C141-E234-01EN
MAX3147FC
MAX3073FC
MAX3036FC
HARD DISK DRIVES
PRODUCT/MAINTENANCE MANUAL
Caution
This computer device shall meet FCC Class A environment. If you use this device at Home environment, it
may affect to the Television set, Radio receiver, and so on.
In this case, you may require to take action to resolve any affection due to this device.
The contents of this manual may be revised without prior notice.
The contents of this manual shall not be disclosed in any way or reproduced in any media without the express
written permission of Fujitsu Limited.
All Rights Reserved, Copyright FUJITSU LIMITED 2005
C141-E234
This page is intentionally left blank.
REVISION RECORD
Edition Date published
Revised contents
01
June, 2005
Specification No.: C141-E234-**EN
C141-E234
Related Standards
Product specifications and functions described in this manual comply with the following ANSI (*1)
standards.
Document number
Title
NCITS TR-19
FIBRE CHANNEL PRIVATE LOOP SCSI DIRECT ATTATH (FC-PLDA)
FIBRE CHANNEL PHYSICAL AND SIGNALING INTERFACE (FC-PH)
FIBRE CHANNEL PHYSICAL AND SIGNALING INTERFACE-2 (FC-PH-2)
FIBRE CHANNEL ARBITRATED LOOP (FC-AL)
ANSI X3.230-1994
ANSI X3.297-1996
ANSI X3.272-199X
ANSI X3.269-199X
FIBRE CHANNEL PROTOCOL FOR SCSI (SCSI-FCP)
*1 ANSI = American National Standard Institute
In case of conflict between this manual and any referenced document, this manual takes precedence.
C141-E234
Preface
This manual describes the MAX3147FC, MAX3073FC, and MAX3036FC 3.5" type hard
disk drives with an embedded fibre channel controller.
This manual details the specifications and functions of the above disk drive, and gives the
requirements and procedures for installing it into a host computer system.
This manual is written for users who have a basic understanding of hard disk drives and
their use in computer systems. The MANUAL ORGANIZATION section describes
organization and scope of this manual. The need arises, use the other manuals.
The organization of this manual, related reference manual and conventions for alert
messages follow.
Overview of Manual
This manual consists of the following seven chapters and one appendix:
Chapter 1 General Description
This chapter introduces the standard features, hardware, and system configuration of the
HDD.
Chapter 2 Specifications
This chapter gives detailed specifications of the disk drives and their installation
environment.
Chapter 3 Data Format
This chapter describes the data structure of the disk, the address method, and what to do
about media defects.
Chapter 4 Installation Requirements
This chapter describes the basic physical and electrical requirements for installing the disk
drives.
Chapter 5 Installation
This chapter explains how to install the disk drives. It includes the notice and procedures
for setting device number and operation modes, mounting the disk drive, and confirming
drive operation.
Chapter 6 Diagnostics and Maintenance
This chapter describes the automatic diagnosis and maintenance of the disk drive. This
chapter also describes diagnostic methods for operation check and the basics of
troubleshooting the disk drives.
Chapter 7 Error Analysis
This chapter describes in details how collect the information for error analysis and how
analyze collected error information.
C141-E234
i
Preface
APPENDIX A Connector Signal Allocation
The appendix gives supplementary information, including the signal assignments of
interface connectors.
CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS MANUAL
The MAX3147FC, MAX3073FC, and MAX3036FC disk drives are described as "the hard
disk drive (HDD)", "the disk drive" or "the device" in this manual.
Decimal number is represented normally.
Hexadecimal number is represented as X'17B9', 17B9h or 17B9H.
Binary number is represented as "010".
Conventions for Alert Messages
This manual uses the following conventions to show the alert messages. An alert message
consists of an alert signal and alert statements. The alert signal consists of an alert symbol
and a signal word or just a signal word.
The following are the alert signals and their meanings:
This indicates a hazardous situation could result in minor
or moderate personal injury if the user does not perform
the procedure correctly. This alert signal also indicates
that damages to the product or other property, may occur if
the user does not perform the product correctly.
This indicates information that could help the user use the
product more efficiently.
In the text, the alert signal is centered, followed below by the indented message. A wider
line space precedes and follows the alert message to show where the alert message begins
and ends. The following is an example:
(Example)
Damage
Never remove any labels from the drive or deface them in any way.
The main alert messages in the text are also listed in the “Important Alert Items.”
ii
C141-E234
Preface
Attention
Please forward any comments you may have regarding this manual.
To make this manual easier for users to understand, opinions from readers are needed.
Please write your opinions or requests on the Comment at the back of this manual and
forward it to the address described in the sheet.
C141-E234
iii
This page is intentionally left blank.
Important Alert Items
Important Alert Messages
The important alert messages in this manual are as follows:
A hazardous situation could result in minor or moderate personal injury if the
user does not perform the procedure correctly. Also, damage to the product
or other property, may occur if the user does not perform the procedure
correctly.
Task
Alert message
Page
2-5
Specification
Data loss
The drive adopts Reed-Solomon code for ECC. The sector-data is
divided into 3 interleaving sectors, and ECC is performed in each
sector where the maximum number of errors (up to 9 byte) can be
corrected. [Total maximum byte: 9 byte × 3 ( interleave) = 27 byte]
If the error of read sector keeps allowable error byte number,
correction is performed.
However, if error byte exceeds its allowable number, correction may
not be performed properly.
Installation
Damage
Never remove any labels from the drive or deface them in any way.
Hot temperature
4-3
5-1
To prevent injury, never touch the drive while it is hot. The DE and
LSI become hot during operation and remain hot immediately after
turning off the power.
C141-E234
v
Important Alert Items
Task
Alert message
Page
5-16
Installation
Damage
1. When dismounting the drive which is mounted on the system while
power is supplied to it.
•
•
•
The drive to be dismounted must be separated from the loop.
Dismounting the drive which is not separated from the loop
may cause an unexpected error.
If the drive is not separated from the loop, issue an LPB to the
drive from the initiator in a primitive sequence of the order
set.
It is recommended to stop the spindle motor prior to this loop
separation operation. The spindle motor can be stopped by a
START/STOP command. It takes about 30 seconds for the
spindle motor to stop completely.
•
Then, dismount the drive using the drive
mounting/dismounting mechanism, etc. of the system. If the
drive is dismounted while the spindle motor is running, special
care is required to avoid excessive vibration or shock to the
drive. It is recommended to stop the operation once the SCA
connector breaks off contact and wait until the spindle motor
stops (about 30 seconds) before dismount the drive.
•
When storing or transporting the drive, put it in an antistatic
case (Fcell). (Shown in Section 5.1).
2. When dismounting the drive which is mounted on the system while
power is not supplied to it.
•
Do not move the drive until the drive stops completely (about
30 seconds if the spindle motor was stopped by a
START/STOP UNIT command, and about 30 seconds after
powering-off when the power was simply turned off).
•
•
Then, dismount the drive using the drive
mounting/dismounting mechanism, etc. of the system.
When storing or transporting the drive, put it in an antistatic
case (Fcell). (Shown in Section 5.1).
Diagnostics and
Maintenance
Data loss
When the SEND DIAGNOSTIC command terminates with the CHECK
CONDITION status, the initiator must collect the error information
using the REQUEST SENSE command. The RECEIVE DIAGNOSTIC
RESULTS command cannot read out the error information detected in
the self-diagnostics.
6-4
6-5
Caution
1. To avoid injury, do not touch the mechanical assembly during disk
drive operation.
2. Do not use solvents to clean the disk drive.
vi
C141-E234
Important Alert Items
Task
Alert message
Page
Diagnostics and
Maintenance
Caution
1. Always ground yourself with a wrist strap connected to ground
before handling. ESD (Electrostatics Discharge) may cause the
damage to the device.
6-5
2. Do not remove a PCA. This operation is required to prevent
unexpected or unpredictable operation.
3. Do not use a conductive cleaner to clean a disk drive assembly.
Damage
1. Never remove any labels from the drive.
6-14
6-7
2. Never open the disk enclosure for any reason.
Doing so will void any warranties.
Data loss
Save data stored on the disk drive to other media before requesting
repair. Fujitsu does not assume responsibility if data is destroyed
during servicing or repair.
C141-E234
vii
This page is intentionally left blank.
MANUAL ORGANIZATION
PRODUCT/
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
1. General Description
2. Specifications
3. Data Format
(This manual)
4. Installation Requirements
5. Installation
6. Diagnostics and Maintenance
7. Error Analysis
FIBRE CHANNEL
INTERFACE
1. Fibre Channel Interface
2. Command Processing
SPECIFICATIONS
3. Data Buffer Management
4. Command Specifications
5. Sense Data and Error Recovery Methods
6. Disk Media Management
C141-E234
ix
This page is intentionally left blank.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 General Description ..................................................................1-1
1.1 Standard Features....................................................................................1-2
1.2 Hardware Structure .................................................................................1-5
1.3 System Configuration..............................................................................1-7
CHAPTER 2 Specifications............................................................................2-1
2.1 Hardware Specifications .........................................................................2-1
2.1.1 Model name and order number ...............................................................2-1
2.1.2 Function specifications............................................................................2-2
2.1.3 Environmental specifications..................................................................2-4
2.1.4 Error rate .................................................................................................2-5
2.1.5 Reliability................................................................................................2-5
CHAPTER 3 Data Format ...............................................................................3-1
3.1 Data Space...............................................................................................3-1
3.1.1 Cylinder configuration ............................................................................3-1
3.1.2 Alternate spare area.................................................................................3-4
3.1.3 Track format............................................................................................3-5
3.1.4 Sector format...........................................................................................3-6
3.1.5 Format capacity.......................................................................................3-8
3.2 Logical Data Block Addressing ..............................................................3-8
3.3 Defect Management ..............................................................................3-10
3.3.1 Defect list ..............................................................................................3-10
3.3.2 Alternate block allocation .....................................................................3-10
CHAPTER 4 Installation Requirements ........................................................4-1
4.1 Mounting Requirements..........................................................................4-1
4.1.1 External dimensions................................................................................4-1
C141-E234
xi
Contents
4.1.2 Mounting orientations .............................................................................4-3
4.1.3 Notes on mounting ..................................................................................4-3
4.2 Power Supply Requirements ...................................................................4-8
4.3 Connection Requirements .......................................................................4-9
4.3.1 Connector.................................................................................................4-9
4.3.2 Interface connector................................................................................4-10
CHAPTER 5 Installation................................................................................. 5-1
5.1 Notes on Handling Drives .......................................................................5-1
5.2 Setting......................................................................................................5-3
5.2.1 Loop ID setting........................................................................................5-3
5.2.2 Mode settings...........................................................................................5-3
5.3 Mounting Drives......................................................................................5-4
5.3.1 Mounting procedures...............................................................................5-4
5.4 Checking Operation after Installation and Preparing the HDD
for Use .....................................................................................................5-5
5.4.1 Checking initial operation .......................................................................5-5
5.4.2 Checking connection ...............................................................................5-6
5.4.3 Formatting ...............................................................................................5-9
5.4.4 Setting parameters .................................................................................5-11
5.5 Dismounting Drives...............................................................................5-16
5.6 Spare Disk Drive ...................................................................................5-16
CHAPTER 6 Diagnostics and Maintenance.................................................. 6-1
6.1 Diagnostics ..............................................................................................6-1
6.1.1 Self-diagnostics .......................................................................................6-1
6.1.2 Test programs ..........................................................................................6-4
6.2 Maintenance Information ........................................................................6-5
6.2.1 Precautions ..............................................................................................6-5
6.2.2 Maintenance requirements ......................................................................6-6
6.2.3 Maintenance levels..................................................................................6-7
6.2.4 Revision numbers ....................................................................................6-8
xii
C141-E234
Contents
6.2.5 Tools and test equipment ........................................................................6-9
6.2.6 Tests ........................................................................................................6-9
6.3 Operation Check....................................................................................6-11
6.3.1 Initial seek operation check...................................................................6-11
6.3.2 Operation test ........................................................................................6-11
6.3.3 Diagnostic test.......................................................................................6-11
6.4 Troubleshooting Procedures..................................................................6-12
6.4.1 Outline of troubleshooting procedures..................................................6-12
6.4.2 Troubleshooting with disk drive replacement in the field ....................6-12
6.4.3 Troubleshooting at the repair site..........................................................6-14
6.4.4 Troubleshooting with parts replacement in the factory ........................6-15
6.4.5 Finding possibly faulty parts.................................................................6-15
CHAPTER 7 Error Analysis............................................................................7-1
7.1 Error Analysis Information Collection ...................................................7-1
7.1.1 Sense data................................................................................................7-1
7.1.2 Sense key, additional sense code, and additional sense code qualifier...7-1
7.2 Sense Data Analysis................................................................................7-3
7.2.1 Error information indicated with sense data ...........................................7-3
7.2.2 Sense data (3-0C-03), (4-40-xx), and (4-C4-xx).....................................7-4
7.2.3 Sense data (1-1x-xx), (3-1x-xx) and (E-1D-00): Disk read error ..........7-4
7.2.4 Sense data (4-44-xx), (5-2x-xx), (B-44-xx), (B-47-xx), (B-49-00)
and (B-4E-00): fibre channel interface error ..........................................7-4
APPENDIX A Connector Signal Allocation ................................................... A-1
A.1 Interface (FC-SCA) Connector Signal Allocation................................. A-2
Glossary ...........................................................................................................GL-1
Abbreviation.....................................................................................................AB-1
Index ................................................................................................................. IN-1
C141-E234
xiii
Contents
Illustrations
Figures
Figure 1.1 FC model drives outer view......................................................... 1-5
Figure 1.2 Example of FC-AL system configuration.................................... 1-7
Figure 3.1 Cylinder configuration ................................................................. 3-2
Figure 3.2 Spare area in cell.......................................................................... 3-4
Figure 3.3 Alternate cylinder......................................................................... 3-4
Figure 3.4 Track format................................................................................. 3-5
Figure 3.5 Track skew/head skew ................................................................. 3-6
Figure 3.6 Sector format................................................................................ 3-6
Figure 3.7 Alternate block allocation by FORMAT UNIT command ........ 3-11
Figure 3.8 Alternate block allocation by REASSIGN BLOCKS
command.................................................................................... 3-12
Figure 4.1 Dimensions................................................................................... 4-2
Figure 4.2 HDD orientations ......................................................................... 4-3
Figure 4.3 Mounting frame structure............................................................. 4-4
Figure 4.4 Limitation of side-mounting ........................................................ 4-5
Figure 4.5 Surface temperature measurement points.................................... 4-6
Figure 4.6 Service clearance area.................................................................. 4-7
Figure 4.7 Current waveform (+12 VDC)..................................................... 4-8
Figure 4.8 AC noise filter (recommended).................................................... 4-9
Figure 4.9 Connector location ....................................................................... 4-9
Figure 4.10 SCA2 type connector ................................................................. 4-10
Figure 5.1 Checking the HDD connection (A).............................................. 5-7
Figure 5.2 Checking the HDD connection (B).............................................. 5-8
Figure 6.1 Revision label (example) ............................................................. 6-8
Figure 6.2 Indicating revision numbers......................................................... 6-9
Figure 6.3 Test flowchart............................................................................. 6-10
Figure 7.1 Format of extended sense data..................................................... 7-2
xiv
C141-E234
Contents
Tables
Table 2.1 Model names and order numbers..................................................2-1
Table 2.2 Function specifications .................................................................2-2
Table 2.3 Environmental/power requirements..............................................2-4
Table 3.1 Format capacity.............................................................................3-8
Table 4.1 Surface temperature check point ..................................................4-6
Table 5.1 Motor start mode...........................................................................5-3
Table 6.1 Self-diagnostic functions ..............................................................6-1
Table 6.2 System-level field troubleshooting.............................................6-13
Table 6.3 Disk drive troubleshooting..........................................................6-14
Table 7.1 Definition of sense data ................................................................7-3
Table A.1 FC-SCA connector: CN1 ............................................................A-2
C141-E234
xv
This page is intentionally left blank.
