This document is a condensed version of the full Product Reference Manual.
This version only includes the Maxtor Information about the Product. Information
that can be found in the ANSI specification is not included in this document to
reduce its over all size. Also eliminated are the Table of Contents and Glossary.
This condensed version is created to allow faster downloading from Maxtor's
Internet home page and MaxFax services.
DiamondMax™Plus2500
91000D8, 90910D8, 90875D7, 90840D7
90750D6, 90625D5 and 90500D4
Part #1402/A
All material contained herein Copyright © 1998 Maxtor Corporation.
DiamondMax™, DiamondMax™ 1280, DiamondMax™ 1750, Diamond-
Max™ 2160, DiamondMax™ 2880, DiamondMax™ Plus 2500 and Max-
Fax™ are trademarks of Maxtor Corporation. No Quibble® Service is a
registered trademark of Maxtor Corporation. Other brands or products are
trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. Contents
and specifications subject to change without notice. All rights reserved.
Printed in the U.S.A. 5/98
Corporate Headquarters
510 Cottonwood Drive
Milpitas, California 95035
Tel: 408-432-1700
Fax: 408-432-4510
Research and Development
Engineering Center
2190 Miller Drive
Longmont, Colorado 80501
Tel: 303-651-6000
Fax: 303-678-2165
BeforeYou Begin
Thank you for your interest in the Maxtor DiamondMax™ Plus 2500 AT hard disk drives. This manual provides
technical information for OEM engineers and systems integrators regarding the installation and use of DiamondMax
hard drives Drive repair should be performed only at an authorized repair center. For repair information, contact
theMaxtorCustomerServiceCenterat800-2MAXTORor408-432-1700.
Before unpacking the hard drive, please review Sections 1 through 4.
CAUTION
Maxtor DiamondMax Plus 2500 hard drives are precision products. Failure to
follow these precautions and guidelines outlined here may lead to
product failure, damage and invalidation of all warranties.
1
2
BEFOREunpackingorhandlingadrive,takeallproperelectro-staticdischarge(ESD)
precautions,includingpersonnelandequipmentgrounding.Stand-alonedrivesaresensitiveto
ESDdamage.
BEFOREremovingdrivesfromtheirpackingmaterial,allowthemtoreachroom
temperature.
3
4
Duringhandling,NEVERdrop,jar,orbumpadrive.
OnceadriveisremovedfromtheMaxtorshippingcontainer,IMMEDIATELYsecurethedrive
throughitsmountingholeswithinachassis.Otherwise,storethedriveonapadded,grounded,
antistaticsurface.
5
NEVERswitchDCpowerontothedrivebyplugginganelectricallyliveDCsourcecableinto
thedrive'sconnector.NEVERconnectalivebustothedrive'sinterfaceconnector.
Please do not remove or cover up Maxtor factory-installed drive labels.
They contain information required should the drive ever need repair.
DIAMONDMAXPLUS2500–INTRODUCTION
SECTION 1
Introduction
Maxtor Corporation
Maxtor Corporation has been providing high-quality computer storage products since 1982. Along the way,
we’ve seen many changes in data storage needs. Not long ago, only a handful of specific users needed more than
a couple hundred megabytes of storage. Today, downloading from the Internet and CD-ROMs, multimedia,
networking and advanced office applications are driving storage needs even higher. Even home PC applications
need capacities measured in gigabytes, not megabytes.
Products
Maxtor’s products meet those demanding storage capacity requirements with room to spare. They feature
proven compatibility and reliability. While DiamondMax™ Plus 2500 is the latest addition to our family of
high performance desktop hard drives, the DiamondMax™ 3400, DiamondMax™ 2880 and DiamondMax™
2160 series hard drives deliver industry-leading capacity, performance and value for many PC applications.
Support
No matter which capacity, all Maxtor hard drives are supported by our commitment to total customer
satisfaction and our No Quibble® Service guarantee. One call – or a visit to our home page on the Internet
(http://www.maxtor.com) – puts you in touch with either technical support or customer service. We’ll
provide you the information you need quickly, accurately and in the form you prefer – a fax, a downloaded
file or a conversation with a representative.
Manual Organization
This hard disk drive reference manual is organized in the following method:
❏ Section 1 – Introduction
❏ Section 2 – Description
❏ Section 3 – Specifications
❏ Section 4 – Installation
❏ Section 5 – AT Interface
❏ Section 6 – Host Software Interface
❏ Section 7 – Interface Commands
❏ Section 8 – Service and Support
❏ Appendix – Glossary
Abbreviations
ABBRV DESCRIPTION
ABBRV DESCRIPTION
ATA AT attachment
bpi bits per inch
MB megabyte
Mbits/sec megabits per second
CHS cylinder - head - sector
db decibels
MB/sec megabytes per second
MHz megahertz
dBA decibels, A weighted
DMA direct memory access
ECC error correction code
fci flux changes per inch
ms millisecond
MSB most significant bit
mV millivolts
ns nanoseconds
G
acceleration
PIO programmed input/output
RPM revolutions per minute
tpi tracks per inch
GB gigabyte
Hz hertz
KB kilobyte
UDMA ultra direct memory access
µsec microsecond
LBA logical block address(ing)
LSB least significant bit
mA milliamperes
V
volts
W
watts
1 – 4
DIAMONDMAXPLUS2500–INTRODUCTION
Conventions
If there is a conflict between text and tables, the table shall be accepted as being correct.
Key Words
The names of abbreviations, commands, fields and acronyms used as signal names are in all uppercase type
(e.g., IDENTIFY DRIVE). Fields containing only one bit are usually referred to as the “name” bit instead of
the “name” field.
Names of drive registers begin with a capital letter (e.g., Cylinder High register).
Numbering
Numbers that are not followed by a lowercase “b” or “h” are decimal values. Numbers that are followed by
a lowercase “b” (e.g., 01b) are binary values. Numbers that are followed by a lowercase “h” (e.g., 3Ah) are
hexadecimal values.
Signal Conventions
Signal names are shown in all uppercase type.
