Product Manual
®
Constellation ES.1 Series SAS
Standard Models
Self-Encrypting Drive Models
ST2000NM0001
ST1000NM0001
ST500NM0001
ST2000NM0021
ST1000NM0021
ST500NM0021
SED FIPS 140-2 Models
ST2000NM0041
ST1000NM0041
ST500NM0041
100650925
Rev. E
March 2012
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Contents
1.0
2.0
3.0
Seagate Technology support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Applicable standards and reference documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.1
Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
3.1.4
Electromagnetic compatibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Electromagnetic compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
European Union Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
China Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2
Reference documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.0
General description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
Standard features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Media description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Reliability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Formatted capacities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Programmable drive capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Factory-installed options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5.0
Performance characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5.1
5.2
Internal drive characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Seek performance characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5.2.1
5.2.2
5.2.3
Access time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Format command execution time for 512-byte sectors (minutes) . . . . . . . . . . . 11
General performance characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5.3
5.4
5.5
Start/stop time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Prefetch/multi-segmented cache control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Cache operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5.5.1
5.5.2
Caching write data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Prefetch operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
6.0
Reliability specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
6.1
Error rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
6.1.1
6.1.2
6.1.3
6.1.4
Recoverable Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Unrecoverable Errors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Seek errors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Interface errors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
6.2
Reliability and service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
6.2.1
6.2.2
6.2.3
6.2.4
6.2.5
6.2.6
6.2.7
Annualized Failure Rate (AFR) and Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) . . . . 15
Preventive maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Hot plugging the drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
S.M.A.R.T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Thermal monitor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Drive Self Test (DST). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Product warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
7.0
Physical/electrical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
7.1
PowerChoiceTM power management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
7.1.1 PowerChoice reporting methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
7.2
7.3
AC power requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
DC power requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
7.3.1
7.3.2
7.3.3
Conducted noise immunity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Power sequencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Current profiles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
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7.4
7.5
Power dissipation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Environmental limits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
7.5.1
7.5.2
7.5.3
7.5.4
7.5.5
7.5.6
7.5.7
7.5.8
Temperature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Relative humidity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Effective altitude (sea level) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Shock and vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Acoustics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Air cleanliness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Corrosive environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Electromagnetic susceptibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
7.6
Mechanical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
8.0
9.0
About FIPS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
About self-encrypting drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
9.1
9.2
Data encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Controlled access. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
9.2.1
9.2.2
9.2.3
Admin SP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Locking SP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Default password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
9.10
Random number generator (RNG). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Drive locking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Data bands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Cryptographic erase. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Authenticated firmware download . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Power requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Supported commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
RevertSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
10.0
Defect and error management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
Drive internal defects/errors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Drive error recovery procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
SAS system errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Background Media Scan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Media Pre-Scan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Deferred Auto-Reallocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Idle Read After Write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Protection Information (PI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
10.8.1
10.8.2
10.8.3
Levels of PI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Setting and determining the current Type Level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Identifying a Protection Information drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
11.0
12.0
Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
Drive orientation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Cooling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Drive mounting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Grounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Interface requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
12.1
SAS features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
12.1.1
12.1.2
task management functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
task management responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
12.2
12.3
Dual port support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
SCSI commands supported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
12.3.1
12.3.2
Inquiry data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Mode Sense data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
12.4
Miscellaneous operating features and conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
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12.4.1
12.4.2
12.4.3
12.4.4
12.4.5
12.4.6
12.4.7
SAS physical interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Physical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Connector requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Electrical description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Pin descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
SAS transmitters and receivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
12.5
Signal characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
12.5.1
12.5.2
Ready LED Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Differential signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
12.6
12.7
SAS-2 Specification Compliance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Additional information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
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List of Figures
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
Figure 7.
Figure 8.
Figure 9.
