Telex Network Card ISP 100 User Manual
ISP-100™  
INTEGRATED SIGNAL  
PROCESSOR  
User’s Manual  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
i
PROPRIETARY NOTICE  
The Merlin product information and design disclosed herein were originated by and are the property of Telex  
Communications, Inc. Telex reserves all patent, proprietary design, manufacturing, reproduction, use and  
sales rights thereto, and to any article disclosed therein, except to the extent rights are expressly granted to  
others.  
PATENT NOTICE  
This equipment contains and uses a design for which patent applications have been made. Patents Pending.  
COPYRIGHT NOTICE  
Copyright 1997-98 by Telex communications, Inc. all rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part without  
prior written permission from Telex is prohibited.  
NOTICE TO USER  
This manual should not be construed as any representation or warranty with respect to the software named  
herein. Occasionally changes or variations exist in the software that are not reflected in the manual.  
Generally, if such changes or variations are known to exist and to affect the product significantly, a release  
note or README file accompanies the manual and the distribution disks. In that event, be sure to read the  
release note or README file before using the product.  
This publication could include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Changes are periodically made  
to the information herein; these changes will be incorporated in new editions of the publication. TELEX  
Communications may make improvements and/or changes in the product(s) and/or program(s) described in  
this publication at any time.  
TRADEMARKS  
VUE-IT™ and Virtual User Environmental for InterActive Technology™ are trademarks of TELEX  
Communications. Windows®, Windows 3.1®, Windows 3.11®, Windows 95®, and MS-DOS® are all  
trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Names of other products mentioned herein are used for identification  
purposes only and may be trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their respective companies.  
UNPACKING AND INSPECTION  
Immediately upon receipt of the equipment, inspect the shipping container and the contents carefully for any  
discrepancies or damage. Should there be any, notify the freight company and the dealer at once.  
WARRANTY INFORMATION  
Merlin products are warranted by Telex Communications, Inc. to be free from defects in materials and  
workmanship for a period of three years from the date of sale.  
The sole obligation of Telex during the warranty period is to provide, without charge, parts and labor  
necessary to remedy covered defects appearing in products returned prepaid to Telex. This warranty does  
not cover any defect, malfunction or failure caused beyond the control of Telex, including unreasonable or  
negligent operation, abuse, accident, failure to follow instructions in the manual, defective or improper  
associated equipment, attempts at modification and repair not authorized by Telex, and shipping damage.  
Products with their serial numbers removed or effaced are not covered by this warranty.  
To obtain warranty service, follow the procedures entitled “Procedure for Returns” and “ Shipping to  
Manufacturer for Repair or Adjustment”.  
This warranty is the sole and exclusive express warranty given with respect to Merlin products. It is the  
responsibility of the user to determine before purchase that this product is suitable for the user’s intended  
purpose.  
General Information  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
ii  
ANY AND ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING THE IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY  
ARE LIMITED TO THE DURATION OF THIS EXPRESS LIMITED WARRANTY.  
NEITHER TELEX NOR THE DEALER WHO SELLS MERLIN PRODUCTS IS LIABLE FOR INCIDENTAL  
OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY KIND.  
CUSTOMER SUPPORT  
Technical questions should be directed to:  
Customer Service Department  
Merlin/Telex  
9600 Aldrich Avenue South  
Minneapolis, MN 55420 U.S.A.  
Telephone: (612) 884-4051  
Fax: (612) 884-0043  
RETURN SHIPPING INSTRUCTIONS  
Procedure for Returns  
If a repair is necessary, contact the dealer where this unit was purchased.  
If repair through the dealer is not possible, obtain a RETURN AUTHORIZATION from:  
Customer Service Department  
Telex Communications, Inc.  
Telephone: 1-800-828-6107 or (612) 884-4051 extension 425 or 420  
Fax: 1-800-323-0498 or (612) 884-0043  
DO NOT RETURN ANY EQUIPMENT DIRECTLY TO THE FACTORY WITHOUT FIRST OBTAINING A  
RETURN AUTHORIZATION.  
Be prepared to provide the company name, address, phone number, a person to contact regarding the repair,  
the type and quantity of equipment, a description of the problem and the serial number(s).  
Shipping to Manufacturer for Repair or Adjustment  
All shipments of Merlin products should be made via United Parcel Service or the best available shipper  
prepaid. The equipment should be shipped in the original packing carton; if that is not available, use any  
suitable container that is rigid and of adequate size. If a substitute container is used, the equipment should be  
wrapped in paper and surrounded with at least four inches of excelsior or similar shock-absorbing material. All  
shipments must be sent to the following address and must include the Return Authorization.  
Factory Service department  
Telex Communications, Inc.  
st  
West 1 Street  
Blue Earth, MN 56013 U.S.A.  
Upon completion of any repair the equipment will be returned via United Parcel Service or specified shipper  
collect.  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
iii  
End-User License Agreement for Telex® Software  
IMPORTANT – Please read this document carefully before using this product.  
THIS DOCUMENT STATES THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS UPON WHICH TELEX COMMUNICATIONS,  
INC. (the “COMPANY”) OFFERS TO LICENSE THE INSTALLED SOFTWARE OR PROGRAM (the  
“SOFTWARE”) FOR USE WITH THE PRODUCT IN WHICH IT WAS INSTALLED. YOU ARE AGREEING  
TO BECOME BOUND BY THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO THE TERMS  
OF THIS AGREEMENT, DO NOT USE THIS PRODUCT. PROMPTLY RETURN THE PRODUCT TO THE  
PLACE WHERE YOU OBTAINED IT FOR A FULL REFUND.  
The installed Software as supplied by the Company is licensed, not sold, to you for use only under the terms  
of this license, and the Company reserves all rights not expressly granted to you. You own the product or  
other media on or in which the Software was originally or subsequently recorded or fixed, but the Company  
retains ownership of all copies of the Software itself.  
1. License: This license allows you to use the Software for internal purposes only on a single product in which  
it was installed.  
2. Restrictions:  
(a) You may not market, distribute or transfer copies of the Software to others or electronically  
transfer or duplicate the Software. YOU MAY NOT REVERSE ENGINEER, DECOMPILE,  
DISASSEMBLE, MODIFY, ADAPT, TRANSLATE, RENT, LEASE OR LOAN THE SOFTWARE OR  
CREATE DERIVATIVE WORKS BASED ON THE SOFTWARE OR ANY ACCOMPANYING  
WRITTEN MATERIALS.  
(b) The Software and the accompanying written materials are copyrighted. Unauthorized copying of  
the Software, including portions thereof or the written materials, is expressly forbidden.  
(c) You understand that the Company may update or revise the Software and in so doing incurs not  
obligation to furnish such updates to you.  
3. Limited Warranty: The Company does not warranty that the operation of the Software will meet your  
requirements or operate free from error. THE COMPANY DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES AND  
CONDITIONS EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING THE WARRANTIES OF  
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT OF THIRD  
PARTY RIGHTS.  
4. Limited Liability: The liability of the Company for any claims arising out of this License based upon the  
Software, regardless of the form of action, shall not exceed the greater of the license fee for the Software or  
$50.  
General Information  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
iv  
Table of Contents  
INTRODUCTION .................................................................... 1-1  
An Overview of the ISP-100 ................................................................................................ 1-1  
About this Manual................................................................................................................ 1-2  
Customer Support ............................................................................................................... 1-2  
Conventions Used in this Manual ........................................................................................ 1-2  
SETUP & INSTALLATION...................................................... 2-1  
Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 2-1  
Unpacking ........................................................................................................................... 2-1  
Front Panel Features........................................................................................................... 2-1  
Rear Panel Features ........................................................................................................... 2-2  
Power Requirements........................................................................................................... 2-2  
Operating Environment ....................................................................................................... 2-2  
Rack Mounting .................................................................................................................... 2-2  
Card Installation Procedure................................................................................................. 2-3  
Cable Diagrams................................................................................................................... 2-4  
Analog Audio ................................................................................................................. 2-4  
Digital Audio .................................................................................................................. 2-5  
Serial Communications ................................................................................................. 2-6  
General Purpose Inputs (GPI) ....................................................................................... 2-9  
Master Sync Input ......................................................................................................... 2-9  
TROUBLESHOOTING ............................................................ 3-1  
User Modifications............................................................................................................... 3-1  
In Case of Problems............................................................................................................ 3-1  
Diagnostics.......................................................................................................................... 3-2  
Factory Default Mode .......................................................................................................... 3-2  
Retrieving Version Numbers ............................................................................................... 3-3  
Retrieving Serial Numbers .................................................................................................. 3-3  
Changing the Fuse .............................................................................................................. 3-4  
Changing the Battery........................................................................................................... 3-4  
Technical Support ............................................................................................................... 3-6  
Procedure for Returns ......................................................................................................... 3-6  
Shipping to Manufacturer for Repair or Adjustment ............................................................ 3-7  
SPECIFICATIONS .................................................................. 4-1  
Components ........................................................................................................................ 4-1  
Compressor................................................................................................................... 4-1  
Crossover ...................................................................................................................... 4-1  
Delay ............................................................................................................................. 4-1  
Dither ............................................................................................................................. 4-1  
Gain ............................................................................................................................... 4-1  
Gate............................................................................................................................... 4-1  
Limiter............................................................................................................................ 4-2  
Filters............................................................................................................................. 4-2  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
v
Table of Contents  
LowPass Filter ........................................................................................................... 4-2  
HighPass Filter .......................................................................................................... 4-2  
AllPass Filter.............................................................................................................. 4-2  
LowShelf Filter........................................................................................................... 4-2  
HighShelf Filter .......................................................................................................... 4-2  
Notch Filter ................................................................................................................ 4-2  
PEQ ........................................................................................................................... 4-3  
Combine ........................................................................................................................ 4-3  
Input .............................................................................................................................. 4-3  
Output............................................................................................................................ 4-3  
ISP-100 Component Plots ................................................................................................... 4-3  
Compressor................................................................................................................... 4-3  
Limiter............................................................................................................................ 4-3  
Gate............................................................................................................................... 4-4  
Linkwitz-Riley 3-way Crossover .................................................................................... 4-4  
Notch Filter .................................................................................................................... 4-4  
Parametric Equalizer Filter ............................................................................................ 4-4  
Peaked HighPass Filter ................................................................................................. 4-4  
Shelving Filter................................................................................................................ 4-4  
System Measurements........................................................................................................ 4-5  
System Frequency Response ....................................................................................... 4-5  
System Noise Floor ....................................................................................................... 4-5  
System THD+N ............................................................................................................. 4-5  
MIM-1 & MIM-2 Analog Input Modules ................................................................................ 4-6  
Power ............................................................................................................................ 4-6  
Performance .................................................................................................................. 4-6  
Miscellaneous................................................................................................................ 4-6  
Notes ............................................................................................................................. 4-6  
MOM-1 Analog Output Module............................................................................................ 4-7  
Power ............................................................................................................................ 4-7  
Performance .................................................................................................................. 4-7  
Miscellaneous................................................................................................................ 4-7  
Notes ............................................................................................................................. 4-7  
MDM-1 AES/EBU Digital I/O Module................................................................................... 4-8  
Power ............................................................................................................................ 4-8  
Performance (Sample Rate Converter Engaged) ......................................................... 4-8  
Performance (Sample Rate Converter Bypassed) ........................................................ 4-9  
Miscellaneous................................................................................................................ 4-9  
Notes ........................................................................................................................... 4-10  
Physical ............................................................................................................................. 4-10  
Height .......................................................................................................................... 4-10  
Width ........................................................................................................................... 4-10  
Depth ........................................................................................................................... 4-10  
Weight ......................................................................................................................... 4-10  
Included Accessories .................................................................................................. 4-10  
Power ................................................................................................................................ 4-10  
General Information  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
vi  
Table of Contents  
INSTALLING VUE-IT™........................................................... 5-1  
Minimum System Requirements ......................................................................................... 5-1  
Identifying a Serial Port ....................................................................................................... 5-1  
Loading the Software .......................................................................................................... 5-1  
Updating the ISP-100’s Operating System.......................................................................... 5-2  
Configuring the Software ..................................................................................................... 5-4  
GETTING STARTED............................................................... 6-1  
Starting VUE-IT ................................................................................................................... 6-1  
Starting a New Project......................................................................................................... 6-2  
VUE-IT File System ............................................................................................................. 6-3  
Archiving Projects.......................................................................................................... 6-4  
Mounting Projects.......................................................................................................... 6-4  
QuickMAP Template Files ............................................................................................. 6-4  
Component Directory .................................................................................................... 6-4  
Operating System (OS) Files ........................................................................................ 6-4  
USING VUE-IT ....................................................................... 7-1  
File ...................................................................................................................................... 7-1  
New Project ................................................................................................................... 7-1  
Open Project ................................................................................................................. 7-1  
Save .............................................................................................................................. 7-1  
Save As ......................................................................................................................... 7-1  
Activate Project Manager .............................................................................................. 7-1  
Activate QuickSET Manager ......................................................................................... 7-1  
Exit ................................................................................................................................ 7-1  
Most Recently Used Files.............................................................................................. 7-1  
Edit ...................................................................................................................................... 7-2  
Cut ................................................................................................................................. 7-2  
Copy .............................................................................................................................. 7-2  
Paste ............................................................................................................................. 7-2  
Tools ................................................................................................................................... 7-2  
Refresh Directories........................................................................................................ 7-2  
Scan .............................................................................................................................. 7-2  
Options ................................................................................................................................ 7-2  
Preferences ................................................................................................................... 7-2  
System Configurations .................................................................................................. 7-2  
Window ............................................................................................................................... 7-3  
Cascade ........................................................................................................................ 7-3  
Tile................................................................................................................................. 7-3  
Arrange Icons ................................................................................................................ 7-3  
Help ..................................................................................................................................... 7-3  
About ............................................................................................................................. 7-3  
Preferences ......................................................................................................................... 7-3  
Soft Mute Ramp in ms ................................................................................................... 7-3  
Display Recently Opened Files in the File Menu ........................................................... 7-4  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
vii  
Table of Contents  
OpenDevice Status Panel on Error ............................................................................... 7-4  
Display QuickMAP Pop-Up names................................................................................ 7-4  
Display Filter Bandwidth in “Q” ...................................................................................... 7-4  
System Configurations ........................................................................................................ 7-4  
New Projects ................................................................................................................. 7-4  
Component Library ........................................................................................................ 7-4  
QuickMAP Library ......................................................................................................... 7-5  
Company Name ............................................................................................................ 7-5  
Designer’s Name ........................................................................................................... 7-5  
Communications............................................................................................................ 7-5  
Default Preference ........................................................................................................ 7-5  
Project Manager .................................................................................................................. 7-5  
Properties for the ISP-100 ............................................................................................. 7-6  
Project Properties .......................................................................................................... 7-7  
QuickMAP Selection...................................................................................................... 7-7  
QuickMAP Properties .................................................................................................... 7-8  
Component Properties .................................................................................................. 7-8  
Component Export ........................................................................................................ 7-9  
Component Import....................................................................................................... 7-10  
QuickSET Manager ........................................................................................................... 7-10  
Creating New QuickSETs............................................................................................ 7-11  
Deleating QuickSETs .................................................................................................. 7-11  
Selecting the Active QuickSET.................................................................................... 7-11  
Updating a QuickSET .................................................................................................. 7-11  
Discarding Changes .................................................................................................... 7-11  
GPI .................................................................................................................................... 7-11  
Configuring Input Pins ................................................................................................. 7-11  
Testing the GPI Assignments ...................................................................................... 7-12  
QuickMAP ......................................................................................................................... 7-13  
QuickMAP Component Bypassing .............................................................................. 7-13  
I/O Properties .................................................................................................................... 7-14  
Input ............................................................................................................................ 7-14  
Output.......................................................................................................................... 7-15  
Digital I/O..................................................................................................................... 7-15  
Status Information ................................................................................................... 7-16  
Device Status Panel .......................................................................................................... 7-17  
Clock Sync .................................................................................................................. 7-17  
Digital Data .................................................................................................................. 7-17  
Low Battery ................................................................................................................. 7-17  
Input Clip ..................................................................................................................... 7-17  
Process Clip ................................................................................................................ 7-17  
Output Meters.................................................................................................................... 7-18  
PROCESSING COMPONENTS ............................................... 8-1  
Combine .............................................................................................................................. 8-2  
Input Attenuators ........................................................................................................... 8-2  
Fine (F) or Coarse (C) Control ...................................................................................... 8-3  
General Information  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
viii  
Table of Contents  
Polarity Control (+/-) ...................................................................................................... 8-3  
Mute Control (M) ........................................................................................................... 8-3  
Bypass Control (master)................................................................................................ 8-3  
Compressor......................................................................................................................... 8-4  
Familliar Controls .......................................................................................................... 8-4  
Unfamiliar Controls ........................................................................................................ 8-6  
Metering ........................................................................................................................ 8-8  
Notes on Operation of the Compressor......................................................................... 8-8  
Meter ............................................................................................................................. 8-9  
Threshold ...................................................................................................................... 8-9  
Attack, Window, Release, and Crest Factor Controls ................................................... 8-9  
Fine (F) or Coarse (C) Control .................................................................................... 8-10  
Knee Control ............................................................................................................... 8-10  
Ratio Control ............................................................................................................... 8-10  
Sidechain..................................................................................................................... 8-10  
Bypass Control (master).............................................................................................. 8-10  
Crossover .......................................................................................................................... 8-11  
Two-Way Crossovers .................................................................................................. 8-11  
Three-Way Crossovers ............................................................................................... 8-13  
Four-Way Crossovers ................................................................................................. 8-17  
Sum-to-Allpass Characteristics of Linkwitz-Riley Crossovers ..................................... 8-20  
Low, Low-Mid, Mid, Mid-High, and High Controls ....................................................... 8-21  
Link/Unlink Control ...................................................................................................... 8-21  
Slope ........................................................................................................................... 8-21  
Class ........................................................................................................................... 8-22  
Cutoff Frequency ......................................................................................................... 8-22  
Passband Gain ............................................................................................................ 8-22  
Fine (F) or Coarse (C) Control .................................................................................... 8-23  
Polarity Control (+/-) .................................................................................................... 8-23  
Mute Control (M) ......................................................................................................... 8-23  
Cut..................................................................................................................................... 8-24  
Attenuation and Polarity .............................................................................................. 8-24  
Bypass......................................................................................................................... 8-24  
Attenuator .................................................................................................................... 8-24  
Fine (F) or Coarse (C) Control .................................................................................... 8-25  
Polarity Control (+/-) .................................................................................................... 8-25  
Mute Control (M) ......................................................................................................... 8-25  
Bypass Control (master).............................................................................................. 8-25  
Delay ................................................................................................................................. 8-26  
Setting Delay ............................................................................................................... 8-26  
Fine (F) or Coarse (C) Control .................................................................................... 8-26  
Bypass Control (master).............................................................................................. 8-26  
Dither................................................................................................................................. 8-27  
Bit Level....................................................................................................................... 8-27  
Dither Signal Characteristics ....................................................................................... 8-32  
Bypass......................................................................................................................... 8-28  
Dither Bit Level ............................................................................................................ 8-28  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
ix  
Table of Contents  
Bypass Control (master).............................................................................................. 8-28  
Filter .................................................................................................................................. 8-29  
Filter Bands ................................................................................................................. 8-29  
LowPass Filters ........................................................................................................... 8-30  
HighPass Filters .......................................................................................................... 8-30  
LowShelf Filters ........................................................................................................... 8-31  
HighShelf Filters .......................................................................................................... 8-31  
Notch Filters ................................................................................................................ 8-32  
Parametric EQ Filters .................................................................................................. 8-32  
Peaked HighPass Filters ............................................................................................. 8-34  
AllPass Filters.............................................................................................................. 8-35  
Filter Type ................................................................................................................... 8-35  
Active Band ................................................................................................................. 8-35  
Bypass......................................................................................................................... 8-35  
Bypass Control (master).............................................................................................. 8-35  
Frequency in Hz .......................................................................................................... 8-35  
Boost/Cut..................................................................................................................... 8-36  
Bandwidth.................................................................................................................... 8-36  
Using the Magnitude (Mag.) or Phase Control ............................................................ 8-37  
Using the Logarithmic (Log.) or Linear Control............................................................ 8-37  
Using the 24 dB, 40 dB, 120 dB Controls .................................................................... 8-37  
Gain Trim..................................................................................................................... 8-37  
Fine (F) or Coarse (C) Control .................................................................................... 8-38  
Isolate (Iso) Control ..................................................................................................... 8-38  
Polarity Control (+/-) .................................................................................................... 8-38  
Gain................................................................................................................................... 8-39  
Metering ...................................................................................................................... 8-39  
Gain and Polarity ......................................................................................................... 8-39  
Bypass......................................................................................................................... 8-39  
Metering ...................................................................................................................... 8-40  
Master Attenuator ........................................................................................................ 8-40  
Fine (F) or Coarse (C) Control .................................................................................... 8-40  
Polarity Control (+/-) .................................................................................................... 8-40  
Mute Control ................................................................................................................ 8-40  
Pre-Fader Metering (PFM) .......................................................................................... 8-40  
Gate .................................................................................................................................. 8-42  
Familiar Controls ......................................................................................................... 8-42  
Unfamiliar Controls ...................................................................................................... 8-43  
Metering ...................................................................................................................... 8-44  
Notes on Operation of the Gate................................................................................... 8-44  
Metering ...................................................................................................................... 8-44  
Attenuation and Threshold Controls ............................................................................ 8-44  
Open, Window, and Close Controls ............................................................................ 8-45  
Key Channel ................................................................................................................ 8-45  
Fine (F) or Coarse (C) Control .................................................................................... 8-45  
Bypass Control (master).............................................................................................. 8-45  
Limiter................................................................................................................................ 8-46  
General Information  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
x
Table of Contents  
Familiar Controls ......................................................................................................... 8-46  
Unfamiliar Controls ...................................................................................................... 8-48  
Notes on Operation of the Limiter................................................................................ 8-49  
Meter ........................................................................................................................... 8-50  
Threshold .................................................................................................................... 8-50  
Attack, Window, Release, and Crest Factor Controls ................................................. 8-51  
Fine (F) or Coarse (C) Control .................................................................................... 8-51  
Knee Control ............................................................................................................... 8-51  
Bypass Control (master).............................................................................................. 8-51  
Select ................................................................................................................................ 8-52  
Selecting the Input....................................................................................................... 8-52  
GLOSSARY ............................................................................A-1  
STANDARD QUICKMAP™ LIBRARY ......................................B-1  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
1-1  
INTRODUCTION  
An Overview of the ISP-100  
Thank you for choosing the ISP-100™ for your signal processing needs.  
The ISP-100 is the first in a line of high quality signal processing  
products from TELEX Communications, Inc.’s Merlin division. The  
ISP-100 represents a continued commitment to understanding and  
meeting our customers needs through the development of innovative and  
intuitive solutions.  
The ISP-100 is designed with flexibility in mind, which results in a  
powerful tool that allows you to adapt to ever-changing markets and  
applications. The utmost in quality is also a prime directive in the design  
and manufacture of this product.  
A series of predefined signal path topologies called QuickMAPs™ are  
offered which enable the designer to quickly define the system’s  
processing structure. This approach allows for a continuation of new  
processing solutions and/or variations that provide “market specific”  
templates to help minimize your design time and increase your profit.  
This single rack space unit can replace a multitude of traditional analog  
components. Time and money savings are realized in reduced labor  
costs for wire harnessing, rack size, assembly, and minimized failure due  
to reduced interconnection. As a result of this consolidation of  
processing, overall system performance and audio integrity is greatly  
increased.  
An ergonomically designed software interface called VUE-IT™ provides  
graphic control panels with the conventional look of signal processors, as  
well as an advanced and easy to use filter tool panel which graphically  
displays the configuration of your filter block settings.  
One of the most impressive and unique features of the ISP-100 is the  
configurable input/output (I/O). This feature allows the designer or  
installer to select between analog input or output modules, and/or a  
digital input/output combination module. These modules are two channel  
units and can be intermixed between analog and digital, thus providing a  
variety of I/O combinations. The ISP-100 supports a maximum of four  
inputs and eight outputs. The inputs and outputs can be either analog,  
digital, or a combination of both.  