All signals are either high active or low active signals. A dash character (-) at the end of a signal name
indicates that the signal is low active. A low active signal is true when it is below ViL and is false when it is
above ViH. A signal without a dash at the end indicates that the signal is high active. A high active signal is
true when it is above ViH and is false when it is below ViL.
When a signal is asserted, it means the signal is driven by an active circuit to its true state.
When a signal is negated, it means the signal is driven by an active circuit to its false state.
When a signal is released, it means the signal is not actively driven to any state. Some signals have bias
circuitry that pull the signal to either a true or false state when no signal driver is actively asserting or negating
the signal. These instances are noted under the description of the signal.
1 – 5
SECTION 2
Product Description
Maxtor DiamondMax™ Plus 2500 AT disk drives are 1-inch high, 3.5-inch diameter random access storage
devices which incorporate an on-board ATA/Ultra DMA controller. High capacity is achieved by a balanced
combination of high areal recording density and the latest data encoding and servo techniques.
Maxtor's latest advancements in electronic packaging and integration methods have lowered the drive's power
consumption and increased its reliability. Advanced magneto-resistive read/write heads, an state-of-the-art head/
disk assembly using an integrated motor/spindle design allow up to four disks in a 3.5-inch package.
Exceptionally high data transfer rates and 9.0 ms access times make these performance series disk drives especially
well-suited to high speed desktop and server applications.
DiamondMax Plus 2500 Key Features
ANSI ATA-4 compliant PIO Mode 4 interface (Enhanced IDE)
Supports Ultra DMA Mode 2 for up to 33 MB/sec data transfers
512 KB buffer with multi-adaptive cache manager
9.0 ms seek time
Zone density and I.D.-less recording
High reliability with > 500,000 hour MTBF
Outstanding shock resistance at 200 Gs
High durability with 50 K constant start/stop cycles
Advanced multi-burst on-the-fly Error Correction Code (ECC)
Extended data integrity with ECC protected data and fault tolerant servo synchronization fields
Supports EPA Energy Star Standards (Green PC Friendly) with ATA powering savings commands
Auto park and lock actuator mechanism
Low power consumption
S.M.A.R.T. Capability
Note: Maxtor defines one megabyte as 106 or one million bytes (1,000,000) and one gigabyte as 109 or one billion bytes (1,000,000,000).
2 – 1
PRODUCTDESCRIPTION
Product Features
Functional / Interface
Maxtor DiamondMax™ Plus 2500 hard drives contain all necessary mechanical and electronic parts to interpret
control signals and commands from an AT-compatible host computer. See Section 3 Product Specifications, for
complete drive specifications.
Zone Density Recording
The disk capacity is increased with bit density management – common with Zone Density Recording. Each
disk surface is divided into 16 circumferential zones. All tracks within a given zone contain a constant
number of data sectors. The number of data sectors per track varies in different zones; the outermost zone
contains the largest number of data sectors and the innermost contains the fewest.
Read/Write Multiple Mode
This mode is implemented per ANSI ATA/ATAPI-4 specification. Read/Write Multiple allows the host to
transfer a set number of sectors without an interrupt request between them, reducing transfer process
overhead and improving host performance.
UltraDMA - Mode 2
Maxtor DiamondMax Plus 2500 hard drives fully comply with the new ANSI Ultra DMA protocol, which
greatly improves overall AT interface performance by significantly improving burst and sustained data
throughput.
Multi-word DMA (EISA Type B) - Mode 2
Supports multi-word Direct Memory Access (DMA) EISA Type B mode transfers.
Sector Address Translation
All DiamondMax Plus 2500 drives feature a universal translate mode. In an AT/EISA-class system, the drive
may be configured to any specified combination of cylinders, heads and sectors (within the range of the
drive's formatted capacity). DiamondMax Plus 2500 drives power-up in a translate mode:
MODEL
91000D8
90910D8
90875D7
90840D7
90750D6
90625D5
90500D4
CYL
HD
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
SPT
63
63
63
63
63
63
63
LZone
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
WPcom
(*)
CAPACITY
10.00 GB
9.10 GB
8.75 GB
8.40 GB
7.50 GB
MAX LBA
19,545,120
17,786,160
17,101,728
16,407,216
14,658,336
12,215,952
9,772,560
19,390
17,645
16,966
16,277
14,542
12,119
9,695
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
6.25 GB
5.00 GB
(*) The fields LZone (Landing Zone) and WPcom (Write Pre-comp) are not used by the Maxtor hard drive
and the values may be either 0 or the values set by the BIOS. All capacities listed in the above table are based
on 106 or one million bytes.
2 – 2
PRODUCTDESCRIPTION
Logical Block Addressing
The Logical Block Address (LBA) mode can only be utilized in systems that support this form of translation.
The cylinder, head and sector geometry of the drive, as presented to the host, differs from the actual physical
geometry. The host AT computer may access a drive of set parameters: number of cylinders, heads and
sectors per track, plus cylinder, head and sector addresses. However, the drive can’t use these host parameters
directly because of zoned recording techniques. The drive translates the host parameters to a set of logical
internal addresses for data access.
The host drive geometry parameters are mapped into an LBA based on this formula:
LBA
= (HSCA - 1) + HHDA x HSPT + HNHD x HSPT x HCYA
= (HSCA - 1) + HSPT x (HHDA + HNHD x HCYA)
HSCA = Host Sector Address, HHDA = Host Head Address
HCYA = Host Cylinder Address, HNHD = Host Number of Heads
HSPT = Host Sectors per Track
(1)
(2)
where
The LBA is checked for violating the drive capacity. If it does not, the LBA is converted to physical drive
cylinder, head and sector values. The physical address is then used to access or store the data on the disk and
for other drive related operations.
Defect Management Zone (DMZ)
Each drive model has a fixed number of spare sectors per drive, all of which are located at the end of the
drive. Upon detection of a bad sector that has been reassigned, the next sequential sector is used.
