®
3ware
Serial ATA RAID Controller
PN 720-0138-00
September 2006
Table of Contents
How this User Guide is Organized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .viii
Screenshots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .viii
RAID Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Browser Requirements for 3DM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Installing 3DM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Uninstalling 3DM on the Macintosh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Starting 3DM and Logging In . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
3DM Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
Refreshing the Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Setting Up 3DM Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Setting the Incoming Port # . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Viewing Information About a Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
Viewing Controller Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
About Controller Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
Setting the Auto Rebuild Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
Using Auto-Carving for Multi LUN Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
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iii
Creating a Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
Creating a Hot Spare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
Setting Unit Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
Setting Auto Verify for a Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
Changing RAID Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
Expanding Unit Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
Deleting a Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
Removing a Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56
Adding a Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
Removing a Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
Rescanning the Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
Checking Unit and Drive Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
Unit Statuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
Drive Statuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64
About Inoperable Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65
Downloading an Error Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67
Background Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68
About Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69
Starting a Verify Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
Setting Background Task Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
Background Task Prioritization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76
Scheduling Background Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76
Removing a Task Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79
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3ware Serial ATA RAID Controller User Guide for the Power Mac G5
Updating the Driver and Firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84
Controller Details page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87
Unit Information page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88
Drive Information page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90
Controller Settings page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93
Scheduling page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97
Maintenance page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99
Alarms page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106
3DM 2 Settings page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109
Web Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112
Before Contacting Customer Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112
Enclosure-Related Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113
Error and Notification Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113
Appendices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133
Appendix A. Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Feedback on this manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155
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vi
3ware Serial ATA RAID Controller User Guide for the Power Mac G5
About this User Guide
This document, 3ware Serial ATA RAID Controller User Guide for the Power
Mac G5, provides instructions for configuring and maintaining RAID units on
your 3ware 9590SE-4ME RAID controller.
This guide assumes that you have already installed your controller in your
system and connected it to your 3ware® Sidecar external enclosure. If you
have not yet done so, see the installation guide that came with your controller.
If you do not have the printed copy, a PDF of the installation guide is
available on your 3ware CD, or you can download it from: http://
www.3ware.com/support/userdocs.asp. (Note that there are different
installation guides for different 3ware RAID controller models. The 9590SE-
4ME is part of the 3ware Sidecar Kit.)
There are often multiple ways to accomplish the same configuration and
maintenance tasks for your 3ware RAID controller. This manual includes
instructions for performing tasks using 3ware Disk Manager 2, referred to as
3DM 2. You can also perform many tasks at the command line, using 3ware’s
Command Line Interface (CLI). The CLI is described in a separate manual:
3ware Serial ATA Controller CLI Guide for the Power Mac G5. Information
from both the Users Guide and the CLI Guide are also available in the 3ware
HTML Bookshelf, available in the 3ware Documentation folder and on your
3ware CD.
How this User Guide is Organized
Table 1: Chapters and Appendices in this User Guide
Chapter/Appendix
Description
1. Getting Started with
Your 3ware RAID
Controller
Provides a summary of the process you should follow to get started using your
3ware RAID controller.
2. Introducing the 3ware
9590SE-4ME RAID
Controller
Provides an overview of the 3ware 9590SE-4ME RAID controller features. Includes
system requirements and an introduction to RAID concepts and levels.
3. 3ware Disk Manager
(3DM 2) Introduction
Describes the basics of using 3DM. Also includes information about installing and
uninstalling 3DM, and how to start the 3DM process manually, if required.
4. Configuring Your
Controller
Describes how to view details about the controller, check its status, and change
configuration settings that affect the controller and all associated drives.
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vii
Table 1: Chapters and Appendices in this User Guide
Chapter/Appendix
Description
5. Configuring Units
Describes how to configure new units and spares, change existing configurations,
and set unit policies.
6. Maintaining Units
Describes how to check unit and drive status, review alarms and errors, schedule
background maintenance tasks, and manually start them, when necessary or
desirable. Includes explanations of initialization, verify, rebuild, and self-tests.
7. Maintaining Your
Controller
Describes how to update the driver, move a unit from one controller to another, and
replace an existing 3ware controller with a new one.
8. 3DM 2 Reference
9. Troubleshooting
A. Glossary
Describes the features and functions on each of the pages in 3DM.
Provides common problems and solutions, and explains error messages.
Includes definitions for terms used throughout this guide.
B. Driver and Disk
Management Tool
Installation
Describes how to install the driver for the 3ware controller and other 3ware software
tools.
C. Compliance and
Conformity
Provides compliance and conformity statement.
Statements
D. Warranty, Technical
Support, and Service
Provides warranty information and tells you how to contact technical support.
Conventions
The following conventions are used through this guide:
•
•
3DM and 3DM 2 both refer to the 3ware Disk Manager, version 2.
In the sections that describe using 3DM, current controller is used to refer
to the controller which is currently selected in this drop-down list.
•
•
Unit refers to one or more disks configured through 3ware to be treated by
the operating system as a single drive. Also known as an array. Array and
unit are used interchangeably throughout this manual.
Boldface is used for buttons, fields, and settings that appear on the screen.
• Monospace fontis used for code and to indicate things you type.
Screenshots
The screenshots in this documentation are examples only, and may not exactly
reflect the operating system and browser you are using. 3ware software works
on a number of different operating systems, including Mac OS X, Microsoft
Windows®, Linux®, and FreeBSD®, and runs in a number of different
browsers. In addition, the version shown in screenshots may not match your
version. For the current released and tested version number, see the latest
release notes.
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3ware Serial ATA RAID Controller User Guide for the Power Mac G5
1
Getting Started with Your
3ware RAID Controller
Setting up your 3ware RAID controller involves these main steps:
•
•
•
•
Tip: When you are first setting up your system, you may want to review
Physically Install the Controller and Drives
To install your controller and drives, follow the instructions in the installation
guide that came with your 3ware Sidecar Kit. If you do not have a hardcopy of
the installation manual, it is available in the 3ware Documentation folder on
your 3ware CD, and you can download it from the 3ware website at http://
Install the 3ware Driver and Disk Management Software
Instructions for installing the drivers and software are in the 3ware Sidecar
Kit with the 9590SE-ME: Installation Guide and in Appendix B, “Driver and
Software Installation”
Configure the RAID Unit and Drives
Before configuring a RAID unit, you may want to review the information
information will help you choose the appropriate RAID level for your
Set Up Management and Maintenance Features
3ware RAID controllers include a number of features to help you manage and
maintain the controller and your configured units. The default settings for
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1
Chapter 1. Getting Started with Your 3ware RAID Controller
these features allow you to begin using your newly configured units right
away. You can review and change these features as a final step in your initial
setup, or you can make changes to them later, at your convenience. These
features include:
•
Controller and unit policies, such as Auto Rebuild, Auto Verify, use of
write cache, use of queueing mode, and selection of a StorSave profile
•
•
Email notification of alarms and other events
Schedules for when background tasks will be performed, to minimize the
impact on day-to-day performance during peak usage times. (Background
tasks include rebuild, verify, initialize, migrate, and self-test.)
Details about these features are described in this user guide. When you first
set up your controller, you may want to review these sections in particular:
•
•
•
2
3ware Serial ATA RAID Controller User Guide for the Power Mac G5
Initial Settings for Policies and Background Tasks
The table below lists the default settings for policies. These settings are used
if you do not explicitly change the policy settings.
Table 2: Default Settings for Policies and Background Tasks
Policy
Default Value
Where to Change
Controller-Level Settings
Auto Rebuild
Enabled
Disabled
2048 GB
3DM, CLI
3DM, CLI
3DM, CLI
Auto-Carving
Carve Size or Factor
Unit-Level Settings
Auto Verify
Disabled
Disabled
3DM, CLI
3DM, CLI
Continue on Source Error
During Rebuild
Queuing (NCQ)
StorSave Profile
Write Cache
Disabled
Protection
Enabled
3DM, CLI
3DM, CLI
3DM, CLI
Background Task Settings
Verify Task Schedule Window
3DM, CLI
Daily, starting at 12:00 am
and running for 24 hours
Follow Verify Task Schedule
No
3DM, CLI
3DM, CLI
Rebuild Task Schedule
Window
Daily, starting at 12:00 am
and running for 24 hours
Follow Rebuild Task
Schedule
No
3DM, CLI
3DM, CLI
a
Daily, starting at 12:00 am
and running for 24 hours
Self-test Task Schedules
Follow Self-test Task
Schedule
Yes
3DM, CLI
a. Although the default Self-test Task Schedule is for 24 hours, self-test
tasks are run only at the beginning of that time period and take just a few
minutes. For more information about task schedules, see “Scheduling
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2
Introducing the 3ware®
9590SE-4ME RAID Controller
The 3ware 9590SE-4ME RAID controller is a 4-lane (x4) PCI Express® card.
It can be installed in any of the available x4 or x8 PCI Express slots on your
Power Mac® G5 (PowerPC™-based). (The x16 slot is normally reserved for
your graphics card.)
It features:
•
•
Support for up to 4 SATA drives.
AMCC’s remote management software, 3ware Disk Manager 2 (3DM®2)
which simplifies storage configuration and management through a web
browser.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
An enhanced firmware platform that allows future upgrades.
Advanced RAID features for greater data protection and management.
PCI Express connectivity
Transfer rate of up to 2.5Gbps per lane
7th generation StorSwitch(TM) technology
Support for 3Gbps and Native Command Queuing (NCQ)
StorSave profiles that let you set the desired level of protection versus
performance for a unit
•
•
Drive Locate which allows you to easily identify a drive in the 3ware
Sidecar enclosure by blinking the LED associated with it
The ability to define a carving size to be used when carving units into
volumes.
Note: The 9590SE-4ME is part of the 3ware Sidecar Kit, which includes the 3ware
Sidecar Enclosure. Information about setting up the 3ware Sidecar itself is included
in the 3ware Sidecar Kit with the 9590SE-ME: Installation Guide.
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3ware Serial ATA RAID Controller User Guide for the Power Mac G5
System Requirements
System Requirements
3ware 9590SE-4ME RAID controllers require the following:
•
Drives
Drives must be 3.5" and meet serial ATA 150 (SATA-1) or serial ATA 300
(SATA 2) Gb/s standards. SATA 2 drives will have better performance.
A list of drives that have been tested is available at
http://www.3ware.com/products/cables.asp
•
Operating System and Computer
Mac OS 10.4 or later, running in a Power Mac G5 (PowerPC-based) with
PCI Express.
Note: The 3ware 9590SE-4ME RAID controller does not currently
work with the Mac Pro.
3DM 2 (3ware Disk Manager) displays information in a browser. It requires
the following:
•
One of these browsers:
•
•
Safari™ 2.0.4 or newer
Firefox® 1.5.0.4 or newer
•
•
•
JavaScript must be enabled
Cookies must be enabled
For best viewing, screen resolution should be 1024 x 768 or greater, with
16-bit color or greater.
Note: When using the 3ware HTML Bookshelf, the Back button on the Safari
browser does not step you back through pages accessed in the bookshelf. You can
use the navigation features built into the bookshelf, however, including the
Previous/Next arrows at the top of each page, the breadcrumbs, and the Contents/
Index/Search pane at the left.
Tip: The Back button does work correctly when viewing the 3ware HTML Bookshelf
in Firefox.
For a complete listing of features and system requirements, refer to the
9590SE-4ME Series Datasheet, available from the website at http://
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Chapter 2. Introducing the 3ware® 9590SE-4ME RAID Controller
Understanding RAID Concepts and Levels
3ware RAID controllers use a Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID)
to increase your storage system’s performance and provide fault tolerance
(protection against data loss).
This section organizes information about RAID concepts and configuration
levels into the following topics:
•
•
•
RAID Concepts
The following concepts are important to understand when working with a
RAID controller:
•
Arrays and Units. In the storage industry, the term “array” is used to
describe two or more disk drives that appear to the operating system as a
single unit. When you work with 3ware software, “unit” is the term used
to refer to an array of disks that is configured and managed through the
3ware software. Single-disk units can also be configured in the 3ware
software.
•
Mirroring. Mirrored arrays write data to paired drives simultaneously. If
one drive fails, the data is preserved on the paired drive. Mirroring
provides data protection through redundancy. In addition, mirroring using
a 3ware RAID controller provides improved performance because
3ware’s TwinStor technology reads from both drives simultaneously.
•
•
Striping. Striping across disks allows data to be written and accessed on
more than one drive, at the same time. Striping combines each drive’s
capacity into one large volume. Striped disk arrays achieve highest
transfer rates and performance at the expense of fault tolerance.
Distributed Parity. Parity works in combination with striping on RAID 5.
Parity information is written to each of the striped drives, in rotation.
Should a failure occur, the data on the failed drive can be reconstructed
from the data on the other drives.
•
•
Hot Swap. The process of exchanging a drive without having to shut
down the system. This is useful when you need to exchange a defective
drive in a redundant array.
Array Roaming. The process of removing a unit from a controller and
putting it back later, either on the same controller, or a different one, and
having it recognized as a unit. The disks may be attached to different ports
than they were originally attached to, without harm to the data.
For definitions of other terms used throughout the documentation, see the
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3ware Serial ATA RAID Controller User Guide for the Power Mac G5
Understanding RAID Concepts and Levels
Available RAID Configurations
The following RAID levels and configurations are available for drives
attached to a 9590SE-4ME 3ware RAID controller:
•
•
•
•
•
•
RAID 0
RAID 0 provides improved performance, but no fault tolerance. Since the
data is striped across more than one disk, RAID 0 disk arrays achieve high
transfer rates because they can read and write data on more than one drive
simultaneously. The stripe size is configurable during unit creation. Requires
a minimum of two drives.
are distributed across the multiple disks using RAID 0 techniques.
Striped disk arrays give exceptional performance, particularly for data
intensive applications such as video editing, computer aided design and
geographical information systems.
RAID 0 arrays are not fault tolerant. The loss of any drive results in the loss of
all the data in that array, and can even cause a system hang, depending on
your operating system. RAID 0 arrays are not recommended for high
availability systems unless additional precautions are taken to prevent system
hangs and data loss.
Figure 1. RAID 0 Configuration Example
RAID 1
RAID 1 provides fault tolerance and a speed advantage over non-RAID disks.
Also known as a mirrored array. Mirroring is done on pairs of drives.
Mirrored disk arrays write the same data to two different drives using RAID 1
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7
Chapter 2. Introducing the 3ware® 9590SE-4ME RAID Controller
preserving the data on one drive if the other drive fails. Fault tolerance is a
basic requirement for critical systems like web and database servers.
3ware uses a patented technology, TwinStor®, on RAID 1 arrays for
improved performance during sequential read operations. With TwinStor
technology, read performance is twice the speed of a single drive during
sequential read operation.
The adaptive algorithms in TwinStor technology boost performance by
distinguishing between random and sequential read requests. For the
sequential requests generated when accessing large files, both drives are used,
with the heads simultaneously reading alternating sections of the file. For the
smaller random transactions, the data is read from a single optimal drive head.
Figure 2. RAID 1 Configuration Example
RAID 5
RAID 5 provides performance, fault tolerance, high capacity, and storage
efficiency. Requires a minimum of three drives. Combines striping data with
parity (exclusive OR) to restore data in case of a drive failure.
Parity information is distributed across all drives rather than being
to contention for the parity drive.
Figure 3. RAID 5 Configuration Example
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3ware Serial ATA RAID Controller User Guide for the Power Mac G5
Understanding RAID Concepts and Levels
RAID 10
RAID 10 is a combination of striped and mirrored arrays for fault tolerance
and high performance.
When drives are configured as a striped mirrored array, the disks are
configured using both RAID 0 and RAID 1 techniques, thus the name RAID
technique. The first two drives are mirrored as a fault tolerant array using
RAID 1. The third and fourth drives are mirrored as a second fault tolerant
array using RAID 1. The two mirrored arrays are then grouped as a striped
RAID 0 array using a two tier structure. Higher data transfer rates are
achieved by leveraging TwinStor and striping the arrays.
In addition, RAID 10 arrays offer a higher degree of fault tolerance than other
types of RAID levels (such as RAID 1 and RAID 5), since the array can
sustain multiple drive failures without data loss. Please note that if both halves
of a mirrored pair in the RAID 10 array fail, then all of the data will be lost.
Figure 4. RAID 10 Configuration Example
Single Disk
A single drive can be configured as a unit through 3ware software. (3DM 2 or
CLI). Like disks in other RAID configurations, single disks contain 3ware
Disk Control Block (DCB) information and are seen by the OS as available
units.
Single drives are not fault tolerant and therefore not recommended for high
availability systems unless additional precautions are taken to prevent system
hangs and data loss.
Hot Spare
A hot spare is a single drive, available online, so that a redundant unit can be
automatically rebuilt in case of drive failure.
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9
Chapter 2. Introducing the 3ware® 9590SE-4ME RAID Controller
Determining What RAID Level to Use
Your choice of which type of RAID unit (array) to create will depend on your
needs. You may wish to maximize speed of access, total amount of storage, or
redundant protection of data. Each type of RAID unit offers a different blend
of these characteristics.
The following table provides a brief summary of RAID type characteristics.
Table 3: RAID Configuration Types
RAID Type
Description
RAID 0
RAID 1
Provides performance, but no fault tolerance.
Provides fault tolerance and a read speed advantage over non-
RAID disks.
RAID 5
This type of unit provides performance, fault tolerance, and high
storage efficiency.
RAID 10
Single Disk
A combination of striped and mirrored units for fault tolerance
and high performance.
Not a RAID type, but supported as a configuration.
Provides for maximum disk capacity with no redundancy.
You can create one or more units, depending on the number of drives you
have installed.
Using Drive Capacity Efficiently
To make the most efficient use of drive capacity, it is advisable to use drives
of the same capacity. This is because the capacity of each drive is limited to
the capacity of the smallest drive in the unit.
The total array capacity is defined as follows:
Table 4: Drive Capacity
RAID Level
Capacity
Single Disk
RAID 0
capacity of the drive
(number of drives) X (capacity of the smallest drive)
capacity of the smallest drive
RAID 1
RAID 5
(number of drives - 1) X (capacity of the smallest drive)
Storage efficiency increases with the number of disks:
storage efficiency = (number of drives -1)/(number of drives)
RAID 10
(number of drives / 2) X (capacity of smallest drive)
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3ware Serial ATA RAID Controller User Guide for the Power Mac G5
3ware Tools for Configuration and Management
Through drive coercion, the capacity used for each drive is rounded down so
that drives from differing manufacturers are more likely to be able to be used
as spares for each other. The capacity used for each drive is rounded down to
the nearest GB for drives under 45 GB (45,000,000,000 bytes), and rounded
down to the nearest 5 GB for drives over 45 GB. For example, a 44.3 GB
drive will be rounded down to 44 GB, and a 123 GB drive will be rounded
down to 120 GB. For more information, see the discussion of drive coercion
3ware Tools for Configuration and
Management
3ware software tools let you easily configure the drives attached to your
3ware RAID controller, specifying which drives should be used together as a
RAID unit and the type of RAID configuration you want, and designating hot
spares for use if a drive degrades.
3ware provides the following tools for use in configuring and managing units
attached to the 3ware controller:
•
3DM 2 (3ware Disk Manager)
3DM runs in the background on the controller’s host system, and can be
accessed through a web browser to provide ongoing monitoring and
administration of the controller and associated drives. It can be used
locally or remotely.
For details about working with 3DM, see “3DM 2 (3ware Disk Manager)
Using 3DM to manage your 3ware RAID controller is discussed
throughout this manual.
3DM 2 is the current version of the 3ware Disk Manager. Throughout this
documentation, it is referred to interchangeably as 3DM and 3DM 2.
•
3ware CLI (Command Line Interface)
The 3ware CLI provides the functionality available in 3DM through a
Command Line Interface. You can view unit status and version
information and perform maintenance functions such as adding or
removing drives, and reconfiguring RAID units online. You can also use
it to remotely administer controllers in a system.
The 3ware CLI is described in 3ware 9000 Series Serial ATA RAID
Controller CLI Guide and in the 3ware HTML Bookshelf.
www.3ware.com
11
Chapter 2. Introducing the 3ware® 9590SE-4ME RAID Controller
Monitoring, Maintenance, and
Troubleshooting Features
Several 3ware RAID controller features aid in monitoring and
troubleshooting your drives.
•
SMART Monitoring (Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting
Technology) automatically checks a disk drive's health every 24 hours
and reports potential problems. This allows you to take proactive steps to
prevent impending disk crashes. SMART data is checked on all disk
drives (array members, single disks, and hot spares). Monitoring of
SMART thresholds can be turned on and off in 3DM. (For details, see
•
Verification. The verify task verifies all redundant units, and checks for
media errors on single disks, spares, and RAID 0 unit members. If the
disk drive is part of a redundant unit, error locations that are found and are
deemed repairable are rewritten with the redundant data. This forces the
drive firmware to reallocate the error sectors accordingly. (For more
•
•
Error Correction. Bad sectors can be dynamically repaired through error
correction (Dynamic Sector Repair). Reallocation of blocks is based
intelligently on the location of the block in relation to the stripe.
Scheduled Background Tasks. Initialize, rebuild, verify, and self-test
tasks can all be run in the background, at scheduled times. This lets you
choose a time for these tasks to be run when it will be least disruptive to
your system. You can also define the rate at which background tasks are
performed, specifying whether I/O tasks should be given more processing
time, or background rebuild and verify tasks should be given more
processing time. (For more information, see “Scheduling Background
•
Write Cache. Write cache can be enabled or disabled using 3DM 2 and
CLI. When write cache is enabled, data will be stored in system cache,
3ware controller cache, and drive cache before the data is committed to
disk. This allows the system to process multiple write commands at the
same time, thus improving performance. However when data is stored in
cache, it could be lost if a power failure occurred. A UPS (uninterruptable
power supply) is recommended when using write cache. (For more
information, see “Enabling and Disabling the Unit Write Cache” on
page 45.)
•
StorSave Profiles allow you to set the level of protection versus
performance that is desired for a unit when write cache is enabled (For
more information, see “Setting the StorSave Profile for a Unit” on
page 48.)
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3ware Serial ATA RAID Controller User Guide for the Power Mac G5
Monitoring, Maintenance, and Troubleshooting Features
•
•
Drive Locate. You can issue drive locate commands that blink the LEDs
for particular drives, so that you can quickly identify what drive needs to
be checked or replaced. (For more information, see “Locating a Drive by
Auto Rebuild. For times when you do not have a spare available, setting
the Auto Rebuild policy allows rebuilds to occur with an available drive
or with a failed drive. (For more information, see “Setting the Auto
www.3ware.com
13
3
3DM 2 (3ware Disk Manager)
Introduction
Note: 3DM 2 includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project for use in the
OpenSSL Toolkit (http://www.openssl.org/).
3ware Disk Manager 2 (3DM 2) allows you to manage and view the status of
your 3ware RAID controller and associated drives.
There are two parts to 3DM: a process, that runs in the background on the
computer where you have installed your 3ware controller, and a web
application that can be used to access it. When the 3DM process is running,
you can use your browser to go to 3DM application pages, where you can
view status information about the controller and RAID units, create RAID
units, and perform other administrative and maintenance tasks locally or
remotely.