2TB model current profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
1TB model current profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
500GB model current profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
2TB models (3Gb) DC current and power vs. input/output operations per second. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
2TB models (6Gb) DC current and power vs. input/output operations per second. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
1TB models (3Gb) DC current and power vs. input/output operations per second. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
1TB models (6Gb) DC current and power vs. input/output operations per second. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
500GB models (3Gb) DC current and power vs. input/output operations per second . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
500GB models (6Gb) DC current and power vs. input/output operations per second . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
Figure 10. Location of the HDA temperature check point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
Figure 11. Recommended mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
Figure 12. Mounting configuration dimensions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
Figure 13. Example of FIPS tamper evidence labels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
Figure 14. Physical interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
Figure 15. Air flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
Figure 16. Physical interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66
Figure 17. SAS device plug dimensions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67
Figure 18. SAS device plug dimensions (detail). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68
Figure 19. SAS transmitters and receivers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70
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1.0
Seagate Technology support services
SEAGATE ONLINE SUPPORT and SERVICES
For information regarding products and services, visit http://www.seagate.com/www/en-us/about/contact_us/
Available services include:
Presales & Technical support
Global Support Services telephone numbers & business hours
Authorized Service Centers
For information regarding Warranty Support, visit
For information regarding Data Recovery Services, visit http://www.i365.com
For Seagate OEM & Distribution partner portal, visit https://direct.seagate.com/portal/system
For Seagate reseller portal, visit http://spp.seagate.com
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2.0
Scope
This manual describes Seagate Technology® LLC, Constellation® ES.1 Series SAS (Serial Attached SCSI)
disk drives.
Constellation ES.1 drives support the SAS Protocol specifications to the extent described in this manual. The
SAS Interface Manual (part number 100293071) describes the general SAS characteristics of this and other
Seagate SAS drives. The Self-Encrypting Drive Reference Manual, part number 100515636, describes the
interface, general operation, and security features available on Self-Encrypting Drive models.
Product data communicated in this manual is specific only to the model numbers listed in this manual. The data
listed in this manual may not be predictive of future generation specifications or requirements. If you are
designing a system which will use one of the models listed or future generation products and need further
assistance, please contact your Field Applications Engineer (FAE) or our global support services group as
shown in Section 1.0.
Unless otherwise stated, the information in this manual applies to standard and Self-Encrypting Drive models.
Model Number
ST2000NM0001
ST2000NM0021
ST2000NM0041
ST1000NM0001
ST1000NM0021
ST1000NM0041
ST500NM0001
ST500NM0021
ST500NM0041
Self-Encrypting Drive (SED)
FIPS 140-2 Level 2
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Note. Previous generations of Seagate Self-Encrypting Drive models were called Full Disk Encryption
(FDE) models before a differentiation between drive-based encryption and other forms of encryp-
tion was necessary.
Note. The Self-Encrypting Drive models indicated on the cover of this product manual have provisions for
“Security of Data at Rest” based on the standards defined by the Trusted Computing Group (see
www.trustedcomputinggroup.org).
For more information on FIPS 140-2 Level 2 certification see Section 8.0 on page 41.
2
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3.0
Applicable standards and reference documentation
The drives documented in this manual have been developed as system peripherals to the highest standards of
design and construction. The drives depends on host equipment to provide adequate power and environment
for optimum performance and compliance with applicable industry and governmental regulations. Special
attention must be given in the areas of safety, power distribution, shielding, audible noise control, and temper-
ature regulation. In particular, the drive must be securely mounted to guarantee the specified performance
characteristics. Mounting by bottom holes must meet the requirements of Section 11.3.
3.1
Standards
The Constellation ES.1 family complies with Seagate standards as noted in the appropriate sections of this
manual and the Seagate SAS Interface Manual, part number 100293071.
The drives are recognized in accordance with UL 60950-1 as tested by UL, CSA 60950-1 as tested by CSA,
and EN60950-1 as tested by TUV.
