  
3.Read amplifier and transition detectors.  
4.Write protect detectors and latches  
a. Diskette  
b. Panel switch  
5. Drive select circuits.  
6. Drive motor control circuits.  
7. Head selection detection and latch  
circuits (Elite Two and Three).  
7.1.3. Drive Mechanism  
The drive motor operates on 12VDC and rotates  
the spindle at 300 RPM through a belt—drive  
system. The motor speed is controlled by a  
feed—back from a tachometer inside the motor. A  
registration hub clamp that moves in conjunction  
with the door closure mechanism centers and  
clamps the diskette onto the spindle hub.  
Page 7-3  
   
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
THEORY OF OPERATION  
7.1.4. Head Positioning Mechanisms  
An electrical stepping motor and an advanced  
head positioning mechanism position the read/-  
write head. Clockwise and counter-clockwise  
rotations of the stepper motor are translated  
into linear head movement via one off two mecha-  
nisms discussed below. The Apple system software  
increments the stepper motor to the desired  
track by directly signalling the drive electron-  
ics which stepper motor phases to power on and  
off.  
The stepper motor stator coils are organized in  
four phases: A, B, C, and D. As each phase is  
activated in turn, the motor rotates to align  
with that coil, forcing the carriage to move one  
“halftrack” (full track for Elite Three) posi-  
tion. It the phases are activated in the order  
A, B, C, D, A ... the head will step in. The  
order D, C, B, A, D ... will cause the head to  
step out.  
Band Pulley Positioning  
In- the Elite Two, Three, and some Elite Ones,  
the stepper motor acts on a pulley to which is  
attached a flexible, ultra thin band. One half  
of this band has a slot through which the other  
half passes after looping around the pulley.  
The two band ends are secured to the main head  
carriage at the inner and outer edges. Slack-  
ness in the band or the motion of the mechanism  
Page 7—4  
 
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
THEORY OF OPERATION  
is highly unlikely as the system is pre—ten—  
sioned (reducing angular and linear inertia) to  
allow greatly improved track to track access  
times.  
Lead Screw Positioning  
In some Elite One designs, the stepper motor  
rotates a lead screw. The four—start lead screw  
is threaded through a type of "nut" which is  
part of the read/write head carriage assembly.  
As the stepper motor rotates, the linearly sta-  
tionary lead screw forces the “nut” to move,  
taking the read/write head carriage along with  
it.  
7.1.5. Read/Write Head  
The Elite Series read/write heads are single  
element, glass bonded ferrite/ceramic heads with  
tunnel erase elements to provide erased areas  
between data tracks. Thus, normal interchange  
tolerances between media and drives will not  
degrade the signal to noise ratio and insures  
diskette interchangeability.  
The read/write head is mounted on a carriage  
assembly which moves on rails and is positioned  
by one of the two mechanisms mentioned above.  
The diskette is held in a plane perpendicular to  
the read/write head by a platen located on the  
base casting.  
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This precision registration insures perfect  
compliance with the read/write head. The disk-  
ette is loaded against the head when the drive  
door is closed. The read/write head is in di-  
rect contact with the diskette, so the head  
surface has been designed to obtain maximum  
signal transfer to and from the magnetic surface  
of the diskette with minimum friction and wear.  
The Elite One contains a single head which is  
positioned below the diskette, facing upward,  
thus allowing it to read and write upon the  
lower surface (surface opposite the diskette’s  
label). A felt pressure pad is mounted on a  
precision tensioned swing arm located opposite  
the read/write head. This pad insures constant  
contact of the diskette against the head. The  
pad swings up and back when the door is opened  
to permit insertion/removal of the diskette.  
Although this pad is engineered for minimum  
diskette wear, the pad is not designed to ride  
on a diskette surface containing valid data.  
Therefore, diskettes containing valid data on  
both surfaces should not be used in single  
headed drives such as the Elite One or Disk II.  
The Elite Two and Elite Three drives contain two  
heads which are oriented essentially opposite  
each other on opposing sides of the diskette.  
The lower head (head zero) is oriented identical  
to the Elite One’s single head. The upper head  
(head one) is mounted on a precision tensioned  
swing arm, which is raised up and back when the  
drive’s door is opened; thus allowing the disk-  
ette to be inserted/removed.  
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7.2. Elite Controller  
7.2.1. Introduction  
The four disk drives allowed with each Elite  
Controller card are grouped into two pairs with  
drives 1 and 2 (Bank 0) selected when power is  
first applied.  
They may be addressed using the standard “Dl”  
and D2” used by most Apple software. With a  
special command to the controller to select Bank  
1, drives 3 and 4 will respond as if they were  
drives 1 and 2. An LED indicates when the  
second bank (drives 3 and 4) is selected.  
An EPROM, containing the Rana boot code, is  
located on the controller card. The Rana boot  
accommodates both the standard Apple 13 and 16  
sector formats. The controller card is also  
compatible with the special “copy protected” 16-  
sect or boot formats since, in a general sense,  
only the initial boot sector must be read by the  
boot PROM. Following this, the user software  
(or DOS) handles any special formats.  
The EPROM is switched into and out of the per-  
ipheral expansion space ($C800-CFFF) using the  
protocol recommended by Apple. An LED, located  
on the Controller Card, indicates when the Rana  
boot EPROM is switched into the expansion space.  
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7.2.2. Booting  
The Rana boot code automatically detects the  
format, whether 13 or 16 sector, and loads the  
initial boot sector (track 0, sector 0).  
On 13 sector booting, control is immediately  
transferred to the second stage boot code  
(loaded at $300—$3FF) via a jump to $301.  
On 16 sector booting, the boot sector is loaded  
at $800—$8FF. Following the load, byte $800 is  
checked to find which other sectors are to be  
loaded prior to transferring control to the  
second stage. Any additional sectors will be  
loaded in successive memory pages ($900, $AOO,  
etc).  
The standard DOS 3.3 second stage boot does not  
require any additional sectors to be loaded  
under the exclusive control of the boot PROM.  
Once all the required sectors have been loaded,  
the PROM transfers control to the second stage  
boot code via a jump to $801.  
Both the DOS 3.2.1 and DOS 3.3 second stage boot  
routines re-enter the boot PROM in order to use  
the sector reading code it contains.  
DOS 3.2.1 re-enters the PROM at $Cn5D using a  
6502 JSR which requires the PROM to perform an  
RTS when completed.  
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DOS 3.3 re-enters at $Cn5C using a 6502 JMP.  
When the PROM is finished, the second stage  
expects it to transfer control back, via a JMP,  
to $801.  
DOS 3.2.1 does not expect the boot PROM to try  
to decode the data read on the later calls (the  
boot sector is a special encoding scheme which  
differs from the rest of a 13 sector disk).  
However, DOS 3.3 does require the boot PROM to  
decode on these later sectors.  
NOTE: The Rana boot code adheres to all the  
above standard Apple DOS booting protocols, and  
to several extensions to this protocol in order  
to support existing software packages.  
7.2.3.Hardware  
The Elite Controller Card has full data buffer-  
ing, using a bi-directional bus driver, which  
pro vides more drive than other controllers yet  
requires very little drive from the bus. Exten-  
sive power switching reduces the power consump-  
tion of the data buffer and other circuits.  
7.2.4.EPROM Logic  
The EPROM is split into two sections ($000—$6FF  
and $ 700-$7FF). Both sections are mapped into  
$C800-$CFFF; however only the $000-$6FF section,  
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THEORY OF OPERATION  
which maps into $C800-$CEFF, is intended to be  
used at this location. The second section is  
mapped into the slot-dependent location in the  
Apple memory as illustrated in the table below.  
Slot Memory Address for EPROM ($700-$ 7FF)  
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
(not allowed)  
$C100—$C1FF  
$C200—$C2FF  
$C300—$C3FF  
$C400—$C4FF  
$C500—$C5FF  
$C600—$C6FF  
$C700—$C7FF  
Fig. 7-2: Slot Dependent PROM Address Ranges  
This slot dependent portion of the EPROM is  
always there. The mapped-in section, at $C800—  
$CFFF, is only there after an access to the slot  
dependent area. However, before accessing the  
expansion area a command must be given to turn  
off all the other ROMS that might be on the bus  
(an access at $CFFF) which also turns off the  
Rana EPROM. When the expansion RCA area is map-  
ped Out from within the slot dependent ROM code,  
the following instruction fetch made by the 6502  
will cause the Elite Controller’s RON to be  
mapped back in. This allows the slot dependent  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
THEORY OF OPERATION  
code to map out all other controllers’ ROMs  
without affecting itself.  
This mapping of the 2K peripheral RCA space  
($C800-$CFFF) is a convention maintained by  
nearly all of the hardware and software develop-  
ers.  
The partitioning of the EPROM is performed by  
u16 (7418257) and selection of the expansion  
portion is done by U7 (74L574) and U16  
(74LS257). Decoding of the off instruction is  
performed by U15 (74LS30). A synchronous ap-  
proach was taken to selection design because of  
noise spikes on many of the bus interface lines.  
7.2.5.State Machine  
This consists of a program counter latch, a  
control latch, and a condition matrix contained  
in a 256/512 byte PROM. The present program  
counter address (which is completely independent  
from the 6502 central processor ‘s program count-  
er) and the condition lines are the inputs to  
the condition matrix PROM.  
Separate state diagrams exist for every kind of  
activity allowed by the controller. These  
states are selected by two of the condition  
lines.  
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7.2.6. Addressable Latch  
The addressable latch is used to store the oper—  
ating mode of the controller including the se-  
lected disk drive, the phase of the stepper  
motor, the motor enable state, and the function  
currently being performed.  
7.2.7.Alternate Pair Select Logic  
Selection of the second pair of disk drives is  
accomplished by detecting a write to the periph-  
eral expansion area which normally contains ROM.  
The controller will only recognize the write if  
its own EPROM is mapped in. This is to avoid  
recognition of the pair select command for a  
second controller card installed in the same  
computer.  
The select information is contained in address  
line 0, thus (if this controller’s EPROM is  
switched into $C800—$CFFF) a write to $C800 will  
select Bank 0 (drives 1 and 2). A write to  
$C801 will select Bank 1 (drives 3 and 4) a  
condition which will be indicated by an LED.  
7.2.8.Data Buffer/Internal Data Bus  
The data buffer U13 (8304) is powered-on when-  
ever a data transfer to or from the controller  
card occurs. The internal data bus connects the  
data buffer with the EPROM and the serial to  
parallel converter U12 (74LS323). The outputs  
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THEORY OF OPERATION  
of the EPROM and the serial to parallel convert-  
er are controlled to insure that no contention  
ever occurs on the bus.  
7.2.9. Controller Command Structure  
The Elite Controller Card responds to three  
types of commands. The first type is the device  
command, characterized by bringing the DEV line  
low as shown in the following table. (See the  
Apple II Reference Manual for an explanation of  
the DEV line.)  
Slot  
Memory Address for DEV  
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
(not allowed)  
$C090—$C09F  
$C0A0-$C0AF  
$C0B0-$C0BF  
$C0C0-$C0CF  
$C0L0-$C0DF  
$C0E0-$C0EF  
$C0F0-$C0FF  
Fig. 7-3: DEV Line Address Ranges  
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Each block of sixteen addresses permits eight  
commands (on and off for each). These are:  
Command  
OFF  
ON  
Stepper Phase A  
$C0n0 $C0n1  
$C0n2 $C0n3  
$C0n4 $C0n5  
$C0n6 $C0n7  
$C0n8 $C0n9  
$C0nA $C0nB  
B
C
D
Drive Motor Enable  
Drive 1/2 Selec±  
Function Select Bit 0 $C0nC $C0nD  
Function Select Bit 1 $C0nE $C0nF  
where n is a number from $9 to $F (slot +8) as  
determined by the slot location of the card:  
Slot Value of “n” in Command  
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
(not allowed)  
9
A
B
C
D
E
F
Fig. 7-4: Controller Command Addresses  
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Function hits 0 and 1 determine the mode off the  
controller:  
Controller Mode  
Bit 1 Bit 0  
Read From Disk  
Sense Write Protect  
Write To Disk  
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
Load Data Byte (Write)  
Fig. 7-5: Controller Functions  
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THEORY OF OPERATION  
The second type of command is the bank select  
command, characterized by a write by the Apple  
CPU to the address space occupied by the con-  
troller ‘S EPROM. The bank select commands are  
only enabled when the controller’s EPROM is  
switched into the peripheral expansion space.  
An LED indicates when drives 3 and 4 (Bank 1)  
are selected.  
Address to Write  
Drives Selected (data ignored)  
1 and 2  
3 and 4  
$C800  
$C801  
(Writes to other addresses between $C800 and  
$CFF7 are also possible but may not be supported  
in later card revisions).  
Fig. 7-6: Controller Bank Select Addresses  
The third type of command is the EPROM switches.  
These control whether the EPROM is enabled for  
the $C800-CFFF peripheral expansion space. An  
LED indicates when the EPROM is switched on.  
EPROM Switch  
Address to Access  
Turn on at $C800-CFFF  
Turn off EPROM  
$Cn00-cnFF (n = slot #)  
$CFF8-CFFF  
Fig. 7-7: Controller EPROM Map-In/out Addresses  
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THEORY OF OPERATION  
7.2.10.  
Power-On Reset  
Unlike early Apple II computers, a power-on  
reset circuit has been included to insure the  
controller assumes the correct quiescent mode  
when power is first applied. This is implement-  
ed with a timer circuit that pulls the reset  
line down in a “wire—or” fashion. After approxi—  
mately 0.2 seconds, the reset line is released.  
This circuit does not interfere with the normal  
operation of the reset line.  
7.2.11.Power Supply Decoupiing  
All power supplies to the controller are bypass-  
ed to ground on board, whether or not they are  
used. This technique provides the best grounding  
scheme for Apple II equipment and also reduces  
noise on other bus lines.  
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7.2.12. Direct Use of Disk Drives  
It is often necessary to access the drives di-  
rectly from assembly language, without the use  
of DOS. This is done using a section of 16  
addresses that are latched toggles, interfacing  
directly to the hardware. There are eight two  
byte toggles that essentially represent pulling  
a TTL line high or low. Applications which  
could use direct access range from a user writ-  
ten operating system to DOS—independent utility  
programs. Tbe device address assignments are  
illustrated in the figure below.  
The addresses are slot-dependent and the offsets  
are computed by multiplying the slot number by  
16. This works well in hexadecimal where $n0  
(with n as the slot number) can be added to the  
base address. To engage drive i in slot #6, add  
$60 to $C08A (device address assignment for  
engaging drive 1) for a result of $COBA. How-  
ever, for code that is not slot dependent use  
$CO8A,x (where the x register contains the value  
$n0).  
In general, the addresses in the figure below  
need only be accessed with any valid 6502 com-  
mand. When reading and writing bytes, ensure the  
data is in the appropriate register. All the  
following engage Drive 1 (assume slot #6).  
LDA $COEA  
BIT $CO8A,x (where X-reg contains $60)  
CMP $C08A,X (where X-reg contains $60)  
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THEORY OF OPERATION  
ADDRESS LABEL  
DESCRIPTION  
$C0B0  
$C081  
$C082  
$C083  
$C084  
$C084  
$C085  
$C086  
$C086  
$C087  
$C088  
$C089  
$C08A  
$C08B  
$C08C  
$C08D  
$C08C  
$C08D  
PHSOOF  
PHSOON  
PBSlOF  
PHS1ON  
PHS2OF  
PHS2ON  
PHS3OF  
PHS3ON  
PHS4OF  
PHS4ON  
MTROFF  
MTRON  
DRVOEN  
DRV1EN  
Q6L  
Stepper Phase 0 Off  
Stepper Phase 0 On  
Stepper Phase 1 Off  
Stepper Phase 1 On  
Stepper Phase 2 Off  
Stepper Phase 2 On  
Stepper Phase 3 Off  
Stepper Phase 3 On  
Stepper Phase 4 Off  
Stepper Phase 4 On  
Turn Motor Off  
Turn Motor On  
Engage Drive 1  
Engage Drive 2  
Strobe Latch for I/O  
Load Data Latch  
Q6H  
Q7L  
Q7R  
Prepare Latch/Input  
Prepare Latch/Output  
Q7L after Q6L = Read  
Q7L after Q6H = Sense Write Protect  
Q7N after QEL = Write  
Q7H after Q6M = Load Write Latch  
Page 7-19  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
THEORY OF OPERATION  
The following are typical examples of the use of  
device address assignments (slot #6 is assumed  
and the X-reg contains $60).  
Stepper Phase Off/On  
Each of the four phases (0-3) must be turned on  
and off again. In ascending order, the arm is  
moved inward, in descending order the ann is  
moved outward. The timing between accesses to  
these locations is critical and the SEEK command  
in RWTS should be used to move the arm.  
The following example assumes the drive is al-  
ready selected, motor on, not in write mode, and  
has two stepper motor phases per track (standard  
for the Elite One, Elite Two, and Disk II), and  
it will move the head from the source track  
SRCTRK to destination track DSTTRK. The seek  
speed is controlled by the routine DELAY which  
should loop for approximately 15 milliseconds  
(for the purposes of the example) prior to re-  
turning.  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
THEORY OF OPERATION  
LDA  
ASL  
STA  
LDA  
ASL  
#DSTTRK  
A
TEMP1  
#SRCTRK  
A
LOOP:  
CMP  
BEQ  
BCS  
ADC  
BCC  
TEMP 1  
DONE  
MOVOUT  
#1  
MOVE  
MOVOUT:  
MOVE:  
SBC  
#1  
PHA  
AND  
ASL  
STA  
TXA  
ORA  
TAY  
LDA  
JSR  
PLA  
TAY  
LDA  
JSR  
PLA  
JMP  
#$03  
TEMP2  
TEMP2  
$C080,Y  
DELAY  
$C080,Y  
DELAY  
LOOP  
DONE:  
<SEEK FINISHED>  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
THEORY OF OPERATION  
Motor Off/On  
LDA $C088,X Turn Motor Off  
LDA $C089,X Turn Motor On  
NOTE: A delay should be provided to allow the  
motor to come up to speed. DOS will keep this  
delay to a minimum by watching the read latch  
until data starts to change. Motor—on timing  
characteristics for the Elite Series drives can  
be found elsewhere in this manual.  