Two levels of access to 3DM are provided: user and administrator. Users have
view-only access, and can check the status of drives and units. Administrators
can view and make changes, using 3DM to configure RAID units and
designate hot spares, and to perform maintenance tasks on RAID units.
In this section, information is organized into the following topics:
•
•
•
•
•
For details about the settings and fields on each of the 3DM 2 screens, see
For additional information about managing and maintaining 3ware controllers
using 3DM, see the remaining chapters in this guide.
14
3ware Serial ATA RAID Controller User Guide for the Power Mac G5
Browser Requirements for 3DM
Browser Requirements for 3DM
3DM runs in most current web browsers. Tested and supported browsers
include:
•
•
Safari 2.0.4 or newer
Firefox 1.5.0.4 or newer
Additional requirements:
•
•
•
JavaScript must be enabled
Cookies must be enabled
For best viewing, use a screen resolution of 1024 X 768 or greater, and set
colors to 16 bit color or greater.
Note: Because 3DM may be viewed in different browsers, the format and style of
the 3DM browser windows illustrated in this documentation are examples only. The
actual “look” of the windows will depend on the browser you use.
Installing 3DM
3DM 2 can be installed from the 3ware CD that came with your 3ware RAID
controller. You can also download the current version from the website at
http://www.3ware.com/support/download.asp. Details about the installation
3DM must be installed on the system in which the controller is installed. 3DM
does not have to be installed on remote systems in order to remotely manage a
3ware controller; you simply enter the correct URL into a browser on the
remote system. You will need to enable remote access first, however.
During installation, you will be asked to enter the following preferences for
3DM use. (Each of these preferences can be changed later, from within the
3DM web application.)
•
•
•
The HTTP port to be used as the listening port
Whether remote access will be allowed
Whether you want email notifications to be sent when errors occur, and
who should receive them
www.3ware.com
15
Chapter 3. 3DM 2 (3ware Disk Manager) Introduction
Uninstalling 3DM on the Macintosh
You can remove 3DM from your Macintosh by using the uninstall command
located in the AMCC folder.
To uninstall 3DM
1
2
3
4
In the Finder, open Applications > AMCC.
Double-click StartUninstall.
If prompted, enter your administrator password.
When the uninstaller screen prompts you to select items to be uninstalled,
select 3DM2 and click Uninstall.
The uninstaller will remove 3DM from your computer.
Starting 3DM and Logging In
Normally after installation, the 3DM process starts automatically when you
start your system.
It is a good idea to leave the 3DM process running on the system that contains
your 3ware RAID controller. That way email alerts can be sent by 3DM, and
administrators can manage the controller remotely, if remote administration is
enabled.
When 3DM is running in the background on your computer, you can access
the 3DM web application through your browser to check status information
and manage your 3ware RAID controller.
If the 3DM process does not start automatically, you can start it manually, as
when you try to use the 3DM web application, you will get a page not found
error.
If you want to check the status of a controller from a different computer, see
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3ware Serial ATA RAID Controller User Guide for the Power Mac G5
Starting 3DM and Logging In
Logging In to the 3DM Web Application
When the 3DM process is running in the background, you can log into the
3DM application pages using a browser.
Two levels of access are provided:
•
•
Users can check the status of the controller, units, and attached drives.
Administrators can check status, configure, and maintain the units and
drives on the 3ware controller.
Note: Administrator and User status in 3DM is not related to Administrator/User
settings in the operating system.
To log in to the 3DM web application
1 You can start the 3DM 2 web application in one of the following ways:
•
In the Finder, choose Applications > AMCC, and then double-click
Connect to 3DM2.webarchive.
Your browser will open and go to the URL for 3DM 2.
OR
•
Open your browser and enter the URL for your system.
The default URL is https://localhost:888/
You can also replace “localhost” with the IP address of the computer
that contains the 3ware controller. For example:
https://<IP address>:888/
Note: If you receive a page not found message, make sure you
entered the URL correctly. If you did, 3DM may not be running in the
background. You can start it manually, as described under “Starting
3DM on the Macintosh” on page 75.
2
The first time you start 3DM, when the security certificate message
displays, click Show Certificate and accept the certificate so that you do
not see the security message each time you start 3DM.
Figure 5. Security Certificate Message from Browser
www.3ware.com
17
Chapter 3. 3DM 2 (3ware Disk Manager) Introduction
(You can also click Continue, in which case you will see this message the
next time you start 3DM.)
3
4
When the 3DM logon screen appears, select whether you are a User or
Administrator.
Enter your password and click Login.
If you are logging in for the first time after installing 3DM, the default
password for both User and Administrator is 3ware.
Note: If you forget the passwords, uninstalling and reinstalling 3DM
resets the passwords to 3ware.
Starting and Stopping the 3DM Process Manually
on the Macintosh
The 3DM process should start automatically after it has been installed. If it
does not, you can start it manually.
Warning: Before you start this process manually, make sure that the 3DM process
is not already running. Starting multiple instances of 3DM can cause errors during
use of 3DM.
To see if the 3DM process is already running
•
Open a Terminal window and type:
ps -ax | grep 3dm2 | grep -v grep
If 3DM is running, you will see it included on the output line that
displays.
To stop the 3DM process so you can restart it
1
In a Terminal window, type:
sudo killall 3dm2
2
3
When prompted for it, enter your administrator password.
Wait for a minute or so before verifying that the process has been
terminated. (It can take a couple of minutes for the process to be stopped.)
4
Verify that the process has been terminated by typing
ps -ax | grep 3dm2 | grep -v grep
The output line should not include 3DM.
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3ware Serial ATA RAID Controller User Guide for the Power Mac G5
Starting 3DM and Logging In
5
If the process is still running, contact AMCC/3ware Technical Support for
assistance.
To start the 3DM process manually
1
Open a Terminal window and type:
sudo /usr/sbin/3dm2
2
Enter your administrator password, when prompted for it.
The 3DM process starts.
3
Open your browser and enter the URL for your system.
The default URL is https://localhost:888/
You can also replace “localhost” with the IP address of the computer that
contains the 3ware controller. For example: https://<IP address>:888/
Viewing 3DM Remotely Using a Web Browser
When remote administration is enabled on the 3DM 2 Settings page, you can
use 3DM to check status and administer your 3ware RAID controller from a
browser on any computer, over an internet connection.
You do not need to install the 3DM software on the remote computer.
To connect to 3DM2 through your web browser
•
In the address line of your browser, enter the URL or IP of the system
containing the 3ware RAID controller.
If you do not know the URL or IP for the system, you can contact your
network administrator. Or open a Terminal window and type ifconfig.
Note: When using 3DM to access a remote system, the time on the
local system must match the time on the file server. If the time varies
by more than 30 minutes, it will not be possible to remotely monitor
the system (you will not be able to log in). If you are in a different time
zone, you must first change the time of the local system to match the
time of the remote system.
www.3ware.com
19
Chapter 3. 3DM 2 (3ware Disk Manager) Introduction
Working with the 3DM Screens
3DM’s features are organized on a series of pages you view in your browser.
After you log in to 3DM, the Summary page shows a list of controllers
installed in the computer at the URL you specified.
Figure 6. 3DM Main Screen
System name and operating system.
Online Help
Address of the
system to which
you are
connected.
Menu bar
Message bar
List of
controllers on
the system
Time of last
page refresh
Version of 3DM
The menu bar across the top of the screen gives you access to other pages in
3DM. You can move between pages by using the menu bar, or by clicking a
link on the page.
The main area of the page provides summary or detail information about your
3ware RAID controller and the resources connected to it.
As you work in 3DM, the Messages area just below the menu bar displays
information about the results of commands you have selected.
Tip: If you have a question about something you see on the screen, just click the
Help button in the menu bar.
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3ware Serial ATA RAID Controller User Guide for the Power Mac G5
Working with the 3DM Screens
3DM Menus
The 3DM menu bar groups access to a number of 3DM pages on menus, and
provides direct link access to others.
Figure 7. 3DM Menu Bar
Status information is available from the Information menu. You can view
controller, unit, and drive information for a particular controller.
The Management menu gives you access to tasks used for managing
controller-level settings (background task rate, unit polices such as enabling
of unit write cache, and controller settings that affect all units managed by the
controller), tasks that can be scheduled (rebuild, verify, and self-test), and
maintenance of individual units. Unit configuration can also be done through
the Management > Maintenance page.
The Monitor menu gives you access to the Alarms page, the BBU page, and
the Enclosure Summary page. The Alarms page shows a list of alarms,
including the specific alarm message, and the exact date and time it occurred.
The BBU page shows the status of a Battery Backup Unit (BBU), if one is
installed, and allows you to test the battery. (BBU is not supported on the
9590SE-4ME.) The Enclosure Summary page provides lists the enclosures
connected to the controller and lets you drill down for more detailed status
information about each.
The 3DM 2 Settings page lets you set preferences, including email
notification for alarms, passwords, page refresh frequency, whether remote
access is permitted, and the incoming port which 3DM will use for listening.
Help lets you access information about using 3DM. The Help is context-
sensitive, so you first see information about the page you now have in view. A
Table of Contents and Index are available to help you find other information.
www.3ware.com
21
Chapter 3. 3DM 2 (3ware Disk Manager) Introduction
Viewing Information About Different Controllers
If you have more than one 3ware RAID controller in the system, you select
the one you want to see details about from the drop-down list at the right of
the menu bar.
This drop-down is available on all pages that provide controller-specific
features.
Figure 8. 3DM Controller Selection Drop-down
Note: Throughout these instructions, the term current controller is used to refer to
the controller which is currently selected in this drop-down list.
Refreshing the Screen
You can refresh the data on the screen at any time by clicking Refresh Page
in the menu bar. This causes 3DM to update the information shown with
current information from the controller and associated drives.
Automatic refreshes can also be set. For details, see “Setting the Frequency of
Note: If you click Refresh on the browser window instead of on the 3DM menu bar,
you will be taken back to the Summary page.
3DM Screens and What They're Used For
Table 5 shows a list of the pages you work with in 3DM and describes what
they are used for. Details about each page and the fields and features on it are
provide links to details about that page.
In addition, the step-by-step instructions provided in the chapters on
configuring and maintaining your RAID controller and units explain how to
do particular tasks in 3DM.
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3ware Serial ATA RAID Controller User Guide for the Power Mac G5
Working with the 3DM Screens
Table 5: List of 3DM Pages
3DM Page
Description
Provides basic information about each 3ware RAID
controller in your system.
To see this page, click Summary in the menu bar.
Provides detailed information about the current controller.
To see this page, choose Information > Controller
Details from the menu bar.
Shows a list of the units on the current controller and
provides summary information about each unit.
To see this page, choose Information > Unit Information
from the menu bar or click an ID number on the Controller
Summary.
Shows details about a particular unit.
To see this page, click an ID number on the Unit
Information page.
Shows a list of drives on the current controller and
provides summary information about each drive.
To see this page, choose Information > Drive
Information from the menu bar.
Shows the SMART data for a specific drive, and shows
additional detail information for the drive.
To see this page, click the Port # for a drive on the Drive
Information page.
Lets you view settings that affect the units on the current
controller and change some of those settings.
Controller-level settings that can be changed include
background task rate, Auto Rebuild, Auto-Carving, and
Carve Size. Some additional policies are shown that can
only be changed in the CLI.
Unit-level settings include specifying the StorSave Profile
and enabling or disabling the Write Cache, Auto-Verify,
Continue on Error During Rebuild, and Queuing.
To see this page, choose Management > Controller
Settings from the menu bar.
Lets you view and change the schedule for tasks that
affect all units on the current controller.
To see this page, choose Management > Scheduling
from the menu bar.
www.3ware.com
23
Chapter 3. 3DM 2 (3ware Disk Manager) Introduction
Table 5: List of 3DM Pages
3DM Page
Description
Lets you configure new units and make changes to
existing units.
To view this page, choose Management > Maintenance
from the menu bar.
Shows a list of alarms, including the specific alarm
message, and the exact date and time it occurred.
To view this page, choose Monitor > Alarms on the menu
bar.
Shows the status of a Battery Backup Unit (BBU), if one is
installed, and allows you to test the battery.
To view this page, choose Monitor > Battery Backup on
the menu bar.
(BBUs are not supported on the 9590SE-4ME.)
Lists the enclosures attached to your 3ware controller.
To view this page, choose Monitor > Enclosure
Support on the menu bar.
Shows details about a particular enclosure, including
status information. You can also use this page to blink the
LED for a particular drive.
To view this page, click the ID number of the Enclosure on
the Enclosure Summary page.
Lets you set preferences, including email notification for
alarms, passwords, page refresh frequency, whether
remote access is permitted, and the incoming port which
3DM will use for listening.
To view this page, click 3DM 2 Settings on the menu bar.
Setting Up 3DM Preferences
The 3DM 2 Settings page lets you define preference settings that affect the
overall operation of 3DM. Most of these settings are specified initially during
installation of 3DM.
On the 3DM 2 Settings page you can perform the following tasks:
•
•
•
•
•
24
3ware Serial ATA RAID Controller User Guide for the Power Mac G5
Setting Up 3DM Preferences
Setting and Changing 3DM Passwords
3DM provides different access levels for users and administrators.
The Administrator access level allows the user to fully configure 3DM. The
User access level allows the user to view pages within 3DM. These passwords
work independently of each other.
The default password for both the User and Administrator is “3ware”.
Passwords are case sensitive.
You can only change passwords if you are logged in as Administrator. If you
change the Administrator password, you will be automatically logged out, and
must log back in with the new password.
To set or change the password
1
2
Click 3DM 2 Settings on the 3DM menu bar.
password you want to change: User or Administrator.
3
Type the current password in the Current Password field.
If you are changing the password for the first time, the factory-set default
password is 3ware.
4
5
Enter the new password in the New Password field and again in the
Confirm New Password field.
Click the Change Password button to enact the change.
Note: If you forget your password, you can uninstall 3DM and then
reinstall it. This will reset the password to the default password,
3ware.
Managing E-mail Event Notification
3DM can notify you when the 3ware RAID controller requires attention, such
as when a disk unit becomes degraded and is no longer fault tolerant.
Event notification can only occur while 3DM is running, so it is
recommended that the 3DM process be left running in the background on the
system that contains the 3ware RAID controller.
When events occur, notification can be e-mailed to one or more recipients.
You can specify the type of events for which notifications will be sent by
selecting the severity:
www.3ware.com
25
Chapter 3. 3DM 2 (3ware Disk Manager) Introduction
•
•
•
Information will send e-mails for all events
Warning will send e-mail for events with severity of Warning and Error.
Error will send e-mail for events with severity of Error only.
For more information about events and alarms, see “Viewing Alarms, Errors,
called “Alarms.”)
Event notification can be set up during 3DM installation, and can be changed
on the 3DM 2 Settings page.
To set up event notification
1
2
Click 3DM 2 Settings on the menu bar.
change the settings you want.
•
•
•
Enable or Disable all notifications.
Set the severity level of events for which e-mail notifications are sent.
Specify the email address of the sender. This will appear in the
“From” field of the e-mail.
•
•
Enter the e-mail address(es) to which notifications are sent. (Separate
multiple addresses with a comma (,) or a semicolon (;).
Enter the SMTP server name or IP of the mail server for the computer
where the 3ware controller is installed.
3
Click Save E-mail Settings.
To send a test message
You can send a test message to make sure you’ve entered the e-mail
notification settings correctly.
•
Click Send Test Message.
Enabling and Disabling Remote Access
When remote access is enabled, a user can connect to 3DM over the internet
or an intranet, to check status or administer the controller and associated
If remote access is disabled and a user attempts to connect to 3DM remotely,
they will see the following error message: “Remote Access to 3DM has been
disabled. Please connect using the local machine by entering “localhost” in
the URL bar.”
Remote access can be enabled or disabled on the 3DM 2 Settings page.
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3ware Serial ATA RAID Controller User Guide for the Power Mac G5
Setting Up 3DM Preferences
To enable or disable remote access
1
2
Click 3DM 2 Settings on the menu bar.
Enabled or Disabled in the Allow Remote Connections field.
The page refreshes, and a message at the top of the screen confirms that
remote access has been enabled or disabled.
Setting the Incoming Port #
You can set the port which 3DM uses to listen for incoming messages. If you
are not sure which port would be the best to use, leave this set to the default
port of 888.
To set the incoming port
1
2
Click 3DM 2 Settings on the menu bar.
number in the Listening Port field.
3
Click Change Port.
The page refreshes, and a message at the top of the screen confirms that
the listening port has been changed.
Setting the Frequency of Page Refreshes
Since the status of the drives attached to your 3ware RAID controller can
change while you are viewing information about them in 3DM, it is important
to refresh the page information regularly. That way you can be assured that
the information you see in 3DM is current.
You can manually refresh the information on a page by clicking Refresh
Page in the menu bar. But you can also have 3DM refresh the information on
a regular basis.
To set the frequency of page refreshes
1
2
Click 3DM 2 Settings on the menu bar.
you want the page to be refreshed in the Minutes Between Refresh field.
Note: If you do not want 3DM to refresh the screen automatically,
select Never in the Minutes Between Refresh field. You can
then refresh manually by clicking Refresh on your web browser.
www.3ware.com
27
4
Configuring Your Controller
This section describes how to view details about the controller, check its
status, and change configuration settings that affect the controller and all of
the drives connected to it. It is organized into the following sections:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Note: Background task rate is also set for all units on a controller. For information
Viewing Information About a Controller
You can check the controller model, serial number, firmware and driver
versions, and the status of the 3ware RAID controller in your computer.
If you have more than one controller in your system, you can easily view
information about each one using 3DM. For example, if you have two 3ware
Sidecars attached to your Power Mac G5, you will have a different 3ware
controller for each one.
To see details about a controller in 3DM
1
Start 3DM and log in as an administrator.
controllers installed in your system.
The right-most column of the list shows the status of each controller.
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3ware Serial ATA RAID Controller User Guide for the Power Mac G5
Viewing Information About a Controller
Figure 9. Controller Summary Page
Tip: If you are managing controllers remotely, the list of controllers is
for the machine with the IP or URL you entered in the browser
address bar.
2
To see more details about a particular controller, click the ID link for that
Figure 10. Controller Details Page
To see information about a different controller in the 3DM pages
If you have more than one controller in the system, you can switch between
them by selecting the one you want from the Select Controller drop-down
list at the right of the menu bar. This drop-down is available on all pages that
provide controller-specific features.
When you select a different controller from this list, the page in view changes,
to reflect the details for the controller you selected.
www.3ware.com
29
Chapter 4. Configuring Your Controller
Note: Throughout this documentation, the term current controller is used to refer to
the controller currently selected in this drop-down list.
Viewing Controller Policies
You can view the current state of controller policies in 3DM, in the Other
Figure 11.) Only the Auto Rebuild, Auto-Carving, and Carve Size policies
can be changed on this page. The other policies do not apply to the Macintosh.
For a summary of the initial default settings, see Table 2, “Default Settings for
To view controller policies in 3DM
•
Choose Management > Controller Settings from the menu bar.
Figure 11. 3DM Controller Settings Page
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3ware Serial ATA RAID Controller User Guide for the Power Mac G5
About Controller Policies
About Controller Policies
The following policies affect all units and drives on a controller and can be
adjusted as appropriate for your equipment. Controller policies are shown at
the bottom of the Controller Settings page.
•
Auto Rebuild. Determines whether the Auto Rebuild policy is enabled or
disabled. When disabled, degraded units can only be rebuilt with
designated spares. When enabled, the controller firmware will attempt to
rebuild a degraded unit if there is no spare, using either an available drive
or a failed drive.
•
Auto-Carving. Determines whether the auto-carving policy is enabled or
disabled. When it is enabled, any unit larger than a specified size (known
as the carve size) is broken into multiple volumes that can be addressed
by the operating system as separate volumes. The default carve size is 2
TB.
This auto-carving feature is sometimes referred to as multi-LUN, where
each volume that is created is referred to as a “LUN.”
•
Carve Size. Sets the size for dividing up units into volumes when Auto-
Carving is enabled. This setting can be between 1024 and 2048 GB.
Some additional policies can be set at the unit level. For more information,
Setting the Auto Rebuild Policy
The Auto Rebuild policy determines how the controller firmware will attempt
to rebuild degraded units.
When Auto Rebuild is disabled, only spares will be automatically used to
rebuild degraded units. When Auto Rebuild is enabled, the firmware will
select drives to use for automatically rebuilding a degraded unit using the
following priority order.
•
•
•
Smallest usable spare.
Smallest usable unconfigured (available) drive.
Smallest usable failed drive.
Enabling Auto Rebuild allows you to add a drive to the controller and have it
be available for a rebuild, without having to specify it as a spare.
With Auto Rebuild enabled, if you accidentally disconnect a drive (causing
the controller to see it as a failed drive) and then reconnect it, the controller
will automatically try to use it again.
www.3ware.com
31
Chapter 4. Configuring Your Controller
To enable Auto Rebuild through 3DM
1
2
Choose Management > Controller Settings from the menu bar in 3DM.
In the Other Controller Settings section at the bottom of the screen, select
the Enabled option for Auto Rebuild.
The page refreshes, and a message at the top confirms the change you
have made.
Using Auto-Carving for Multi LUN Support
When the Auto-Carving policy is on, any unit larger than a specified size
(known as the carve size) is created as multiple volumes that can be addressed
by the operating system as separate volumes. These chunks are sometimes
known as multiple LUNs (logical units). However, throughout the 3ware
documentation, they are referred to as volumes.
For example, using the default carve size of 2 TB, if the unit is 2.5 TB then it
will contain two volumes, with the first volume containing 2TB and the
second volume containing 0.5 TB. If the unit is 5.0 TB then it will contain 3
volumes, with the first two volumes containing 2 TB each and the last volume
containing 1TB.
Each volume can be treated as an individual disk with its own file system. The
default carve size is 2 TB; you can change this to a setting in the range of
1TB to 2 TB (1024 MB to 2048 MB). 3ware firmware supports a maximum
of 8 volumes per controller, up to a total of 16 TB.
If you are migrating a unit to a size that is larger than the carve size and auto-
carving is on, multiple volumes will be created.
Note: Using auto-carving can have an impact on performance.
You must turn on the Auto-Carving policy before creating the unit. Units
created with this policy turned off will not be affected by a change to the
policy. If the policy is turned off later, units that have been carved into
volumes will retain their individual volumes; existing data is not affected.
To use auto-carving
1
Enable the auto-carving feature.
In 3DM, enable Auto-Carving at the bottom of the Management >
Controller Settings page.
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3ware Serial ATA RAID Controller User Guide for the Power Mac G5
Setting the Size of Volumes Created with Auto-Carving
2
Create a new unit or migrate an existing unit to include the drives you
want to use.
If the combined capacity of the drives exceeds the carve size, a number of
volumes will be created.
3
4
Verify the creation of the volumes.
In 3DM 2, the number of volumes is shown on the Unit Details page.
Verify that the volumes appear in the operating system. They will appear
as additional drives.