The four in eight out  
configuration is only  
possible when the  
second card slot  
contains a digital  
I/O card.  
Because of our commitment to providing the utmost in audio quality the  
dynamic range of the ISP-100 rivals anything currently on the market.  
The ISP-100 has a typical noise floor of –110 dBu and a typical THD+N  
of <0.004%. Propagation time is minimized in the ISP-100. No more than  
two milliseconds of delay is introduced from any analog input to analog  
output with full processing and delay set to zero.  
The ISP-100 is flexible. A General Purpose Interface (GPI) allows  
multiple system configurations to be selected without the need of a PC to  
control the unit. This is accomplished through user-supplied contact  
Introduction  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
1-2  
closures. This interface allows users to change system settings directly  
and/or scroll through various settings.  
About this Manual  
This manual is covers the installation and operation of the ISP-100’s  
hardware and software.  
The ISP-100 has been designed to be as user-friendly as possible.  
However, this manual should be read before attempting to install or  
operate the ISP-100.  
Customer Support  
Be sure to fill out the customer support registration card included in the  
software envelope. This will register you in our database of users.  
Conventions Used in this Manual  
The margins in this manual include space for icons that provide  
additional information to the user. The icons and their uses are given in  
Table 1-1.  
Table 1-1 Information icons.  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
2-1  
SETUP & INSTALLATION  
Introduction  
This section details the setup and installation of the MERLIN ISP-100.  
Information is provided on the following: front and rear panel features,  
physical requirements, installation of expansion cards, signal  
connections for audio, data, and control.  
Unpacking  
Save the shipping  
carton in case the  
ISP-100 needs to be  
returned for service.  
The shipping carton is specially designed to protect the ISP-100 while  
transporting under normal conditions. It is still possible for damage to  
occur. Therefore, carefully inspect the outside carton for signs of abuse.  
If for any reason the ISP-100 should need to be returned, use the  
shipping carton that it came in. TELEX Communications, Inc. cannot  
warranty against damage that occurs as a result of improper packaging.  
The shipping box should contain the following items:  
ISP-100  
User’s Manual  
VUE-IT Software Package  
Spare Fuses (2)  
Label Paper  
IEC Power Cord  
Front Panel Features (see Figure 2-1)  
Figure 2-1 ISP-100 front panel features.  
1. Label Holder—Provides a space to indicate the assignments of the  
input and output modules.  
2. Status LEDs—Provides power on/off, low battery, module presence,  
signal clipping, and host communication status.  
3. RS-232 Port—Links the PC to the unit via a DB-9 female connector.  
4. RS-232 Selector—Selects between the front panel DB-9 port and the  
rear panel RJ-45 port. Placing the switch in the down position  
selects the DB-9 port located on the front of the unit. Placing the  
switch in the up position selects the RJ-45 port located on the  
rear of the unit.  
5. Battery—Provides memory backup power. The expected life is  
approximately four years.  
6. Default Switch—Used to place unit in OS download request mode.  
7. Fuse—Protects the power supply.  
8. Power—Turns the unit on and off. Placing the switch in the down  
position turns the unit on. Placing the switch in the up position  
turns the unit off.  
Setup & Installation  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
2-2  
Rear Panel Features (see Figure 2-2)  
Figure 2-2 ISP-100 rear panel features.  
1. AC Power—Connects to mains via an IEC type AC power cord.  
2. RS-232 Port—Links the PC to the unit via a RJ-45 connector.  
3. External Sync—Precision frequency reference input to the unit.  
4. GPI—Provides a General Purpose Interface for the user. The user  
provides inputs to the system via dry or electronic contact  
closure inputs. These inputs can be used to change system  
settings directly and/or scroll through various settings.  
5. Output Slot 5—Accepts either an analog output module or digital  
module.  
6. Output Slot 4—Accepts either an analog output module or digital  
module.  
7. Output Slot 3—Accepts either an analog output module or digital  
module.  
8. Input/Output Slot 2—Accepts an analog input module, analog output  
module, or digital module.  
9. Input Slot 1—Accepts either an analog input module or digital module.  
Power Requirements  
The ISP-100 uses a universal switching power supply that accepts input  
voltages in the range of 90 VAC to 264 VAC, 50/60 Hz. All countries  
using 220/240 VAC except Australia use a ½ amp slow-blow fuse. All  
countries using 100/120 VAC and Australia use a 1 amp slow-blow fuse.  
Operating Environment  
Internal temperature: 50°F to 95°F (10°C to 35°C)  
Humidity: 20% to 80%  
Rack Mounting  
The ISP-100 may be installed in a standard 19-inch (483-mm) equipment  
rack with one rack unit (1.75 inches or 44.5 mm) of vertical rack space  
per unit.  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
2-3  
Card Installation Procedure  
Figure 2-3 Battery/module tool.  
Figure 2-4 Card being inserted.  
1. Ground yourself using a wrist strap and anti-static mat.  
2. Turn off the ISP-100.  
3. Remove the screws securing the module slot cover.  
4. If you are not replacing an existing card please proceed to step 6.  
5. Use the battery/module removal tool to remove the existing module.  
The battery/module removal tool is attached to the inside of the  
CAUTION:  
Failure to observe  
anti-static handling  
procedures could  
result in damage to  
equipment.  
front security cover. Place the hook end of the tool into the slot at  
the bottom of the module and pull. Place the old module in an  
anti-static bag. See Figure 2-3 for more information.  
6. Being careful to avoid scraping the underside of the board, slide the  
new module into the bottom slots on the card guides located  
inside the opening. Push the module into the unit until you feel  
resistance. See Figures 2-4 and 2-5.  
7. Firmly push on the module’s faceplate to seat the module.  
8. Replace the screws that were removed in step 3.  
9. Turn on the ISP-100 and verify that the slot indicator for the module is  
either solid green or blinking green. If the slot indicator is not  
solid green or blinking green, then there is a problem with the  
current hardware and/or software. Please refer to the  
Troubleshooting section to identify the problem.  
Figure 2-5 Card insert detail.  
Setup & Installation  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
2-4  
Cable Diagrams  
Analog Audio (MIM-1, MIM-2, MOM-1)  
Using low-cost  
connectors can save  
money in the short  
term, but failures  
could cost more.  
Figure 2-6 Analog inputs.  
Balanced Input from Balanced Output  
Connect the positive (+) side of the line to pin 2 of the male 3-pin  
XLR connector and the negative (-) side of the line to pin 3 of the  
connector. In keeping with standard wiring practices, the shield  
should not be connected at this end; it should only be connected  
to pin 1 of the 3-pin female XLR connector or ground of the  
source end. See Figure 2-6 for more information.  
Balanced Input from Unbalanced Output  
Connect the “hot” wire to pin 2 of the 3-pin male XLR connector  
and the shield wire to pin 1 of the connector. To avoid a 6 dB  
drop in level, connect pin 3 to pin 1 of the connector. See Figure  
2-6 for more information.  
Confused about  
what type of cable  
to use? Try Belden  
8451 or 8723. Both  
are good quality and  
inexpensive.  
Figure 2-7 Analog outputs.  
Balanced Output to Balanced Input  
Connect the positive (+) side of the line to pin 2 of the 3-pin  
female XLR connector and the negative (-) side of the line to pin  
3 of the connector. In keeping with standard wiring practices, the  
shield should be connected at this end; it should not be  
connected to pin 1 of the male 3-pin XLR connector or ground of  
the load end. See Figure 2-7 for more information.  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
2-5  
Balanced Output to Unbalanced Input  
Connect the “hot” wire to pin 2 of the 3-pin female XLR  
connector and the shield wire to pin 1 of the connector. To avoid  
a 6 dB drop in level, connect pin 3 to pin 1 of the connector. See  
Figure 2-7 for more information.  
Digital Audio (MDM-1 Cards)  
Use the white block  
on the I/O module  
panels to write a  
reference number or  
other designator on  
by using a permanent  
marker. Then make  
identical labels for  
the cables that plug  
into the module.  
Figure 2-8 AES/EBU inputs.  
AES/EBU Input  
Connect the positive (+) side of the line to pin 2 of the male 3-pin  
XLR connector and the negative (-) side of the line to pin 3 of the  
connector. In keeping with standard wiring practices, the shield  
should not be connected at this end; it should only be connected  
to pin 1 of the 3-pin female XLR connector or ground of the  
source end. The cable used should be 110Ω AES/EBU  
compliant cable such as MOGAMI 3080. See Figure 2-8 for  
more information.  
SPDIF Input  
Long unbalanced  
cable runs (analog  
or digital) are not  
recommended.  
Figure 2-9 SPDIF inputs.  
Connect the positive (+) side of the line to pin 2 of the male 3-pin  
XLR connector and the shield of the cable to pins 1 and 3.  
Connect a ¼ watt 237Ω 1% resistor between pins 1 and 2 of the  
3-pin male XLR connector. Connect the positive (+) side of the  
line to the center pin of the RCA connector on the opposite end  
of the cable. Connect the shield to the shield of the RCA  
connector on the opposite end of the cable. The cable used  
should be RG-59 or other similar 75Ω cable. See Figure 2-9 or  
the application note MDM-1 SPDIF COMPATABILITY  
P/N 42-02-053086 for more information.  
Setup & Installation  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
2-6  
AES/EBU Output  
Figure 2-10 AES/EBU output.  
Connect the positive (+) side of the line to pin 2 of the 3-pin  
female XLR connector and the negative (-) side of the line to pin  
3 of the connector. In keeping with standard wiring practices, the  
shield should be connected at this end; it should not be  
connected to pin 1 of the male 3-pin XLR connector or ground of  
the receiving end. The cable used should be 110Ω AES/EBU  
compliant cable such as MOGAMI 3080. See Figure 2-10 for  
more information.  
SPDIF Output  
The ISP-100 is not capable of providing SPDIF outputs.  
Serial Communications  
Serial communications with the ISP-100 can be accomplished either  
through the DB-9 connector located under the front panel security  
cover or through the RJ-45 connector located on the rear panel. The  
computer connected to the ISP-100 must have a free COM port  
(1-4). Communications with the ISP-100 will not work properly if the  
COM port is shared with another device such as a TEF™ analyzer. It  
is important to set the serial port selection switch located under the  
front panel security cover to the serial port used. The cable used  
should be of low capacitance and suited to data communications.  
When tuning the  
system with a  
computer controled  
analyzer use a  
separate computer  
for the analyzer.  
Using two PCs will  
save time.  
Front Panel RS-232  
Figure 2-12 DB-9 to DB-9.  
Figure 2-11 DB-9 to DB-25.  
The serial port selector switch should be set in the down  
position. If the PC’s COM port is a DB-25 connector, wire the  
cable according to Figure 2-11. If the PC’s COM port is a DB-9  
connector, wire the cable according to Figure 2-12. A snap-on  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
2-7  
Figure 2-13 RFI choke data.  
RFI choke such as Steward PN: 28B2025-0A0 should be used  
Not using an RFI  
at the ISP-100 end of the cable. See Figures 2-13 and 2-16, and  
Table 2-1 for more information.  
choke while using the  
front panel serial port  
could cause increased  
interference with other  
devices and void the  
FCC compliance.  
Rear Panel RS-232  
Figure 2-14 RJ-45 to DB-25.  
Figure 2-15 RJ-45 to DB-9.  
The serial port selector switch should be set in the up position. If  
the PC’s COM port is a DB-25 connector, wire the cable  
according to Figure 2-14. If the PC’s COM port is a DB-9  
connector, wire the cable according to Figure 2-15. No RFI  
choke is needed. See Figure 2-16 and Table 2-1 for more  
information.  
Connections Over 50 Feet  
The EIA specifications for RS-232 communications allow for  
connections up to 50 feet. For longer connections, the RS-232  
signals must be converted to a standard, such as RS-485, that is  
tolerant of long distances. The converter on the PC end of the  
connection can be PC powered, but the converter at the ISP-100  
end of the connection must have its own power supply. Before  
buying converters please contact TELEX Communications, Inc.  
for an application note on this topic.  
RS-232 cable runs  
over 50 feet could  
cause unreliable  
communications. It is  
better to use RS-485  
converters for  
connections over 50  
feet. Be sure to read  
the application note on  
this topic before  
buying converters.  
Setup & Installation  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
2-8  
The RS-232  
standard is very  
common to  
computer controlled  
devices. Table 2-1  
and Figure 2-16 can  
help you decipher  
the RS-232  
Table 2-1 RS-232 signal pinouts for RJ-45, DB-9, and DB-25 connectors.  
interfaces of many  
devices.  
Figure 2-16 Connector pinouts.  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
2-9  
General Purpose Inputs (GPI)  
If a permanent  
contact closure is  
used, the ISP-100  
will remember the  
QuickSET selected  
even if the AC power  
fails.  
Figure 2-17 GPI connector pinout.  
Dry (i.e. switch) or electronic (i.e. open collector) contact closure  
should be sufficient. The closure can be either momentary (10 ms  
minimum duration) or continuous. Connect the desired input (1-8)  
through the contact closure to common (9). See Figure 2-17 for more  
information.  
Master Sync Input  
Figure 2-18 BNC cable example.  
Synchronizing to an external clock source requires RG-58 or other  
suitable 50Ω cable terminated with a BNC connector. A precision  
(±5 ppm) clock source of 12.288 MHz, 6.144MHz, or 3.072 MHz is  
supported. The Master Clock Input must be set to external from the  
Properties for Merlin ISP-100 panel in the VUE-IT software. See  
Figure 2-18 and page 7-6 of this manual for more information.  
Setup & Installation  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
2-10  
THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK  
INTENTIONALLY  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
3-1  
TROUBLESHOOTING  
> > > CAUTION < < <  
NO USER SERVICEABLE PARTS INSIDE. HAZARDOUS  
VOLTAGES AND CURRENTS MAY BE ENCOUNTERED WITHIN  
THE CHASSIS. TO AVOID ELECTRICAL SHOCK DO NOT  
PERFORM ANY SERVICING OTHER THAN THAT CONTAINED  
IN THESE OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS.  
User Modifications  
Modifications to Merlin products are not recommended. Such  
modifications shall be at the sole expense of the person(s) or company  
responsible, and any damage resulting from said modifications shall not  
be covered under warranty or otherwise.  
User modifications  
void the warranty.  
In Case of Problems  
Check the following items:  
Verify that the unit is properly connected to an AC power source  
and the source is active.  
Check the fuse.  
Verify that the input connections are properly made.  
Verify that the output connections are properly made.  
Make sure the output relay indicators are green.  
Check the input and output cables for proper wiring and  
continuity.  
WARNING:  
Make sure the power  
is disconnected from  
the unit before  
checking the fuse.  
Check the signal source(s).  
Check the connection between the computer and the ISP-100 if  
a computer is being used.  
Check the GPI connections if the GPI is being used.  
Troubleshooting  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
3-2  
Diagnostics  
Table 3-1 LED diagnostic messages.  
The ISP-100 was designed with built-in diagnostics that activate when  
power is applied to the unit. During the power-up cycle, the ISP-100  
performs several self-checks. The ISP-100 also will report problems, as  
they happen, while the unit is running. The diagnostic messages are  
communicated through the front panel LEDs. Refer to Table 3-1 for a list  
of common LED conditions and corresponding diagnostic messages.  
Factory Default Mode  
A yellow host LED indicates factory default mode. This mode usually  
results from either an OS update or memory erasure. When in this  
mode a default QuickMAP and QuickSET are loaded that prevents the  
unit from passing damaging signals. The QuickMAP configures the  
ISP-100 as a straight through processor with high pass filters on the  
outputs. The corner frequencies of the high pass filters are set to  
20 kHz.  
Note that when the  
factory default  
QuickMAP is loaded  
one or more slot  
LEDs may blink  
yellow. This is normal  
operation and not  
an error.  
To enter factory default mode, hold in the default switch (see Figure  
2-1, item 6) while turning on the power. Continue to hold in the switch  
until the front panel LEDs turn red and begin to rotate.  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
3-3  
Retrieving Version Numbers  
Figure 3-1 About VUE-IT dialog  
Application, OS, and DSP version numbers can be obtained by clicking  
on the Help menu and then selecting the About entry. See Figure 3-1. If  
an ISP-100 is not online, only the application version number will be  
reported.  
Retrieving Serial Numbers  
Figure 3-2 Properties dialog.  
Clicking on the star icon in the Project Manager and then clicking on the  
Properties button will reveal the ISP-100’s serial number. See Figure  
3-2.  
Troubleshooting  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
3-4  
Changing the Fuse  
WARNING:  
The universal switching power supply in the ISP-100 adapts to input  
voltages from 90 to 264 VAC, 50/60 Hz. To reduce risk of fire, replace  
only with same type fuse. The fuse holder is located under the security  
cover on the front panel.  
Disconnect AC power  
before changing the  
fuse. Failure to do so  
could result in a shock  
hazard.  
The fuse is a standard 20mm X 5mm European type. The values used  
are as follows:  
WARNING:  
All countries using 220/240 VAC, except Australia, use a ½ A slow-blow  
fuse.  
Failure to install the  
proper fuse could  
result in damage to the  
unit, property, and loss  
of life.  
Schurter P/N: 0001.2501  
Telex P/N: 51-04-052488  
All countries using 100/120 VAC and Australia use a 1 A slow-blow fuse.  
Schurter P/N: 0001.2504  
Telex P/N: 51-04-051487  
Changing the Battery  
Figure 3-3 Battery/module removal tool.  
The memory backup battery located under the security cover on the front  
panel has an expected life of four years. If the Host LED is blinking the  
battery needs to be changed.  
Leave the AC power  
connected and the  
ISP-100 turned on  
when changing a  
failed battery.  
Failure to do so will  
result in loss of  
data.  
CAUTION: The battery used in this device may present a risk of fire or  
chemical burn if mistreated. Do not recharge, disassemble, heat above  
212°F (100°C) or incinerate. Replace battery with Renata CR2450N or  
MERLIN 40-02-052055 only. Use of another battery may present a risk of  
fire or explosion.  
Be sure to change the battery with the unit on. If the unit is turned off, all  
of the setup information stored in the ISP-100 will be lost (i.e. the unit will  
return to factory default mode).  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
3-5  
Saving the ISP-100  
configuration data  
to disk will guard  
against the loss of  
data in the event AC  
power fails before a  
failed battery has  
been changed.  
Caution: Use only the tool attached to the inside of the security cover to  
change the battery. The tool is black anodized so it will not short out the  
battery or anything else. DO NOT under any circumstance use pliers to  
grip the battery. Doing so could cause damage. See Figure 3-3.  
Replace the battery with a Renata CR2450N battery. Replacement  
battery/module removal tools as well as replacement batteries are  
available from Telex. Their part numbers are:  
Battery/Module Removal Tool  
Replacement Battery  
40-04-052619  
40-02-052055  
Dispose of used battery promptly. Keep away from children. Do not  
disassemble and do not dispose of in fire.  
Denmark  
Advarsel!  
Lithiumbatteri. Eksplosionsfare ved feijlagtig handtering.  
af samme fabrikat og type.  
Lever det brugte batteri tilbage till leverandoren.  
FINLAND  
VAROITUS: Paristo voi rajahtaa, jos se on virheellisesti  
asennettu. Vaihda paristo ainoastaan valmistajan  
suosittelemaan tyyppun. Havita kaytetty paristo valmistajan  
ohjeiden mukaisesti.  
VARNING: Explosionsfara vid felaktigt batteribyte. Anvand  
samma batterityp eller en eller en ekvivalent typ som  
rekommenderas av tillverkaren. Kassera anvant batteri enligt  
fabrikantens instruktion.  
SWEDEN  
VARNING:  
Felaktigt batteribyte kan medfora fara for explosion. Anvand  
darfor endast samma typ eller likvardig typ enligt  
apparattillverkarens rekommendation.  
Kassera forbrukade batterier enligt tillverkarens anvisning.  
Troubleshooting  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
3-6  
Technical Support  
Technical questions should be directed to:  
Customer Service Department - Merlin  
Telex Communications, Inc.  
9600 Aldrich Avenue South  
Minneapolis, MN 55420 U.S.A.  
Telephone: (612) 884-4051  
Fax: (612) 884-0043  
Helpful Information  
Be prepared to provide the following information (if possible):  
1. A detailed description of the problem.  
2. QuickMAP being used.  
3. Serial Number(s)  
4. Version numbers for application, OS, and DSP software.  
5. Front panel LED information.  
6. PC operating system used.  
7. COM port used.  
8. PC type and amount of memory installed.  
Procedure for Returns  
If a repair is necessary, contact the dealer where this unit was  
purchased.  
If repair through the dealer is not possible, obtain a RETURN  
AUTHORIZATION from:  
Customer Service Department  
Telex Communications, Inc.  
Telephone: 1-800-828-6107 or (612) 884-4051  
Fax: 1-800-323-0498 or (612) 884-0043  
DO NOT RETURN ANY EQUIPMENT DIRECTLY TO THE FACTORY  
WITHOUT FIRST OBTAINING A RETURN AUTHORIZATION.  
Be prepared to provide the company name, address, phone number, a  
person to contact regarding the repair, the type and quantity of  
equipment, a description of the problem and the serial number(s).  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
3-7  
Save the box the  
ISP-100 was  
shipped in. It makes  
a convenient way to  
package a repair  
unit.  
Shipping to Manufacturer for Repair or Adjustment  
All shipments of Merlin products should be made via United Parcel  
Service or the best available shipper prepaid. The equipment should be  
shipped in the original packing carton; if that is not available, use any  
suitable container that is rigid and of adequate size. If a substitute  
container is used, the equipment should be wrapped in paper and  
surrounded with at least four inches of excelsior or similar shock-  
absorbing material. All shipments must be sent to the following address  
and must include the Return Authorization.  
Factory Service department  
Telex Communications, Inc.  
st  
West 1 Street  
Blue Earth, MN 56013 U.S.A.  
Upon completion of any repair the equipment will be returned via United  
Parcel Service or specified shipper collect.  
Troubleshooting  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
3-8  
THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK  
INTENTIONALLY  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
4-1  
SPECIFICATIONS  
Components  
Compressor  
Property  
Range  
in/out  
Default  
out  
Fine  
n/a  
Coarse  
n/a  
Bypass  
Threshold  
-60 dB to 0 dB  
1.2:1 to 24:1  
20 msec to 50 ms  
20 msec to 5 sec  
20 msec to 5 sec  
0.00 to 1.00  
0 dB  
1.2:1  
20 msec  
5000 ms  
50 ms  
.70  
.5 dB  
n/a  
.02 ms  
1 ms  
1 ms  
.01  
3 dB  
n/a  
1 ms  
100 ms  
100 ms  
.05  
Compression Ratio  
Attack Time  
Release Time  
Detection Window  
Crest Factor  
Knee  
hard/soft  
hard  
n/a  
n/a  
Sidechain Channel  
self, max of both, or  
sidechain  
depends  
n/a  
n/a  
Crossover  
Property  
Slope  
Range  
6,12,18,24  
Default  
12  
Fine  
n/a  
Coarse  
n/a  
Class  
Bessel, Butterworth,  
or Linkwitz-Riley  
20 Hz to 20 kHz  
+0 dB to -96 dB  
+/-  
Butterworth  
n/a  
n/a  
Cutoff Frequency  
Gain  
Absolute Polarity  
Depends  
0 dB  
+
1/12 Oct.  
0.5 dB  
n/a  
1/3 Oct.  
1 dB  
n/a  
Delay*  
Property  
Delay  
Range  
0 ms to 2.7 s  
Default  
0 ms  
Fine  
.02 ms  
Coarse  
1 ms  
Dither  
Property  
Bypass  
Level  
Range  
in/out  
16 to 24 bits  
Default  
out  
20 bits  
Fine  
n/a  
1 bit  
Coarse  
n/a  
1 bit  
Gain**  
Property  
Input Gain  
Mute  
Range  
+18 dB to -96 dB  
on/off  
Default  
0 dB  
off  
Fine  
0.5 dB  
n/a  
Coarse  
1 dB  
n/a  
Absolute Polarity  
+/-  
+
n/a  
n/a  
Gate  
Property  
Bypass  
Range  
in/out  
Default  
out  
Fine  
n/a  
Coarse  
n/a  
Threshold  
-60 dB to 0 dB  
0d B to -100 dB  
20 msec to 50 ms  
20 msec to 5 sec  
20 msec to 5 sec  
self, max of both, or  
sidechain  
-60 dB  
0 dB  
.02  
5000 ms  
50 ms  
depends  
.5 dB  
.5 dB  
.02 ms  
1 ms  
1 ms  
n/a  
3 dB  
3 dB  
1 ms  
100 ms  
100 ms  
n/a  
Attenuation  
Attack Time  
Release Time  
Detection Window  
Key Channel  
* Depends on QuickMAP selected.  