Engage Drive within Bank  
LDA $C08A,X Engage Drive 1:  
LDA $C08B,X Engage Drive 2:  
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THEORY OF OPERATION  
Select Bank  
TXA  
LSR  
Build $Cn00 address  
to access controller  
LSR  
slot dependent PROM.  
LSR  
ORA #$CO  
STA ZPAGE+ 1  
LDY #$OO  
STY ZPAGE  
LDA $CFFF  
Map out other boards  
LDA (ZPAGE),Y Map in Elite Controller  
LDY #BANK  
STA $C800,Y  
LDA $CFFF  
Select Bank 0/1  
Map out Elite Controller  
Read a Byte  
READ LDA $CO8C,X  
BPL READ  
NOTE: $CO8E,X must already have been accessed to  
assure Read mode. The loop is necessary to as—  
sure that the accumulator will contain valid  
data. If the data latch does not yet contain  
valid data, the high bit will be zero.  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
THEORY OF OPERATION  
Sense Write Protect  
LDA $C08D,X  
LDA $C08E,X  
Sense write protect  
BMI ERROR PROTECTED High bit set, protected.  
Write Load/Write a Byte  
LDA DATA  
STA $C08D,X Write Load  
ORA $C08C,X Write byte  
NOTE: $C08F,X must already have been accessed to  
insure Write mode and a 100 microsecond delay  
should be invoked before writing.  
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THEORY OF OPERATION  
Because of hardware constraints, data bytes must  
be written in 32 processor (6502) cycle loops.  
The following example illustrates an immediate  
load of the accumulator followed by a write.  
Because timing is critical, different routines  
may be necessary depending upon how the data is  
to be accessed and code cannot cross memory page  
boundaries without an adjustment. See the fol-  
lowing sample write program.  
LDA #$D5  
JSR WRITE9 (6)  
LDA #$AA (3)  
JSR WRITE9 (6)  
(3 cycles)  
WRITE9 CLC  
WRITE7 PHA  
PLA  
(2)  
(3)  
(4)  
WRITE  
STA $C08D,X (5)  
ORA $C08C,X (4)  
RTS  
(6)  
NOTE: Software that uses only the commands of  
the Apple controller will work with the Elite  
Controller Card.  
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MAINTENANCE  
8. USER LEVEL MAINTENANCE  
The Elite Controller card has no moving or elec-  
trically adjustable parts, so there is no regu-  
lar maintenance required. On the other hand, the  
Elite Series drives, like other disk drives, are  
very mechanical products and should have an  
annual “check-up”. Since read/write head align-  
ment and other very precision settings can  
drift” over an extended period of time (varying  
with usage), data reliability can also "drift”  
unless the adjustments are checked.  
In addition to mechanical adjustment drifts, the  
read/write head can become dirty from a year‘s  
worth of diskettes gliding past its surface.  
The common user remedy for this dirt build-up is  
to use one of the many head cleaning diskettes  
available on the market today. However, these  
diskettes can be very abrasive to the delicate  
read/write head(s).  
The safest and most ideal approach to cleaning  
any drive’s read/write head falls beyond the  
scope of what Rana Systems supports at the user  
level. However, Rana Systems has found the  
Perfect Data Systems Series 2024 5—1/4” head  
cleaning diskette/kit (part number 101912-21) to  
be of satisfactory quality for use on the Elite  
One disk drives. If you find it absolutely  
necessary to clean the read/write head of an  
Elite One by yourself, this particular diskette  
is the only one which should be used.  
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As of yet, no cleaning diskette can be  
authorized for use on the Elite Two and Three  
drives. This is due to the difference in the  
structural design of the second read/write head  
on these drives from the structure of the  
primary head shared among all the Elite drives.  
If you decide to make use of the Perfect Data  
Systems diskette on an Elite One (or Disk II),  
make absolutely sure that the second (upper)  
surface of the cleaning diskette is covered. The  
Elite One (and Disk ii) have felt pads which are  
designed to glide on the upper surface of single  
sided diskettes, and these pads will very  
quickly wear away if “scrubbed" by a cleaning  
diskette. Also, make absolutely sure that none  
of the supplied cleaning solution is on the  
covering for the upper diskette surface (Elite  
One and Disk II). Should the covering become  
damp you will end up contaminating the felt pad  
in the drive.  
Regardless of what cleaning diskette is used,  
there is absolutely no reason for any disk drive  
‘s read/write head to require cleaning more  
often than once a year (regardless of what your  
head cleaning diskette instructions say). One of  
the worst things you can possibly do to your  
drive (apart from drop kicking it) is to over  
clean the read/write heads. The abrasive nature  
of the head cleaning diskettes place excessive  
wear on the head surface.  
Head cleaning on the Elite Two and Three drives,  
and any other form of maintenance on any Elite  
drive should be left to your dealer provided the  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
MAINTENANCE  
dealer is authorized as a Rana service center.  
It’ your dealer is not an authorized Rana  
service center, then give Rana a call directly  
for information on the regional service depot  
nearest you. Correct maintenance insures greater  
data reliability and a longer drive life span.  
8.1. Handling  
The Elite Series drives, unlike the Apple  
computer, are mechanical devices with motors and  
moving parts. They are perhaps even more  
delicate than the computer and must be treated  
gently.  
Avoid rough handling such as dropping the drives  
or letting things drop onto them.  
Disk drives in general should not be positioned  
beside or on a television set, since some  
television sets emit strong magnetic fields  
which can damage the magnetic properties of disk  
drives. A general rule is to position a disk  
drive at least two feet away from any television  
set.  
8.2. Diskette Care and Handling  
To get the best performance from your diskettes  
and to protect the information you need, the  
following rules are suggested by the diskette  
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MAINTENANCE  
manufacturers:  
1. Whenever handling diskettes do not touch the  
recording surface. Touch them only on the plas-  
tic jacket.  
2. After you have finished using a diskette do  
replace it in its protective envelope immediate-  
ly. If you leave a diskette exposed; dust, de-  
bris, cigarette smoke and other atmospheric  
pollutants can Quickly cause damage to the  
recorded data.  
3. When writing an ID label for the diskette do  
not use a hard pen, such as a ball point. Use a  
soft felt tip if the label is already the  
cover. If you are replacing an ID label, write  
it out first, then attach it to the diskette  
jacket. Heavy pressure can mark the surface of a  
diskette causing malfunction.  
4. Diskettes work best at temperatures between  
50 and 120 degrees fahrenheit. Outside these  
limits, their performance may well deteriorate.  
Avoid extremes of temperature.  
5. Avoid all magnets and magnetic fields (like  
a television set). Always be aware of where you  
are storing your diskettes, and what equipment  
is immediately adjacent to their storage area.  
6. Do not fold or bend diskettes. Handle them  
carefully so they will always keep their shape  
and make firm contact with the read/write head.  
7. Do not use erasers on the ID label. Debris  
Page 8-4  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
MAINTENANCE  
can easily attach itself to the diskette surface  
causing loss of data.  
8. Always load the diskette gently into the disk  
drive so it doesn’t bend or center improperly.  
That causes the diskette to rotate eliptically,  
missing data.  
9. Always place the XD label in the rear right  
or left corner of the jacket. It will act as a  
guide to handling and inserting the diskette  
into the drive.  
10. Do not expose disks to strong sunlight.  
Diskettes are essentially plastic and can easily  
warp in extreme temperatures.  
Many users are concerned about whether or not  
their diskettes should have reinforced centers  
(strengthening rings around the inner diskette  
hole). This reinforcement ring has no effect at  
all on the disk drive’s performance itself. The  
primary effect of reinforcement rings is to  
extend the life time of a diskette.  
The edges of the center hole on a diskette can  
become worn with excessive inserting and removal  
of the diskette. The reinforcement ring comes  
close to completely eliminating this wear and  
thus extends the life of the diskette. The  
choice of whether or not to buy diskettes with  
these reinforcement rings is completely up to  
you as a user. Your decision should be based on  
how often you change diskettes in your drives,  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
MAINTENANCE  
and how much protection you wish to give to the  
data on your diskettes.  
8.3. Back—up Diskettes  
If you are ever in the position where you have  
information you cannot afford to lose, make a  
back-up copy (or even two copies) of the disk-  
ette and store the copies in a safe place, using  
the write protect feature described below.  
8.4. Write Protect  
All standard end-user blank 5—1/4” diskettes  
incorporate a write protect feature so your  
system cannot accidentally write over or destroy  
valuable information contained on your diskette  
when the write protect feature is activated.  
A write protect notch is located on the diskette  
jacket. When the notch is open, writing to the  
diskette is allowed.  
To use the write protect feature, simply cover  
the notch with an adhesive tab. To write on the  
diskette, uncover the notch. See the figure  
below.  
Note: The write protect feature of the diskette  
overrides the write protect panel switch feature  
of the Elite Series drives. If either the  
diskette itself is write protected or the drive  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
MAINTENANCE  
is set for write protect, the diskette will be  
protected.  
A write protected diskette will always be  
treated as write protected. A write enabled  
diskette can be write protected without removing  
it from an Elite Series drive by pressing the  
special PROTECT switch on the front panel of the  
drive.  
Note: if you are familiar with using eight-inch  
diskettes and five-inch diskettes are new to  
you, then the five—inch approach to covering and  
uncovering the write protect notch will seem a  
little backwards. However, these instructions  
are correct. Five—inch drives (in general)  
detect write protection exactly opposite to the  
way in which eight—inch drives detect write  
protection.  
Page 8-7  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
MAINTENANCE  
WRITE  
WRITE  
PROTECT  
TAB  
PROTECT  
NOTCH  
UNPROTECTED  
WRITE PROTECTED  
Fig. 8-1: Write Protecting Diskettes  
Page 8—8  
 
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ENHANCED DOS UTIL.  
9. ENHANCED DOS UTILITIES  
This section deals with the use of each of the  
enhanced DOS 3.3 utilities individually, in  
order to provide you with the information you  
need to use the utilities for more than just  
enhancing your DOS. If you do not use DOS, then  
this section will prove to be of little interest  
to you.  
The Rana Systems enhancements to Apple’s DOS 3.3  
consist of five system utilities: FORMAT, CLONE,  
PROFILE, ENHANCE, and FID ENHANCE. The first is  
a more versatile replacement for the DOS “INIT”  
command, which was removed in the enhanced DOS.  
The second is a more versatile replacement for  
the DOS COPY and COPYA utilities supplied on  
original DOS distribution diskettes from Apple.  
FORMAT is used for initializing new diskettes  
for use under DOS. It can also be used to  
reinitialize old diskettes (completely erasing  
any old data on the diskette). The enhanced  
version of FORMAT supplies you with the  
capability of formatting diskettes ranging from  
143K Disk II diskettes all the way up to a full  
652K Elite Three diskette.  
CLONE is used to make exact one—for—one copies  
of a diskette Onto another diskette. CLONE reads  
every sector on the original (source) diskette,  
sector—by—sector, and then writes the informa-  
tion, sector—by-sector, onto the duplicate  
(destination) diskette. The enhanced CLONE pro-  
vides the capability of duplicating all the  
various different size diskettes used on the  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
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various Elite drives and the Disk II drive. In  
addition to full diskette copies, CLONE will  
copy just the (enhanced) DOS system from one  
diskette to another so that old diskettes can be  
updated; and new bootable Elite capacity disk-  
ettes can he created.  
PROFILE gives you the flexibility to redefine  
the arrangement of the drives on your system to  
suit your needs. Since the enhanced DOS needs  
to know what type of drive you have where,  
PROFILE is used to tell DOS of any rearranging  
you wish to do.  
Both ENHANCE and FID ENHANCE are one-time-only  
type of utilities. They contains all the var-  
ious modifications that need to be made to Ap-  
ple’s standard Apple II DOS 3.3 and associated  
FID utility in order for the system and utility  
to use the extra features of the Elite Series  
products.  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
ENHANCED DOS UTIL.  
9. 1. FORMAT Utility  
The enhanced FORMAT utility is designed to re-  
place the INIT command which is part of the  
original DOS. The new utility is capable of  
formatting a diskette just like INIT did, but  
the new one can also format the higher capacity  
diskettes used by the Elite Series drives.  
To get into the FORMAT utility, boot up your  
enhanced DOS diskette containing FORMAT and  
type:  
BRUN FORMAT<RETURN>  
This will work under both Integer BASIC and  
Applesoft BASIC.  
Once DOS has loaded FORMAT, the utility will  
sign on with:  
FORMAT  
RANA SYSTEMS’ 16-SECTOR DOS 3.3  
5-INCH DISKETTE INITIALIZING UTILITY.  
COPYRIGHT (C) (P) 1982 RANA SYSTEMS  
FORMATTER VERSION 2.1  
INSERT AN ENHANCED DOS 3.3 SYSTEM  
MASTER DISKETTE INTO SLOT #<s>, DRIVE #<d>.  
PRESS <RETURN> WHEN READY TO READ DOS  
IMAGE INTO MEMORY. PRESS <ESC> TO  
TERMINATE THIS UTILITY.  
The <s> and <d> part of the above message will  
be the slot and drive number from which you ran  
FORMAT.  
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FORMAT assume that it was run from an enhanced  
DOS master diskette, and therefore assumes it  
can read a copy of the operating system off the  
same diskette. If FORMAT was not run from an  
enhanced system master, you will need to insert  
a system master into the indicated drive before  
pressing <RETURN>.  
FORMAT must read a copy of the DOS system into  
memory at this point so that it can place it  
Onto any diskettes you will be formatting; just  
like the INIT command used to do.  
You have the option of pressing <ESC> in  
response to this prompt, which will cause FORMAT  
to terminate. Of course, this would only make  
sense if you didn’t really want to run FORMAT in  
the first place.  
After you have pressed <RETURN>, and FORMAT has  
read into memory a copy of the DOS, FORMAT will  
ask:  
SLOT NUMBER (1—7)? <s>  
FORMAT is asking for the slot number of the  
drive which you wish to use for formatting. The  
<s> will be the same slot from which you ran  
FORMAT. If <s> is correct, just hit <RETURN>;  
otherwise press the slot number which you desire  
without pressing <RETURN> following it.  
FORMAT provides you with several ways in which  
to correct typing errors or incorrect answers.  
If you need to “back up” to a previous question  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
ENHANCED DOS UTIL.  
which you either answered wrong or for which you  
have changed your mind, simply press <ESC> for  
each question you need to “back up” past. You  
don‘t need to type <ESC> once you reach the  
input you wish to change, simply type the new  
response.  
Most of FORMAT’s questions have single key  
responses, and once you answer the question  
FORMAT moves on to the next question without  
your having to press <RETURN>. However, some of  
FORMAT ‘s questions require more than just a  
single character response. In such a case the  
return key must always be pressed after your  
answer to let FORMAT know you have finished  
typing.  
On the multi-character response, if you type  
<ESC> anytime during your response FORMAT will  
“back up” to the previous question. If you type  
<CTRL-X>, FORMAT will erase anything you’ve  
typed in response to that particular question  
and redisplay the default answer. You can then  
just hit <RETURN> to enter the default answer,  
or type a new answer. The backspace key (left  
pointer arrow key) can also be used to back up  
letter by letter to correct typing errors.  
After you’ve entered the slot number, FORMAT  
will ask:  
DRIVE NUMBER (1-4)? <d>  
This time FORMAT is asking for the number of the  
drive which you wish to use for formatting. The  
<d> will not be the same as the drive from which  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
ENHANCED DOS UTIL.  
you ran FORMAT. Instead it will be the “others  
drive depending upon the drive from which FORMAT  
was ran.  
For instance, if FORMAT was run from drive 1,  
<d> would be 2. If FORMAT was run from drive 2,  
<d> would be 1. If FORMAT was run from drive 3  
(Elite Controller), <d> would be 4. And last  
but not least, if FORMAT was run from drive 4,  
<d> would be 3.  
The reason which FORMAT shuffles the drive num-  
ber is because it assumes your system diskette  
is the one from which FORMAT was run, and there-  
fore the obvious default would be the “other  
drive.  
If the drive number displayed is correct, simply  
type (RETURN>. If you wish to use a different  
drive, simply type the drive number without any  
(RETURN> following it.  
After you’ve entered a drive number, FORMAT will  
ask:  
TYPE OF FORMAT TO PERFORM (0-3)? <t>  
0)APPLE DISK-II  
( 35 TRACKS)  
1)RANA ELITE ONE ( 40 TRACKS)  
2)RANA ELITE TWO ( 80 TRACKS)  
3)RANA ELITE THREE (160 TRACKS)  
The <t> is the type for which the drive is  
defined under the currently in use DOS.  
FORMAT is requesting the type of format which  
you wish it to perform. The format type can be  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
ENHANCED DOS UTIL.  
completely independent of how the drive is de-  
fined (see PROFILE) under the enhanced DOS,  
however it is not completely independent of the  
actual drive being used to do the formatting.  
The following table lists which drives can per-  
form which format types:  
Format Type  
Drive Type Possible?  
Disk II  
Disk II  
Disk II  
Disk II  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
Yes  
Yes  
Yes  
Disk II  
Elite Three Special  
Elite One  
Elite One  
Elite One  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
Elite Two  
Elite Two  
Elite Two  
Elite Three  
Elite Three  
Elite Three  
Elite Three  
Disk II  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
Elite Three Special  
Disk II  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
Elite Three Special  
Disk II  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
No  
Yes  
Yes  
No  
No  
Yes  
No  
No  
No  
Elite Three Yes  
The above table shows that, with the exception  
of the Elite Three, the higher capacity drives  
can all format lower capacity diskettes.  
However, lower capacity drives cannot format  
higher capacity diskettes.  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
ENHANCED DOS UTIL.  
The Elite Three is capable of performing any of  
the format types, but the resulting diskette is  
not interchangeable with a non-Elite Three  
drive. For instance, an Elite Two diskette  
formatted using an Elite Three cannot be used by  
an Elite Two drive. In addition, the “special”  
diskette cannot even be used by an Elite Three  
drive unless the drive is redefined using  
PROFILE to be of the same type as the formatted  
diskette.  