Notes:
•
When volumes have been created through auto-carving, they cannot be
deleted except by deleting the unit.
•
Changing the auto-carve policy does not affect existing units.
Setting the Size of Volumes Created with
Auto-Carving
If you create units over 2 TB in size and use auto-carving to divide them into
multiple volumes, you can control the size of the volumes to be created by
setting the carve size to use. The carve size can be between 1TB (1024 GB)
and 2 TB (2048 GB); the default is 2 TB.
When you change this policy, it applies to units you create in the future.
Existing units will not be affected.
To set the carve size in 3DM
1
2
Choose Management > Controller Settings from the menu bar in 3DM.
In the Other Controller Settings section at the bottom of the screen, in the
Carve Size field, enter the size you want (between 1024 GB and 204
GB) to use and click Submit.
The page refreshes, and a message at the top confirms the change you
have made.
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33
5
Configuring Units
This section includes information and procedures on configuring units
attached to your 3ware RAID controller. It is organized into the following
topics:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
(RAID Level Migration or Online Capacity Expansion)
•
•
•
•
•
•
Configuring a New Unit
When you configure a new unit, you specify some details related to the type
of RAID configuration that you want, and others that enable or disable
features.
This section first provides an overview of the different settings you can
specify during configuration and then provides step-by-step instructions for
creating a unit.
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Configuring a New Unit
Configuration Options When Creating a Unit
This section provides an overview of the choices you have when configuring
When you configure a new unit, you specify the following:
•
•
•
•
•
Unit policies that affect how the unit will be handled
You can make some types of changes to the RAID configuration later, and
you can change the unit name and the unit policies. For details, see “Changing
Drives to be included in the unit
You may include from one to four drives in the unit, depending on the number
of drives available. (For information about how many drives to select for a
given RAID level, see “Determining What RAID Level to Use” on page 10.)
Available drives are those that are not currently part of a unit. If you want to
use drives that are currently part of a different unit, you must first delete that
unit to make the drives available. (For details, see “Deleting a Unit” on
page 54.) If drives are listed under “Incomplete Drives and Others,” they must
be deleted before they can be used.
If you want to add drives to be used in the unit, see “Adding a Drive” on
Type of configuration (RAID Level)
Available configuration types include RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 5, RAID 10,
and Single Disk. For information about the different RAID levels, see
Note: Creating a unit erases all data on all drives. Although creating a RAID 1
(mirror) creates a unit that will have a duplicate of data on both drives after it is put
in use, creating a RAID 1 cannot be used to make a backup copy of data that
currently exists on a single drive unless you migrate from a RAID 1 to two individual
single disks.
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Chapter 5. Configuring Units
Name of the unit (optional)
Units can be given names. These names will be visible in 3DM.
Stripe size, if appropriate for the RAID level
In general, smaller stripe sizes are better for sequential I/O, such as video, and
larger stripe sizes are better for random I/O (such as databases).
Striping size is not applicable for RAID 1, because it is a mirrored array
without striping.
Using the default stripe size of 64KB usually gives you the best performance
for mixed I/Os. If your application has some specific I/O pattern (purely
sequential or purely random), you might want to experiment with a smaller or
larger stripe size.
Unit policies
Several unit policies are set when you create a new unit:
•
•
•
•
•
Write Cache (enabled, by default)
Drive Queuing (disabled, by default).
Auto Verify (disabled, by default)
Continue on Source Error During Rebuild (disabled, by default).
StorSave Profile (Protection, by default)
You can change all of these policies after the unit has been created.
For a summary of what these policies do, see the discussion under “Setting
Unit Policies” on page 44. For how to adjust each one, see the procedures
later in this chapter.
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Configuring a New Unit
Creating a Unit
In 3DM, creating a unit starts from the Management > Maintenance page
Figure 12. 3DM Maintenance Page
To create a unit
1
2
In 3DM, choose Management > Maintenance.
In the Available Drives list, select the drives you want to include in the
unit by marking the checkbox in front of the Port number for each one.
If you are creating single drive units (single disks or hot spares), you can
configure multiple drives at once.
3
Click Create Unit.
A window similar to the one below shows the drives you selected, and
lets you specify configuration settings.
Figure 13. Configuring a Unit in 3DM
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Chapter 5. Configuring Units
4
5
In the Type field, select the RAID configuration you want.
If stripe size applies to the RAID type you select, select a Stripe Size.
(Stripe size does not apply to RAID 1.)
6
7
Optional: In the Name box, enter a name for the unit (up to 21 characters,
including dashes and underscores).
Make changes to the unit policies, as desired. You can enable or disable
the Write Cache, Auto Verify, and Continue on Source Error During
Rebuild. You can also set the StorSave policy.
For details about these settings, see “Setting Unit Policies” on page 44.
8
Click OK.
The new unit appears in the Unit Maintenance list at the top of the page
and the operating system is notified of the new unit.
If you have auto-carving enabled and the size of your unit exceeds the
carve size, you may see multiple unit volumes in your operating system.
For details, see “Using Auto-Carving for Multi LUN Support” on
9
When the Mac OS displays a “Disk Insertion” message, go on to
Initializing (Formatting) and Partitioning Units
After you create a unit, it needs to be formatted, partitioned, and mounted by
the operating system before it can be used.
Note: “Initialization” of the unit by the Mac OS is different from
“initialization” of a unit by 3ware. Initialization under your operating system
will format your disk, erasing any existing data in the process. Initialization
under 3ware does not erase data; it puts redundant data on the drives of
redundant units into a known state so that data can be recovered in the
event of a disk failure. For more information, see “About Initialization” in
the 3ware Serial ATA RAID Controller User Guide for the Macintosh.
When you create a unit through 3DM 2, the Mac OS X recognizes that a new
disk is available, and displays a message asking what you want to do. (If this
message does not appear, you can start the Disk Utility manually from the
Finder and skip to step 2.)
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Configuring a New Unit
To initialize and partition your unit
1 In the Mac OS message, click Initialize.
Figure 14. Disk Insertion Message from the Mac OS
2
When the Macintosh Disk Utility window opens, find and select the drive
that represents your RAID unit.
Figure 15. Macintosh Disk Utility Window with New RAID Unit
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Chapter 5. Configuring Units
3
In the Disk Utility Window, select the Partition tab.
Figure 16. Macintosh Disk Utility Window, Partition Tab
4
In the Volume Scheme column, click Current to show the drop-down
menu and select the number of partitions that you want your RAID unit to
have.
Tip: If you only want one volume, select 1 Partition. (Each partition will
appear as a separate drive on your computer.)
Figure 17. Selecting the Number of Volumes in Disk Utility
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3ware Serial ATA RAID Controller User Guide for the Power Mac G5
Configuring a New Unit
5
On the right, specify a volume name and then click Partition.
Figure 18. Defining the Volume in the Macintosh Disk Utility
a) Enter a
name
b) Click
Partition
6
When a message asks you to confirm you want to partition the disk, click
Partition.
Figure 19. Confirmation Message to Create the Partition
You will see a series of messages appear toward the bottom of the Disk
Utility window as the RAID unit is first partitioned and then formatted.
This may take a couple of minutes, depending on the size of the drives in
your RAID unit.
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Chapter 5. Configuring Units
Figure 20. Macintosh Disk Utility Showing Partitioning Progress
Messages
appear here
as the unit is
formatted.
When the partitioning is complete, icons for each new volume appear on
your desktop. They are now ready for use.
You can now close the Macintosh Disk Utility window. Your RAID unit is
ready for use.
Creating a Hot Spare
You can designate an available drive as a hot spare. If a redundant unit
degrades and a hot spare the size of the degraded disk (or larger) is available,
the hot spare will automatically replace the failed drive in the unit without
user intervention.
Note: When a hot spare replaces a failed drive, an event notification is generated
and appears in the list of alarms in 3DM. You can also have 3DM send you an email
It is a good idea to create a hot spare after you create a redundant unit.
In order to replace a failed drive, a hot spare must have the same or larger
storage capacity than the drive it is replacing.
The Auto Rebuild policy allows automatic rebuilding to occur with available
drives that are not designated as spares. For more information, see “Setting
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3ware Serial ATA RAID Controller User Guide for the Power Mac G5
Naming a Unit
Note: 3ware’s 9000 series RAID controllers use drive coercion so that drives from
differing manufacturers and with slightly different capacities are more likely to be
able to be used as spares for each other. Drive coercion slightly decreases the
usable capacity of a drive that is used in redundant units.
The capacity used for each drive is rounded down to the nearest GB for drives
under 45 GB (45,000,000,000 bytes), and rounded down to the nearest 5 GBytes
for drives over 45 GB. For example, a 44.3 GB drive will be rounded down to 44
GBytes, and a 123 GB drive will be rounded down to 120 GBytes.
If you have 120 GB drives from different manufacturers, chances are that the
capacity varies slightly. For example, one drive might be 122 GB, and the other 123
GB, even though both are sold and marketed as “120 GB drives.” 3ware drive
coercion uses the same capacity for both of these drives so that one could replace
the other.
If you need to add a drive to be used as the hot spare, follow the instructions
To specify a hot spare
1
2
In 3DM, choose Management > Maintenance.
In the Available Drives list, select the drive you want as a hot spare by
marking the checkbox in front of it’s Port number.
3
4
5
Click Create Unit.
In the dialog box that appears, select the configuration type Spare.
Click Ok.
You will see the spare appear at the top of the page, under Unit
Maintenance.
Naming a Unit
Units can be given unique names to more easily identify them. A unit can be
assigned a name when it is created. It can also be named or renamed at a later
time.
To name or rename a unit through 3DM
1
Make sure the appropriate controller is selected in the drop-down list at
the right of the menu bar.
2
3
Choose Management > Controller Settings from the menu bar in 3DM.
for which you want to change the name.
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Chapter 5. Configuring Units
4
5
In the text box, enter or type over the name shown.
A name can be up to 21 characters, and can include dashes and
underscores.
Click the Save Names button.
Note: If you want to cancel your change before saving it, click the
Reset Names button.
Setting Unit Policies
The following polices are set when you create a unit, and can be adjusted later
through settings on the Management > Controller Settings pages of 3DM.
Details about adjusting each policy are described on the following pages.
•
Unit Write Cache. Determines whether write cache is enabled for the
unit. When the write cache is enabled, data is stored locally on the drive
before it is written to disk, allowing the computer to continue with its next
task. This provides the most efficient access times for your computer
system. When disabled, the computer will wait for the drive to write all
the data to disk before going on to its next task. For details, see “Enabling
•
Auto Verify. Determines whether Auto Verify is enabled for the unit.
When enabled, the Auto Verify policy causes a verify task to be
performed automatically once every 24 hours. This feature is designed to
make it easier to insure regular verification of units. If verify schedules
have been enabled, then Auto Verify will run only in the scheduled verify
time slots. When Auto Verify is disabled, you must manually specify
when you want to verify a unit, even if you have set a verify schedule. For
•
•
Continue on Source Error During Rebuild. Determines whether ECC
errors are ignored when they are encountered during a rebuild. (ECC
errors are an indication of errors that have occurred on a particular drive
since it was last read.) When not enabled, a rebuild will abort upon
encountering an ECC error and the unit will be set to Degraded. For
Queuing. Determines whether NCQ (Native Command Queuing) is
enabled for the unit. When enabled for drives that support it, this policy
can improve performance. For details, see “Enabling and Disabling
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3ware Serial ATA RAID Controller User Guide for the Power Mac G5
Setting Unit Policies
•
StorSave Profile. Determines what StorSave profile is used for the unit.
Three profiles are available: Protection, Balanced, and Performance. For
Figure 21. Unit Policies on Controller Settings Page in 3DM
Enabling and Disabling the Unit Write Cache
Write cache is used to store data locally in memory on the drive before it is
written to the disk drive media, allowing the computer to continue with its
next task. This improves performance. However, there may be instances when
you want the computer to wait for the drive to write all the data to disk before
going on to its next task. In this case, you must disable the write cache.
Note: If write cache is enabled, in the event of a power failure, the data in the write
cache will be lost.To avoid a sudden power failure, it is advisable to have an
Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS). (BBU is not supported on the 9590SE-4ME.)
Write cache can be turned on or off for individual units in 3DMwithout
changing the configuration or losing data from the drives.
Note: If the Write Cache checkbox is disabled (not selectable), check to see if the
unit has degraded. If a unit has a StorSave policy of “Protect” and the unit degrades,
the policy prevents write cache from being re-enabled until the unit has been rebuilt.
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Chapter 5. Configuring Units
To enable or disable unit write cache through 3DM
1
2
Choose Management > Controller Settings from the menu bar in 3DM.
Write Cache box to enable it for the designated unit.
The page refreshes, and a message at the top confirms the change you
have made.
A message will caution you about enabling write cache without a BBU.
Setting Auto Verify for a Unit
The Auto Verify policy causes verify tasks to be performed automatically.
This feature is designed to make verification of units easier.
If Auto Verify is set and there is no schedule set up for verify tasks, then the
controller firmware can initiate a verify task once every 24 hours. If verify
time windows are scheduled, then the controller will only start an automatic
verify task during the scheduled time windows. (For information about
schedules, see “Scheduling Background Tasks” on page 76.)
If Auto Verify is not set, you must manually specify when you want to run a
verify, on the 3DM Controller Settings page. If a schedule is set for verify,
then the verify that you manually start will only run during the scheduled
time.
You can set the Auto Verify policy while creating a unit through 3DM or you
can change the setting later using the following method.
To set the Auto Verify policy for an existing unit
1
2
Choose Management > Controller Settings from the menu bar in 3DM.
Auto Verify box for the appropriate unit. (To disable this policy, uncheck
the box.)
The page refreshes, and a message at the top confirms the change you
have made.
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Setting Unit Policies
Setting Continue on Source Error During Rebuild
The Continue on Source Error During Rebuild policy is available for units
which are redundant. (For units which are not redundant, this option is not
shown on the screen.) When this policy is set, ECC (Error Correcting Code)
errors are ignored when they are encountered during a rebuild. (ECC errors
are typically defects that have been detected in the drive since initialization.)
When this policy is not set, if a unit is rebuilding, the rebuild will abort when
it encounters an ECC error and the unit will be set back to Degraded.
Since enabling this policy could result in the loss of some source data in the
event of source errors, the default is to not enable this policy. Select this
option only if you want to ensure that a rebuild will complete successfully
without manual intervention. If the rebuild fails and Continue on Source
Error During Rebuild is not selected, then you have the option to start
another rebuild manually. After completing a rebuild with this policy enabled,
it is recommended that you execute a file system check when the rebuild
completes. On Mac OS X, you can do this using the First Aid tab in the Disk
Utility—select the disk on the left and then click Verify Disk. If verification
encounters problems, you can then use the Repair Disk option on the same
screen.
To set the Continue on Source Error During Rebuild policy in 3DM
1
2
Choose Management > Controller Settings from the menu bar in 3DM.
boxes to select the policies you want to be in effect for each unit
The page refreshes, and a message at the top confirms the change you
have made.
Enabling and Disabling Queuing for a Unit
Some drives support NCQ (Native Command Queuing), a feature that can
result in increased performance for applications that require a lot of random
access of data (usually server-type applications). This is accomplished by
causing command reordering to be done on the drive.
In order to make use of NCQ, the feature must be enabled at both the drive
and the controller.
You can see whether NCQ is supported and enabled for a particular drive in
the Drive Details window. For details, see “Drive Details window” on
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Chapter 5. Configuring Units
Note: Not all drives support NCQ. If a drive does not support NCQ, the policy
setting for the controller is ignored.
To enable or disable queuing for a unit through 3DM
1
2
Choose Management > Controller Settings from the menu bar in 3DM.
queuing by checking the box under “Queuing” for the designated unit;
disable it by unchecking the box.
The page refreshes, and a message at the top confirms the change that you
have made.
Setting the StorSave Profile for a Unit
You can set the desired level of data protection versus performance for a unit
by selecting the StorSave Profile. Three profiles are provided: Protection
(maximum data protection), Performance (maximum performance, less data
protection), and Balanced (a middle ground).The default is Protection.
About StorSave Profile Levels
The three profiles automatically adjust several different factors that affect
protection and performance on a per unit basis. These are summarized in the
table below and further explained after the table.
Table 6: StorSave Profile Definitions
Protection (Default)
Balanced
Performance
Maximum data
protection, but slower
performance.
More data protection than
Performance but less
data protection than
Protection.
Maximum performance
for the unit, but less data
protection.
Definition
Honor FUA
Honor FUA
Ignore FUA
FUA (Force Unit
Access)
Enabled
Enabled
Disabled
Disabled
Disabled
Disabled
Write Journaling
Disable Cache on
Degrade
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Setting Unit Policies
•
FUA (Force Unit Access). FUA commands are a way that the RAID
controller or a program (such as a database program) can ensure that data
is actually written to the disk drive media, and is not stored in cache.
When a write command is followed with a FUA command, then the disk
drive will only issue “command complete” to the controller once the data
is written to media. When performance is considered more important than
protection, it may be desirable to ignore FUA commands.
The Protection and Balanced profiles honor FUA commands; the
Performance profile ignores them.
•
Write Journaling. Write journaling tracks the writing of data to disk and
preserves a copy of data that has not yet been written to the disk media.
Following a power failure or in the event of accidental drive removal and
reinsertion, the firmware can recover the unit without data loss. All
pending writes sitting in the controller cache are replayed after power is
restored or the drive is reinserted and are flushed from the controller to
the drive.
Using write journaling helps protect your data, however it can have an
impact on performance.
The Protection profile enables write journaling; the Performance and
Balanced Profile disables it.
•
Write cache disabled on degrade. In the event that a unit degrades, the
use of write cache can be disabled until the unit is rebuilt. Once the unit is
rebuilt, you must enable the write cache manually. The write cache will
not automatically reenable when the unit is rebuilt.
The Protection profile enables this feature, so that write cache is disabled
in the event a unit degrades; the Performance and Balanced profiles
disable this feature, so that write cache continues to be enabled.
Setting the StorSave Profile through 3DM
In 3DM, the StorSave Profile is a unit policy that can be set on the Controller
Settings page.
To set the StorSave profile through 3DM
1
2
Choose Management > Controller Settings from the menu bar in 3DM.
profile you want to use from the drop-down list in the StorSave column.
The page refreshes, and a message at the top confirms the change you
have made.
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Chapter 5. Configuring Units
Changing An Existing Configuration
You can convert one RAID configuration into another while the unit is online.
This process is known as RAID Level Migration (RLM).
You can use RAID Level Migration to make two main types of configuration
changes:
•
•
RAID Level (for example, a RAID 1 to a RAID 5)
Unit Capacity Expansion (for example, adding a 4th drive to a 3-drive
RAID 5)
You can also use RLM to change the stripe size of a unit.
Note: A unit being migrated can still be used (I/O still continues), however the
performance will be affected while the migrating task is active. You can control how
much effect this has on performance by setting the background task rate. For more
information, see “Setting Background Task Rate” on page 112.
This section includes the following topics about changing existing
configurations:
•
•
•
•
If you want to change the policy settings for an existing unit, there is no need
to change the configuration. See “Setting Unit Policies” on page 44.
RAID Level Migration (RLM) Overview
RAID level migration is the process of converting one RAID configuration to
another. When you migrate a unit to a different configuration, the user data on
it is redistributed to the format of the new configuration. This data
redistribution process is a background task, similar to the rebuild or verify
processes.
Figure 22 shows an example of how data is reconfigured during a migration.
In this example, the migration is from a 3-drive RAID 0 to a 4-drive RAID 5,
with both having the same stripe size. As can be seen, every piece of user data
is moved from its original physical location.
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Changing An Existing Configuration
Figure 22. RAID Level Migration Example
Typically, a unit is reconfigured with the same or more storage capacity.
Sometimes additional drives are added. The following table shows valid
reconfigurations, some of which will require the addition of more drives.
Table 7: Valid Migration Paths
Destination
Source
R0
R0
R1
R5
R10
Single
Spare
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
R1
R5
a
R10
Yes
Yes
Single
Spare
No
a. When migrating a RAID 10 to a RAID 10, the only change you can
make is the stripe size.
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Chapter 5. Configuring Units
Changing RAID Level
You can use migrate to change the RAID level of an existing unit while the
unit is online, without experiencing any data loss. When you change a RAID
level, you may also add one or more drives to the unit. You can also migrate to
change the unit's stripe size. For example, a four-drive RAID 5 with a 64KB
stripe size can be migrated to a four-drive RAID 5 with 256KB stripe size.
The steps below describe how to change a RAID level in 3DM2.
Note: Once migration starts, the unit stays in the migrating state until the migration
process is complete. The migration process cannot be aborted, and must be
allowed to finish before a rebuild or verify to the unit is permitted.
Warning: It is important that you allow migration to complete before adding to the
unit. Making physical changes to the unit during migration may cause the migration
process to stop, and can jeopardize the safety of your data.
To change the RAID level of a unit
1
2
In 3DM 2, choose Management > Maintenance.
In the Unit Maintenance table on the Maintenance Page, select the unit for
which you wish to change the RAID level, by checking the box next to
the Unit ID.
3
Click the Migrate Unit button.
The Migrate dialog box appears.
4
5
6
7
Select any drives to be added to the unit.
Select the new RAID level.
Optionally, select a new Stripe size.
Click OK.
The Maintenance page updates to show the new unit and the Migration
progress.
8
Inform the operating system of the change, as described below under
Note: You can only migrate a unit to a RAID level that has the same or more
capacity as the existing one. A four-drive RAID 5 unit can migrate to a four-drive
RAID 0, but a three-drive RAID 0 unit cannot migrate to a three-drive RAID 5,
without adding another drive, due to the need for additional storage capacity for
parity bits.
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Changing An Existing Configuration
Expanding Unit Capacity
You can expand a unit's capacity by adding one or more drives to it without
changing the RAID level, except for singles and RAID 1 units. (Since a single
can only have one drive, and a RAID 1 can only have two drives, if you add a
drive to either, the RAID level must be changed.)
For a RAID 5 with 3 drives, you can change the capacity by adding a forth
drive.
Expanding unit capacity can be accomplished while the unit is online, without
experiencing any data loss. This process is also referred to as Online Capacity
Expansion (OCE).
To expand a unit’s capacity
1
2
In 3DM 2, choose Management > Maintenance.
In the Unit Maintenance table on the Maintenace Page, select the unit you
wish to expand by checking the box next to the Unit ID.
3
4
Click the Migrate Unit button.
The Migrate dialog box appears, listing the drives which can be added to
the unit.
Select the drives(s) you wish to add to the unit by checking the Port ID
box next to each one.
5
6
If desired or necessary, select the appropriate RAID level.
Click OK.
The Maintenance page updates to show the newly reconfigured unit. The
Status column title indicates that Migration is in progress.
7
Inform the operating system of the change, as described below.
Informing the Operating System of Changed
Configuration
After you change the configuration of a unit, you must inform the operating
system of the change, and you may need to re-partition the unit.
Resizing the file system to match the new partition size is not automatic. It
may be necessary to expand the file-system using tools specific to your
operating system.
In addition, in order to use the new capacity, you need to either resize the
existing partition or add a new partition.