For example, if sector 3 is flagged, data that would have been stored there is “pushed down” and recorded
in sector 4. Sector 4 then effectively becomes sector 3, as sequential sectors are “pushed down” across the
entire drive. The first spare sector makes up for the loss of sector 3, and so maintains the sequential order of
data. This push down method assures maximum performance.
On-the-Fly Hardware Error Correction Code (ECC)
33 bits, single burst, guaranteed
Software ECC Correction
81 bits, single burst, guaranteed
33 bits, double bursts, guaranteed
Automatic Park and Lock Operation
Immediately following power down, dynamic braking of the spinning disks delays momentarily allowing the
read/write heads to move to an inner mechanical stop. A small fixed magnet holds the rotary actuator in
place as the disk spins down. The rotary actuator is released only when power is again applied.
2 – 3
PRODUCTDESCRIPTION
Cache Management
Buffer Segmentation
The data buffer is organized into two segments: the data buffer and the micro controller scratch pad.
The data buffer is dynamically allocated for read and write data depending on the commands received.
A variable number of read and write buffers may exist at the same time.
Read-Ahead Mode
Normally, this mode is active. Following a read request, disk read-ahead begins on the first sector and
continues sequentially until the allocated buffer is full. If a read request is received during the read-ahead
operation, the buffer is examined to determine if the request is in the cache. If a cache hit occurs, read-
ahead mode continues without interruption and the host transfer begins immediately.
Automatic Write Reallocation (AWR)
This feature is part of the write cache and reduces the risk of data loss during deferred write operations. If a
disk error occurs during the disk write process, the disk task stops and the suspect sector is reallocated to a
pool of alternate sectors located at the end of the drive. Following reallocation, the disk write task continues
until it is complete.
Write Cache Stacking
Normally, this mode is active. Write cache mode accepts the host write data into the buffer until the buffer
is full or the host transfer is complete. A command complete interrupt is generated at the end of the transfer.
A disk write task begins to store the host data to disk. Host write commands continue to be accepted and
data transferred to the buffer until either the write command stack is full or the data buffer is full. The drive
may reorder write commands to optimize drive throughput.
2 – 4
PRODUCTDESCRIPTION
Major HDA Components
Drive Mechanism
A brush-less DC direct drive motor rotates the spindle at 7,200 RPM (±0.1%). The dynamically balanced
motor/spindle assembly ensures minimal mechanical run-out to the disks. A dynamic brake provides a fast
stop to the spindle motor upon power removal. The speed tolerance includes motor performance and motor
circuit tolerances.
Rotary Actuator
All DiamondMax™ Plus 2500 drives employ a rotary voice coil actuator which consists of a moving coil, an
actuator arm assembly and stationary magnets. The actuator moves on a low-mass, low-friction center shaft.
The low friction contributes to fast access times and low power consumption.
Read/Write Electronics
An integrated circuit mounted within the sealed head disk assembly (near the read/write heads) provides up
to eight head selection (depending on the model), read pre-amplification and write drive circuitry.
Read/Write Heads and Media
Low mass, low force magneto-resistive read/write heads record data on 3.5-inch diameter disks. Maxtor uses
a sputtered thin film medium on all disks for DiamondMax Plus 2500 drives.
Air Filtration System
All DiamondMax Plus 2500 drives are assembled in a Class 100 controlled environment. Over the life of the
drive, a 0.1 micron filter and breather filter located within the sealed head disk assembly (HDA) maintain a
clean environment to the heads and disks. DiamondMax Plus 2500 drives are designed to operate in a typical
office environment with minimum environmental control.
Microprocessor
The microprocessor controls the following functions for the drive electronics:
Command execution
Cache management
Data correction and error recovery
Diagnostic execution
Data sequencing
Head positioning (including error recovery)
Host interface
Index detection
Spin speed control
Seeks
Servo
S.M.A.R.T.
2 – 5
PRODUCTDESCRIPTION
Subsystem Configuration
Dual Drive Support
Two drives may be accessed via a common interface cable, using the same range of I/O addresses. The drives
are jumpered as device 0 or 1 (Master/Slave), and are selected by the drive select bit in the
Device/Head register of the task file.
All Task File registers are written in parallel to both drives. The interface processor on each drive decides
whether a command written to it should be executed; this depends on the type of command and which
drive is selected. Only the drive selected executes the command and activates the data bus in response to
host I/O reads; the drive not selected remains inactive.
A master/slave relationship exists between the two drives: device 0 is the master and device 1 the slave.
When J50 is closed (factory default, figure 2-1), the drive assumes the role of master; when open, the drive
acts as a slave. In single drive configurations, J50 must be closed.
Cable Select Option
CSEL (cable select) is an optional feature per ANSI ATA specification. Drives configured in a multiple drive
system are identified by CSEL’s value:
– If CSEL is grounded, then the drive address is 0.
– If CSEL is open, then the drive address is 1.
Jumper Location/Configuration
Darkened jumper pins indicate factory-installed (default) shunts.
JUMPER CONFIGURATION
J50
J48
J46
J44
J42
Master/Slave
Only drive in single drive system*
Master drive in dual drive system*
Slave drive in dual drive system
C
C
O
Cable Select
Disabled*
Enabled
O
C
4092 Cylinder Limitation
Disabled*
Enabled
O
C
Factory Reserved
Factory Reserved
O
O
Key * = Default C = Closed (jumper installed) O = Open (no jumper installed)
Figure 2-1
PCBA Jumper Location and Configuration
4092 Cylinder Limitation
On some older BIOS', primarily those that auto-configure the disk drive, a hang may occur when the drive
cylinder value exceeds 4096. The 4092 Cylinder Limitation jumper reduces the capacity in the Identify Drive to
4092 – allowing large capacity drives to work with older BIOS'. Use Maxtor's MaxBlast Plus installation software
to access the full capacity of the drive.
2 – 6
SECTION 3
Product Specifications
Models and Capacities
MODEL
91000D8
90910D8
90875D7
90840D7
90750D6
90625D5
90500D4
Formatted Capacity (MB LBA Mode)
10,000
9,100
8,750
8,400
7,500
6,250
5,000
Maxtor defines one megabyte as 106 or one million bytes and one gigabyte as 109 or one billion bytes.