** In digital domain.  
Specifications  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
4-2  
Limiter  
Property  
Bypass  
Range  
in/out  
Default  
out  
Fine  
n/a  
Coarse  
n/a  
Threshold  
Attack Time  
Release Time  
Detection Window  
Crest Factor  
-60 dB to 0 dB  
20 msec to 50 ms  
20 msec to 5 sec  
20 msec to 5 sec  
0.00 to 1.00  
0 dB  
.5 dB  
.02 ms  
1 ms  
1 ms  
.01  
3 dB  
1 ms  
100 ms  
100 ms  
.05  
.02 ms  
5000 ms  
50 ms  
.70  
Knee  
hard/soft  
hard  
n/a  
n/a  
Sidechain Channel  
self, max of both, or  
sidechain  
depends  
n/a  
n/a  
Filters  
Property  
Bypass  
Range  
in/out  
Default  
out  
Fine  
n/a  
Coarse  
n/a  
Absolute Polarity  
Gain Trim  
+/-  
+
0 dB  
n/a  
.1 dB  
n/a  
1 dB  
+12 dB to -12 dB  
LowPass Filter  
Property  
Slope  
Range  
6,12  
Default  
12  
Fine  
n/a  
Coarse  
n/a  
Cutoff Frequency  
Class  
20 Hz to 20 kHz  
Bessel, Butterworth,  
or Linkwitz-Riley  
20  
1/12 Oct.  
n/a  
1/3 Oct.  
n/a  
Butterworth  
HighPass Filter  
Property  
Slope  
Range  
6,12  
Default  
12  
Fine  
n/a  
Coarse  
n/a  
Cutoff Frequency  
Class  
20 Hz to 20 kHz  
Bessel, Butterworth,  
or Linkwitz-Riley  
20  
1/12 Oct.  
n/a  
1/3 Oct.  
n/a  
Butterworth  
AllPass Filter  
Property  
Cutoff Frequency  
Filter Order  
Range  
20 Hz to 20 kHz  
1,2  
Default  
Fine  
1/12 Oct.  
n/a  
Coarse  
1/3 Oct.  
n/a  
20  
2
LowShelf Filter  
Property  
Slope  
Range  
6,12  
Default  
12  
Fine  
n/a  
Coarse  
n/a  
Cutoff Frequency  
Boost/Cut  
20 Hz to 20k Hz  
+12 dB to -12 dB  
20  
0 dB  
1/12 Oct.  
.1 dB  
1/3 Oct.  
1 dB  
HighShelf Filter  
Property  
Slope  
Range  
6,12  
Default  
12  
Fine  
n/a  
Coarse  
n/a  
Cutoff Frequency  
Boost/Cut  
20 Hz to 20 kHz  
+12 dB to -12 dB  
20  
0 dB  
1/12 Oct.  
.1 dB  
1/3 Oct.  
1 dB  
Notch Filter  
Property  
Center Frequency  
Cut  
Range  
Default  
20  
0 dB  
1.0  
Fine  
1/12 Oct.  
1 dB  
Coarse  
1/3 Oct.  
6 dB  
20 Hz to 20 kHz  
0 dB to -50dB  
.08 to 1.0 octaves  
Bandwidth  
.01 Oct.  
.1 Oct.  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
4-3  
PEQ  
Property  
Center Frequency  
Boost/Cut  
Range  
Default  
20  
0 dB  
1.0  
Fine  
1/12 Oct.  
.1 dB  
Coarse  
1/3 Oct.  
1 dB  
20 Hz to 20 kHz  
+12 dB to -12 dB  
0.08 to 3.0 octaves  
Bandwidth  
1/12 Oct.  
1/3 Oct.  
Combine  
Property  
Range  
+0 dB to -96 dB  
+/-  
+0 dB to -96 dB  
+/-  
Default  
0 dB  
+
0 dB  
+
Fine  
.5 dB  
n/a  
.5 dB  
n/a  
Coarse  
1 dB  
n/a  
1 dB  
n/a  
Channel “1” Entry Gain  
Channel “1” Entry Polarity  
Channel “2” Entry Gain  
Channel “2” Entry Polarity  
Input  
Property  
Left Gain (A)  
Right Gain (B)  
Left Pad (A)  
Right Pad (B)  
Range  
0,2,4,8 dB  
0,2,4,8 dB  
-20 dB  
Default  
0 dB  
0 dB  
Off  
Fine  
n/a  
n/a  
n/a  
n/a  
Coarse  
n/a  
n/a  
n/a  
n/a  
-20 dB  
Off  
Output  
Property  
Left Gain (A)  
Right Gain (B)  
Left Mute (A)  
Right Mute (B)  
Relay Mute  
Range  
-8,-6,-4,0,8 dB  
-8,-6,-4,0,8 dB  
on/off  
Default  
0 dB  
0 dB  
off  
Fine  
n/a  
n/a  
n/a  
n/a  
Coarse  
n/a  
n/a  
n/a  
n/a  
on/off  
on/off  
off  
ISP-100 Component Plots  
Compressor  
Limiter  
AP is a trademark of AudioPrecision, Inc.  
Specifications  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
4-4  
Gate  
Linkwitz-Riley 3-way Crossover  
Parametric Equalizer Filter  
Shelving Filter  
Notch Filter  
Peaked HighPass Filter  
AP is a trademark of Audio Precision, Inc.  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
4-5  
System Measurements  
System Frequency Response  
System Noise Floor  
System THD+N  
AP is a trademark of Audio Precision, Inc.  
Specifications  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
4-6  
MIM-1 & MIM-2* Analog Input Modules  
Power  
Symbol  
Description  
Minimum  
17.50  
-17.50  
Typical  
18.00  
-18.00  
Maximum  
20.00  
-20.00  
Units  
volts  
volts  
volts  
milliamps  
milliamps  
milliamps  
VA18P  
VA18M  
VD5P  
IA18P  
IA18M  
ID5P  
positive analog supply voltage  
negative analog supply voltage  
positive digital supply voltage  
positive analog supply current  
negative analog supply current  
positive digital supply current  
4.75  
5.00  
5.50  
77(43.7)  
72(41.6)  
113(114)  
81(46.0)  
76(43.75)  
123(124)  
85(48.3)  
80(46.0)  
133(134)  
Performance  
Symbol  
THD+N  
IMD  
Description  
Minimum  
Typical  
0.003(0.002)  
0.004  
0.003  
110  
-100  
20(24)  
+0.01, - 0.1  
Maximum  
0.007(0.006)  
0.007  
0.006  
107  
Units  
%
%
%
dBu  
dB  
bits  
dB  
WST  
MHz  
kHz  
Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise  
Intermodulation Distortion1  
Dynamic Intermodulation Distortion2  
Noise Floor3  
DIM  
Channel Crosstalk  
Resolution  
-80  
N
Frequency Response  
+.02, -0.15  
Delay4  
18 (38.7)  
12.283  
47.98  
MCLK+  
WST+  
Master Clock  
Word Clock  
12.288  
48.000  
12.292  
48.02  
Oversampling  
64X(128X)  
Stopband Attenuation  
Maximum Input Level5  
Interchannel Phase Deviation6  
Common Mode Rejection  
Gain Accuracy7  
100(110)  
26  
dB  
30  
0.5  
52  
±0.05  
12000  
75  
32  
1.0  
40  
±0.25  
13500  
100  
80  
dBu  
degrees  
dB  
dB  
ohms  
°F  
CMRR  
Z
Input Impedance8  
11000  
50  
20  
in  
Operating Temperature  
Operating Humidity  
50  
%
Miscellaneous  
Overall Size:9  
8.40” long by 2.55” wide by 1.50” high  
4.0 ounces  
Weight:  
Synchronous Sampling:  
Input connector:  
Mating connector:  
Internal connector:  
XLR pinout:  
Serial Interface:  
Clock Mode:  
Digital Power Down:  
Analog Gain:  
Multiple cards can be synchronized via DPD signal on connector  
3 Pin standard female XLR  
3 Pin standard male XLR  
48 pin standard female “F” size per DIN 41 612  
Pin 1 – shield, Pin 2 – positive signal, Pin 3 – negative signal  
Master or slave, selectable via SPI control I/F.  
256 or 384 times sample rate, selectable via SPI control I/F.  
Selectable via SPI control I/F.  
Selectable: 0, -20, -18, -16, -12, 2, 4, 8 dB.  
Notes  
(Unless otherwise specified measurements are at unity gain with +16 dBu signal.  
1 Unity gain, SMPTE 4:1, 60 Hz & 7 kHz sine waves.  
2 Unity gain, DIM30 4:1, 3.15 kHz SQ wave & 15 kHz sine wave, 30 kHz LPF.  
3 Power spectral density.  
4 Group Delay inherent in conversion process. WST=1/48 kHz  
5 20 dB pad engaged.  
6 Maximum levels are differential and balanced. Limit set by protection circuit.  
7 Relative to unity gain, 1 kHz.  
8 Electronically balanced, RF surpressed, differential impedance 20- 20kHz.  
9 Maximum dimensions: dominated by panel size for height and width.  
* MIM-2 differences parenthetically noted.  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
4-7  
MOM-1 Analog Output Module  
Power  
Symbol  
VA18P  
VA18M  
VD5P  
Description  
Minimum  
17.50  
-17.50  
4.75  
92  
47  
Typical  
18.00  
-18.00  
5.00  
96  
Maximum  
20.00  
-20.00  
5.50  
100  
55  
Units  
volts  
volts  
volts  
milliamps  
milliamps  
milliamps  
positive analog supply voltage  
negative analog supply voltage  
positive digital supply voltage  
positive analog supply current  
negative analog supply current  
positive digital supply current  
IA18P  
IA18M  
ID5P  
51  
124  
114  
134  
Performance  
Symbol  
THD+N  
IMD  
Description  
Minimum  
Typical  
0.003  
0.004  
0.003  
110  
-100  
20  
+0.1, - 0.5  
Maximum  
0.007  
0.007  
0.006  
107  
Units  
%
%
%
dBu  
dB  
bits  
dB  
WST  
MHz  
kHz  
Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise  
Intermodulation Distortion1  
Dynamic Intermodulation Distortion2  
Noise Floor  
DIM  
Channel Crosstalk  
Resolution  
-80  
N
Frequency Response  
+.2, -1.0  
Delay3  
25  
12.283  
47.98  
MCLK+  
WST+  
Master Clock  
Word Clock  
12.288  
48.000  
128X  
12.292  
48.02  
Oversampling  
Stopband Attenuation  
Maximum Output Level4  
Interchannel Phase Deviation  
Output Balance  
75  
21  
dB  
26  
dBu  
degrees  
dB  
dB  
ohms  
°F  
0.5  
0.5  
±0.05  
600  
75  
1.0  
Gain Accuracy5  
±0.25  
606  
100  
80  
Z
Output Impedance6  
Operating Temperature  
Operating Humidity  
594  
50  
20  
out  
50  
%
Miscellaneous  
Overall Size:  
8.40” long by 2.55” wide by 1.50” high  
Weight:  
4.3 ounces  
Input connector:  
Mating connector:  
Internal connector:  
XLR pinout:  
De-emphasis:  
Relay mute:  
3 Pin standard male XLR  
3 Pin standard female XLR  
48 pin standard female “F” size per DIN 41 612  
Pin 1 – shield, Pin 2 – positive signal, Pin 3 – negative signal  
48 kHz de-emphasis, selectable via SPI control I/F.  
Left and right output relay mute, selectable via SPI control I/F.  
Left and right individually or group selectable via SPI control I/F.  
DAC mute:  
Serial Data Interface:  
Analog Gain:  
7 formats available, selectable via SPI control I/F.  
Selectable: 0, -8, -6, -4, 8 dB via SPI control I/F.  
7
Notes  
1 Unity gain, SMPTE 4:1, 60 Hz & 7 kHz sine waves.  
2 Unity gain, DIM30 4:1, 3.15 kHz SQ wave & 15 kHz sine wave, 30 kHz LPF.  
3 Group Delay inherent in conversion process. WST=1/48 kHz  
4 Minimum levels are single ended, maximum levels are differential and balanced. Bridging load.  
5 Relative to unity gain, 1 kHz.  
6 Electronically balanced, RF surpressed, differential impedance 20- 20kHz.  
Specifications  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
4-8  
MDM-1 AES/EBU Digital I/O Module  
Power  
Symbol  
Description  
Minimum  
17.50  
Typical  
18.00  
Not Used  
5.00  
Maximum  
20.00  
Units  
Volts  
Volts  
Volts  
mA  
VA18P  
VA18M  
VD5P  
IA18P  
IA18M  
ID5P  
Pos Analog Supply Voltage  
Neg Analog Supply Voltage  
Pos Digital Supply Voltage  
Pos Analog Supply Current  
Neg Analog Supply Current  
Pos Digital Supply Current  
4.75  
8
5.50  
10  
9
Not Used  
155  
mA  
mA  
122  
168  
Performance  
(Sample Rate Converter Engaged)1  
Symbol  
Description  
Minimum  
Typical  
Maximum  
Units  
F
Sample Rate for Digital  
32  
48  
>54  
kHz  
Input Data2  
s
THD+N  
IMD  
Total Harmonic Distortion  
plus Noise3 (RELATIVE)  
Intermodulation Distortion4  
(SMPTE 4:1)  
0.00002  
0.00016  
TBD  
415  
%
%
Jitter in Output Clock5  
(700 Hz - 100KhZ)  
Tolerable Jitter in Input  
Clock before Loss of Lock6  
Resolution (input)7  
Resolution (output)8  
Frequency Response9  
Dynamic Range10  
pS  
nS  
90  
4
24  
20  
24  
+/-0.01  
120  
bits  
bits  
dB  
dB  
dBFS  
WST+  
periods  
Degrees  
24  
117  
Noise Floor11  
-117  
Delay through transmitter12  
43  
/
64  
Interchannel Phase Deviation13  
Sample Rate Converter  
Reference Clock Source14  
Master Clock  
0
MCLK/2  
4.333  
TBD  
6.144  
12.288  
(MCLK+)/256  
(MCLK+)/256  
(MCLK+)/4  
(MCLK+)/4  
6.667  
TBD  
MHz  
MHz  
Hz  
Hz  
Hz  
MCLK+  
WSR+  
WST+  
SCKR+  
SCKT+  
Receive Word Clock15  
Transmit Word Clock16  
Receive Bit Clock17  
Transmit Bit Clock18  
Hz  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
4-9  
Performance  
(Sample Rate Converter bypassed)  
Symbol  
Description  
Minimum  
Typical  
Maximum  
Units  
F
Sample Rate for Digital  
TBD  
48  
96  
kHz  
Input Data19  
s
THD+N  
IMD  
Total Harmonic Distortion  
plus Noise20 (RELATIVE)  
Intermodulation Distortion21  
(SMPTE 4:1)  
0.00002  
0
%
%
Jitter in Output Clock  
Tolerable Jitter in Input  
Clock before Loss of Lock22  
Resolution (input)  
Resolution (output)  
Frequency Response23  
Dynamic Range24  
415  
35  
pS  
nS  
24  
24  
24  
24  
+/-0  
bits  
bits  
dB  
24  
Equal to Dynamic Range  
of input signal  
Equal to Noise Floor  
of input signal  
2
dB  
Noise Floor25  
dB  
Delay through receiver26  
Delay through transmitter27  
Interchannel Phase Deviation28  
Master Clock29  
WSR+periods  
WST+periods  
Degrees  
MHz  
Hz  
Hz  
Hz  
Hz  
Ohms  
Ohms  
43  
/
64  
0
MCLK+  
WSR+  
WST+  
SCKR+  
SCKT+  
Z
TBD  
12.288  
24.576  
Receive Word Clock30  
Transmit Word Clock31  
Receive Bit Clock32  
(MCLK+)/256  
(MCLK+)/256  
(MCLK+)/4  
(MCLK+)/4  
110  
Transmit Bit Clock33  
Input Impedance  
Zin  
Output Impedance  
110  
out  
Miscellaneous  
Overall Size:  
8.40" long by 2.55" wide by 1.50" high  
Weight:  
3.8 Ounces  
Input Connector:  
Output Connector:  
XLR pinout:  
3 Pin standard female XLR  
3 Pin standard male XLR  
Pin 1 shield, Pin 2 positive input, Pin 3 negative input.  
Input Data Format:  
AES/EBU (AES3) Professional and S/PDIF. (IEC958) Consumer data formats are automatically identified and  
correctly decoded.  
Output Data Format:  
De-emphasis:  
AES/EBU Professional, regardless of input data format.  
Not implemented; emphasis information from Channel Status Bits is relayed to host via Serial Peripheral  
Interface (SPI).  
Mutes:  
Linked Left and Right input mute selectable via SPI control; linked Left and Right output mute selectable via  
SPI control.  
Serial Data Interface:  
TBD  
Synchronous Sampling:  
Multiple outputs may be synchronized via DPDB signal on connector. MDM-1 transmitter is slaved to MCLK+,  
WST+, and SCKT+ signals. MDM-1 receiver may be configured as Master, to generate MCLK+ (via AES_CLK),  
WSR+, and SCKR+ signals derived from input data stream, or as Slave, to receive WSR+ and SCKR+ signals  
from card-edge connector, either with or without the Sample Rate Converter. With sample rate converter  
engaged, the MDM-1 cannot be configured as the master.  
Unless otherwise noted:  
Signal measurements are at unity gain, +16 dBu and 20 Hz to 20 kHz bandwidth.  
Power measurements are quiescent.  
Operating temperature with non condensing humidity  
Specifications  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
4-10  
Notes  
1 Per Analog Devices AD1890 data sheet, where applicable.  
2 With 6.144 MHz MCLK/2 input.  
3 20 Hz to 20 kHz, full-scale input, through sample rate converter, to output via passthrough.  
4 From input, through sample rate converter, to output via passthrough.  
5 When installed in ISP-100.  
6 When installed in ISP-100.  
7 Input samples longer than 20 bits are truncated to 20 bits.  
8 Least four significant bits are zero filled.  
9 DC to 20 kHz input, through sample rate converter, to output via passthrough.  
10 20 Hz to 20 kHz, -60 dB input, through sample rate converter, to output via passthrough.  
11 From input, through sample rate converter, to output via passthrough.  
12 From SDO0 pin on card connector, through transmitter, to output. The fractional-sample delay is inherent in the Crystal CS8404transmitter.  
13 From input, through sample rate converter, to output via passthrough.  
14 Frequency is tripled by a PLL on the MDM-1 before being applied to the sample rate converter.  
15 Must be derived from MCLK+.  
16 Must be derived from MCLK+.  
17 Must be derived from MCLK+.  
18 Must be derived from MCLK+.  
19 Must be nominally 48 kHz when installed in ISP-100.  
20 From input to output via passthrough.  
21 From input to output via passthrough.  
22 When installed in ISP-100.  
23 DC to Fs/2.  
24 From input to output via passthrough.  
25 From input to output via passthrough.  
26 From input, through receiver, to SDI0 pin on card connector.  
27 From SDO0 pin on card connector, through transmitter, to output. The fractional-sample delay is inherent in the Crystal CS8404transmitter.  
28 From input to output via passthrough.  
29 Must be Fs x 256.  
30 Must be derived from MCLK+.  
31 Must be derived from MCLK+.  
32 Must be derived from MCLK+.  
33 Must be derived from MCLK+.  
Physical  
Height  
1.75 inches (44.5 mm)  
Width  
19.0 inches (483 mm)  
Depth  
14.5 inches+0.5” (368 mm + 12.7 mm) for protrusions  
Weight  
Approx.12.9 lbs. (5.9 kg)  
Included Accessories  
IEC power cord, user’s manual, software, spare fuse  
Power  
Universal AC input voltage  
90-264 VAC; 50-60 Hz; 35 W Maximum  
Internal Power Supply Sync. Frequency - 153.6 kHz  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
5-1  
INSTALLING VUE-IT™  
Minimum System Requirements  
CPU: Pentium® processor.  
OS: Microsoft® Windows 3.1x, Windows 95, or Windows 98  
Memory: 8MB RAM  
VUE-IT is currently  
not available for  
Windows NT.  
Hard Drive: 5MB of available space (beyond swap file needs)  
Disk Drive: 3.5 inch high-density  
Monitor: 640X480, 256 color  
Pointing Device: mouse or other Windows compatible pointing device  
Communications: free COM port (1-4) with 16550 UART  
Identifying a Serial Port  
The ISP-100 requires a serial port to communicate with the PC. You  
must determine if you have a free 16550 serial port on the PC you intend  
to use with the ISP-100. You can do this by looking at the back of the  
computer for an empty 9-pin D-sub male (DB-9) or a 25-pin D-sub male  
(DB-25) connector. If you are unable to find an available serial port, then  
you must either disconnect a device from one of the ports that is  
currently being used, or install an additional serial port.  
If you are unfamiliar with this, please contact your local computer dealer  
for assistance.  
NOTE: It may be necessary to remove device drivers attached to serial  
ports in Windows 95. A good example of this would be a device driver  
for an external modem. This will eliminate the possibility of a software  
conflict between the VUE-IT software and other device drivers.  
Loading the Software  
Leaving programs  
running while trying  
to install VUE-IT  
could cause  
1. Close all programs before beginning installation.  
2. Insert the disk labeled “VUE-IT FOR THE ISP-100” into your 3.5-inch  
floppy drive.  
problems.  
3. Windows 95 users should click on the Start button and select Run.  
4. Windows 3.1x users should click on File and select Run.  
5. Type “A:\setup.exe” (Substitute the appropriate drive letter for your  
system.)  
6. Click on the OK button and follow the instructions as they appear on  
the screen.  
7. Reboot the computer.  
Installing VUE-IT™  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
5-2  
Updating the ISP-100’s Operating System  
Figure 5-1 OS mismatch dialog.  
Figure 5-2 OS download request dialog.  
The updating of the operating system contained in the ISP-100’s flash  
memory is usually required after loading a new version of VUE-IT on the  
computer. A dialog box such as those in Figures 5-1 and 5-2 usually  
indicates this.  
The procedure is as follows:  
1. Make sure both the computer and the ISP-100 are both turned off.  
2. Connect the computer to the ISP-100.  
3. Hold in the default switch located to the left of the power switch and turn  
on the ISP-100. Continue to hold in the default switch until the LEDs turn  
red and begin rotating. See Figure 2-1 item 6.  
4. Turn on the computer and start the VUE-IT software. You should see a  
dialog box similar to that in Figure 5-2.  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
5-3  
Figure 5-3 Open OS file dialog.  
5. Download the OS software file you need via the application when  
prompted. See Figure 5-3 for more information. The default location for OS  
files is “c:\program files\vue-it\isp-100”.  
Figure 5-4 Download progress dialog.  
6. The lights will continue to rotate with only brief pauses. You will also  
see a progress indicator on the PC’s screen similar to the one in Figure  
5-4.  
7. When the download is complete, the ISP-100 will automatically restart.  
Figure 5-5 ISP-100 detected dialog.  
8. Wait for the HOST LED to light yellow and the rest of the LEDs to light  
green. At this point a window similar to the one in Figure 5-5 will appear.  
The ISP-100 is now ready for use.  
Installing VUE-IT™  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
5-4  
Configuring the Software  
Turn on the ISP-100. The power switch is located at the far right under the  
front access panel. This is accomplished by placing the switch in the  
down position. See Figure 2-1 for the location of the power switch.  
Check to make sure that the LEDs light in a percentage complete fashion.  
Launch the VUE-IT application on the PC.  
Figure 5-6 System configuration dialog.  