CHAPTER 1
General Description
1.1 Standard Features
1.2 Hardware Structure
1.3 System Configuration
This chapter describes the feature and configuration of the hard disk drives (HDDs).
The drives are high performance large capacity 3.5" type hard disk drives with an embedded Fibre-Channel
controller.
The interface used to connect the drives to the host system complies with NCITS TR-19 Fibre Channel Private
Loop SCSI Direct Attach (FC-PLDA), which is the Fibre Channel PLDA standard covering items ranging
from Fibre Channel physical layers to SCSI command protocols.
The high-speed data transfer and long-distance transmission capabilities of Fibre Channel technology and the
powerful command set the HDDs facilitate creation of high-performance and highly reliable disk subsystems
with large storage capacities.
The data format can be changed from the format at factory shipment by re-initializing with the use's system.
Refer to Chapter 6 “Disc Media Management” of the Fibre Channel Interface Specification for details.
1.1
Standard Features
(1)
Compactness
In a compact enclosure having the 3.5-inch HDD form factor, the HDD contains an FC-AL
controller, which supports the Arbitrated Loop technology (FC-AL), a Fibre Channel technology
defined by the related ANSI standard.
(2)
Restriction of Use of Hazardous Substances
The amounts of hazardous substances in use in these HDDs have been reduced in accordance with the
Restriction of Use of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive recently issued by European Union (EU).
Note:
At present, the permissible limits on the use of certain materials specified by the RoHS directive
have not been determined. In such cases, we are using the original criteria set by Fujitsu Limited
while referring to the restrictions already established by End-of-Life Vehicle (ELV) Directive or
by the national environmental laws of the EU member nations.
(3)
FC-AL standard
The HDD provides not only FC-AL basic functions but also the following features:
C141-E234
1-1
General Description
•
•
•
Arbitration
Disconnection/Reconnection
Data bus parity
The SCSI commands can manipulate data through logical block addressing regardless of the physical
characteristics of the disk drive. This allows software to accommodate future expansion of system
functions.
(4)
(5)
Dual-port support
The HDD has two pairs of driver and receiver sets for the Fibre Channel to support dual-port
connection.
High-speed data transfer
The maximum data-transfer speed on the Fibre Channel loop is 212.5 MB/s. The large-capacity data
buffer of the HDD enables the effective use of such high-speed data transfers available on the Fibre
Channel loop.
(6)
Continuous block processing
The addressing method of data blocks is logical block address. The initiator can access data by
specifying block number in a logically continuous data space without concerning the physical
structure of the track or cylinder boundaries.
The continuous processing up to [64K-1] blocks in a command can be achieved, and HDD can perform
continuous read/write operation when processing data blocks on several tracks or cylinder.
(7)
Multi-segment data buffer
The data buffer is 8M bytes. Data is transferred between Fibre Channel Loop and disk media
through this data buffer. This feature provides the suitable usage environment for users.
Since the initiator can control the disconnect/reconnect timing on the Fibre Channel Loop by
specifying the condition of stored data to the data buffer or empty condition of the data buffer, the
initiator can perform the effective input/output operations with utilizing high data transfer capability
of the Fibre Channel Loop regardless of actual data transfer rate of the disk drive.
(8)
Cache feature
After executing the READ command, the HDD reads automatically and stores (prefetches) the
subsequent data blocks into the data buffer (Read-ahead caching).
The high speed sequential data access can be achieved by transferring the data from the data buffer without
reaccessing the disk in case the subsequent command requests the prefetched data blocks.
The Write Cache feature is supported. When this feature is enabled, the status report is issued
without waiting for completion of write processing to disk media, thereby enabling high speed write
processing.
1-2
C141-E234
1.1 Standard Features
When Write Cache is enabled, you should ensure that the cached data is
surely flushed to the disk media before you turn off the drive's power.
To ensure it, you should issue either the SYNCHRONIZE CACHE
command or the STOP UNIT command with specifying “0” to the
Immediate bit, and then confirm that the command is surely terminated
with the GOOD STATUS.
(9)
Command queuing feature
The HDD can queue maximum 128 commands, and optimizes the issuing order of queued commands
by the reordering function. This feature realizes the high speed processing.
(10)
(11)
Reserve and release functions
The HDD can be accessed exclusively in the multi-host or multi-initiator environment by using the
reserve and release functions.
Enclosure service function
The HDD supports the enclosure service interface (ESI), which complies with SFF-8067. The ESI
interface enables use of the SCSI-3 enclosure service command set (SES) so that the functions that
specify and read enclosure service information can be used.
C141-E234
1-3
General Description
(12)
Error recovery
The HDD can try to recover from errors in Fibre Channel Loop or the disk drive using its powerful
retry processing. If a recoverable data check occurs, error-free data can be transferred to the initiator
after being corrected in the data buffer. The initiator software is released from the complicated error
recover processing by these error recovery functions of the HDD.
(13)
(14)
Automatic alternate block reassignment
If a defective data block is detected during read or write the HDD can automatically reassign its
alternate data block.
Programmable data block length
Data can be accessed in fixed-block length units. The data block length is programmable, and can be
specified at initializing with a multiple of four within the range of 512 to 528 bytes.
Error rate increase
1. The drive format at factory shipment is generally 512 bytes.
2. The recoverable Error of the drive might increase when the format would
be modified from 512 bytes to the following values:
516 bytes, 520 bytes, 524 bytes, 528 bytes.
3. The recoverable Error referred here is sense data (1-13-xx).
(15)
Defective block slipping
A logical data block can be reallocated in a physical sequence by slipping the defective data block at
formatting. This results in high speed contiguous data block processing without a revolution delay
due to defective data block.
(16)
(17)
High speed positioning
A rotary voice coil motor achieves fast positioning with high performance access control.
Large capacity
A large capacity can be obtained from the HDD by dividing all cylinders into several partitions and
changing the recording density on each partition (constant density recording). The disk subsystem
with large capacity can be constructed in the good space efficiency.
(18)
Start/Stop of spindle motor
Using the SCSI command, the host system can start and stop the spindle motor.
1-4
C141-E234
1.2 Hardware Structure
(19)
(20)
Diagnosis
The HDD has a diagnostic capability which checks internal controller functions and drive operations
to facilitate testing and repair.
Low power consumption
By using highly integrated LSI components, the power consumption of the HDD is very low, and this
enables the unit to be used in wide range of environmental conditions.
(21)
(22)
Low noise and low vibration
The noise level is low; approx. 3.5 Bels at Ready for the drive. This makes it ideal for office use.
Microcode downloading
The HDD implements the microcode download feature. This feature easily achieves maintenance
and function enhancement of the HDD.
1.2
Hardware Structure
An outer view of the HDD is given in Figures 1.1. The HDD has a disk enclosure (DE) and a printed
circuit assembly (PCA). The DE includes heads on an actuator and disks on a spindle motor
mounted on the DE. The PCA includes a read/write circuit and a controller circuit.
Figure 1.1 FC model drives outer view
(1)
Disks
The disks have an outer diameter of 70 mm (2.8 inch) and an inner diameter of 25 mm (0.98 inch).
The disks are good for at least 50,000 contact starts and stops.
C141-E234
1-5
General Description
(2)
(3)
(4)
Heads
The MR (Magnet - Resistive) of the CSS (contact start/stop) type heads are in contact with the disks
when the disks are not rotating, and automatically float when the rotation is started.
Spindle motor
The disks are rotated by a direct-drive hall-less DC spindle motor. The motor speed is controlled by
a feedback circuit using the counter electromotive current to precisely maintain the specified speed.
Actuator
The actuator, which uses a rotary voice coil motor (VCM), consumes little power and generates little
heat. The heads at the end of the actuator arm are controlled and positioned via feedback of servo
information in the data.
The heads are positioned on the CCS zone over the disks when the power is off or the spindle motor
is stopped.
(5)
Air circulation (recirculation filter, breather filter)
The disk enclosure (DE) configures a clean room to keep out particles and other contaminants. The
DE has a closed-loop air recirculation system. Using the movement of the rotating disks, air is
continuously cycled through a filter. This filter will trap any particles floating inside the enclosure
and keep the air inside the DE contaminant free. To prevent negative pressure in the vicinity of the
spindle when the disks begin rotating, a breather filter is attached. The breather filter also equalizes
the internal air pressure with the atmospheric pressure due to surrounding temperature changes.
(6)
(7)
Read/write circuit
The read/write circuit utilizes a read channel mounted with a head IC that supports high-speed
transmission and an MEEPR4ML (Modified Enhanced Extended Partial Response Class 4 Maximum
Likelihood) modulation/demodulation circuit in order to prevent errors being triggered by external
noise and to improve data reliability.
Controller circuit
The controller circuit uses LSIs to increase the reliability and uses a high speed microprocessing unit
(MPU) to increase the performance of the FC controller.
1-6
C141-E234
1.3 System Configuration
1.3
System Configuration
For the Fibre Channel, the ANSI standard defines Arbitrated Loop, Fabric, and Point-to-Point
technologies. The drives support the Arbitrated Loop technology. Figure 1.2 gives an example of
the FC-AL system configuration.
Port B
Port A
Port B
Port A
BC
BC
BC
BC
Initiator
(Node-1)
Drive
(Node-2)
Port B
Port A
Port B
Port A
BC
BC
BC
BC
Drive
(Node-4)
Drive
(Node-3)
Figure 1.2 Example of FC-AL system configuration
Any device connected to the Fibre Channel is called a node. The nodes shown in Figure 1.2
represent the initiator and individual disk drives. Each node has at least one port called an N_port.
For FC-AL, each port is called a Node-Loop port (NL_port).
The drives have two ports, one of which is used for connections to an FC-AL. A maximum of 126
NL_ports can be connected to a single port.
(1)
Loop configuration
A port embedded with sending and receiving circuits uses differential signals to send and receive data
on electric signal lines. A pair of signal lines is called a link. Since signals are sent in one direction
on a link, the links in a system must be connected to form a loop. The FC-AL interface sends and
receives data via nodes on the loop. Therefore, if a node connected to a loop is powered off or the
interface signals of a node cannot be sent or received correctly, the loop does not work normally. A
common solution preventing this problem from occurring is to add a port bypass circuit on the back
plane of the system. BC in Figure 1.2 indicates the port bypass circuit.
(2)
Node addressing
A specific device number called a SEL ID is assigned to each node on a Fibre Channel loop. The
combination of signal levels on the back plane is used to define the SEL ID of a disk drive. The
signal levels are sent on the seven signals (from SEL_0 to SEL_6) from CN1, which serves as an
SCA interface connector. SEL_6 is the most significant bit (MSB), having a bit weight of the sixth
power of 2, and SEL_0 is the least significant bit (LSB), having a bit weight of the zeroth power of 2.
Any number from 0 (X’00) to 125 (X’7D’) can be assigned as the SEL ID of a disk drive.
C141-E234
1-7
This page is intentionally left blank.
CHAPTER 2
Specifications
2.1 Hardware Specifications
This chapter describes specifications of the HDD.
2.1
Hardware Specifications
2.1.1
Model name and order number
Each model has different recording capacities when shipped.
Table 2.1 lists the model name and order number.
The data format can be changed by reinitializing with the user's system.
Table 2.1
Model names and order numbers
Capacity
(user area)
Model name
Order number
CA06693-B400
Interface type
MAX3147FC
MAX3073FC
MAX3036FC
SCA2, FC-AL
SCA2, FC-AL
SCA2, FC-AL
147.0 GB (*)
73.5 GB (*)
36.7 GB (*)
CA06693-B200
CA06693-B100
(*) 1GB=1,000,000,000 bytes
C141-E234
2-1
Specifications
2.1.2
Function specifications
Table 2.2 shows the function specifications of the HDD.
Table 2.2
Function specifications
Specification
MAX3073FC
73.5 GB (*2)
2
Item
MAX3147FC
MAX3036FC
Formatted capacity/device (*1)
Number of disks
147.0 GB (*2)
36.7 GB (*2)
4
8
1
2
Number of heads
4
Number of rotations min-1 (rpm)
Average latency time
Track to Track
15,000 ± 0.2%
2.00 ms
0.2 ms/0.4 ms
3.3 ms/3.8 ms
8.0 ms/9.0 ms
30 s typ. (60 s max.)
30 s typ.
Seek time (*3)
(Read/Write)
Average
Full stroke
Start time
Start/stop time
(*4)
Stop time
Recording mode
Height:
32/34 MEEPRML
25.4 mm
External
dimensions
Width:
101.6 mm
Depth:
146.0 mm
Weight
0.8 kg max.
14.0 W typ.
Cable length: 30 m max.
58 Gbit/inch2
Power consumption (*5)
Interface
Areal density
Data transfer
Disk drive
rate (*6)
147.0 MB/s
FC-AL
212.5 MB/s max.
Logical data block length
512, 516, 520, 524, 528 byte (Fixed length) (*7)
FC-PLDA (NCITS TR-19),
Command specification
FC-PH (ANSI X3.230-1994), FC-PH-2 (ANSI X3.297-1996),
FC-AL (ANSI X3.272-199X), SCSI-FCP (ANSI X3.269-199X)
Data buffer
8 MB FIFO ring buffer (*8)
3.5 Bels typ.
Acoustic noise (Idle)
(*1)
(*2)
The formatted capacity can be changed by changing the logical block length and using spare sector
space. See Chapter 3 for the further information. The formatted capacity listed in the table is an
estimate for 512 bytes per sector.
1GB=1,000,000,000 bytes
2-2
C141-E234
2.1 Hardware Specifications
(*3)
The seek time is as follows:
Seek Difference [4096 Cyl/div]
(*4)
The start time is the time from power on or start command to when the HDD is ready, and the stop
time is the time for disks to completely stop from power off or stop command.
(*5)
This value indicates during idle mode. Power supply at nominal voltage 1%. 25°C ambient.
(*6) The maximum data transfer rate may be restricted to the response speed of initiator and by
transmission characteristics. 1MB/s=1,000,000 bytes/s.
(*7) Refer to 1.1 (14).
(*8) 1MB=1,048,576 bytes.
C141-E234
2-3
Specifications
2.1.3
Environmental specifications
Table 2.3 lists environmental and power requirements.