Drive Configuration
MODEL
91000D8
90910D7
90875D7
90840D7
ATA-4 /EIDE
EPR4 RLL 16/17
1:1
90750D6
90625D5
90500D4
Integrated Controller / Interface
Encoding Method
Interleave
Servo System
Embedded
512 KB SDRAM
16
Buffer Size / Type
Data Zones per Surface
Data Surfaces / Heads
Aerial Density
8
8
7
7
6
5
4
1,680 Mb / in2
Tracks per Surface (Cylinders)
Track Density
10,022
9,800 tpi
148-190 kfci
139-179 kbpi
512
Flux Density
Recording Density
Bytes per Sector / Block
Sectors per Track
Sectors per Drive
174-288
19,545,120 17,786,160 17,101,728 16,407,216 14,658,336 12,215,952
9,772,560
Performance Specifications
MODEL
91000D8
90910D8
90875D7
90840D7
90750D6
90625D5
90500D4
Seek Times (typical)
Track-to-track
< 1.0 ms
9.0 ms
Average
Maximum
< 20 ms
4.17 ms
Average Latency
Rotational Speed (±0.1%)
Controller Command Overhead
Data Transfer Rate
7,200 RPM
< 0.5 ms
To/from Interface
up to 33.3 MB/sec
up to 16.7 MB/sec
(Ultra DMA - Mode 2)
To/from Interface
(PIO 4/Multi-word DMA - Mode 2)
To/from Media
up to 21.9 MB/sec
< 11.0 sec typical
Start Time (0 to Drive Ready)
3 – 7
PRODUCTSPECIFICATIONS
Physical Dimensions
PARAMETER
STANDARD
METRIC
Height
Length
Width
Weight
1.02 inch
25.9 millimeters
146.6 millimeters
102.1 millimeters
0.59 kilograms
5.77 inches
4.02 inches
1.3 pounds
Figure 3 - 1
Outline and Mounting Dimensions
3 – 8
PRODUCTSPECIFICATIONS
Power Requirements (Average)
MODE
12V ± 5%
2400 mA
710 mA
345 mA
390 mA
7 mA
5V ± 5%
200 mA
330 mA
350 mA
225 mA
245 mA
140 mA
POWER
Spin-up (peak)
Seek
10.2 W
5.9 W
5.8 W
1.3 W
0.8 W
Read/Write
Idle
Standby
Sleep
7 mA
Power Mode Definitions
Spin-up
The drive is spinning up following initial application of power and has not yet reached full speed.
Seek
A random access operation by the disk drive.
Read/Write
Data is being read from or written to the drive.
Idle
The drive is spinning, the actuator is parked and powered off and all other circuitry is powered on.
The drive is capable of responding to read commands within 40 ms.
Standby
The spin motor is not spinning. The drive will leave this mode upon receipt of a command that requires
disk access. The time-out value for this mode is programmable. The buffer is active to accept write data.
Sleep
This is the lowest power state – with the interface set to inactive. A software or hardware reset is required
to return the drive to the Standby state.
EPA Energy Star Compliance
Maxtor Corporation supports the goals of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Energy Star program
to reduce the electrical power consumption of computer equipment.
Environmental Limits
PARAMETER
OPERATING
NON-OPERATING/STORAGE
Temperature
5° C to 55° C
low temperature (-40°)
high temperature (71° C) per MIL-STD-810E, method 501.3,
climatic category; hot-induced conditions.
Thermal Gradient
Relative Humidity
Wet Bulb
25° C per hour (maximum)
5% to 95% (non-condensing)
27° C (maximum)
Altitude
-200 to 10,000 feet
-200 to 40,000 feet
Acoustic Noise (Idle mode)
37 dBA average sound power
(per ISO 7779, 10 microphone)
3 – 9
PRODUCTSPECIFICATIONS
Shock and Vibration
PARAMETER
OPERATING
NON-OPERATING
Mechanical Shock
Random Vibration
20 Gs, 2.0 ms, no errors
200 Gs, 2.0 ms, no damage
10 - 300 Hz at 0.004 G2/Hz
10 Hz at 0.015 G2/Hz
40 Hz at 0.015 G2/Hz
500 Hz at 0.00015 G2/Hz
301 - 500 Hz at 0.0006 G2/Hz
Swept Sine Vibration
5 - 20 Hz
21 - 300 Hz
0.049 inches double amplitude
1.0 G peak amplitude (0 - peak)
Reliability Specifications
AFR
< 1.7%
The annualized average failure rate (AFR) applies to the period prior
to the expiration of component design life, and is based on failures
chargeable to Maxtor.
MTBF
> 500,000 hours
Maxtor does not differentiate between various usage profiles (e.g.,
power-on hours, power saving modes, non-operating periods or
operating temperatures within the published specification.)
Quality Acceptance Rate
TBD (< 1,500 DPPM)
The quality acceptance rate indicates the percentage of Maxtor
products successfully installed by our customers, and/or the number
of defective parts per million (DPPM) encountered during the entire
installation process.
Start/Stop Cycles
50,000 (minimum)
This indicates the minimum cycles for reliable start/stop function at a
≥ 60% confidence level.
Data Reliability
< 1 per 1014 bits read
Data errors (non-recoverable). Average data error rate allowed with all
error recovery features activated.
Component Design Life
5 years (minimum)
Component design life is defined as a.) the time period before
identified wear-out mechanisms impact the failure rate, or b.) the time
period up to the wear-out point when useful component life expires.
3 – 10
PRODUCTSPECIFICATIONS
EMC/EMI
Radiated Electromagnetic Field Emissions - EMC Compliance
The hard disk drive mechanism is designed as a subassembly for installation into a suitable enclosure and is
therefore not subject to Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC Rules (47CFR15) or the Canadian Department of
Communications Radio Interference Regulations. Although not required, the disk mechanism has been
tested within a suitable end-use product and found to comply with Class B limits of the FCC Rules and
Regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications.