A dialog box similar to the one in the Figure 5-6 should appear.  
The System Configuration dialog box (see Figure 5-6) allows the user to  
select the serial port used, modify directories used, and enter information  
such as the company’s and designer’s names. It is recommended that  
you do not change the directory names unless you are an experienced  
user and know the implications of doing so. See the entry titled “VUE-IT  
File System” in section 6 for more information. After the proper information  
has been entered or selected, click on the OK button.  
You will not be  
prompted again for  
this information. You  
can change it at any  
time by clicking on  
the Option menu  
and selecting  
Configure.  
Figure 5-7 ISP-100 detected dialog.  
After clicking on the OK button a dialog box like the one in the Figure 5-7  
should appear. Click on the OK button. The ISP-100 and the PC are now  
ready for use together.  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
5-5  
Figure 5-8 ISP-100 not detected dialog.  
If a dialog box like the one in Figure 5-8 appears in place of the one in  
Figure 5-7, the cable connecting the computer to the ISP-100 should be  
checked. If no problem is found there, try selecting a different serial port.  
Figure 5-9 Communications error dialog.  
If a dialog box similar to the one in the Figure 5-9 appears, then a serial  
port that does not exist has been selected. Another serial port must be  
selected.  
You can change the serial port selection at any time by clicking on the  
Option menu and selecting Configure.  
If you continue to have problems please contact Technical Support. See  
section 3 for contact information.  
Installing VUE-IT™  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
5-6  
THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK  
INTENTIONALLY  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
6-1  
GETTING STARTED  
Starting VUE-IT  
Figure 6-1 VUE-IT workspace.  
When VUE-IT is started, you will see a screen similar to the one in Figure  
6-1. The window displayed in Figure 6-1 is the basic environment in which  
all interactions with VUE-IT take place. There are six key features of this  
window that users should be aware of:  
1. Menu Bar - This is where the user will find features that are either  
integral to VUE-IT or standard in windows. When you see a reference to a  
command located under a menu, this is where you should look. Below the  
menu names are short-cut buttons that provide access to common  
commands via a single mouse click. The buttons are (from left to right):  
New Project, Open Project, Save Project, Revert, Scan, Project Manager,  
Help, and Exit.  
2. Work Space - This is where the QuickMAP, Project Manager,  
QuickSET Manager, and component boxes appear. This is the main work  
area for the user.  
3. General Help - This box displays helpful messages about commands  
and functions.  
4. Component/Parameter Type - This box displays the name of the  
component or parameter selected.  
5. Component/Parameter Input Range - This box displays the input  
value range for a component or parameter.  
6. Online/Offline Status - This box displays the status of the connection  
between the ISP-100 and the PC running VUE-IT.  
Getting Started  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
6-2  
Starting a New Project  
Figure 6-2 Create new project dialog.  
To start a new project select New Project from the File menu. A panel  
similar to the one in Figure 6-2 will appear.  
You are allowed to select a name of up to eight characters for the project,  
assign a path for the project to be stored, and create a new subdirectory if  
needed. You also will need to select the method by which the new project  
will be created. To select the method, click on the diamond to the left of  
either the Build from Script or Upload from ISP-100 options. The Build  
from Script option uses files stored on your hard drive to create the  
QuickMAP. The Upload from ISP-100 option creates the QuickMAP  
based on the information stored in an ISP-100 that is connected to the  
PC. When you have given the project a name, assigned a path or  
directory, and selected the creation method, click on the Create button to  
start the project creation process.  
Figure 6-3 QuickMAP selection dialog.  
If the Build from Script option is selected a dialog similar to the one in  
Figure 6-3 will appear. Here you will be able to select the script that will be  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
6-3  
used to create the QuickMAP. The QuickMAPs can be sorted by Name,  
I/O Configuration, Creation Time, and Modification Time. To sort the  
QuickMAPs, click on the heading button of the property you wish to sort  
by (i.e. Name, I/O Configuration, etc.). The first click of the mouse will  
sort the QuickMAPs in ascending order and the second click will sort  
them in descending order.  
If you select the Upload from ISP-100 option there will be a pause while  
the QuickMAP in the ISP-100 is loaded. Using the Upload from ISP-100  
option is a good way to retrieve the settings of an ISP-100 when the  
original project file does not exist. Please note that this feature is NOT  
backward compatible. An ISP-100 with a project created using a previous  
version of VUE-IT will NOT be able to upload the project to your computer.  
Figure 6-4 New project created.  
CAUTION:  
After the QuickMAP has been created three panels will appear on the  
screen. They are: Project Manager, QuickSET Manager, and QuickMAP.  
See Figure 6-4.  
Trying to connect to an  
ISP-100 with a VUE-IT  
version different from  
the one used to create  
the project stored in it is  
not allowed. Do not  
update the OS.  
VUE-IT File System  
When a new project is created a number of files and directories are  
created. By default, the directory structure used by VUE-IT projects is as  
follows:  
Updating the OS will  
erase the project stored  
in the ISP-100. Use the  
version of VUE-IT that  
created the project to  
Upload the project from  
the ISP-100 to the PC  
and save it. Then  
C:\PROGRAM FILES\VUE-IT\ISP-100\PROJECTS\<Directory Name>\<File  
Name>.<Extension>  
The files created by a new project are stored in the project directory. The  
file names are the same as the name given the project when it was  
created. The file name formats are as follows:  
Project File:  
<File Name>.VUE  
update the OS and  
restore the project..  
Project QuickMAP File: <File Name>.QMS  
Project QuickSET File: <File Name>.QM0  
Project GPI Settings:  
<File Name>.GP0  
Getting Started  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
6-4  
Archiving Projects  
To save a project for archival purposes do the following:  
1. Exit VUE-IT.  
2. Save the project directory and the four files mentioned previously to  
the archival media (i.e. floppy disk, zip™ disk, tape, CD, etc...). The  
directory name will usually be the name you assigned the project.  
Mounting Projects  
To install a project from an archive do the following:  
1. Exit VUE-IT.  
2. Create a directory under theC:\PROGRAMS\VUE-IT\ISP-100\PROJECTS\  
directory.  
3. Copy the four files mentioned previously above to the new project  
directory created in step 2.  
4. Restart VUE-IT.  
QuickMAP Template Files  
QuickMAP template files are, by default, located under the following  
directory:  
C:\PROGRAM FILES\VUE-IT\ISP-100\QMAPS\  
The QuickMAP template file location is important to users who either  
have access to QuickMAP creation software or have been sent a new  
QuickMAP not contained in a standard VUE-IT installation.  
Component Directory  
Component files created by the Component Export command and  
used by the Component Import command are, by default, located  
under the following directory:  
C:\PROGRAM FILES\VUE-IT\ISP-100\COMPLIB\  
The files have the same name as the one assigned during export. The  
format of the component file name is as follows:  
<FileName>.CMP  
Operating System (OS) Files  
OS files are loaded into the ISP-100’s flash memory by VUE-IT. For  
the procedure on updating the ISP-100' s OS, see section 5. The OS  
files are, by default, located under the following directory:  
C:\PROGRAM FILES\VUE-IT\ISP-100\  
The format of the OS file name is as follows:  
<File Name>.OSI  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
7-1  
Using VUE-IT  
VUE-IT has a variety of commands available to the user. These commands  
are accessible via the menu items along the top of the VUE-IT workspace  
window.  
File (see Figure 7-1)  
Figure 7-1 File menu.  
New Project - Creates a new project file.  
Open Project - Loads an existing project.  
Save - Saves a project.  
Save as... - Saves an existing project under another name.  
Activate Project Manager - Opens the project manager window after it  
has been closed.  
Activate QuickSET Manager - Opens the QuickSET Manager window  
after it has been closed. This function only works when one or more  
components are open.  
Exit - Shuts the program down.  
The last eight projects used are listed at the bottom of the menu if the  
Most Recently Used files (MRU) option is checked in the Preferences  
panel under the Options Menu. If the project no longer exists you are  
asked if you want to remove the item from the list.  
Using VUE-IT  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
7-2  
Edit (see Figure 7-2)  
Figure 7-2 Edit menu.  
Cut - Removes the selected item(s) and places them on the clipboard.  
Copy - Places a copy of the selected item(s) on the clipboard.  
Paste - Inserts item(s) from the clipboard.  
Tools (see Figure 7-3)  
Figure 7-3 Tools menu.  
Refresh Directories - Updates the directory list for QuickMAP and  
component library files.  
Scan - Looks to see if an ISP-100 is connected to the computer.  
Options (see Figure 7-4)  
Figure 7-4 Options menu.  
Preferences - Allows the user to setup preferences available within  
VUE-IT.  
System Configurations - Allows the user to setup project directories,  
company name, designer’s name, communications settings, etc.  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
7-3  
Window (see Figure 7-5)  
Figure 7-5 Windows menu.  
Cascade - Arranges panels in overlapping layers.  
Tile - Arranges panels side-by-side.  
Arrange Icons - Arranges minimized panels side-by-side.  
Help (see Figure 7-6)  
Figure 7-6 Help menu.  
About - Lists the current application software version, OS version, and  
DSP version if an ISP-100 is connected and online. If an ISP-100 is not  
online, only the application software version will be reported.  
Preferences (see Figure 7-7)  
Figure 7-7 VUE-IT preferences dialog.  
Soft Mute Ramp in Ms  
This sets the amount (0 ms - 1000 ms) of ramp-up and ramp-down  
Using VUE-IT  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
7-4  
there is when changing between QuickSETs or using a GPI mute.  
The total time for ramp-up and ramp-down is twice the time specified.  
(i.e. If 50 ms of time is specified, the ramp-down will be 50 ms and the  
ramp-up will be 50 ms. Thus, the total time between the start of the  
ramp-down to the end of the ramp-up is 100 ms.)  
Display recently opened files in the File Menu  
The check box turns on and off the Most Recently Used files (MRU)  
function. Removing the check mark will disable the function and clear  
the list.  
Open Device Status panel on error  
When a device status message is received, the status panel is  
automatically opened.  
Display QuickMAP pop-up names  
If selected the pop-up component nametags in the QuickMAP layout  
display are shown.  
Display Filter Bandwidth in “Q”  
If the box is checked filter bandwidth to be displayed in terms of Q. If it  
is unchecked bandwidth will be displayed in terms of octave fraction.  
System Configurations (see Figure 7-8)  
Figure 7-8 System configuration dialog.  
New Projects  
This is the directory under which new projects are stored. To modify  
the path, click on the Modify... button located to the right of the  
directory path entry.  
Component Library  
This is the directory under which the component presets are stored.  
To modify the path, click on the Modify... button located to the right of  
the directory path entry.  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
7-5  
QuickMAP Library  
This is the directory under which QuickMAP templates are stored. To  
modify the path, click on the Modify... button located to the right of  
the directory path entry.  
Company Name  
This entry is reserved for possible future use in documenting projects.  
You can enter the company name, but it currently will not be saved in  
a project.  
Designer’s Name  
This entry is reserved for possible future use in documenting projects.  
You can enter your name here, but it currently will not be saved in a  
project.  
Communications  
This list allows you to select which COM port (1-4 and offline) on the  
PC will be used for communications with the ISP-100. Once a new  
COM port is selected you may need to select Scan from the Tools  
menu in order for the software to identify an ISP-100 connected to the  
new COM port.  
Default Preference  
This list is reserved for future program expansion. Via this list you  
would be able to change settings based on a designer’s preferences.  
This would allow for multiple designers using the same program on the  
same PC.  
Project Manager  
Figure 7-9 Project manager dialog.  
The Project Manager (see Figure 7-9) contains information related to the  
project design. Via the manager, the user is able to define GPI inputs,  
configure inputs and outputs, import and export component settings, and  
adjust component settings. In addition to these functions, the user is also  
Using VUE-IT  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
7-6  
able to access ISP-100 statistics such as free memory, number of  
QuickSETs, etc.  
Properties for the ISP-100  
Figure 7-10 ISP-100 properties dialog.  
Properties for the ISP-100 (see Figure 7-10) reports statistics on the  
ISP-100. It is accessed by double clicking on the entry next to the  
star icon (see Figure 7-9), or by clicking on the entry next to the star  
icon (see Figure 7-9) and then clicking on the Properties button in the  
Project Manager.  
Master Clock Selection  
There are four location selections for master clock:  
1. Main Board – no reference frequency. (default).  
2. Slot #1 – 12.288 MHz reference frequency (AES/EBU only).  
3. Slot #2 – 12.288 MHz reference frequency (AES/EBU only).  
4. External Reference – 12.288, 6.144, or 3.072 MHz via  
external input BNC.  
An error will be returned if either slot 1 or slot 2 is selected as the  
clock master while the slot contains a card configured to use the  
sample rate converter (SRC).  
The default clock master is the main board. If the user places an  
AES/EBU card in an input slot the user can manually change the  
clock master to select either the main, external sync, or input  
card slot.  
Input Slot Bit Level  
The input slot bit level can be set to either 20-bit or 24-bit. 20-bit is  
usually associated with consumer grade (SPDIF) digital audio.  
24-bit is usually associated with professional grade (AES/EBU)  
digital audio. However, it is possible to have consumer grade 24-  
bit digital audio. For optimal performance be sure to set the proper  
bit level for the audio data stream.  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
7-7  
Project Properties  
Figure 7-11 Project properties dialog.  
Project properties (see Figure 7-11) provides the user with information  
on the name of the project, project location, and notes related to the  
project. It is accessed by double clicking on the project name entry, or  
by clicking on the project name entry and then clicking on the  
Properties button in the Project Manager.  
QuickMAP Selection  
A QuickMAP is a  
signal processing  
topology used with  
an ISP-100. The  
QuickMAP sets the  
signal paths and  
processing from  
input to output. An  
ISP-100 can hold one  
QuickMAP at a time.  
Figure 7-12 QuickMAP selection dialog.  
QuickMAP Selection (see Figure 7-12) is where a project’s  
QuickMAP is chosen. It appears when the Build From Script option  
is selected when setting up a new project. Here you will be able to  
select the script that will be used to create the QuickMAP. The  
QuickMAPs can be sorted by Name, I/O Configuration, Creation Time,  
and Modification Time. To sort the QuickMAPs, click on the heading  
button of the property you wish to sort by (i.e. Name, I/O  
Using VUE-IT  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
7-8  
Configuration, etc.). The first click of the mouse will sort the  
QuickMAPs in ascending order and the second click will sort them in  
descending order. See section 6 for the location of the QuickMAP  
directory.  
QuickMAP Properties  
Figure 7-12 QuickMAP properties dialog.  
QuickMAP Properties (see Figure 7-13) appear by clicking on the  
QuickMAP entry in the Project Manager and then clicking on the  
Properties button. From this dialog, you can change the QuickMAP  
name. You can also change the names of the input and output labels  
by clicking on either the Inputs or Outputs buttons.  
Component Properties  
Figure 7-14 Component properties dialog.  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
7-9  
Clicking on a component (i.e. Cut, Compressor, Limiter, etc.) in the  
Project Manager (see Figure 7-9) and then clicking on the Properties  
button displays the properties for the selected component.  
Component Properties allow the user to name the component and  
enter notes related to that component. See Figure 7-14.  
Component Export  
Figure 7-15 Component export dialog.  
To export component settings from the Project Manager, click on the  
desired component entry in the Project Manager (see figure 7-9) and  
then click on the Export button. You will then see a dialog box like  
the one in Figure 7-15.  
The Export Component dialog displays currently existing component  
presets’ filenames in the lower left corner of the dialog. These files can  
be sorted by clicking on the Name, Type, and Group heading  
buttons. The first mouse click on one of these buttons will sort the list  
in ascending order and the second click will sort the list in descending  
order.  
The Export Component dialog requires you to supply a name for both  
the component settings and the group to which it is assigned. In  
addition to these entries, you are also allowed to provide a brief  
description of the settings. Once the component name, group, and  
description have been entered, click on the OK button. Clicking on the  
OK button causes the program to create a file holding the component  
settings and description in the COMPLIB directory. The full path to the  
COMPLIB directory is assigned when you first installed VUE-IT. See  
the System Configurations entry for information on changing the  
COMPLIB directory’s path.  
Using VUE-IT  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
7-10  
Component Import  
Figure 7-16 Component import dialog.  
To import component settings from the Project Manager, click on the  
desired component entry in the project manager (see Figure 7-9) and  
then click on the Import button. You will then see a dialog box like  
the one in Figure 7-16.  
The Import Component dialog displays currently existing component  
presets’ filenames in the upper half of the dialog box. These files can  
be sorted by clicking on the Name, Type, Group, and Mod Time  
heading buttons. The first mouse click on one of these buttons will  
sort the list in ascending order and the second click will sort the list in  
descending order.  
The lower half of the dialog box displays notes on the component  
preset currently selected in the upper half of the dialog box.  
QuickSET Manager  
Figure 7-17 QuickSET manager dialog.  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
7-11  
The QuickSET Manager (see Figure 7-17) allows the user to develop and  
manage multiple groups of component settings. The QuickSET Manager  
is opened when a component is opened.  
A QuickSET is made  
up of the settings of  
all of the  
components in a  
QuickMAP. Multiple  
QuickSETs allow  
users to change the  
component settings  
for a QuickMAP.  
QuickSETs can be  
changed without a  
computer by assiging  
a QuickSET to a GPI  
input. When that  
input receives a  
Creating New QuickSETs  
The user can name a group of settings by clicking on the New button  
and then entering the name in the pop-up window and clicking on the  
OK button.  
Deleting QuickSETs  
If at least two QuickSETs exist, the user can delete an inactive one by  
clicking on the Delete button, selecting the QuickSET from the list,  
and then clicking on the OK button.  
Selecting the Active QuickSET  
The user can select a QuickSET from the list of available QuickSETs  
by clicking on the arrow next to the Active QuickSET entry and  
selecting the desired QuickSET from the list.  
contact closure, the  
QuickMAP will change  
its component  
settings to those  
contained in the  
QuickSET assigned  
to the GPI pin.  
Updating a QuickSET  
The user can use the Update button to save changes to a QuickSET  
that has already been created. Using Update overwrites the  
information previously saved in the selected QuickSET.  
Discarding Changes  
The Revert button allows the user to make changes to a QuickSET,  
and then go back to the original settings. This button only works when  
changes have been made and the Update button has not been used.  
GPI  
Figure 7-18 GPI properties dialog.  
Clicking on the GPI entry in the Project Manager and then clicking on the  
Properties button will open the General Purpose Interface (see Figure  
7-18). From this panel you can configure the GPI input pins.  
Configuring Input Pins  
Each input pin can be assigned a command by clicking on the button  
to the right of the entry for that pin (see Figure 7-18). A pop-up menu  
Using VUE-IT  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
7-12  
will appear, and the proper command can be selected from the list by  
clicking on it. The list displays the following options:  
Empty - No command assigned to input pin.  
Mute Combo - The initial contact closure causes the outputs to  
mute. The subsequent contact closure causes the output to un-mute.  
Mute Enable - Contact closure causes the outputs to mute.  
Mute Disable - Contact closure causes the outputs to un-mute.  
QuickSET Increment - Contact closure causes the next QuickSET  
stored in memory to be loaded into the QuickMAP.  
QuickSET Decrement - Contact closure causes the previous  
QuickSET stored in memory to be loaded into the QuickMAP.  
QuickSET Select - Contact closure causes the specified QuickSET  
to be loaded into the QuickMAP.  
Testing the GPI Assignments  
Figure 7-19 GPI panel.  
If you click on the GPI entry and then click on the Design button, you  
will see a panel like the one in Figure 7-19. The panel in Figure 7-19  
will allow you to simulate GPI contact closures without having to  
hookup external contact closures to the GPI inputs of the ISP-100.  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
7-13  
QuickMAP  
A QuickMAP is a  
signal processing  
topology used with  
an ISP-100. The  
QuickMAP sets the  
signal paths and  
processing from  
input to output. An  
ISP-100 can hold one  
QuickMAP at a time.  
Figure 7-20 QuickMAP panel.  
Double clicking on the QuickMAP (name) entry or by clicking on the entry  
and then clicking on the Design button can access a graphical  
representation of the selected QuickMAP (see Figure 7-20).  
Clicking on the green input triangles in the QuickMAP will open the I/O  
Properties dialog (see Figure 7-21).  
Clicking on the green output triangles will open the Output Meters (see  
Figure 7-24).  
Clicking on the component boxes will open the component. Placing the  
pointer on a component, holding down the left mouse button, and dragging  
the component onto a component of the same type and releasing the  
mouse button will copy the component settings from the component being  
dragged to the component it is dropped on.  
QuickMAP Component Bypassing  
Right clicking on the component boxes will produce a pop-up menu. The  
user is able to modify component settings (this is the same as left clicking  
on the component), access its properties, import or export settings, and in  
selected cases bypass the component. A fully bypassed component will  
appear red in the QuickMAP. Please note that this only occurs when the  
main bypass is activated for that component.  
Using VUE-IT  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
7-14  
I/O Properties (see Figure 7-21)  
Figure 7-21 I/O properties dialog.  
Input  
The Input Function controls the levels entering the unit. This function  
can be accessed in any of the following three ways:  
1. Clicking on the green input triangles.  
2. Right clicking on either the green input or green output triangles and  
selecting Properties from the pop-up list.  
3. Clicking on the I/O Slots entry in the Project Manager and then  
clicking on the Properties button.  
Using the Stereo Control  
This button controls the tracking of the Gain/Attenuator levels. If  
the LED is gray, then the two channels do not track each other. If  
the LED is blue, then the channels track each other. Clicking on  
the button will toggle the setting.  
Gain  
To change settings, click on the arrow next to the number in the  
text box. A selection list will appear. The list may or may not be  
scrollable. Click on the desired entry to make a selection.  
Using the Pad Control  
This button controls the insertion of a -20dB pad in the signal  
path. A gray LED on the button indicates the pad is not inserted.  
A red LED on the button indicates that the pad is inserted.  
Clicking on the button will toggle the setting.  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
7-15  
Output  
The Output function controls the output levels from the unit.  
Using the Stereo Control  
This button controls the tracking of the Gain/Attenuator levels. If  
the LED is gray, then the two channels do not track each other. If  
the LED is blue, then the channels will track each other. Clicking  
on the button will toggle the setting.  
Mute Control  
This button determines if the output signal will be muted. A gray  
LED indicates that the signal is not muted, while a red LED  
indicates that the signal is muted. Clicking on the button will  
toggle the setting.  
Using the Relay Control  
This button activates and deactivates the output relays. A gray  
LED indicates that the audio path is not complete. A green LED  
indicates that the audio path is complete. Clicking on the button  
will toggle the setting.  
Gain  
To change settings, click on the arrow next to the number in the  
text box. A selection list will appear. The list may or may not be  
scrollable. Click on the desired entry to make a selection.  
Digital I/O  
In Mute (RX)  
Mutes the AES receiver data stream.  
Out Mute (TX)  
Mutes the AES transmitter data stream  
Pass Through  
Routes the input from the receiver directly through the transmitter  
to the card’s output (the output data from the DSP is bypassed).  
Either the In-Mute or Out-Mute will mute the output when Pass  
Through is on. Data may still be received when Pass Through is  
on. Pass Through is only valid with a 48 kHz bit stream, or with a  
non-48 kHz bit stream and Sample Rate conversion enabled. A  
non-48 kHz sample rate with no sample rate conversion will result  
in an error when the Pass Through option is selected.  
SRC  
Clicking on the SRC button turns on the Sample-Rate-Converter.  
The SRC is used to convert non-48 kHz data streams into 48 kHz  
data streams compatible with the ISP-100.  
Note: Turning on the SRC will result in a 20-bit output data stream  
except in the case of Pass Through.  
Using VUE-IT  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
7-16  
Status Information  
Figure 7-22 Digital I/O status panel.  
Status information can be obtained for card slots 1 and 2 by  
clicking on the Status button in the desired slot. See Figure  
7-22.  
Sample Rate Converter  
On indicates that the sample rate conversion option is selected  
on the card. The card cannot be selected as the clock master if  
the SRC is turned on.  
Off indicates that the sample rate conversion option is not  
selected on the card.  
Input Stream Format  
Pro indicates that the digital receiver has detected an AES-EBU  
formatted data stream.  