Table 2.3
Environmental/power requirements
Specification
MAX3073FC
5 to 55°C
Item
MAX3147FC
MAX3036FC
Operating
Non-operating
–40 to 70°C
–40 to 70°C
Temperature
(*1)
Transport (within a week)
DE surface temperature at
operating
5 to 60°C
Gradient
15°C/h or less
5 to 95%RH
5 to 95%RH
5 to 95%RH
Operating
Non operating
Transport (within a week)
Relative
humidity
Maximum wet bulb
temperature
29°C (no condensation)
Operating (*3)
Non-operating (*4)
Transport (packaged)
Operating
0.6 mm (5 to 20Hz)/9.8 m/s2 (1G) (20 to 300 Hz) or less
3.1 mm (5 to 20Hz)/49m/s2 (5G) (20 to 300Hz) or less
3.1 mm (5 to 20Hz)/49m/s2 (5G) (20 to 300Hz) or less
637.4m/s2 (65G) / 2 ms duration
Vibration (*2)
Shock (*2)
Altitute
Non-operating
Transport (packaged)
Operating
2,451.7m/s2 (250G) / 2 ms duration
2,451.7m/s2 (250G) / 2 ms duration
–305 to +3,048 m (–1,000 to +10,000 feet)
–305 to +12,192 m (–1,000 to +40,000 feet)
0.75 A ave.
Non-operating
Idle
+12 VDC
±5%
Spin-up
3.0 A (peak within 100 µs)
Random
W/R
Power
1.0 A (about 80 IOPS)
0.96 A ave.
requirements
Input power
(*5)
Idle
+5 VDC
±5%
Random
W/R
1.2 A (about 80 IOPS)
250 mVp –p or less (*6)
Ripple (+5 V and +12 V)
2-4
C141-E234
2.1 Hardware Specifications
(*1)
(*2)
For detail condition, see Section 4.1.
Vibration applied to the drive is measured at near the mounting screw hole on the frame as much as
possible.
(*3)
(*4)
At random seek write/read and default on retry setting with log sweep vibration.
At power-off state after installation
Vibration displacement should be less than 2.5 mm.
(*5)
(*6)
Input voltages are specified at the drive connector side, during drive ready state.
High frequency noise (over 20MHz) is less than 100 mVp-p.
2.1.4
Error rate
Errors detected during initialization and replaced by alternate block assignments are not included in
the error rate. Data blocks to be accessed should be distributed over the disk medium equally.
(1)
Unrecoverable error rate
Errors which cannot be recovered within 63 retries and ECC correction should not exceed 10 per 1016
bits read.
Data loss
The drive adopts Reed-Solomon code for ECC. The sector-data is
divided into 3 interleaving sectors, and ECC is performed in each
sector where the maximum number of errors (up to 9 byte) can be
corrected. [Total maximum byte: 9 byte × 3 ( interleave) = 27 byte]
If the error of read sector keeps allowable error byte number,
correction is performed.
However, if error byte exceeds its allowable number, correction may
not be performed properly.
(2)
Positioning error rate
Positioning errors which can be recovered by one retry should be 10 or less per 108 seeks.
2.1.5
Reliability
(1)
Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF)
MTBF of the HDD during its life time is 1,200,000 hours (operating: 24 hours/day, 7 days/week
average DE surface temperature: 50°C or less).
C141-E234
2-5
Specifications
Note:
The MTBF is defined as:
Operating time (hours) at all field sites
The number of equipment failures from all field sites
MTBF =
Failure of the equipment means failure that requires repair, adjustments, or replacement.
Mishandling by the operator, failures due to bad environmental conditions, power trouble, host
system trouble, cable failures, or other failures not caused by the equipment are not considered.
(2)
(3)
Mean Time To Repair (MTTR)
MTTR is the average time taken by a well-trained service mechanic to diagnose and repair a drive
malfunction. The drive is designed for a MTTR of 30 minutes or less.
Service life
The service life under suitable conditions and treatment is as follows.
The service life is depending on the environment temperature. Therefore, the user must design the
system cabinet so that the average DE surface temperature is as low as possible.
•
•
•
•
•
•
DE surface temperature: 40°C or less
DE surface temperature: 41°C to 45°C
DE surface temperature: 46°C to 50°C
DE surface temperature: 51°C to 55°C
DE surface temperature: 56°C to 60°C
5 years
4.5 years
4 years
3.5 years
3 years
DE surface temperature: Exceeding 60°C Without warranty
(keep the DE surface temperature 60°C or less)
Even if the HDD is used intermittently, the longest service life is 5 years.
Note:
The "average DE surface temperature" means the average temperature at the DE surface
throughout the year when the HDD is operating.
2-6
C141-E234
2.1 Hardware Specifications
(4)
Data security at power failure
Integrity of the data on the disk is guaranteed against all forms of DC power failure except on blocks
where a write operation is being performed. The above does not applied to formatting disks or
assigning alternate blocks.
C141-E234
2-7
This page is intentionally left blank.
CHAPTER 3
Data Format
3.1 Data Space
3.2 Logical Data Block Addressing
3.3 Defect Management
This chapter explains data space definition, logical data block addressing, and defect management on the
HDD.
3.1
Data Space
The HDD manages the entire data storage area divided into the following three data spaces.
•
•
•
User space: Storage area for user data
Internal test space: Reserved area for diagnostic purposes
System space: Area for exclusive use of the HDD itself
The user space allows a user access by specifying data. These spaces can be accessed with the
logical data block addressing method described in Section 3.2. The internal test space is used by
Read/write test of self-diagnostics test, but user can’t use direct access. The system space is accessed
inside the HDD at power-on or during the execution of a specific command, but the user cannot
directly access the system space.
3.1.1
Cylinder configuration
The HDD allocates cylinders to the user space, Internal test space, and system space. Figure 3.1 is
the cylinder configuration.
Spare areas (alternate areas) for defective sectors are provided in the user space. Several sectors in
the last track of one cell and the last cylinder (alternate cylinders) in one zone are allocated as
alternate areas according to the user's assignment (MODE SELECT command). See Subsection 3.1.2
for details.
C141-E234
3-1
Data Format
Cylinder –154
to
Cylinder –147
Internal test cylinder
Internal test space
System space
~
~
~
~
SA139
•
Cylinder –143
to
Cylinder –4
~
~
~
~
SA0
Zone
Cell Cylinder
0
User Space for Cell 0-0
0
1
•
Spare Sectors per Cell 0-0
26
27
28
•
User Space for Cell 1-0
1
User Space
0
53
Spare Sectors per Cell 1-0
(Primary Cylinder
0 - (n-1))
•
m-26
User Space for Cell P1-0
P1
•
Spare Sectors per Cell P1-0
Alternate Cylinder
m
(1)
User Space for Cell xx-1
1
:
User Space for Cell yy-17
17
n
Note: Spare sectors on the last track in each cylinder are not necessarily placed at the end of the track
because of a track skew or a cylinder skew. (Details are explained in Subsection 3.1.3.)
Figure 3.1 Cylinder configuration
Apart from the above logical configuration, the HDD intends to increase the storage capacity by
dividing all cylinders into several zones and changing a recording density of each zone.
3-2
C141-E234
3.1 Data Space
(1)
User space
The user space is a storage area for user data. The data format on the user space (the length of data
block and the number of data blocks) can be specified with the MODE SELECT or MODE SELECT
EXTENDED command.
The user can also specify the number of logical data blocks to be placed in the user space with the
MODE SELECT or MODE SELECT EXTENDED command. When the number of logical data
blocks is specified, as many cylinders as required to place the specified data blocks are allocated in
the user space.
A number starting with 0 is assigned to each cylinder required in the user space in ascending order.
If the number of cylinders do not reach the maximum, the rest of the cylinders will not be used.
Always one cylinder is located at the end of each zone in the user space as an alternate cylinder.
Alternate cylinders will be used for alternate blocks. See Subsections 3.1.2 and 3.3.2 for details.
(2)
(3)
Internal test space
The Internal test space is an area for diagnostic purposes only and its data block length is always
512 bytes. The Internal test space consists of 8 cylinders and outer-most cylinder is always assigned
(cylinder −147 to −154). The user cannot change the number of cylinders in the Internal test space or
their positions.
System space
The system space is an area for exclusive use of the HDD itself and the following information are
recorded.
•
•
•
•
Defect list (P list and G list)
MODE SELECT parameter (saved value)
Statistical information (log data)
Controller control information
The above information is duplicated in several different locations for safety.
Note:
The system space is also called SA space.
C141-E234
3-3
Data Format
3.1.2
Alternate spare area
The alternate spare area consists of the last track of each cell in the user space and an alternate
cylinder allocated to the last cylinder of each zone.
The spare area in each cell is placed at the end of the last track as shown in Figure 3.2. These spare
sectors are located in the end of the track logically, not necessarily located at the end physically
because of track skew or cylinder skew. (Details are explained on Subsection 3.1.3.)
Size can be specified by the MODE SELECT command.
The number of spare sectors per cell can be specified from 0 to 200. The default for the spare sectors
number is 200.
Cell
Note: This drive manages alternate spare areas for each cell, which is a set of cylinders. One cell
consists of 27 cylinders.
Figure 3.2 Spare area in cell
An alternate cylinder is used when spare sectors in a cell are used up or 0 is specified as the number
of spare sectors in a cell. 1 cylinder at the end of each zone of the user space is allocated as alternate
cylinders as shown in Figure 3.3.
The user space and the CE space share the alternate cylinders.
Zone
Note: The number of alternate cylinders cannot be changed.
Figure 3.3 Alternate cylinder
3-4
C141-E234
3.1 Data Space
3.1.3
Track format
(1)
Physical sector allocation
Figure 3.4 shows the allocation of the physical sectors in a track. The length in bytes of each
physical sector and the number of sectors per track vary depending on the logical data block length.
The unused area (G4) exists at the end of the track in formats with most logical data block lengths.
The interval of the sector pulse (length of the physical sector) is decided by the HDD internal free
running clock frequency. This clock is not equal to the interval of the byte clock for each zone.
Therefore, the physical sector length cannot be described with a byte length.
Servo frame
Figure 3.4 Track format
(2)
Track skew and head skew
To avoid waiting for one turn involved in head and cylinder switching, the first logical data block in
each track is shifted by the number of sectors (track skew and head skew) corresponding to the
switching time. Figure 3.5 shows how the data block is allocated in each track.
At the cylinder switching location in a head, the first logical data block in track t + 1 is allocated at
the sector position which locates the track skew behind the sector position of the last logical data
block sector in track t.
At the head switching location, like the cylinder switching location, the first logical data block in a
head is allocated at the sector position which locates the head skew behind the last logical sector
position in the preceding head. The last logical sector in the cell is allocated when formatting, and is
an unused spare sector.
C141-E234
3-5
Data Format
Track skew
Head
Track skew
Head skew
Head
Leading logical
sector in head p+1
Figure 3.5 Track skew/head skew
The number of physical sectors (track skew factor and head skew factor) corresponding to the skew
time varies depending on the logical data block length because the track skew and the head skew are
managed for individual sectors. The HDD automatically determines appropriate values for the track
skew factor and the head skew factor according to the specified logical data block length. The value
can be read out by the MODE SENSE or MODE SENSE EXTENDED command after the track has
been formatted.
3.1.4
Sector format
Each sector on the track consists of an ID field, a data field, and a gap field which separates them.
Figure 3.6 gives sector format examples.
SCT
SCT
PLO
SM1 DATA1 SM2 DATA2 BCRC ECC
PAD
G1 Sync
G2
Servo
SCT
G3
SCT
G1 Sync
PLO
PLO
G1 Sync
SM1 DATA1 SM2 DATA4 BCRC ECC
SM1 DATA1 SM2 DATA3
PAD
PAD
G2
Figure 3.6 Sector format
3-6
C141-E234
3.1 Data Space
Each sector on the track consists of the following fields:
(1)
(2)
Gaps (G1, G2, G3)
No pattern is written on the gap field.
PLO Sync
In this field, pattern X'00' is written.
(3)
(4)
Sync Mark (SM1, SM2)
In this field, special pattern is written. This special pattern indicates the beginning of the data field.
Data field (DATA1-DATA4)
User data is stored in the data field of the sector. The length of the data field is equal to that of the
logical data block which is specified with a parameter in the MODE SELECT command. Any
multiple of 4 between 512 and 528 bytes can be specified as the length.
(5)
(6)
(7)
BCRC
It is a 4-byte error detection code. Errors in the ID field. Single burst errors with lengths of up to 32
bits for each logical block can be detected.
ECC
This is the 54-byte code that allows detection and correction of errors in the data field, which is
capable of correcting the single burst error up to 216 bits max. on the fly.
PAD
A specified length of x‘00’ pattern is written in this field. This field includes the variation by rotation
and circuit delay till reading/writing.
C141-E234
3-7
Data Format
3.1.5
Format capacity
The size of the usable area for storing user data on the HDD (format capacity) varies according to the
logical data block or the size of the spare sector area. Table 3.1 lists examples of the format capacity
when the typical logical data block length and the default spare area are used. The following is the
general formula to calculate the format capacity.
[Number of sectors of each zone] = [number of sectors per track × number of tracks per cell –
number of alternate spare sectors per cell] × [number of cells in the zone]
[Formatted capacity] = [total of sectors of all zones] ÷ [number of physical sectors in logical block] ×
[logical data block length]
The following formula must be used when the number of logical data blocks are specified with the
parameter in the MODE SELECT or MODE SELECT EXTENDED command.
[Format capacity] = [logical data block length] × [number of logical data blocks]
The logical data block length, the maximum logical block address, and the number of the logical data
blocks can be read out by a READ CAPACITY, MODE SENSE, or MODE SENSE EXTENDED
command after initializing the disk medium.
Table 3.1
Format capacity
Model
Data block length
User blocks
Format capacity (GB)
MAX3147FC
MAX3073FC
MAX3036FC
287,277,984
143,638,992
71,819,496
147.0 (*)
73.5 (*)
36.7 (*)
512
(*) 1GB=1,000,000,000 bytes
Note:
Total number of spare sectors is calculated by adding the number of spare sectors in each primary
cylinder and the number of sectors in the alternate cylinders.
3.2
Logical Data Block Addressing
Independently of the physical structure of the disk drive, the HDD adopts the logical data block
addressing as a data access method on the disk medium. The HDD relates a logical data block
address to each physical sector at formatting. Data on the disk medium is accessed in logical data
block units. The initiator specifies the data to be accessed using the logical data block address of that
data.
The logical data block addressing is a function whereby individual data blocks are given addresses of
serial hexadecimal numbers in each drive.
3-8
C141-E234
3.2 Logical Data Block Addressing
(1)
Block address of user space
The logical data block address number is consecutively assigned to all of the data blocks in the user
space starting with 0 to the first data block.
The HDD treats sector 0, track 0, cylinder 0 as the first logical data block. The data block is
allocated in ascending order of addresses in the following sequence (refer to Figure 3.5):
1) Logical data blocks are assigned in ascending order of sector number in the same track.
2) Subsequent logical data blocks are assigned in ascending order of track number in the same head.
Within the same track, logical data blocks are assigned in the same way as step 1).