The CE Marking indicates conformity with the European Union Low Voltage Directive (73/23/EEC) when
the disk mechanism is installed in a typical personal computer. Maxtor recommends that testing and analysis
for EMC compliance be performed with the disk mechanism installed within the user's end-use application.
Canadian Emissions Statement
This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus as set
out in the radio interference regulations of the Canadian department of communications.
Le present appareil numerique n'emet pas de bruit radioelectriques depassant les limites applicables aux
appareils numeriques de Class B prescrites dans le reglement sur le brouillage radioelectrique edicte par le
ministere des communications du Canada.
Safety Regulatory Compliance
All Maxtor DiamondMax™ Plus 2500 drives comply with relevant product safety standards such as CE, CUL,
TUV and UL rules and regulations. As delivered, DiamondMax Plus 2500 hard disk drives are designed for
system integration before they are used.
3 – 11
INSTALLATION
SECTION 4
Handling and Installation
Pre-formatted Drive
This Maxtor hard drive has been formatted at the factory. Do not use a low-level formatting program.
Important Notice
There are a number of system BIOS’s currently in use which do not support hard drives with more than 4095
cylinders (2.1 gigabytes). This section contains information describing the conditions which may identify this
limitation. In order to obtain the full capacity of your Maxtor drive, you will need to follow the recommended
installation instructions.
Hard Drive Handling Precautions
◆ During handling, NEVER drop, jar, or bump a drive. Handle the drive by its sides and avoid touching the printed circuit
board assembly (PCBA).
◆ Hard drives are sensitive to electrostatic discharge (ESD) damage. Use proper ESD practices by grounding yourself
and the computer system the hard drive will be installed in.
◆ Allow the hard drive to reach room temperature BEFORE installing it in your computer system.
◆ NEVER switch DC power onto the drive by plugging an electrically live DC source cable into the drive's connector.
NEVER connect a live connector to the hard drive's IDE interface connector.
Electro-Static Discharge (ESD)
To avoid some of the problems associated with ESD, Maxtor advises that anyone handling a disk drive use a
wrist strap with an attached wire connected to an earth ground. Failure to observe these precautions voids the
product warranty.
Manufacturers frequently experience “unsolved” component/hardware malfunctions often caused by ESD. To
reduce the incidence of ESD-related problems, Maxtor recommends that any electronics manufacturing plans
include a comprehensive ESD program, the basic elements and functions of which are outlined here:
ESD Program Element
Management
Chief coordinator
Multi-department committee
Employee training
ESD Program Function
Institute and maintain
Organize and enforce
Evaluate and improve
Educate and inform
ESD program supplies typically include: wrist- and foot-worn grounding straps; counter-top and floor antistatic
matting; wrist strap testers; ESD video and training materials. Sources for such supplies include:
Static Control Systems – 3M
225-4S, 3M Center
Charleswater
93 Border St.
St. Paul, MN 55144
West Newton, MA 02165-9990
Maxtor also offers a complete video training package, “Care and Handling of Maxtor Disk Drives.”
Contact your Maxtor representative for details.
4 – 12
INSTALLATION
Unpacking and Inspection
Retain any packing material for reuse. Inspect the shipping container for evidence of damage in transit. Notify
the carrier immediately in case of damage to the shipping container.
As they are removed, inspect drives for evidence of shipping damage or loose hardware. If a drive is damaged
(and no container damage is evident), notify Maxtor immediately for drive disposition.
Figure 4 - 1
Multi-pack Shipping Container
4 – 13
INSTALLATION
Figure 4 - 2
Single Pack Shipping Container (Option A)
Figure 4 - 3
Single Pack Shipping Container (Option B)
Repacking
If a Maxtor drive requires return, repack it using Maxtor packing materials, including the antistatic bag.
Physical Installation
Recommended Mounting Configuration
The DiamondMax™ Plus 10,000 drive design allows greater shock tolerance than that afforded by larger,
heavier drives. The drive may be mounted in any attitude using four size 6-32 screws with 1/8-inch
maximum penetration and a maximum torque of 5-inch pounds. See Figure 3-1 for mounting dimensions.
Allow adequate ventilation to the drive to ensure reliable operation.
4 – 14
INSTALLATION
Before You Begin
1
IMPORTANT – PLEASE READ!
Please read this Installation Sheet completely before installing the Maxtor hard drive. It gives general information for installing a Maxtor hard drive in a
typical computer system.
If you don’t understand the installation steps, have a qualified computer technician install the hard drive.
STOP
HandlingPrecautions
Allow the hard drive to reach room temperature BEFORE installing it in your computer system.
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Hard drives are sensitive to electrostatic discharge (ESD) damage. Handle the drive by its sides. DO NOT touch the printed circuit board assembly.
NEVER drop, jar, or bump the drive.
DON’T connect/disconnect any drive cables when the power is on.
DON’T useanylow-levelformattingsoftwareonthisdrive.
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System Requirements
◆
◆
◆
IDE/ATinterface
486processororhigher
OperatingSystemRequirements
• Fordriveslessthanorequalto8.4GB: DOS5.0orhigher
• Fordriveslargerthan8.4GB:
√ InstallingasBootdrive(PrimaryMaster)requiresfullinstallationsetofWindows95orhigher(notupgrade).
√ Installingasnon-Bootdrive(PrimarySlave,SecondaryMasterorSlave)requiresthatWindows95orhigherbeinstalledontheBootdrive.