Once a diskette has been formatted in a parti-  
cular way, it can be used in any drive which  
also has “yes” in the above table for the parti-  
cular type diskette. Once again, this means  
that, with the exception of the Elite Three,  
lower capacity diskettes can be used in higher  
capacity drives.  
Although this is true regardless of the way the  
drive is defined under the currently in use DOS  
(excluding the Elite Three) it is bad practice  
to use one type of diskette in a drive which has  
been defined differently. Programs may or may  
not rely upon the drive definitions within the  
DOS to determine the way in which the drive, and  
in turn the diskette, should he treated.  
If the format type is to he the same as the one  
displayed by FORMAT (the same as the way the  
drive is defined), just press RETURN>. If you  
wish a different format type (taking into  
account the above table), press the format type  
nunber listed in the menu without following it  
with a <RETURN>.  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
ENHANCED DOS UTIL.  
After you’ve specified the format type, you will  
be asked:  
VOLUME NUMBER (1-254)? 254  
On this question, the default is always 254,  
which is the standard default used by the  
original INIT command. If you wish a different  
volume number, just type it in followed by  
<RETURN>. If the default number is okay, just  
type <RETURN> without anything else.  
After you specify the volume number, FORMAT will  
want to know the hello file name. However, it  
asks it in a slightly funny way:  
HI FILE? HELLO  
Asking for the “hi” file is not FORMAT’s way of  
being cute, instead in permits a full 30  
character file name (permitted under DOS) to be  
specified on the 40 column Apple screen.  
Although the INIT command required a hello file  
name (it would not default), the default has  
always been accepted as being “HELLO”. The  
hello file is the program which DOS  
automatically executes when that diskette is  
booted.  
You have the option of typing a new file name  
(if you don’t like HELLO) followed by <RETURN>,  
or simply pressing <RETURN> without typing  
anything else to accept the default name.  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
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Unlike the INIT command, FORMAT will not save  
the hello file onto the diskette once the  
diskette is formatted. This is because FORMAT is  
also a program, and only one program can fit  
into memory at one time. This means that the  
only program FORMAT would have around to save as  
the hello file is FORMAT itself, and its unlike-  
ly that is the hello program you will want.  
Once FORMAT is finished, you can go back and  
save the hello program Onto the diskettes you  
formatted. The enhanced FID utility can be used  
to copy binary and text files. Refer to your DOS  
manual and also the FID ENHANCE utility later in  
this section.  
Once you’ve specified the HELLO file name,  
FORMAT allows you specify a little something  
extra which INIT does not permit:  
INVOKE HELLO FILE HOW (A-C)? A  
A) RUN <HI FILE>  
B) BRUN <HI FILE>  
C) EXEC <HI FILE>  
The default (RUN <HI FILE>) is the only choice  
you get with INIT and is therefore the default.  
If you specify the RUN option, then your hello  
file must be an Integer BASIC or Applesoft  
program. If you specify the BRUN option, then  
your hello file must be a binary (machine  
language) program. And, if you specify the EXEC  
option, your file must be a text file containing  
DOS commands. For more explanation, refer to  
your DOS manual under each of these commands.  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
ENHANCED DOS UTIL.  
You can either type one of the menu item letters  
without following it with <RETURN> if you don’t  
want the default (A), or you can simply press  
(RETURN> to accept the default. If this  
selection confuses you, simply press <RETURN>  
and FORMAT will default to exactly what the INIT  
command did.  
Since that is the last piece of information  
FORMAT needs to know, it will display:  
INSERT DISKETTE IN DRIVE. PRESS  
<RETURN> TO INITIALIZE, PRESS <ESC>  
TO CHANGE PARAMETERS.  
This means that FORMAT is ready to proceed with  
the formatting and is giving you one last chance  
to “bail out”. If you press <RETURN>, FORMAT  
will proceed with the diskette format. If you  
press <ESC>, FORMAT will return to the “invoke  
how?” prompt.  
Once FORMAT is allowed to proceed with the  
formatting, it will first check to see if the  
diskette is already formatted for 76—sectors  
(this includes CP/M and Pascal diskettes).  
Whether or not FORMAT is successful in detecting  
an already formatted diskette is highly  
dependent upon how the drive being used is  
defined in the current in use DOS, and also how  
the already formatted diskette was formatted  
originally. Therefore, this test should not be  
relied upon.  
If FORMAT does find an already formatted  
diskette, it will ask:  
Page 9-11  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
ENHANCED DOS UTIL.  
DISKETTE CONTAINS DATA.  
INITIALIZE ANYWAYS (Y/N)?  
If it is okay to format the diskette, simply  
type <Y> without any <RETURN>. If you didn’t  
expect the diskette to be already formatted,  
type <N> and FORMAT will not format the  
diskette.  
Once FORMAT has finished with the formatting,  
or if you specify <N> to the “initialize  
anyways?” question, FORMAT will ask:  
DO ANOTHER DISKETTE (Y/N)?  
Once again you can respone <Y> or <N>. If you  
specify <N>, FORMAT will return you to BASIC. If  
you specify <Y>, FORMAT will return to the point  
where you can specify <RETURN> to start  
formatting another diskette, or <ESC> to change  
parameters. If you wish to format another  
diskette the same way in the same drive, the you  
can change diskettes and just type <RETURN>.  
If you wish to change some of your previous  
responses, use <ESC> to back up to the entry you  
wish to change.  
Page 9-12  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
ENHANCED DOS UTIL.  
9.2. CLONE Utility  
The CLONE utility is very similar to the COPY  
and COPYA utility supplied by Apple on their  
Apple DOS 3.3 Master Diskette. In fact, CLONE  
is the enhanced DOS ‘s replacement for the two  
Apple utilities.  
To get into the CLONE utility, boot up your  
enhanced DOS diskette containing CLONE and type:  
BRUN CLONE<RETURN>  
This will work under both Integer BASIC and  
Applesoft BASIC.  
Once CLONE has been loaded into memory by DOS,  
the utility will sign—on by saying:  
CLONE  
RANA SYSTEMS’ 16-SECTOR DOS 3.3  
5-INCH DISKETTE COPY UTILITY.  
COPYRIGHT (C) (p) 1982 RANA SYSTEMS  
CLONE VERSION 2. 1  
CLONE TYPE TO PERFORM: 0  
0) WHOLE DISKETTE  
1) DOS ONLY  
Unlike COPY and COPYA, CLONE allows you to copy  
on the DOS image (boot tracks) from one diskette  
to another without disturbing the other  
information off the destination diskette. This  
allows you to update existing DOS diskettes with  
the enhanced DOS.  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
ENHANCED DOS UTIL.  
Since CLONE will also copy an entire diskette  
(just like COPY and COPYA), the first question  
it will as is which type of copy you wish CLONE  
to perform (as shown above). The default is  
“whole diskette” copy, which means you can  
simply press (RETURN> to specify that copy type.  
Pressing <0> will also tell CLONE to copy the  
entire diskette. Pressing <1> will indicate to  
CLONE that you wish only the DOS to be copied.  
No matter which type of copy you specify, CLONE  
will then ask:  
SOURCE:  
SLOT NUMBER (1-7)? <ss>  
where <ss> is the slot number from which you ran  
CLONE.  
A special feature of CLONE is that it allows you  
to back—up to previously answered questions so  
that you can change you answer. To do this,  
simply type <ESC> in response to any question an  
you will be returned to the previous question.  
You can then press <RSC> again to back-up  
another question.  
With the above question, CLONE is asking for the  
slot number of the drive in which you will be  
inserting the source (original) diskette. If  
<ss> is correct, you can simply press <RETURN>.  
If <ss> is wrong, press the number of the slot  
which is correct.  
Once the slot number is specified, CLONE will  
ask:  
Page 9-14  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
ENHANCED DOS UTIL.  
DRIVE NUMBER (1-4)? <Sd>  
where <Sd> is the drive number from which you ran  
CLONE.  
The also refers to the drive in which you will  
he inserting the source diskette. You can  
simply press <RETURN> if <sd> is correct. If  
you wish to specify a different drive number,  
press the new number.  
After the source drive number, CLONE asks:  
DISKETTE TYPE (0-3)? <st>  
where <st> is the drive type which you have  
specified (using PROFILE) for the source drive  
you selected, as follows:  
0 = Disk II  
1 = Elite One  
2 = Elite Two  
3 = Elite Three  
Although CLONE determines the default answer to  
this question by looking to see how you have the  
source drive defined under the currently booted  
DOS, this question is referring to the source  
diskette itself and not the drive.  
CLONE places restrictions on both the source  
diskette and the destination diskette according  
to how the drive is defined under the booted  
DOS. CLONE will not permit you to specify a  
diskette type which has a larger capacity than  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
ENHANCED DOS UTIL.  
the capacity for which the drive is defined.  
Given that restriction, CLONE will treat either  
diskette the way you specify in response to this  
question (for the source) and a later question  
(for the destination). But you are still re-  
stricted by what the drives being used are phys-  
ically capable of doing.  
The following tables relates whether or not each  
diskette type can be copied from/to each of the  
various drive types:  
DISKETTE  
DRIVE  
SOURCE?  
Disk II  
Disk II  
Disk II  
Disk II  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
Yes  
Yes  
Yes  
Disk II  
Elite Three Special  
Elite One  
Elite One  
Elite One  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
Elite Two  
Elite Two  
Elite Two  
Elite Three  
Elite Three  
Elite Three  
Elite Three  
Disk II  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
Elite Three Special  
Disk II  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
Elite Three Special  
Disk II  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
No  
Yes  
Yes  
No  
No  
Yes  
No  
No  
No  
Elite Three Yes  
Several special circumstances arise when the  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
ENHANCED DOS UTIL.  
Elite Three is used in the copy process when not  
performing a straight Elite Three to Elite Three  
copy.  
It is possible to use the Elite Three as the  
source drive for all types of diskette copies.  
This goes right along with the standard Elite  
Three usage rule that it can read any of the  
lesser storage capacity diskettes.  
When the Elite Three is used as the destination  
drive, a very special point needs to be remem-  
bered. The resultant destination (duplicate)  
diskette will not be compatible with its as-  
sociated drive type, unless the diskette and  
drive type is Elite Three. Once again, this  
comes from the fact that the Elite Three is not  
write compatible with non-Elite Three drives.  
This is not to say that the Elite Three can’t be  
used as the destination drive in a non-Elite  
Three copy. This simply means that the  
resultant diskette will only be readable by an  
Elite Three drive.  
After all the source drive and diskette  
questions have been answered, CLONE will move on  
to the destination (duplicate) drive and  
diskette information:  
DESTINATION:  
SLOT NUMBER (1-7)? <ds>  
<ds> is the default answer you will BE  
specifying if you just press <RETURN>. If <ds>  
is not the slot number you want for the  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
ENHANCED DOS UTIL.  
destination drive, simply press the correct  
number.  
CLONE will allow you to specify the same drive  
as both the source and destination drive. In  
this case, CLONE will give you a change to  
change diskettes during the copying process.  
After the destination slot number question  
comes:  
DRIVE NUMBER (1—4)? <dd>  
where (dd> is the default destination drive  
number. Once again, <dd> will be used if you  
just press <RETURN>. If <dd> is not correct,  
press the correct number.  
The last question is:  
DISKETTE TYPE (0-3)? <dt>  
where <dt> is the drive type you have defined in  
the booted WS for the destination drive you  
specified. This drive type number is just like  
the table of numbers listed previously for the  
source diskette type.  
Just like with the source diskette type, CLONE  
is asking what type of diskette the destination  
diskette is to be and not what type of drive is  
going to be used.  
CLONE will not permit you to specify a destina-  
tion diskette type which has a smaller capacity  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
ENHANCED DOS UTIL.  
than the source diskette type. Also, since CLONE  
will not restructure the diskette’s directory or  
associated information when copying from a  
lesser capacity diskette to a higher capacity  
diskette, there is only one real reason to  
specify a diskette type different from that  
specified for the source diskette: copying non-  
Elite Three diskette files to Elite Three disk-  
ette files when you have only one drive and its  
an Elite Three. The FIDR utility can be used to  
copy files between different capacity diskettes.  
See FID ENHANCE in this manual, and the instruc-  
tions for FID in Apple’s The DOS Manual.  
FIDR will permit you to transfer individual  
files between two diskettes using only a single  
drive, however FIDR assumes that both the source  
and destination diskette will be of the same  
type as defined using PROFILE in the booted DOS.  
Due to the way DOS works (which is outside the  
scope of this manual), this does not present a  
problem when transferring between two non-Elite  
Three diskettes of different types; even though  
the single drive is defined for a particular  
diskette type.  
However, this capability does not extend to  
Elite Three drives. Therefore, on single drive  
Elite Three systems, there is a special approach  
to transferring non—Elite Three diskette files  
to Elite Three diskettes.  
The first step is to use CLONE’s whole diskette  
copy to copy the non-Elite Three diskette  
(source) to an Elite Three type diskette  
(destination type of 3). This will convert the  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
ENHANCED DOS UTIL.  
diskette data into a structure which is  
compatible with the Elite Three, hut which will  
not have the full storage capacity of the Elite  
Three. Then FIDR can be used to copy the  
individual files from the restructured diskette  
onto a full capacity Elite Three diskette.  
Back to CLONE itself. Once the destination  
drive and diskette questions have been answered,  
CLONE will say:  
PLEASE INSERT BOTH DISKETTES AND  
PRESS <RETURN>  
if you specified different source and dest-  
ination drives, or:  
PLEASE INSERT THE SOURCE DISKETTE  
AND PRESS <RETURN> TO CONTINUE.  
if you specified the same drive for both source  
and destination.  
This is your indication that CLONE is ready to  
being the copying process. You should insert  
either just the source diskette (single drive  
copy) or both diskettes (two drive copy), and  
then press <RETURN> to being the copy process.  
If you specified that only the DOS is to be  
copied, then CLONE will give you a reminder to:  
INSERT AN ENHANCED DOS 3.3 SYSTEM  
MASTER DISKETTE INTO SLOT #<s>, DRIVE #<d>.  
PRESS <RETURN> WHEN READY TO READ DOS  
IMAGE INTO MEMORY. PRESS <ESC> TO  
Page 9-20  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
ENHANCED DOS UTIL.  
TERMINATE THIS UTILITY.  
After you allow CLONE to proceed (whole diskette  
or DOS only), it will read as much information  
from the source diskette as it can fit into  
memory, and then write the information to the  
destination diskette. If you specified a single  
drive copy, then CLONE will first request:  
PLEASE INSERT THE DESTINATION DISKETTE  
AND PRESS <RETURN> TO CONTINUE.  
This means that CLONE is waiting for you to  
remove the source diskette and insert the  
destination diskette. Once you’ve changed the  
diskette, press (RETURN> and CLONE will continue  
with the copy.  
When CLONE has written out all the information  
it has in memory, it will change back to reading  
the source diskette to get more. If you’re  
doing a single drive copy then CLONE will  
request that you insert the source diskette just  
like it did at the start of the copy process.  
Two drive copies proceed all the way through  
without your having to play with either  
diskette.  
Once CLONE has finished with the copy, it will  
say:  
DO ANOTHER COPY (Y/N)?  
If you press <N>, CLONE will dump you back into  
BASIC. If you press <Y>, CLONE will return to  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
ENHANCED DOS UTIL.  
the “insert source/both diskettes” prompt.  
You can change the copy type (whole or DOS  
only), the drives, and/or the diskette types,  
before making another copy by pressing <ESC> for  
the “insert diskettes” prompt.  
Special note concerning DOS-only copies:  
During a DOS only copy (and not during a whole  
diskette copy) the DOS copy which. is placed on  
the destination diskette will be restructured  
(if necessary) to conform to the way the DOS  
should  
boot  
off  
of  
the  
destination  
drive/diskette type you specified.  
The way in which DOS is structured for booting  
off of an Elite One is identical to the way it  
is structured for the Disk II, but changes are  
made when dealing with full capacity diskettes  
for the Elite Two and Elite Three.  
There are two conditions which must be met for a  
copy of the enhanced DOS to boot correctly (at  
all) from a diskette. The first is that the DOS  
must be placed on the diskette in a way which is  
compatible with the booting process for that  
particular type of diskette/drive (this is done  
by CLONE). The second is that the configuration  
table within the DOS must reflect the correct  
setting for the way the DOS has been placed on  
the diskette (see PROFILE).  
In order to assure these two conditions, the  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
ENHANCED DOS UTIL.  
configuration table on the source diskette must  
be set (using PROFILE) correctly for the boot  
slot and drive prior to copying the DOS to the  
destination diskette. The other option is to use  
PROFILE to change the table setting on the  
destination diskette after the copy has been  
made, but PROFILE will require that the drive  
containing the DOS to he changed be defined (in  
the currently hooted DOS) to match the way the  
DOS is structured on the diskette.  
CLONE will allow you (under certain conditions)  
to copy a DOS image onto a diskette using a  
structure specified by you which does not neces-  
sarily match the way in which the diskette was  
originally formatted. You should never do this.  
This will either immediately destroy one or more  
of the files on the destination diskette, or the  
diskette will stop booting as soon as a new file  
manages to overwrite the DOS on the diskette.  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
ENHANCED DOS UTIL.  
9.3. PROFILE utility  
The PROFILE utility is the heart of the enhanced  
DOS system. It is this utility which allows you  
to tell DOS where various drive models are lo-  
cated on your system, and also allows you to  
declare the drive as a different model (an Elite  
Two as a Disk TI, for example) to allow you to  
read and create diskettes to be interchanged  
with other Apple II DOS systems.  
PROFILE has absolutely no effect on the Elite  
Controller card since the enhanced DOS functions  
with it completely automatically. Enhanced DOS  
does not need to be told to use all four drives  
on the Elite Controller, and to only use two  
drives on the Disk II controller; it’s all auto-  
matic.  
To get PROFILE running, type:  
BRUN PROFILE  
and the utility will respond with:  
PROFILE V2. 1 COPYR. (c)(P) 1982 RANA SYS.  
FROM WHICH SLOT AND DRIVE  
IS DOS IMAGE TO BE WADED?  