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Chapter 5. Configuring Units
Note: This step can only be done after the system has completed the migration or
online capacity process. The operating system will not see the capacity until that
process is complete.
To inform the operating system that a unit has been changed
1
2
Unmount the file system from the unit.
Launch the Macintosh Disk Utility, select the unit, and click the Unmount
button the toolbar, or select the icon for the unit on the desktop and drag it
to the trash.
In the software, remove and rescan the controller, in order to update unit
information.
a
In 3DM2 choose Management > Maintenance and select the
appropriate unit.
a
Click the Remove Unit button.
b
After the unit has been removed, click the Rescan button. The new
unit capacity displays.
4
Resize the partition and file system or create a new partition.
Deleting a Unit
You delete a unit—either an array of disks, or a Single Disk—when you want
to reconfigure the unit or use the drives for other purposes.
After you delete a unit, the drives appear in the list of Available Drives.
Warning: When a unit is deleted, all of the data on that unit will be lost. The drives
cannot be reassembled into the same unit because the data on it is erased. If you
want to reassemble the drives into the same unit on another controller, use the
Remove Unit button in 3DM instead of the Delete Unit button. Or, you can shut
down the computer and physically move the drives or the 3ware Sidecar containing
the drives to another 3ware RAID controller. When you restart your system, the
controller will recognize the unit. For more information see “Moving a Unit from One
To delete a unit through 3DM
1
Make sure the operating system is not accessing the unit you want to
remove.
For example, make sure you are not copying files to the unit, and make
sure that there are no applications with open files on that unit.
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Deleting a Unit
2
3
Backup any data you want to keep.
Unmount the unit.
Launch the Macintosh Disk Utility, select the unit, and click the Unmount
button the toolbar, or select the icon for the unit on the desktop and drag it
to the trash.
This step is very important. If a unit is not unmounted and you delete it,
it is the equivalent of physically yanking a hard drive out from under the
operating system. You could lose data, the system could hang, or the
controller could reset.
4
5
In 3DM, choose Management > Maintenance.
In the Unit Maintenance section of the Maintenance page, select the unit
Figure 23. Deleting a Unit Through 3DM
6
When a message asks you to confirm, click OK.
Configuration information associating the drives with the unit is deleted,
and the individual drives appear in the Available Drives list (Figure 24).
You can now use them as part of another unit, or designate them as
Spares, for use in a rebuild.
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Chapter 5. Configuring Units
Figure 24. Unit Successfully Deleted through 3DM
Removing a Unit
Removing a unit allows you to safely remove drives from a controller in order
to move the unit to another controller or to store the drives for safekeeping
purposes. This process is sometimes referred to as “array roaming.”
When you remove a unit (in contrast to deleting a unit), information about the
unit remains intact on the drives. This allows the drives to be reassembled into
a unit again on this controller, or if moved to another controller.
Warning: It is important to remove the unit through software, before removing it
physically. Failure to do so could result in a system crash or hang and may even
corrupt the data and the unit configuration from being reassembled later.
Note: You can also remove a drive, if you want to force a degrade on a redundant
unit, or if you want to remove a drive from the “Available Drives” list so that you can
then remove it from the system. For more information, see “Removing a Drive” on
To remove a unit through 3DM
1
2
Make sure the operating system is not accessing the unit you want to
remove.
For example, make sure you are not copying files to the unit, and make
sure that there are no applications with open files on that unit.
Unmount the unit.
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Moving a Unit from One Controller to Another
Launch the Macintosh Disk Utility, select the unit, and click the
Unmount button the toolbar, or select the icon for the unit on the desktop
and drag it to the trash.
This step is very important. If a unit is not unmounted and you remove
it, it is the equivalent of physically yanking a hard drive out from under
the operating system. You could lose data, the system could hang, or the
controller could reset.
3
4
In 3DM, choose Management > Maintenance.
you want to remove and click Remove Unit.
5
When a message asks you to confirm, click OK.
The unit number and information is removed from the Maintenance page
in 3DM.
The operating system is notified that the unit was removed.
You can now physically remove the drives and move them to another
controller.
If you change your mind and want to reuse the drives and unit on the
current controller, click Rescan Controller.
Moving a Unit from One Controller to Another
After you have configured a unit on a 3ware 9590SE controller, you can move
it to a different 3ware 9590SE controller, and retain the configuration on the
new controller. This is referred to as “array roaming.”
When connecting the unit to the new controller, you do not have to physically
connect the drives to the same ports to which they were connected on the
previous controller. The firmware will still recognize the unit. This feature is
referred to as “disk roaming.”
3DM includes two features that help you move a unit without powering down
the system, allowing you to hot-swap the unit. The Remove Unit feature lets
you prepare a unit to be disconnected from the controller, and the Rescan
feature checks the controller for drives that are now connected, and updates
the 3DM screens with current information. For details, see “Removing a
Note: Moving a unit to another controller while the unit is in the migration state is
supported with one restriction. If the unit was in the middle of the migration process
and the controller was shutdown uncleanly, the unit cannot be moved to another
controller until the unit has recovered from the unclean shutdown.
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Chapter 5. Configuring Units
Adding a Drive
You can add a drive to your 3ware Sidecar and make it available through
3DM without powering down the system.
To add a drive
1
Insert the drive in your 3ware Sidecar. (For details, see 3ware Sidecar Kit
with the 9590SE-ME: Installation Guide.)
2
3
In 3DM, choose Management > Maintenance.
The drive will appear in the list of available drives. You can now use it in
a new RAID configuration, or as a replacement drive in the event that
another drive degrades.
If you want to use this drive as a spare, see “Creating a Hot Spare” on
Removing a Drive
If you want to physically remove a drive from your 3ware Sidecar without
powering it down, you must first remove it through the 3ware software.
This is useful if you know that a drive is developing a problem and you want
to replace it, or to replace a drive which has already failed.
Notes:
If you want to remove a unit from your system and reassemble it in another system,
If you physically remove a drive on a 9590SE controller without first removing it in
3DM, it will be listed as removed, however it will not be completely removed unless
you Rescan the controller.
To remove a drive
1
2
In 3DM, choose Management > Maintenance.
that can be removed from units, and next to drives in the Available Drives
list.
Locate the drive you want to remove and click the Remove Drive link
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Removing a Drive
3
When 3DM asks you to confirm that you want to remove the drive, click
OK.
Figure 25. Removing a Drive in 3DM
You can now remove the drive from your system.
If you removed a drive that was part of a unit, the unit may become
Figure 26. Result of Removing Drive from Unit in 3DM
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Chapter 5. Configuring Units
Rescanning the Controller
When you make a change by physically adding or removing drives or units,
you can have 3DM rescan the controller to update the list of units and
available drives shown on the Maintenance page.
This is useful in a variety of circumstances. For example, if you add new
drives to the controller, you can make them available by rescanning the
controller. Or if you turn on the 3ware Sidecar after turning on your Power
Mac G5, you can use rescan to make the computer see the drives.
Rescanning checks all ports on the controller. It then updates the status of all
ports, so if error conditions have been fixed, the status is updated to reflect
that.
For more details about how the Rescan feature works, see the information in
To rescan the controller
1
2
In 3DM, choose Management > Maintenance.
3DM scans the controller for information about units and drives, and
updates the information shown on the Maintenance page.
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6
Maintaining Units
3ware RAID controllers include a number of features in the firmware that
help maintain the integrity of your drives, check for errors, repair bad sectors,
and rebuild units when drives degrade. In addition, 3ware Disk Manager
(3DM) provide tools to let you check unit and drive status, and manually start
background maintenance tasks. 3DM also lets you review alarms and errors
and schedule background maintenance tasks.
This section includes information about the following topics to help you
maintain your units:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Checking Unit and Drive Status
The information screens in 3DM let you see both summary and detailed
information about your 3ware RAID controller, configured units, and
available drives. You can quickly see the status of your controller and drives,
and drill down to find details about any units or drives that have problems.
A status column on the controller, unit, and drive information pages lets you
quickly see whether everything is working (OK), performing a task (such as
initializing, verifying, or rebuilding), or has a problem (error, degraded,
warning).
The next figure illustrates how you can drill down to get additional detail
about units and drives in your system.
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Chapter 6. Maintaining Units
Figure 27. Drilling Down to Check Status Information
For details about specific pages with summary and detailed status
information, see these topics in the 3DM Reference section:
•
•
•
•
•
•
For an explanation of unit and drive status, see:
•
•
For information about what the LEDs on your enclosure mean, see “Enclosure
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Checking Unit and Drive Status
Enclosure LED Status Indicators
The LEDs on your enclosure also provide status information about your
drives and units.
Table 8: Meaning of LED Colors and Behavior
Color
Drive Status
Solid green
OK
Blinking green
Identify
This occurs when you have used the Identify command in 3DM
to locate a particular drive or unit. (See “Locating a Drive by
Black
No drive
Solid Amber
Blinking amber
Hot spare
Rebuilding
The drive in this slot is part of a RAID unit that is currently
rebuilding. You can continue to use the unit. For more
Solid red
Drive fault
This drive has failed. You should replace it and rebuild the unit.
Blinking red
Predicted drive fault
3ware software predicts that this drive will fail soon. You may
want to replace it.
Unit Statuses
The following is a list of unit statuses you may see in 3DM:
•
•
OK. The unit is optimal and is functioning normally.
Rebuilding. The unit is in the process of writing data to a newly added
disk in a redundant unit, in order to restore the unit to an optimal state.
The unit is not fully fault tolerant until the rebuilding is complete. For
•
Rebuild-Paused. The unit is set to rebuild, however scheduling is
enabled, and the present time is not during a scheduled timeslot.
Rebuilding will start at the next scheduled time slot. Rebuilds are also
paused for up to ten minutes after a reboot, even during a scheduled
timeslot.
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Chapter 6. Maintaining Units
•
•
Initializing. The unit is in the process of writing to all of the disks in the
unit in order to make the array fault tolerant. For more information, see
Initializing-Paused. The unit is set to initialize, however scheduling is
enabled and the present time is not during a scheduled timeslot.
Initializing will start at the next scheduled time slot. Initialization is also
paused for up to ten minutes after a reboot, even during a scheduled
timeslot.
•
•
•
Verifying. The unit is in the process of ensuring that the parity data of a
Verify-Paused. The unit is set to verify, however, scheduling is enabled,
and the present time is not during a scheduled timeslot. Verification will
start at the next scheduled time slot.
Migrating. The unit is in the process of being reconfigured while it is
online. Migration can be used to change the RAID level, to expand the
capacity by adding additional drives, or to change the stripe size. For
more information, see “Changing An Existing Configuration” on page 50.
•
Migrate-Paused. The unit is in the process of migrating, however
scheduling is enabled, and the present time is not during a scheduled
timeslot. Migrating will start at the next scheduled time slot. Migration is
also paused for up to ten minutes after a reboot, even during a scheduled
timeslot.
•
•
Degraded. One or more drives in the redundant unit is no longer being
used by the controller. For more information, see “About Degraded
Inoperable. This is a condition where one or more drives are missing
from a unit, causing the unit to no longer be available to the operating
system. Data on an inoperable unit cannot be accessed. For more
Drive Statuses
The following is a list of drive statuses you may see in 3DM:
•
•
•
•
OK. The drive is fine and is functioning normally.
Not Present. No drive is present in this slot.
Drive Removed. The drive has been removed.
Other. A number of other drive statuses may appear in the event of a
problem. If you have a question about a status shown, contact AMCC
customer support. knowing the exact drive status can help trouble-shoot
the problem.
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About Degraded Units
About Degraded Units
Fault tolerant RAID units provide data redundancy by duplicating
information on multiple drives. These RAID units make it possible to
continue use even if one of the drives in the unit has failed.
•
•
RAID 1 and 10 units each use mirroring to achieve fault tolerance.
Identical data is stored on two or more drives to protect against drive
failure.
RAID 5 units achieve fault tolerance by using a simple (exclusive OR)
function to generate the parity data that is distributed on all drives.
When one of the drives in a fault-tolerant unit fails or is removed or
unplugged, the unit is said to be degraded.
You can still read and write data from a degraded unit, but the unit will not be
fault tolerant until it is rebuilt using the Rebuild feature.
When a RAID unit becomes degraded, it is marked as such, and the drive(s)
that failed are marked as Degraded in the 3DM pages. On the 3ware Sidecar,
the LED for failed drives turns red.
You should replace the failed drive and rebuild the unit as soon as it is
convenient to do so. The unit will not be fault tolerant until it has been rebuilt.
Rebuilding can occur automatically, depending on your settings. For more
About Inoperable Units
Units become inoperable when there are no longer enough drives in the unit
for it to function. For example, a RAID 5 created from 4 drives becomes
degraded if one drive fails or is removed, but becomes inoperable if two
drives fail or are removed.
Data on an inoperable unit cannot be accessed.
If you have data on a unit that is currently “inoperable,” contact technical
support.
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Chapter 6. Maintaining Units
Alarms, Errors, and Other Events
3DM provides several levels of detail about alarms, errors, and other events:
•
•
A summary log of all events and notifications on the Alarms page
A detailed error listing, available for download from the Controller
Details page
•
SMART data for individual drives
Viewing Alarms, Errors, and Other Events
The Alarms page in 3DM shows a log of all events (also called Asynchronous
Event Notifications, or AENs) that have occurred on units. These events
include alarms that occur when the 3ware RAID controller requires attention,
such as when a disk unit becomes degraded and is no longer fault tolerant.
They also include SMART notifications and informational notification, such
as when sectors have been repaired during verification.
Alarm messages are categorized into the following levels of severity:
•
•
•
Errors, shown next to a red box
Warnings, shown next to a yellow box
Information, shown next to a blue box
3DM can e-mail notifications of these events to one or more recipients. For
For a listing of the possible messages, see “Error and Notification Messages”
To view alarms
1
2
Choose Monitor > Alarms.
For details about a particular alarm, click it.
A Help window opens with additional information about the alarm.
To see an explanation of a specific item
•
Click on the item in the 3DM Alarms page.
A help topic opens with additional information.
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Alarms, Errors, and Other Events
Downloading an Error Log
You can download an error log containing information from the firmware log.
This can be useful when troubleshooting certain types of problems. For
example, you might want to send the saved file to 3ware Customer Support
for assistance when troubleshooting.
To download the error log
1
2
In 3DM, choose Information > Controller Details from the menu bar.
Make sure the correct controller is displayed in the Select Controller
field in the menu bar.
3
4
When the Save or Open dialog box appears, navigate to where you want
to save the log and click OK.
Viewing SMART Data About a Drive
You can view SMART (Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting
Technology) data about a drive to help troubleshoot problems that occur.
SMART data is available on all disk drives (unit members, Single Disks, and
Hot Spares).
You can also set self-tests that will check the SMART attributes and post
messages to the Alarms page when they are exceeded. For more information,
To view SMART data
1
2
Choose Information > Drive Information from the menu bar.
are interested in.
A window showing details of the SMART data opens. The data is shown
as hex values.
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Chapter 6. Maintaining Units
Background Tasks
Background tasks are maintenance tasks that help maintain the integrity of
your drives and data. These tasks include
•
•
•
•
•
Initialization of units
Verification of units
Rebuilds when units have become degraded
Migration of an on-line RAID from one RAID configuration to another
Self-tests
You can set up your system so that these tasks occur as they are needed, or
you can create schedules so that they occur during non-peak times.
Background tasks can have an effect on performance, so using a schedule can
minimize the impact.
This section includes the following topics related to background tasks:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Although the migration of a unit is handled as a background task, initiating it
is similar to creating a new unit. For details, see “Changing An Existing
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Background Tasks
About Initialization
For 3ware SATA RAID controllers, initialize means to put the redundant data
on the drives of redundant units into a known state so that data can be
recovered in the event of a disk drive failure. For RAID 1 and 10,
initialization copies the data from the lower port to the higher port. For RAID
5, initialization calculates the RAID 5 parity and writes it to disk. This is
sometimes referred to as background initialization or resynching, and does
not erase user data.
You can partition, format, and use the unit safely while it is initializing. The
unit is fully fault-tolerant while the initialization takes place. That is, if the
unit degrades before the initialization is complete, the data will remain intact.
Although you can use the unit while it is being initialized in the background,
initialization does slow I/O performance until completed. You can adjust how
much initialization will slow performance by setting the rate at which it
postpone initialization until a scheduled time. (See “Scheduling Background
Note: Units will be automatically initialized using background initialization when
they are verified for the first time. (Verification requires that the units have been
previously initialized.) This will not affect the data on the drives, and the units will
perform normally, although performance will be slowed until the initialization and
verification are completed.
Initialization of Different RAID Types
Information about initialization for each of the different RAID types is
described below.
Initialization of RAID 0 Units
RAID 0 units do not need to be initialized and cannot be initialized. RAID 0
units are immediately available for use with full performance when created.
Initialization of RAID 5 Units
RAID 5 units will be automatically initialized the first time they are verified.
Regardless of the size, all RAID 5 units are fully fault tolerant upon creation.
These configurations use a specialized scheme for writing to the unit, which
does not have to be valid to provide fault tolerance.
RAID 5 units with 3 or 4 disks do not need to be initialized to have full
performance upon creation.
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Chapter 6. Maintaining Units
Initialization of RAID 1 and RAID 10 Units
RAID 1 and RAID 10 units do not need to be initialized when they are created
to be fault tolerant and are immediately available for use with full
performance when created.
Initialization of RAID 1, RAID 10 units will take place automatically the first
time the unit is verified.
Initialization of a RAID 1 unit results in data from one disk (the disk on the
lower port number) being copied to the other disk. In RAID 10 units, data
from one half of the unit is copied to the other half.
After the initialization, subsequent verifies to a RAID 1 or 10 unit check for
data consistency by comparing the data from one drive (or set of drives) to the
other drive (or set of drives).
Background Initialization After Power Failure
The 3ware controller detects and handles power failures, using a mechanism
that ensures that redundant units have consistent data and parity. When a
redundant unit is unexpectedly shutdown, there is a possibility some data and
parity may be inconsistent. If a unit or sub-unit of a redundant unit is detected
to have been shutdown uncleanly, the unit or sub-unit will change its mode to
either ‘Initializing’ or ‘Verifying.’
When the initialization is complete, the unit is guaranteed to be redundant
again. The initialization does not erase user data.
About Verification
Verification can provide early warning of a disk drive problem or failure.This
allows you to replace drives before they fail.
You can manually request a verify, or you can enable the Auto Verify policy,
and the controller will automatically start verification once every 24 hours.
During verification, I/O continues normally, but with a slight performance
loss, depending on your verify rate setting. You can adjust how much
verification will slow performance by setting a rate at which it occurs. (See
verification until a scheduled time. (See “Scheduling Background Tasks” on
page 76.)
Note: Not verifying the unit periodically can lead to an unstable array unit and may
cause data loss.
It is strongly recommended that you schedule a verify at least 1 time per week.
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Background Tasks
What Verification Does
For a RAID 1 or RAID 10 unit, a verify compares the data of one mirror with
the other. For RAID 5, a verify calculates RAID 5 parity and compares it to
what is written on the disk drive.
Verification checks each sector on a drive. This is important, because day-to-
day use of the media may leave many sectors on a drive unused or unchecked
for long periods of time. This can result in errors occurring during user
operation. Periodic verification of the media allows the disk drive firmware to
take corrective actions on problem areas on the disk, minimizing the
occurrence of uncorrectable read and write errors.
Verifies can be scheduled to run at preferred times or can be run automatically
during the Verify schedule window, if scheduling and the Auto Verify feature
are enabled.
Verification of Non-Redundant Units
Verification of non-redundant units (single disks, spares, and RAID 0 units)
read each sector of a drive, sequentially. If a sector can’t be read, it is flagged
as unreadable, and the next time the controller writes to that location, the
drive reallocates the data to a different sector.
Verification of Redundant Units
Verification of redundant units also reads each sector, working from lowest
block to highest block. If verification cannot read data in a sector, dynamic
sector repair is used to recover the lost data from the redundant drive or
drives; this recovered data is written to the problem sector. This forces the
drive to reallocate the defective sector with a good spare sector.
If the verify unit process determines that the mirrored drives are not identical
or the parity is not correct, the error is corrected. For RAID 1 and 10, this
involves copying the miscompared data from the lower port(s) to the higher
port(s) of the mirror. For RAID 5 this involves recalculating and rewriting the
RAID 5 parity that was incorrect. AEN 36 (“Verify detected and fixed data/
parity mismatch”) is posted to the Alarms page.
For RAID 1 and 10, initialization involves copying the data from the lower
port(s) to the higher port(s) of the mirror. For RAID 5 this involves
recalculating and rewriting the RAID 5 parity for the entire unit. If the unit is
not redundant, a file-system check is recommended to correct the issue. If the
errors persist and cannot be overwritten from a backup copy, perform a final
incremental backup. You will need to replace the defective drive, recreate the
unit, and reinstall the data.
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Chapter 6. Maintaining Units
How Errors Are Handled
Verification makes use of the same error checking and error repair techniques
used during ordinary use of drives configured through 3ware RAID
controllers.
When verification encounters an error, the controller typically retries the
command. If there are cable CRC errors, there may be multiple retries
including downgrade of the UDMA mode. If the error persists and is
unrepairable (e.g., ECC errors), an error notification is issued to indicate the
If the disk drive is part of a redundant unit that is in a redundant state (not
degraded or rebuilding), then Dynamic Sector Repair automatically rewrites
the redundant data to the error location to force the drive to reallocate the
error location. A notification of repair is posted to the alarms list. The result is
a restoration of drive and data integrity; the primary and redundant data are
again both valid.
If the unit is not redundant, it is recommended that you perform a file-system
check to correct the issue. On Mac OS X, you can do this using the First Aid
tab in the Disk Utility—select the disk on the left and then click Verify Disk.
If verification encounters problems, you can then use the Repair Disk option
on the same screen.If the errors persist and cannot be overwritten from a
backup copy, perform a final incremental backup. You will need to replace the
defective drive, recreate the array, and reinstall the data.
Starting a Verify Manually
Verification of units can be done automatically, on a schedule, or can be
Note: If the unit has not previously been initialized and you manually select Verify
Unit the initialization process starts.
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Background Tasks
To verify a unit through 3DM
1
2
In 3DM, choose Management > Maintenance.
you want to verify and click Verify Unit.
3DM puts the selected unit in verifying mode. If verify scheduling is not
enabled on the Scheduling page, the verification process begins almost
immediately. If verify scheduling is enabled, the unit will not start
actively verifying until the next scheduled time.
A Stop Verify link appears next to the unit on the Maintenance page. If
you need to stop the verify process, use this link. (If initialization starts
because the unit had not previously been initialized, it cannot be halted, so
no Stop Verify link appears.)
Rebuilding Units
Rebuilding is the process of generating data on a new drive after it is put into
service to replace a failed drive in a fault tolerant unit.
If a hot spare is specified and a redundant unit degrades, it will be used to
automatically replace the failed drive in the redundant unit without
intervention on your part. The rebuild process will automatically be launched
as a background process at the next scheduled time. If scheduling is turned
off, the rebuild process will start almost immediately (within a couple of
minutes). If 3DM is running and E-mail notification is enabled, an event
notification will be sent to specified users when the unit degrades and again
when the rebuild process is complete.