Tools for Installation
The following tools are needed to complete the installation of your Maxtor hard drive:
◆
A small Phillips head screw driver
◆
Your computer user’s manual
◆
Small needle-nose pliers or
tweezers
◆
Operating system software
Drive Identification Information
Copy the following information from the label on the top cover of the Maxtor hard drive for future reference:
Model Number _____________________Serial Number __________________
Cylinders ______________ Heads _____________ Sectors _______________
Capacity Barriers
Due to operating system limitations, DOS cannot access the full capacity of drives larger than 8.4 GB. The Microsoft Windows 95 operating system or
equivalent (full installation), NOT a Windows 95 upgrade from DOS (Windows 3.1 or 3.11), is required to obtain the full capacity of any hard drive larger than
8.4 GB.
Protecting Your Existing Data
Periodicbackupofimportantdataisalwaysagoodidea.Wheneveryourcomputerison,thereisthepotentialforlosingdataonyourharddrive.Thisisespeciallytruewhenrunning
diskutilitiesoranysoftwarethatdirectlymanipulatesyourfiles.Maxtorrecommendsthatyoumakeabackupcopyofthefilesonanyexistingharddrives.Ifrequired,this
datamaythenbecopiedtotheMaxtorharddriveafterithasbeeninstalledinyourcomputer.Refertoyourcomputeruser’smanualfordetaileddatabackupinstructions.
4 – 15
INSTALLATION
General Requirements
2
System Hardware Requirements
The minimum system Maxtor recommends for drives 8.4 GB or less is a 486 DX 66 MHz system. For drives larger than 8.4 GB, we recommend a Pentium-class
system.
BIOS Requirements
SystemBIOSdatedpriortoSeptember1997donotsupportdrivesgreaterthan8.4GB.Toobtainthefullcapacityofadrivelargerthan8.4GB,upgradetheBIOS,installaBIOS
enhancercardorusetheMaxBlastinstallationsoftware(version9.06ornewer).
Ultra Direct Memory Access (UDMA)
UDMA mode on a Maxtor hard drive will only activate when the drive is installed in a system with full UDMA capability, i.e., a mother board or interface card
with the UDMA chips and the associated UDMA software drivers.
OS Requirements for Large Capacity Hard Drives
A full installation of the Windows 95 operating system is required for hard drives larger than 8.4 GB when the drive is a Primary Master. An upgrade to
Windows 95 from Windows 3.11 and/or the DOS operating system will not support drive capacities greater than 8.4 GB when the drive is a Primary Master.
Hard Drive Identification
IDE stands for Integrated Drive Electronics and EIDE is Enhanced IDE. The IDE or EIDE interface is designed to support two devices – typically hard drives – on a
single ribbon cable through one 40 pin connector on the mother board or interface card.
3
Some mother boards and interface cards may have a second IDE/EIDE connector to support two additional IDE devices. The IDE/EIDE interface is identified as
a primary or secondary interface. In systems with only a single connector on the mother board or interface card, it is the primary IDE/EIDE interface. To add a
second IDE/EIDE interface requires a special interface card. In systems with two connectors on the mother board or interface card, one is the primary and the
other as the secondary.
The primary interface must be used for at least one IDE device before connecting any devices to the secondary IDE interface.
Ribbon cable lengths are limited to 18 inches and have two or three 40 pin connectors. This cable is referred to as a parallel cable and IDE devices may be
connected anywhere on the cable. One of the connectors is attached to the IDE connector on the mother board or interface card and the remaining
connector(s) are available for the IDE devices.
Identifying IDE Devices on the Interface
Each device must be identified as either the Master or Slave device on that interface (cable). Each cable must have a Master before it can have a Slave device
on the cable. There cannot be two Master or two Slave devices on the same cable.
IDE devices use jumpers to designate the Master/Slave identification of the device. Each manufacturer may have its own jumpering scheme to identify the
device as a Master or Slave and its relationship to other IDE devices attached to the same cable.
JumperSettings
A jumper is a small piece of plastic that slides over a pair of configuration pins on the drive to activate a specific function. The jumper illustration below shows
three valid jumper settings for Maxtor hard drives – Master, Slave and Cable Select. Maxtor hard drives can be set as either a Master or a Slave device.
There are no other jumpers to set when the Maxtor drive is installed on the same ribbon cable with another IDE device.
Rear View of Maxtor Hard Drive
Master, Slave and Cable Select Settings
4 – 16
INSTALLATION
Before installing the drive in the computer, you must determine how the jumpers on the Maxtor hard drive are to be set for your system based upon the use of
the Maxtor hard drive as either a Master or Slave device. Maxtor hard drives are shipped with the Master jumper setting enabled.
IMPORTANT: If a Maxtor hard drive is being added to a system on the same cable with an existing IDE device, it may be necessary to re-configure the
jumpers on the existing device to insure that the system will properly recognize both devices. Information regarding the correct jumper configurations on other
IDE devices is available in their product documentation or from the manufacturer of that device.
Systems Using Cable Select
IMPORTANT – Most systems do not use this feature. Unless you are sure that your computer system supports Cable Select, do not set up the drive with this
feature enabled.
Maxtor hard drives support Cable Select. The Cable Select method of drive identification allows the system to identify Master and Slave IDE devices based
upon the position (connector) the IDE device is attached to on the interface (ribbon) cable.
A special IDE cable select interface (ribbon) cable is required for systems using the Cable Select feature.
Systems that use Cable Select do not support the standard Master/Slave definitions described above and the standard IDE interface (ribbon) cable cannot
be used on these systems. If your system supports this feature, refer to the system user’s manual or contact the system manufacturer for specific procedures
for installing hard drives.
On Maxtor hard drives, Cable Select is enabled by installing a jumper on J48.
Relationship to Other IDE Devices
MaxtorrecommendsthatitsharddrivesbeconfiguredasaMasterdevicetoanyIDEdevicethatisnotaharddrive(e.g.,CD-ROM’s,tapedrives,Zipdrivesetc.).
Mounting Drive in System
Turn the computer OFF, disconnect the power cord and remove the cover. Refer to the computer user’s manual for information on removing the cover.
4
Each system manufacturer uses different types of cases, including desktop, mini-tower, full tower and other special configurations. As a result, there are many
different possible mounting locations that could be used.
In a typical system case, there are specific 3.5 inch and 5.25 inch bays available for storage devices. When a 3.5 inch mounting bay is available, mounting
brackets are not required. If a 5.25 inch mounting bay is used, mounting brackets will be required to mount the Maxtor hard drive in the system case. Refer to
the system manufacturers user’s manual or contact the system manufacturer directly for additional information.