3) Subsequent logical data blocks are assigned to sectors in every track except the last track in
ascending order of track number in the same cell. Within the same track, logical data blocks are
assigned in the same way as step 1) and 2).
4) For the last track in the same cell, subsequent logical data blocks are assigned to sectors other
than spare sectors in ascending order of sector number.
5) After blocks have been assigned in the same cell according to steps 1) to 4), subsequent logical
data blocks are assigned in ascending order of cell number in the same way as in steps 1) to 4).
Logical data blocks are assigned starting from track 0 in the next cell until the last cylinder
(immediately preceding the alternate cylinder n-1 shown in Figure 3.1) of the zone except
alternate cylinders in cells in the user space.
When the logical data block is allocated, some sectors (track skew and head skew) shown in Figure
3.5 are provided to avoid waiting for one turn involving head and cylinder switching at the location
where the track or the head is physically switched.
See Subsection 3.3.2 for defective/alternate block treatment and the logical data block allocation
method in case of defective sectors exist on the disk.
(2)
Alternate area
Alternate areas in the user space (spare sectors in the cell and alternate cylinders) are not included in
the above logical data block addresses. Access to sectors which are allocated as an alternate block in
the alternate area is made automatically by means of the HDD sector slip treatment or alternate block
treatment (explained in Subsection 3.3.2), so the user does not have to worry about accessing the
alternate area. The user cannot access with specifying the data block on the alternate area explicitly.
C141-E234
3-9
Data Format
3.3
Defect Management
3.3.1
Defect list
Information of the defect location on the disk is managed by the defect list. The following are defect
lists which the HDD manages.
•
P list (Primary defect list): This list consists of defect location information available at the disk
drive shipment and is recorded in a system space. The defects in this list are permanent, so the
initiator must execute the alternate block allocation using this list when initializing the disk.
•
D list (Data defect list): This list consists of defect location information specified in a FORMAT
UNIT command by the initiator at the initialization of the disk. This information is recorded in
the system space of the disk drive as the G list. To execute the alternate block allocation, the
FORMAT UNIT command must be specified.
•
G list (Growth defect list): This list consists of defective logical data block location information
specified in a REASSIGN BLOCKS command by the initiator, information on defective logical
data blocks assigned alternate blocks by means of the HDD automatic alternate block allocation,
information specified as the D list, and information generated as the C list. They are recorded in
the system space on the disk drive.
The initiator can read out the contents of the P and G lists by the READ DEFECT DATA command.
3.3.2
Alternate block allocation
The alternate data block is allocated to a defective data block (= sectors) in defective sector units by
means of the defect management method inside the HDD.
The initiator can access all logical data blocks in the user space, as long as there is no error.
Spare sectors to which alternate blocks are allocated can be provided in "alternate cylinders". See
Subsection 3.1.2 for details.
The initiator can specify the size and area for spare sectors by the MODE SELECT command at the
time of the initialization of the disk.
Both of the following are applicable to the alternate block allocation.
•
Sector slip treatment: Defective sectors are skipped and the logical data block corresponding to
those sectors is allocated to the next physical sectors. This treatment is made on the same cell as
the defective sector's and is effective until all spare sectors in that cell are used up.
•
Alternate sector treatment: The logical data block corresponding to defective sectors is allocated
to unused spare sectors in the alternate cylinder.
The alternate block allocation is executed by the FORMAT UNIT command, the REASSIGN
BLOCKS command, or the automatic alternate block allocation. Refer to Chapter 4 “Command
Specifications” and Subsection 5.3.2 “Auto alternate block allocation processing” of the Fibre
Channel Interface Specifications for details of specifications on these commands. The logical data
block is allocated to the next physically continued sectors after the above sector slip treatment is
made. On the other hand, the logical data block is allocated to spare sectors which are not physically
consecutive to the adjacent logical data blocks. If a command which processes several logical data
blocks is specified, the HDD processes those blocks in ascending order of logical data block.
3-10
C141-E234
3.3 Defect Management
(1)
Alternate block allocation during FORMAT UNIT command execution
When the FORMAT UNIT command is specified, the allocation of the alternate block to those
defective sectors included in the specified lists (P, G, or D) is continued until all spare sectors in the
same cell are used up. When they are used up, unused spare sectors in the alternate cylinder are
allocated to the subsequent sectors in the cylinder by means of alternate sector treatment. Figure 3.7
is examples of the alternate block allocation during the FORMAT UNIT command execution.
: n represents a logical data block number
: Defective sector
: Unused spare sector
Figure 3.7 Alternate block allocation by FORMAT UNIT command
During FORMAT UNIT command, alternate block allocation is conducted in following cases:
1) Unrecovered write offtrack condition during a media write
2) Uncorrectable Data Error during a media read (certification) *1
C141-E234
3-11
Data Format
If above errors are detected during FORMAT UNIT command, the HDD allocates the alternate
block(s) to the defective data blocks. Reassign procedure itself is the same as one in REASSIGN
BLOCKS command.
*1 Certification is permitted when DCRT flag is cleared (DCRT flag=0) in FORMAT UNIT
command.
The HDD checks all initialized logical data blocks by reading them out after the above alternate
block allocation is made to initialize (format) the disk.
(2)
Alternate block allocation by REASSIGN BLOCKS command
When the REASSIGN BLOCKS command is specified, the alternate block is allocated to the
defective logical data block specified by the initiator by means of alternate sector treatment. The
alternate block is allocated to unused spare sectors in the alternate cylinder.
Figure 3.8 is examples of the alternate block allocation by the REASSIGN BLOCKS command.
Example Reassign: Block 16
: n represents a logical data block number
: Defective sector
: Unused spare sector
Figure 3.8 Alternate block allocation by REASSIGN BLOCKS command
3-12
C141-E234
3.3 Defect Management
(3)
Automatic alternate block allocation
Automatic alternate block allocation at read operation
•
If the ARRE flag in the MODE SELECT parameter permits the automatic alternate block allocation,
the HDD automatically executes the alternate block allocation and data duplication on the defective
data block detected during the READ or READ EXTENDED command. This allocation method is
the same as with the REASSIGN BLOCKS command (alternate sector treatment).
•
Automatic alternate block allocation at write operation
If AWRE flag in the MODE SELECT parameter permits the automatic alternate block allocation, the
HDD executes two kinds of automatic alternate processing during WRITE command processing as
described below:
Type 1 (Reassignment of Uncorrectable Read Error)
1) Commands to be applied
-
-
-
WRITE
WRITE EXTEND
WRITE at executing WRITE AND VERIFY
2) Application requirements
When any of the above commands is issued to LBA registered in the uncorrectable error log of
the READ command (LBA log of uncorrectable error while the READ command is executed),
the AWRE processing is applied.
3) AWRE processing
The following processings are performed when the LBA matches the one in the uncorrectable
error log:
a) Primary media check
-
Creates an uncorrectable error pattern (invalid LBA pattern) in the position of the error
LBA, repeats the primary media check up to three times. If the error still occurs after the
check repeated three times, it is judged to be defective. Then, it performs the alternate
processing.
b) Alternate processing
-
Alternate media check
Writes the data that causes an unrecoverable error into the alternate block, and performs
the media check.
(If the alternate block is a defective sector, the block is registered to the G list, another
alternate block is allocated.)
c) SA and defect map update processing (on alternate side)
When an error occurs in the alternate processing, this WRITE command terminates with error.
When the alternate processing normally terminates, the WRITE command is executed.
C141-E234
3-13
Data Format
Type 2 (Reassignment of write fail sector)
1) Commands to be applied
-
-
-
-
WRITE
WRITE EXTENDED
FORMAT UNIT
WRITE at executing WRITE AND VERIFY
2) Application requirements / processing
When WRITE/WRITE EXTENDED command detects any Servo error (e.g. Write offtrack error)
and cannot be recovered within pre-determined retry number (specified in Mode Parameter). For
the sectors around defective Servo, alternate blocks are allocated and the data of this WRITE
commands are re-written.
Sectors to be made AWRE shall be following:
-
-
-
-
the sector where the error occurs and the latter sectors and,
the sectors whose data are logically continual and stored in Cache,
the sectors which will be processed in this Write command and,
the sectors which locate between erroneous Servo -1 and +1 (including Split sector)
This function is also applied for the sector that has already been re-assigned.
Remark:
When a write protection is prohibited through the setting terminal, the auto alternate block
allocation processing specification is disabled.
Automatic alternate block allocation is made up to the following
quantities during the execution of one command:
ARRE = Twice
AWRE (Type 1) = Eight times
AWRE (Type 2) =Maximum number which can be processed within
the recovery time limit
If more than the above mentioned defective block is detected, the
alternate block assignment processing for the first defective block is
executed but the alternate block assignment processing for the second
one is not executed and the command being executed terminates.
However, the initiator can recover the twice error by issuing the same
command again.
When an error is detected in a data block in the data area, recovery
data is rewritten and verified in automatic alternate block allocation
during the execution of the READ or READ EXTENDED command.
Alternate block allocation will not be made for the data block if
recovery is successful.
Example: Even if the data error which is recoverable by the WRITE
LONG command is simulated, automatic alternate block
allocation will not be made for the data block.
3-14
C141-E234
CHAPTER 4
Installation Requirements
4.1 Mounting Requirements
4.2 Power Supply Requirements
4.3 Connection Requirements
This chapter describes the environmental, mounting, power supply, and connection requirements.
4.1
Mounting Requirements
External dimensions
4.1.1
Figures 4.1 show the external dimensions of the HDD and the location of the holes for the HDD
mounting screws.
C141-E234
4-1
Installation Requirements
The value marked with (*) indicates the dimension between mounting holes on the bottom face.
[Unit: mm]
Figure 4.1 Dimensions
4-2
C141-E234
4.1 Mounting Requirements
4.1.2
Mounting orientations
The permissible orientations of the HDD are shown in Figure 4.2, and the tolerance of the angle is
5° from the horizontal plane.
(a) Horizontal –1
(b) Horizontal –2
(c) Vertical –1
(d) Vertical –2
(e) Upright mounting –1
Direction of gravity
(f) Upright mounting –2
Figure 4.2 HDD orientations
4.1.3
Notes on mounting
Damage
Never remove any labels from the drive or deface them in any way.
C141-E234
4-3
Installation Requirements
(1)
Mounting screw
Use #6-32UNC.
(2)
Mounting frame structure
Special attention must be given to mount the HDD disk enclosure (DE) as follows.
a) Use the frame with an embossed structure, or the like. Mount the HDD with making a gap
of 2.5 mm or more between the HDD and the frame of the system.
b) As shown in Figure 4.3, the inward projection of the screw from the HDD frame wall at the
corner must be 5.0 mm or less.
c) Tightening torque of screw must be secured with 0.59N·m (6kgf·cm) 12%.
d) Impact caused by the electric screwdriver must be within the device specifications.
e) Must be handled on an anti-static mat.
5.0 or less
5.0 or less
Figure 4.3 Mounting frame structure
4-4
C141-E234
4.1 Mounting Requirements
(3)
Limitation of side-mounting
Use the four screw holes at the both ends on the both sides as shown in Figure 4.4. Do not use the
center hole by itself.
In case of using the center hole, it must be used in combination with two holes on both ends.
(Total six screws for six holes enclosed)
4
Holes for
mounting screw
3
In case of using a
2
center hole, use it in
combination with the
holes of both ends.
1
Holes for mounting screw
Use four holes (No.1 to No.4) to mount.
Figure 4.4 Limitation of side-mounting
(4)
(5)
Limitation of bottom-mounting
Use all four mounting holes on the bottom face.
Environmental temperature
Temperature condition at installed in a cabinet is indicated with ambient temperature measured
30 mm from the disk drive. At designing the system cabinet, consider following points.
•
•
Make a suitable air flow so that the DE surface temperature never exceed 60°C.
Cool the PCA side especially with air circulation inside the cabinet. Confirm the cooling effect
by measuring the surface temperature of specific ICs and the DE. These measurement results
must satisfy the temperature condition listed in Table 4.1.
•
Keeping the DE surface temperature at 50°C or below at ambient temperature 25°C, which is a
condition for assuring an MTBF of 1,200,000 hours, requires an air flow of 0.8 m/s.
C141-E234
4-5
Installation Requirements
Table 4.1
Surface temperature check point
No.
Measurement point
DE surface
Max. temperature on package
1
2
3
4
5
60°C
80°C
92°C
90°C
90°C
Read channel LSI
VCM/SPM Driver
HDC
MPU
3
5
2
1
4
Figure 4.5 Surface temperature measurement points
4-6
C141-E234
4.1 Mounting Requirements
(6)
Service clearance area
The service clearance area, or the sides which must allow access to the HDD for installation or
maintenance, is shown in Figure 4.6.
[Surface R]
• Hole for mounting screw
[Surface P]
• Cable connection
[Surface Q]
• Hole for mounting screw
Figure 4.6 Service clearance area
(7)
(8)
Environmental magnetic field
Do not install the HDD in the vicinity of equipment giving off strong magnetic fields, such as
monitors, televisions, or loudspeakers.
Leakage magnetic flux
The HDD uses a high performance magnet to achieve a high speed seek. Therefore, a leak magnetic
flux at surface of the HDD is large. Mount the HDD so that the leak magnetic flux does not affect to
near equipment.
C141-E234
4-7
Installation Requirements
4.2
Power Supply Requirements
(1)
Allowable input voltage and current
The power supply input voltage measured at the power supply connector pin of the HDD (receiving
end) must satisfy the requirement given in Subsection 2.1.3. (For other requirements, see Items (4)
below.)
(2)
Current waveform (reference)
Figure 4.7 shows the waveform of +12 VDC.
MAX3147FC
MAX3073FC
MAX3036FC
Time (2 sec/div)
Time (2 sec/div)
Time (2 sec/div)
Figure 4.7 Current waveform (+12 VDC)
(3)
(4)
Power on/off sequence
The order of the power on/off sequence of +5 VDC and +12 VDC, supplied to the HDD, does not
matter.
Sequential starting of spindle motors
After power is turned on to the HDD, a large amount of current flows in the +12 VDC line when the
spindle motor rotation starts. Therefore, if more than one HDD is used, the spindle motors should be
started sequentially using one of the following procedures to prevent overload of the power supply
unit.
a) Issue START/STOP commands at more than 12-second intervals to start the spindle motors. For
details of this command specification, refer to Fibre Channel Interface Specifications.
b) Turn on the +12 VDC power in the power supply unit at 12-second intervals or more to start the
spindle motors sequentially.
4-8
C141-E234
4.3 Connection Requirements
(5)
Noise filter
To eliminate AC line noise, a noise filter should be installed at the AC input terminal on the HDD
power supply unit. The specification of this noise filter is as follows:
•
•
Attenuation: 40 dB or more at 10 MHz
Circuit construction: T-configuration as shown in Figure 4.8 is recommended.
Figure 4.8 AC noise filter (recommended)
4.3
Connection Requirements
Connector
4.3.1
Figure 4.9 shows the location of interface connector.