Consumer indicates that the digital receiver has detected an  
SPDIF formatted data stream.  
Input Stream Emphasis  
Emphasis indicates that the sending device has added emphasis  
to the incoming data stream.  
None indicates that the sending device has not emphasized the  
incoming data stream.  
Input Sample Rate  
Indicates the sample rate of the data stream in kHz. There are  
three possible frequencies 48.0 kHz, 44.1 kHz, and 32.0 kHz. All  
other frequencies above and below these are listed as Out of  
Range.  
Note: The emphasis information in the output data stream will be  
set to no emphasis, regardless of the input emphasis status.  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
7-17  
Device Status Panel  
Figure 7-23 Device status panel.  
Clicking on the entry next to the star icon (see Figure 7-9) and then  
clicking on the Design button in the Project Manager opens the Device  
Status Panel. See Figure 7-23.  
The device status panel has five simulated LEDs:  
Clock Sync (red)  
The main board cannot lock to specified location or frequency.  
Digital Data (red)  
1. Data validity error. Card position dependent.  
2. A non-48 kHz Sample Rate is being used, and no Sample Rate  
Converter is selected. Card position dependent.  
3. Non-Audio Input Stream. Card position dependent.  
4. Slot Cannot be chosen as master and have sample rate converter  
present. Card position dependent.  
5. An input slot must have an AES card to be master. Card position  
dependent.  
Low Battery (yellow)  
Please check battery.  
Input Clip (red)  
Input audio has clipped before the DSPs.  
Process Clip (red)  
Which slot and channel caused the clip.  
The specifics of an error condition can be found by clicking on the ?  
button. You are also able to clear the error indication. If the error condition  
still exists or reoccurs, the error LED will turn on again.  
Using VUE-IT  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
7-18  
Output Meters  
Figure 7-24 Output meter panel.  
The Output Meters (see Figure 7-24) provide monitoring of the outputs of  
the DSPs before digital-to-analog conversion. To activate the Meters, click  
on the green output triangles in the QuickMAP, or click on the Meter Bank  
entry in the Project Manager and then click on the Design button.  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-1  
PROCESSING COMPONENTS  
The components used in the VUE-IT interface have a wide variety of  
controls for adjusting settings.  
Each component description begins with a full explanation of the  
component including all of the parameters that can be adjusted. In some  
areas the explanations may go into more depth than the average user  
would need. This was done in order to satisfy the advanced user who  
feels a need to understand the inner workings of the component.  
References to specific journal articles and other supplementary sources  
are provided for further reading.  
An explanation of how to manipulate the various controls follows the  
component explanation. In many instances a specific parameter may  
have multiple means of adjustment. An example of this would be the  
gain control in the Gain component. A user accustomed to traditional  
hardware would probably prefer the virtual faders and knobs, whereas a  
user accustomed to computers and exact entries would probably prefer  
the text box where the amount of gain or attenuation can be directly  
entered.  
Processing Components  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-2  
Combine  
Figure 8-1 2-to-1 combine component.  
The Combine component (see Figure 8-1) adds multiple input signals  
together and sends the sum to a single output. In QuickMAPs, 2-to-1,  
3-to-1, and 4-to-1 combines may exist. The combine’s default attenuation  
is set so that the combine’s output level is unity. In every case the  
attenuation applied to each input channel may be independently adjusted  
between -96 dB and 0 dB, or muted, and the polarity applied to each  
input channel may be independently set to + or - (in-phase or out-of-  
phase). Attenuation and polarity are applied to the input signals before  
they are added to the combination.  
Bypassing a combine sets all attenuations to 0 dB and all polarities to +  
(in-phase).  
Input Attenuators  
The input attenuators can be adjusted three ways:  
Using the Knob  
Click on the indicator on the knob and while continuing to hold  
down the mouse button, move the mouse in an arc. The  
numbers in the box below the knob will change. When the  
desired level is reached, release the mouse button.  
Using the Text Box  
Click in the box. Using the Back Space and/or Delete keys  
erases the current entry and enters the new level. Be sure to  
press the Enter key after the entry is made. Clicking outside the  
text box without pressing the Enter key will cause the setting to  
return to the number that it was before a change was attempted.  
Alternatively, click and drag across the number in the box to  
highlight the number in it. Type the new setting and press the  
Enter key when finished.  
Using the UP/DOWN Arrows  
To increase the level, click on the up arrow. To decrease the  
level attenuation, click on the down arrow. The amount of  
increase or decrease is controlled by the fine/coarse control.  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-3  
Fine (F) or Coarse (C) Control  
This button determines the increment/decrement associated with the  
UP/DOWN arrows. Fine produces small steps in value, while Coarse  
provides large steps in value. Clicking on the button will toggle the  
setting.  
Polarity Control (+/-)  
This button determines the polarity of the signal. A + indicates that  
the signal will not have it’s phase altered. A - indicates that the  
signal’s phase will be changed 180°. Clicking on the button will  
toggle the setting.  
Mute Control (M)  
This button determines if the input signal will be muted. A black M  
indicates that the signal is not muted, while a red M indicates that the  
signal is muted. Clicking on the button will toggle the setting.  
Bypass Control (master)  
This button determines if the component is in the processing chain. If  
the LED on the button is gray, then the component is inserted into  
the signal processing chain. If the LED is red, then the component is  
bypassed in the signal processing chain. A bypassed component will  
be colored red in the QuickMAP.  
Processing Components - Combine  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-4  
Compressor  
Figure 8-2 Compressor component.  
A compressor (see Figure 8-2) is used in situations where the input  
signal has a greater dynamic range, or ratio of loudest to softest, than is  
desired in the output signal. Compression is accomplished by preventing  
the output signal from changing in level as much as the input signal, and  
can be thought of as a form of automatic gain riding.  
Familiar Controls  
Most of the controls in the ISP-100 Compressor are common to  
nearly all traditional dynamic range compressors. These controls  
should be familiar to anyone with experience in the operation of any  
compressor.  
Compression Ratio  
The Compression Ratio control adjusts the amount by which the  
output signal level changes for a given change in input signal  
level. When compressing, the output level change in dB will be  
equal to the input level change in dB divided by the compression  
ratio:  
input level change  
output level change =  
compression ratio  
For example, if the compression ratio is 2:1 and the input level  
changes by +10 dB, then:  
input level change +10 dB  
output level change =  
=
= +5 dB  
compression ratio  
2
Any compressor is essentially a limiter once the compression  
ratio is increased beyond approximately 6:1.  
Compression Ratio is selectable from {1.2:1, 1.5:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1,  
6:1, 8:1, 12:1, 16:1, 24:1}, though any compressor is essentially  
a limiter once the compression ratio is increased beyond  
approximately 6:1.  
Threshold  
The Threshold control adjusts the input signal level above which  
compression is used. When the input signal level is below the  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-5  
threshold value, no compression takes place and the change in  
level of the output signal exactly matches the change in level of  
the input signal. When the input signal level is above the  
threshold value, compression is used and the change in level of  
the output signal is less than the change in level of the input  
signal by the amount dictated by the selected compression ratio.  
Threshold is adjustable in the range -60 dBFS to 0 dBFS.  
Attack Time  
A compressor monitors the level of the input signal and controls  
the level of the output signal accordingly. When the input signal  
level suddenly increases, a compressor allows the output signal  
level to also increase, but only as much as is appropriate for the  
selected compression ratio setting. Desirable sound effects can  
sometimes be created if a compressor is forced to ramp the  
output signal level to its new value gradually rather than  
instantaneously. The Attack Time control adjusts the duration of  
this ramp. Attack Time is adjustable in the range 20 µSec (one  
sample) to 50 mSec.  
Release Time  
A compressor monitors the level of the input signal and controls  
the level of the output signal accordingly. When the input signal  
level suddenly decreases, a compressor allows the output signal  
level to also decrease, but only as much as is appropriate for the  
selected compression ratio setting. A compressor generally  
sounds better if it is forced to ramp the output signal level to its  
new value gradually rather than instantaneously. The Release  
Time control adjusts the duration of this ramp. Release Time is  
adjustable in the range 20 µSec (one sample) to 5 mSec.  
Knee Selection  
Below the threshold level, no compression is taking place and  
any changes in input level are matched exactly by changes in  
output level. Above the threshold level, compression is taking  
place and changes in output level are less than the  
corresponding changes in input level. The transition from no  
compression to compression can be set to take place abruptly or  
gradually.  
Under hard knee conditions the output level tracks the input level  
perfectly as it rises up to the threshold. Above the threshold the  
output level continues to rise as dictated by the compression  
ratio. There is an abrupt transition from no compression below  
the threshold to compression above.  
Under soft knee conditions, there is a smooth, gradual transition  
from no compression below the threshold to compression above.  
Under soft knee conditions the output level and the input level  
track until approximately 12-18 dB below the threshold, beyond  
which they slowly begin to diverge. Depending upon the  
compression ratio selected, the output level may be as much as  
Processing Components - Compressor  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-6  
2.5 dB below the input level at the threshold. The divergence  
continues to increase gradually until approximately 6 dB above  
the threshold, beyond which the output level rise is dictated  
solely by the selected compression ratio. There is a smooth,  
gradual transition from no compression below the threshold to  
compression above.  
The sonic differences between the two knee types are often  
subtle and are very much signal-dependent. Experimentation is  
recommended.  
Sidechain Source  
There are situations in which compression is applied to one  
channel based upon the level in another channel. This might be  
used in a stereo signal pair to prevent image shift; one of the  
channels would be considered to be the level reference and the  
compressors in both channels would be set up identically.  
Another example might be ducking, where the compression  
applied to background music in one channel would be controlled  
by the level of the announcer’s voice in another.  
The Sidechain Source channel selection indicates the channel  
whose level is to be used to control the compressor. If the input  
channel is to control itself, then it should be selected as the  
Sidechain Source. Otherwise the appropriate other channel  
should be selected from the set of available Sidechain Sources  
in the menu.  
Unfamiliar Controls  
There are two controls on the ISP-100 compressor that are not  
available in traditional dynamic range compressors. These controls  
provide much greater flexibility and utility to this compressor than  
can be achieved with traditional compressors.  
Detection Window  
The detection window is the period of time over which the  
compressor computes the average signal level. Every dynamic  
range compressor that operates upon average signal level uses  
a detection window. In traditional compressors this window is of  
fixed length, and the operator may not even be aware of that  
length.  
Some traditional compressors provide switching between  
average and peak detection. This is actually just a selection  
between a relatively long detection window of generally a few  
tens or hundreds of milliseconds, and a very short detection  
window of generally a few tens or hundreds of microseconds.  
The ISP-100 compressor provides for operator control of the  
length of the detection window. Very dynamic signals and  
signals containing a lot of high frequency energy require shorter  
detection windows. Non-dynamic signals and signals containing  
mostly low frequency energy require longer detection windows.  
Detection Window is adjustable in the range 20 µSec (one  
sample) to 5 Sec.  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-7  
Crest Factor Sensitivity  
A signal’s crest factor is the ratio of a its peak level to its average  
level. The signal having the lowest possible crest factor is the  
square wave, whose peak and average levels are equal and  
whose crest factor is therefore 1.0. The peak level of a pure  
sinewave tone is 1.414 times its average level; a sinewave  
therefore has a crest factor of 1.414. Most music and speech  
signals contain peaks that are very much higher than their  
average levels; therefore their crest factors are very much  
greater than one. The important points to remember are that a  
signal’s peak value is always greater than or equal to its average  
value, and that the crest factor of any signal is therefore always  
greater than or equal to 1.0.  
The Crest Factor Sensitivity adjustment on the ISP-100  
compressor function controls its sensitivity to the crest factor of  
the input signal. It works like this:  
The signal level detection algorithm used in the ISP-100  
compressor consists of two separate detectors operating in  
parallel. One of the detectors computes the average level over  
the selected detection window; the other computes the peak  
level of each input sample.  
The peak level is multiplied by the setting of the Crest Factor  
Sensitivity control, which is always a number between zero and  
one. The two quantities are then compared and the larger is  
returned as the signal level.  
When the Crest Factor Sensitivity is set to 0.00 the ISP-100  
compressor operates as a traditional compressor responding to  
average signal levels; when the Crest Factor Sensitivity is set to  
1.00 the ISP-100 compressor operates as a traditional  
compressor responding to peak signal levels. Values in-between  
represent various hybrids of the two. If the compressor is to  
ignore peaks and respond only to average levels, then the Crest  
Factor Sensitivity may be set near zero. If the compressor is to  
respond only to peaks, then the Crest Factor Sensitivity may be  
set near one.  
Good results may be obtained by following these steps:  
1. Set the Crest Factor Sensitivity to 0.00. This will cause the  
ISP-100 compressor to behave like a traditional compressor  
responding to average signal levels.  
2. Set all of the other compressor controls as appropriate for the  
signal being compressed, just as they would be set in a  
traditional compressor.  
3. Adjust the Crest Factor Sensitivity control so that the  
compressor responds appropriately to short signal peaks. If it  
were possible to know, in advance, what the crest factor of the  
Processing Components - Compressor  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-8  
input signal was going to be, then the Crest Factor Sensitivity  
control would ideally be set to:  
1
Crest Factor of Input Signal  
Since this quantity is not generally known, it is best to  
experiment until satisfactory results are obtained.  
Metering  
The compressor meter shows the attenuation applied to the signal  
passing through the compressor at any given moment in time. When  
the signal is being compressed the meter indicates negative values  
(gain less than 1.0). When the signal is not being compressed the  
meter indicates 0 dB (gain of 1.0). Meter values are raw, no  
averaging or ballistics are applied.  
Notes on Operation of the Compressor  
Bypass  
Bypassing a compressor causes the signal to pass through  
unaltered.  
Overshoot  
The compressor algorithm used in the ISP-100 allows for a small  
amount of overshoot on transients, regardless of the settings of  
the Detection Window and Crest Factor Sensitivity controls. The  
amount of overshoot is somewhat dependent upon the setting of  
the Threshold control; the lower the threshold the greater the  
overshoot. This represents normal operation for the compressor.  
Computation of Average Level  
There are two common methods of computing average signal  
level; one is based upon RMS (Root Mean Square) calculations,  
and the other is based upon Absolute Value calculations. Each  
of these methods produces a slightly different value for signal  
level, and the difference depends upon the characteristics of the  
signal itself. The ISP-100 compressor uses Absolute Value for  
its computation of signal level, so the level reported by the  
compressor may differ slightly from the RMS value expected for  
a given signal.  
Crest Factor Sensitivity and Sinewaves  
The peak level of a pure sinewave tone is 1.414 times its  
average level. The ISP-100 compressor will therefore apply  
approximately 3 dB more compression to a pure sinewave  
signal when the Crest Factor Sensitivity is set to 1.00 (peak-  
responding) than when it is set to 0.00 (average-responding).  
This represents normal operation for the compressor.  
Sidechaining  
When the sidechain input to an ISP-100 compressor is selected  
to be a channel other than its input, the compressor controls  
must still be set. The sidechain selects only the channel’s data,  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-9  
not its compressor control settings. If multiple compressors  
utilize the same channel as their sidechain sources, then all  
controls on all compressors must still be configured.  
Meter  
The meter located at the left of the component indicates the amount  
of attenuation taking place in dB.  
Threshold  
The Threshold can be adjusted three ways:  
Using the Slider  
Click on the indicator on the slider and while continuing to hold  
down the mouse button, move the mouse up and down. The  
numbers in the box below the slider will change. When the  
desired level is reached, release the mouse button.  
Using the Text Box  
Click in the box. Using the Back Space and/or Delete keys  
erases the current entry and enters the new level. Be sure to  
press the Enter key after the entry is made. Clicking outside the  
text box without pressing the Enter key will cause the setting to  
return to the number that it was before a change was attempted.  
Alternatively, click and drag across the number in the box to  
highlight the number in it. Type the new setting and press the  
Enter key when finished.  
Using the UP/DOWN Arrows  
To increase the level, click on the up arrow. To decrease the  
level attenuation, click on the down arrow. The amount of  
increase or decrease is controlled by the fine/coarse control.  
Attack, Window, Release, and Crest factor controls.  
All of these controls can be adjusted in three ways:  
Using the Knob  
Click on the indicator on the knob and while continuing to hold  
down the mouse button, move the mouse in an arc. The  
numbers in the box below the knob will change. When the  
desired level is reached, release the mouse button.  
Using the Text Box  
Click in the box. Using the Back Space and/or Delete keys  
erases the current entry and enters the new level. Be sure to  
press the Enter key after the entry is made. Clicking outside the  
text box without pressing the Enter key will cause the setting to  
return to the number that it was before a change was attempted.  
Alternatively, click and drag across the number in the box to  
highlight the number in it. Type the new setting and press the  
Enter key when finished.  
Processing Components - Compressor  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-10  
Using the UP/DOWN Arrows  
To increase the level, click on the up arrow. To decrease the  
level attenuation, click on the down arrow. The amount of  
increase or decrease is controlled by the fine/coarse control.  
Fine (F) or Coarse (C) Control  
This button determines the increment/decrement associated with the  
UP/DOWN arrows. Fine produces small steps in value, while Coarse  
provides large steps in value. Clicking on the button will toggle the  
setting.  
Knee Control  
This button determines the type of transition that occurs when the  
component goes from inactive to active. A Hard knee causes the  
response by the component to be abrupt, while a Soft knee causes a  
gentle response. Clicking on the button will toggle the setting.  
Ratio Control  
To change settings, click on the arrow next to the number in the text  
box. A selection list will appear. The list may or may not be  
scrollable. To make a selection click on the desired entry.  
Sidechain  
To make a selection click on the desired entry.  
Bypass Control (master)  
This button determines if the component is in the processing chain. If  
the LED on the button is gray, then the component is inserted into  
the signal processing chain. If the LED is red, then the component is  
bypassed in the signal processing chain. A bypassed component will  
be colored red in the QuickMAP.  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-11  
Crossover  
Figure 8-3 Two-way crossover component.  
Crossovers (see Figure 8-3) are used to divide the audio signal into  
multiple bands appropriate for different types of loudspeakers or  
loudspeaker elements. In QuickMAPs, 2-way, 3-way, and 4-way  
crossovers may exist. Each of these crossovers may be implemented  
Custom crossovers  
other than those  
available from the  
crossover  
component can be  
constructed by  
using the filter  
component.  
st  
th  
using Bessel or Butterworth filters with 1 - through 4 -order slopes, or  
nd  
th  
Linkwitz-Riley filters with 2 - or 4 -order slopes, or combinations  
thereof.  
Two-Way Crossovers  
Figure 8-4 Two-way crossover implementation.  
In the ISP-100, 2-way crossovers are implemented as shown in  
Figure 8-4.  
Processing Components - Crossover  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-12  
The lowpass filter LP1 and the highpass filter HP1 may each be  
independently configured as:  
Bessel 6 dB/octave (1st-order)  
Bessel 12 dB/octave (2nd-order)  
Bessel 18 dB/octave (3rd-order)  
Bessel 24 dB/octave (4th-order)  
Butterworth 6 dB/octave (1st-order)  
Butterworth 12 dB/octave (2nd-order)  
Butterworth 18 dB/octave (3rd-order)  
Butterworth 24 dB/octave (4th-order)  
Linkwitz-Riley (Butterworth-Squared) 12 dB/octave (2nd-order)  
Linkwitz-Riley (Butterworth-Squared) 24 dB/octave (4th-order)  
In addition, the cutoff frequency, attenuation, and polarity in the low  
band and the high band may be independently adjusted, and the  
filters in either band may be bypassed entirely.  
The cutoff frequency in each filter is continuously variable from 20  
Hz to 20 kHz.  
The attenuation in each band is continuously variable from -96 dB to  
0 dB, plus mute.  
The polarity in each band is selectable as + or - (in-phase or out-of-  
phase).  
Each band may be bypassed, in which case all of the crossover  
filters in that band will be bypassed while the crossover filters in the  
other band will not be affected.  
Two-Way Bessel and Butterworth Crossovers  
Bessel crossovers utilize Bessel filters. Bessel filters are  
designed for maximally-flat group delay, meaning that they have  
nearly linear phase and excellent transient response. Their  
amplitude response is not as flat and their cutoff is not as sharp  
as those of Butterworth filters.  
Butterworth crossovers utilize Butterworth filters. Butterworth  
filters are designed for maximally-flat amplitude response,  
meaning that the amplitude response in the passband is as flat  
as possible without ripple. Their phase response is not nearly as  
linear and their transient response is not as good as those of  
Bessel filters.  
The Bessel filters used in the ISP-100 crossovers are  
automatically scaled so that their amplitude response is -3 dB at  
the selected cutoff frequency, regardless of the filter order.  
The amplitude response of a Butterworth filter is naturally -3 dB  
at the selected cutoff frequency, regardless of the filter order.  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-13  
Two-way Linkwitz-Riley Crossovers  
Linkwitz-Riley designs constitute a special, even-order in-phase  
class of two-way sum-to-allpass response crossovers, and they  
must be configured in accordance with very strict phase and  
polarity requirements.  
A properly implemented 2-way, 12 dB/octave Linkwitz-Riley  
crossover is characterized by:  
• 2nd-order Linkwitz-Riley (Butterworth-Squared) lowpass filter, -6  
dB magnitude response at crossover frequency  
• 2nd-order Linkwitz-Riley (Butterworth-Squared) highpass filter,  
-6 dB magnitude response at crossover frequency  
• polarity of highpass band opposite that of lowpass band  
A properly implemented 2-way, 24 dB/octave Linkwitz-Riley  
crossover is characterized by:  
• 4th-order Linkwitz-Riley (Butterworth-Squared) lowpass filter, -6  
dB magnitude response at crossover frequency  
• 4th-order Linkwitz-Riley (Butterworth-Squared) highpass filter, -  
6 dB magnitude response at crossover frequency  
• polarity of highpass band the same as that of lowpass band  
Summarizing: In a 2-way, 12 dB/octave Linkwitz-Riley crossover  
the high band must be out-of-phase with the low band; in a 2-  
way, 24 dB/octave Linkwitz-Riley crossover the high band must  
be in-phase with the low band.  
Three-Way Crossovers  
Figure 8-5 Three-way crossover implementation.  
In the ISP-100, 3-way crossovers are implemented as shown in  
Figure 8-5.  
This parallel structure was selected over the more common binary-  
tree structure for its suitability to the distribution of filters among  
multiple DSPs. The parallel structure is also capable of perfect  
Processing Components - Crossover  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-14  
implementation of Linkwitz-Riley crossovers, for which the ISP-100  
has been optimized. The filters marked optional in Figure 8-5 will be  
explained in the Linkwitz-Riley Crossover section, below.  
The lowpass filters LPx (except for the optional LP2) and the  
highpass filters HPx may each be independently configured as:  
Bessel 6 dB/octave (1st-order)  
Bessel 12 dB/octave (2nd-order)  
Bessel 18 dB/octave (3rd-order)  
Bessel 24 dB/octave (4th-order)  
Butterworth 6 dB/octave (1st-order)  
Butterworth 12 dB/octave (2nd-order)  
Butterworth 18 dB/octave (3rd-order)  
Butterworth 24 dB/octave (4th-order)  
Linkwitz-Riley (Butterworth-Squared) 12 dB/octave (2nd-order)  
Linkwitz-Riley (Butterworth-Squared) 24 dB/octave (4th-order)  
In addition, the cutoff frequency, attenuation, and polarity in the low  
band, the mid band, and the high band may be independently  
adjusted, and all of the filters in any band may be bypassed entirely.  
The cutoff frequency in each filter is continuously variable from 20  
Hz to 20 kHz.  
The attenuation in each band is continuously variable from -96 dB to  
0 dB, plus mute.  
The polarity in each band is selectable as + or - (in-phase or out-of-  
phase).  
Each band may be bypassed, in which case all of the crossover  
filters in that band will be bypassed while the crossover filters in the  
other bands will not be affected.  
Three-way Bessel and Butterworth Crossovers  
Figure 8-6 Three-way Bessel & butterworth crossover implementation.  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-15  
In the ISP-100, 3-way Bessel and Butterworth crossovers are  
implemented as shown in Figure 8-6.  