If the Auto Rebuild policy is enabled (see “Setting the Auto Rebuild Policy”
on page 31), the firmware will attempt to rebuild a degraded unit with an
available drive or a failed drive.
If desired, you can manually replace the drive, rescan the controller, and start
the rebuild process. Rebuilds on multiple units can take place simultaneously.
If multiple drives are faulted in a RAID 10 configuration, the drives are
rebuilt simultaneously. In a 4-drive RAID 10 configuration, up to two drives
can be rebuilt.
Note: If both drives in a RAID 10 mirrored set are faulted, the data is not
recoverable. Up to half of the drives in a RAID 10 unit can become defective and
still have the user data retained, as long as the failed drives are only half of each
mirrored pair.
When a RAID 5 is running in Degraded mode and you rebuild it, the missing
data is reconstructed from all functioning drives.
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Chapter 6. Maintaining Units
Note: If a rebuild fails, check the Alarms page for the reason. If there was an ECC
error on the source disk, you can force the rebuild to continue by checking the
Overwrite ECC Error policy on the Controller Settings page in 3DM and then
running Rebuild again. This will cause uncorrectable blocks to be rewritten, but the
data may be incorrect. It is recommended that you execute a file system check
when the rebuild completes. On Mac OS X, you can do this using the First Aid tab in
the Disk Utility—select the disk on the left and then click Verify Disk. If verification
encounters problems, you can then use the Repair Disk option on the same
screen.
To rebuild a unit through 3DM
1
If necessary, add a new drive to replace the failed drive. (For details, see
2
3
In 3DM, choose Management > Maintenance.
degraded unit and click the Rebuild Unit button.
4
When a dialog box displays available drives, select the drive you want to
replace the failed drive and click OK.
Figure 28. Selecting a Drive when Rebuilding
5
If the degraded unit has more than one failed drive (for example, a RAID
10 where both mirrored pairs each have a failed drive), repeat step 3 and
step 4.
If rebuild scheduling is not enabled on the Scheduling page, the rebuild
process begins almost immediately in the background. If rebuild
scheduling is enabled, the unit will not start actively rebuilding until the
next scheduled time.
Note: If you need to cancel a rebuild, you can do so by using the Remove Drive
link on the Maintenance page to remove the drive from the unit.
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Background Tasks
Cancelling a Rebuild and Restarting It with a
Different Drive
You can cancel a rebuild by using the Remove Drive link on the
Maintenance page.
Note: If you want to pause the rebuild process through 3DM, you can do so by
setting or changing the rebuild schedule on the Scheduling page. If you set a
schedule for rebuilds that does not include the current time, the rebuild process will
pause.
Setting Background Task Rate
In 3DM, you can set the relative performance of background tasks
(initializing, rebuilding/migrating, and verifying) in relation to normal I/O
activity (reading and writing to disk).
Controllers can have separate settings for Rebuild/Migrate Rate and Verify
Rate. (Initialization occurs at the Rebuild rate.)
To change the background task rate
1
2
Choose Management > Controller Settings from the menu bar.
select one of the five radio buttons to indicate the relative task rate for
Rebuild and Verify Tasks.
The furthest left buttons set the firmware to the fastest rebuild and verify
settings. This means that maximum processing time will be given to
rebuilds or verifies rather than I/O. The furthest right buttons set the
firmware to the slowest rebuild and verify settings, giving maximum
processing time to I/O.
After you select one of the radio buttons, the page refreshes, and a
message at the top confirms the change you have made.
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Background Task Prioritization
Although migration tasks follow the same schedule as rebuild and
initialization tasks, they are always given the highest priority because of the
controller and disk resources required during migration.
Once a unit is put into the migration state, it must be allowed to complete the
process. While migrating, rebuilds or verifies to the unit are not permitted.
Rebuilding preempts verify operations. If a unit requires rebuilding, that
process will take place before the unit is verified.
Controllers can work on multiple units at the same time. This means that if
you have both a redundant unit and a non-redundant unit, the verification of
the redundant unit and the media scan of the non-redundant unit will occur at
the same time.
Scheduling Background Tasks
You can set up scheduling windows for when background tasks occur so that
routine maintenance of storage media occurs when it will be least likely to
interfere with day-to-day work on the system (peak I/O times). By creating
and using schedules, you can specify when active rebuilding, migrating,
verifying, and testing of units should occur. For example, you might these
tasks to occur at 2AM each day, or on weekends.
The initial schedule setting is to “Ignore Schedule.” This allows the controller
firmware to automatically initiate background tasks.
Note: Initialization follows the rebuild/migrate schedule.
Rebuild/migrate, verify, and self-test tasks are scheduled separately, but in a
very similar way. You can perform the following scheduling tasks:
•
•
•
•
•
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Scheduling Background Tasks
Tip: If you want to change a scheduled task, you first remove the scheduled item
and then add it back with the desired day, time, and duration.
Note: Setting up the Scheduling window does not actually request background
tasks. It simply specifies when they can run. For more information about the
You can also set the rate at which background tasks are performed compared
to I/O tasks. For more information, see “Setting Background Task Rate” on
Scheduled Task Duration
If a rebuild completes within a scheduling window, it will not start over at the
next scheduled time block, unless another rebuild is required.
If a rebuild does not complete in the scheduled time block, it will continue
where it left off at the next scheduled time block.
Similarly, if a verify operation does not complete in the scheduled time block,
it will continue where it left off at the next scheduled time block.
Viewing Current Task Schedules
You can see the current schedules for background tasks on the Scheduling
page.
To view the current task schedule
1
2
Choose Management > Schedule from the menu bar.
(Migration and initialization tasks follow the Rebuild Task schedule.)
To view Verify Tasks or Self-test Tasks, select it from the drop-down list
at the top of the page.
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Figure 29. Selecting Task Schedules to View
Turning On or Off Use of a Task Schedule
Turning on the schedule for Rebuild/Migrate and Verify tasks forces rebuilds,
migrates, and verifies to be performed only during the time specified by the
schedule. If the schedule is not turned on, rebuilds, migration, initialization,
and verify can happen whenever they are required or are manually started.
There may be times when you want to disable scheduled rebuild/migrate or
verify tasks, so that you can rebuild, migrate, or verify a unit right away,
without waiting for the next scheduled time. In this case, you can disable the
schedule, as described below.
Note: When you first use 3DM, daily schedules exist with 24 hour duration—that is,
the schedule is for “all the time.” Until you change these 24-hour daily schedule,
enabling the schedule will not have any direct effect.
You can easily disable a current Verify or Rebuild/Migrate schedule without
deleting the schedule itself.
To turn on or off use of the current Verify or Rebuild task
schedule
1
Choose Management > Schedule from the menu bar.
Tasks.
2
To view Verify Tasks, select it from the drop-down list at the top of the
page.
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Scheduling Background Tasks
3
In the Schedule Rebuild Tasks section, select the appropriate setting:
Follow Schedule or Ignore Schedule.
The illustration below shows this setting for the rebuild task schedule.
Note: Self-test schedules cannot be turned off in this way. To disable self-tests you
must either remove all schedule times, or uncheck the tests listed in the Tasks
column. For more information, see “Selecting Self-tests to be Performed” on
Removing a Task Schedule
By default, daily task schedules are defined, each starting at 12:00 am and
running for 24 hours.
A maximum of seven schedules can be defined. When seven schedules are
shown for any of the tasks, you must remove a schedule before you can add
another.
To remove a task schedule
1
2
Choose Management > Schedule from the menu bar.
Tasks.
To view Verify Tasks or Self-test Tasks, select it from the drop-down list
at the top of the page.
3
4
Select the checkbox next to the schedule(s) you want to remove.
Click the Remove Checked button.
The page refreshes, and the selected schedule(s) are removed. You can
now add another schedule.
Adding a New Task Schedule Slot
When you add a rebuild/migrate or verify task schedule, you specify the day
of the week, time, and duration for the task. For self-test schedules, you
specify day and time, but not duration. (Duration is not required for self-tests.)
Depending on the schedule and system workload, background tasks may
require more than one scheduled duration to complete.
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To add a task schedule slot
1
Choose Management > Schedule from the menu bar.
Tasks.
2
3
4
To view Verify Tasks or Self-test Tasks, select it from the drop-down list
at the top of the page.
Scroll to the section of the Scheduling page that shows the task you want
to add.
In the fields at the bottom of the section, select the Day, Time, and
Duration for the task.
5
Click the Add New Slot button.
The page refreshes and the new schedule is added to the list.
Note: The scheduled tasks can be added in any order. For example a new task
scheduled for Tuesday (slot-2) will preempt the task originally scheduled for
Wednesday (slot-1).
Selecting Self-tests to be Performed
Two self-tests can be set: one to check whether UDMA Mode can be
upgraded, and another to check whether SMART thresholds have been
exceeded. (For more information about these self-tests, see the 3DM
Initially, these tests are set to run every 24 hours. You can change the schedule
for when they are run, and you can disable the tests, if you prefer not have to
have them performed.
Note: These tasks will only be run during scheduled times if they are checked in
the Schedule Self-tests section of the Scheduling page. If neither of the tasks is
checked, self-tests will never run, even if you have scheduled time slots set.
To select self-tests to be performed
1
Choose Management > Schedule from the menu bar.
2
Select Self-test Tasks from the drop-down list at the top of the page.
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Locating a Drive by Blinking Its LED
3
Check the boxes next to the self-tests you want to be performed.
To disable self-tests
Unlike scheduling of rebuilds and verifies, scheduling of self-tests is always
enabled.
To disable self-tests you must either remove all schedule times, or uncheck
the tests listed in the Tasks column.
Locating a Drive by Blinking Its LED
You can easily identify the drives in a unit, or an individual drive, by causing
the LEDs associated with the drives to blink.
You can issue the command to blink the LED through 3DM.
(For details about what the different LED patterns on the enclosure mean, see
To blink the LED for a drive
1
Do one of the following:
•
Choose Information > Drive Information from the main menu in
3DM. On the Drive Information page, identify the drive you want to
physically locate.
•
Choose Monitor > Enclosure from the main menu in 3DM. On the
list of enclosures, click the ID number of the enclosure. On the
Enclosure Detail page, identify the drive you want to physically
locate.
2
3
Check the box in the Identify column.
The LED on the enclosure begins blinking.
When you are finished working with the drive and no longer need to see
the LED, return to this page and uncheck the Identify box.
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To blink the LEDs for all drives in a unit
1
2
3
Choose from the main menu in 3DM.
On the list of units, locate the unit you want to identify.
Check the box in the Identify column.
The LEDs associated with each drive in the unit begin blinking on the
enclosure.
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7
Maintaining Your Controller
This section contains instructions for how to perform tasks that help you
maintain your controller, including:
•
•
Determining the Current Version of Your
3ware Driver
You can view controller (firmware) and driver version information on the
Figure 30. Controller Summary Page
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Chapter 7. Maintaining Your Controller
Updating the Driver and Firmware
You can download the latest drivers and firmware from the 3ware website, at
http://www.3ware.com/support.
To download the driver or firmware
1
On the 3ware website (www.3ware.com), navigate to Service and
Support > Software Downloads.
2
3
4
5
6
7
Click Download Released Software.
Select the product and release desired.
Select Driver or Firmware (as appropriate) as the item to download.
Select the Operating System you are using.
Click Next.
When details about the download you requested appear, click the link for
the item you want to download.
8
9
Read and agree to the license agreement that appears.
Click Save to save the file to disk.
10 Uncompress the file to extract the driver or firmware files to a local
directory.
(Make note of the absolute path to the local directory.)
To update the driver and firmware under Mac OS X
1
2
3
Open a Terminal window.
Type sudo tw_updateand press Enter.
When prompted, enter your administrator password.
The usage for the tw_update command displays.
4
Type:
./tw_update fw=[absolute path to the firmware image]
And press Enter.
After the “fw=”, be sure to enter the absolute path to the location of the
firmware image. Do not type the brackets shown in the example above.
5
After the update has completed, restart your computer.
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Chapter 8. 3DM 2 Reference
Controller Summary page
Figure 31. Controller Summary Page
The Summary page appears after you first logon to 3DM, and when you click
the Summary link in the menu bar.
This page provides basic information about each 3ware RAID controller in
your system. To see details about the units in a controller, click the link in the
ID column.
ID. The ID that the operating system assigns to the controller.
Model. The model name of the controller. (The model number is also printed
on a sticker on the outside bracket of the controller.)
Serial #. The serial number of the controller. (The serial number is also
printed on a sticker on the backside of the controller)
Firmware. The firmware version running on the controller.
Driver. The driver version being used to interact with the controller.
Status. The overall status of the controller. Possible statuses include OK,
Warning, Error, and No Units. Warning indicates that a background task is
currently being performed (rebuilding, migrating, or initializing). Error
indicates that a unit is degraded or inoperable. If both Error and Warning
conditions exist, the status will appear as Error. For more information, see
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Controller Details page
Controller Details page
Figure 32. Controller Details Page
The Controller Details page appears when you choose Information >
Controller Details from the menu bar.
This page provides detailed information about the controller specified in the
drop-down list on the menu bar.
You can also open or download an error log from this screen.
Model. The model name of the controller.
Serial #. The serial number of the controller.
Firmware. The firmware version running on the controller.
Driver. The driver version being used to interact with the controller.
BIOS. The BIOS version on the controller.
Boot Loader. Boot Loader version on the controller.
Memory Installed. The amount of memory installed on the controller.
Bus Type. The bus type used on the controller is shown: PCI, PCIX, or PCIE.
Bus Width. The bus width used on the controller: 4 lanes, 8 lanes, or 16 lanes
for PCIE slots.
Bus Speed. The speed of the bus used on the controller is shown.
# of Ports. The number of total ports on the controller, regardless of whether
each currently has a drive connected.
# of Units. The number of units on the controller.
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# of Drives. The number of drives connected to the controller.
Download Error Log: Click on this link to download the firmware error log
to your computer. This feature is important when contacting AMCC for
support with your controller. It will help AMCC identify the problem you
encountered.
Unit Information page
Figure 33. Unit Information Page
The Unit Information page appears when you choose Information > Unit
Information from the menu bar, or when you click an ID number on the
Controller Summary page.
This page shows a list of the units on the current controller and provides
summary information about each unit.
To see details about a particular unit, click the link in the Unit # column.
Unit #. The unit number assigned to the unit by the firmware.
Name. If a name has been given to this unit, it shows here. If it is empty, no
name has been assigned. You can name your unit in the Unit Names section
of the Management > Controller Settings page.
Type. The type of unit, specified during configuration: RAID 0, RAID 1,
RAID 5, RAID 10, Single Disk, or Spare. For details about each of the RAID
Capacity. The logical capacity (size) of the unit. 1KB = 1024 bytes.
Status. The operational status of the unit: OK, Rebuilding, Initializing,
Migrating, Verifying, Degraded, or Inoperable (missing drives). When a unit
is Rebuilding, Initializing, Migrating, or Verifying, the percentage (%)
complete is also shown. For an explanation of the statuses, see “Unit Statuses”
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Unit Details page
Note: If an asterisk (*) appears next to the status of a unit, there is an
error on one of the drives in the unit. This feature provides a diagnostic
capability for potential problem drives. The error may not be a repeated
error, and may be caused by an ECC error, SMART failure, or a device
error. To see if this error condition still exists, rescan the controller;
rescanning will clear the drive error status if the condition no longer
exists.
Identify. Check this box to cause the LED for the drives associated with this
unit to blink in the 3ware Sidecar.
Unit Details page
Figure 34. Unit Details Page
The Unit Details page appears when you click an ID number on the Unit
Information page. Because it is a sub-page of Unit Information, the page title
in the menu bar continues to display “Unit Information” even when you view
details of a unit.
The Unit Details page shows details about a particular unit. The specific
information shown depends on what type of unit it is. For example, details
about a RAID 5 unit made up of three subunits, each of which contains one
drive, will include details about the unit and each subunit, as shown in
Figure 34. However, if the unit is a Single Disk, only information about one
disk will be shown.
Details on this page may include all or some of the following information
described below.
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Chapter 8. 3DM 2 Reference
To see details about a particular drive, click the Port #. You’ll see a list of all
drives, with the drive you selected highlighted.
Status. The operational status of the unit or subunit: OK, Rebuilding,
Migrating, Initializing, Verifying, Degraded, or Inoperable (missing drives).
When a unit is Rebuilding, Initializing, or Verifying, the percentage (%)
complete is also shown. For status definitions, see “Unit Statuses” on page 63.
Capacity. The total capacity of the unit (capacities of subunits are not shown).
Type. The type of unit or subunit. RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 5, RAID 10,
Single Disk, Spare, or Disk
Volumes. Displays the number of volumes in a unit. This is usually 1. If you
have a unit on which you have enabled the auto-carving policy, you will see
the number of volumes into which the unit has been divided. For more
Stripe. The stripe size of the unit, if applicable.
Subunits. If the unit has subunits, details of the subunits are shown.
Note: If an asterisk (*) appears next to the status of a subunit, there is
an error on one of the drives in the subunit. This feature provides a
diagnostic capability for potential problem drives. The error may not be a
repeated error, and may be caused by an ECC error, SMART failure, or
a device error. Rescanning the controller will clear the drive error status
if the condition no longer exists.
Port #. If the Type is Disk, Single Disk, or Spare, the port to which the drive
is connected is shown. For multiple drive units, the port numbers are shown in
the subunits section. The port number is a link to the Drive Information page.
Drive Information page
Figure 35. Drive Information Page
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Drive Information page
The Drive Information page appears when you choose Information > Drive
Information from the menu bar, or when you click a port # on the Unit Details
page. If you arrive at this page from the port # hyperlink on the Unit
Information page, the line showing the port # you clicked on is highlighted.
This page shows a list of drives on the current controller and a summary of
each one.
To see additional detail about a particular drive in the Drive Details window,
including the SMART data, whether NCQ is supported and enabled, and the
SATA Link speed, click the link in the Port # column.
Port #. The port to which the drive is connected.
Model. The model of the drive.
Capacity. The physical capacity of the drive. (Note that the capacity as shown
on 3DM screen is calculated as 1KB = 1024. This amount may differ from the
capacity that is printed on the disk drive, where it typically has been
calculated as 1K = 1000. Consequently, the capacity of the drive may appear
smaller in the 3DM screens. No storage capacity is actually lost; the size has
simply been calculated differently for consistency.)
Serial #. The serial number of the drive.
Firmware. The firmware version of the drive.
Unit. The unit the drive belongs to, if applicable.
Status. The status of the drive: OK, Not Supported, Not Present, and so forth.
If you need help regarding a status displayed here, please contact Technical
Support. For more information, see “Drive Statuses” on page 64.
Note: In most cases, the status of the drive will not correspond to the
status of the unit, shown on the Unit Information page. Different status
information is provided for drives and for units.
Identify. Check this box to cause the LED for this drive to blink in the 3ware
Sidecar.
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Chapter 8. 3DM 2 Reference
Drive Details window
Figure 36. S.M.A.R.T. Data Page
The Drive Details window appears when you click a Port # on the Drive
Information page.
This Drive Details window shows some Extra Drive Information, including
NCQ and SATA Link Speed support, and the SMART data for the drive.
Extra Drive Information
NCQ Supported and NCQ Enabled. Some drives support NCQ (Native
Command Queuing), which can result in increased performance for some
applications, usually server-type applications. In order to make use of Native
Command Queuing, the feature must be enabled at both the drive and the
controller. Not all drives support NCQ.
The NCQ values in this window indicate whether the feature is supported and
enabled at the drive. At the controller level, queuing is enabled or disabled for
all drives in a unit on the Controller Settings page.
SATA Link Supported and SATA Link Enabled. These fields show the
fastest link speed that the disk drive supports and the current speed that the
drive is running.
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Controller Settings page
SMART Data
SMART data is displayed as hex values.
Consult your disk drive manufacturer for information on how to interpret the
SMART data. The SMART data meaning varies by disk drive manufacturer
and model.
Controller Settings page
Figure 37. Controller Settings Page
The Controller Settings page appears when you choose Management >
Controller Settings from the menu bar.
This page lets you view and change settings that affect the units on the
controller specified in the drop-down list on the menu bar.
There are four main sections on this page:
•
•
•
•
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Background Task Rate
The Background Task Rate fields let you change the balance of background
tasks and I/O (reading and writing to disk) performed by the controller.
There are separate settings for Rebuild/Migrate Rate and Verify Rate,
Figure 37. The Rebuild/Migrate Rate also applies to initialization. Although
the same rate is used for rebuilding, migrating, and initializing, migrating has
the highest priority.
The five radio buttons let you set the ratio at which background tasks are
performed in comparison to I/O. For additional information, see “Setting
Unit Policies
3DM lists each unit on the current controller, and shows you whether the
policies are currently enabled or disabled for each unit.
Write Cache. When write cache is enabled, data is stored locally in memory
on the drive before it is written to the disk drive media, allowing the computer
to continue with its next task. This improves performance. However, in the
event of a power failure, the data in the write cache will be lost if you do not
have an uninterruptable power supply (UPS).
For additional information, see “Enabling and Disabling the Unit Write
Auto Verify. When the Auto Verify policy is enabled, a verify task is
performed automatically once every 24 hours. This feature is designed to
make regular verification of units easier.
If a verify scheduling window has been set up and enabled, then Auto Verify
will wait until the scheduled time window to start the automatic verify
process.
When Auto Verify is not enabled, verify tasks are only run if you manually
request one on the 3DM Management page. If a verify scheduling window is
set and enabled, then manual verifies will wait until the scheduled time to
start.
Continue on Source Error During Rebuild. This policy applies only to units
which are redundant. (For units which are not redundant, a check box is not
available.) When this policy is set, ECC errors are ignored when they are
encountered during a rebuild. When this policy is not set, a rebuild will abort
upon encountering an ECC error and the unit will be set back to Degraded.
Since this option could result in the loss of some source data in the event of
source errors, select this option only if you want to ensure that a rebuild will
complete successfully without manual intervention. If the rebuild fails and
Continue on Source Error During Rebuild is not selected, then you have the
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Controller Settings page
option to start a rebuild manually. It is recommended that you execute a file
system check when the rebuild completes. On Mac OS X, you can do this
using the First Aid tab in the Disk Utility—select the disk on the left and then
click Verify Disk. If verification encounters problems, you can then use the
Repair Disk option on the same screen.
Queuing. This policy enables or disables Native Command Queuing (NCQ)
for drives in the unit. By default, queuing is disabled. You can enable it, if
desired.
NCQ only operates when the feature is enabled at both the drive and the
controller. If a drive does not support NCQ, the policy setting for the
controller is ignored.
Enabling NCQ can improve performance in many applications; it causes
command reordering to be done on the drive itself.