Interface connector (CN1)
(including power supply)
Figure 4.9 Connector location
C141-E234
4-9
Installation Requirements
4.3.2
Interface connector
The connector for the Fibre Channel Loop is an unshielded SCA-2 connector which has two 20-
pin rows spaced 1.27 mm (0.05 inch) apart. Figure 4.10 shows the connector. See Appendix A
for signal assignments on the connector.
For details on the physical/electrical requirements of the interface signals, refer to Section 1.3
“Physical Requirements, Electrical Requirements” of the Fibre Channel Interface Specifications.
Figure 4.10 SCA2 type connector
4-10
C141-E234
CHAPTER 5
Installation
5.1 Notes on Handling Drives
5.2 Setting
5.3 Mounting Drives
5.4 Checking Operation after Installation and Preparing
the HDD for Use
5.5 Dismounting Drives
5.6 Spare Disk Drive
This chapter describes the notes on handling drives, setting, mounting drives, confirming drive operations
after installation and preparation for use, and dismounting drives.
5.1
Notes on Handling Drives
The items listed in the specifications in Table 2.1 must be strictly observed.
(1)
General notes
a) Do not give the drive shocks or vibrations exceeding the value defined in the specifications
because it may cause critical damage to the drive. Especially be careful when unpacking.
b) Do not leave the drive in a dirty or contaminated environment.
c) Since static discharge may damaged the CMOS semiconductors in the drive, note the following
after unpacking:
•
•
Use an antistatic mat and body grounding when handling the drive.
Hold the DE when handling the drive. Do not touch PCAs except for setting.
Hot temperature
To prevent injury, never touch the drive while it is hot. The DE and
LSI become hot during operation and remain hot immediately after
turning off the power.
C141-E234
5-1
Installation
(2)
Unpackaging
a) Use a flat work area. Check that the "This Side Up" sign side is up. Handle the package on soft
material such as a rubber mat, not on hard material such as a desk.
b) Be careful not to give excess pressure to the internal unit when removing cushions.
c) Be careful not to give excess pressure to the PCA and interface connector when removing the
drive from the Fcell.
d) Never remove any labels from the drive. Never open the disk enclosure for any reason.
(3)
Installation/removal/replacement
a) Do not attempt to connect or disconnect connections when power is on.
b) Do not move the drive when power is turned on or until the drive completely stops (for 30
seconds) after power is turned off.
c) Place and keep removed screws and other parts where they will not get lost or damaged.
d) Keep a record of all maintenance work for replacing.
(4)
(5)
(6)
Packaging
a) Store the drive in an antistatic case (Fcell).
b) It is recommended to use the same cushions and packages as those at delivery. If those at
delivery cannot be used, use a package with shock absorption so that the drive is free from direct
shocks. In this case, fully protect the PCAs and interface connector so that they are not damaged.
Delivery
a) When delivering the drive, provide packaging and do not turn it over.
b) Minimize the delivery distance after unpacking and avoid shocks and vibrations with cushions.
For the carrying direction at delivery, use one of the mount allowable directions in Subsection
4.1.2.
Storage
a) Provide moistureproof packaging for storage.
b) The storage environment must satisfy the requirements specified in Subsection 2.1.3 when the
drive is not operating.
c) To prevent condensation, avoid sudden changes in temperature.
5-2
C141-E234
5.2 Setting
5.2
Setting
5.2.1
Loop ID setting
When setting the fibre channel loop ID, use SEL0 to SEL6 of interface connector CN1. IN bit
weighting, SEL6 corresponds to the MSB, SEL0 to the LSB, and 126 types of X'00' to X'7D' can be
specified as loop IDs.
5.2.2
Mode settings
(1)
Motor start mode
The method for start control of the HDD spindle motor can be set in accordance with Table 5.1.
Table 5.1
Motor start mode
Setting
Signal name
Start_2/Mated
Start_1/Mated
Start mode
Connector pin
CN1-10 pin
Open
CN1-09 pin
Open
The drive is not connected to the system. The drive does not start the
spindle motor.
Open
GND
GND
GND
Open
GND
The drive is connected to the system. After recognizing the
connection, the drive starts the spindle motor upon receipt of a
START/STOP UNIT command.
The drive is connected to the system. After recognizing the
connection, the drive starts the spindle motor after a prescribed delay
time has elapsed.
The drive is connected to the system. The drive starts the spindle
motor immediately after recognizing the connection.
Set the loop ID so that there are no duplicates between devices on the
same loop.
C141-E234
5-3
Installation
5.3
Mounting Drives
5.3.1
Mounting procedures
Since mounting the drive depends on the system cabinet structure, determine the work procedures
considering the requirements specific to each system. The general mounting method and items to be
checked are shown below.
See Subsection 4.1 for the details of requirements for installing the HDD.
1) With a system to which an external operator panel is mounted, if it is difficult to access the
connector after the drive is mounted on the system cabinet, connect the external operator panel
cable before mounting the drive.
2) Fix the drive in the system cabinet with four mounting screws as follows:
•
•
•
The drive has 10 mounting holes (both sides: 3 × 2, bottom: 4). Fix the drive by using four
mounting holes of both sides of the drive or the bottom. (See Figure 4.4)
Use mounting screws of which lengths inside the drive mounting frame are 5.0 mm or less
when the screws are tightened (see Figure 4.3).
When mounting the drive, be careful not to damage parts on the PCA.
3) Confirm the DE is not touching the frame on the system side excluding the screw installing part
after tightening the screws. At least 2.5mm of clearance is required between the DE and the
frame. (Indicated in Figure 4.3)
4) When using an electric screwdriver, use an electric screwdriver that does not apply a force on the
drive that would exceed the drive’s specifications.
5-4
C141-E234
5.4 Checking Operation after Installation and Preparing the HDD for Use
5.4
Checking Operation after Installation and Preparing the HDD for Use
Checking initial operation
5.4.1
This section explains how to check operation after power is turned on. Since the initial operation of
an HDD differs depending on the settings of the motor start mode, check the following initial
operations according to the motor start mode set during installation.
(1)
Initial operation if the settings have been specified so that turning power on automatically starts
rotating the motor
a) When power is turned on, the Active LED blinks and the HDD starts the initial self-diagnosis.
b) If the initial self-diagnosis detects a problem, the HDD sends the Fault LED Out signal to the
interface connector, as specified by SFF8045.
Remark: The spindle motor may or may not start rotating in this stage.
c) If the HDD is in idle mode, the Active LED remains lit. (When the initiator accesses the HDD,
the LED goes off and then goes on again at the end of the processing requested by the initiator.)
(2)
Initial operation if the settings have been specified so that the START/STOP UNIT command is used
to start rotating the motor
a) When power is turned on, the Active LED goes on momentarily and the HDD starts the initial
self-diagnosis.
b) If the initial self-diagnosis detects a problem, the HDD sends the Fault LED Out signal to the
interface connector, as specified by SFF8045.
c) The spindle motor does not rotate until the START/STOP UNIT command is received. The
initiator is required to use the procedure described in Section 5.4.2 to send the START/STOP
UNIT command.
d) About 60 seconds after the START/STOP UNIT command is received, the disk drive enters the
READY state. The HDD then starts reading system information from the system space on disks.
e) The Active LED goes off while the command is being executed.
Take the following actions if a problem occurs:
(3)
a) Check if all cables are correctly connected.
b) Check if the power supply voltage is correct. (Measure the voltage at the power connector on the
HDD.)
c) Continuous sending of the Fault LED Out signal to the interface connector indicates the initial
self-diagnosis has detected a problem. In this event and if the situation allows, sense data should
be obtained by issuing the REQEUST SENSE command from the initiator (host system). Sense
data is information required for troubleshooting.
C141-E234
5-5
Installation
The Active LED goes off while the HDD command is being executed.
For some commands, however, since the Active LED goes off for only a
fraction of a second, the Active LED looks like it flashes or remains lit.
5.4.2
Checking connection
When the initial operation is checked normally after power is turned on, check that the HDD is
connected to the loop from the host system. Although checking the connection depends on the
structure of the host system, this section describes the general procedures.
(1)
Checking procedure
Issuing the commands and determining the end status depends on the start mode of the spindle motor
and UNIT ATTENTION report mode (specified with setting terminal). Figure 5.1 shows the
recommended checking procedure for the mode that the motor starts when power is turned on.
Figure 5.2 shows for the mode that the motor starts by the START/STOP command. In these
recommended checking procedures, following items are checked.
Note:
Following steps a) to d) correspond to a) to d) in Figures 5.1 and 5.2.
a) Issue the TEST UNIT READY command and check that the HDD is connected correctly to
the loop and the initial operation after power is turned on ended normally. The command
issue period of the TEST UNIT READY command shall be more than 20 ms.
b) To control starting of the spindle motor from the host system, issue the START/STOP
UNIT command to start the spindle motor.
c) Check the loop operations with the WRITE BUFFER and READ BUFFER commands.
d) Start the HDD self-diagnostic test with the SEND DIAGNOSTIC command and check the
basic operations of the controller and disk drive.
5-6
C141-E234
5.4 Checking Operation after Installation and Preparing the HDD for Use
Motor starts when power is turned on
d)
(60
Figure 5.1 Checking the HDD connection (A)
C141-E234
5-7
Installation
Motor starts by START/STOP command
* Executing time: about 60 seconds
1
Figure 5.2 Checking the HDD connection (B)
5-8
C141-E234
5.4 Checking Operation after Installation and Preparing the HDD for Use
(2)
Checking at abnormal end
a) When sense data can be obtained with the REQUEST SENSE command, analyze the sense data
and retry recovery for a recoverable error. Refer to Chapter 5 “Sense Data and Error Recovery
Method” of the Fibre Channel Interface Specifications for further details.
b) Check the setting of the terminals. Note that the checking procedure of loop connection differs
depending on the setting of the motor start mode and UNIT ATTENTION report mode.
5.4.3
Formatting
Since the disk drive is formatted with a specific (default) data format for each model (part number)
when shipped from the factory, the disk need not be formatted (initialized) when it is installed in the
system.
However, when the system needs data attributes different from the default format, all recording
surface of the disk must be formatted (initialized) according to the procedures below.
The user can change the following data attributes at initialization:
•
•
•
Logical data block length
Number of logical data blocks in the user space
Alternate spare area size
This section outlines the formatting at installation. Refer to Subsection 4.1.4 “MODE
SELECT (15)”, 4.1.5 “MODE SELECT EXTENDED (55)” of the Fibre Channel Interface
Specifications for further details.
(1)
MODE SELECT/MODE SELECT EXTENDED command
Specify the format attributes on the disk with the MODE SELECT or MODE SELECT EXTENDED
command. The parameters are as follows.
a. Block descriptor
Specify the size (byte length) of the logical data block in the "data block length" field. To
explicitly specify the number of logical data blocks, specify the number in the "number of data
blocks" field. Otherwise, specify 0 in "number of data blocks" field. In this case, the number of
logical data blocks after initialization is determined by the value specified in the format
parameter (page code = 3) and drive parameter (page code = 4).
b. Format parameter (page code = 3)
Specify the number of spare sectors for each cell in the "alternate sectors/zone" field. It is
recommended not to specify values smaller than the HDD default value in this field.
C141-E234
5-9
Installation
(2)
FORMAT UNIT command
Initialize entire recording surface of the disk with the FORMAT UNIT command. The FORMAT
UNIT command initializes entire surface of the disk using the P lists, verifies data blocks after
initialization, and allocates an alternate block for a defect block detected with verification. With
initialization, the value "00" is written into all bytes of all logical data blocks. Only the position
information of defect blocks detected with verification is registered in the G list. The specifications
are as follows:
a. Specifying CDB
Specify 0 for the "FmtData" bit and the "CmpLst" bit on CDB, 000 for the "Defect List Format"
field, and data pattern written into the data block at initialization for the "initializing data pattern"
field.
b. Format parameter
When the values in step a. are specified with CDB, the format parameter is not needed.
5-10
C141-E234
5.4 Checking Operation after Installation and Preparing the HDD for Use
5.4.4
Setting parameters
The user can specify the optimal operation mode for the user system environments by setting the
following parameters with the MODE SELECT or MODE SELECT EXTENDED command:
•
•
•
•
•
Error recovery parameter
Disconnection/reconnection parameter
Caching parameter
Control mode parameter
Fibre channel control parameter
With the MODE SELECT or MODE SELECT EXTENDED command, specify 1 for the "SP" bit on
CDB to save the specified parameter value on the disk. This enables the HDD to operate by using
the parameter value set by the user when power is turned on again. When the system has more than
one initiator, different parameter value can be set for each initiator.
When the parameters are not set or saved with the MODE SELECT or MODE SELECT
EXTENDED command, the HDD sets the default values for parameters and operates when power is
turned on or after reset. Although the HDD operations are assured with the default values, the
operations are not always optimal for the system. To obtain the best performance, set the parameters
in consideration of the system requirements specific to the user.
This section outlines the parameter setting procedures. Refer to Subsection 4.1.4 “MODE
SELECT (15)”, 4.1.5 “MODE SELECT EXTENDED (55)” of the Fibre Channel Interface
Specifications for further details of the MODE SELECT and MODE SELECT EXTENDED
commands and specifying the parameters.
1. At factory shipment of the HDD, the saving operation for the MODE
SELECT parameter is not executed. So, if the user does not set
parameters, the HDD operates according to the default value of each
parameter
2. The model select parameter is not saved for each Loop ID of but as the
common parameter for all IDs. In the mult-initiator System, parameter
setting cannot be changed for each initiator.
3. Once parameters are saved, the saved value is effective as long as next
saving operation is executed from the initiator. For example, even if the
initialization of the disk is performed by the FORMAT UNIT command,
the saved value of parameters described in this section is not affected.
4. When the HDD, to which the saving operation has been executed on a
system, is connected to another system, the user must pay attention to
that the HDD operates according to the saved parameter value if the
saving operation is not executed at installation.
5. The saved value of the MODE SELECT parameter is assumed as the
initial value of each parameter after the power-on, the RESET condition,
or the BUS DEVICE RESET message. The initiator can change the
parameter value temporary (actively) at any timing by issuing the MODE
SELECT or MODE SELECT EXTENDED command with specifying "0"
to the SP bit in the CDB.
C141-E234
5-11
Installation
(1)
Error recovery parameter
The following parameters are used to control operations such as the HDD internal error recovery:
a. Read/write error recovery parameters (page code = 1)
Parameter
Default value
1 (enabled)
• AWRE:
• ARRE:
Automatic alternate block allocation at Write
operation
Automatic alternate block allocation at read
operation
1 (enabled)
• TB:
Uncorrectable data transfer to the initiator
Immediate correction of correctable error
Report of recovered error
1 (enabled)
1 (enabled)
0 (disabled)
0 (Correction is
enabled.)
• EER:
• PER:
• DCR:
Suppression of ECC error correction
• Retry count at read operation
• Retry count at write operation
• Recovery time limit
63
63
30 sec
b. Verify error recovery parameters (page code = 7)
Parameter
Default value
• ERR:
• PER:
• DTE:
Immediate correction of recoverable error
Report of recovered error
Stop of command processing at successful
error recovery
1 (enabled)
0 (disabled)
0 (Processing is
continued.)
• DCR:
Suppression of ECC error correction
0 (Correction is
enabled.)