The security features of Self-Encrypting Drive models are based on the “TCG Storage Architecture Core Spec-
ification” and the “TCG Storage Workgroup Security Subsystem Class: Enterprise_A” specification with addi-
tional vendor-unique features as noted in this product manual.
3.1.1
Electromagnetic compatibility
The drive, as delivered, is designed for system integration and installation into a suitable enclosure prior to
use. The drive is supplied as a subassembly and is not subject to Subpart B of Part 15 of the FCC Rules and
Regulations nor the Radio Interference Regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications.
The design characteristics of the drive serve to minimize radiation when installed in an enclosure that provides
reasonable shielding. The drive is capable of meeting the Class B limits of the FCC Rules and Regulations of
the Canadian Department of Communications when properly packaged; however, it is the user’s responsibility
to assure that the drive meets the appropriate EMI requirements in their system. Shielded I/O cables may be
required if the enclosure does not provide adequate shielding. If the I/O cables are external to the enclosure,
shielded cables should be used, with the shields grounded to the enclosure and to the host controller.
3.1.1.1
Electromagnetic susceptibility
As a component assembly, the drive is not required to meet any susceptibility performance requirements. It is
the responsibility of those integrating the drive within their systems to perform those tests required and design
their system to ensure that equipment operating in the same system as the drive or external to the system
does not adversely affect the performance of the drive. See Table 2, DC power requirements.
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3.1.2
Electromagnetic compliance
Seagate uses an independent laboratory to confirm compliance with the directives/standards for CE Marking
and C-Tick Marking. The drive was tested in a representative system for typical applications. The selected sys-
tem represents the most popular characteristics for test platforms. The system configurations include:
• Typical current use microprocessor
• Keyboard
• Monitor/display
• Printer
• Mouse
Although the test system with this Seagate model complies with the directives/standards, we cannot guarantee
that all systems will comply. The computer manufacturer or system integrator shall confirm EMC compliance
and provide the appropriate marking for their product.
Electromagnetic compliance for the European Union
If this model has the CE Marking it complies with the European Union requirements of the Electromagnetic
Compatibility Directive 2004/108/EC as put into place on 20 July 2007.
Australian C-Tick
If this model has the C-Tick Marking it complies with the Australia/New Zealand Standard AS/NZ CISPR22 and
meets the Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Framework requirements of Australia’s Spectrum Manage-
ment Agency (SMA).
Korean KCC
If these drives have the Korean Communications Commission (KCC) logo, they comply with paragraph 1 of
Article 11 of the Electromagnetic Compatibility control Regulation and meet the Electromagnetic Compatibility
(EMC) Framework requirements of the Radio Research Laboratory (RRL) Communications Commission,
Republic of Korea.
These drives have been tested and comply with the Electromagnetic Interference/Electromagnetic
Susceptibility (EMI/EMS) for Class B products. Drives are tested in a representative, end-user system by a
Korean-recognized lab.
• Family name:
Constellation ES
• Certificate number:
• Date of Certification:
STX-ST2000NM0001 (B)
22 December 2010
• Manufacturer/nationality: USA, Singapore and China
Taiwanese BSMI
If this model has two Chinese words meaning “EMC certification” followed by an eight digit identification num-
ber, as a Marking, it complies with Chinese National Standard (CNS) 13438 and meets the Electromagnetic
Compatibility (EMC) Framework requirements of the Taiwanese Bureau of Standards, Metrology, and Inspec-
tion (BSMI).
4
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3.1.3
European Union Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)
The European Union Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive, restricts the presence of chemi-
cal substances, including Lead, Cadmium, Mercury, Hexavalent Chromium, PBB and PBDE, in electronic prod-
ucts, effective July 2006. This drive is manufactured with components and materials that comply with the RoHS
Directive.
A number of parts and materials in Seagate products are procured from external suppliers. We rely on the rep-
resentations of our suppliers regarding the presence of RoHS substances in these parts and materials. Our
supplier contracts require compliance with our chemical substance restrictions, and our suppliers document
their compliance with our requirements by providing material content declarations for all parts and materials for
the disk drives documented in this publication. Current supplier declarations include disclosure of the inclusion
of any RoHS-regulated substance in such parts or materials.