ENTER SLOT NUMBER (7-7)  
Since PROFILE will only make definition changes  
to on-disk copies of the enhanced DOS (the in  
use in-memory copy of DOS cannot be modified),  
the first thing PROFILE needs to know is where  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
ENHANCED DOS UTIL.  
the DOS to be modified led is located.  
If you type <ESC>, PROFILE will return you to  
BASIC.  
PROFILE is very dependent upon how you have your  
drives defined under the currently in use DOS.  
Whenever you specify to PROFILE that It is to  
read a copy of DOS off of a particular diskette,  
PROFILE assumes that the DOS will be arranged on  
the diskette according to the way the drive is  
defined.  
This means that an Elite One system diskette  
cannot be read by a drive defined under the  
currently in use DOS as an Elite Two.  
Keeping this in mind, you would answer PROFILE  
by typing the number of the slot from which  
PROFILE is to read a copy of the enhanced DOS  
without following the number with a <RETURN>.  
After you’ve told PROFILE the slot number, it  
will ask:  
ENTER DRIVE NUMBER (1-4)  
Just like with the slot number, you would type  
the number of the drive from which PROFILE is to  
read the copy DOS. If you type <ESC>, PROFILE  
will return to the slot number question.  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
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After you have entered the two numbers, PROFILE  
will prompt you with:  
INSERT AN ENHANCED DOS 3.3 SYSTEM  
MASTER DISKETTE INTO SLOT #<s>, DRIVE #<d>.  
PRESS <RETURN> WREN READY TO READ DOS  
IMAGE INTO MEMORY. PRESS <ESC> IF LOAD  
NO LONGER DESIRED.  
<s> and <d> are the slot and drive numbers you  
specified.  
If you‘ve changed your mind and no longer wish  
to change any drive definitions, you can type  
<ESC> and PROFILE will return you to BASIC.  
Otherwise, insert an enhanced DOS master  
diskette which is compatible with the way the  
drive is defined; and then press <RETURN>.  
PROFILE will read in the copy of the DOS, and  
then display half a screen full of drive  
settings.  
These settings will be arranged by slot number  
in the up and down direction, and by drive  
number in the across direction. Each setting  
displayed is made of two separate parts. The  
first part consists of five characters as fol-  
lows:  
DISK2 = Apple Disk II  
ELIT1 = RANA Elite One  
ELIT2 = RANA Elite Two  
ELIT3 = RANA Elite Three  
The second part is a single character  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
ENHANCED DOS UTIL.  
immediately after the first five characters as  
follows:  
S = Slow (Disk II standard)  
M = Medium (Elite One standard)  
F = Fast (Elite Two and Three standard)  
This displayed table shows how each drive  
position which is possible on the Apple II is  
currently defined. Including drive positions  
for which there are no controllers or drives at  
the present time.  
Following the table, PROFILE will display a menu  
of choices:  
ENTER SELECTION (0-3)  
1)LOAD NEW DOS IMAGE FROM DISK  
2)CHANGE CURRENT DOS IMAGE SETTING  
3)SAVE CURRENT DOS IMAGE 2V DISK  
0)TERMINATE PROFILE  
You can choose an item by pressing its menu  
number without pressing <RETURN>.  
The first item allows you to read into memory a  
different copy of DOS to b~ altered. (Note:  
reading a DOS copy into memory does not mean  
replacing the currently operating DOS copy.)  
The second item allows you to make changes to  
the copy of DOS you already have in memory. The  
third item allows you to save the DOS copy you  
have in memory (changes and all) back out to a  
diskette. And the last item gets you out of  
PROFILE back to BASIC.  
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If you select any of the first three items,  
PROFILE will ask you the slot and drive number  
questions which it asked you when you first ran  
PROFILE. However, the drive PROFILE is asking  
for varies with the menu item you selected.  
For item 1 (load new DOS image), PROFILE will be  
asking for the drive from which you wish to load  
the new copy of DOS.  
For item 2 (change current DOS image setting),  
PROFILE will be asking fox- the drive who’s  
definition (setting) you wish to change in the  
copy of DOS you already have read into memory.  
For item 3 (save DOS image), PROFiLE will be  
asking for the drive to which you wish to save  
the DOS image (and any changes) you have in  
memory. This need not be the same drive or  
diskette from which you loaded the DOS image,  
but the image will he placed onto the diskette  
in a format which is compatible with the way the  
drive is defined under the in use DOS.  
Item 1 will cause PROFILE to proceed exactly  
like it did when you first ran PROFILE, except  
that pressing <ESC> for the final <ESC>/<RETURN>  
prompt will return you to the selection menu  
instead of dumping you back into BASIC.  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
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After specifying the drive to be redefined under  
item 2, PROFILE will ask:  
ENTER DRIVE TYPE (0-3)  
0)APPLE DISK-II  
( 35 TRACKS)  
1)RANA ELITE ONE ( 40 TRACKS)  
2)RANA ELITE TWO ( 80 TRACKS)  
3)RANA ELITE THREE (160 TRACKS)  
<t> will be the current setting for the drive as  
reflected in the table at the top of the screen.  
If you simply press <RETURN>, the definition  
will be left unchanged. If you wish to change  
the definition for the drive, simply type the  
new definition menu item number without any  
<RETURN>.  
<ESC> can also be typed to return to the drive  
number question.  
After you have answered the drive type question,  
PROFILE will ask:  
ENTER SEEK SPEED (0-2) : <s>  
0)SLOW (DISK-II AND ELITE SERIES)  
1)MEDIUM (ELITE SERIES ONLY)  
2)FAST (ELITE TWO AND THREE)  
<s> will be the correct seek speed for the drive  
type you selected (or defaulted to). If you  
just type <RETURN>, <s> will be used.  
Otherwise, you can type one of the menu item  
numbers without press <RETURN>.  
After you make your selection, PROFILE will  
display the change you made at the top of the  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
ENHANCED DOS UTIL.  
screen, and then return to the main menu. The  
change which was made still needs to he saved to  
a diskette, otherwise the redefined system  
cannot be booted.  
Main menu item 3 (save DOS image) is used to  
save the redefined DOS. After PROFILE requests  
the slot and drive numbers for item 3, it will  
say:  
INSERT FORMATTED DISKETTE TO RECIEVE  
ENHANCED DOS 3.3 SYSTEM MASTER IMAGE  
INTO SLOT #<s>, DRIVE #<d>. PRESS <RETURN>  
WREN READY TO WRITE DOS IMAGE FROM  
MEMORY. PRESS <ESC> IF SAVE NO LONGER  
DESIRED.  
<s> and <d> are the slot and drive numbers you  
specified.  
At this paint you can type <ESC> and PROFILE  
will return to the main menu. Otherwise, insert  
the diskette to receive to redefined DOS and  
press <RETURN>. The diskette must he formatted  
correctly for the way the drive is defined under  
the in use DOS. PROFILE will write the DOS to  
the diskette in that format.  
Once PROFILE has finished writing the copy of  
DOS to the diskette, it will return to the main  
menu.  
The last menu item (0) is self explanatory, and  
probably only requires a little practice.  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
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9.4. ENHANCE Utility  
The ENHANCE utility is intended as a one—time-  
only utility. Once you’ve performed the DOS  
enhancements outlined earlier in this manual,  
ENHANCE is no longer needed. The FORMAT and  
CLONE utilities are used to make new enhanced  
DOS system master diskettes. It is not necessary  
the use ENHANCE to keep enhancing every new  
DOS system diskette you create. The earlier DOS  
enhancing instructions are essentially the in-  
structions for using ENHANCE.  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
ENHANCED DOS UTIL.  
9.5. FID ENHANCE Utility  
The FID ENHANCE utility does for Apple’s FID  
utility what ENHANCE did for Apple’s DOS. It  
makes it more intelligent. FID, as it exists in  
its original form from Apple (supplied by Apple  
on the DOS master diskette) does not exactly  
follow all of the conventions which Apple has  
defined for reading and writing to diskettes.  
If it did, it would work with every Elite Series  
drive except the Elite Three (special case).  
FID, as it comes from Apple, will work correctly  
on the Elite One drive without any modification.  
In fact, FID will even function correctly with  
the Elite Two drive except it will refuse to  
copy files to all of the Elite two diskette.  
Unmodified FID should never be used on a Elite  
Three since it has a tendency to “butcher” di-  
rectory entries. In addition, FID only allows  
you to specify a drive number of 1 or 2 because  
that’s all Apple gave you on their Disk II  
controller card.  
But never fear! Rana has come to the rescue.  
FID can be saved from its own stupidity!  
FID ENHANCE is a very straight forward, down to  
business utility which will teach FID all those  
little things it should have known to begin  
with. The catch is that FID ENHANCE must be on  
the same diskettes as FID, which means using the  
“dumb” FID to put it on the diskette.  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
ENHANCED DOS UTIL.  
Since “dumb’ FID will work with Disk II and  
Elite One diskettes correctly, you need to  
create a Disk II or Elite One diskette  
containing FID on it. The run FID and specify  
menu item 1 (copy files) in order to copy FID  
ENHANCE onto the same diskette as "dumb" FID.  
For more information on using FID, refer to your  
DOS manual.  
Once FID and FID ENHANCE are on the same  
diskette, simply type:  
BRUN FID ENHANCE  
to begin the modifications.  
FID ENHANCE does not ask you anything. The  
first things it does is issue a “BLOAD FID”  
command to DOS in order to load FID into memory  
(FID must be on the diskette, or DOS will inform  
you of the error).  
Once DOS has loaded FID into memory, FID ENHANCE  
will perform the necessary “teaching” and then  
issue a BSAVE FIDR" to DOS to save the new  
“smart” FID under the name of FIDR. The “R” on  
the end indicates it is the Rana modified copy  
of FID.  
FIDR can then be used exactly like the original  
FID, except FIDR is completely compatible with  
the entire Elite Series drive line and also the  
four drives of the Elite Controller.  
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Page 9—34  
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ENHANCED CP/M UTIL.  
10. ENHANCED CP/M UTILITIES  
This section deals with the use of each of the  
new CP/M utilities individually, in order to  
provide you with the information you need in  
order to use the utilities for more than just  
enhancing your CP/M. If you do not use CP/M,  
then this section will prove to be of little  
interest to you.  
The Rana Systems enhancements to Microsoft Apple  
II 16—Sector 56K CP/M 2.2 consist of five system  
utilities: FORMAT, COPY, PROFILE, SGLDRIVE, and  
ENHANCE. The first two are replacements for  
utility programs provided by Microsoft on their  
original CP/M distribution diskette.  
FORMAT is used for initializing new diskettes  
for use under CP/M. It can also be used to  
reformat old diskettes (completely erasing any  
old data on the diskette). The enhanced version  
of FORMAT supplies you with the capability of  
formatting diskettes ranging from 143K Disk II  
diskettes all the way up to a full 652K Elite  
Three diskette.  
COPY is used to make exact one—for-one copies of  
a diskette onto another diskette. Unlike the  
standard CP/M utility PIP, COPY does not copy  
the diskette file-by—file. Instead, COPY reads  
every sector on the original (source) diskette,  
sector—by—sector, and then writes the informa-  
tion, sector—by—sector, onto the duplicate (tar-  
get) diskette. The enhanced COPY provides the  
capability of duplicating all the various dif-  
ferent size diskettes used on the various Elite  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
ENHANCED CP/M UTIL.  
drives and the Disk II drive.  
PROFILE gives you the flexibility to redefine  
the arrangement of the drives on your system to  
suit your needs. Since CP/M needs to know what  
type of drive you have where, PROFILE is used to  
tell CP/M of any rearranging (temporary or per-  
manent) you wish to do.  
SGLDRIVE is a special utility primarily intended  
to help those users who have only a single disk  
drive. Several of the CP/M utilities (PIP in  
particular) were not written for use on single  
drive systems. SGLDRIVE can be used to “fool  
these utilities (and CP/M itself) into thinking  
that a single drive is actually two drives.  
ENHANCE is a one-time-only type of utility. It  
contains all the various modifications that need  
to be made to the standard Apple II CP/M distri-  
buted by Microsoft in order for the system to  
use the extra features of the Elite Series pro-  
ducts.  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
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10.1. Notation  
Since almost all of the various different com-  
mands which you can give to the enhanced CP/M  
utilities contain choices and options, it is  
necessary to define a syntax notation. This  
notation permits the extensive amount of mater-  
ial covered by this section to be reduced to as  
small an amount of verbiage as possible.  
[ ] Square brackets surround those items  
which are optional. The items can be  
used as part of the command sentence,  
or completely left out.  
< > Angle brackets are used to surround  
lower case letters or words which are  
meant to describe only one item. The  
letters or words enclosed infer the  
type of “thing” that is supposed to be  
plugged in” at that location in the  
command, and not the exact letters  
which should be typed. (<filename>)  
Angle brackets are also used to sur-  
round upper case letters or words. In  
this case, the letter or word is an  
actual key on the keyboard which is to  
be typed. (<RETURN>)  
{ } Braces enclose lists of items from  
which you must choose one (and only  
one). If the items in the list are also  
enclosed the square brackets, then it  
is permissable to select none.  
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!
The exclamation point is used to sep-  
arate the different choices enclosed  
in braces.  
... Ellipses are used to indicate that you  
may repeat the entry as many times as  
you need or desire.  
CAPS Capital letters are used for those  
portions of the command which you must  
type exactly as show. In addition,  
other symbols not listed above must be  
typed as shown. If any of the above  
symbols must be typed, they will be  
enclosed in angle brackets. (<!>)  
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10.2. FORMAT Utility  
The enhanced FORMAT utility is designed to re-  
place the original FORMAT utility supplied by  
Microsoft. The new utility is capable of for-  
matting a diskette just like the old one did,  
but the new one can also format the higher  
capacity diskettes used by the Elite Series  
drives.  
In order to get FORMAT running, you need to be  
in CP/M command level. This is indicated by:  
A>  
being displayed by CP/M. The “A” would be which  
ever drive is your current logged (default)  
drive.  
FORMAT is executed by typing:  
<d> :FORMAT<RETURN>  
with a diskette containing the new FORMAT util-  
ity inserted into drive <d>.  
FORMAT will sign-on by saying:  
APPLE ][ CP/M  
16 Sector Disk Formatter  
Primary Copyright 1980 Microsoft  
Portions Copyright 1982 RANA Systems  
RANA Systems Version 1.1  
Format disk in which drive?  
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This is all very similar to the way the original  
(old) FORMAT signed-on. In fact the first part  
of the answer to FORMAT’s “which drive?” ques-  
tion is just like the response you would give to  
the original FORMAT, but there is more which has  
been added to the command.  
The complete syntax of the answer is:  
<d>: <type><RETURN>  
<d> is the drive letter which will be used to  
format the diskette. The colon (:) is typed as  
shown. <type> is a single digit number (0-3)  
which tells FORMAT which type of formatting to  
perform, as follows:  
O = Apple Disk ][  
1 = RANA Elite One  
2 = RANA Elite Two  
3 = RANA Elite Three  
( 35 tracks)  
( 40 tracks)  
( 80 tracks)  
(160 tracks)  
FORMAT is capable of performing any one of these  
format types on the specified drive regardless  
of how the drive is specified under CP/M (see  
PROFILE). However, it cannot format a diskette  
using a particular type of format on a drive  
which is incapable of handling that type of  
format.  
This is really just common sense when you con-  
sider that if the Disk II could handle 652K  
bytes of storage just like the Elite Three can,  
then Apple would be saying the Disk II can do  
652K bytes instead of 143K.  
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The following table shows which drive models can and can  
not be used to format the various different types of diskettes:  
Diskette Type  
Drive Model  
Can/Can’t  
Disk II  
Disk II  
Can  
Disk II  
Disk II  
Disk II  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
Elite Three  
Disk II  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
Elite Three  
Disk II  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
Elite Three  
Disk II  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
Elite Three  
Can  
Can  
Can’t  
Can’t  
Can  
Elite One  
Elite One  
Elite One  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
Elite Two  
Elite Two  
Elite Two  
Elite Three  
Elite Three  
Elite Three  
Elite Three  
Can  
Can’t  
Can’t  
Can’t  
Can  
Can’t  
Can’t  
Can’t  
Can’t  
Can  
The basic rule of thumb which this table points  
out is that smaller capacity drives can not  
format diskettes for the higher capacity drives,  
but the higher capacity drives can format disk-  
ettes for the smaller capacity drives. The  
exception which makes this rule true is the  
Elite Three.  
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Since the Elite Three achieves its 652K of stor-  
age by writing half width tracks in half track  
increments, the tracks (and any other data at  
other times) which the Elite Three writes while  
formatting a diskette are too small for the  
lower capacity drives to read.  
Once you press <RETURN> following your command,  
FORMAT will say:  
Insert disk to be formatted in drive <d>:  
Press RETURN to begin  
The <d> here is the drive letter you specified  
in your command. Before proceeding, you will  
need to make sure that the diskette you wish to  
format is the one which is in the specified  
drive.  
If you are formatting a diskette on which you  
already have programs or data, remember that  
when FORMAT finishes with the diskette all those  
data or program files will be completely gone.  
(No hope of recovering them.)  
Another “peace of mind” thing to do is to open  
the doors on any other drives you have which are  
not being used for the format. This makes sure  
nothing unexpected happens to any other disk-  
ettes you may have in those other drives.  
Once you hit <RETURN> to allow FORMAT to begin,  
the first thing it will do is try to read the  
diskette to be formatted to see if it already  
has any information on it. This little check is  
very dependent upon how you have the drive de-  
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fined under CP/M and what type of already for-  
matted diskette you have in the drive.  
Normally FORMAT will detect an already formatted  
16-sector diskette (including DOS 3.3 and Apple  
Pascal diskettes), but given certain circum-  
stances it may not. Therefore, you should not  
rely upon this check. If FORMAT does find the  
diskette to be already formatted, it will say:  
Disk in drive d>: will be ERASED.  
Continue (Y/N)?  
If you reply <Y><RETURN>, FORMAT will go ahead  
and format the diskette (erasing everything that  
was on the diskette, for ever and ever). If you  
reply <N><RETURN>, FORMAT will return to the  
“which disk?” question without formatting the  
diskette.  