• Retry count at verification
63
c. Additional error recovery parameters (page code = 21)
Parameter
Default value
15
• Retry count at seek error
5-12
C141-E234
5.4 Checking Operation after Installation and Preparing the HDD for Use
Notes:
1. The user can arbitrarily specify the following parameters according to the system
requirements:
•
•
•
•
ARRE
AWRE
TB
PER
2. The user also can arbitrarily specify parameters other than the above. However, it is
recommended to use the default setting in normal operations.
(2)
Disconnection/reconnection parameters (page code = 2)
The following parameters are used to optimize the start timing of reconnection processing to transfer
data on the loop at a read (READ or READ EXTENDED command) or write operation (WRITE,
WRITE EXTENDED, or WRITE AND VERIFY command) of the disk. Refer to Chapter 3 “Data
Buffer Management” of the Fibre Channel Interface Specifications for further details.
Parameter
Default value
00 (HEX)
• Buffer full ratio
• Buffer empty ratio
00 (HEX)
Notes:
1. In a system without the disconnection function, these parameters need not be specified.
2. Determine the parameter values in consideration of the following performance factors of the
system:
•
•
Time required for reconnection processing
Average amount of processing data specified with a command
Refer to Chapter 3 “Data Buffer Management” of the Fibre Channel Interface Specifications
for how to obtain the rough calculation values for the parameter values to be set. It is
recommended to evaluate the validity of the specified values by measuring performance in
an operation status under the average system load requirements.
C141-E234
5-13
Installation
(3)
Caching parameters
The following parameters are used to optimize the HDD Read-Ahead caching operations under the
system environments. Refer to Chapter 3 “Data Buffer Management” of the Fibre Channel Interface
Specifications for further details.
Parameter
Initiator control
Default value
• IC:
0 (Drive-specific
control (page
cache))
• RCD:
• WCE:
• MS:
Disabling Read-Ahead caching operations
Write Cache Enable
0 (enabled)
1 (enabled)
Specifying the multipliers of "minimum
0 (Specifying
prefetch" and "maximum prefetch" parameters
absolute value)
• DISC:
Prefetch operation after track switching during
prefetching
1 (enabled)
• Number of blocks for which prefetch is suppressed
• Minimum prefetch
X'FFFF'
X'0000'
• Maximum prefetch
X' XXXX'
(1 cache segment)
• Number of blocks with maximum prefetch restrictions
• Number of segments
X'FFFF'
X'08'
Notes:
1. When Read-Ahead caching operations are disabled by the caching parameter, these
parameter settings have no meaning except write cache feature.
2. Determine the parameters in consideration of how the system accesses the disk. When the
access form is not determined uniquely because of the processing method, the parameters
can be re-set actively.
3. For sequential access, the effective access rate can be increased by enabling Read-Ahead
caching operations and Write Cache feature.
5-14
C141-E234
5.4 Checking Operation after Installation and Preparing the HDD for Use
(4)
Control mode parameters
The following parameters are used to control the tagged queuing and error logging.
a. Control mode parameters
Parameter
• Queue algorithm modifier
Default value
0 (Execution sequence of
read/write commands is
optimized.)
• QErr:
Resume or abort remaining suspended
commands after sense pending state
0 (command is resumed)
• DQue:
Disabling tagged command queuing
0 (enabled)
(5)
Fibre channel control parameters
Refer to Subsection 4.1.4 "MODE SELECT (15)" of the Fibre Channel Interface Specifications for
details.
Parameter
Default value
• DTOLI (Disable Target Original Loop Initialization)
0 (An Initializing LIP is issued
when the HDD enters the
Loop.)
• DTIPE (Disable Target Initiated Port Enable)
0 (The HDD does not have the
Loop Port Enable primitive, so
it enters the loop port.)
• ALWLI (Allow Login Without Loop Initialization)
0 (The HDD carries out
confirmation of the address in
the Loop Initialization
process.)
• RHA (Require Hard Address)
0 (In the Loop Initialization
process, try fixing a soft
address.)
• DLM (Disable Loop Master)
• DDIS (Disable DIScovery)
0 (The HDD itself is permitted
to become the Loop Master.)
0 (Before the INIT restarts
task processing, it must wait
for Address Discovery or
Port Discovery.)
• PLPB (Prevent Loop Port Bypass)
0 (Receiving Loop Port bypass
(LBP)/Loop Port Enable(LPE)
Primitive, it controls Port
Bypass circuit according to the
received Primitive.)
• DTFD (Disable Target Fabric Discovery)
Note:
0 (Fabric connection is
enabled.)
It is prohibited that "1" is specified in DTIPE and PLPB simultaneously.
If DTIPE=PLPB=1 is specified, it responds with CHECK CONDITION (ILLEGAL
REQUEST, VALID FIELD IN THE PARAMETER LIST.)
C141-E234
5-15
Installation
5.5
Dismounting Drives
Since the method and procedure for dismounting the disk drive for replacement of the drive, etc.
depends on the locker structure of the system, etc., the work procedure must be determined in
consideration of the requirements specific to the system. This section describes the general
procedure and notes on dismounting the drive.
Damage
1. When dismounting the drive which is mounted on the system while power is
supplied to it.
•
The drive to be dismounted must be disconnected from the loop.
Dismounting the drive which is not disconnected from the loop may
cause an unexpected error.
•
•
If the drive is not disconnected from the loop, issue an LPB to the drive
from the initiator in a primitive sequence of the order set.
It is recommended to stop the spindle motor prior to this loop
separation operation. The spindle motor can be stopped by a
START/STOP command. It takes about 30 seconds for the spindle
motor to stop completely.
•
•
Then, dismount the drive using the drive mounting/dismounting
mechanism, etc. of the system. If the drive is dismounted while the
spindle motor is running, special care is required to avoid excessive
vibration or shock to the drive. It is recommended to stop the operation
once the SCA connector breaks off contact and wait until the spindle
motor stops (about 30 seconds) before dismount the drive.
When storing or transporting the drive, put it in an antistatic case
(Fcell). (Shown in Section 5.1).
2. When dismounting the drive which is mounted on the system while power is
not supplied to it.
•
Do not move the drive until the drive stops completely (about 30
seconds if the spindle motor was stopped by a START/STOP UNIT
command, and about 30 seconds after powering-off when the power
was simply turned off).
•
•
Then, dismount the drive using the drive mounting/dismounting
mechanism, etc. of the system.
When storing or transporting the drive, put it in an antistatic case
(Fcell). (Shown in Section 5.1).
5.6
Spare Disk Drive
See Subsection 2.1.1, “Model name and order number,” to order a disk drive for replacement or as a
spare
5-16
C141-E234
CHAPTER 6
Diagnostics and Maintenance
6.1 Diagnostics
6.2 Maintenance Information
6.3 Operation Check
6.4 Troubleshooting Procedures
This chapter describes diagnostics and maintenance information.
6.1
Diagnostics
6.1.1
Self-diagnostics
The HDD has the following self-diagnostic function. This function checks the basic operations of the
HDD.
•
•
Initial self-diagnostics
Online self-diagnostics (SEND DIAGNOSTIC command)
Table 6.1 lists the contents of the tests performed with the self-diagnostics. For a general check of
the HDD including the operations of the host system and interface, use a test program that runs on the
host system (see Subsection 6.1.2).
Table 6.1
Self-diagnostic functions
C141-E234
6-1
Diagnostics and Maintenance
Brief test contents of self-diagnostics are as follows.
a. Hardware function test
This test checks the basic operation of the controller section, and contains following test.
•
•
•
•
RAM (microcode is stored)
Peripheral circuits of microprocessor (MPU)
Memory (RAM)
Data buffer
b. Seek test
This test checks the positioning operation of the disk drive using several seek modes (2 points
seek, 1 position sequential seek, etc.). The positioning operation is regarded as success when the
seek operation to the target cylinder is completed.
c. Write/read test
This test checks the write/read function by using the Internal test space of the disk drive.
(1)
Initial self-diagnostics
When power is turned on, the HDD starts initial self-diagnostics. The initial self-diagnostics checks
the basic operations of the hardware functions.
If an error is detected in the initial self-diagnostics, the HDD sends the Fault LED Out signal to the
interface connector. In this status, the HDD posts the CHECK CONDITION status to all I/O
operation requests other than the REQUEST SENSE command. When the CHECK CONDITION
status is posted, the initiator should issue the REQUEST SENSE command. The sense data obtained
with the REQUEST SENSE command details the error information detected with the initial self-
diagnostics.
Even if CHECK CONDITION status and sense data are posted, the HDD continues sending the Fault
LED Out signal to the interface connector. Only when the power is turned off or re-turned on, this
status can be cleared. When this status is cleared, the HDD executes the initial self-diagnosis again.
6-2
C141-E234
6.1 Diagnostics
The HDD does not reply to the loop for up to 2 seconds after the initial self-diagnostics is started.
After that, the HDD can accept the I/O operation request correctly, but the received command, except
the executable commands under the not ready state (such as INQUIRY, START/STOP UNIT), is
terminated with the CHECK CONDITION status (NOT READY [=2]/Logical unit is in process of
becoming ready [=04-01] or Logical unit not ready, initializing command required [=04-02]) during
the interval from the spindle motor becomes stable to the HDD becomes ready. The executable
command under the not ready state is executed in parallel with the initial self-diagnostics, or is
queued by the command queuing feature and is executed after completion of the initial self-
diagnostics. When the command that comes under the exception condition of the command queuing
is issued at that time, the HDD posts the BUSY status for the command. When the error is detected
during the initial self-diagnostics, the CHECK CONDITION status is posted for all commands that
were stacked during the initial self-diagnostics. For the command execution condition, refer to
Section 2.4 “Command Queuing Function” and Subsection 2.7.4 “Command processing in the not
ready state” of the Fibre Channel Interface Specifications.
(2)
Online self-diagnostics (SEND DIAGNOSTIC command)
The initiator can make the HDD execute self-diagnostics by issuing the SEND DIAGNOSTIC
command.
The initiator specifies the execution of self-diagnostics by setting 1 for the SelfTest bit on the CDB in the
SEND DIAGNOSTIC command and specifies the test contents with the UnitOfl bit.
When the UnitOfl bit on the CDB is set to 0, the HDD executes the hardware function test only once.
When UnitOfl bit is set to 1, the HDD executes the hardware function test, seek (positioning) test,
and data write/read test for the Internal test space only once.
a. Error recovery during self-diagnostics
During the self-diagnostics specified by the SEND DIAGNOSTIC command, when the
recoverable error is detected during the seek or the write/read test, the HDD performs the error
recovery according to the MODE SELECT parameter value (read/write error recovery parameter,
additional error recovery parameter) which the initiator specifies at the time of issuing the SEND
DIAGNOSTIC command.
PER
0
Operation of self-diagnostics
The self-diagnostics continues when the error is recovered. The self-
diagnostics terminates normally so far as the unrecoverable error is not
detected.
1
The self-diagnostics continues when the error is recovered. If the
unrecoverable error is not detected, the consecutive tests are executed till last
test but the self-diagnostics terminates with error. The error information
indicates that of the last recovered error.
b. Reporting result of self-diagnostics and error indication
When all specified self-diagnostics terminate normally, the HDD posts the GOOD status for the
SEND DIAGNOSTIC command.
C141-E234
6-3
Diagnostics and Maintenance
When an error is detected in the self-diagnostics, the HDD terminates the SEND DIAGNOSTIC
command with the CHECK CONDITION status.
The initiator should issue the REQUEST SENSE command when the CHECK CONDITION
status is posted. The sense data collected by the REQUEST SENSE command indicates the
detail information of the error detected in the self-diagnostics.
The HDD status after the CHECK CONDITION status is posted differs according to the type of
the detected error.
a) When an error is detected in the seek or write/read test, the subsequent command can be
accepted correctly. When the command other than the REQUEST SENSE and NO
OPERATION is issued from the same initiator, the error information (sense data) is cleared.
b) When an error is detected in the hardware function test, the HDD posts the CHECK
CONDITION status for all I/O operation request except the REQUEST SENSE command.
The error status is not cleared even if the error information (sense data) is read. Only when
the power is turned off or re-turned on, the status can be cleared. When this status is
cleared, the HDD executes the initial self-diagnostics again (see item (1)).
Refer to Subsection 4.4.1 “SEND DIAGNOSTIC (1D)” of the Fibre Channel Interface
Specifications for further details of the command specifications.
Data loss
When the SEND DIAGNOSTIC command terminates with the CHECK
CONDITION status, the initiator must collect the error information
using the REQUEST SENSE command. The RECEIVE DIAGNOSTIC
RESULTS command cannot read out the error information detected in
the self-diagnostics.
6.1.2
Test programs
The basic operations of the HDD itself can be checked with the self-diagnostic function. However, to
check general operations such as the host system and interface operations in a status similar to the
normal operation status, a test program that runs on the host system must be used.
The structure and functions of the test program depend on the user system requirements. Generally,
it is recommended to provide a general input/output test program that includes devices connected to
the loop and input/output devices on other I/O ports.
Including the following test items in the test program is recommended to test the HDD functions
generally.
6-4
C141-E234
6.2 Maintenance Information
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Interface (loop) test
The operations of the loop and data buffer on the HDD are checked with the WRITE BUFFER and
READ BUFFER commands.
Basic operation test
The basic operations of the HDD are checked by executing self-diagnosis with the SEND
DIAGNOSTIC command (see Subsection 6.1.1).
Random/sequential read test
The positioning (seek) operation and read operation are tested in random access and sequential
access modes with the READ, READ EXTENDED, or VERIFY command.
Write/read test
By using a data block in the internal test space, the write/read test can be executed with an arbitrary
pattern for a disk drive in which user data is stored.
6.2
Maintenance Information
6.2.1
Precautions
Take the following precautions to prevent injury during maintenance and troubleshooting:
1. To avoid injury, do not touch the mechanical assembly during disk drive
operation.
2. Do not use solvents to clean the disk drive.
Take the following precautions to prevent disk drive damage during maintenance and
troubleshooting:
1. Always ground yourself with a wrist strap connected to ground before
handling. ESD (Electrostatics Discharge) may cause the damage to the
device.
2. Do not remove a PCA.
3. Do not use a conductive cleaner to clean a disk drive assembly.
C141-E234
6-5
Diagnostics and Maintenance
6.2.2
Maintenance requirements
Preventive maintenance
(1)
Preventive maintenance is not required.
(2)
(3)
(4)
Service life
See "(3) Service life," in Section 2.1.5.
Parts that can be replaced in the field
The PCA cannot be replaced in the field. The DE cannot be replaced in the field.
Service system and repairs
Fujitsu has the service system and repair facility for the disk drive. Contact Fujitsu representative to
submit information for replacing or repairing the disk drive. Generally, the following information
must be included:
a) HDD model, part number (P/N), revision number, serial number (S/N), and date of
manufacturing
b) Error status
•
•
•
Date when the error occurred
System configuration
Environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, and voltage)
c) Error history
d) Error contents
•
•
•
•
Outline of inconvenience
Issued commands and specified parameters
Sense data
Other error analysis information
6-6
C141-E234
6.2 Maintenance Information
Data loss
Save data stored on the disk drive to other media before requesting
repair. Fujitsu does not assume responsibility if data is destroyed
during servicing or repair.