Seagate also has internal systems in place to ensure ongoing compliance with the RoHS Directive and all laws
and regulations which restrict chemical content in electronic products. These systems include standard operat-
ing procedures that ensure that restricted substances are not utilized in our manufacturing operations, labora-
tory analytical validation testing, and an internal auditing process to ensure that all standard operating
procedures are complied with.
3.1.4
China Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive
This product has an Environmental Protection Use Period (EPUP) of 20 years. The following
table contains information mandated by China's "Marking Requirements for Control of Pollution
Caused by Electronic Information Products" Standard.
"O" indicates the hazardous and toxic substance content of the part (at the homogenous material level) is lower
than the threshold defined by the China RoHS MCV Standard.
"X" indicates the hazardous and toxic substance content of the part (at the homogenous material level) is over
the threshold defined by the China RoHS MCV Standard.
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3.2
Reference documents
SAS Interface Manual
Seagate part number: 100293071
SCSI Commands Reference Manual
Seagate part number: 100293068
Self-Encrypting Drives Reference Manual
Seagate part number: 100515636
ANSI SAS Documents
SFF-8323
SFF-8460
SFF-8470
3.5” Drive Form Factor with Serial Connector
HSS Backplane Design Guidelines
Multi Lane Copper Connector
SFF-8482
SAS Plug Connector
ANSI INCITS.xxx
Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) Standard (T10/1562-D)
ISO/IEC 14776-xxx SCSI Architecture Model-3 (SAM-3) Standard (T10/1561-D)
ISO/IEC 14776-xxx SCSI Primary Commands-3 (SPC-3) Standard (T10/1416-D)
ISO/IEC 14776-xxx SCSI Block Commands-2 (SBC-2) Standard (T10/1417-D)
ANSI Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) Documents
X3.270-1996
(SCSI-3) Architecture Model
Trusted Computing Group (TCG) Documents (apply to Self-Encrypting Drive models only)
TCG Storage Architecture Core Specification, Rev. 1.0
TCG Storage Security Subsystem Class Enterprise Specification, Rev. 1.0
Specification for Acoustic Test Requirement and Procedures
Seagate part number: 30553-001
In case of conflict between this document and any referenced document, this document takes precedence.
6
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4.0
General description
Constellation ES.1 drives provide high performance, high capacity data storage for a variety of systems includ-
ing engineering workstations, network servers, mainframes, and supercomputers. The Serial Attached SCSI
interface is designed to meet next-generation computing demands for performance, scalability, flexibility and
high-density storage requirements.
Constellation ES.1 drives are random access storage devices designed to support the Serial Attached SCSI
Protocol as described in the ANSI specifications, this document, and the SAS Interface Manual (part number
100293071) which describes the general interface characteristics of this drive. Constellation ES.1 drives are
classified as intelligent peripherals and provide level 2 conformance (highest level) with the ANSI SCSI-1 stan-
dard. The SAS connectors, cables and electrical interface are compatible with Serial ATA (SATA), giving future
users the choice of populating their systems with either SAS or SATA hard disk drives. This allows you to con-
tinue to leverage your existing investment in SCSI while gaining a 6Gb/s serial data transfer rate.
The Self-Encrypting Drive models indicated on the cover of this product manual have provisions for “Security
group.org).
The head and disk assembly (HDA) is sealed at the factory. Air recirculates within the HDA through a non-
replaceable filter to maintain a contamination-free HDA environment.
Note. Never disassemble the HDA and do not attempt to service items in the sealed enclosure (heads,
media, actuator, etc.) as this requires special facilities. The drive does not contain user-replaceable
parts. Opening the HDA for any reason voids your warranty.