Bessel crossovers utilize Bessel filters. Bessel filters are  
designed for maximally-flat group delay, meaning that they have  
nearly linear phase and excellent transient response. Their  
amplitude response is not as flat and their cutoff is not as sharp  
as those of Butterworth filters.  
Butterworth crossovers utilize Butterworth filters. Butterworth  
filters are designed for maximally-flat amplitude response,  
meaning that the amplitude response in the passband is as flat  
as possible without ripple. Their phase response is not nearly as  
linear and their transient response is not as good as those of  
Bessel filters.  
The Bessel filters used in the ISP-100 crossovers are  
automatically scaled so that their amplitude response is -3 dB at  
the selected cutoff frequency, regardless of the filter order.  
The amplitude response of a Butterworth filter is naturally -3 dB  
at the selected cutoff frequency, regardless of the filter order.  
Three-way Linkwitz-Riley Crossovers  
Figure 8-7 Three-way Linkwitz-Riley crossover implementation.  
In the ISP-100, 3-way Linkwitz-Riley crossovers are  
implemented as shown in Figure 8-7.  
Linkwitz-Riley designs constitute a special, even-order in-phase  
class of two-way sum-to-allpass response crossovers, and they  
must be configured in accordance with very strict phase and  
polarity requirements. Because the basic Linkwitz-Riley  
crossover is a 2-way design, extra steps must be taken in 3-way  
Linkwitz-Riley crossovers to ensure that these phase and  
polarity requirements are met.  
Note the presence of the unexpected θ1 allpass filter in the high  
Processing Components - Crossover  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-16  
band and LP2 lowpass filter in the low band. The inclusion of  
these filters is mandatory for proper implementation of the 3-way  
Linkwitz-Riley crossover; they ensure that the phase shift and  
magnitude response in each band match those of the other  
bands to maintain the fundamental Linkwitz-Riley sum-to-allpass  
quality. A detailed explanation of the use of compensation filters  
such as these may be found in “Active Realization of Multiway  
All-Pass Crossover Systems” by Joseph A. D’Appolito; Journal  
of the Audio Engineering Society, Volume 35, Number 4, April  
1987.  
A 3-way Linkwitz-Riley crossover is essentially a combination of  
two 2-way Linkwitz-Riley crossovers. This means that the  
polarity requirements associated with a 2-way Linkwitz-Riley  
crossover carry over to a 3-way crossover.  
A properly implemented 2-way, 12 dB/octave Linkwitz-Riley  
crossover is characterized by:  
• 2nd-order Linkwitz-Riley (Butterworth-Squared) lowpass filter, -6  
dB magnitude response at crossover frequency  
• 2nd-order Linkwitz-Riley (Butterworth-Squared) highpass filter,  
-6 dB magnitude response at crossover frequency  
• polarity of highpass band opposite that of lowpass band  
In a 3-way crossover the bands associate in non-obvious ways  
(see Sum-to-Allpass Characteristics of Linkwitz-Riley  
Crossovers), and the polarity reference for the high band is  
unexpectedly the low band, rather than the adjacent mid band.  
Thus, if a 12 dB/octave filter is used for LP1 and HP1, then the  
mid band must be out-of-phase with the low band. If a 12 dB/  
octave filter is used for LP2 and HP2, then the high band must be  
out-of-phase with the low band, not the mid band.  
A properly implemented 2-way 24 dB/octave Linkwitz-Riley  
crossover is characterized by:  
• 4th-order Linkwitz-Riley (Butterworth-Squared) lowpass filter, -6  
dB magnitude response at crossover frequency  
• 4th-order Linkwitz-Riley (Butterworth-Squared) highpass filter,  
-6 dB magnitude response at crossover frequency  
• polarity of high band the same as that of low band  
In a 3-way crossover the bands associate in non-obvious ways  
(see Sum-to-Allpass Characteristics of Linkwitz-riley  
Crossovers), and the polarity reference for the high band is  
unexpectedly the low band, rather than the adjacent mid band.  
Thus, if a 24 dB/octave filter is used for LP1 and HP1, then the  
mid band must be in-phase with the low band. If a 24 dB/octave  
filter is used for LP2 and HP2, then the high band must be the in-  
phase with the low band, not the mid band.  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-17  
Four-Way Crossovers  
Figure 8-8 Four-way crossover implementation.  
In the ISP-100, 4-way crossovers are implemented as shown in  
Figure 8-8.  
This parallel structure was selected over the more common binary-  
tree structure for its suitability to the distribution of filters among  
multiple DSPs. The parallel structure is also capable of perfect  
implementation of Linkwitz-Riley crossovers, for which the ISP-100  
has been optimized. The filters marked optional in Figure 8-8 will be  
explained in the Linkwitz-Riley Crossover section.  
The lowpass filters LPx (except for the optional LP2) and the  
highpass filters HPx (except for the optional HP2) may each be  
independently configured as:  
Bessel 6 dB/octave (1st-order)  
Bessel 12 dB/octave (2nd-order)  
Bessel 18 dB/octave (3rd-order)  
Bessel 24 dB/octave (4th-order)  
Butterworth 6 dB/octave (1st-order)  
Butterworth 12 dB/octave (2nd-order)  
Butterworth 18 dB/octave (3rd-order)  
Butterworth 24 dB/octave (4th-order)  
Linkwitz-Riley (Butterworth-Squared) 12 dB/octave (2nd-order)  
Linkwitz-Riley (Butterworth-Squared) 24 dB/octave (4th-order)  
In addition, the cutoff frequency, attenuation, and polarity in the low  
band, the low-mid band, the mid-high band, and the high band may  
be independently adjusted, and all of the filters in any band may be  
bypassed entirely.  
The cutoff frequency in each filter is continuously variable from 20  
Hz to 20 kHz.  
Processing Components - Crossover  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-18  
The attenuation in each band is continuously variable from -96 dB  
and 0 dB, plus mute.  
The polarity in each band is selectable as + or - (in-phase or out-of-  
phase).  
Each band may be bypassed, in which case all of the crossover  
filters in that band will be bypassed while the crossover filters in the  
other bands will not be affected.  
Four-way Bessel and Butterworth Crossovers  
Figure 8-9 Four-way Bessel & Butterworth crossover implementation.  
In the ISP-100, 4-way Bessel and Butterworth crossovers are  
implemented as shown in Figure 8-9.  
Bessel crossovers utilize Bessel filters. Bessel filters are  
designed for maximally-flat group delay, meaning that they have  
nearly linear phase and excellent transient response. Their  
amplitude response is not as flat and their cutoff is not as sharp  
as those of Butterworth filters.  
Butterworth crossovers utilize Butterworth filters. Butterworth  
filters are designed for maximally-flat amplitude response,  
meaning that the amplitude response in the passband is as flat  
as possible without ripple. Their phase response is not nearly as  
linear and their transient response is not as good as those of  
Bessel filters.  
The Bessel filters used in the ISP-100 crossovers are  
automatically scaled so that their amplitude response is -3 dB at  
the selected cutoff frequency, regardless of the filter order.  
The amplitude response of a Butterworth filter is naturally -3 dB  
at the selected cutoff frequency, regardless of the filter order.  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-19  
Four-way Linkwitz-Riley Crossovers  
Figure 8-10 Four-way Linkwitz-Riley crossover implementation.  
In the ISP-100, 4-way Linkwitz-Riley crossovers are  
implemented as shown in Figure 8-10.  
Linkwitz-Riley designs constitute a special, even-order in-phase  
class of 2-way sum-to-allpass response crossovers, and they  
must be configured in accordance with very strict phase and  
polarity requirements. Because the basic Linkwitz-Riley  
crossover is a 2-way design, extra steps must be taken in 4-way  
Linkwitz-Riley crossovers to ensure that these phase and  
polarity requirements are met.  
Note the presence of the unexpected θ1 allpass filter and HP2  
highpass filter in the high band, the θ1 allpass filter in the mid-  
high band, the θ3 allpass filter in the low-mid band, and the LP2  
lowpass filter and θ3 allpass filter in the low band. The inclusion  
of these filters is mandatory for proper implementation of the 4-  
way Linkwitz-Riley crossover; they ensure that the phase shift  
and magnitude response in each band match those of the other  
bands to maintain the fundamental Linkwitz-Riley sum-to-allpass  
quality. A detailed explanation of the use of compensation filters  
such as these may be found in “Active Realization of Multiway  
All-Pass Crossover Systems” by Joseph A. D’Appolito; Journal  
of the Audio Engineering Society, Volume 35, Number 4, April  
1987.  
A 4-way Linkwitz-Riley crossover is essentially a combination of  
three 2-way Linkwitz-Riley crossovers. This means that the  
polarity requirements associated with a 2-way Linkwitz-Riley  
crossover carry over to a 4-way crossover.  
Processing Components - Crossover  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-20  
A properly implemented 2-way, 12 dB/octave Linkwitz-Riley  
crossover is characterized by:  
• 2nd-order Linkwitz-Riley (Butterworth-Squared) lowpass filter, -6  
dB magnitude response at crossover frequency  
• 2nd-order Linkwitz-Riley (Butterworth-Squared) highpass filter,  
-6 dB magnitude response at crossover frequency  
• polarity of highpass band opposite that of lowpass band  
In a 4-way crossover the bands associate in non-obvious ways  
(see Sum-to-Allpass Characteristics of Linkwitz-Riley  
Crossovers). As expected, the polarity reference for the low-mid  
band is the low band, and the polarity reference for the high  
band is the mid-high band. However, the polarity reference for  
the mid-high band is unexpectedly the low band, rather than the  
adjacent low-mid band. Thus, if a 12 dB/octave filter is used for  
LP1 and HP1, then the low-mid band must be out-of-phase with  
the low band. If a 12 dB/octave filter is used for LP3 and HP3,  
then the high band must be out-of-phase with the mid-high band.  
And if a 12 dB/octave filter is used for LP2 and HP2, then the mid-  
high band must be out-of-phase with the low band, not the low-  
mid band.  
A properly implemented 2-way 24 dB/octave Linkwitz-Riley  
crossover is characterized by:  
• 4th-order Linkwitz-Riley (Butterworth-Squared) lowpass filter, -6  
dB magnitude response at crossover frequency  
• 4th-order Linkwitz-Riley (Butterworth-Squared) highpass filter,  
-6 dB magnitude response at crossover frequency  
• polarity of high band the same as that of low band  
In a 4-way crossover the bands associate in non-obvious ways  
(see Sum-to-Allpass Characteristics of Linkwitz-riley  
Crossovers). As expected, the polarity reference for the low-mid  
band is the low band, and the polarity reference for the high  
band is the mid-high band. However, the polarity reference for  
the mid-high band is unexpectedly the low band, rather than the  
adjacent low-mid band. Thus, if a 24 dB/octave filter is used for  
LP1 and HP1, then the low-mid band must be in-phase with the  
low band. If a 24 dB/octave filter is used for LP3 and HP3, then  
the high band must be the in-phase with the mid high band. And  
if a 24 dB/octave filter is used for LP2 and HP2, then the mid high  
band must be the in-phase with the low band, not the low-mid  
band.  
Sum-to-Allpass Characteristics of Linkwitz-Riley Crossovers  
A characteristic of 2-way Linkwitz-Riley crossovers is that the output  
bands sum to an allpass filter—the frequency response of the sum  
has a constant magnitude of one and only phase shift occurs. From  
Figure 8-4, this means that  
LPx - HPx = θx  
or  
LPx + HPx = θ x  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-21  
depending upon whether 12 dB/octave or 24 dB/octave filters are  
used, respectively.  
The following sections will show this sum-to-allpass trait to hold true  
for the ISP-100 Linkwitz-Riley 3-way and 4-way crossover  
implementations.  
Three-way  
From Figure 8-6  
Summed Response = LP1LP2 ± HP1LP2 ± θ1HP2  
= (LP1 ± HP )LP2 ± θ1HP2  
= θ LP2 ± θ 11HP2  
= θ1(LP2 ± HP2)  
= θ11θ2 Q.E.D.  
There is an alternate configuration, not implemented in the ISP-  
100, that also has this property:  
Summed Response = LP1θ ± HP1LP2 ± HP1HP2  
= LP1θ2 ± HP1(LP2 ± HP2)  
= LP1θ22 ± HP1θ  
= (LP1 ± HP1)θ22  
= θ1θ2 Q.E.D.  
Four-way  
From Figure 8-9  
Summed Response = LP1LP2θ3 ± HP1LP2θ3 ± θ 1HP2LP3 ±θ1HP2HP3  
= (LP1 ± HP1)LP2θ3 ± θ1HP2(LP3 ± HP3)  
= θ LP2θ3 ± θ 1HP2θ3  
= θ1(LP ± HP2)θ3  
= θ11θ2θ32 Q.E.D.  
Low, Low-Mid, Mid, Mid-High and High Controls  
The Low, Low-Mid, Mid, Mid-High and High buttons determine if  
that section of the crossover is bypassed. If the word Low, Low-Mid,  
Mid, Mid-High or High is displayed on the button, then that portion of  
the crossover is not bypassed. If the word Bypassed is displayed on  
the button’s face, then that portion of the crossover is bypassed.  
Clicking on the buttons will toggle their settings.  
Link/Unlink Control  
The Link/Unlink button determines if the settings in the crossover  
track their corresponding partners. A simple rule of thumb is that  
when the sections are linked, the component on the right will track its  
partner on the left. Clicking on the button(s) will toggle the settings.  
Slope  
To change settings, click on the arrow next to the number in the text  
box. A selection list will appear. The list may or may not be  
scrollable. To make a selection click on the desired entry.  
Processing Components - Crossover  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-22  
Class  
To change settings, click on the arrow next to the number in the text  
box. A selection list will appear. The list may or may not be  
scrollable. To make a selection click on the desired entry.  
Cutoff Frequency  
The Cutoff Frequency can be adjusted three ways:  
Using the Knob  
Click on the indicator on the knob and while continuing to hold  
down the mouse button, move the mouse in an arc. The  
numbers in the box below the knob will change. When the  
desired level is reached, release the mouse button.  
Using the Text Box  
Click in the box. Using the Back Space and/or Delete keys  
erases the current entry and enters the new level. Be sure to  
press the Enter key after the entry is made. Clicking outside the  
text box without pressing the Enter key will cause the setting to  
return to the number that it was before a change was attempted.  
Alternatively, click and drag across the number in the box to  
highlight the number in it. Type the new setting and press the  
Enter key when finished.  
Using the UP/DOWN Arrows  
To increase the level, click on the up arrow. To decrease the  
level attenuation, click on the down arrow. The amount of  
increase or decrease is controlled by the fine/coarse control.  
Passband Gain  
The Passband Gain can be adjusted three ways:  
Using the Knob  
Click on the indicator on the knob and while continuing to hold  
down the mouse button, move the mouse in an arc. The  
numbers in the box below the knob will change. When the  
desired level is reached, release the mouse button.  
Using the Text Box  
Click in the box. Using the Back Space and/or Delete keys  
erases the current entry and enters the new level. Be sure to  
press the Enter key after the entry is made. Clicking outside the  
text box without pressing the Enter key will cause the setting to  
return to the number that it was before a change was attempted.  
Alternatively, click and drag across the number in the box to  
highlight the number in it. Type the new setting and press the  
Enter key when finished.  
Using the UP/DOWN Arrows  
To increase the level, click on the up arrow. To decrease the  
level attenuation, click on the down arrow. The amount of  
increase or decrease is controlled by the fine/coarse control.  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-23  
Fine (F) or Coarse (C) Control  
This button determines the increment/decrement associated with the  
UP/DOWN arrows. Fine produces small steps in value, while Coarse  
provides large steps in value. Clicking on the button will toggle the  
setting.  
Polarity Control (+/-)  
This button determines the polarity of the signal. A + indicates that  
the signal will not have it’s phase altered. A - indicates that the  
signal’s phase will be changed 180°. Clicking on the button will  
toggle the setting.  
Mute Control (M)  
This button determines if the input signal will be muted. A black M  
indicates that the signal is not muted, while a red M indicates that the  
signal is muted. Clicking on the button will toggle the setting.  
Processing Components - Crossover  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-24  
Cut  
Figure 8-11 Cut component.  
The Cut (see Figure 8-11) can apply as much as 96 dB attenuation, or  
mute completely, and invert polarity.  
Attenuation and Polarity  
Application of attenuation is accomplished by multiplying each data  
sample by a number whose absolute value lies between 1.0 (0 dB)  
and 0.000015625 (-96 dB). Muting is accomplished by multiplying  
each sample by zero. Polarity inversion is accomplished by  
multiplying by a negative number. All gain and polarity changes are  
soft, meaning that they are gradually changed from the old setting to  
the new in order to help prevent the occurrence of clicks or pops.  
Bypass  
Bypassing cut is equivalent to setting its attenuation to 0 dB and its  
polarity to + (in-phase). Bypassing a muted attenuator un-mutes it.  
Attenuator  
The attenuator can be set three ways:  
Using the Knob  
Click on the indicator on the knob and while continuing to hold  
down the mouse button, move the mouse in an arc. The  
numbers in the box below the knob will change. When the  
desired level is reached, release the mouse button.  
Using the Text Box  
Click in the box. Using the Back Space and/or Delete keys  
erases the current entry and enters the new level. Be sure to  
press the Enter key after the entry is made. Clicking outside the  
text box without pressing the Enter key will cause the setting to  
return to the number that it was before a change was attempted.  
Alternatively, click and drag across the number in the box to  
highlight the number in it. Type the new setting and press the  
Enter key when finished.  
Using the UP/DOWN Arrows  
To increase the level, click on the up arrow. To decrease the  
level attenuation, click on the down arrow. The amount of  
increase or decrease is controlled by the fine/coarse control.  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-25  
Fine (F) or Coarse (C) Control  
This button determines the increment/decrement associated with the  
UP/DOWN arrows. Fine produces small steps in value, while Coarse  
provides large steps in value. Clicking on the button will toggle the  
setting.  
Polarity Control (+/-)  
This button determines the polarity of the signal. A + indicates that  
the signal will not have it’s phase altered. A - indicates that the  
signal’s phase will be changed 180. Clicking on the button will toggle  
the setting.  
Mute Control (M)  
This button determines if the input signal will be muted. A black M  
indicates that the signal is not muted, while a red M indicates that the  
signal is muted. Clicking on the button will toggle the setting.  
Bypass Control (master)  
This button determines if the component is in the processing chain. If  
the LED on the button is gray, then the component is inserted into  
the signal processing chain. If the LED is red, then the component is  
bypassed in the signal processing chain. A bypassed component will  
be colored red in the QuickMAP.  
Processing Components - Cut  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-26  
Delay  
Figure 8-12 Delay component.  
Delay (see Figure 8-12) is used to compensate for differences in the  
physical alignment of loudspeakers or loudspeaker drivers.  
In the ISP-100, the delay in each output channel is adjustable in the  
range 0 – 2,500 milliseconds (depending on QuickMAP used) in 20.833  
microsecond (single sample) increments. This translates to  
approximately (0 - 2750 feet) in 0.275 inch increments, assuming that the  
speed of sound is approximately 1100 ft/sec.  
Setting Delay  
The Delay control can be adjusted two ways:  
Using the Text Box  
Click in the box. Using the Back Space and/or Delete keys  
erases the current entry and enters the new level. Be sure to  
press the Enter key after the entry is made. Clicking outside the  
text box without pressing the Enter key will cause the setting to  
return to the number that it was before a change was attempted.  
Alternatively, click and drag across the number in the box to  
highlight the number in it. Type the new setting and press the  
Enter key when finished.  
Using the UP/DOWN Arrows  
To increase the level, click on the up arrow. To decrease the  
level attenuation, click on the down arrow. The amount of  
increase or decrease is controlled by the fine/coarse control.  
Fine (F) or Coarse (C) Control  
This button determines the increment/decrement associated with the  
UP/DOWN arrows. Fine produces small steps in value, while Coarse  
provides large steps in value. Clicking on the button will toggle the  
setting.  
Bypass Control (master)  
This button determines if the component is in the processing chain. If  
the LED on the button is gray, then the component is inserted into  
the signal processing chain. If the LED is red, then the component is  
bypassed in the signal processing chain. A bypassed component will  
be colored red in the QuickMAP.  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-27  
Dither  
Figure 8-13 Dither component.  
Dithering (see Figure 8-13) is used when shortening high resolution  
digital audio data words to a lower resolution; for example, when sending  
24-bit ISP-100 audio data to 20-bit D/A converters, or directly to a 16-bit  
Digital Audio Tape recorder through a digital interface. Simply truncating,  
or discarding, the unused bits results in audible artifacts that are  
generally objectionable. Dithering does not eliminate these artifacts, it  
changes their characteristics so that they are less noticeable to the  
human ear.  
If, after reducing the number of bits in a signal, the original high-  
resolution (more bits) signal is subtracted from the final lower-resolution  
(fewer bits) signal, the difference is called the error signal:  
(Final Signal) - (Original Signal) = (Error Signal)  
Some very simple algebra shows that the final signal can be thought of  
as the sum of the error signal and the original signal:  
(Final Signal) = (Error Signal) + (Original Signal)  
When audio data words are shortened by simple truncation, it turns out  
that the error signal is correlated with itself and with the original signal.  
This simply means that the error signal is not pure white noise, and that  
the frequency and amplitude of the error signal is in some way related to  
the frequency and amplitude of the original signal.  
If noise with some very specific amplitude and spectral characteristics is  
added to the original signal before truncation, then the correlation is  
destroyed and the error signal sounds like low level noise instead of  
tones. Even though the added noise actually raises the noise floor in the  
final low-resolution signal, it sounds better because human hearing finds  
low level broadband noise to be much less objectionable than spurious  
tones.  
This addition of noise before truncation is called dithering. The noise that  
is added is called the dither signal.  
In summary, dithering is a way of making digital audio better by making it  
worse.  
Bit Level  
In the ISP-100 the bit level of the dither signal is selectable as whole  
Processing Components - Dither  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-28  
numbers between 16 and 24 bits, inclusive. The bit level of the dither  
signal should be set to the bit resolution of the destination for the  
data. The resulting dither signal will have an amplitude equal to ±1.0  
quantization level (peak-to-peak) at the selected Bit Level.  
Using the examples, the bit level for the dither signal should be set to  
20 bits when the data are destined for the 20-bit D/A converters, and  
to 16 bits when the data are destined for the DAT recorder.  
Dither Signal Characteristics  
The dither signal used in the ISP-100 has a highpass spectral shape  
for reduced audibility. It is characterized by approximately a +6 dB/  
octave slope in the audio band.  
The dither signal used in the ISP-100 has a triangular probability  
density function (TPDF) for the minimization of noise modulation  
effects.  
Bypass  
Bypassing dither results in no dither whatsoever being added to the  
signal. This is different than setting the dither to the 24th bit level.  
Dither Bit Level  
To change settings, click on the arrow next to the number in the text  
box. A selection list will appear. The list may or may not be  
scrollable. To make a selection click on the desired entry.  
Bypass Control (master)  
This button determines if the component is in the processing chain. If  
the LED on the button is gray, then the component is inserted into  
the signal processing chain. If the LED is red, then the component is  
bypassed in the signal processing chain. A bypassed component will  
be colored red in the QuickMAP.  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-29  
Filter  
Figure 8-14 Filter component.  
The filter component  
can be used to  
implement custom  
crossovers.  
Filters (see Figure 8-14) are used to modify the spectral balance,  
frequency content, or phase response of the signals upon which they  
operate.  
Filter Bands  
The filters in the ISP-100 are arranged in bands, each of which  
represent a single 2nd-order filter in the DSP code. Each band can  
be configured as one of seventeen different filter types:  
LowPass Filter, 6 dB/octave  
LowPass Filter, 12 dB/octave*  
HighPass Filter, 6 dB/octave  
HighPass Filter, 12 dB/octave*  
LowShelf Filter, 6 dB/octave  
LowShelf Filter, 12 dB/octave  
HighShelf Filter, 6 dB/octave  
HighShelf Filter, 12 dB/octave  
Notch Filter  
Parametric EQ Filter  
Peaked HighPass Filter  
AllPass Filter, 1st-order  
AllPass Filter, 2nd-order  
* More filters available in the Crossover filters.  