Once you let FORMAT go ahead and do its job, it  
will say:  
Formatting...  
The time it takes to format a diskette varies  
directly with the type of format FORMAT has to  
perform. Disk II formats are done in about 30  
seconds (because there’s not much to do). A  
full Elite Three format can take well over a  
full minute (there is four times the storage to  
he formatted than what is necessary for a Disk  
II).  
Eventually, you will get:  
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FORMAT Complete  
Format disk in which drive?  
You are free to issue another command to do  
another format at this point. when you have no  
more formatting to do, make sure your CP/M sys-  
tem diskette is back in drive A: and then just  
answer the question with <RETURN>.  
If you used drive A: anytime during your format-  
ting, FORMAT will remember this and request:  
Insert CP/M System disk in drive A:  
Press RETURN  
When you’ve got your system diskette back into  
drive A:, type <RETURN>.  
Important  
Note: Unlike the INIT command under  
Apple’s DOS, FORMAT does not place a copy of any  
operating system onto the newly formatted disk-  
ette. This means that the diskette will not  
boot at all. You Apple will “hang” if you  
attempt to boot the diskette or leave it in  
drive A: when a transient command or program  
finishes and returns control to CP/M (see Tran-  
sient Commands in your CP/M manuals). Refer to  
the COPY utility instructions for information on  
how to place CP/M onto the new diskette.  
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10.3. COPY Utility  
The copy utility provides a means for you to  
make backup copies of your diskettes. The en-  
hancements made to the new COPY utility are  
primarily just in the area of support for the  
higher capacity Elite Series drives.  
Alot of extra logic has been added to the COPY  
utility to permit it to make backup copies of  
lower capacity diskettes using higher capacity  
drives. In addition, the way in which the Elite  
Two and Elite Three drives boot CP/M (when oper-  
ating in their full capacity mode) is slightly  
different than for the Elite One and Disk II.  
The new COPY takes this into account when per-  
forming a system-only copy.  
In order for COPY to be executed, CP/M must be  
in command level and a diskette containing the  
new COPY utility must be inserted in one of your  
drives. The command to issue is:  
<d> :COPY<RETURN>  
where <d> is the drive in which the diskette  
containing COPY is inserted.  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
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COPY signs-on by saying:  
APPLE II CP/M  
16 Sector Disk Copy Utility  
Primary Copyright 1980 Microsoft  
Portions Copyright 1982 RANA Systems  
RANA Systems Version 1.1  
*
You may find the “*” prompt to be just a little  
lacking in clues to the correct responses, but  
such a prompt is a tradition in CP/M, starting  
back with the standard CP/M utility PIP.  
The new COPY (just like the new FORMAT) is very  
similar to its predecessor from Microsoft. The  
command syntax which you can type following the  
“*“ prompt is:  
<target>:=<source>: [/S]<RETURN>  
If you are already used to working with the  
original COPY utility, then you will Quickly  
notice Rana has changed two terms on you. What  
would be a “master” diskette to the original  
COPY is referred to as a “source” diskette by  
the new COPY. And the original COPY’s “slave”  
diskette is called the “target” diskette by the  
new COPY. This change probably won’t throw you  
for too big a loop.  
<source> is the drive letter in which you plan  
on placing (Or already have placed) the original  
diskette you wish to be copied. <target> is the  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
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drive letter in which you plan on placing the  
already formatted diskette which is to receive  
the information from the original diskette.  
<source> and <target> can he the same drive.  
If you specify the “/S” option at the end of the  
command, the you will he telling COPY to only  
copy the CP/M operating system from the source  
diskette to the target diskette without altering  
any other information on the target diskette.  
If you do not specify the “/S” option, then the  
entire source diskette will be copied to the  
target diskette.  
The full diskette copy will completely replace  
any previous information you had on the target  
diskette. Just like with FORMAT, this previous  
information will never he seen again.  
Once again, the possibility of having various  
different drive models intermixed on the same  
system leads to certain restrictions as to their  
use. COPY is very reliant upon how you have the  
source and target drives defined under the CP/M  
system. COPY asks CP/M for this information so  
that it knows the type of drives with which it  
will he dealing.  
When performing a full diskette copy, three  
variables influence the type of diskettes which  
can he copied, what type of drives can he used  
for the copy, and what type of target diskette  
will result. These various combinations are  
given in the following four tables:  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
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Source Diskette is Disk II Format  
Source Drive  
Target Drive  
Target Disk  
Disk II  
Disk II  
Disk II  
Disk II  
Disk II  
Disk II  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
Elite Three  
Disk II  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
Elite Three  
Disk II  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
Elite Three  
Disk II  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
Elite Three  
Disk II  
Disk II  
Explained (1)  
Disk II  
Not allowed  
Not allowed  
Not allowed  
Disk II  
Not allowed  
Not allowed  
Not allowed  
Explained (2)  
Not allowed  
Not allowed  
Not allowed  
Elite One  
Elite One  
Elite One  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
Elite Two  
Elite Two  
Elite Two  
Elite Three  
Elite Three  
Elite Three  
Elite Three  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
ENHANCED CP/M UTIL.  
Source Diskette is Elite One Format  
Source Drive  
Target Drive Target Disk  
Disk II  
Disk II  
Disk II  
Disk II  
Disk II  
Impossible  
Impossible  
Impossible  
Impossible  
Impossible  
Elite One  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
Elite Three  
Disk II  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
Elite Three  
Disk II  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
Elite Three  
Disk II  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
Elite Three  
Elite One  
Elite One  
Elite One  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
Elite Two  
Elite Two  
Elite Two  
Elite Three  
Elite Three  
Elite Three  
Elite Three  
Elite One  
Explained (1)  
Impossible  
Elite One  
Not allowed  
Not allowed  
Impossible  
Explained (2)  
Not allowed  
Not allowed  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
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Source Diskette is Elite Two Format  
Source Drive  
Target Drive  
Target Disk  
Disk II  
Disk II  
Disk II  
Disk II  
Disk II  
Impossible  
Impossible  
Impossible  
Impossible  
Impossible  
Impossible  
Impossible  
Impossible  
Impossible  
Impossible  
Elite Two  
Explained (1)  
Impossible  
Impossible  
Explained (2)  
Not allowed  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
Elite Three  
Disk II  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
Elite Three  
Disk II  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
Elite Three  
Disk II  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
Elite Three  
Elite One  
Elite One  
Elite One  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
Elite Two  
Elite Two  
Elite Two  
Elite Three  
Elite Three  
Elite Three  
Elite Three  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
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Source Diskette is Elite Three Format  
Source Drive  
Target Drive  
Target Disk  
Disk II  
Disk II  
Disk II  
Disk II  
Disk II  
Impossible  
Impossible  
Impossible  
Impossible  
Impossible  
Impossible  
Impossible  
Impossible  
Impossible  
Impossible  
Impossible  
Impossible  
Impossible  
Impossible  
Impossible  
Elite Three  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
Elite Three  
Disk II  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
Elite Three  
Disk II  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
Elite Three  
Disk II  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
Elite Three  
Elite One  
Elite One  
Elite One  
Elite One  
Elite Two  
Elite Two  
Elite Two  
Elite Two  
Elite Three  
Elite Three  
Elite Three  
Elite Three  
Page 10-17  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
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The explanations for the “explained”s in the  
tables are as follows:  
(1) The target diskette will contain a  
backup of the source diskette, however  
the target diskette cannot be read by  
any other drive but an Elite Three.  
This means that the target diskette  
cannot be moved to the source drive  
and used just as If it were the source  
diskette. See explanation (2) for  
what can be done with the target disk-  
ette.  
(2) COPY will assume that the source disk-  
ette was one which was created under  
the condition described in explanation  
(1) above. These two conditions per-  
mit Elite Threes to be used in making  
backup copies of non-Elite Three disk-  
ettes, even though the copy cannot be  
used just like the original. The  
target diskette created under (1)  
above is only good for later “unback-  
ing—up” the information by reversing  
the drive models used for the source  
and target drives. An Elite Three  
backup of a non—Elite Three diskette  
is not valid for use under anything  
except COPY, and then only given these  
two explanation conditions.  
What if your system consists of a Disk II drive  
and an Elite Two? Does this mean you can’t  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
ENHANCED CP/M UTIL.  
backup an Elite Two diskette? First glance at  
the tables might indicate that such a conflict  
occurs, but not really. In such a case you  
would simply specify a single drive copy to the  
COPY utility by specify both the source and  
target drives as being your Elite Two. A dual—  
drive copy can still be performed if you are  
backing up a Disk II diskette, since the Elite  
Two will work as both the source and target for  
a Disk II copy, provided as Disk II defined  
drive is involved in the copy somehow.  
An important note to remember is that COPY does  
not know exactly which drive models you have  
placed in various positions, all it knows is  
what you have specified to the currently booted  
CP/M operating system (using PROFILE). There-  
fore, if you have an Elite Two as drive B:, but  
you‘ve told the currently booted CP/M that drive  
B: is a Disk II, then you must treat the drive  
like a Disk II when you look at the copy tables  
listed earlier.  
A studied analysis of the tables will reveal,  
with the exception of the Elite Three, that the  
lower capacity drive of the two specified for  
the copy will always declare what type of copy  
is to be performed. This is regardless of  
whether or not the lower capacity drive is the  
source or the target.  
In addition, COPY will not FORMAT the target  
diskette prior to starting the copy. The target  
diskette must already have been pre—formatted  
using the FORMAT utility. The diskette must be  
formatted in the same format as listed for the  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
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target diskette in the preceding tables, with  
the exception of the special Elite Three condi-  
tions. In the Elite Three ”explained” case (1),  
the target diskette must be formatted in an  
Elite Three format. In the Elite Three “ex-  
plained” case (2), the target diskette must be  
formatted in the format correct for the target  
drive’s type.  
When making a backup copy of (for instance) an  
Elite One diskette using an Elite One as the  
source drive and an Elite Two as the target  
drive, it is okay to place an Elite One format-  
ted diskette into the Elite Two to use as the  
target diskette, COPY will only attempt to use  
the Elite One formatted areas on the diskette  
since it will be copying an Elite One diskette.  
The same is true for other copies of this type  
in which the target drive has more capacity than  
the source drive (excluding the Elite Three).  
On system-only copies, the above tables do not  
apply. System-only copies always assume that the  
source diskette will be of the same type as the  
source drive, and that the target diskette will  
be of the same type as the target drive. This  
allows you to copy a CP/M structured (for  
instance) to boot off of a Disk II, and have  
COPY restructure it and write it so that an  
Elite Three can then boot it. The reverse is  
also true. COPY will restructure an Elite Three  
operating system so that a Disk II can then boot  
it. However, the source and target diskettes  
must be pre-formatted to be compatible with the  
drive types which will be reading and writing  
them. Check the PROFILE utility for information  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
ENHANCED CP/M UTIL.  
concerning “bootability” of system copies.  
After you’ve plowed through all of the above  
confusion, and finally decide you’ve chosen the  
right command and then hit <RETURN>, COPY will  
respond with:  
Insert SOURCE disk into drive <source>:  
Insert TARGET disk into drive <target>:  
Press RETURN to begin  
provided your <source> and <target> are two  
different drives. If your <source> and <target>  
are the same drive, then COPY will say:  
Insert SOURCE disk and press RETURN  
Insert the diskette(s) COPY requests, and then  
press <RETURN>.  
On single drive copies, COPY will first read in  
as much information as it can into memory from  
the source diskette, and then say:  
Insert TARGET disk and press RETURN  
You should then insert the requested diskette  
and press <RETURN>.  
Single drive copying will continue like this  
until all the information is copied. Two drive  
copies will run all the way through without any  
assist from you.  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
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Once the copying is finished (single or two—  
drive), COPY will say:  
COPY Complete  
Do you wish to make another copy?  
If you answer <N><RETURN> to this question, COPY  
will terminate. COPY’s response to your answer-  
ing <Y><RETURN> to this question depends upon  
whether you did a full diskette copy or a sys-  
tem-only copy.  
If you did a full diskette copy, COPY will ask  
for the diskettes to be copied just like it did  
the first time. If you did a system—only copy,  
COPY will only ask for the target diskette. This  
is because COPY was able to fit all of the  
system information it is copying into memory at  
one time. Therefore it does not need to read it  
again off of the source diskette a second time.  
Once you answer <N><RETURN> to the another  
copy?” question, COPY will check to see if you  
used drive A: anytime during your copying. If  
you did, it will prompt you with:  
Insert CP/M System disk into drive A:  
Hit RETURN  
This is just a reminder in case you removed the  
CP/M system diskette to make a copy of some  
other diskette. When the CP/M system diskette is  
in drive A:, press <RETURN> and COPY will  
terminate.  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
ENHANCED CP/M UTIL.  
Special Note: The only diskette restructuring  
COPY will perform is during a system-only copy.  
There is no way to convince COPY to restructure  
and Elite One diskette (for instance) into an  
Elite Two diskette. This can be done using the  
“copy all files” feature of the PIP utility.  
Refer to your CP/M manuals. If you have just a  
single drive, you will also want to refer to the  
SCLDRIVE utility instructions later in this  
section.  
Page 10—23  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
ENHANCED CP/M UTIL.  
10.4.PROFILE Utility  
The PROFILE utility is the heart of the enhanced  
CP/M system. It is this utility which allows you  
to tell CP/M where various drive models are  
located on your system, and also allows you to  
declare the drive as a different model (an Elite  
Two as a Disk II, for example) to allow you to  
read and create diskettes to be interchanged  
with other Apple II CP/M systems.  
PROFILE has absolutely no effect on the Elite  
Controller card since the enhanced CP/M func-  
tions with it completely automatically. En-  
hanced CP/M does not need to be told to use all  
four drives on the Elite Controller, and to only  
use two drives on the Disk II controller; it’s  
all automatic.  
PROFILE is executed from CP/M command level by  
typing:  
<d> :PROFILE<RETURN>  
where <d> is the drive in which the diskette  
containing PROFILE is located.  
PROFILE signs-on by saying:  
Apple ][ CP/M  
Drive Configuration Utility  
Copyright (c) (p) 1982 RANA Systems  
Version 1.1  
*
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
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The “*” is the standard CP/M utility prompt to  
indicate that the utility is waiting for a com—  
mand.  
The valid command syntax for PROFILE is:  
[<u>:=]§<d>:<t>[<s>][,<d>:<t>[<s>]...]!*†  
where <u> is the drive containing the copy of  
the CP/M to be altered. <d> is the CP/M drive  
who’s definition is to be altered within the  
copy of the CP/M. <t> is the drive type to  
which the drive is to be changed, as given  
below. And <s> is the seek speed at which the  
drive is to be positioned from track-to-track.  
The “*” can replace the entire mess, telling  
PROFILE to display the current system configura-  
tion without making any changes.  
The valid <t> entries are:  
0 = Disk II  
1 = Elite One  
2 = Elite Two  
3 = Elite Three  
The valid <s> entries are:  
S = Slow (all models)  
M = Medium (all Elite models)  
F = Fast (Elite Two and Three only)  
The “<u>:” part is optional. If it is not  
specified, then PROFILE will assume the change  
is to be made to the currently booted in—memory  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
ENHANCED CP/M UTIL.  
copy of CP/M only, and no change to disk copies  
will be made. This in-memory change would be  
temporary, and would no longer exist once the  
system was fully rebooted.  
If the “<u>:=” is specified, then the change  
will be made to the CP/M system on the diskette  
in the specified drive, and no changes will be  
made to the in-memory copy of CP/M.  
The seek speed parameter is also optional. If  
it is left off, PROFILE will default to the  
correct seek speed for the drive model type you  
specified.  
Apart from various “insert disk” and other such  
instructional messages, PROFILE basically has  
only one primary line it prints over and over  
again to reflect any changes it applies or to  
give a listing of current settings. A sample of  
this single line message would be:  
H:+Rana Elite Three, Medium Seek.  
AABCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCDDDDDDDDDDDD  
The first line is the message, the second is a  
little added template to assist in the  
explanation of the various sections on the  
message (it’s not printed by PROFILE).  
The “A” section of the message (refer to second  
line) is the drive for which the information  
applies.  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
ENHANCED CP/M UTIL.  
The “B” section is either a “+“ or a space. If  
a “+” is printed, that means that your system  
does not currently have a controller card in it  
which will allow talking to that drive. All  
drives from a certain drive letter up through  
drive P: (highest allowable CP/M drive) would  
have “+”s, depending upon the number of control-  
lers in your system. All drives from I: through  
P: will have "+"s since enhanced CP/M only sup-  
ports up to eight drives (A: through H:).  
The “C” section concerns itself with the type of  
drive model which is assigned to that drive  
letter. This assignment is completely indepen-  
dent of what type of drive is actually connected  
to your Apple at that particular drive position.  
What is printed at this position in the message  
determines how CP/M will treat that particular  
drive, regardless of whether or not the drive is  
capable of being treated that way. Some exam-  
ples of why you would “lie” to CP/M will come  
later. Drives I: through P: will not report any  
model type since the enhanced Apple II CP/M does  
not support these drives.  
The "D" section reports the seek speed at which  
the drive will be positioned from track-to-track  
by CP/M. This also is regardless of whether or  
not the drive is capable of seeking at the given  
speed. This field is printed for all drives  
regardless of whether or not the enhanced CP/M  
supports the drive. This is because very spe-  
cialized machine language programs can do disk  
I/O which bypasses the CP/M operating System,  
but which still rely on the system disk control-  
ler routines to position the drive for them.  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
ENHANCED CP/M UTIL.  
When a drive’s setting is changed, PROFILE will  
print the message line for the drive twice,  
preceeded by “Was” for the old setting of the  
drive, and “Now” for the new setting of the  
drive:  
Was B:+Elite Three, Fast Seek.  
Now B:+Disk II,  
Slow Seek.  
The best way to show the use of PROFILE is by  
examples of various PROFILE commands:  
A:=H:3,C:0,E:1<RETURN>  
This command will make all changes to the system  
diskette located in drive A: (A:=). The first  
change will be to make drive H: an Elite Three  
with the default seek speed of ‘fast (H:3).  