Constellation ES.1 drives use a dedicated load/unload zone at the outermost radius of the media to eliminate
the possibility of destroying or degrading data by landing in the data zone. The heads automatically go to the
ramp load/unload when power is removed from the drive.
An automatic shipping lock prevents potential damage to the heads and discs that results from movement dur-
ing shipping and handling. The shipping lock disengages and the head load process begins when power is
applied to the drive.
Constellation ES.1 drives decode track 0 location data from the servo data embedded on each surface to elim-
inate mechanical transducer adjustments and related reliability concerns.
The drives also use a high-performance actuator assembly with a low-inertia, balanced, patented, straight arm
design that provides excellent performance with minimal power dissipation.
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4.1
Standard features
Constellation ES.1 drives have the following standard features:
• Perpendicular recording technology
• 1.5 / 3 / 6 Gb Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) interface
• Integrated dual port SAS controller supporting the SCSI protocol
• Support for SAS expanders and fanout adapters
• Firmware downloadable using the SAS interface
• 128 - deep task set (queue)
• Supports up to 32 initiators
• Jumperless configuration.
• User-selectable logical block size (512, 520 or 528 bytes per logical block).
• Industry standard 3.5-inch dimensions
• Programmable logical block reallocation scheme
• Flawed logical block reallocation at format time
• Programmable auto write and read reallocation
• Reallocation of defects on command (Post Format)
• ECC maximum burst correction length of 400 bits
• No preventive maintenance or adjustments required
• Embedded servo design
• Dedicated head load/unload zone
• Self diagnostics performed when power is applied to the drive
• Vertical, horizontal, or top down mounting
• 64 Mbyte data buffer (see Section 5.5).
• Drive Self Test (DST)
• Background Media Scan (BMS)
• Idle Read After Write (IRAW)
• Power Save
Constellation ES.1 SAS Self-Encrypting Drive models have the following additional features:
• Automatic data encryption/decryption
• Controlled access
• Random number generator
• Drive locking
• 16 independent data bands
• Cryptographic erase of user data for a drive that will be repurposed or scrapped
• Authenticated firmware download
4.2
Media description
The media used on the drive has a aluminum substrate coated with a thin film magnetic material, overcoated
with a proprietary protective layer for improved durability and environmental protection.
4.3
Performance
• Programmable multi-segmentable cache buffer
• 600MB/s maximum instantaneous data transfers.
• 7200 RPM spindle. Average latency = 4.16ms
• Background processing of queue
• Supports start and stop commands (spindle stops spinning)
• Adaptive seek velocity; improved seek performance
Note. There is no significant performance difference between Self-Encrypting Drive and standard (non-
Self-Encrypting Drive) models.
8
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4.4
Reliability
• Annualized Failure Rate (AFR) of 0.73%
• Mean time between failures (MTBF) of 1,200,000 hours
• Balanced low mass rotary voice coil actuator
• Incorporates industry-standard Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.)
• 5-year warranty
4.5
Formatted capacities
Standard OEM models are formatted to 512 bytes per block. The block size is selectable at format time and
must be a multiple of 4 bytes. Users having the necessary equipment may modify the data block size before
issuing a format command and obtain different formatted capacities than those listed.
To provide a stable target capacity environment and at the same time provide users with flexibility if they
choose, Seagate recommends product planning in one of two modes:
1. Seagate designs specify capacity points at certain block sizes that Seagate guarantees current and future
products will meet. We recommend customers use this capacity in their project planning, as it ensures a
stable operating point with backward and forward compatibility from generation to generation. The current
guaranteed operating points for this product are:
Capacity (Blocks)
ST2000NM0001
ST2000NM0021
ST2000NM0041
ST1000NM0001
ST1000NM0021
ST1000NM0041
ST500NM0001
ST500NM0021
ST500NM0041
Sector
Size
Decimal
Hex
Decimal
Hex
Decimal
Hex
512 3,907,029,168
520 3,824,358,992
528 3,719,165,192
E8E088B0
E3F31650
DDADF508
1,953,525,168
1,923,076,936
1,876,331,336
74706DB0
729FD348
6FD68B48
976,773,168
961,538,472
938,165,672
3A386030
394FE9A8
37EB45A8
4.6
Programmable drive capacity
Using the Mode Select command, the drive can change its capacity to something less than maximum. See the
Mode Select (6) parameter list table in the SAS Interface Manual, part number 100293071. A value of zero in
the Number of Blocks field indicates that the drive will not change the capacity it is currently formatted to have.