See Section 5.1 for notes on packing and handling when returning the disk drive.
6.2.3
Maintenance levels
If a disk drive is faulty, replace the whole disk drive since repair requires special tools and
environment. This section explains the two maintenance levels.
(1)
Field maintenance (disk drive replacement)
•
•
•
This replacement is done at the user's site.
Replacement uses standard tools.
Replacement is usually done by the user, retail dealer, distributor, or OEM engineer.
(2)
Factory maintenance (parts replacement)
•
•
This replacement can only be done by Fujitsu.
Replacement includes maintenance training and OEM engineer support. OEM engineers usually
support retail dealers and distributors.
•
Replacement uses factory tools and test equipment.
C141-E234
6-7
Diagnostics and Maintenance
6.2.4
Revision numbers
The revision number of the disk drive is represented with a letter and a number indicated on the label
attached on the HDD. Figure 6.1 shows an example of the label.
Figure 6.1 Revision label (example)
(1)
(2)
Indicating revision number at factory shipment
When the disk drive is shipped from the factory, the revision number is indicated by deleting
numbers in the corresponding letter line up to the corresponding number with = (see Figure 6.2).
Changing revision number in the field
To change the revision number because parts are replaced or other modification is applied in the
field, the new level is indicated by enclosing the corresponding number in the corresponding letter
line with O (see Figure 6.2).
6-8
C141-E234
6.2 Maintenance Information
When the revision number is changed after the drive is shipped from
the factory, Fujitsu issues "Engineering Change Request/Notice" in
which the new revision number is indicated. When the user changes
the revision number, the user should update the revision label as
described in item (2) after applying the modification.
Rev. A2
At shipment
Revising at field
Rev. A3
Figure 6.2 Indicating revision numbers
6.2.5
6.2.6
Tools and test equipment
Disk drive troubleshooting and repair in the field require only standard hand tools. No special tools
or test equipment are required.
This manual does not describe the factory-level tools and test equipment.
Tests
This disk drive can be tested in the following ways:
•
•
•
Initial seek operation check (See Subsection 6.3.1)
Operation test (See Subsection 6.3.2)
Diagnostic test (See Subsection 6.3.3)
Figure 6.3 shows the flow of these tests.
C141-E234
6-9
Diagnostics and Maintenance
Start
Start self-test by
turning the power on
No
Check host system
(Table 6.2)
Test results OK?
Yes
No
Analyze system-related
error
Host system
normal?
Execute an operation
test using a host
computer or test
equipment
Yes
Replaced or repair
disk drive
No
Test results OK?
No
Disk drive
normal?
Yes
Yes
Continue operation
Execute diagnostic
test using a host
computer or test
equipment
No
Test results OK?
Yes
Test using voltage or
temperature stress
No
Analyze disk drive
error (Table 6.3)
Test results OK?
Yes
Normal
Figure 6.3 Test flowchart
6-10
C141-E234
6.3 Operation Check
6.3
Operation Check
6.3.1
Initial seek operation check
If an error is detected during initialization by the initial seek operation check routine at power-on, the
spindle motor of the disk drive stops, and then the disk drive becomes unusable.
For an explanation of the operation check before the initial seek, refer to the Section 5.4.
6.3.2
Operation test
While the host computer is processing data, the HDD monitors disk drive operation including data
processing, command processing, and seek operations. If the HDD detects an error, the HDD posts
the error to the initiator. The initiator then posts the error to the user.
The user may detect an intermittent or nonfatal error such as abnormal noise, abnormal odor, or very
slow operation.
An error posted in an operation test must be investigated. Replace the disk drive to see whether the
error was caused by the disk drive.
Often, errors posted in an operation test may be caused by the host system. Possible causes include
insufficient power capacity, loose cable connection, insufficient timing or insufficient mechanical
play, and problems related to other systems.
If an operation error is detected by the error detection circuit of the disk drive, an interrupt occurs.
The interrupt is posted to the MCU on the PCA. The MCU stops the currently processed command,
and causes the CHECK CONDITION status to post the error to the initiator.
When receiving the CHECK CONDITION status, the initiator issues a REQUEST SENSE command
to collect detailed information about the error. The initiator then issues a REZERO UNIT command
to return the read/write head to track 00. In normal processing, the HDD itself or initiator determines
how to handle the error (processing retry or stop).
To analyze the error posted in the operation test, reconstruct the conditions in which the error
occurred. Then, start troubleshooting the whole host system by replacing the disk drive.
6.3.3
Diagnostic test
The diagnostic test is executed to find a faulty subassembly in a faulty disk drive, or to check disk
drive performance. This test is usually a combination of specific disk drive functions or group of
functions. This test may be executed using a different host computers or test equipment and away
from the environment where the error first occurred.
To analyze the error posted in the diagnostic test, reconstruct the conditions in which the error
occurred. Then, look for a possibly faulty subassembly or part of the disk drive.
The procedures to be used in this test depend largely on the type of test equipment used, and are not
covered by this manual.
C141-E234
6-11
Diagnostics and Maintenance
6.4
Troubleshooting Procedures
6.4.1
Outline of troubleshooting procedures
This section explains the troubleshooting procedures for disk drive errors.
Depending on the maintenance level, analyze the error to detect a possibly faulty part (disk drive, or
disk drive part).
Full-scale troubleshooting is usually required if the error cause is not known. If the error cause is
clear (e.g., abnormal noise in disk enclosure or burning of the PCA), troubleshooting is straightforward.
6.4.2
Troubleshooting with disk drive replacement in the field
At this level of maintenance, we recommend replacing the disk drive as a unit. If replacing the disk
drive rectifies the fault, return the removed disk drive to the factory, for test and repair. If the newly
installed disk drive does not rectify the fault another part of the system is faulty.
Table 6.2 summarizes system-level field troubleshooting. Troubleshooting must be done in the field,
to find faulty part (disk drive or system).
6-12
C141-E234
6.4 Troubleshooting Procedures
Table 6.2
System-level field troubleshooting
Recommended work
Item
DC power level
Check that the DC voltage is within the specified range (±5%).
For +5 VDC, measure the voltage between pin 20 (+5V) of the interface
connector and the nearest PCA mounting screw (GND) from the
interface connector, and confirm the value is from 4.75 to 5.25 VDC.
For +12 VDC, measure the voltage between pin 2 (+12V) of the
interface connector and the nearest PCA mounting screw (GND) from
the interface connector, and confirm the value is from 11.4 to 12.6 VDC.
Electrical noise
Make sure the maximum ripple peak-to-peak value of +5 VDC is within
250 mV and +12 VDC is within 250 mV.
Make sure the high frequency noise (over 20 MHz) is less than
100 mVp-p.
Drive selection address
System cables
Check that the disk drive selection address is set correctly.
Check that all system cables are connected correctly.
System diagnostic test
When possible, execute the system level diagnostic routine as explained
in the host computer manual. This gives a detailed report of a possible
fault.
Intermittent or nonfatal errors
Check the AC voltage from the power supply. Check the DC voltage
level at the power connector for the disk drive.
If the AC voltage level is abnormal or there is a lot of electrical noise,
notify the user of the error.
If the DC voltage level is unstable, replace the power supply unit.
If possible, replace the disk drive. If replacing the disk drive does not
eliminate the error, the removed disk drive is probably not faulty. To
continue error analysis, refer to the hardware and software manuals
supplied with the system.
C141-E234
6-13
Diagnostics and Maintenance
6.4.3
Troubleshooting at the repair site
For maintenance at this level, we recommend additional testing of the disk drive and signal checking.
The sense data posted from the HDD helps with troubleshooting. This sense data makes the error type clear
(functional, mechanical, or electrical error). Chapter 7 error analysis by sense data, and gives
supplementary information on finding the error cause (faulty part).
Table 6.3 lists how to detect a faulty disk drive subassembly. This fault finding requires a working
host computer or disk drive test equipment to recreate the error conditions.
If the detected error cannot be recreated in an ordinary test, disk drive conditions can be changed to
force the error to recur. This is done by changing the DC voltage or the ambient temperature of the
disk drive.
If the error does not recur with changed conditions, the disk drive is not faulty. If no error occurs in
the disk drive test, notify the user of the test results, and find out from the user the environment
conditions where the disk drive is used.
Table 6.3
Disk drive troubleshooting
Recommended action
Item
Frequent or repeated seek errors
Collect sense data, and see Chapter 7.
Replace the disk drive, and check that the test method is correct. If the
error recurs, it is likely that the disk drive is normal but the test method
is incorrect.
Intermittent or nonfatal errors
Replace the disk drive, and check that the test method is correct. If the
error recurs, it is likely that the disk drive is normal but the test method
is incorrect.
To check performance, change the disk drive conditions by changing
the voltage or temperature.
If the disk drive error recurs or a possibly faulty part is found by troubleshooting, return the complete
disk drive to the factory for repair. A media defect list must be included with the disk drive returned
to the factory.
If the possibly faulty part is the disk enclosure, return the whole disk drive to the factory for repair.
Also if a clear error (erroneous servo track information or noisy drive) is detected in the disk
enclosure, return the whole disk drive to the factory. A media defect list must be included with the
disk drive returned to the factory.
Damage
1. Never remove any labels from the drive.
2. Never open the disk enclosure for any reason.
Doing so will void any warranties.
6-14
C141-E234
6.4 Troubleshooting Procedures
6.4.4
6.4.5
Troubleshooting with parts replacement in the factory
This manual does not cover troubleshooting at the factory level.
Finding possibly faulty parts
Finding possibly faulty parts in the field was explained in Subsection 6.4.2. This manual does not
cover finding possibly faulty parts at the factory level.
C141-E234
6-15
This page is intentionally left blank.
CHAPTER 7
Error Analysis
7.1 Error Analysis Information Collection
7.2 Sense Data Analysis
This chapter explains in detail how sense data collected from a disk drive is used for troubleshooting. Sense
data reflects an error in the disk drive, and helps with troubleshooting.
A sense key, additional sense code, and additional sense code qualifier, taken from various sense data are
repeated. Also in this chapter, troubleshooting is performed using these three codes. Unless otherwise
specified, "sense data" means the above three codes. When sense data is represented as (x-xx-xx), the
leftmost x is a sense key, the middle xx is an additional sense code, and the rightmost x is an additional sense
code qualifier.
7.1
Error Analysis Information Collection
Sense data
7.1.1
When the HDD posts a CHECK CONDITION status or detects a fatal error in the loop, the current
command or queued command is cleared. In such a case, the HDD generates sense data about the
command-issuing initiator. The initiator can read the sense data by reading the sense data added to
the response frame of the command where an error occurred (Auto Sense function), or issuing a
REQUEST SENSE command.
Even if a transfer byte length that is shorter than the sense data length of the tested device is
specified, the command terminates normally. In this case, however, the initiator receives part of the
sense data, but the remaining part of the sense data is lost.
For details of the Auto Sense function, refer to Section 2.6 “Sense Data Hold State” of the Fibre
Channel Interface Specifications.
For details of the REQUEST SENSE command, refer to Subsection 4.1.14 “REQUEST SENSE
(15)” of the Fibre Channel Interface Specifications.
7.1.2
Sense key, additional sense code, and additional sense code qualifier
If an error is detected in a disk drive, the error status is indicated in the sense data collected from the
disk drive. Figure 7.1 shows the positions of a sense key, additional sense code, and additional sense
code qualifier.
C141-E234
7-1
Error Analysis
Bit 7
Byte 0 Valid
1
6
0
5
4
3
2
1
0
X‘70’ or X‘71’ (error code)
X‘00’
2
3
0
ILI
0
Sense key
[MSB]
4
Information
5
6
[LSB]
7
X‘28’ (additional sense data length)
Command-specific information
8
[MSB]
Basic
information
9
10
11
12
13
14
[LSB]
Additional sense code
Additional sense code qualifier
X‘00’
15 SKSV
16
17
Sense key-specific information
18
19
20
0
0
0
Port
0
Link Rate
CDB operation code
Additional
information
Detail information
47
ILI:
Incorrect Length Indicator
MSB: Most Significant Byte
LSB: Least Significant Byte
SKSV: Sense Key Specific Valid
Figure 7.1 Format of extended sense data
7-2
C141-E234
7.2 Sense Data Analysis
7.2
Sense Data Analysis
7.2.1
Error information indicated with sense data
Subsection 7.2.2 onwards explain troubleshooting using sense data. For details of the following
sense data, refer to Chapter 5 “Sense Data Error Recovery Methods” of the Fibre Channel Interface
Specifications.
Table 7.1 lists the definition of sense data. For details of sense data, refer to the Fibre Channel
Interface Specifications.
Table 7.1
Definition of sense data
Sense data
Additional
sense code
qualifier
Definition
Sense
key
Additional
sense code
00
3
00
0C
32
00
03
01
Operation was normal.
A write to a disk terminated abnormally.
4
Failed to update the defect list due to a disk medium write error,
etc.
40
xx
xx
An error occurred in power-on self-diagnosis.
A drive error occurred.
C4
1
3
1x
1x
xx
xx
A disk read error occurred.
A disk read error occurred.
E
5
1D
2x
44
47
49
4E
00
xx
xx
00
00
00
Data discrepancy found by VERIFY command byte check.
A SCSI error, such as an invalid operation code, occurred.
A hardware error occurred inside the HDD.
4 or B
B
A CRC error occurred in the fibre channel loop.
An unmounted or inappropriate message was received.
An overlap command was issued.
C141-E234
7-3
Error Analysis
7.2.2
Sense data (3-0C-03), (4-40-xx), and (4-C4-xx)
Sense data (3-0C-03), (4-40-xx), and (4-C4-xx) indicate one of the following:
•
•
•
•
•
A target sector could not be detected using the sector counter.
A seek process overran the specified time.
A write to a disk terminated abnormally.
An error occurred in power-on self-diagnosis.
A drive error occurred.
The symptoms above are generally caused by an error in a PCA or DE.
7.2.3
Sense data (1-1x-xx), (3-1x-xx) and (E-1D-00): Disk read error
If sense data (1-1x-xx), (3-1x-xx) or (E-1D-00) occurs frequently in a specific block of a disk, there
is disk damage that was not recorded in the media defect list. In this case, assign an alternate block
to the error-detected block using a REASSIGN BLOCKS command. For an explanation of the
REASSIGN BLOCKS command, refer to Subsection 4.3.2 “REASSIGN BLOCKS (07)” of the Fibre
Channel Interface Specifications.
If this error occurs in different blocks, a PCA or DE is faulty.
7.2.4
Sense data (4-44-xx), (5-2x-xx), (B-44-xx), (B-47-xx), (B-49-00) and (B-4E-00): fibre channel
interface error
Sense data (4-44-xx), (5-2x-xx), (B-47-xx), (B-49-00) and (B-4E-00) indicates one of the following
symptoms:
•
An invalid or unsupported command was issued, or invalid or unsupported parameters were
specified.
•
•
•
An FC error occurred.
A hardware error occurred inside HDD.
A CRC error occurred in the fibre channel loop.