Processing Components - Filter  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-30  
All filters in the ISP-100 are derived from analog prototypes. The  
analog filters are approximated by the Bilinear Transform method,  
prewarped to match response at the critical frequency appropriate for  
the type of filter (cutoff frequency for LowPass/HighPass and Peaked  
HighPass; hinge frequency for LowShelf/HighShelf; center frequency  
for all others).  
Each filter band may be bypassed; so as to pass the signal  
unaltered.  
LowPass Filters  
LowPass Filters pass low frequencies and stop high frequencies.  
Since it is not realistically possible to create a perfect filter that  
passes low frequencies totally unaltered and stops high frequencies  
completely, lowpass filter design involves compromises that allow  
some rounding of the corner at the filter cutoff frequency and some  
slope in the transition to the high frequency stopband. Different  
compromise schemes are given different names; the ISP-100  
incorporates Bessel, Butterworth, and Linkwitz-Riley lowpass filter  
types.  
The cutoff frequency is defined as the frequency at which the  
magnitude of the filter response has fallen to -3 dB relative to the  
unfiltered signal in the Bessel and Butterworth types, and to -6 dB in  
the Linkwitz-Riley types. In the ISP-100 lowpass filters the cutoff  
frequency is continuously variable from 20Hz to 20 kHz.  
In the ISP-100 lowpass filters the passband slope is selectable from  
-6 dB/octave to -12 dB/octave for the Bessel and Butterworth types.  
NOTE: Linkwitz-Riley filters are also known as Butterworth-Squared  
filters because they are the product of two Butterworth filters. A -12  
dB/octave Linkwitz-Riley lowpass filter may be constructed by  
cascading two identical -6 dB/octave Butterworth lowpass filters; a -  
24 dB/octave Linkwitz-Riley lowpass filter may be constructed by  
cascading two identical -12 dB/octave Butterworth lowpass filters.  
HighPass Filters  
HighPass Filters pass high frequencies and stop low frequencies.  
Since it is not realistically possible to create a perfect filter that  
passes high frequencies totally unaltered and stops low frequencies  
completely, highpass filter design involves compromises that allow  
some rounding of the corner at the filter cutoff frequency and some  
slope in the transition to the low frequency stopband. Different  
compromise schemes are given different names; the ISP-100  
incorporates Bessel, Butterworth, and Linkwitz-Riley lowpass filter  
types.  
The cutoff frequency is defined as the frequency at which the  
magnitude of the filter response has fallen to -3 dB relative to the  
unfiltered signal in the Bessel and Butterworth types, and to -6 dB in  
the Linkwitz-Riley types. In the ISP-100 highpass filters the cutoff  
frequency is continuously variable from 20Hz to 20 kHz.  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-31  
In the ISP-100 highpass filters the passband slope is selectable from  
6 dB/octave, 12 dB/octave, 18 dB/octave, and 24 dB/octave for the  
Bessel and Butterworth types, and from 12 dB/octave and 24 dB/  
octave for the Linkwitz-Riley type.  
NOTE: Linkwitz-Riley filters are also known as Butterworth-Squared  
filters because they are the product of two Butterworth filters. A 12  
dB/octave Linkwitz-Riley highpass filter may be constructed by  
cascading two identical 6 dB/octave Butterworth highpass filters; a  
24 dB/octave Linkwitz-Riley highpass filter may be constructed by  
cascading two identical 12 dB/octave Butterworth highpass filters.  
LowShelf Filters  
LowShelf Filters raise or lower the magnitude response at  
frequencies below the hinge frequency without altering the response  
at frequencies above the hinge frequency. Since it is not realistically  
possible to create a perfect filter that alters only low frequencies  
without affecting high frequencies, lowshelf filter design involves  
compromises that allow some rounding of the corner at the filter  
hinge frequency and some slope in the transition to the unaltered  
high frequencies.  
The hinge frequency is defined as the frequency at which the  
magnitude of the filter response is changed by (approximately) 3 dB  
relative to the unfiltered signal. In the ISP-100 lowshelf filters the  
hinge frequency is continuously variable from 20Hz to 20 kHz.  
In the ISP-100 lowshelf filters the transition band slope is selectable  
from 6 dB/octave and 12 dB/octave.  
In the ISP-100 lowshelf filters the boost/cut is continuously variable  
from -12 dB to +12 dB.  
NOTE: When a lowshelf filter with boost is selected, the expected  
filter frequency response is characterized by boosted low  
frequencies and unaltered high frequencies. In the ISP-100 this filter  
will exhibit unaltered response at low frequencies and cut response  
at high frequencies. The shape of the frequency response will be  
exactly as expected, but the level of the response will be shifted  
downward by an amount exactly equal to the selected boost quantity.  
This is necessary to prevent numerical overflow problems in the  
DSP filter coefficients, and represents normal operation for the  
lowshelf filter.  
HighShelf Filters  
HighShelf Filters raise or lower the magnitude response at  
frequencies above the hinge frequency without altering the response  
at frequencies below the hinge frequency. Since it is not realistically  
possible to create a perfect filter that alters only high frequencies  
without affecting low frequencies, highshelf filter design involves  
compromises that allow some rounding of the corner at the filter  
hinge frequency and some slope in the transition to the unaltered low  
frequencies.  
Processing Components - Filter  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-32  
The hinge frequency is defined as the frequency at which the  
magnitude of the filter response is changed by (approximately) 3 dB  
relative to the unfiltered signal. In the ISP-100 highshelf filters the  
hinge frequency is continuously variable from 20Hz to 20 kHz.  
In the ISP-100 highshelf filters the transition band slope is selectable  
from 6 dB/octave and 12 dB/octave.  
In the ISP-100 highshelf filters the boost/cut is continuously variable  
from -12 dB to +12 dB.  
NOTE: When a highshelf filter with boost is selected, the expected  
filter frequency response is characterized by boosted high  
frequencies and unaltered low frequencies. In the ISP-100 this filter  
will exhibit unaltered response at high frequencies and cut response  
at low frequencies. The shape of the frequency response will be  
exactly as expected, but the level of the response will be shifted  
downward by an amount exactly equal to the selected boost quantity.  
This is necessary to prevent numerical overflow problems in the  
DSP filter coefficients, and represents normal operation for the  
highshelf filter.  
Notch Filters  
Notch Filters pass all frequencies except for the notch frequency,  
which they stop completely. Since it is not realistically possible to  
create a perfect filter that stops one frequency completely and  
passes all other frequencies totally unaltered, notch filter design  
involves compromises that allow some width in the notch and less  
than infinite attenuation at the notch frequency.  
In the ISP-100 notch filters the notch frequency is continuously  
variable from 20 Hz to 20 kHz.  
In the ISP-100 notch filters the notch width is continuously variable  
from 1/12 octave to 1 octave.  
In the ISP-100 notch filters the notch depth (attenuation at the notch  
frequency) is continuously variable from -50 dB to 0 dB.  
NOTE: The width of a notch filter is defined by the points on either  
side of the notch at which the response is -3 dB relative to the  
unaltered signal, not at the points where the response has risen +3  
dB relative to the notch depth. The ISP-100 notch filters use the  
correct definition of width, so a 1/12 octave notch in the ISP-100 is  
considerably narrower than a 1/12 octave parametric EQ filter whose  
width is defined relative to the notch depth.  
Parametric EQ Filters  
Equalization (EQ) filters are used to modify the frequency response  
in a band of frequencies. Parametric EQ filters provide for  
adjustment of all filter parameters (center frequency, boost or cut,  
and bandwidth), as opposed to graphic EQ filters which have fixed  
frequency and bandwidth and provide only for adjustment of boost or  
cut.  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-33  
The EQ filters in the ISP-100 are full parametric. Each may be  
adjusted for center frequency, boost or cut, and bandwidth.  
Center Frequency  
The center frequency is the frequency at which the maximum  
boost or cut takes place. In the ISP-100 EQ filters the center  
frequency is continuously variable from 20 Hz to 20 kHz.  
Bandwidth  
The bandwidth is measured at the points on either side of the  
center frequency where the boost is 3 dB less than the  
maximum boost or the cut is 3 dB less than the maximum cut,  
whichever is appropriate. In the ISP-100 filters, bandwidth can  
be expressed in either octave fraction (fractions of an octave, or  
number of octaves if the bandwidth is greater than a full octave)  
or quality (Q).  
Bandwidth can be  
displayed in terms  
of Q or octave  
fraction. See page  
7-3 for information  
on changing the way  
filter bandwidth is  
displayed.  
The conversions between octave fraction and Q are:  
1
1
Q2  
octave fraction = 2 log2  
+
+ 4 −1  
Q
and  
1
Q =  
octave fraction  
2
-octave fraction  
2
2
−2  
Figure 8-15 Octave Fraction vs. Q relationship.  
The relationship between octave fraction and Q is shown in  
Figure 8-15.  
Processing Components - Filter  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-34  
In the ISP-100 EQ filters the bandwidth is continuously variable  
from 1/12 octave to 3 octaves (which translates to Q between  
17.3 and 0.404).  
Boost and Cut  
In the ISP-100 EQ filters the boost/cut is continuously variable  
from +12 dB to -12 dB.  
Peaked HighPass Filters  
The Peaked HighPass filter supplied with the ISP-100 is designed to  
provide bass boost appropriate for low frequency extension in  
vented-box loudspeakers. As the input frequency is reduced, the  
filter response rises toward the selected peak magnitude at  
approximately the selected cutoff frequency, and then returns to a 12  
dB/octave rolloff characteristic below.  
Peak Magnitude  
In the ISP-100 Peaked HighPass filter the peak magnitude of the  
filter response is continuously variable from 0 dB to +20 dB. The  
peak occurs at approximately the selected cutoff frequency  
when the selected Peak Magnitude is large; it occurs at  
somewhat higher frequency when the selected Peak Magnitude  
is small. (If the peak magnitude is selected to be 0 dB, then the  
peak occurs at infinite frequency and the actual magnitude at the  
cutoff frequency is -3 dB.)  
Figure 8-16 Peak Magnitude vs. Q relationship.  
The relationship between Peak Magnitude and filter Q is shown  
in Figure 8-16.  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-35  
Cutoff Frequency  
The cutoff frequency is the design frequency of the highpass  
filter, and is only approximately representative of the location of  
the magnitude peak. In the ISP-100 the cutoff frequency is  
continuously variable from 20 Hz to 20 kHz.  
AllPass Filters  
AllPass Filters shift phase without altering magnitude. The allpass  
filters supplied with the ISP-100 are designed to provide phase  
compensation for multiway Linkwitz-Riley crossover networks. The  
1st-order allpass filters compensate for 2nd-order (12 dB/octave)  
Linkwitz-Riley crossovers; the 2nd-order allpass filters compensate  
for 4th-order (24 dB/octave) Linkwitz-Riley crossovers.  
A detailed explanation of the use of allpass compensation may be  
found in “Active Realization of Multiway All-Pass Crossover  
Systems” by Joseph A. D’Appolito; Journal of the Audio Engineering  
Society, Volume 35, Number 4, April 1987.  
In the ISP-100 allpass filters the filter order is selectable from 1st-  
order and 2nd-order.  
In the ISP-100 allpass filters the center frequency is continuously  
variable from 20 Hz to 20 kHz.  
Filter Type  
To change settings, click on the arrow next to the entry in the text  
box. A selection list will appear. The list may or may not be  
scrollable. To make a selection click on the desired entry.  
Active Band  
To change settings, click on the arrow next to the number in the text  
box. A selection list will appear. The list may or may not be  
scrollable. To make a selection click on the desired entry.  
Bypass  
The Bypass control bypasses an individual filter band. If the LED on  
the button is gray, then the filter band is active. If the LED on the  
button is red, then the filter band is bypassed.  
Bypass Control (master)  
This button determines if the component is in the processing chain. If  
the LED on the button is gray, then the component is inserted into  
the signal processing chain. If the LED is red, then the component is  
bypassed in the signal processing chain. A bypassed component will  
be colored red in the QuickMAP.  
Frequency in Hz  
The center frequency of a filter can be adjusted three ways:  
Using the Text Box  
Click in the box. Using the Back Space and/or Delete keys  
erases the current entry and enters the new level. Be sure to  
press the Enter key after the entry is made. Clicking outside the  
Processing Components - Filter  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-36  
text box without pressing the Enter key will cause the setting to  
return to the number that it was before a change was attempted.  
Alternatively, click and drag across the number in the box to  
highlight the number in it. Type the new setting and press the  
Enter key when finished.  
Using the UP/DOWN Arrows  
To increase the level, click on the up arrow. To decrease the  
level attenuation, click on the down arrow. The amount of  
increase or decrease is controlled by the fine/coarse control.  
Using the Filter Tool  
Click on the triangle associated with the filter band that needs its  
center frequency adjusted. While holding the mouse button  
down, drag the mouse from side to side. A display indicating the  
current center frequency will appear. When the desired  
frequency is reached, release the mouse button. Please note  
that exact center frequencies may be impossible to obtain using  
this method.  
Boost/Cut  
Filter bands can be  
stacked for  
increased boost/cut.  
The Boost (gain) or Cut (attenuation) of a filter can be adjusted three  
ways:  
Using the Text Box  
Click in the box. Using the Back Space and/or Delete keys  
erases the current entry and enters the new level. Be sure to  
press the Enter key after the entry is made. Clicking outside the  
text box without pressing the Enter key will cause the setting to  
return to the number that it was before a change was attempted.  
Alternatively, click and drag across the number in the box to  
highlight the number in it. Type the new setting and press the  
Enter key when finished.  
Using the UP/DOWN Arrows  
To increase the level, click on the up arrow. To decrease the  
level attenuation, click on the down arrow. The amount of  
increase or decrease is controlled by the fine/coarse control.  
Using the Filter Tool  
Click on the red dot on the active filter band. While holding down  
the mouse button, move the mouse up and down. A display will  
appear indicating the amount of boost or cut. When the desired  
level is reached, release the mouse button.  
Bandwidth  
The Bandwidth of the filter can be adjusted in three ways:  
Using the Text Box  
Click in the box. Using the Back Space and/or Delete keys  
erases the current entry and enters the new level. Be sure to  
press the Enter key after the entry is made. Clicking outside the  
text box without pressing the Enter key will cause the setting to  
return to the number that it was before a change was attempted.  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-37  
Alternatively, click and drag across the number in the box to  
highlight the number in it. Type the new setting and press the  
Enter key when finished.  
Using the UP/DOWN Arrows  
To increase the level, click on the up arrow. To decrease the  
level attenuation, click on the down arrow. The amount of  
increase or decrease is controlled by the fine/coarse control.  
Using the Filter Tool  
Right-click on the red dot on the active filter band. While holding  
down the right-mouse button, move the mouse from side-to-side.  
A display will appear indicating the bandwidth of the filter. When  
the desired level is reached, release the right-mouse button.  
Using the Magnitude (Mag.) or Phase Control  
This button allows the user to view the composite filter response in  
either a magnitude vs. frequency or phase vs. frequency  
environment. Clicking on the button will toggle the setting.  
Using the Logarithmic (Log.) or Linear Control  
This button allows the user to view the composite filter response in  
either a logarithmic or linear environment. Clicking on the button will  
toggle the setting.  
Using the 24 dB, 40 dB, 120 dB Controls  
These buttons allow the user to view the composite filter response in  
three different dynamic ranges. Clicking on one of the buttons will set  
the dynamic range.  
Gain Trim  
The Gain Trim can be used to shift response up or down. This is  
especially useful with shelving filters. With shelving filters in a boost  
situation, an amount of gain trim equal to the amount of boost should  
be added. Gain trim does not need to be added in the case of a  
shelving filter with cut. The Gain Trim can be adjusted two ways:  
Using the Text Box  
Click in the box. Using the Back Space and/or Delete keys  
erases the current entry and enters the new level. Be sure to  
press the Enter key after the entry is made. Clicking outside the  
text box without pressing the Enter key will cause the setting to  
return to the number that it was before a change was attempted.  
Alternatively, click and drag across the number in the box to  
highlight the number in it. Type the new setting and press the  
Enter key when finished.  
Using the Slider  
Click on the indicator on the slider and while continuing to hold  
down the mouse button, move the mouse side-to-side. The  
numbers in the box next to the slider will change. When the  
desired level is reached, release the mouse button.  
Processing Components - Filter  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-38  
Fine (F) or Coarse (C) Control  
This button determines the increment/decrement associated with the  
UP/DOWN arrows. Fine produces small steps in value, while Coarse  
provides large steps in value. Clicking on the button will toggle the  
setting.  
Isolate (Iso) Control  
This button allows the user to toggle between viewing either the  
composite response of all active filters in the filter bank or the  
composite response of an individual filter. Clicking on the button will  
toggle the setting.  
Polarity Control (+/-)  
This button determines the polarity of the signal. A + indicates that  
the signal will not have it’s phase altered. A - indicates that the  
signal’s phase will be changed 180°. Clicking on the button will  
toggle the setting.  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-39  
Gain  
Figure 8-17 Gain component.  
Gain (see Figure 8-17) is the first function applied to all ISP-100 input  
data. The gain component performs many operations, including metering  
of raw input data (pre-fader), application of up to 18 dB gain, 96 dB  
attenuation, or full-muting, metering of data after the level has been  
changed (post-fader), and polarity inversion.  
Metering  
Gain includes peak-reading meters. The meters show the amplitude  
of the individual digital samples having the largest absolute value.  
The meters are graduated in dB and referenced to digital clipping  
(dBFS; dB relative to Full Scale).  
Because of their peak-reading nature, gain meters are not useful for  
monitoring average signal levels as the peak level of a signal can  
exceed its average by a tremendous amount. The advantage of true  
peak-indicating meters in a digital signal processor like the ISP-100  
lies in their ability to indicate digital clipping. Regardless of the  
average level of a signal, if any peaks in the signal are clipped then  
the Gain meter reads 0 dB.  
Gain and Polarity  
Application of attenuation within the gain component is accomplished  
by multiplying each data sample by a number whose absolute value  
lies between 8.0 (+18 dB) and 0.000015625 (-96 dB). Muting is  
accomplished by multiplying each sample by zero. Polarity inversion  
is accomplished by multiplying by a negative number. All gain and  
polarity changes are soft, meaning that they are gradually changed  
from the old setting to the new in order to help prevent the  
occurrence of clicks or pops.  
Bypass  
Bypassing the gain component is equivalent to setting its attenuation  
Processing Components - Gain  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-40  
to 0 dB and its polarity to positive (in-phase). Bypassing in a muted  
channel un-mutes it.  
Metering  
The meter located at the left of the component measures level in  
dBFS. The meter’s level will turn red 3 dB before clipping. The red  
clip light is located at the top of the meter. The green signal present  
light is located at the bottom of the meter.  
Master Attenuator  
The Master Attenuator can be adjusted three ways:  
Using the Slider  
Click on the indicator on the slider and while continuing to hold  
down the mouse button, move the mouse up and down. The  
numbers in the box below the slider will change. When the  
desired level is reached, release the mouse button.  
Using the Text Box  
Click in the box. Using the Back Space and/or Delete keys  
erases the current entry and enters the new level. Be sure to  
press the Enter key after the entry is made. Clicking outside the  
text box without pressing the Enter key will cause the setting to  
return to the number that it was before a change was attempted.  
Alternatively, click and drag across the number in the box to  
highlight the number in it. Type the new setting and press the  
Enter key when finished.  
Using the UP/DOWN Arrows  
To increase the level, click on the up arrow. To decrease the  
level attenuation, click on the down arrow. The amount of  
increase or decrease is controlled by the fine/coarse control.  
Fine or Coarse Control  
This button determines the increment/decrement associated with the  
UP/DOWN arrows. Fine produces small steps in value, while Coarse  
provides large steps in value. Clicking on the button will toggle the  
setting.  
Polarity Control (+/-)  
This button determines the polarity of the signal. A + indicates that  
the signal will not have it’s phase altered. A - indicates that the  
signal’s phase will be changed 180°. Clicking on the button will  
toggle the setting.  
Mute Control  
This button determines if the input signal will be muted. A gray LED  
indicates that the signal is not muted, while a red LED indicates that  
the signal is muted. Clicking on the button will toggle the setting.  
Pre-Fader Metering (PFM)  
This button determines if the meter is getting its data pre- or post-  
fader. A gray LED indicates that the meter information is post-fader  
10 June 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-41  
(i.e. after the master attenuator). A green LED indicates that the  
meter information is pre-fader. Clicking on the button will toggle the  
setting.  
Processing Components - Gain  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-42  
Gate  
Figure 8-18 Gate component.  
A gate (see Figure 8-18) is used in situations where the input signal is  
characterized by long periods of silence and a noticeably high noise  
floor, such as a signal taken from magnetic tape or from an open  
microphone. Gating is accomplished by attenuating the output signal  
during the periods of input silence in order to reduce the audibility of the  
noise.  
Familiar Controls  
Most of the controls in the ISP-100 Gate are common to nearly all  
traditional noise gates. These controls should be familiar to anyone  
with experience in the operation of any gate.  
Threshold  
The Threshold control adjusts the input signal level below which  
attenuation is applied. When the average input signal level is  
above the threshold value, no attenuation is applied and the  
level of the output signal exactly matches the level of the input  
signal. When the average input signal is below the threshold  
value, attenuation is applied and the level of the output signal is  
less than the level of the input signal by the amount dictated by  
the selected gated attenuation value.  
Threshold is adjustable in the range {-60 dBFS to 0 dBFS}.  
Opening Time  
A gate monitors the level of the input signal and controls the  
level of the output signal accordingly. When the average input  
signal level increases from below threshold to above, a gate  
opens (removes all attenuation) so that the output signal level  
matches the input signal level. Desirable sound effects can  
sometimes be created if a gate is forced to ramp the output  
signal level to its new value gradually rather than  
instantaneously. The Opening Time control adjusts the duration  
of this ramp.  
Opening Time is adjustable in the range 20 µSec (one sample)  
to 50 mSec.  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-43  
Closing Time  
A gate monitors the level of the input signal and controls the  
level of the output signal accordingly. When the average input  
signal level decreases from above threshold to below, a gate  
closes (applies attenuation) so that the output signal level is less  
than the input signal level. A gate generally sounds better if it is  
forced to ramp the output signal level to its new value gradually  
rather than instantaneously. The Closing Time control adjusts  
the duration of this ramp.  
Closing Time is adjustable in the range 20 µSec (one sample) to  
5 Sec.  
Key Channel  
There are situations in which gating is applied to one channel  
based upon the level in another channel. This might be used in a  
stereo signal pair to prevent image shift; one of the channels  
would be considered to be the level reference and the gates in  
both channels would be set up identically.  
The Key Channel selection indicates the channel whose level is  
to be used to control the gate. If the input channel is to control  
itself, then it should be selected as the Key Channel. Otherwise  
the appropriate other channel should be selected from the set of  
available Key Channels in the menu.  
Unfamiliar Controls  
There are two controls on the ISP-100 gate that are not available in  
traditional noise gates. These controls provide much greater  
flexibility and utility to this gate than can be achieved with traditional  
gates.  
Gated Attenuation  
The gated attenuation is the amount of attenuation that is  
applied to a signal whose average level falls below the selected  
threshold. Most traditional noise gates use a fixed attenuation or  
simply mute the channel completely. The ISP-100 gate provides  
for operator control of the gated attenuation.  
Gated Attenuation is adjustable in the range -100 dB to 0 dB.  
Detection Window  
The detection window is the period of time over which the gate  
computes the average signal level. Every noise gate that  
operates upon average signal level uses a detection window. In  
traditional gates this window is of fixed length, and the operator  
may not even be aware of that length.  
The ISP-100 gate provides for operator control of the length of  
the detection window. Very dynamic signals and signals  
containing a lot of high frequency energy require shorter  
detection windows. Non-dynamic signals and signals containing  
mostly low frequency energy require longer detection windows.  
Processing Components - Gate  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-44  
Detection Window is adjustable in the range 20 µSec (one  
sample) to 5 Sec.  
Metering  
The gate meter shows the attenuation applied to the signal passing  
through the gate at any given moment in time. When the signal is  
below threshold and the gate is closed, the meter indicates negative  
values (gain less than 1.0). When the signal is above threshold and  
the gate is open, the meter indicates 0 dB (gain of 1.0). Meter values  
are raw, no averaging or ballistics are applied.  