A number other than zero and less than the maximum number of LBAs in the Number of Blocks field changes
the total drive capacity to the value in the Number of Blocks field. A value greater than the maximum number of
LBAs is rounded down to the maximum capacity.
4.7
Factory-installed options
You may order the following items which are incorporated at the manufacturing facility during production or
packaged before shipping. Some of the options available are (not an exhaustive list of possible options):
• Other capacities can be ordered depending on sparing scheme and sector size requested.
• Single-unit shipping pack. The drive is normally shipped in bulk packaging to provide maximum protection
against transit damage. Units shipped individually require additional protection as provided by the single unit
shipping pack. Users planning single unit distribution should specify this option.
• The Safety and Regulatory Agency Specifications, part number 75789512, is usually included with each
standard OEM drive shipped, but extra copies may be ordered.
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5.0
Performance characteristics
This section provides detailed information concerning performance-related characteristics and features of Con-
stellation ES.1 drives.
5.1
Internal drive characteristics
ST2000NM0001 ST1000NM0001 ST500NM0001
ST2000NM0021 ST1000NM0021 ST500NM0021
ST2000NM0041 ST1000NM0041 ST500NM0041
Drive capacity
Read/write data heads
Bytes per track
Bytes per surface
Tracks per surface (total)
Tracks per inch
Peak bits per inch
Areal density
2TB
8
1TB
4
500GB
2
(formatted, rounded off value)
1,012,608
250,000
248,600
237,000
1,523,000
324
1,012,608
250,000
248,600
237,000
1,523,000
324
1,012,608
250,000
248,600
237,000
1,523,000
324
Bytes (average, rounded off values)
MB (unformatted, rounded off value)
Tracks (user accessible)
TPI (average)
BPI
Gb/in
2
Internal data rate
Disk rotation speed
Avg rotational latency
95 - 212
7200
4.16
95 - 212
7200
4.16
95 - 212
7200
4.16
MB/s (variable with zone)
rpm
ms
5.2
Seek performance characteristics
See Section 12.4.1, "SAS physical interface" on page 66 and the SAS Interface Manual (part number
100293071) for additional timing details.
5.2.1
Access time
1 2
,
Not including controller overhead
(ms)
Including controller overhead1, 2 (ms)
Read
8.3
Write
9.3
Read
8.5
Write
9.5
3 4
,
Average
Typical
Single track Typical3,4 0.5
Full stroke
Typical3,4 18
0.8
0.7
1.0
19
18.2
19.2
1.
2.
3.
Execution time measured from receipt of the Command to the Response.
Assumes no errors and no sector has been relocated.
Typical access times are measured under nominal conditions of temperature, voltage, and horizontal orientation as
measured on a representative sample of drives.
4.
Access time = controller overhead + average seek time and applies to all data transfer commands.
Access to data = access time + latency time.
10
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5.2.2
Format command execution time for 512-byte sectors (minutes)
2TB models
1TB models
500GB models
627
345
173
Maximum (with verify)
314
173
86
Maximum (without verify)
Execution time measured from receipt of the last byte of the Command Descriptor Block (CDB) to the request
for a Status Byte Transfer to the Initiator (excluding connect/disconnect).
When changing sector sizes, the format times shown above may need to be increased by 30 minutes.
5.2.3
General performance characteristics
Minimum sector interleave
1 to 1
Data buffer to/from disk media (one 512-byte logical block)*
Sustained transfer rate
95 to 212 MB/s
60 to 147 MB/s
SAS Interface maximum instantaneous transfer rate
600MB/s* per port
(dual port = 1200MB/s*)
Logical block sizes
512 (default), 520 or 528.