If this error occurs, a PCA or the fibre channel interface is faulty.
7-4
C141-E234
APPENDIX A Connector Signal Allocation
A.1 Interface (FC-SCA) Connector Signal Allocation
This appendix describes the connector signal allocation.
C141-E234
A-1
Connector Signal Allocation
A.1
Interface (FC-SCA) Connector Signal Allocation
Table A.1 FC-SCA connector: CN1
Pin No.
01
Signal
Signal
+12V charge
GND
Pin No.
21
–EN bypass port A
+12V
02
22
03
+12V
GND
23
04
+12V
+PortA_in
–PortA_in
GND
24
05
–Parallel ESI
–Drive present
Active LED out
–Spindle sync
Start_1/Mated
Start_2/Mated
–EN bypass port B
25
06
26
07
+PortB_in
–PortB_in
GND
27
08
28
09
29
10
+PortA_out
–PortA_out
GND
30
11
31
12*
13*
14*
15*
16
SEL-6
SEL-5
SEL-4
SEL-3
–DSK_WR
32
–DSK_RD
–ENCL_ACK
D(3)
+PortB-out
–PortB-out
GND
33
34
35
Fault LED out
SEL-2
SEL-1
SEL-0
D(2)
D(1)
D(0)
36*
37*
38*
39
17
DEV_CTRL_CODE2
18
DEV_CTRL_CODE1
19
+5V
+5V
DEV_CTRL_CODE0
+5V charge
20
40
Note: *1) Signal names in the right column of the table are those in parallel ESI operation.
A-2
C141-E234
Glossary
Additional Sense Code
This is a 1-byte code displayed in the sense data and is information which
specifies the type of error that was detected.
CCS
Common Command Set
This is the standard form of SCSI logical specifications stipulated by the
operations subcommittee of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
which stipulates functions which a direct access device (magnetic disk, etc.)
should support.
CDB
Command Descriptor Block
A series of data which describes commands related to input/output operations,
sent from the initiator to the target.
Command
Device
Initiator
SCSI
This is a command to a target to perform an input/output operation, and it is
described as the CDB.
The general name given to a device which is connected to the fibre channel loop
(input/output device, I/O controller, host adapter, etc.).
This is a device which initiates input and output operations on the fibre channel
loop.
Small Computer System Interface
The standardized input/output interface of the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI). [Standard No.: ANSI X3. 131-1986]
Sense Data
When several items of error information are included in a command's completion
status, this is information generated by the target for reporting detailed
information on that status.
Sense Key
Status
This is a 4-bit code displayed in the sense data. It contains information for
classifying the type of error that was detected.
This is 1 byte of information reported to the initiator by the target device when
execution of each command is completed, which displays the command's
completion state.
C141-E234
GL-1
Glossary
Target (TARG)
This is the FC device that executes the input/output operations initiated by the
initiator. In this manual, target is abbreviated "TARG."
GL-2
C141-E234
Acronyms and Abbreviations
DTE
Disable Transfer on Error
A
ACK
AEN
ALT
ACKnowledge
Asynchoronous Event Notification
ALTernated (block)
E
ECC
EER
Error Correction Code
Enable Early Recovery
EVPD Enable Vital Product Data
ARRE Automatic Read Reallocation
Enabled
ASCII American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
F
ASG
ATN
ASiGned block
ATTeNtion
FC
FG
FIFO
Fibre Channel
Frame Ground
First In First Out
AWG American Wire Gauge
AWRE Automatic Write Reallocation
Enabled
FmtData Format Data
FOV
FUA
Format Options Valid
Force Unit Access
B
bpi
BSY
bits per inch
BuSY
G
BytChk Byte Check
G
Gap
G list
Grown defect list
C
H
C list
C/D
CCS
CDB
CE
Target Certification list
Control/data
Common command set
Common descriptor block
Customer Engineer
H
HDD
Height
Hard Disk Drive
HSEC Hard SECtor
CmpLst Complete List
CRC
CSS
CYL
Cyclic Redundancy Check
Contact Start Stop
CYLinder
I
I/O
ID
Input/Output
IDentifier
ILBN
Ideal Logical Block Number
Immed Immediate
INDX/SCT
D
INDeX/SeCTor
D
Depth
IP
Initialization Pattern
InterSector Gap
D list
DBD
DC
Data Defect List
Disable Block Descriptor
Direct Current
ISG
DCR
Disable Correction
L
DCRT Disable CeRtificaTion
DE
LBdata Logical Block data
Disk Enclosure
LBN
LED
LUN
Logical Block Number
Light Emitting Diode
Logical Unit Number
DEF
DEFective block
DevOfl Device Offline
DPO Disable Page Out
DPRY Disable PRimarY
DSP
Disable Saving Parameters
DTDC Data Transfer Disconnect Control
C141-E234
AB-1
Acronyms and Abbreviations
M
T
MR
MS
MSG
Magnetro Resistive
Multiple Select
MeSsaGe
TB
TPI
TRM
Transfer Block
Tracks Per Inch
TeRMinator
O
U
OEM
Original Equipment Manufacturer
UnitOfl Unit Offline
P
V
P list
P/N
Primary defect list
Parts/Number
VCM
VPD
VU
Voice Coil Motor
Vital Product Data
Vendor Unique
PBdata Physical Block data
PC boardPrinted Circuit board
PCA
PER
PF
Printed Circuit Assembly
Post ERror
Page Format
W
W
WCE
WP
Width
PLOSync Phase Lock Oscillator Syncronous
PMI Partial Medium Indicator
PR4ML Partial Response class 4 Maximum
Likelihood
Write Cache Enable
Write Protect
R
RC
Read Continuous
Read Cache Disable
Request
RCD
REQ
RH
Relative Humidity
RMB
RST
RSV
ReMovaBle
ReSeT
ReSerVed
S
S/N
SBd
SBi
SCSI
SCT
SEL
Serial/Number
Synchronized Byte data area
Synchronized Byte identifier area
Small Computer System Interface
SeCTor
SELect
SelfTest Self Test
SG
SP
SPR
SR
Signal Ground
Save Page
SPaRe block
Servo
SSEC Soft SECtor
STPF SToP Format
SURF SURFace
AB-2
C141-E234
Index
A
D
AC noise filter ................................................ 4-9
actuator........................................................... 1-6
air circulation.................................................. 1-6
allowable input voltage and current................ 4-8
alternate area................................................... 3-9
alternate block allocation.............................. 3-10
alternate block allocation by FORMAT
UNIT command ...................................... 3-11
alternate block allocation by REASSIGN
BLOCKS command................................ 3-12
alternate block allocation during
FORMAT UNIT command execution .... 3-11
alternate cylinder ............................................ 3-4
alternate spare area ......................................... 3-4
automatic alternate block allocation............. 3-13
automatic alternate block allocation at
read operation ......................................... 3-13
automatic alternate block allocation at
write operation ........................................ 3-13
automatic alternate block reassignment.......... 1-4
data field ......................................................... 3-7
data format...................................................... 3-1
data security at power failure.......................... 2-7
data space........................................................ 3-1
defect list....................................................... 3-10
defect management....................................... 3-10
defective block slipping.................................. 1-4
definition of sense data................................... 7-3
delivery........................................................... 5-2
diagnosis......................................................... 1-5
diagnostic........................................................ 6-1
diagnostic test ............................................... 6-11
diagnostics and maintenance .......................... 6-1
disconnection/reconnection parameter ......... 5-13
disk ................................................................. 1-5
disk drive replacement.................................... 6-7
disk drive troubleshooting ............................ 6-14
disk read error................................................. 7-4
dismounting drive......................................... 5-16
dual-port support ............................................ 1-2
B
E
basic operation test ......................................... 6-5
BCRC ............................................................. 3-7
block address of user space ............................ 3-9
block descriptor .............................................. 5-9
ECC ................................................................ 3-7
enclosure service function .............................. 1-3
environmental magnetic field ......................... 4-7
environmental specification............................ 2-4
environmental temperature............................. 4-5
environmental/power requirement.................. 2-4
error analysis................................................... 7-1
error analysis information collection.............. 7-1
error information indicated with sense
data............................................................ 7-3
error rate ......................................................... 2-5
error recovery ................................................. 1-4
error recovery during self-diagnostic.............. 6-3
error recovery parameter .............................. 5-12
example of FC-AL system configuration ....... 1-7
external dimension.......................................... 4-1
C
cache feature................................................... 1-3
caching parameter......................................... 5-14
changing revision number in field.................. 6-8
checking at abnormal end............................... 5-9
checking connection....................................... 5-6
checking HDD connection ......................5-7, 5-8
checking initial operation ............................... 5-5
checking operation after installation and
preparing HDD for use ............................. 5-5
checking procedure......................................... 5-6
command queuing feature .............................. 1-3
compactness.................................................... 1-2
connection requirement .................................. 4-9
connector ........................................................ 4-9
continuous block processing........................... 1-2
controller circuit ............................................. 1-6
current waveform ........................................... 4-8
cylinder configuration .................................... 3-1
F
factory maintenance........................................ 6-7
FC model drives outer view............................ 1-5
FC-AL standard .............................................. 1-2
FC-SCA connector......................................... A-2
fibre channel interface error ........................... 7-4
field maintenance............................................ 6-7
finding possibly faulty part........................... 6-15
C141-E234
IN-1
Index
format capacity ...............................................3-8
format of extended sense data.........................7-2
format parameter....................................5-9, 5-10
FORMAT UNIT command ..........................5-10
formatting .......................................................5-9
function specification......................................2-2
mounting orientation.......................................4-3
mounting procedure........................................5-4
mounting requirement.....................................4-1
mounting screw...............................................4-4
MTBF..............................................................2-5
MTTR .............................................................2-6
multi-segment data buffer...............................1-3
G
N
gap ..................................................................3-7
general description..........................................1-1
general note.....................................................5-1
noise filter .......................................................4-9
note on handling drive ....................................5-1
note on mounting ............................................4-3
online self-diagnostic......................................6-3
operation check.............................................6-11
operation test.................................................6-11
outline of troubleshooting procedure............6-12
H
hardware function test.....................................6-2
hardware specification....................................2-1
hardware structure ..........................................1-5
head.................................................................1-6
high speed positioning ....................................1-4
high-speed data transfer..................................1-2
P
packaging........................................................5-2
PAD ................................................................3-7
page code = 1................................................5-12
page code = 2................................................5-13
page code = 3..................................................5-9
page code = 7................................................5-12
part replacement..............................................6-7
part that can be replaced in field.....................6-6
physical sector allocation................................3-5
PLO Sync........................................................3-7
positioning error rate.......................................2-5
power on/off sequence....................................4-8
power supply requirement ..............................4-8
precaution .......................................................6-5
preventive maintenance ..................................6-6
programmable data block length.....................1-4
I
indicating revision number .............................6-9
indicating revision number at factory
shipment....................................................6-8
initial seek operation check...........................6-11
initial self-diagnostic.......................................6-2
installation.......................................................5-1
installation requirement ..................................4-1
installation/removal/replacement....................5-2
interface connector signal allocation ............. A-2
interface test....................................................6-5
internal test space............................................3-3
L
large capacity..................................................1-4
leakage magnetic flux.....................................4-7
limitation of bottom-mounting .......................4-5
limitation of side-mounting ............................4-5
logical data block addressing..........................3-8
loop.................................................................6-5
low noise and low vibration............................1-5
low power consumption..................................1-5
R
random/sequential read test.............................6-5
read/write circuit.............................................1-6
read/write error recovery parameter..............5-12
reliability.........................................................2-5
reporting result of self-diagnostic and
error indication..........................................6-3
reserve and release function............................1-3
restriction of use of hazardous substance........1-2
revision label...................................................6-8
revision number ..............................................6-8
M
maintenance level ...........................................6-7
maintenance requirement................................6-6
microcode downloading..................................1-5
MODE SELECT/MODE SELECT
EXTENDED command.............................5-9
model name and order number .......................2-1
motor start mode.............................................5-3
mounting drive................................................5-4
mounting frame structure................................4-4
S
sector format ...................................................3-6
seek test...........................................................6-2
self-diagnostic.................................................6-1
SEND DIAGNOSTIC command....................6-3
IN-2
C141-E234
Index
sense data........................................................ 7-1
1-1x-xx .....................................................7-4
3-0C-03 ....................................................7-4
3-1x-xx .....................................................7-4
4-40-xx .....................................................7-4
4-44-xx .....................................................7-4
4-C4-xx ....................................................7-4
5-2x-xx .....................................................7-4
B-44-xx ....................................................7-4
B-47-xx ....................................................7-4
B-49-00 ....................................................7-4
B-4E-00....................................................7-4
E-1D-00....................................................7-4
sense data analysis.......................................... 7-3
sense key, additional sense code, and
system configuration....................................... 1-7
system space ................................................... 3-3
system-level field troubleshooting................ 6-13
T
take following action if problem occur........... 5-5
test .................................................................. 6-9
test flowchart ................................................ 6-10
test program.................................................... 6-4
tool and test equipment................................... 6-9
track format .................................................... 3-5
track skew and head skew............................... 3-5
track skew/head skew ..................................... 3-6
troubleshooting at repair site ........................ 6-14
troubleshooting with disk drive
additional sense code qualifier.................. 7-1
sequential starting of spindle motor................ 4-8
service clearance area..................................... 4-7
service life ...............................................2-6, 6-6
service system and repair................................ 6-6
setting parameter .......................................... 5-11
spare area in cell............................................. 3-4
spare disk drive............................................. 5-16
specification.................................................... 2-1
spindle motor.................................................. 1-6
standard feature .............................................. 1-2
start/stop of spindle motor.............................. 1-4
START/STOP UNIT command ..................... 5-5
storage ............................................................ 5-2
surface temperature check point..................... 4-6
surface temperature measurement point......... 4-6
sync mark ....................................................... 3-7
replacement in field................................. 6-12
troubleshooting with part replacement in
factory ..................................................... 6-15
U
unpackaging.................................................... 5-2
unrecoverable error rate.................................. 2-5
user space........................................................ 3-3
V
verify error recovery parameter.................... 5-12
W
write/read test ..........................................6-2, 6-5
C141-E234
IN-3
This page is intentionally left blank.
Comment Form
We would appreciate your comments and suggestions regarding this manual.
Manual code
Manual name
C141-E234-01EN
MAX3147FC, MAX3073FC, MAX3036FC
HARD DISK DRIVES PRODUCT/MAINTENANCE MANUAL
Please mark each item: E(Excellent), G(Good), F(Fair), P(Poor).
General appearance
Technical level
Organization
Clarity
(
(
(
(
(
)
)
)
)
)
Illustration
Glossary
Acronyms & Abbreviations
Index
(
(
(
(
)
)
)
)
Accuracy
Comments & Suggestions
List any errors or suggestions for improvement.
Page
Line
Contents
Please send this form to the address below. We will use your comments in planning future editions.
Address: Fujitsu Learning Media Limited
37-10 Nishikamata 7-chome
Oota-ku
Tokyo 144-0051
JAPAN
Fax: 81-3-3730-3702
Organization:
Name:
C141-E234-01EN
This page is intentionally left blank.
|