Installing 5.25-inch Mounting Brackets and Rails
If the Maxtor hard drive is being mounted in a 5.25 inch drive bay, the following figure shows how to attach the brackets to the drive. The brackets are not
required when mounting in a 3.5 inch drive bay.
Installing in a Device Bay
After the hard drive is prepared with mounting brackets, if required, and the jumpers are set correctly, the drive can be mounted in a device bay and secured.
Be sure to secure the drive with all four screws in the device bay. This provides grounding and protection from shock and vibration.
NOTE:Computersystemsusedifferentmethodsformountingharddrives.Pleaserefertothecomputeruser’smanualorcontactthemanufacturerforspecificmounting
instructions.
4 – 17
INSTALLATION
Attaching Interface and Power Cables
In order for the computer to recognize that the Maxtor hard drive is in the system, the
power cable and IDE interface cable must be properly connected.
5
1
Attach an available IDE interface connector to J1 on the Maxtor hard drive.
The striped or colored edge of the IDE interface cable indicates pin 1. Pin 1 on the IDE interface cable connector must match pin 1 on the Maxtor hard drive
IDE interface connector – closest to the drive power connector. It must also match pin 1 on the IDE connector on the mother board or IDE interface card.
Refer to the system or interface card user’s manual for identification of pin 1 on their IDE interface connector.
2
Connect an available power connector to J2 on the Maxtor hard drive. This connector is keyed and will only fit in one orientation. Do not force the
connector.
After attaching the IDE
interface cable and the
power cable to the Maxtor
hard drive, verify that all
other cables connected to
other devices, the mother
board or interface card(s)
are correctly seated.
Striped/colored edge is pin
Attaching System Cables
The computer system the Maxtor hard drive is being installed in will have its own cable placement and connection methods. This means that the location of
the IDE interface connectors on the mother board and/or interface card and the orientation of pin one is determined by the manufacturer. Also, older systems
and interface cards may have only a single IDE interface connection – limiting the system to two IDE devices. Refer to the system or interface card user’s
manual for cable connection and orientation instructions.
6
Attach the 40-pin IDE interface cable from the Maxtor hard drive to the IDE connector on the mother board or IDE interface card. Insure that the red edge of
the ribbon cable is oriented to pin 1 on the interface.
4 – 18
INSTALLATION
System Setup
The following procedures are designed for systems using the DOS 5.0 (or higher), Windows 95 and Windows 98 operating systems. For other operating
systems (e.g., Windows NT, OS2, UNIX, LINUX and NovellNetWare), refer to the operating system user’s manual for the BIOS setting and other installation
requirements.
7
For drives with capacities larger than 8.4 GB, the full installation set for Windows 95A or 95B (OSR2), Windows 98 or equivalent, is required. Operating
systems that do not support extended interrupt 13 cannot access or format a drive larger than 8.4 GB. This is true regardless of BIOS, mother board or
interface card support. DOS based operating systems do not support this interrupt and are limited to a maximum drive size that they can format and access of
8.4 GB. It is not possible to upgrade from a DOS operating system to Windows 95 and obtain the full capacity of a drive larger than 8.4 GB.
Setting the BIOS (CMOS)
The SETUP (BIOS) program identifies the system configuration information (e.g., floppy disk drives, hard disk drives, video, etc.) used to identify devices
attached to the computer during system boot. This includes the information about what kind and how many IDE hard drives are attached to the system.
IMPORTANT: Please Note – Major BIOS manufacturers like AMI, Award and Phoenix provide their core BIOS programs to system board manufacturers and
OEM’s who have the capability of making modifications to some of the descriptions and definitions to meet their unique requirements. These changes include,
but are not limited to, how to access the BIOS, the appearance of the information on the screens and the location of parameters within the BIOS. Refer to the
system or BIOS manufacturers documentation or contact the system manufacturer for the correct procedure to enter the BIOS setup program for your
computer. Some manufacturers may use their own unique BIOS definitions and configurations and will also have their own methods for accessing and setting
the BIOS. If you have a system that uses such a unique BIOS, refer to the system user’s manual or contact the manufacturer for assistance.
WARNING: When entering settings for the Maxtor hard drive, be careful not to change any of the other BIOS settings, or other parts of
the system may not work correctly.
BIOS (CMOS) Parameters
In order for the computer system to recognize the new Maxtor hard drive, it is necessary to set the system BIOS with the correct information about the drive.
To do this, run the system SETUP (BIOS) program.
The Maxtor hard drive must be identified to the system through the BIOS and it must be registered in the BIOS based upon its position relative to the other
IDE devices connected to the system and recorded in the BIOS.
Most newer BIOS’ provide the descriptions of Primary Master, Primary Slave, Secondary Master and Secondary Slave (see section 2) which identify the
device configuration and location on an IDE interface and its relationship to the other IDE devices on the same interface or ribbon cable.
Some older BIOS versions do not use this terminology for identification and it may be necessary to refer to the system user’s manual or BIOS documentation to
determine where the drive settings should be set in that specific BIOS. If this information is not available, then it will be necessary to contact the system
manufacturer for the correct terminology to correctly identify the drives within the system.
The following are the typical steps to be used to set the hard drive parameters in a BIOS:
A
Turn the system ON. During the system start-up sequence, run the SETUP (BIOS) program or similar commands to access the system BIOS.
Note: Newer systems will typically display a message (e.g., press DEL to Enter Setup) identifying how to access the SETUP (BIOS) program.
Once the SETUP (BIOS) program is active, do one of the following to set the BIOS parameters for the Maxtor hard drive.
B
1
Enter the BIOS menu where the hard drive settings are displayed, select the correct entry (Primary Master, Primary Slave, Secondary Master or
Secondary Slave or their equivalents) to set the parameters for the Maxtor hard drive.