Read/write consecutive sectors on a track
Yes
Flaw reallocation performance impact (for flaws reallocated at format time using the
spare sectors per sparing zone reallocation scheme.)
Negligible
Average rotational latency
4.16ms
*Assumes no errors and no relocated logical blocks. Rate measured from the start of the first logical block transfer to or
from the host.
5.3
Start/stop time
The drive accepts the commands listed in the SAS Interface Manual less than 3 seconds after DC power has
been applied.
If the drive receives a NOTIFY (ENABLE SPINUP) primitive through either port and has not received a START
STOP UNIT command with the START bit equal to 0, the drive becomes ready for normal operations within 30
seconds (excluding the error recovery procedure).
If the drive receives a START STOP UNIT command with the START bit equal to 0 before receiving a NOTIFY
(ENABLE SPINUP) primitive, the drive waits for a START STOP UNIT command with the START bit equal to 1.
After receiving a START STOP UNIT command with the START bit equal to 1, the drive waits for a NOTIFY
(ENABLE SPINUP) primitive. After receiving a NOTIFY (ENABLE SPINUP) primitive through either port, the
drive becomes ready for normal operations within 30 seconds (excluding the error recovery procedure).
If the drive receives a START STOP UNIT command with the START bit and IMMED bit equal to 1 and does
not receive a NOTIFY (ENABLE SPINUP) primitive within 5 seconds, the drive fails the START STOP UNIT
command.
The START STOP UNIT command may be used to command the drive to stop the spindle. Stop time is 20 sec-
onds (maximum) from removal of DC power. SCSI stop time is 20 seconds. There is no power control switch
on the drive.
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5.4
Prefetch/multi-segmented cache control
The drive provides a prefetch (read look-ahead) and multi-segmented cache control algorithms that in many
cases can enhance system performance. Cache refers to the drive buffer storage space when it is used in
cache operations. To select this feature, the host sends the Mode Select command with the proper values in
the applicable bytes in page 08h. Prefetch and cache operations are independent features from the standpoint
that each is enabled and disabled independently using the Mode Select command; however, in actual opera-
tion, the prefetch feature overlaps cache operation somewhat as described in sections 5.5.1 and 5.5.2.
All default cache and prefetch mode parameter values (Mode Page 08h) for standard OEM versions of this
drive family are given in Table 10.
5.5
Cache operation
Note. Refer to the SAS Interface Manual for more detail concerning the cache bits.
Of the 64MB physical buffer space in the drive, approximately 30,000 kbytes can be used as a cache. The buf-
fer is divided into logical segments from which data is read and to which data is written.
The drive keeps track of the logical block addresses of the data stored in each segment of the buffer. If the
cache is enabled (see RCD bit in the SAS Interface Manual), data requested by the host with a read command
is retrieved from the buffer, if possible, before any disk access is initiated. If cache operation is not enabled, the
buffer is still used, but only as circular buffer segments during disk medium read operations (disregarding
Prefetch operation for the moment). That is, the drive does not check in the buffer segments for the requested
read data, but goes directly to the medium to retrieve it. The retrieved data merely passes through some buffer
segment on the way to the host. All data transfers to the host are in accordance with buffer-full ratio rules. See
the explanation provided with the information about Mode Page 02h (disconnect/reconnect control) in the SAS
Interface Manual.
The following is a simplified description of the prefetch/cache operation:
Case A—read command is received and all of the requested logical blocks are already in the cache:
1. Drive transfers the requested logical blocks to the initiator.
Case B—A Read command requests data, and at least one requested logical block is not in any segment of
the cache:
1. The drive fetches the requested logical blocks from the disk and transfers them into a segment, and then
from there to the host in accordance with the Mode Select Disconnect/Reconnect parameters, page 02h.