StorSave Profile. You can change the StorSave Profile used for a unit. Three
profiles are available: Protection, Balanced, and Performance. These profiles
automatically adjust several different factors that affect protection and
performance, including whether FUA (Forced Unit Access) is honored,
whether Write Journaling is enabled, and whether Disable Cache on Degrade
is enabled. For additional information, see “Setting the StorSave Profile for a
Note: If the write cache setting is disabled for a unit, the StorSave
Profile capability does not apply and is automatically disabled.
Unit Names
Units can be assigned names. A name can be assigned when the unit is created
and can be changed from this screen. For additional information, see “Naming
Other Controller Settings
Other Controller settings displays information about additional settings, some
of which do not apply for the Macintosh.
Auto Rebuild. The Auto Rebuild policy determines how the controller
firmware will attempt to rebuild degraded units.
When Auto Rebuild is disabled, only spares will be used to automatically
rebuild degraded units. When Auto Rebuild is enabled, the firmware will
automatically select drives to use for rebuilding a degraded unit using the
following priority order.
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Chapter 8. 3DM 2 Reference
•
•
•
Smallest usable spare.
Smallest usable unconfigured (available) drive.
Smallest usable failed drive.
For additional information, see “Setting the Auto Rebuild Policy” on page 31.
Auto-Carving. Auto-carving can be enabled or disabled by selecting the
appropriate radio button.
When this feature is enabled, any unit that is over a specified size (known as
the carve size) will be broken down into multiple volumes of that size, plus a
remainder volume. The default carve size is 2048 GB (2 TB). For example,
using the default carve size, if the unit is 2.5 TB then it will contain two
volumes, with the first volume containing 2 TB and the second volume
containing 0.5 TB. If the unit is 5.0 TB then it will contain 3 volumes, with
the first two volumes containing 2 TB each and the last volume containing
1TB.
Carve Size. Sets a size for dividing up units into volumes when Auto-Carving
is enabled. This setting can be between 1024 and 2048 GB.
Number of Drives Per Spin-up. Number of drives that will spin up at the
same time when the controller is powered up. (This setting only applies when
the feature is supported by the disk drives.) This setting can only be changed
in the CLI.
Delay between Spin-ups. The delay time (in seconds) between drive groups
that spin up at one time on this particular controller. This setting can only be
changed in the CLI.
Export JBOD (Unconfigured) Disks. This feature is not relevant for the
Macintosh.
For additional information, see “About Controller Policies” on page 31.
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Scheduling page
Scheduling page
Figure 38. Scheduling Page
The Scheduling page appears when you choose Management > Scheduling
from the menu bar.
The Scheduling page lets you set up a schedule for when background tasks
(rebuild, migrate, initialize, verify, and self-test) should occur. Background
tasks can have impact on the performance of your system, so you may prefer
to schedule them at times when they will be least disruptive, such as in the
middle of the night or on a weekend.
Select a type of task you would like to schedule. You start by selecting the
type of task for which you want to set the schedule from the drop-down list at
the top of the page.
•
•
•
Rebuild/migrate tasks (also applies to initialization)
Verify tasks (also applies to media scans)
Self-tests
3DM then updates the page to show you schedule details for that type of task.
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Follow Schedule/Ignore Schedule. You can enable or disable the schedule
for the Rebuild/Migrate and Verify tasks by selecting either Follow Schedule
or Ignore Schedule. When schedules are set to be ignored, these tasks can be
performed at any time, and are not restricted to the scheduled times.
For details about the different background tasks, see “Background Tasks” on
Task Schedules
Initially, 7 schedule slots are defined, for 24 hours each. Even if Follow
Schedule is enabled, this schedule is equivalent to Ignore Schedule, because
tasks can run at any time, round the clock.
A maximum of 7 slots can be created, so to set a different schedule, start by
deleting one or more of the existing scheduled slots, and then add new slots.
For step-by-step instructions for adding and removing schedules, and setting
schedules to be followed or ignored, see “Scheduling Background Tasks” on
Self-test Schedules
Unlike scheduling of rebuilds and verifies, scheduling of self-tests is always
followed. To disable self-tests you either remove all schedule times, or
uncheck the tests listed in the Tasks column.
Note: Only the checked tasks will be run during the scheduled times. If none of the
tasks are checked, self-tests will never run, even if you have scheduled time slots
set.
Two self-tests can be scheduled:
Upgrade UDMA mode. This test checks the speed at which data transfer to
drives is occurring, to see if the UDMA mode can be increased. (If you are
already running at the fastest UDMA mode, then this self-test has no effect.)
The UDMA mode can become downgraded in the event that cable CRC errors
are encountered, requiring multiple retries to read sectors. In severe cases, the
UDMA mode may be downgraded from ATA 150 to ATA 133, to ATA 100, to
66, to 33.
This check is also done every time the system is booted.
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Check SMART Thresholds. This test checks to see whether SMART
thresholds have been exceeded.
The SMART thresholds indicate when a drive is likely to fail, based on the
number of errors that have been recorded through SMART (Self-Monitoring,
Analysis and Reporting Technology).
If any of the disk drives have detected a “threshold exceeded” condition, then
an AEN is logged to the 3DM Alarms page. Moreover, if anything unusual is
found during any self-test, it will be logged as an Alarm.
Maintenance page
Figure 39. Maintenance Page
The Maintenance page appears when you choose Management >
Maintenance from the menu bar.
The Maintenance page lets you perform maintenance tasks on existing units
on the current controller and lets you create new units by configuring
available drives.
Information about the Maintenance page is organized under these headings:
•
•
•
•
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Rescan Controller
The Rescan Controller button scans the ports on the controller. Rescanning
updates the list of available drives shown and updates the status of all ports. If
error conditions have been fixed, the status is updated to reflect that.
Rescanning is useful in variety of maintenance tasks. For example, if you
physically plug in a drive and want the controller to recognize the newly
plugged in drive, Rescan will find it.
Note: If you unplug a drive without first removing it through 3DM, Rescan will not
recognize it as gone unless the drive was in use or until it is required by the system.
Always use the Remove link to remove a drive before unplugging it.
Rescan checks all ports. It checks empty ports for newly plugged-in drives. If
those drives were previously part of a 3ware RAID configuration and they
still have valid DCB (Disk Configuration Block) information on them, the
controller tries to piece them back together into a working unit. If a working
unit can be formed, it will appear in the Unit Maintenance list when the scan
is complete, and the operating system will be notified of the unit. This process
is known as importing drives.
If new drives do not have any data indicating they were previously part of a
3ware RAID configuration, they will appear in the Available Drives list.
In addition, if there is a unit with the status Inoperable before a rescan (for
example, a RAID 5 unit missing 2 or more drives), and a rescan finds drives
that complete the unit, the inoperable unit will become a valid unit.
Unit Maintenance
The Unit Maintenance section of the page lists all existing units on the current
controller, and displays summary information about them.
The top row shows information about the unit, while subsequent rows show
summary information about each drive in the unit.
Unit Information
Unit Number. The unit number assigned to the unit by the firmware. Unit
numbers for 9000 series are in sequential order. Use the checkbox next to the
unit to select a unit before clicking one of the task buttons.
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# Drives. Number of drives in the unit.
Type of Unit. Type of unit: RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 5, RAID 10, Single Disk,
or Spare. If the unit has been given a unique name, it shows beneath the RAID
type.
Name of Unit. User-assigned unique name of the unit. The default setting is
blank.
Capacity. The usable capacity (size) of the unit.
Status. Operational status of the unit: Ok, Rebuilding, Initializing, Verifying,
Migrating, Degraded, or Inoperable (missing drives). When Rebuilding,
Initializing, Migrating, or Verifying, the percentage (%) complete is also
shown. The percentage complete can be active or paused. To see whether this
task is currently active or paused, click on the unit number to display the Unit
Details page, which has that information. For an explanation of the statuses,
Drive Information
Port. The port to which the drive is connected.
Model. The model of the drive.
Capacity. The capacity (size) of the drive.
Status. The status of the drive: OK, Not Supported, Not Present, and so forth.
If you need help regarding a status displayed here, please contact Technical
Support. For more information, see “Drive Statuses” on page 64.
Remove Drive. The Remove Drive link removes a drive from the controller
so that you can safely unplug it. In the Unit Maintenance section, this link is
only provided for drives that can be safely removed without creating an
inoperable unit. (For example, a RAID 5 missing 2 or more drives or a RAID
0 missing 1 or more drives would become inoperable.) If you remove a drive
from a redundant unit, the unit will become degraded. Once a unit has become
degraded, additional drives cannot be removed without making it inoperable,
so no Remove Drive link will display.
Maintenance Task Buttons
Below the list of units, a row of task buttons lets you perform maintenance
and configuration tasks related to the unit. Before clicking one of these
buttons, select the appropriate unit.
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Verify Unit. Puts the selected unit in verifying mode. If verify scheduling is
enabled on the Scheduling page, the unit will not start actively verifying until
the scheduled time, and the status will indicate “Verify-Paused.” (The Unit
Details page will indicate whether a unit is actively verifying.) If verify
scheduling is not enabled, clicking Verify Unit begins the verification process.
If the unit you selected to verify is a redundant unit, the redundancy of the unit
will be verified. For example it will check parity for a RAID 5 or check data
consistency for a RAID 1. If the unit you checked is not a redundant unit,
verify will do a surface scan of the media. During verification, I/O continues
normally. For RAID 0, single disks, and spares, there is only a slight
performance loss. For redundant units, you can set the background task rate
on the Controller Settings page to specify whether more processing time
should be given to verifying or to I/O. For more information, see “About
While a unit is verifying, the status changes to Verifying and a Stop Verify
link appears in the right-most column of the Unit Maintenance table.
Note: If the unit has not previously been initialized and you click Verify
Unit, the initialization process starts. Initialization cannot be halted, so
no Stop Verify link appears. (Initialization can be paused, however,
through Scheduling. Initialization follows the Rebuild schedule, so
turning on scheduling for Rebuild will pause initialization, as well.) For
more information about initialization, see “About Initialization” on
Rebuild Unit. Replaces a failed drive in a degraded unit with an available
drive and begins rebuilding the RAID. When you select a degraded unit and
click Rebuild Unit, a dialog box listing available drives appears, so that you
can select the drive you want to use. If the degraded unit has more than one
failed drive (for example, a RAID 10 where both mirrored pairs each have a
failed drive), you will repeat this process a second time.
If rebuild scheduling is enabled on the Scheduling page, the unit will not start
actively rebuilding until the scheduled time, and the status will change to say
“Rebuild-Paused.” (The Unit Details page indicates whether a unit is actively
rebuilding.) If rebuild scheduling is not enabled, the rebuild process will
begin right away.
Migrate Unit. Reconfigures a unit while it is on-line. Migration can be used to
change the RAID level, to expand the capacity by adding additional drives, or
to change the stripe size.
Caution: Once migration of a unit is started, it cannot be cancelled.
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When you select a unit and click Migrate Unit, a dialog box appears which
lists the drives in the unit and any additional available drives. In the dialog
box are two drop-down menus, one for choosing the RAID level and one for
choosing stripe size.
You can only migrate a unit to a RAID level that will be larger than the
original unit. For example, you can migrate from a RAID 5 array with 4
drives to a RAID 0 with four drives but you cannot migrate from a RAID 5
with four drives to a RAID 10 with four drives.
After you have specified changes to the unit, the Unit Maintenance screen
reflects your changes and shows the percentage of migration completed.
While the unit is migrating, you can still access the unit as normal but the
performance will be lower. You can adjust the I/O rate with the radio buttons
on the Controller Settings page. (See “Setting Background Task Rate” on
page 75.)
Remove Unit. Removes a selected unit and allows you to unplug the drives
and move the unit to another controller. The data on the unit remain intact.
Caution: Before you click Remove Unit, make sure the unit you are removing is
unmounted and the system is not accessing it. (For example, make sure you are
not copying files to the unit, and make sure that there are no applications with open
files on that unit.) You can unmount the unit by selecting the icon for it on the
desktop and dragging it to the Trash.
If a unit is not unmounted and you remove it, it is the equivalent of physically
yanking a hard drive out from under the operating system. You could lose data, the
system could hang, or the controller could reset.
When you click Remove Unit, you will be asked to confirm that you want to
proceed. When you confirm the removal, the unit number and information
will be removed from 3DM. (Units created in the future can reclaim this unit
number.)
The operating system is notified that the unit was removed.
Information about the unit remains intact on the drives. This allows the drive
or drives to be reassembled into a unit again on this controller, or if moved to
another controller.
Delete Unit. Deletes the selected unit and allows you to use the drives to
create another unit. The drives appear in the list of Available Drives.
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Caution: Before you click Delete Unit, make sure the unit you are removing is
unmounted and the system is not accessing it. (For example, make sure you are
not copying files to the unit, and make sure that there are no applications with open
files on that unit.) You can unmount the unit by selecting the icon for it on the
desktop and dragging it to the trash.
If a unit is not unmounted and you remove it, it is the equivalent of physically
yanking a hard drive out from under the operating system. You could lose data, the
system could hang, or the controller could reset.
Warning: When a unit is deleted, the data will be permanently deleted: the drives
cannot be reassembled into the same unit. If you want to reassemble the drives on
another controller and access the existing data, use Remove Unit instead of
Delete Unit.
After deletion, the operating system is notified that the unit was deleted.
Available Drives (to Create Units)
This section lists the drives on the controller which are not currently
configured as part of a unit. The Port number, model, capacity, and status are
all displayed, as they are for drives in existing units.
Remove Drive. The Remove Drive link removes a drive from the controller
so that you can safely unplug it. Any drive in the Available Drives list can be
removed.
Create Unit
Use the Create Unit button to create a unit for use on the current controller.
Begin by selecting the drives you want to use in the list of Available Drives,
and then click Create Unit. You will be prompted to select the unit Type,
Name, Stripe size (if applicable), and unit policy settings.
A window like the one below shows the drives you selected, and lets you
specify configuration settings.
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Figure 40. Configuration Window in 3DM
Type. The drop-down list lists the possible RAID configurations for the drives
selected in the list of Available Drives. Available configurations may include
RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 5, RAID 10, Single Disk, and Spare Disk. For
information about these configurations, see “Available RAID Configurations”
Name. You can enter a name for the unit.
Stripe. The drop-down list of stripe sizes lists the possible stripe sizes for the
configuration you selected in the RAID level drop-down.
The default stripe size of 64KB will give the best performance with
applications that have many sequential reads and writes. A larger stripe size
will give better performance with applications that have a lot of random reads
and writes. In general, the smaller the stripe size, the better the sequential I/O
and the worse the random I/O. The larger the stripe size, the worse the
sequential I/O and the better the random I/O.
Write Cache, Auto Verify, and Continue on Source Error during Rebuild.
These check boxes let you set the policies for the unit. These policies can also
be set and changed on the Controller Settings page. For details about these
Note: If the configuration window disappears while you are selecting drives, 3DM 2
may have refreshed. Click Create Unit again. If desired, you can reduce the
frequency with which information refreshes in 3DM 2, or disable refresh temporarily,
on the 3DM 2 Settings page.
StorSave. You can specify the StorSave Profile to be used for the unit. Three
profiles are available: Protection, Balanced, and Performance. For more
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Alarms page
Figure 41. Alarms Page
The Alarms page appears when you click Monitor > Alarms on the menu bar.
This page displays a list of AENs (asynchronous event notifications) received
from the controller displayed in the drop-down list in the menu bar.
Up to 1000 events can be listed. After the 1000-limit is reached, the oldest
events are deleted, as new ones occur.
You can sort the events by severity or time. To do so, just click the column
header.
For information about a particular event, click it on the Alarms page; the 3DM
Help will open with information about the event. For a complete listing of the
alarms that appear on the Alarms page, see “Error and Notification Messages”
Clear Alarms. The Clear Alarms button removes all alarms shown in the list.
Sev. Shows the severity of the event. Three levels are provided:
•
•
•
Errors are shown next to a red box
Warnings are shown next to a yellow box
Information is shown next to a blue box
Time. The time shown for alarms generated by 7000- and 8000- series
controllers is the time retrieved from the driver by 3DM. The time shown for
alarms generated by 9000-series controllers is the time received by the driver
from firmware.
Message. The specific text relating to the alarm condition.
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Battery Backup page
Battery Backup page
The Battery Backup feature is not supported for the 9590SE-4ME.
Enclosure Summary page
Figure 42. Enclosure Summary Page
The Enclosure Summary page appears when you choose Enclosure >
Enclosure Summary from the menu bar.
The Enclosure Summary page provides basic information about the 3ware
Sidecar attached to your system.
ID. The ID that the 3ware firmware assigns to the enclosure.
Slots. The number of slots in the enclosure.
Drives. The number of drives in the enclosure.
Fans. The number of fans in the enclosure.
Temp Sensor. The number of the temperature sensor in the enclosure.
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Enclosure Details page
Figure 43. Enclosure Details Page
The Enclosure Details page appears when you click the ID of the enclosure on
the Enclosure Summary page.
Enclosure ID. The ID of the controller to which the enclosure is attached.
Fan Summary. Shows the ID of the enclosure and the status of the fan—
either OK or Unknown.
Temp Sensor Summary. Shows the ID of the enclosure and the temperature
in the enclosure.The maximum temperature for successful use of a drive
should be noted in the documentation for the drive.
Slot Summary. Lists the enclosure slots and indicates which ones contain
drives, and the status of each drive. The Identify checkbox can be used to
blink the LED associated with that slot.
Identify. Check the box for a slot to cause the LED for it to blink in the 3ware
Sidecar.
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3DM 2 Settings page
3DM 2 Settings page
Figure 44. 3DM 2 Settings Page
The 3DM 2 Settings page appears when you click 3DM 2 Settings on the
menu bar. Use this page to set preferences, including email notification for
alarms, passwords, page refresh frequency, whether remote access is
permitted, and the incoming port for 3DM to listen for requests.
The initial settings for most of these preferences are specified during
installation of 3DM.
Information about the 3DM 2 Settings page is organized under these
headings:
•
•
•
•
•
E-mail Notification
Use the fields in this section to set up and manage notifications of events by e-
mail.
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Send E-mail. This field determines whether e-mail notification is Enabled or
Disabled. It is a good idea to enable this feature, so that you receive email
when your units or drives have problems.
Notify On. Specifies the type of events for which notifications should be sent.
A severity of Information will send e-mails for all alarms, a severity of
Warning will send e-mail for alarms with severity of Warning and Error. A
severity of Error will send e-mail for alarms with severity of Error.
Sender. Enter the email address which will appear in the “From” field.
Recipient. The e-mail address to which notifications should be sent. You can
enter multiple addresses, separated by commas (,).
Mail Server (name or IP). If the machine on which you are running 3DM has
access to a name server, you may enter the machine name of the mail server in
the Server field. Otherwise, use the IP address.
Save E-mail Settings button. Saves the e-mail notification settings.
Send Test Message button. Sends a test message using the saved e-mail
settings.
Password
Use the fields in this section to set the passwords for the User and
Administrator. When 3DM is first installed, the default password for both is
3ware.
Change Password For. Select the access level for which you are setting the
password: User or Administrator. Users can only view status information in
3DM, while Administrators can make changes and administer the controller
and associated drives.
Current Password. Enter the current password.
New Password. Enter the new password.
Confirm New Password. Enter the new password a second time, to be sure
you have entered it correctly.
Change Password button. Saves password changes.
Page Refresh
Minutes Between Refresh. Displays how frequently pages in 3DM will be
refreshed with new data from the controller. To change this setting, select
another option from the drop-down. If you prefer 3DM to only refresh when
you click Refresh Page, select Never.
The Login, Help and Drive SMART data pages do not automatically refresh.
All other 3DM pages do.
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Remote Access
Allow Remote Access. This field enables or disables the ability for users and
administrators to access 3DM from a remote computer.
HTTP Settings
Listening Port. This field specifies the HTTP: port to be used by 3DM when
listening for communications. The default port setting is 888.
If you change this port, make sure the port you specify is not being used.
Failure to do so will cause 3DM to stop responding and you will have to
restart it by hand.
Change Port button. Saves a new port number.
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9
Troubleshooting
This troubleshooting section includes the following sections:
•
•
•
•
Web Resources
For support, troubleshooting tips, frequently asked questions, software
releases, and compatibility information related to 3ware RAID controllers,
refer to:
•
•
•
•
•
3ware support page at:
3ware knowledgebase:
3ware software downloads:
3ware documentation:
3ware Compatibility Lists:
If you have a degraded unit or problem drive, see “Maintaining Units” on
Before Contacting Customer Support
Three screens in 3DM 2 provide controller version and status information that
can be helpful when contacting 3ware Customer Support with questions or for
troubleshooting: Controller Summary, Unit Details, and Unit Information.
You can copy and paste the information from these screens into an email
using the system clipboard. When each page is displayed on the screen,
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highlight it using your mouse, copy it to the clipboard, and then paste it into
an e-mail.
You may also want to take a snapshot of these pages so that you can respond
to questions about your system configuration to the Customer Support
representative.
Enclosure-Related Problems
An LED is blinking red on the 3ware Sidecar.
A blinking red LED on the 3ware Sidecar indicates that there is a “predicted
fault” on the drive in that slot.
This can result from a number of different factors, include a SMART error,
read error, or cable error. The drive has not failed yet, but has the potential to.
For additional information about the LED indicators on the 3ware Sidecar, see
Error and Notification Messages
Error and notification messages are issued by the 3ware RAID controller
when an error is detected or when an action is completed. These messages are
sometimes referred to as AENs (asynchronous event notifications).
AEN messages are displayed on the 3DM 2 Alarms page.
On the 3DM 2 Alarms page, you can click on the message to jump to help text
about that message. You can also look the message up in the list below. In
3DM 2, the message number is the last few digits within the parentheses at the
beginning of the message description. For example, in the string
(0x04:0x002B), “002B” is the message number. To find additional
information about the message 2B, you would look up 002B in the list below.
Note that the messages are listed below in hex order, since the message
numbers are in hex.
each are provided after the table.
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Error and Notification Messages
Table 9: Error and Notification Message List
Value Message
003A Drive power on reset detected
0042 Primary DCB read error occurred
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Table 9: Error and Notification Message List
Value Message
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Error and Notification Message Details
0001 Controller reset occurred
The 3ware RAID controller has detected a soft reset from the device driver. If
the 3ware RAID controller fails to respond to the device driver within a
reasonable amount of time, the device driver may issue a soft reset to the
3ware RAID controller and retry the command packet. For more information,
see http://www.3ware.com/KB/article.aspx?id=14923.
0002 Degraded unit
An error has been encountered and the unit is operating in degraded (non-
redundant) mode. You should replace the bad drive as soon as possible and
initiate a rebuild.
Removing a drive from a redundant unit will cause this message to display
immediately.
0003 Controller error occurred
The 3ware RAID controller has encountered an internal error. Please contact
AMCC Customer Support as a replacement board may be required.
0004 Rebuild failed
The 3ware RAID controller was unable to complete a rebuild operation. This
error can be caused by drive errors on either the source or the destination of
the rebuild. However, due to ATA drives’ ability to reallocate sectors on write
errors, the rebuild failure is most likely caused by the source drive of the
rebuild detecting some sort of read error. The default operation of the 3ware
RAID controller is to abort a rebuild if an error is encountered. If it is desired
to continue on error, you can set the Continue on Source Error During Rebuild
policy for the unit on the Controller Settings page in 3DM.