Notes on Operation of the Gate  
Bypass  
Bypassing a gate causes the signal to pass through unaltered.  
Computation of Average Level  
There are two common methods of computing average signal  
level; one is based upon RMS (Root Mean Square) calculations,  
and the other is based upon Absolute Value calculations. Each  
of these methods produces a slightly different value for signal  
level, and the difference depends upon the characteristics of the  
signal itself. The ISP-100 gate uses Absolute Value for its  
computation of signal level, so the level reported by the gate  
may differ slightly from the RMS value expected for a given  
signal.  
Keying from Other Channels  
When the key channel input to a ISP-100 gate is selected to be  
a channel other than its input, the gate controls must still be set.  
The key channel selects only the channel’s data, not its gate  
control settings. If multiple gates utilize the same channel as  
their key sources, then all controls on all gates must still be  
configured.  
Metering  
The meter located to the left of the component indicates the amount  
of attenuation in dB.  
Attenuation and Threshold Controls  
These controls can be adjusted three ways:  
Using the Slider  
Click on the indicator on the slider and while continuing to hold  
down the mouse button, move the mouse up and down. The  
numbers in the box below the slider will change. When the  
desired level is reached, release the mouse button.  
Using the Text Box  
Click in the box. Using the Back Space and/or Delete keys  
erases the current entry and enters the new level. Be sure to  
press the Enter key after the entry is made. Clicking outside the  
text box without pressing the Enter key will cause the setting to  
return to the number that it was before a change was attempted.  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-45  
Alternatively, click and drag across the number in the box to  
highlight the number in it. Type the new setting and press the  
Enter key when finished.  
Using the UP/DOWN Arrows  
To increase the level, click on the up arrow. To decrease the  
level attenuation, click on the down arrow. The amount of  
increase or decrease is controlled by the fine/coarse control.  
Open, Window, Close Controls  
These controls can be adjusted three ways:  
Using the Knob  
Click on the indicator on the knob and while continuing to hold  
down the mouse button, move the mouse in an arc. The  
numbers in the box below the knob will change. When the  
desired level is reached, release the mouse button.  
Using the Text Box  
Click in the box. Using the Back Space and/or Delete keys  
erases the current entry and enters the new level. Be sure to  
press the Enter key after the entry is made. Clicking outside the  
text box without pressing the Enter key will cause the setting to  
return to the number that it was before a change was attempted.  
Alternatively, click and drag across the number in the box to  
highlight the number in it. Type the new setting and press the  
Enter key when finished.  
Using the UP/DOWN Arrows  
To increase the level, click on the up arrow. To decrease the  
level attenuation, click on the down arrow. The amount of  
increase or decrease is controlled by the fine/coarse control.  
Key Channel  
To change settings click on the desired entry.  
Fine (F) or Coarse (C) Control  
This button determines the increment/decrement associated with the  
UP/DOWN arrows. Fine produces small steps in value, while Coarse  
provides large steps in value. Clicking on the button will toggle the  
setting.  
Bypass Control (master)  
This button determines if the component is in the processing chain. If  
the LED on the button is gray, then the component is inserted into  
the signal processing chain. If the LED is red, then the component is  
bypassed in the signal processing chain. A bypassed component will  
be colored red in the QuickMAP.  
Processing Components - Gate  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-46  
Limiter  
Figure 8-19 Limiter component.  
A limiter (see Figure 8-18) is used in situations where the output signal  
must not exceed a given level, regardless of any increase in the level of  
the input signal. Limiting is often used for system protection purposes,  
such as the avoidance of amplifier clipping or the prevention of  
mechanical or thermal damage to loudspeaker components.  
Familiar Controls  
Most of the controls in the ISP-100 Limiter are common to nearly all  
traditional dynamic range limiters. These controls should be familiar  
to anyone with experience in the operation of any limiter.  
Threshold  
The Threshold control adjusts the input signal level above which  
limiting is applied. When the input signal level is below the  
threshold value, no limiting takes place and the change in level  
of the output signal exactly matches the change in level of the  
input signal. When the input signal level is above the threshold  
value, limiting is applied such that the output signal level does  
not increase, regardless of any increase in the input signal level.  
Threshold is adjustable in the range {-60 dBFS to 0 dBFS}.  
Attack Time  
A limiter monitors the level of the input signal and controls the  
level of the output signal accordingly. When the input signal level  
suddenly increases, a limiter allows the output signal level to  
also increase, but only up to the threshold setting and not  
beyond. Desirable sound effects can sometimes be created if a  
limiter is forced to ramp the output signal level to its new value  
gradually rather than instantaneously. The Attack Time control  
adjusts the duration of this ramp.  
Attack Time is adjustable in the range {20 uSec (one sample) to  
50 mSec}.  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-47  
Release Time  
A limiter monitors the level of the input signal and controls the  
level of the output signal accordingly. When the input signal level  
suddenly decreases, a limiter allows the output signal level to  
also decrease only as much as is appropriate, given the  
relationship between the new input signal level and the threshold  
setting. A limiter generally sounds better if it is forced to ramp the  
output signal level to its new value gradually rather than  
instantaneously. The Release Time control adjusts the duration  
of this ramp.  
Release Time is adjustable in the range {20 µSec (one sample)  
to 5 Sec}.  
Knee Selection  
Below the threshold level, no limiting is applied and any changes  
in input level are matched exactly by changes in output level.  
Above the threshold level, limiting is applied and changes in the  
output level are not allowed regardless of the input level. The  
transition from no limiting to limiting can be set to take place  
abruptly or gradually.  
Under hard knee conditions the output level tracks the input level  
perfectly as it rises up to the threshold. Above the threshold the  
output level does not change. There is an abrupt transition from  
no limiting below the threshold to limiting above.  
Under soft knee conditions the output level and the input level  
track until approximately 12-18 dB below the threshold, beyond  
which they slowly begin to diverge. The output level is  
approximately 2.5 dB below the input level at the threshold. The  
divergence continues to increase gradually until approximately  
6 dB above the threshold, at which point the output level is equal  
to the threshold value and beyond which the output level no  
longer rises. There is a smooth, gradual transition from no  
limiting below the threshold to limiting above.  
The sonic differences between the two knee types are often  
subtle and are very much signal-dependent. Experimentation is  
recommended.  
Sidechain Source  
There are situations in which limiting is applied to one channel  
based upon the level in another channel. This might be used in a  
stereo signal pair to prevent image shift; one of the channels  
would be considered to be the level reference and the limiters in  
both channels would be set up identically.  
The Sidechain Source channel selection indicates the channel  
whose level is to be used to control the limiter. The choices for  
sidechain source are the input channel itself, one other channel,  
or the maximum amplitude of these two at any given moment.  
This makes stereo linking possible by configuring the limiters  
identically and utilizing the same sidechain source for both.  
Processing Components - Limiter  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-48  
Unfamiliar Controls  
There are two controls on the ISP-100 limiter that are not available in  
traditional dynamic range limiters. These controls provide much  
greater flexibility and utility to this limiter than can be achieved with  
traditional limiters.  
Detection Window  
The detection window is the period of time over which the limiter  
computes the average signal level. Every dynamic range limiter  
that operates upon average signal level uses a detection  
window. In traditional limiters this window is of fixed length, and  
the operator may not even be aware of that length.  
Some traditional limiters provide switching between average and  
peak detection. This is actually just a selection between a  
relatively long detection window of generally a few tens or  
hundreds of milliseconds, and a very short detection window of  
generally a few tens or hundreds of microseconds.  
The ISP-100 limiter provides for operator control of the length of  
the detection window. Very dynamic signals and signals  
containing a lot of high frequency energy require shorter  
detection windows. Non-dynamic signals and signals containing  
mostly low frequency energy require longer detection windows.  
Detection Window is adjustable in the range {20 uSec (one  
sample) to 5 Sec}.  
Crest Factor Sensitivity  
A signal’s crest factor is the ratio of a its peak level to its average  
level. The signal having the lowest possible crest factor is the  
square wave, whose peak and average levels are equal and  
whose crest factor is therefore 1.0. The peak level of a pure  
sinewave tone is 1.414 times its average level; a sinewave  
therefore has a crest factor of 1.414. Most music and speech  
signals contain peaks that are very much higher than their  
average levels, therefore their crest factors are very much  
greater than one. The important points to remember are that a  
signal’s peak value is always greater than or equal to its average  
value, and that the crest factor of any signal is therefore always  
greater than or equal to 1.0.  
The Crest Factor Sensitivity adjustment on the ISP-100 limiter  
function controls its sensitivity to the crest factor of the input  
signal. It works like this:  
The signal level detection algorithm used in the ISP-100  
limiter consists of two separate detectors operating in parallel.  
One of the detectors computes the average level over the  
selected detection window; the other computes the peak level  
of each input sample.  
The peak level is multiplied by the setting of the Crest Factor  
Sensitivity control — always a number between zero and  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-49  
one. The two quantities are then compared and the larger is  
returned as the signal level.  
When the Crest Factor Sensitivity is set to 0.00 the ISP-100  
limiter operates as a traditional limiter responding to average  
signal levels; when the Crest Factor Sensitivity is set to 1.00 the  
ISP-100 limiter operates as a traditional limiter responding to  
peak signal levels. Values in-between represent various hybrids  
of the two. If the limiter is to ignore peaks and respond only to  
average levels, then the Crest Factor Sensitivity may be set near  
zero. If the limiter is to respond only to peaks, then the Crest  
Factor Sensitivity may be set near one.  
Good results may be obtained by following these steps:  
1. Set the Crest Factor Sensitivity to 0.00. This will cause the  
ISP-100 limiter to behave like a traditional limiter responding  
to average signal levels.  
2. Set all of the other limiter controls as appropriate for the  
signal being limited, just as they would be set in a traditional  
limiter.  
3. Adjust the Crest Factor Sensitivity control so that the limiter  
responds appropriately to short signal peaks. If it were  
possible to know, in advance, what the crest factor of the  
input signal was going to be, then the Crest Factor Sensitivity  
control would ideally be set to 1/(the crest factor of the input  
signal).  
Since this quantity is not generally known, it is best to  
experiment until satisfactory results are obtained.  
Metering  
The limiter meter shows the attenuation applied to the signal  
passing through the limiter at any given moment in time. When  
the signal is being limited the meter indicates negative values  
(gain less than 1.0). When the signal is not being limited the  
meter indicates 0 dB (gain of 1.0). Meter values are raw, no  
averaging or ballistics are applied.  
Notes on Operation of the Limiter:  
Bypass  
Bypassing a limiter causes the signal to pass through unaltered.  
Overshoot  
The limiter algorithm used in the ISP-100 allows for a small  
amount of overshoot on transients, regardless of the settings of  
the Detection Window and Crest Factor Sensitivity controls. The  
amount of overshoot is somewhat dependent upon the setting of  
the Threshold control; the lower the threshold the greater the  
overshoot. This represents normal operation for the limiter.  
Processing Components - Limiter  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-50  
Computation of Average Level  
There are two common methods of computing average signal  
level; one is based upon RMS (Root Mean Square) calculations,  
and the other is based upon Absolute Value calculations. Each  
of these methods produces a slightly different value for signal  
level, and the difference depends upon the characteristics of the  
signal itself. The ISP-100 limiter uses Absolute Value for its  
computation of signal level, so the level reported by the limiter  
may differ slightly from the RMS value expected for a given  
signal.  
Crest Factor Sensitivity and Sinewaves  
The peak level of a pure sinewave tone is 1.414 times its  
average level. The ISP-100 limiter will therefore apply  
approximately 3 dB more limiting to a pure sinewave signal  
when the Crest Factor Sensitivity is set to 1.00 (peak-  
responding) than when it is set to 0.00 (average-responding).  
This represents normal operation for the limiter.  
Sidechaining  
When the sidechain source for an ISP-100 limiter is selected to  
be a channel other than its own input, the limiter controls must  
still be set. The sidechain selects only the channel’s data, not its  
limiter control settings. If multiple limiters utilize the same  
channel as their sidechain sources, then all controls on all  
limiters must still be configured.  
Meter  
The meter located at the left of the component indicates the amount  
of attenuation taking place in dB.  
Threshold  
The Threshold can be adjusted three ways:  
Using the Slider  
Click on the indicator on the slider and while continuing to hold  
down the mouse button, move the mouse up and down. The  
numbers in the box below the slider will change. When the  
desired level is reached, release the mouse button.  
Using the Text Box  
Click in the box. Using the Back Space and/or Delete keys  
erases the current entry and enters the new level. Be sure to  
press the Enter key after the entry is made. Clicking outside the  
text box without pressing the Enter key will cause the setting to  
return to the number that it was before a change was attempted.  
Alternatively, click and drag across the number in the box to  
highlight the number in it. Type the new setting and press the  
Enter key when finished.  
Using the UP/DOWN Arrows  
To increase the level, click on the up arrow. To decrease the  
level attenuation, click on the down arrow. The amount of  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-51  
increase or decrease is controlled by the fine/coarse control.  
Attack, Window, Release, and Crest factor controls.  
All of these controls can be adjusted in three ways:  
Using the Knob  
Click on the indicator on the knob and while continuing to hold  
down the mouse button, move the mouse in an arc. The  
numbers in the box below the knob will change. When the  
desired level is reached, release the mouse button.  
Using the Text Box  
Click in the box. Using the Back Space and/or Delete keys  
erases the current entry and enters the new level. Be sure to  
press the Enter key after the entry is made. Clicking outside the  
text box without pressing the Enter key will cause the setting to  
return to the number that it was before a change was attempted.  
Alternatively, click and drag across the number in the box to  
highlight the number in it. Type the new setting and press the  
Enter key when finished.  
Using the UP/DOWN Arrows  
To increase the level, click on the up arrow. To decrease the  
level attenuation, click on the down arrow. The amount of  
increase or decrease is controlled by the fine/coarse control.  
Fine or Coarse Control  
This button determines the increment/decrement associated with the  
UP/DOWN arrows. Fine produces small steps in value, while Coarse  
provides large steps in value. Clicking on the button will toggle the  
setting.  
Knee Control  
This button determines the type of transition that occurs when the  
component goes from inactive to active. A Hard knee causes the  
response by the component to be abrupt, while a Soft knee causes a  
gentle response. Clicking on the button will toggle the setting.  
Bypass Control (master)  
This button determines if the component is in the processing chain. If  
the LED on the button is gray, then the component is inserted into  
the signal processing chain. If the LED is red, then the component is  
bypassed in the signal processing chain. A bypassed component will  
be colored red in the QuickMAP.  
Processing Components - Limiter  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
8-52  
Select  
Figure 8-20 Select component.  
The select function (see Figure 8-20) allows you to set the source that  
feeds portions of a QuickMAP. The user is allowed to select from as  
many inputs as the QuickMAP allows. An entire QuickMAP can be fed  
from a single source or multiple sources depending on the settings of the  
Selects within the QuickMAP.  
Note: The amount of available sources is determined by the QuickMAP  
and not the hardware configuration. For example: A particular QuickMAP  
has three source selects in it. This will require two input cards. The user  
is only able to select from three inputs (as determined by the QuickMAP)  
even though two input cards provide a total of four inputs in terms of  
hardware.  
Selecting the Input  
To select the input click on the button next to the input that you want  
to make active. The LED on the button should turn from gray to  
green. If a particular button is grayed out then it is not available for  
selection.  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
A-1  
GLOSSARY  
A to D  
Analog to Digital. Conversion of an analog signal to a digital representation.  
See CREST FACTOR.  
Amplitude factor  
Attack  
The rise of a musical note from zero to full volume.  
Attack time  
The time required for an applied signal that suddenly increases in amplitude to  
reach 1-(1/e), that is, 63.2% of its final, stable value.  
Attenuate  
To reduce in amplitude.  
Attenuation characteristic  
The decrease of signal amplitude versus frequency. It is usually expressed in  
decibels per octave.  
Attenuation constant  
Attenuator  
See ATTENUATION CHARACTERISITIC.  
A device for reducing signal amplitude in precise, predetermined steps, or  
smoothly over a continuous range.  
Audibility  
The quality of being able to be heard. In a healthy listener, the threshold of  
audibility is extremely low; at the threshold, the pressure of a sound wave  
varies from normal by approximately 10-4 pascals. The frequency range of  
human audibility extends roughly from 20 Hz to 20 kHz.  
Audible  
Boost  
Hear or capable of being heard.  
To increase the overall level of a signal.  
Clipper  
A circuit whose output voltage is fixed at a value for all input-voltages higher  
than a predetermined value. Clippers can flat-top the positive, negative, or  
both positive and negative peaks of an input voltage.  
Clipping  
1. Leveling off (flat-topping) a signal peak at a predetermined level. Also see  
CLIPPER. 2. In audio practice, the loss of syllables or words because of  
cutoff periods in the operation of the circuit (usually caused by overdriving a  
stage).  
Compress  
To reduce the bandwidth or dynamic range of a signal.  
Compression  
1. The reduction of output signal amplitude as input-signal amplitude rises. 2.  
Processing of a signal to increase low-level components and thereby raise the  
average power level. Usually a logarithmic function.  
Compression ratio  
Compressor  
In a system containing compression, the ratio A1/A2, where A1 is the gain at a  
reference-signal level and A2 is the gain at a specified higher signal level.  
A circuit or device which limits the amplitude of its output signal to a  
predetermined value in spite of wide variations in input signal amplitude.  
Unlike a CLIPPER a compressor does not flat-top output signal peaks.  
Crest factor  
For an AC wave, the ratio of the peak value to the rms value. The crest factor  
of a sine wave is equal to the square root of 2, or 1.4142126.  
Glossary  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
A-2  
Cut  
To reduce a signal’s overall amplitude.  
D to A  
Digital to Analog. Conversion of a digital representation to an analog  
equivalent signal.  
dBFS  
reaches  
dBm  
Decibels with respect to digital full scale. The full scale amplitude (zero dBFS  
value) is the peak value of a sinewave whose positive or negative peak just  
full scale.  
dB relative to a reference value of 1 milliwatt. dBm is thus a power unit and  
requires knowledge of power levels (voltage and current, voltage and  
impedance, or current and impedance) rather than just voltage.  
dBr  
Relative dB; dB relative to an arbitrary reference value. The reference value  
must be stated for this to be a meaningful unit.  
dBu  
dB relative to a reference of 0.7746 Volts. Since 0.7746 Volts is the voltage  
across a 600 Ohm resistor when one milliwatt is being dissipated in that  
resistor, dBu and dBm are numerically equal in a 600 Ohm impedance  
environment.  
dBV  
dB relative to a reference value of 1 Volt.  
Delay  
The interval between the instant at which a signal or force is applied or  
removed and the instant at which a circuit or device subsequently responds in  
a specified manner.  
Dither  
DSP  
The reduction of bits in a digital audio signal for use on a target system that  
uses a smaller number of bits than the originating system.  
Digital Signal Processing. The art and science of digitally encoding analog  
signals producing raw data, performing one or more mathematical routines on  
the raw data to produce final data for use by other digital systems, and/or  
conversion back to analog signals.  
Filter  
A circuit or device which passes one frequency or frequency band while  
blocking others, or vice versa.  
Filter attenuation  
In a selective filter, the power, current, or voltage loss, in decibels, that takes  
place within the passband.  
Filter attenuation band  
Filter cutoff  
The frequency band rejected by a band-suppression filter.  
The frequency at which the transmission figure of a filter is below its maximum  
value by a prescribed amount (typically -3 dB).  
Filter pass band  
Filter stop band  
Gain  
The frequency band defined by the upper and lower cutoff frequencies of a  
bandpass filter.  
The attenuation band of a band-suppression filter. See FILTER  
ATTENUATION BAND.  
See BOOST  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
A-3  
Gate  
A device or circuit which has no output until it is triggered into operation by one  
or more enabling signals, or until an input signal exceeds a predetermined  
threshold amplitude.  
Limiter  
A device or circuit whose output-signal amplitude remains at some  
predetermined level in spite of wide variations of input-signal amplitude.  
Limiting  
The restriction of the maximum peak amplitude of a signal to a designated  
level.  
Muting  
The act of preventing signal from being output.  
Phase shift  
1. A change in the displacement, as a function of time, of a periodic  
disturbance having constant frequency. 2. The magnitude of such a change,  
measured in fractions of a wavelength or in electrical degrees.  
Polarity  
See PHASE SHIFT  
QuickMAP  
The diagram outlining the processing components in a particular processing  
setup.  
QuickSET  
RS-232  
The group of component settings associated with a QuickMAP.  
A standard covering serial communications between computers and other  
equipment.  
Serial cable  
Serial port  
Threshold  
A cable used to connect between two serial ports. The connectors used are  
typically DB-9, DB-25, or RJ-45.  
A communications port located either on a computer or on computer  
controlled equipment.  
1. The initial (observable) point of an effect, e.g., threshold of hearing. 2. A  
predetermined point, such as a minimum current or voltage, for the start of  
operation of a circuit or device.  
Window  
An interval during which a circuit is gated open to permit signal sampling.  
During this interval, a window is figuratively OPEN to the signal.  
Glossary  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
A-4  
THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK  
INTENTIONALLY  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
B-1  
STANDARD QUICKMAPS™  
VUE-IT ships with eighteen standard QuickMAPs. These mappings were designed to be flexible enough to be  
applied in a wide variety of signal processing applications. This appendix provides drawings of the  
QuickMAPs for reference purposes. The drawings begin on page B-2.  
Identification of Slots and Connectors  
The slots and connectors used are indicated by either the word IN in the case of an input or OUT in the case  
of an output. In both cases the word IN or OUT is followed by a number (1-5) and a letter (A or B). The  
number indicates the slot which is used and the letter indicates the connector used. For example: IN 1A  
would indicate that it is an input using connector A of slot 1.  
Applying QuickMAPs  
When looking for a QuickMAP that fits your application it is important that you keep in mind that not all  
portions of a QuickMAP must be used. It is possible to load a QuickMAP that requires more cards than you  
have or need. The slots that do not contain cards may give an error indication (yellow flashing LED). As long  
as the slots corresponsiding with the portion(s) of the QuickMAP you are using are filled there will not be a  
problem.  
Standard QuickMAPs  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
B-2  
MONDOEQ.QMS  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
B-3  
2X6CMBC.QMS  
Standard QuickMAPs  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
B-4  
2X8COMB.QMS  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
B-5  
3X6CMBC.QMS  
Standard QuickMAPs  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
B-6  
2X8THRU.QMS  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
B-7  
4CHAN.QMS  
Standard QuickMAPs  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
B-8  
4X6CMBC.QMS  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
B-9  
4X6THRU.QMS  
Standard QuickMAPs  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
B-10  
3_2W.QMS  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
B-11  
2WAYS.QMS  
Standard QuickMAPs  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
B-12  
2_3WAY.QMS  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
B-13  
2_2W_SUB.QMS  
Standard QuickMAPs  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
B-14  
2_2W_FR.QMS  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
B-15  
2_2W_2ST.QMS  
Standard QuickMAPs  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
B-16  
4_2WAYS.QMS  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
B-17  
4W_2FR.QMS  
Standard QuickMAPs  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
B-18  
LCR.QMS  
10 July 1998  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
B-19  
MONO3W.QMS  
Standard QuickMAPs  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  
9600 Aldrich Avenue South  
Minneapolis, MN 49107  
USA  
Copyright © 1997—98  
TELEX Communications, Inc.  
All Rights Reserved.  
Printed in USA  
7/98  
P/N: 38109-744 Rev. A  
Ph. 612.884.4051 Fax 612.887.5588  
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.  

Teac Computer Drive CD W552G User Manual
Tech Craft TV Video Accessories FLEX37WB User Manual
Technicolor Thomson DVD Player DTH250E User Manual
Telenetics Network Card MIU202T Modem User Manual
THORENS Stereo System TD 295 MK IV User Manual
Tiger Games Pokedex Deluxe User Manual
Toshiba CRT Television 32D46 User Manual
Tripp Lite Switch B005 008 User Manual
Vivitar Camcorder DVR 410 User Manual
Vizio Cable Box 470M User Manual