If the SETUP program provides an “AUTO DETECT” capability, use this feature to detect the Maxtor hard drive. If the SETUP program does not have
AUTO DETECT, set the drive parameters as defined in step 2. Typically, this feature is available for each individual IDE device. It may be necessary to
exit the BIOS, re-boot the system and re-enter the BIOS before the AUTO DETECT operation will take effect.
IMPORTANT After the SETUP program has detected the hard drive, verify that the Logical Block Addressing (LBA) mode is enabled for the drive - as
not all BIOS versions set this feature during the AUTO DETECT process.
Comment: When LBA is enabled, some BIOS programs (typically Award) will change the values of the cylinders and heads by dividing the cylinders by
2, 4, 8 or 16 and multiplying the heads by the same value. This operation will not change the capacity of the hard drive.
If the system correctly detects the drive and does not hang during the boot process, proceed to Section 8. If the system hangs during the POST,
proceed to Section 9. If Auto Detect did not find the drive and no error message was presented, proceed to step 2 below.
4 – 19
INSTALLATION
2
Enter the BIOS menu where the hard drive definitions are displayed and select the appropriate entry (Primary Master, Primary Slave, Secondary
Master or Secondary Slave – or their equivalents) for the Maxtor hard drive. If the SETUP program does not provide an AUTO DETECT capability, the
drive parameters must be set using the User Definable Type (UDT).
Set the Cylinder, Head and Sector values with the values listed on the drive label. The drive label is located on the top cover of the drive. The fields
LZone (Landing Zone) and WPcom (Write Pre-comp) are not used by the Maxtor hard drive. These fields may be set to 0 or by the values assigned by
the BIOS.
Note: Each BIOS manufacturer uses different methods of identifying the UDT. Newer BIOS’ from all manufacturer’s will usually include an entry called
“User” or “User 1.” Older BIOS’ vary in the method used to identify the UDT. Following are examples of BIOS UDT: AMI = Type 47, Award = Type 47 and
Phoenix = Type 48
Only the cylinder, head and sector values printed on the drive label must be entered. All other values may be zero (0). Set the LBA mode to enabled for this
drive. Refer to the system user’s manual or contact the system manufacturer for information on enabling LBA.
If the SETUP program does not provide the UDT, set the BIOS to the drive type with the largest capacity of those listed in the BIOS.
C
After the drive parameters are entered, follow the SETUP program procedures to save the settings and exit the SETUP program. After changing BIOS
settings, saving the values and exiting, the SETUP program should force the system to re-boot.
If you are not sure how the UDT is defined in the BIOS, refer to the computer user’s manual or contact the system manufacturer.
Hard Drive Preparation
To finish the installation, the drive must be partitioned and formatted. Hard drive partitioning and formatting may be done with the operating system software
or with MaxBlast installation software. Select A or B below to complete the preparation of the Maxtor hard drive.
8
NOTE: Drive letter assignment is controlled by the operating system and not by the BIOS or MaxBlast. The operating system assigns drive letters to all devices
as follows: (1) to all hard drives and their partitions; (2) to all other devices like CD-ROM’s and tape drives. When adding an additional hard drive to the system,
the drive letters will be automatically changed by the operating system.
A
Preparing the hard drive using the operating system software.
IMPORTANT Due to operating system limitations, DOS operating systems cannot access the full capacity of drives larger than 8.4 GB. The Windows 95 full
installation, not an upgrade from DOS, operating system or equivalent is required to obtain the full capacity of any drive larger than 8.4 GB.
If the system or interface card correctly supports the Maxtor hard drive, the drive may be partitioned and formatted using the operating system software. If the
cylinder limitation jumper (J46) is installed or the BIOS does not support the hard drive, the MaxBlast installation software (option B below) must be used to
prepare the hard drive.
NOTE: All versions of DOS, PC-DOS, DR-DOS and Windows 95A (FAT 16 support) have a partition size limitation of 2.1 GB. For drives larger than 2.1 GB, the
drive must be divided into partitions that do not exceed the 2.1 GB limitation. Windows 95B (OSR2) does not have this limitation. Windows NT, OS2, UNIX,
LINUX and Novell NetWare may have different limitations but please refer to their documentation or contact the manufacturer to verify their support or
limitations.
For detailed operating system installation assistance, refer to the system manufacturers user’s manual, the operating system user’s manual or contact the
manufacturer directly.
B
Preparing the hard drive using MaxBlast installation software.
1
2
Boot the system with the bootable MaxBlast software installation diskette.
The MaxBlast installation software will load and the first screen of the program will display. Follow the on-screen prompts to complete the hard drive
installation.
4 – 20
INSTALLATION
System Hangs During Boot
If the system hangs during the boot process after installing the Maxtor hard drive – either before or after setting the system BIOS – the system many have a
BIOS with a cylinder limitation. This may occur for hard drives that exceed 2.1 GB. If this happens,
do the following:
9
1
2
Turn the system OFF.
Install the cylinder limitation jumper (J46) on the drive. The figure below shows the Maxtor hard drive configured as a Master or Slave device with the
cylinder limitation jumper installed.
IMPORTANT: When the Cylinder Limitation jumper (J46) is installed, the Maxtor hard drive must be prepared using MaxBlast installation software.
Rear View of Maxtor Hard Drive
Master, Slave and Cable Select Settings with Cylinder Limitation Enabled
3
If the BIOS was set to AUTO DETECT, follow the instructions in Section 7 to prepare the hard drive using the MaxBlast installation software.
IfotherBIOSsettingswereused,accessthesystemBIOSSETUPprogramandsettheparameterstoaUserDefinableTypewith4,092cylinders,16headsand63
sectorspertrackfortheMaxtorharddrive.ThenfollowtheinstructionsforsettingtheBIOSinSection7thenSection8topreparetheharddrivewithMaxBlastsoftware.
How to Obtain MaxBlast Software
If a MaxBlast software installation diskette was not included with the hard drive, the MaxBlast software may be downloaded from Maxtor’s Internet home
The instructions for creating the MaxBlast bootable diskette are available for viewing and printing from the MaxBlast download page.
4 – 21
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