For more information, see “Setting Continue on Source Error During
0005 Rebuild completed
The 3ware RAID controller has successfully completed a rebuild. The
completion of the rebuild changes the state of the unit from rebuilding to OK.
The data is now redundant.
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0006 Incomplete unit detected
At power-on initialization time, or during a rescan, the 3ware RAID controller
performs a “rollcall” of all drives attached to the card. After detection of the
drives, the 3ware RAID controller then uses an internal algorithm to logically
connect drives that belong to the same unit. If after rollcall a member of a unit
is not found, the INCOMPLETE UNIT message is sent. Examples of
incomplete units are as follows:
•
•
3-drive or larger RAID 5 unit with two or more drives missing.
4-drive RAID 10 unit with three drives missing.
Replacing the missing or dead drive and initiating a rebuild will change the
state of the unit from an incomplete unit to OK. No rebuild is required if you
replace the missing drive before loading the driver.
0007 Initialize completed
The 3ware RAID controller has completed the “synching” background
initialization sequence of RAID levels 1, 10, or 5. For RAID 5, the data on the
unit is read and the resultant parity is written to the parity area on the unit. For
RAID 1 and 10, one half of the mirror is copied to the other half (mirrors are
synchronized).
For information on the differences between foreground and background
0008 Unclean shutdown detected
The 3ware RAID controller has the ability to detect if the system has been
shutdown via the standard shutdown mechanism of the operating system
(clean shutdown). If the system loses power or is reset without going through
the normal shutdown procedure, it is possible that the data on a redundant unit
may be out of synchronization. The unclean shutdown detection will detect
this case and force the unit to enter the verify state.
To prevent unclean shutdowns, always go through the normal shutdown
procedure. It is also recommended to use an uninterruptible power supply
(UPS) to prevent unclean shutdowns due to sudden power loss.
0009 Drive timeout detected
The 3ware RAID controller has a sophisticated recovery mechanism to handle
various types of failures of a disk drive. One such possible failure of a disk
drive is a failure of a command that is pending from the 3ware RAID
controller to complete within a reasonable amount of time. If the 3ware RAID
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controller detects this condition, it notifies you, prior to entering the recovery
phase, by displaying this message.
Possible causes of drive timeouts (also known as APORT time-outs) include a
bad or intermittent disk drive, power cable or interface cable.
For links to drive manufacturer diagnostic utilities and troubleshooting
advice, see http://www.3ware.com/KB/article.aspx?id=14924.
000A Drive error detected
As part of the recovery mechanism of the 3ware RAID controller, various
drive failures can be detected and, if possible, corrected. One such drive
failure is when the drive indicates back to the 3ware RAID controller that it
was unable to complete a command. If the drive returns an error to the 3ware
RAID controller, you are notified by this message.
For links to drive manufacturer diagnostic utilities and troubleshooting
advice, see http://www.3ware.com/KB/article.aspx?id=14925.
000B Rebuild started
The 3ware RAID controller notifies you whenever it starts a rebuild. The
rebuild start may have been initiated by you (by selecting the Rebuild button
in the 3DM Maintenance page), may be auto-initiated by a hot spare failover,
or may be started after drive removal or insertion (due to the Auto Rebuild
policy). In any of these cases, you are notified of the event by this message.
For information on scheduling rebuilds, see “Scheduling Background Tasks”
page 73. For information about how background tasks are prioritized, see
000C Initialize started
The 3ware RAID controller notifies you by this message whenever it starts an
initialization. This is always a “synching” background initialization and does
not erase user data. Initialization either occurs at unit creation time or later
during the initial verification of redundant units.
For more information, see “About Initialization” on page 69
000D Unit deleted
The unit was deleted.
The controller firmware will warn you and request confirmation before
deleting units that are mounted and known to the operating system. You
should unmount any units that you plan to delete. Note that deleting a unit
will erase all data on that unit.
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000E Initialize failed
The 3ware RAID controller was unable to complete the initialization. This
error can be caused by unrecoverable drive errors.
If this unit was a redundant unit, and the 'initialize failed' happened because of
a problem on a particular disk drive, then the unit will be degraded on that
disk drive's port.
000F SMART threshold exceeded
The 3ware RAID controller supports SMART Monitoring, whereby the
individual drives automatically monitor certain parametric information such
as error rates and retry counts. By monitoring this data, SMART may be able
to predict a drive failure before it happens, allowing you to schedule service
of the unit before it becomes degraded. The SMART status of each drive
attached to the 3ware RAID controller is monitored daily. If a failure of any
drive is determined to be likely, you are notified by this message.
3ware recommends that you replace any drive that has the SMART threshold
exceeded.
If the drive is part of a redundant unit, then you can 'Remove' the drive with
3DM2 to degrade the unit. Replace the drive and start a rebuild. For
If the drive is not part of a redundant unit, then you will need to backup your
data before replacing the drive.
0019 Drive removed
This message is posted whenever a drive is removed from the controller while
the controller is powered on.
If you use 3DM2 to ‘Remove’ a drive from a redundant unit, you can then
replace that drive and start a rebuild without needing to backup your data.
If the drive is not part of a redundant unit, then before removing it, you will
need to backup your data.
For information on rebuilding degraded units, see “Rebuilding Units” on
001A Drive inserted
This message is posted whenever a drive is connected to the controller while
the controller is powered on.
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001E Unit inoperable
Drive removal caused a unit to become inoperable. This message is sent after
offline unit timer expires (20 seconds); if the unit becomes operational before
the timer expires (20 seconds) there will be no message since there were no
IO errors.
001F Unit Operational
Drive insertion caused a unit that was inoperable to become operational again.
Any data that was on that unit will still be there.This message is sent only
after the offline timer expires (20 seconds).
0021 Downgrade UDMA mode
The 3ware RAID controller communicates to the ATA disk drives through the
Ultra DMA (UDMA) protocol. This protocol ensures data integrity across the
ATA cable by appending a Cyclical Redundancy Check (CRC) for all ATA
data that is transferred. If the data becomes corrupted between the drive and
the 3ware RAID controller (e.g., an intermittent cable connection) the 3ware
RAID controller detects this as a UDMA CRC or cable error. The 3ware
RAID controller then retries the failed command three times at the current
UDMA transfer rate. If the error persists, it lowers the UDMA transfer rate
(e.g., from UDMA 100 to UDMA 66) and retries another three times. This
message is sent to you when the 3ware RAID controller lowers the UDMA
transfer rate.
Possible causes of UDMA CRC errors are bad interface cables or cable
routing problems through electrically noisy environments (e.g., cables are too
close to the power supply).
0022 Upgrade UDMA mode
During the self-test, if a drive is found to not be in the optimal UDMA mode,
the controller will upgrade its UDMA mode to be optimal.
0023 Sector repair completed
The 3ware RAID controller supports a feature called dynamic sector repair to
allow the unit to recover from certain drive errors that would normally result
in a degraded unit situation. For redundant units such as RAID 1, 10, and 5,
the 3ware RAID controller essentially has two copies of your data available.
If a read command to a sector on a disk drive results in an error, it reverts to
the redundant copy in order to satisfy the host’s request. At this point, the
3ware RAID controller has a good copy of the requested data in its cache
memory. It will then use this data to force the failing drive to reallocate the
bad sector, which essentially repairs the sector. When a sector repair occurs,
you are notified by this message.
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The fact that a sector repair message has been sent to you is an indication of
the presence of grown defects on a particular drive. While typical modern disk
drives are designed to allow several hundred grown defects, special attention
should be paid to any drive in a unit that begins to indicate sector repair
messages. This may be an indication of a drive that is beginning to fail. You
may wish to replace the drive, especially if the number of sector repair errors
exceeds 3 per month.
0024 Sbuf memory test failed
The 3ware RAID controller, as part of its data integrity features, performs
diagnostics on its internal RAM devices. Once a day, a non-destructive test is
performed on the cache memory. Failure of the test indicates a failure of a
hardware component on the 3ware RAID controller. This message is sent to
notify you of the problem. If the controller is still under warranty, contact
3ware Technical Support for a replacement controller.
0025 Cache flush failed; some data lost
To improve performance, the 3ware RAID controller features caching layer
firmware. For write commands this means that it acknowledges it has
completed a write operation before the data is committed to disk. If the 3ware
RAID controller can not commit the data to the media after it has
acknowledged to the host, this message is posted.
Typically, the Cache Flush Failed notification would be an indication of a
catastrophic failure of the drives in the unit, such as loss of power to multiple
drives in a unit.
To troubleshoot the reasons for the failure, collect the logs for your system
and contact 3ware technical support at http://www.3ware.com/support/
index.asp. For information on what error logs are and how to collect them, see
http://www.3ware.com/KB/article.aspx?id=12278.
0026 Drive ECC error reported
This message may be sent when a drive returns the ECC error response to n
3ware RAID controller command. The message may or may not be associated
with a host command. Internal operations such as Verify post this message
whenever drive ECC errors are detected.
Drive ECC errors are an indication of a problem with grown defects on a
particular drive. For redundant units, this typically means that dynamic sector
repair would be invoked (see message “0023 Sector repair completed” on
page 121). For non-redundant units (RAID 0 and degraded units), drive ECC
errors result in the 3ware RAID controller returning failed status to the
associated host command.
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0027 DCB checksum error detected
The 3ware RAID controller stores certain configuration parameters on a
reserved area of each disk drive called the Drive Configuration Block (DCB).
As part of power-on initialization, the 3ware RAID controller performs a
checksum of the DCB area to ensure consistency. If this error occurs, please
contact 3ware technical support. The drive’s DCB has been corrupted.
0028 DCB version unsupported
During the evolution of the 3ware product line, the format of the DCB has
been changed to accommodate new features. The DCB format expected by
the 3ware RAID controller and the DCB that is written on the drive must be
compatible. If a unit that was created on a very old 3ware product is
connected to a newer 3ware RAID controller, this message is posted and the
3ware RAID controller rejects the drive. Please contact 3ware technical
support if this event occurs.
0029 Verify started
The 3ware RAID controller allows you to verify data integrity on a unit.The
verification functions for different RAID levels are as follows:
•
•
•
•
•
Single and Spare. Verify = Media Scan
RAID 0. Verify = Media Scan
RAID 1. Verify = Compare of Mirror Sides
RAID 10. Verify = Compare of Mirror Sides
RAID 5. Verify = Compare of Parity Data with User Data
For information on scheduling verifications, see “Scheduling Background
002A Verify failed
This message indicates that the data integrity verification function (see
message 0029) has terminated with an error. For each RAID level being
verified, this may mean:
•
Single and Spare. A single drive returned an error, possibly because of a
media defect.
•
RAID 0. A single drive returned an error, possibly because of a media
defect.
•
•
•
RAID 1. One side of the mirror does not equal the other side.
RAID 10. One side of the mirror does not equal the other side.
RAID 5. The parity data does not equal the user data.
For any RAID type, the most likely cause of the error is a grown defect in the
drive. For out-of-synchronization mirrors or parity, the error could be caused
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by improper shutdown of the unit. This possibility applies to RAID 1, 10, and
5. A rebuild will re-synchronize the unit
When this message is generated, redundant units will be automatically
initialized. The initialize will not erase user data, but will recalculate and
rewrite user parity data. For more information on the Initialize function, see
002B Verify completed
This message indicates the data integrity verification function (see message
002C Source drive ECC error overwritten
If a read error is encountered during a rebuild and the controller is configured
to ‘ignore ECC’ or to ‘Force continue on source errors’, the sector in error is
reallocated. You are notified of the event by this message.
002D Source drive error occurred
If an error is encountered during a rebuild operation, this message is generated
if the error was on a source drive of the rebuild. Knowing if the error occurred
on the source or the destination of the rebuild is useful for troubleshooting.
002E Replacement drive capacity too small
The 3ware RAID controller notifies you by this message when the
replacement drive capacity is smaller than required. The replacement drive
must be equal to or greater capacity than the drive it is replacing.
002F Verify not started; unit never initialized
This message will be sent by the controller when a verify operation is
attempted but the unit has never been initialized before. The unit will
transition to initializing mode.
The initialize will not erase user data, but will calculate and write parity data
to the drives in the unit. For information on the Initialize function, see “About
0030 Drive not supported
3ware 8000 and 9000 series Serial ATA controllers only support UltraDMA-
100/133 drives when using the parallel to serial ATA converter. This message
indicates that an unsupported drive was detected during rollcall or a hot add.
This message also could indicate that the Serial to Parallel converter was
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jumpered in the wrong place. The converter must be correctly jumpered to
correspond to UDMA 100 or 133 drives.
For a list of compatible drives, see
http://www.3ware.com/products/compatibility_sata.asp.
0032 Spare capacity too small for some units
This message is sent by the controller when it finds a valid hot spare but the
capacity is not sufficient to use it for a drive replacement for existing units.
0033 Migration started
This message is sent when migration of a unit is started. For more information
0034 Migration failed
This message is sent when migration of a unit fails. Review the list of events
on the Alarms page for other entries that may give you an idea of why the
migration failed (for example, a drive error on a specific port).
0035 Migration completed
This message is sent when migration of a unit is complete. The new unit type
and/or stripe size is now ready to be used. If the capacity of the unit did not
change, then you do not need to do anything else. If the capacity of the
migrated unit is larger, you will need to inform the operating system of the
0036 Verify fixed data/parity mismatch
This message is sent by the controller when a verify error is found (parity
inconsistency for RAID 5 or data mismatch for RAID 1/10 configuration) and
recovered. If the error is not recovered the message Verify Failed is returned
instead.
0037 SO-DIMM not compatible
This message applies to the 3ware 9500S controller which has removable
memory. This message will be sent if there is incompatible SODIMM
memory connected to the controller. In this case, the controller is inoperable
and cannot be used until a compatible SO-DIMM is put on the controller. For
a list of SODIMMs compatible with the 9500S, see
http://www.3ware.com/KB/article.aspx?id=11748.
Other 3ware controller models do not have memory that can be removed.
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0038 SO-DIMM not detected
This message applies to the 3ware 9500S controller which has removable
memory. This message will be sent if there is no SODIMM memory
connected to the controller. In this case, the controller is inoperable and
cannot be used until a compatible SO-DIMM is put on the controller. For a list
of SODIMMs compatible with the 9500S, see
http://www.3ware.com/KB/article.aspx?id=11748.
Other 3ware controller models do not have memory that can be removed.
0039 Buffer ECC error corrected
This message will be sent when the controller has detected and corrected a
memory ECC error.
003A Drive power on reset detected
If the controller detects that a drive has lost power and then restarted, it will
send this message. The controller may degrade the unit (if possible).
For troubleshooting information and a link to drive manufacturer diagnostic
utilities, see http://www.3ware.com/KB/article.aspx?id=14927.
003B Rebuild paused
This message will be sent when the rebuild operation is paused.
Rebuilds are normally paused for ten minutes after a system first boots up and
during non-scheduled times when scheduling is enabled.
For more information on scheduling rebuilds, see “Scheduling Background
003C Initialize paused
This message will be sent when the initialization is paused.
Initializations are normally paused for ten minutes after a system first boots
up and during non-scheduled times when scheduling is enabled. Initializations
follow the rebuild schedule.
For information on the current task schedules, see “Viewing Current Task
For information on initialization, see “About Initialization” on page 69
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003D Verify paused
This message will be sent when the verify operation is paused.
Verifies are normally paused for ten minutes after a system first boots up and
during non-scheduled times when scheduling is enabled.
003E Migration paused
This message is sent when migration is paused. Migration follows the rebuild
schedule. For more information, see “Scheduling Background Tasks” on
003F Flash file system error detected
The 3ware RAID controller stores some configuration parameters as files in
its flash memory. This message will be sent when a corrupted flash file system
is found on the controller during boot-up. A further attempt will be made to
repair the flash file system. These files usually get corrupted when a flash
operation is interrupted by events such as power failures.
0040 Flash file system repaired
This message will be sent if a corrupted flash file system is successfully
repaired. Some of the flash files with insufficient data may be lost in the
operation. The configuration parameters which are lost will then return to
their default values.
0041 Unit number assignments lost
The 3ware RAID controller tries to keep the unit numbers persistent across
soft resets. This message will be sent if unit number assignments were lost
from some unknown reasons. (This event rarely happens. Please contact
AMCC 3ware technical support if this event occurs.)
0042 Primary DCB read error occurred
This message will be sent when the controller finds an error while reading the
primary copy of the Disk Configuration Block (DCB). The back-up copy of
the DCB will be read if this error occurs. If a valid DCB is found, the primary
DCB is re-written to rectify the errors found.
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0043 Backup DCB read error detected
This message will be sent when the controller sees a latent error in the backup
Disk Configuration Block (DCB). A scrubbing activity will be started to
repair any sector errors on getting this error. An effort is made to read the
backup DCB even when the primary DCB is successfully read. When an error
occurs here, this is a latent error that needs to be addressed before any future
errors so this DCB is re-written with the primary copy to rectify the errors
found.
0044 Battery voltage is normal
The Battery Backup Unit measures and evaluates the battery pack voltage on
a continuous basis. If the voltage falls outside the acceptable range then
comes back within the acceptable range, this message will be posted to the
host.
0045 Battery voltage is low
The Battery Backup Unit measures and evaluates the battery pack voltage on
a continuous basis. If the voltage is below the warning threshold, this message
will be posted. When this event happens, the Battery Backup Unit is still able
to backup the 3ware RAID controller, but you should replace the battery.
0046 Battery voltage is high
The Battery Backup Unit measures and evaluates the battery pack voltage on
a continuous basis. If the voltage is above a warning threshold, this message
will be posted. When this event happens, the Battery backup Unit is still able
to backup the 3ware RAID controller but you should replace the battery.
0047 Battery voltage is too low
The Battery Backup Unit measures and evaluates the battery pack voltage on
a continuous basis. If the voltage is too low to operate, this message will be
posted. This indicates that the battery pack must be replaced. The Battery
Backup Unit becomes not ready and is unable to backup the 3ware RAID
controller.
0048 Battery voltage is too high
The Battery Backup Unit measures and evaluates the battery pack voltage on
a continuous basis. If the voltage is too high to operate, this message will be
posted. The Battery Backup Unit becomes not ready and is unable to backup
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the 3ware RAID controller. This indicates that the Battery Backup Unit must
be replaced.
0049 Battery temperature is normal
The Battery Backup Unit measures and evaluates the battery pack
temperature on a continuous basis. If the temperature falls outside the
acceptable range then comes back within the acceptable range, this message
will be posted to the host.
004A Battery temperature is low
The Battery Backup Unit measures and evaluates the battery pack
temperature on a continuous basis. If the temperature is below a warning
threshold, this message will be posted. When this event happens, the Battery
Backup Unit is still able to backup the 3ware RAID controller but you should
replace the battery pack.
004B Battery temperature is high
The Battery Backup Unit measures and evaluates the battery pack
temperature on a continuous basis. If the temperature is above a warning
threshold, this message will be posted. You should check that there is enough
airflow around the Battery Backup Unit. When this event happens, the Battery
Backup Unit is still able to backup the 3ware RAID controller but you should
replace the battery pack if the temperature warning persists.
004C Battery temperature is too low
The Battery Backup Unit measures and evaluates the battery pack
temperature on a continuous basis. If the temperature is too low to operate,
this message will be posted. When this event happens, the Battery Backup
Unit becomes not ready and is unable to backup the 3ware RAID controller.
You must replace the battery pack.
004D Battery temperature is too high
The Battery Backup Unit measures and evaluates the battery pack
temperature on a continuous basis. If the temperature is too high to operate,
this message will be posted. You should check that there is enough airflow
around the Battery Backup Unit. When this event happens, the Battery
Backup Unit becomes not ready and is unable to backup the 3ware RAID
controller. You must replace the battery pack if the temperature error persists.
The use of a PCI card in the slot adjacent to the BBU is not recommended and
may result in the battery temperature being exceeded.
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004E Battery capacity test started
This message is posted when the Battery Backup Unit starts a battery test. The
test estimates the battery capacity in hours, which is how long the Battery
Backup Unit can back up the 3ware RAID controller. This test performs a full
battery charge/discharge/re-charge cycle and may take up to 20 hours to
complete. During this test the Battery Backup Unit cannot backup the 3ware
RAID controller; all units have their write cache disabled until the test
completes.
004F Cache synchronization skipped
The 3ware RAID controller performs cache synchronization when system
power is restored following a power failure. This message is posted when the
cache synchronization was skipped and write data is still being backed up in
the controller cache. This can occur if a unit that was present before the power
failure was physically removed or became inoperable before system power
was restored.
0050 Battery capacity test completed
This message is posted when the Battery Backup Unit completes a battery
capacity test. All units will have their write cache settings restored to their
original values since the Battery Backup Unit is now able to backup the 3ware
RAID controller.
0051 Battery health check started
The Battery Backup Unit periodically evaluates the health of the battery and
its ability to backup the 3ware RAID controller in case of a power failure.
This message is posted to the host when this health check is started.
0052 Battery health check completed
The Battery Backup Unit evaluates periodically the health of the battery and
its ability to backup the 3ware RAID controller in case of a power failure.
This message is posted to the host when this health check has completed.
0053 Battery capacity test is overdue
The recommended time interval for running the battery capacity test is once
every 4 weeks. If a battery capacity test has not been completed in the last 4
weeks this message will be sent to the host, and will be sent again once every
week thereafter.
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0055 Battery charging started
This message is posted when the Battery Backup Unit starts a battery charge
cycle.
0056 Battery charging completed
This message is posted when the Battery Backup Unit completes a battery
charge cycle.
0057 Battery charging fault
This message is posted when the charger of the Battery Backup Unit has
detected a battery fault during a charge cycle. The Battery Backup Unit
becomes not ready and is unable to backup the 3ware RAID controller.
0058 Battery capacity is below warning level
The measured capacity of the battery is below the warning level. When this
occurs the Battery Backup Unit is still able to backup the 3ware RAID
controller but it signals that the battery pack should be replaced soon.
0059 Battery capacity is below error level
The measured capacity of the battery is below the error level. When this
occurs the Battery Backup Unit becomes not ready and is unable to backup
the 3ware RAID controller. You must replace the battery pack.
005A Battery is present
This message is posted to the host when the Battery Backup Unit detects that
a battery pack has been connected.
005B Battery is not present
This message is posted to the host when the Battery Backup Unit detects that
the battery pack has been removed.
005C Battery is weak
The Battery Backup Unit periodically evaluates the health of the battery and
its ability to backup the 3ware RAID controller in case of a power failure.
This message is posted when the result of the health test is below the warning
threshold. This indicates that the battery pack should be replaced soon
because the battery is becoming weak.
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005D Battery health check failed
The Battery Backup Unit periodically evaluates the health of the battery and
its ability to backup the 3ware RAID controller in case of a power failure.
This message is posted when the result of the health test is below the fault
threshold. This indicates that the battery pack must be replaced. The Battery
Backup Unit becomes not ready and is unable to backup the 3ware RAID
controller.