The second change will be to make drive C: a  
Disk II with the default seek speed of “slow”  
(,C:0). The last change is to make drive E: an  
Elite One with the default seek speed of “med-  
ium” (,E:1).  
G:1F,C:0F,D:0M<RETURN>  
This coMMand will make all changes to the in-  
memory (currently running) CP/M system and abso-  
lutely no changes to any copies on any disk-  
ettes. This would be a temporary change, only  
lasting until the system is completely rebooted.  
The first change is to make drive C: an Elite  
One with an override for “fast” seeking (G:1F).  
The override would only make sense if the drive  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
ENHANCED CP/M UTIL.  
was actually an Elite Two (which can seek fast)  
which is to be restricted to acting like an  
Elite One.  
The second change is to make drive A: act like a  
Disk II, but seek at the “fast” rate (,A:0F).  
Once again, this would have to he an Elite Two  
pretending to be a Disk II. This would be a  
common temporary setting since it allows the  
Elite Two to read a lower capacity Disk II  
diskette, and restricts any writes the drive  
makes to the diskette to be perfectly  
interchangeable with a Disk II drive.  
The last change is to make drive D: act like a  
Disk II but seek at the “medium” seek rate  
(,D:0M). This also would be a common temporary  
setting since it obviously infers restricting an  
Elite One to acting just like a Disk II to  
insure that any diskette about to be up-  
dated/created by the drive will interchange with  
a Disk II drive.  
Although possible, no changes to the setting for  
drive A: should ever be made to the in-memory  
system. All changes take effect immediately,  
and since the diskette which was hooted in drive  
A: would be of a “pre-change” format, the system  
will “crash” when PROFILE is terminated and the  
system is no longer able to read its own system  
diskette.  
Likewise, changes to settings for drive A: in  
on-disk copies of CP/M have a direct effect on  
the “bootability” of the diskettes. When the  
copy of the operating system was placed onto the  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
ENHANCED CP/M UTIL.  
diskette (by COPY), it was structured to boot  
for a particular type of drive. The setting for  
drive A: within that on-disk operating system  
must match the boot structure, or the boot will  
fail.  
When you use COPY to copy an operating system  
from (for instance) an Elite One drive to an  
Elite Two drive, COPY restructures the system  
into a format compatible with booting off of the  
Elite Two. However, COPY did not change the  
configuration setting for drive A: on that new  
system copy. If drive A: was not set as an Elite  
Two on the system diskette which was cop-  
ied, then you will need to use PROFILE to change  
drive A:‘s setting in the Elite Two system disk-  
ette to an Elite Two. Otherwise the diskette  
will begin to boot, but end up crashing. The  
same is true for other changes in booting struc-  
tures.  
Whenever PROFILE has to read and write a disk-  
ette in a particular drive in order to make  
changes to an on-disk copy of CP/M, it relies  
completely upon the definition of the drive  
within the in-memory CP/M to determine the  
CP/M’s structure on the diskette. PROFILE ex-  
pects the CP/M ‘s structure to match how the  
drive is defined under the operating system.  
This means that Elite Two system diskettes  
should only be updated in drives defined under  
the in-memory CP/M as Elite Two’s. The same  
goes for the other types of system diskettes.  
Also, keep in mind that any changes you make to  
the in-memory CP/M take effect immediately.  
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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
ENHANCED CP/M UTIL.  
This can be a problem to be kept track of, but  
also an advantage. It will allow you to temp-  
orarily change the setting of a drive which is  
capable off handling a particular diskette‘s  
format so that the diskette can be modified.  
(With the exception of the Elite Three, higher  
capacity models can all handle the lower capaci-  
ty models’ diskette formats. The Elite Three  
can only handle, and is the only one which can  
handle, the Elite Three format.)  
The last two examples deal with finding out how  
a particular copy of CP/M is currently config-  
ured:  
*<RETURN>  
A simple “*” will result in PROFILE displaying  
the settings in the in—memory CP/M for all  
drives. No changes will be made.  
A:=*<RETURN>  
This example will cause PROFILE to display the  
current setting in the on-disk CP/M in drive A:  
for all drives. No changes will be made. A:  
could be any drive.  
For each change in a drive setting made in the  
above examples, be it on—disk on in—memory,  
PROFILE would display a “was” and “now” message  
to show you the change made.  
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Whenever you either display the current settings  
within an on-disk CP/M system copy (<u>:=*), or  
make a change to a setting (<u>:=<d>:<t>[<s>]),  
PROFILE will first respond with:  
Insert a system disk in <u>:.  
<RETURN> to continue/retry;  
<ESC> or <CTRL-C> to abort.  
where <u> is the drive you specified.  
This gives you a chance to insert which ever  
diskette contains the copy of the CP/M you wish  
to examine or modify. When you have it in the  
drive, just press <RETURN> and PROFILE will go  
get the information it needs from the diskette.  
If you type <ESC>, PROFILE will cancel the com-  
mand and immediately return to the “*” prompt.  
Once PROFILE reads the information, it will then  
perform the function you requested. If your  
request was for just a listing of the settings,  
then the listing will be displayed and PROFILE  
will return to the “*” prompt.  
If you requested changes to be made, PROFILE  
will make the changes, displaying all the "was”  
and "now” messages, and then respond with:  
Ready to update <u>:.  
<RETURN> to continue/retry;  
<ESC> or <CTRL-C> to abort.  
PROFILE will then wait for you to allow it to  
make the changes permanently to the diskette. If  
the changes were all okay, type <RETURN>. If  
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you no longer wish the diskette to he updated,  
type <ESC> and PROFILE will leave the diskette  
alone.  
If you request PROFILE to do anything with the  
in-memory CP/M, PROFILE will not need to ask you  
to insert any diskettes. So, you will get an  
immediate response to your request. But, before  
PROFILE actually applies the changes directly to  
the in—memory CP/M, it will say:  
Ready to update in-memory system. <RETURN>  
to continue/retry;  
<ESC> or <CTRL-C> to abort.  
This gives you a chance to change your mind  
about any modifications to the in—memory system.  
If you press <RETURN>, PROFILE will go ahead and  
update the system. If you press <ESC>, PROFILE  
will cancel the command and immediately return  
to the “*” prompt.  
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10.5. SGLDRIVE Utility  
The SGLDRIVE utility is designed specifically  
for CP/M users with only one drive. If you are  
not such a user, the description of this utility  
will not be of much use to you. If you are a  
single drive user, this utility can prove to be  
invaluable.  
Single drive users (on an Apple or any other  
CP/M system) quickly find that CP/M is not over-  
ly friendly to them CP/M was not really de-  
signed with only one drive in mind. The biggest  
example of this is the PIP utility for which  
SGLDRIVE was specifically designed (although it  
can function in other applications as well).  
PIP is a standard utility which is pare of the  
CP/M system itself (from Digital Research), as  
opposed to FORMAT and COPY which were added by  
Microsoft and which strictly work under the  
Apple II version of CP/M. PIP’s primary func-  
tion (it has alot of functions, see your CP/M  
manuals) is to copy individual files or groups  
of files from one diskette onto another diskette  
(or possibly the same diskette), without de-  
stroying the other existing files on the target  
diskette.  
PIP’s problem is that if you specify the source  
drive (on which PIP is to find the original  
files) and the target drive (to which PIP is to  
copy the files) as the same drive, PIP assumes  
you want the copy of the file to go on the same  
diskette as the source. This prevents single  
drive users from copying individual files be-  
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tween two different diskettes. SGLDRIVE solves  
this not so little problem by doing a little  
lieing to CP/M itself.  
To get SGLDRIVE started, type:  
<d>:SGLDRIVE  
where <d> is the drive in which the diskette  
containing SGLDRIVE is inserted.  
After SGLDRIVE is loaded, it will sign-on with:  
Enhanced Apple ][ CP/M  
Dual to Single Drive Mapping Utility  
Copyright (C) 1982 RANA Systems  
Revision 1. 1  
When SGLDRIVE is first executed, it takes a  
small section of itself and copies it into some  
storage space inside CP/M which is only used  
when you have three or more drives. This little  
piece of SGLDRIVE will remain inside CP/M until  
you completely reboot your Apple. This is re-  
ferred to as the “resident“ portion of SGLDRIVE.  
Once this resident portion is in place, SGLDRIVE  
will tell you:  
B: now mapped to A:  
This means that whenever CP/M or a utility/pro-  
gram running under CP/M (PIP for instance) asks  
CP/M to read or write some information from  
drive B: (which, as a single drive user, you  
won’t have), SGLDRIVE will display:  
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Mount B:, Press <ESC>  
This gives you a chance to remove the diskette  
from your drive and insert whichever diskette  
you want to pretend is in drive B:. When you  
have the “drive B:" diskette in the drive, type  
<ESC> and the resident portion of SGLDRIVE will  
allow the read or write operation to continue.  
When CP/M (or the program running under CP/M)  
changes back to using drive A:, you will get:  
Mount A:, Press <ESC>  
Which gives you a chance to replace the “drive  
B:” diskette with the “drive A:” diskette (the  
system diskette).  
Important  
Note: Although SGLDRIVE allows you  
exchange the disk in drive A: between the “drive  
A:” diskette and the “drive B:” diskette as  
required by CP/M, you cannot freely exchange  
which diskettes you are using as the “drive A:”  
diskette and the “drive B:” diskette. Once you  
start using a particular diskette as the “drive  
B:” diskette, you must stick with that diskette.  
As far as CP/M is concerned, it is actually  
dealing with two diskettes located in two dif-  
ferent drives, and which are not being removed  
and changed all the time.  
There are very specific and defined times which  
you can change the diskettes you are using. For  
information on this, see the “R/O” error message  
under “BDOS Error Messages” in your CP/M  
manuals.  
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In order to convince PIP to copy a file from one  
diskette to another diskette using just one  
drive, you would tell PIP to copy the file from  
drive A:/B: to drive B:/A: (the other drive).  
Then, whenever PIP needs to read or write from  
the diskette which is not currently in the drive  
at that particular time, the resident portion of  
SGLDRIVE will allow you to change the diskettes.  
Due to the way SGLDRIVE works, it would be  
possible to use it with programs other than PIP,  
but Rana ‘s making no promises. SGLDRIVE was  
designed specifically to solve PIP vs single  
drive problem, but with the possibility of help-  
ing Out with other programs at the same time.  
There is one particular type of program with  
which SGLDRIVE will not work correctly at all.  
SGLDRIVE should not be used with the various  
system utilities which perform their own disk  
reads and writes. These programs tend to bypass  
the CP/M operating system for their disk reads  
and writes sometimes and then use CP/M at other  
times. This will completely confuse SGLDRIVE,  
and it will not be able to keep track of which  
diskette should be in the drive at what time.  
Such programs include the FORMAT, COPY, PROFILE,  
and ENHANCE utilities; except when used as out-  
lined in the CP/M Enhancements section of this  
manual. (Special considerations have been made  
in the utilities for the enhancing process.)  
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10.6. ENHANCE Utility  
The ENHANCE utility is intended as a one-time-  
only utility. Once you’ve performed the CP/M  
enhancements outlined earlier in this manual,  
ENHANCE is no longer needed. The COPY utility  
is used to make new enhanced CP/M diskettes. It  
is not necessary the use ENHANCE to keep enhanc-  
ing every new CP/M system diskette you create.  
The earlier CP/M enhancing instructions are  
essentially the instructions for using ENHANCE.  
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11. SECTION 11  
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT  
Rana Systems gratefully acknowledges the help  
given by Quality Software in the compilation of  
the following appendix.  
We have borrowed some material from a section of  
their highly informative book “Beneath Apple  
DOS” by Don D. Worth and Pieter M. Lechner.  
For further information on Apple Disk I/O we  
suggest you refer to “Beneath Apple DOS”  
Copyright 1981 Quality Software  
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APPENDIX A  
A. DISKETTE DATA RECORDING  
A. 1. Introduction  
This appendix is designed to show in detail how  
information is structured on a diskette, begin-  
ning with a brief introduction to the hardware  
involved.  
A.2. Tracks and Sectors  
Diskettes are divided into tracks and sectors  
during the initialization process. Each track is  
identified by its distance from the center of  
the disk but, unlike the grooves of a record,  
they are not connected in a continuous spiral. A  
disk is similar to a record in that it is spun  
at a constant speed and information is written  
to or read from its surface with a read/write  
head. Apple formats its diskettes into 35  
tracks, numbered 0 to 34 with track 0 on the  
outside and track 34 being the innermost.  
The Elite One is capable of reading and writing  
40 tracks (0 to 39). These five extra tracks  
are located closer to the center of the disk  
after Apple’s last track (34)  
The dual headed Elite Two and Elite Three drives  
require that the term “cylinder” be introduced.  
Since the two heads allow the Elite Two and  
Elite Three to read and write on both sides of  
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the diskette, these drives can actually access  
two tracks without having to move the read/write  
heads (which always move together) to another  
pair of tracks. Each “pair of tracks” at which  
the read/write head can stop (and successfully  
read and write data) is called a cylinder.  
Since the Elite One (and Apple’s Disk II) has  
only one head, it has only one track for every  
cylinder. This leads to the two terms (“track”  
and “cylinder”) being interchanged rather freely  
when discussing single headed disk drives (a  
problem which tends to spill over into the dual  
headed disk drive world). For the most part,  
no problems of understanding arise from this  
sloppy use of “computerese” (a very sacred lan-  
guage).  
This appendix will, in fact, continue this slop-  
py exchange of these terms since, should you be  
a user with a little computer experience, you  
will already be used to the term “track”, and  
“cylinder” probably leaves a bad taste in your  
mouth (for now).  
Like the Elite One, the Elite Two also has 40  
cylinders; but the Elite Two is dual headed and  
therefore has two tracks for every cylinder.  
This gives the Elite Two a total of 80 tracks.  
The Elite Three has 80 cylinders; and since it  
is dual headed also, this gives it a total of  
160 tracks.  
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The disk ann can physically position itself over  
80 “phases”. To move an Elite One or Two past  
one track (cylinder) to the next, two phases of  
the stepper motor, which moves the arm, must be  
cycled. This would suggest that data might be  
stored on 80 tracks, but only the Elite Three is  
equipped with heads which are capable of reading  
and writing data on tracks which are so close  
together. For the Elite One and Elite Two (and  
Disk II) the resolution of the read/write heads  
are such that attempts to use “half—tracks”  
often invite complications.  
A sector, a sub—division of a track, is the  
smallest unit of “updateable” data on the disk-  
ette and Apple has used two different track  
formats to date. One divides the track into 13  
sectors, the other into 16 sectors. The sect or—  
ing does not use the index hole(s) provided on  
most diskettes to locate the first sector of the  
track. In stead DOS uses an extended “soft sec-  
toring” format which takes up more space but,  
ultimately allows more flexibility, and reduces  
drive costs.  
Since the existing Apple II operating systems  
(DOS, CP/M, and Pascal) knew nothing of dual  
headed disk drives like the Elite Two and Elite  
Three, special (but very compatible) extensions  
to Apple’s diskette format had to be made to  
support these higher capacity drives. This was  
done by leaving the format on the first side of  
the diskette identical to Apple’s, but numbering  
the sectors on the second side of the diskette  
as sectors 16-31.  
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The following tables give an illustration of the  
amount of data stored on a diskette under an  
Enhanced DOS 3.3 format for all Elite models.  
ELITE ONE  
DISK ORGANIZATION  
Cylinders  
Tracks  
Tracks  
Sectors  
Sectors  
Sectors  
Bytes  
per Diskette : 40  
per Cylinder : 1  
per Diskette : 40  
per Track  
: 16  
per Cylinder : 16  
per Diskette : 640  
per Sector  
per Track  
: 256  
: 4096  
Bytes  
Bytes  
Bytes  
per Cylinder : 4096  
per Diskette : 163840  
DOS Reserved Cylinders per Diskette : 4  
DOS Reserved Tracks per Diskette : 4  
DOS Reserved Sectors per Diskette : 64  
DOS Reserved Bytes  
per Diskette : 16384  
Available Cylinders  
Available Tracks  
Available Sectors  
Available Bytes  
per Diskette : 36  
per Diskette : 36  
per Diskette : 576  
per Diskette : 147456  
Note: The above figures are for an enhanced DOS  
version 3.3.  
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ELITE TWO  
DISK ORGANIZATION  
Cylinders  
Tracks  
Tracks  
Sectors  
16 Sectors  
Sectors  
Bytes  
per Diskette : 40  
per Cylinder : 2  
per Diskette : 80  
per Track  
: 16  
per Cylinder : 32  
per Diskette : 1280  
per Sector  
per Track  
: 256  
: 4096  
Bytes  
Bytes  
Bytes  
per Cylinder : 8192  
per Diskette : 327680  
DOS Reserved Cylinders per Diskette : 2.5  
DOS Reserved Tracks  
DOS Reserved Sectors  
DOS Reserved Bytes  
per Diskette : 5  
per Diskette : 80  
per Diskette : 20480  
Available Cylinders  
Available Tracks  
Available Sectors  
Available Bytes  
per Diskette : 37.5  
per Diskette : 75  
per Diskette : 1200  
per Diskette : 307200  
Note: The above figures are for an version 3.3.  
enhanced DOS  
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APPEN. A - DISK I/O  
ELITE THREE  
DISK ORGANIZATION  
Cylinders  
Tracks  
Tracks  
Sectors  
Sectors  
Sectors  
Bytes  
per Diskette : 80  
per Cylinder : 2  
per Diskette : 160  
per Track  
: 16  
per Cylinder : 32  
per Diskette : 2560  
per Sector : 256  
Bytes  
per Track  
: 4096  
Bytes  
per Cylinder : 8192  
Bytes  
per Diskette : 655360  
DOS Reserved Cylinders  
DOS Reserved Tracks  
DOS Reserved Sectors  
DOS Reserved Bytes  
per Diskette : 2.5  
per Diskette : 5  
per Diskette : 80  
per Diskette : 20480  
Available Cylinders  
Available Tracks  
Available Sectors  
Available Bytes  
per Diskette : 77.5  
per Diskette : 155  
per Diskette : 2480  
per Diskette : 634880  
Note: The above figures are for an enbanced DOS  
version 3.3.  