005E Cache synchronization completed
If drive insertion causes unit to become operational this will be sent if retained
write cache data was flushed.
The 3ware RAID controller performs cache synchronization when system
power is restored following a power failure. This message is posted for each
unit when the cache synchronization completed successfully.
005F Cache synchronization failed; some data lost
The 3ware RAID controller performs cache synchronization when system
power is restored following a power failure. This message is posted when
cache synchronization was not successful for some reason.
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A
Glossary
•
3DM 2. 3ware Disk Manager. The 3ware disk manager is a web-based
graphical user interface that can be used to view, maintain, and manage
3ware controllers, disks, and units. It is available for download from
http://www.3ware.com/support/download.asp.
•
3ware. Named after the 3 computer wares: hardware, software and
firmware. A leading brand of high-performance, high-capacity Serial
ATA (SATA) RAID storage solutions.
•
•
A-Chip. AccerATA chip. Automated data port to handle asynchronous
ATA disk drive interface.
AMCC. Applied Micro Circuits Corporation provides the essential
building blocks for the processing, moving and storing of information
worldwide.
•
•
Array. One or more disk drives that appear to the operating system as a
single unit. Within 3ware software, arrays are typically referred to as
units.
Background rebuild rate. The rate at which a particular controller
initializes, rebuilds, and verifies redundant units (RAID 1, RAID 5, RAID
10).
•
•
Carve size. The size over which a unit will be divided into volumes, if
auto-carving is enabled.
CLI. Command Line Interface. The 3ware CLI is a text program, rather
than a GUI (graphical user interface). It has the same functionality as
3DM, and can be used to view, maintain, and manage 3ware controllers,
disks, and units.
•
•
Configuration. The RAID level set for a unit.
Controller. The physical card from 3ware that you insert into a computer
system and connect to your 3ware Sidecar. The controller contains
firmware that provides RAID functionality. 3ware makes a number of
different models of SATA RAID controllers.For the Power Mac G5, the
controller model is 9590SE-ME.
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Appendix A. Glossary
•
•
Controller ID number. Unique number assigned to every 3ware
controller in a system, starting with zero.
Create an array. The process of selecting individual disk drives and
selecting a RAID level. The array will appear to the operating system as a
single unit. Overwrites any existing unit configuration data on the drives.
Note that in 3ware software tools, arrays are referred to as units.
•
•
DCB. Disk configuration block. This is 3ware proprietary RAID table
information that is written to disk drives that are in a RAID unit, single
disk, or spare. The DCB includes information on the unit type, unit
members, RAID level, and other important RAID information.
Delete an array. Deleting an array (or unit) is the process of returning the
drives in a unit to individual drives. This erases the DCB information
from the drives and deletes any data that was on them. When a unit is
deleted from a controller, it is sometimes referred to as being “destroyed.”
If you want to remove a unit without deleting the data on it, do not delete
it; instead use the Remove feature in 3DM, and then physically remove
the drives.
•
•
•
Destroying. Same as deleting a unit.
Degraded unit. A redundant unit that contains a drive that has failed.
Disk roaming. When moving a unit from one controller to another, refers
to putting disks back in a different order than they initially occupied,
without harm to the data.
•
Distributed parity. Parity (error correction code) data is distributed
across several drives in RAID 5 configurations. Distributing parity data
across drives provides both protection of data and good performance.
•
•
•
•
Drive ID. A unique identifier for a specific drive in a system. Also called a
port ID.
Drive Number. The SCSI number, or channel number, of a particular
drive.
ECC. Error correction code. ECC Errors are grown defects that have
occurred on a drive since it was last read.
ECC Error policy. Determines whether an error detected during a rebuild
stops the rebuild or whether the rebuild can continue in spite of the error.
Specified by the Continue on Source Error During Rebuild unit policy.
•
•
EMS (Enclosure Management Services). Chassis-monitoring functions
for environmental, power, mechanical monitoring, and control using the
I²C (chassis control) bus port.
Export a unit. To remove the association of a unit with a controller. Does
not affect the data on the drives. Used for array roaming, when you want
to swap out a unit without powering down the system, and move the unit
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to another controller. Compare to Delete, which erases all unit
configuration information from the drive.
•
•
Exportable unit or drive. Exportable units and drives are those that will
be available to the operating system when you boot your computer.
Fault tolerant. A RAID unit which provides the ability to recover from a
failed drive, either because the data is duplicated (as when drives are
mirrored) or because of error checking (as in a RAID 5 unit).
•
Firmware. Computer programming instructions that are stored in a read-
only memory on the controller rather than being implemented through
software.
•
•
Grown defect. Defects that arise on a disk from daily use.
Hot spare. A drive that is available, online, and designated as a spare.
When a drive fails in a redundant unit, causing the unit to become
degraded, a hot spare can replace the failed drive automatically and the
unit will be rebuilt.
•
Hot swapping. The process of removing a disk drive from the system
while the power is on. Hot swapping can be used to remove units with
data on them, when they are installed in hot-swap carriers. This is referred
to as array roaming. Hot swapping can also be used to remove and
replaced failed drives when a hot-swap carrier is used.
•
•
•
I²C-(or Inter-IC) bus. A two-wire serial bus solution used as a control,
diagnostic, environmental, and power management for EMS (enclosure
management services).
Import a unit. Attach a set of disk drives with an existing configuration to
a controller and make the controller aware of the unit. Does not affect the
data on the drives.
Initialize. For 3ware SATA RAID controllers, initialize means to put the
redundant data on the drives of redundant units into a known state so that
data can be recovered in the event of a disk drive failure. For RAID 1 and
10, initialization copies the data from the lower port to the higher port.
For RAID 5, initialization calculates the RAID 5 parity and writes it to
disk (background initialization). This is sometimes referred to as
resynching, and does not erase user data.
•
Logical Units. This term is used in the 3ware CLI. It is usually shortened
to “units.” These are block devices presented to the operating system. A
logical unit can be a one-tier, two-tier, or three-tier arrangement. Spare,
and Single logical units are examples of one-tier units. RAID 1 and RAID
5 are examples of two-tier units and as such will have sub-units. RAID 10
is an example of a three-tier unit and as such will have sub-sub-units.
•
Migration. The process of changing the characteristics of a unit. The
change can be to expand the capacity of the unit (OCE), change the stripe
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size of the unit, change the unit from redundant to non-redundant, or to
change the unit from non-redundant to redundant.
•
•
Mirrored disk array (unit). A pair of drives on which the same data is
written, so that each provides a backup for the other. If one drive fails, the
data is preserved on the paired drive. Mirrored disk units include RAID 1
and RAID 10.
NCQ (Native Command Queuing). A feature designed to improve
performance of SATA hard disks in some applications that require a lot of
random access of data, such as server-type applications. When NCQ is
enabled, the commands are reordered on the drive itself.
NCQ must be supported by the drive and is only available on 3ware
9550SX and 9590SE controllers. NCQ must be turned on in both the
drive and the RAID controller. By default, the RAID unit’s queue policy
is disabled when creating a unit.
•
•
Non-redundant units. A disk array (unit) without fault tolerance (RAID
0, single disk, or JBOD.).
OCE (Online Capacity Expansion). The process of increasing the size of
an existing RAID unit without having to create a new unit. See also
migration.
•
Parity. Information that the controller calculates using an exclusive OR
(XOR) algorithm and writes to the disk drives in RAID 5 units. This data
can be used with the remaining user data to recover the lost data if a disk
drive fails.
•
•
PCB. Printed circuit board.
P-Chip. PCI interface chip that connects the PCI bus to the high-speed
internal bus and routes all data between the two using a packet switched
fabric. There is one P-chip per controller card.
•
Port. A controller has one or many ports. Each port can be attached to a
single disk drive. On a controller such as the 9590SE-4ME, with a
multilane serial port connector, one connector supports four ports.
•
•
•
Port ID. A unique identifier for a specific port in a system. Also called a
drive ID.
Rebuild task schedule. The specification for when rebuilding, may
occur, including start time and duration.
Rebuild a unit. To generate data on a new drive after it is put into service
to replace a failed drive in a fault tolerant unit (for example, RAID 1, 10,
or 5).
•
Redundancy. Duplication of data on another drive or drives, so that it is
protected in the event of a drive failure.
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3ware Serial ATA RAID Controller User Guide for the Power Mac G5
•
•
Remove a drive. The process of making a drive unavailable to the
controller.
Remove a unit. The process of making a unit unavailable to the
controller and the operating system. After a unit is removed it can be hot
swapped out of the system.This is sometimes referred to as exporting a
unit.
•
RLM (RAID Level Migration). The process of using an existing unit of
one or more drives and converting it to a new RAID type without having
to delete the original unit. For example, converting a single disk to a
mirrored disk or converting a RAID 0 unit to a RAID 5 unit.
•
•
•
Self-test. A test that can be performed on a scheduled basis. Available
self-tests include Upgrade UDMA mode and Check SMART Thresholds.
Stagger time. The delay between drive groups that will spin up, at one
time, on a particular controller. (9000 series controllers only)
Stripe size. The size of the data written to each disk drive in RAID unit
levels that support striping. The size of stripes can be set for a given unit
during configuration. In general, smaller stripe sizes are better for
sequential I/O, such as video, and larger strip sizes are better for random
I/O (such as databases). The stripe size is user-configurable at 64KB,
128KB, or 256KB.
This stripe size is sometimes referred as a a “minor” stripe size. A major
stripe size is equal to the minor stripe size times the number of disks in the
unit.
•
Striping. The process of breaking up files into smaller sizes and
distributing the data amongst two or more drives. Since smaller amounts
of data are written to multiple disk drives simultaneously, this results in
an increase in performance. Striping occurs in RAID 0, 5, and 10.
•
•
Subunit. A logical unit of storage that is part of another unit. For
example, the mirrored pairs (RAID 1) in a RAID 10 unit are subunits of
the RAID 10 unit.
UDMA mode. UDMA mode is a protocol that supports bursting data up to
133 MB/sec with PATA disk drives and 1.5Gb/sec and 3.0 Gb/sec with
SATA disk drives.
•
•
•
Unit ID. A unique identifier for a specific unit in a system.
Unit Number. The SCSI number, or channel number, of a particular unit.
Unit. A logical unit of storage, which the operating system treats as a
single drive. A unit may consist of a single drive or several drives. Also
known as an array.
•
Verify. A process that confirms the validity of the redundant data in a
redundant unit. For a RAID 1 and RAID 10 unit, a verify will compare the
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Appendix A. Glossary
data of one mirror with the other. For RAID 5, a verify will calculate
RAID 5 parity and compare it to what is written on the disk drive.
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B
Driver and Software Installation
This appendix provides detailed instructions for installing the 3ware driver
and software for the 9590SE-4ME on your Power Mac G5.
You can install all software at once, or you can use the installer to install
specific components.
If you install the disk management tool 3DM 2, you will be asked to specify
some settings, such as email notifications and security settings. All of these
settings can be modified later from the 3DM 2 software. You do not have to
complete them at this time.
To install the driver and disk management tools
1
With your Power Mac G5 on, insert the 3ware CD that came in your
3ware Sidecar Kit.
2
When the 3wareCD window opens, double-click on the file
StartInstallto launch the installer.
When prompted, enter your Macintosh Admin user name and password
and click OK to start the installer.
Figure 45. Authenticate dialog requests user name and password
The installer will start and the welcome screen appears.
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Appendix B. Driver and Software Installation
3
From the Welcome screen, click Next to start the installation process.
Figure 46. Welcome Installation Screen
4
On the License Agreement page, accept the agreement and click Next.
Figure 47. License Agreement Screen
5
Select what components you want to install and click Next.
3DM and CLI are applications that let you set up and manage RAID units.
3DM is browser-based; CLI is a command line interface.
The Firmware Upgrade Utility lets you update the firmware on your
controller, if required.
The AMCC 3ware 9000 driver tells your operating system how to interact
with the 3ware RAID controller. (Installing the driver will require that
you restart your computer.)
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3ware Serial ATA RAID Controller User Guide for the Power Mac G5
The 3ware Documentation option installs the 3ware HTML Bookshelf on
your computer. This is an HTML version of the User Guide and CLI
Guide.
Figure 48. Select Components to Install Screen
6
If you want to change where the 3ware Disk Management tools 3DM and
CLI will be installed, you can change the path and directory.
When you are ready, click Next.
Figure 49. Specify Directory Path Screen
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Appendix B. Driver and Software Installation
7
To configure email notification, check the box and complete the 3DM 2
Email Configuration screen.
This features allows you to receive notification of problems with your
3ware RAID controller and units. For details about completing these
You can select what level of notifications you want to be emailed about.
•
•
•
Errors. You will be notified of Errors only.
Warnings. You will be notified of Warnings and Errors.
Information. You will be notified of Information, Warnings, and
Errors.
When you are ready, click Next to continue.
Figure 50. 3DM2 Email Configuration Screen
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3ware Serial ATA RAID Controller User Guide for the Power Mac G5
8
[Optional] On the 3DM 2 Security Configuration screen, specify whether
you want to restrict access to localhost connections.
Enabling this feature prevents people from checking the status and
administering the controller from across the internet or intranet.
If you want to allow people to remotely administer the controller, uncheck
this box. For more information, see “Enabling and Disabling Remote
Figure 51. 3DM2 Security Configuration Screen
9
[Optional] On the same 3DM 2 Security Configuration screen, you can
specify a different listening port than the default (888), if appropriate.
For more about this feature, see “Setting the Incoming Port #” on page 27.
When you are ready, click Next to continue.
Figure 52. 3DM2 Specify Listening Port
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Appendix B. Driver and Software Installation
10 If you want the Installation Wizard to launch 3DM 2 after you finish the
wizard, check the Connect to 3DM2 box. This allows you to log into
3DM and configure a RAID unit right away.
If you do not want to launch 3DM 2 at this time, leave the box unchecked.
When you are ready, click Next to continue.
Figure 53. Final Installation Screen
11 On the summary screen, review the installation that is about to occur.
If you want to make changes, use the Back button to move back through
the screens.
When you are ready, click Install to continue.
Figure 54. Installation Summary Screen
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3ware Serial ATA RAID Controller User Guide for the Power Mac G5
12 When the final installation screen lets you know that installation is
complete, click Finish.
Figure 55. Final Installation Screen
You will be prompted to restart your computer in order for the driver to be
used with your 9590SE-4ME controller.
13 Restart your Macintosh to load the driver.
Note: If you have not yet installed your 3ware controller and set up your
3ware Sidecar, you do not need to restart your computer at this time.
Instead, power down your Macintosh and turn to the Installation Guide
that came with your 3ware Sidecar Kit.
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Appendix B. Driver and Software Installation
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3ware Serial ATA RAID Controller User Guide for the Power Mac G5
C
Compliance and Conformity
Statements
This section is organized into the following topics:
•
•
FCC Radio Frequency Interference Statement
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a
Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC (Federal
Communications Commission) Rules. These limits are designed to provide
reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation.
This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if
not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful
interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that
interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does
cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be
determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try
to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
•
•
•
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to
which the receiver is connected.
•
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
To maintain compliance with FCC radio frequency emission limits, use
shielded cables and connectors between all parts of the computer system.
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Appendix C. Compliance and Conformity Statements
European Community Conformity Statement
The Controller Model 9590SE-4ME is in conformity with the following
Common Technical Regulations and/or normative documents:
EN 55022
Limits and methods of measurements of radio interference character-
istics of information technology equipment
EN 61000-4-2Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4: Testing and measure-
ment techniques Section 2: Electrostatic discharge immunity test
EN 61000-4-3 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4: Testing and measure-
ment techniques Section 3: Radiated, Radio-Frequency, Electromag-
netic Field Immunity Test
EN 61000-4-4 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4: Testing and measure-
ment techniques Section 4: Electrical fast transient/burst immunity
test
EN 60950
Safety of information technology equipment, including electrical busi-
ness equipment following the provisions of the Electromagnetic Com-
patibility Directive 89/23/EEC Low Voltage Directive
.
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3ware Serial ATA RAID Controller User Guide for the Power Mac G5
D
Warranty, Technical Support,
and Service
This section is organized into the following topics:
•
•
•
•
•
Limited Warranty
RAID Controller Hardware. 3-Year Hardware Warranty: AMCC warrants
this product against defects in material and workmanship for a period of
thirty-six (36) months from the date of original purchase. AMCC, at no charge
and at its option, will repair or replace any part of this product which proves
defective by reason of improper workmanship or materials. Repair parts or
replacement products will be provided by AMCC on an exchange basis and
will be either new or refurbished to be functionally equivalent to new.
Products or parts replaced under this provision shall become the property of
AMCC.
3ware Sidecar Hardware. 1-Year Hardware Warranty: AMCC warrants this
product against defects in material and workmanship for a period of twelve
(12) months from the date of original purchase. AMCC, at no charge and at its
option, will repair or replace any part of this product which proves defective
by reason of improper workmanship or materials. Repair parts or replacement
products will be provided by AMCC on an exchange basis and will be either
new or refurbished to be functionally equivalent to new. Products or parts
replaced under this provision shall become the property of AMCC.
Software Warranty: AMCC will replace a defective media purchased with
this product for a period of up to 30 days from the date of purchase.
AMCC warranty service is provided by returning the defective product to
AMCC.
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151
Appendix D. Warranty, Technical Support, and Service
Exclusions
This warranty does not cover any damage to this product which results from
accident, abuse, misuse, natural or personal disaster, or any unauthorized
disassembly, repair or modification. AMCC shall not be liable for any
incidental or consequential damages, including but not limited to loss of
profits, other loss, damage or expense directly or indirectly arising from the
customer's misuse of or inability to use the product, either separately or in
combination with other equipment, regardless of whether AMCC has been
advised of the possibility of such damages. AMCC is not liable for and does
not cover under warranty, any costs associated with servicing and/or the
installation of AMCC products. This warranty sets for the entire liability and
obligations of AMCC with respect to breach of warranty and the warranties
set forth or limited herein are the sole warranties and are in lieu of all other
warranties, expressed or implied, including warranties or fitness for particular
purpose and merchantability.
State Law Provisions
This warranty gives you specific legal rights and you may have other rights
which vary from state to state. Some states do not allow the exclusion of
incidental or consequential damages or allow limitation of implied warranties
or their duration, so that the above exclusions or limitations may not apply.
Warranty Service and RMA Process
To obtain warranty service during the warranty period, register at the 3ware
website and submit an RMA request online at https://www.3ware.com.
You will be issued a return material authorization (RMA) number. AMCC
will send a replacement in approximately two business days after receipt of
the defective unit (transit time not included).
Advanced replacement is available with a credit card number with
authorization in the amount equaling the then current list price of the 3ware
Serial ATA RAID Controller, including shipping costs. As soon as practicable
thereafter, AMCC will ship the advanced replacement to you at the address of
your choosing. Upon receipt of the advanced replacement, we ask that you
immediately ship the defective AMCC 3ware Serial ATA RAID Controller to
AMCC, RAID Products RMA DEPT, 6290 Sequence Drive, San Diego, CA
92121. If AMCC receives the defective AMCC 3ware Serial ATA RAID
Controller from you within thirty (30) days of the date of shipment of the
advanced replacement, AMCC will destroy your credit card authorization and
you will not be charged for the advanced replacement.
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3ware Serial ATA RAID Controller User Guide for the Power Mac G5
AMCC Technical Support and Services
Please use the original packing material contents of the box when exchanging
or returning a product.
For information about the status of a replacement, please contact AMCC
Technical Support.
AMCC Technical Support and Services
Product information, Frequently Asked Questions, software upgrades, driver
files and other support are available through the AMCC World Wide Web site
Web-based software downloads feature upgrading multiple switches
simultaneously.
For specific answers to questions or to give feedback about the product, visit
form. AMCC also offers toll-free 1 (800) 840-6055 or 1 (408) 542-8800 direct
phone support during normal business hours.
Sales and ordering information
For sales information, send an electronic mail message to
3wareSales@amcc.com.
Feedback on this manual
Your feedback is welcome. If anything in the guide seems unclear please let
www.3ware.com
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Appendix D. Warranty, Technical Support, and Service
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3ware Serial ATA RAID Controller User Guide for the Power Mac G5
alarms 66
BBU
viewing 66
arrays 6
definition 135
BIOS
setting 31, 95
C
auto-carving 32
auto-carving policy
setting 96
setting 33, 96
B
background tasks
definition 12
CLI
definition 135
installation 141
configuration
changing 50
initialization 69
controller 28
overview 68
prioritizing 76
definition 135
unit 34
configuring
scheduling 76
verification 70
units 34
controller
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3ware Serial ATA RAID Controller User Guide for the Power Mac G5
controller policies
overview 31
viewing 30
definition 135
rescanning 60
status 86
conventions
driver
installation 141
updating 84
creating a unit
definition 136
E
ECC
definition 136
enclosure
introduction 34
customer support
contacting 112, 153
Enclosure Management Services (EMS),
definition 136
errors 66
viewing 67
export a unit
definition 136
Export JBOD policy
D
degraded unit
about 65
definition 136
3DM 103
definition 136
drive
F
coercion 11
fault tolerant
definition 137
firmware
definition 137
updating 84
statuses 64
types 5
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157
FUA (Force Unit Access) commands, part of
logical unit
definition 137
G
M
H
media scans
definition 137
creating 42
I
identify
mirrored disk array
import a unit
definition 137
initialization
N
about 69
assigning 43, 95
NCQ (native command queuing)
definition 138
definition 137
non-redundant units
definition 138
installation
O
operating systems
driver and disk management tools (3DM2 and
CLI) 141
P
page refresh
3DM 110
parity
J
definition 138
distributed 6
policies
L
LEDs
indicators 63
controller 31
158
3ware Serial ATA RAID Controller User Guide for the Power Mac G5
unit 44
units 94
definition 139
port
definition 138
S
scheduling
self-tests
Q
queuing
R
about 80, 98
definition 139
schedule
selecting 80
RAID
configurations 7
serial number
showing 86, 87
RAID Level Migration (RLM)
definition 139
overview 50
SMART 66
monitoring 12
rebuild task schedule
rebuilding a unit
spin-up policy
3DM 74, 102
about 73
definition 138
introduction 73
redundancy
status
definitions
definition 138
controller 86
remote access
3DM 111
3DM 101
drive 64
unit 63
setting 48, 95
stripe size
changing 50
definition 139
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159
definition 139
striping 6
definition 139
subunit
definition 139
unit ID
definition 139
unit policies
T
task schedules
adding 79
overview 44
setting Continue on Source Error During
rebuild/migrate 79
removing 79
self-test 79
verify 79
Rebuild 47
updating
viewing 77
contacting 112, 153
troubleshooting 112
TwinStor 9
V
U
verification 12
about 70
unit
verify task schedule
configuring 34
creating a unit
introduction 34
definition 6, 139
maintaining 61
verifying
naming 36, 43
definition 139
manually 72
statuses 63
volumes
volumes 90
W
Warranty 151
160
3ware Serial ATA RAID Controller User Guide for the Power Mac G5
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3ware Serial ATA RAID Controller User Guide for the Power Mac G5
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