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A. 3. Track Formatting  
Data is recorded on the diskette uses a “group  
coded recording” technique (GCR) which requires  
that a bit with a value of 1 he recorded onto  
the diskette within a given maximum period of  
time. This method has some very significant  
differences from other possible recording tech-  
niques, but all of these differences only occur  
at the hardware level of the computer. Once the  
data is presented to the software (by the hard-  
ware), no real difference can he detected.  
This appendix will not attempt to explain the  
OCR recording technique in the brief explanation  
of data recording which preceeds the software  
discussion. Instead, the “frequency modulated”  
recording technique (FM) will he substituted.  
This is due to a rather extensive difference in  
the complexity of explaining the two techniques.  
This will not hinder the remainder of the ex-  
planation since, as was already mentioned, dif-  
ferences from the software standpoint are com-  
pletely hidden by certain rules which must be  
obeyed when accessing Apple-type disk drives.  
In the frequency modulated recording technique,  
data written on and read back from the diskette  
takes the form shown in the figure to follow,  
which represents the binary data pattern 101.  
The clock bits and data bits are interleaved, as  
shown in the next figure. A data bit between  
two clock bits represents a binary 1. An ab-  
sence of that bit represents a binary 0. The  
period between the edge of one clock bit and the  
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edge of the next we will define as a “bit cell”.  
A byte would comprise eight consecutive bit  
cells, the most significant of which is normally  
referred to as cell 7 (with the least signifi—  
cant being cell 0). Data is written and read  
serially. During a write operation, bit cell 7  
of each byte would be written first and 0 last.  
when data is being read from the diskette the  
same sequence applies. The third figure illus-  
trates the relationship of bits within a byte.  
These diagrams are a representation of what  
occurs within the disk drive and controller  
card. For the purpose of these illustrations,  
the hardware interface to the diskette will be  
represented as an eight bit “data latch”.  
The final figure shows the three bits, 101,  
being transferred from the data stream into the  
data latch.  
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Fig. A-I: FM Recording Pattern  
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Fig. A-2: FM Bit Cell  
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APPEN. A - DISK I/O  
DATA BITS  
CLOCK BITS  
Fig. A-3: FM Byte Recording  
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APPEN. A - DISK I/O  
CONTROLLER SHIFT  
REGISTER  
DATA ON DISK  
Fig. A-4: Reading Data  
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APPEN. A - DISK I/O  
The following figure shows how writing data can  
be illustrated in the same way. The clock bits  
that were separated from the data must be inter-  
leaved with the data as it is written. Notice  
that, while in write mode, 0’s (zeros) are being  
brought into the data latch to replace data  
being written.  
The Software must ensure the latch is loaded and  
Instructed to write in 32 cycle intervals. If  
not, zero bits will continue to be written every  
four cycles which is how “self-sync” bytes (ex-  
plained later) are created.  
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CONTROLLER SHIFT  
REGISTER  
DATA ON DISK  
Fig. A-5: Writing Data  
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A.4. Fields  
The two types of fields on a diskette are the  
Address and the Data fields which both contain a  
prologue, data area, checksum, and epilogue.  
Each field on a track is separated from adjacent  
fields by a number of bytes, called “gaps”.  
All gaps are made up in the same way comprising  
self-sync hexadecimal FF‘s, and vary only in the  
number of bytes they contain.  
The first figure below shows a portion of a  
typical track divided into its major compo-  
rients.  
The three different types of gaps on a track are  
made up of self—sync or auto—sync bytes, so—  
called because they automatically bring the  
hardware into sync with data bytes on the disk—  
ette.  
A self-sync byte is defined to be a hexadecimal  
FF with a difference: it is a ten bit byte,  
rather than an eight bit byte. Its two extra  
bits are zeros, as shown in the second figure.  
A self—sync is generated by using a 40 cycle  
(slightly less than a microsecond) loop while  
writing an FF. A bit is written every four  
cycles, so two of the zero bits brought into the  
data latch while the FF was being written are  
also written to the disk, making the ten bit  
byte.  
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Fig. A-6: Track Fomatting  
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Normal Byte Hex FF  
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1  
Self-Sync Byte Hex FT  
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0  
Fig. A-7: Self-Sync Byte  
Five self-sync bytes are sufficient to show that  
the hardware is reading valid data because the  
hardware requires the first bit of a byte to be  
a 1 (an Apple-GCR restriction).  
As long as the disk is left in read mode, it  
will continue to correctly interpret the data  
unless there is an error on the track.  
A.5. Gaps  
The size of the three gap types will vary from  
drive to drive and even from track to track.  
During initialization (INIT) DOS will start with  
large gaps and make them smaller until a  
complete track can be written without overlap-  
ping itself.  
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A minimum of five self-sync bytes must be main-  
tained for each gap type, resulting in reason-  
ably uniform gap sizes within each track.  
A.5.1.Gap 1  
This is the first data written to a track during  
initialization. It originally comprises 128  
bytes of self—sync, a large enough area to en-  
sure that all parts of the track contain data.  
Since the speed of a particular drive may vary,  
the total length of the track in bytes is uncer—  
tam and the percentage occupied by data is  
unknown.  
The initialization process is set up so that,  
even on drives of differing speeds, the last  
data field written will overlap Gap 1, provid-  
ing continuity.  
A.5.2.Gap 2  
This appears after each Address field and before  
each Data field, its length varying from five to  
ten bytes on a normal drive. Gap 2 primarily  
provides time for the data in an Address field  
to be decoded before a read or write is ini—  
tiated.  
If the gap is too short, the start of the Data  
field could spin past while DOS was still won-  
dering if this was the sector to be read.  
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When a data field is written there is na guaran-  
tee that the write will occur in the same spot  
each time because the drive which is rewriting  
the data field may not be the one which actually  
INITed, or originally wrote it. Since the speed  
of the drives can vary, it is perfectly possible  
the write could start in mid-byte.  
Normally, when writing a data field, five self-  
sync bytes are written prior to writing the data  
field itself. This is because the five bytes  
help place the data field near its original  
location. Secondly, the five self-sync bytes are  
the minimum number required to guarantee  
read—synchronization, as demonstrated in the  
figure below:  
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Fig. A-8: Read Syncronizing  
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Probably, at least one sync byte will be des-  
troyed when writing a Data field because, just  
as in reading bits on a track, the write may not  
begin on a byte boundary, thus altering an ex-  
isting byte. See first figure below.  
A.5.3. Gap 3  
This appears after each data field and before  
each address field. Though it is similar to Gap  
2, it is longer, generally ranging from 14 to 24  
bytes in length. It allows the additional time  
necessary to handle the data before the next  
sector is read.  
The length of this Gap is not as vital as that  
of Gap 2 because the DOS can always wait for  
the next spin under the read/write head if the  
address field has been missed, a maximum one  
turn of the diskette. Since address fields are  
never rewritten, there is no problem with this  
gap providing sync, because only the first part  
of the gap can be overwritten or damaged, as  
demonstrated in the second figure.  
The address field contains the ‘address’ or  
identifying information about the data field  
which follows it. The volume, track, and sector  
number of any given sector can be thought of as  
its address. The third figure gives a more de-  
tailed illustration of its components.  
Page A-23  
 
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
APPEN. A - DISK I/O  
initially  
write begins here  
After Writing  
Fig. A-9: Unsyncronized Write  
Page A-24  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
APPEN. A - DISK I/O  
OLD  
DATA  
FIELD  
ADDRESS  
GAP 2  
GAP 3  
INFORMATION  
NEW  
DATA  
FIELD  
Fig. A-10: Data Field Shifting  
Page A-25  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
APPEN. A - DISK I/O  
D5 AA 96 XX YY XX YY XX YY XX YY DE AA EB  
Prologue  
Volume  
Track  
Sector Checksum  
Epilpgue  
4-plus-4 ENCODED  
DATA BYTE- D D D D D D D D  
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0  
XX- 1 D 1 D 1 D 1 D  
7
5
3
1
0
YY- 1 D 1 D 1 D 1 D  
6
4
2
Fig. A-11: Address Field  
Page A—26  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
APPEN. A - DISK I/O  
The prologue comprises three bytes which form an  
unique sequence found in no other component of  
the track, enabling DOS to locate an address  
field almost without chance of an error. The  
three bytes are $D5, $AA, and $96. The first  
two are reserved, thus ensuring the uniqueness  
of the prologue while the $96 indicates that the  
data following is an address field rather than a  
data field.  
The address information follows next, comprising  
volume, track, and sector numbers, and a check-  
sum, all of which is vital if DOS is to know  
where it is positioned on a particular diskette.  
The checksum is computed by exclusive-ORing the  
first three pieces of information and is used to  
verify its integrity.  
The epilogue contains the three bytes $DE, $AA,  
and $EB, the last one of which is always written  
during initialization but is never verified when  
an address field is read. The epilogue bytes  
are often referred to as "bit-slip marks" which  
provide assurance that the drive is still in  
sync with the bytes on the diskette. These bytes  
are not vital but are a useful double-  
check. Like the address field, the data field  
comprises a prologue, data, checksum, and an  
epilogue as shown in following figure.  
Page A-27  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
APPEN. A - DISK I/O  
D5 AA AD 342 BYTES DATA xx DE AA EB  
Prologue  
Data(16 Sector) Checksum  
Epilougue  
Fig. A-12: Data Field  
Page A—28  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
APPEN. A - DISK I/O  
The prologue differs in the third byte. The  
bytes are $D5, $AA and $AD also forming an  
unique sequence which enables DOS to locate the  
start of the sector’s data, which consists of  
342 (GCR) encoded bytes, and is followed by a  
checksum byte used to verify the integrity of  
the field just read. The epilogue is identical  
in its function to that in the Address field.  
A. 6. Data Field Encoding  
Since it is not possible to read all 256 possi-  
ble byte values (an Apple-GCR restriction), data  
written to the diskette must be encoded. This is  
done in three different ways:  
1. This first method, currently used in address  
fields, involves writing a data byte as two disk  
bytes. One contains even bits, the other the  
odd bits, thus requiring 512 “disk” bytes for  
each 256 byte sector of data. Using this tech-  
nique for sector data provides for no more than  
10 sectors per track (about 88K of data per  
diskette, or 72K of space available to the user;  
typical for 5 7/4K single density drives).  
Encoding the data in this way would be very  
similar to the frequency modulated encoding of  
data.  
2. The second method allows 12 sectors per  
track. It involves a 5-plus-3 split of the data  
bits (as opposed to a 4—plus—4). Each byte  
written to the diskette contains five actual  
data bits, rather than four, thus requiring 410  
Page A-29  
 
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
APPEN. A - DISK I/O  
“disk” bytes to store a 256 byte sector permit-  
ting a full 13 sectors per track.  
3. A hardware modification (the P6 PROM on  
Apple’s Disk II controller card) allowed the  
development of 16 sectors per track, providing a  
23% increase in storage over the 13 sector for-  
mat. This is possible because of a 6-plus—2  
split of the data, and the PROM allowing two  
consecutive zero bits in data bytes.  
The storage and retrieval of information had  
been restricted in 13 sector format by the re-  
quirement that a disk byte have the high bit set  
and, in addition, no two consecutive bits could  
be zero. The odd-even 4-plus-4 technique meets  
these requirements. Each data byte is repre-  
sented as two bytes, containing odd and even  
bits respectively. (See first figure.) Note  
that the unused bits are all set to one to  
guarantee meeting the two requirements.  
The 4—plus—4 technique is used to store the  
information (volume, track, sector, checksum)  
contained in the address field. It is quite  
easy to decode the data, since the byte with the  
odd bits is simply shifted left and logically  
ANDed with the byte containing the even bits as  
shown in the second figure.  
The major difficulty with the above technique is  
that it occupies a lot of space on the track, so  
the 5—plus—3 technique was developed, so named  
because it splits the bytes into five bits plus  
three bits and not in half as with the above.  
Page A-30  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
APPEN. A - DISK I/O  
ON DISK  
1 D 1 D 1 D 1 D  
1
IN MEMORY  
7
5
3
D D D D D D D D  
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1 D 1 D 1 D 1 D  
6
4
2
0
Fig. A-13: 4-plus-4 Encoding  
Page A-31  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
APPEN. A - DISK I/O  
D 1 D 1 D 1 D 1 SHIFT LEFT  
7
5
3
1
1 D 1 D 1 D 1 D  
6
4
2
0
D D D D D D D D  
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Fig. A-14: 4—plus-4 Decoding  
Page A-32  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
APPEN. A - DISK I/O  
A byte would have the form OOOXXXXX where X is a  
valid data bit. This byte could range in value  
from $00 to $1F, a total of 32 different values.  
There are 34 valId “disk” bytes, ranging from  
$AA to $FF, which meet the two requirements  
(high bit set, no consecutive zero bits). Two  
bytes, $D5 and $AA are reserved bytes thus al—  
lowing an exact mapping between five bit data  
bytes and eight bit “disk” bytes.  
The 256 bytes that will make up a sector must be  
translated to five bit bytes by a special “pre—  
nibble” routine within DOS‘s RWTS which involves  
bit rearrangement. The figure below, shows the  
before and after of the routine. On the left is  
a buffer of eight bit data bytes. Each byte in  
this buffer is given a letter (A, B, C, etc) and  
each bit a number (7 through 0). The right side  
shows the results of the transformation. The  
primary buffer contains five distinct areas of  
five bit bytes (the top three bits of the eight  
bit bytes zero filled) and the secondary buffer  
contains three areas which gave rise to the 5-  
plus—3 name.  
Page A-33  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
APPEN. A - DISK I/O  
800  
833  
0 0 0 A A A A A  
3
7
6
5
4
A A A A A A A A  
0 0 0 B B B B B  
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
866  
7
6
5
4
3
B B B B B B B B  
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
C C C C C C C C  
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
D D D D D D D D  
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0 0 0 C C C C C  
899  
800  
7
6
5
4
3
E E E E E E E E  
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0 0 0 D D D D D  
7
6
5
4
3
0 0 0 E E E E E  
7
6
5
4
3
900  
933  
0 0 0 A A A D E  
2
1
0
2
2
0 0 0 B B B D E  
966  
999  
2
1
0
1
1
0 0 0 C C C D E  
2
1
0
0
0
Fig. A-15: 5-plus-3 Encodng  
Page A-34  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
APPEN. A - DISK I/O  
A total of 410 bytes is necessary to store the  
original 256. This is calculated by finding the  
total bits of data (256 x 8 = 2048) and dividing  
by the number of bits per byte (2048 / 5 =  
409.6) with two bits being unused. The data is  
then transformed to valid “disk” bytes. This  
involves simply looking at the following table.  
Nybblized Data = Disk Byte  
00 = AB  
01 = AD  
02 = AE  
03 = AF  
04 = B5  
05 = B6  
06 = B7  
07 = BA  
08 = BB  
09 = BD  
0A = BE  
0S = BF  
0C = D6  
0D = D7  
0E = DA  
0F = DB  
10 = DD  
11 = DE  
12 = DF  
13 = EA  
14 = EB  
15 = ED  
16 = EE  
17 = EF  
18 = F5  
19 = F6  
lA = F7  
1B = FA  
1C = FB  
1D = FD  
1E = FE  
1F = FF  
* AA and D5 are reserved bytes  
Fig. A-16: 5-plus-3 Conversion Table  
Page A-35  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
APPEN. A - DISK I/O  
The data field has a checksum, similar to that  
in the address field, to verify data. It also  
involves exclusive-ORing data in pairs before it  
is transformed by the look-up table above, best  
illustrated by the figures below.  
The read routine must read a byte, transform it  
and store it, all in less than 32 cycles (time  
to write a byte) or the information is lost. A  
checksum computation to decode data greatly  
speeds up the operation. As data is read from a  
sector, the accumulator contains the cumulative  
result of all previous bytes exclusive-ORed  
together. The value of the accumulator after  
any exclusive-OR is the actual data byte for  
that point in the series. (Second figure.)  
A third encoding technique, similar to the 5-  
plus—3, still calls for the high bit to be set  
but the byte may now contain one (and only one)  
pair of consecutive zeros. This allows a great-  
er number of valid bytes and permits the use of  
a 6-plus—2 technique.  
A six bit byte would have the form OOXXXXXX with  
values $00 to $3F for a total of 64 different  
values. With the relaxed requirements for valid  
“disk” bytes, there are 69 different bytes ($96  
to $FF). After removing the two reserved bytes  
($AA and $D5) there are 67 “disk” bytes with  
just 64 needed. With the mapping one to one  
(with at least two adjacent bits set, excluding  
bit 7) exactly 64 valid “disk” values are left.  
The initial transformation is achieved by the  
new prenibble routine with the results shown in  
the last figure.  
Page A-36  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
APPEN. A - DISK I/O  
MEMORY  
DISK  
DATA  
NYBBLES  
0
Byte 00  
EOR  
955  
955  
Byte 01  
Byte 02  
EOR  
954  
954  
EOR  
953  
901  
Byte 85  
Byte 86  
EOR  
900  
900  
EOR  
800  
800  
EOR  
Byte 87  
Byte 88  
801  
801  
EOR  
802  
8FD  
Byte 340  
Byte 341  
EOR  
8FE  
8FE  
EOR  
8FF  
Byte 342  
(checksum) 8FF  
Fig. A-17: Data Encoding  
Page A-37  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
APPEN. A - DISK I/O  
EFFECTIVE  
ACTION  
MEMORY  
DISK DATA  
BYTE 00 ->  
BYTE O1 ->  
BYTE 02 ->  
NYBBLES  
-> $855  
-> $854  
-> $853  
-> EOR 0  
-> EOR $855  
-> EOR $854  
6-plus-2  
D
E
C
O
D
I
N
G
BYTE 85 ->  
BYTE 86 ->  
BYTE 87 ->  
BYTE 88 ->  
-> EOR $801  
-> EOR $800  
-> EOR $800  
-> EOR $801  
-> $800  
-> $800  
-> $801  
-> $802  
TABLE  
BYTE 340 ->  
BYTE 341 ->  
BYTE 342 ->  
-> EOR $8FD  
-> EOR $8FE  
-> EOR $8FF  
-> $8FE  
-> $8FF  
valid  
-> 0 if data is  
FIG. A-18: DATA DECODING  
Page A-38  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
APPEN. A - DISK I/O  
800  
900  
956  
Fig. A-19: 6-plus—2 Encoding  
Page A-39  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
APPEN. A - DISK I/O  
A total of 342 bytes are needed, shown by find-  
ing the total number of bits (256 x 8 = 2048)  
and dividing by the number of bits per byte  
(2048 / 6 = 341.33). The transformation from the  
six bit bytes to valid data bytes is also  
performed by a one to one mapping, illustrated  
in the figure below.  
Again, the stream of data bytes written to the  
diskette are a product of exciusive-ORs, similar  
to the 5-plus-3 technique shown above.  
Nybblized Data = Disk Byte  
00 = 96  
01 = 97  
02 = 9A  
03 = 9B  
04 = 9D  
05 = 9E  
06 = 9F  
07 = A6  
08 = A7  
09 = AB  
0A = AC  
0B = AD  
0C = AE  
0D = AF  
0E = B2  
0F = B3  
10 = B4  
11 = B5  
12 = B6  
13 = B7  
14 = B9  
15 = BA  
16 = BB  
17 = BC  
18 = BD  
19 = BE  
lA = BF  
lB = CD  
1C = CD  
1D = CE  
lB = CF  
1F = D3  
20 = D6 30 = ED  
21 = D7 31 = EE  
22 = D9 32 = EF  
23 = DA 33 = F2  
24 = DE 34 = F3  
25 = DC 35 = F4  
26 = DD 36 = F5  
27 = DE 37 = F6  
28 = DF 38 = F7  
29 = E5 39 = F9  
2A = E6 3A = FA  
2B = E7 3B = FB  
2C = E9 3C = FC  
2D = EA 3D = FD  
2E = EB 3E = FE  
2F = EC 3F = FF  
* AA and D5 are reserved bytes.  
Fig. A-20: 6-plus-2 Conversion Table  
Page A-40  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
APPEN. A - DISK I/O  
A. 7. Sector Interleaving  
This process involves staggering sectors on a  
track to improve access times. There is usually  
a delay between reading or writing one sector  
and reading or writing the next sector. This  
delay usually depends on the user’s program and  
can vary greatly.  
If sectors are stored in numerically ascending  
order, it may take a full revolution of the  
diskette before the next sector can be accessed  
(unless the application was extremely fast).  
Rearranging the sectors into a different order  
(interleaving) speeds up accessing.  
On DOS 3.2.1 and earlier versions, the 13 sec-  
tors are physically interleaved on the diskette.  
Since DOS is booted from ascending sequential  
sectors and files are generally stored in de-  
scending sector order, no single interleaving  
technique works well for both booting and se-  
quentially accessing a file.  
To maximize performance in DOS 3.3, the inter-  
leaving is done in the software. The 16 sectors  
are placed on the diskette in numerically  
ascending order and are not physically inter-  
leaved. A table is used to translate the phys-  
ical sector number into a soft sector number  
used by DOS.  
Page A-41  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
APPEN. A - DISK I/O  
For example, if the sector number found on a  
disk were a 2, this is used as an offset into a  
table where the number $0B is found. Thus DOS  
treats the physical sector 2 as sector 11 ($0B),  
presenting no problem If RWTS is used for disk  
access.  
To eliminate access differences between reading  
and booting files, DOS is actually loaded back-  
wards into memory in descending sequential order  
during booting, just as files are accessed.  
Thus, one interleaving cuts disk access time.  
DOS, CP/M, and Pascal diskettes all use software  
interleaving though each uses a different sector  
order. The figure below gives the standard in-  
terleave tables for each operating system.  
For the dual headed Elite Two and Three drives,  
the sector interleaving tables within the  
Rana enhanced operating systems are extended to  
a full 32 sectors. This is due to the fact that  
the enhanced operating systems treat each  
cylinder as a single track, with sectors 0-15 on  
the first side (or first true track) and sectors  
16—31 on the second side (or second true track).  
Due to the way in which the Rana dual headed  
diskette formatting utilities operate, it is not  
sensible to interleave sectors between the two  
sides of the diskette. Therefore the sectors on  
the first side are interleaved with themselves,  
and the sectors on the second side are inter-  
leaved with themselves.  
Page A-42  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
APPEN. A - DISK I/O  
Disk DOS CP/M Pas. Disk DOS CP/M Pas.  
00 00  
01 13  
02 11  
03 09  
04 07  
05 05  
06 03  
07 01  
08 14  
09 12  
10 10  
11 08  
12 06  
13 04  
14 02  
15 15  
00 00  
03 02  
06 04  
09 06  
12 08  
15 10  
02 12  
05 14  
08 01  
11 03  
14 05  
01 07  
04 09  
07 11  
10 13  
13 15  
16  
17  
18  
19  
20  
21  
22  
23  
24  
25  
26  
27  
28  
29  
30  
31  
16 16  
29 29  
27 22  
25 25  
23 28  
21 31  
19 18  
17 21  
30 24  
28 27  
26 30  
24 17  
22 20  
20 23  
18 26  
31 29  
16  
18  
20  
22  
24  
26  
28  
30  
17  
19  
21  
23  
25  
27  
29  
31  
Fig. A-21: Standard Systen Interleaves  
Page A-43  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
APPEN. A - DISK I/O  
This page intentionally left blank.  
Page A—44  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
APPEN. B - DOS NOTES  
B. DOS TECHNICAL NOTES  
This section reveals the extensions and altera-  
tions made to certain DOS calls. If you are not  
a machine/assembly language programmer, this  
section will probably make little sense to you.  
None of this information need be understood to  
use the enhanced DOS.  
The information outlined in this section is  
proprietary to Rana Systems. It is supplied to  
you strictly for your own enlightenment. If you  
wish to make use of this information for your  
own private non-commercial purposes, please feel  
free. However, due to the fact that this infor-  
mation extends beyond the point of normal DOS  
usage, Rana Systems will not furnish any addi-  
tional support concerning the information pro-  
vided in this section.  
This section relies upon the reader being famil-  
iar with interfacing programs to the three main  
segments of DOS. Information concerning these  
interfaces is split between two manuals: Apple’s  
The DOS Manual and Quality Software’s Beneath  
Apple DOS. Quality Software’s manual is by far  
the more informative concerning machine level  
interfacing to the DOS File Manager and RWTS,  
while it leaves the explanation of the Command  
Interpreter’s text commands to Apple’s manual.  
Page B-1  
 
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
APPEN. B - DOS NOTES  
B.1. Command Interpreter Alterations  
There are only two changes made to the command  
interpreter from the user’s or program’s point  
of view. The first is to allow the specifica-  
tion of a “,D3” or “,D4” parameter on commands.  
This allows the user to specify the third or  
fourth drive on an Elite Controller.  
The second alteration was to "shut down the  
command interpreter’s INIT. This was necessary  
since the majority of the diskette initializa-  
tion code (located in the File Manager and RWTS)  
could not be supported for all four drive types  
(three Rana Elites and one Apple Disk II).  
When an INIT command is issued under an unen—  
hanced DOS, it does three things: first, the  
RWTS section formats the diskette leaving all  
sectors empty; second, the File Manager initial-  
izes the VTOC and directory sectors and then  
places a slave copy of DOS onto the diskette so  
it can be booted; and last, the command inter-  
preter performs a SAVE command to save the hello  
file which was in memory at the time.  
Under the modified DOS, the only thing which  
will happen is the "SAVE”. - This permits the  
user to pre-format a diskette with the supplied  
FORMAT utility, and then use that diskette to  
fool any application program which may insist  
upon issuing an "INIT” command. Note that the  
hello file name specified when using FORMAT will  
not be changed should a different name be used  
when the “INIT’ command is issued. However, the  
file saved by issuing the “INIT” command will be  
Page B-2  
 
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
APPEN. B - DOS NOTES  
under the name specified on the “INIT” command.  
B. 2. File Manager Alterations  
The only alteration from a program interface  
standpoint to the File Manager was to shut down  
the disk initialization function call. This was  
done simply by having the File Manager return  
back to the caller without performing the ini-  
tialization. The File Manager will return a “no  
error” condition so that the program making the  
call can continue.  
The File Manager was originally willing to ac-  
cept a specification of drive 3 or 4 without any  
complaints. For the most part, the File Manager  
assumes that the calling program knows what it  
is talking about and isn't supplying invalid  
parameters.  
B. 3. RWTS Alterations  
The major change to the RWTS calling interface  
is identical to the change~ made to the File  
Manager. When a call to initialize a diskette  
is made to the RWTS, a simple “no error” return  
will be performed.  
Apart from the ignoring of the initialize func-  
tion call, RWTS also has an extension to the “no  
operation” function call. (“No operation” ac-  
tually means that RWTS is to seek the head to  
Page B—3  
 
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
APPEN. B - DOS NOTES  
the desired track and nothing else.) When a “no  
Operation” call is made to the enhanced RWTS,  
and the sector number in the RWTS parameter list  
is set to $FF, a “formatting error” ($08) will  
be returned and the carry flag set. This is a  
way for the application program to determine  
whether or not an enhanced DOS is currently in  
use since a non—enhanced DOS would not care  
about the sector number during a “no operation”  
call.  
The enhanced DOS will return the error condition  
without selecting any drives or performing any  
seeks. in addition, the [AY] register pair will  
be returned pointing to the base address of the  
drive configuration table located within the  
enhanced DOS.  
The configuration table is 28 bytes Long, pro-  
viding a one byte entry for each of the 4 drives  
per 7 slots of controller cards possible. The  
entry at [AY]+$00 is for slot 1 drive 1,  
[AY)+$01 is for slot 1 drive 2, [AY]+$1A is for  
slot 7 drive 3, and [Ay]+$1B is for slot 7 drive  
4.  
Page B-4  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
APPEN. B - DOS NOTES  
The high four bits (7-4) of each entry are the  
drive type code, the next three bits (3-1) are  
the seek rate code, and the low bit (0) is the  
single phase per cylinder flag.  
0000 XXXX = Disk II  
0001 XXYX = Elite One  
0010 XXXX = Elite Two  
0011 XXXX = Elite Three  
XXXX 000X = Spiral Cam Seek Rate  
XXXX 001X = Lead Screw Seek Rate  
XXXX 0l0X = Band Pulley Seek Rate  
XXXX XXX0 = Two Phases per Cylinder  
XXXX XXX1 = One Phase per Cylinder  
An additional piece of information can also be  
obtained by using the [AY] pointer returned by  
the enhanced DOS. That is the version number of  
the enhancements applied to the DOS in use. It  
is stored as a word at location [AY]+$1C and  
[AY]$ iD, low byte first, high byte last. The  
version is kept in binary coded decimal (BCD) in  
which the hexadecimal digits $WXYZ would repre-  
sent the version number WX.YZ. The low byte (YZ)  
is the minor revision number, and the high byte  
(WX) is the major revision number.  
Page B—5  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
APPEN. B - DOS NOTES  
This page intentionally left blank.  
Page B-6  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
APPEN. C - CP/M NOTES  
C. CP/M TECHNICAL NOTES  
This section reveals the extensions made to  
certain CP/M Z80 BIOS calls and 6502 RWTS calls.  
If you are not a machine/assembly language pro-  
grammer, this section will probably make little  
sense to you. None of this information need be  
understood to use the enhanced CP/M.  
The information outlined in this section is  
proprietary to Rana Systems. It is supplied to  
you strictly for your own enlightenment. If you  
wish to make use of this information for your  
own private non-commercial purposes, please feel  
free. However, due to the fact that this infor-  
mation extends beyond the point of normal CP/M  
usage, Rana Systems will not furnish any addi-  
tional support concerning the information pro-  
vided in this section.  
This section relies upon the reader being famil-  
iar with Digital Research’s CP/M 2.2 Alteration  
Guide. The Alteration Guide is not provided by  
Microsoft in the Apple II CP/M manuals primarily  
because the implementing of CP/M on an Apple is  
far more complex than for the standard Z8O/8080  
computers on which Digital Research’s guide is  
based.  
Page C-1  
 
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
APPEN. C - CP/M NOTES  
C.1. Z8O BIOS Call Extensions  
The only BIOS call which has had extensions made  
to it is the SELDSK vector (BOOT+1BH). Digital  
Research defines that, prior to calling, the  
[C] register is to be loaded with the drive  
number (0-15=A:-P:) which is to be used for any  
further disk I/O calls. The remaining registers  
should be assumed to be in an undefined state.  
Upon return, [HL] must contain the address of  
the disk parameter header (DPH) associated with  
that drive provided the drive can be selected  
(if it exists). If the drive is not selectable,  
then [HL] must return containing OOOOH. The  
remaining registers (including [C]) can be unde-  
fined upon return.  
Since CP/M is an 8080 operating system, Digital  
Reseach makes no declarations concerning the Z80  
[IX] and [IY] registers.  
Under the enhanced CP/M the [DE], [IX], and [IY]  
registers will return standard values which will  
normally be ignored by standard CP/M software.  
The [DE] register will return containing the  
address of DPBASE, which is the base address of  
the disk parameter header table as described in  
the Alterations Guide. Due to memory limita-  
tions, there are only eight DPWs which limits  
CP/M to only drives A:-H:. This is an increase  
from the original Microsoft distribution system  
which only had space for six DPH’s.  
Page C-2  
 
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
APPEN. C - CP/M NOTES  
The [IX] register will return pointing to the  
slot number times 16 for the controller to which  
drive [C] is attached. The drive number of  
drive [C] on that controller card will be at  
[IX]+16. These values are within a drive  
mapping table described below.  
The [IY) register will return pointing to drive  
[C]’s seek table entry. The seek table is also  
described below. Important: The seek table is  
located in the alternate bank of the ramcard  
(remember, 56K system required). The alternate  
bank of the ramcard will normally be mapped-out  
(primary bank mapped-in) whenever the BIOS is  
not in control of the system (since its the only  
one expecting an alternate bank). To access the  
seek tables, the alternate bank must be mapped-  
in and then back out while leaving the ramcard  
write enabled.  
C. 2. Drive Mapping Table  
The original Apple II CP/M as distributed by  
Microsoft assumed that there were. only two  
drives for every controller card it found in the  
Apple. This allowed the BIOS to do some quick  
and simple math to calculate where it could find  
the physical drive (slot and drive number)  
associate with CP/M’s logical drive (A:—P:).  
Since the Rana enhancements take into account  
any combination of Rana four-drive Elite  
Controllers and Apple two-drive Disk II  
controllers, quick and simple math was no longer  
Page C-3  
 
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
APPEN. C - CP/M NOTES  
possible. Replacing the simple math is a drive  
mapping table which is dynamically filled-in  
during the boot process with the physical slot  
and drive numbers for each of the 16 possible  
CP/M logical drives. (Note: The table has room  
for 16 drive entries, but there are only enough  
DPH’s allocated for 8 drives.)  
The cold start initialization code scans all  
cards in the Apple and determines which are Disk  
IX controllers, which are Elite Controllers, and  
which are non-disk I/O cards. The scanning goes  
in reverse order from slot 7 back down to slot  
1. Whenever a disk controller is found, the  
next two or four CP/M logical drives (depending  
on which controller was found) are mapped (in  
the mapping table) to that controller card ‘s  
drives.  
The mapping table consists of two parts: the  
slot numbers times 16 for each of the CP/M  
drives (A:-P:), followed by the drive number of  
the controller for the 16 CP/M drives. Both  
parts consist of single byte elements. If the  
SELDSK vector is called with [C] equal to 0  
(drive A:), then [IX] will return pointing to  
drive A:’s slot*16 entry which is also the base  
address of the mapping table. Drive A: ‘s drive  
number of that controller card can be found at  
[IX]+ 16.  
Page C-4  
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
APPEN. C - CP/M NOTES  
C.3. Seek Configuration Table  
The seek table is what informs the 6502 RWTS  
disk drivers of the head movement character-  
istics of each drive. The table contains 16  
entries, one for each CP/M logical drive. The  
SELDSK vector will return the [IY] register  
pointing to drive [C]’s entry within the table.  
The base of the table is drive A: ‘s entry, and  
each entry is a single byte.  
Bits 7 (MSB) through 1 determine the seek speed  
used when seeking the drive from cylinder to  
cylinder. Bit 0 (LSB) is the single phase per  
cylinder flag hit.  
0000 000X = Spiral Cam Seek Rate  
0000 001X = Lead Screw Seek Rate  
0000 0l0X = Band Pulley Seek Rate  
XXXX XXX0 = Two Phases per Cylinder  
XXYX XXX1 = One Phase per Cylinder  
Page C-5  
 
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
APPEN. C - CP/M NOTES  
C.4. 6502 RWTS Alterations  
The calling protocol is unchanged for the 6502  
RWTS disk drivers. The only difference is that  
sector numbers from 16—31 will result in the  
enhanced RWTS trying to access the second head  
on the drive, which would only be effective for  
the Elite Two and Elite Three. Also, a request  
for drive 3 or 4 will cause the RWTS to try to  
access the second hank of an Elite Controller  
regardless of the controller card in use. This  
will result in reselecting drive 1 or 2 on a  
Disk II controller without the software really  
being aware of the difference.  
When the RWTS attempts to determine the seek  
rate to use on the drive, it takes the slot*16  
and drive values it was given and scans the  
drive map table in the BIOS to determine the  
logical CP/M drive being accessed. It then uses  
this logical drive number to index the seek  
configuration table. This is the reason for  
supplying seek configuration tables with entries  
for all 16 possible drives, even though CP/M  
itself is only supplied with 8 drives worth of  
DPH’s.  
Under normal use, the drive mapping table would  
not be altered dynamically by a user (transient)  
program; but if for some reason it is, then the  
program doing the altering must keep in mind how  
the RWTS seek drivers index the tables (as ex-  
plained above).  
Page C-6  
 
ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL  
APPEN. D  
D. APPENDI X D  
Thi s a ppe ndi x s e c t i on ha s be e n i nt e nt i ona l l y  
omi t t e d.  
Page D- 1  
 

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