2. If the prefetch feature is enabled, refer to section 5.5.2 for operation from this point.
Each cache segment is actually a self-contained circular buffer whose length is an integer number of logical
blocks. The drive dynamically creates and removes segments based on the workload. The wrap-around capa-
bility of the individual segments greatly enhances the cache’s overall performance.
Note. The size of each segment is not reported by Mode Sense command page 08h, bytes 14 and 15.
The value 0XFFFF is always reported regardless of the actual size of the segment. Sending a size
specification using the Mode Select command (bytes 14 and 15) does not set up a new segment
size. If the STRICT bit in Mode page 00h (byte 2, bit 1) is set to one, the drive responds as it does
for any attempt to change an unchangeable parameter.
12
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5.5.1
Caching write data
Write caching is a write operation by the drive that makes use of a drive buffer storage area where the data to
be written to the medium is stored while the drive performs the Write command.
If read caching is enabled (RCD=0), then data written to the medium is retained in the cache to be made avail-
able for future read cache hits. The same buffer space and segmentation is used as set up for read functions.
The buffer segmentation scheme is set up or changed independently, having nothing to do with the state of
RCD. When a write command is issued, if RCD=0, the cache is first checked to see if any logical blocks that
are to be written are already stored in the cache from a previous read or write command. If there are, the
respective cache segments are cleared. The new data is cached for subsequent Read commands.
If the number of write data logical blocks exceed the size of the segment being written into, when the end of the
segment is reached, the data is written into the beginning of the same cache segment, overwriting the data that
was written there at the beginning of the operation; however, the drive does not overwrite data that has not yet
been written to the medium.
If write caching is enabled (WCE=1), then the drive may return Good status on a write command after the data
has been transferred into the cache, but before the data has been written to the medium. If an error occurs
while writing the data to the medium, and Good status has already been returned, a deferred error will be gen-
erated.
The Synchronize Cache command may be used to force the drive to write all cached write data to the medium.
Upon completion of a Synchronize Cache command, all data received from previous write commands will have
been written to the medium. Table 10 shows the mode default settings for the drive.
5.5.2
Prefetch operation
If the Prefetch feature is enabled, data in contiguous logical blocks on the disk immediately beyond that which
was requested by a Read command are retrieved and stored in the buffer for immediate transfer from the buf-
fer to the host on subsequent Read commands that request those logical blocks (this is true even if cache
operation is disabled). Though the prefetch operation uses the buffer as a cache, finding the requested data in
the buffer is a prefetch hit, not a cache operation hit.
To enable Prefetch, use Mode Select page 08h, byte 12, bit 5 (Disable Read Ahead - DRA bit). DRA bit = 0
enables prefetch.
The drive does not use the Max Prefetch field (bytes 8 and 9) or the Prefetch Ceiling field (bytes 10 and 11).
When prefetch (read look-ahead) is enabled (enabled by DRA = 0), the drive enables prefetch of contiguous
blocks from the disk when it senses that a prefetch hit will likely occur. The drive disables prefetch when it
decides that a prefetch hit is not likely to occur.
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6.0
Reliability specifications
The following reliability specifications assume correct host and drive operational interface, including all inter-
face timings, power supply voltages, environmental requirements and drive mounting constraints.
Seek error rate:
Less than 10 errors in 108 seeks
1
Read Error Rates
Recovered Data
Unrecovered Data
Miscorrected Data
Less than 10 errors in 1012 bits transferred (OEM default settings)
Less than 1 sector in 1015 bits transferred
Less than 1 sector in 1021 bits transferred
Less than 1 error in 1012 bits transferred
1,200,000 hours
Interface error rate:
Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF):
Annualized Failure Rate (AFR):
Preventive maintenance:
0.73%
None required
1.
Error rate specified with automatic retries and data correction with ECC enabled and all flaws reallocated.
6.1
Error rates
The error rates stated in this manual assume the following:
• The drive is operated in accordance with this manual using DC power as defined in paragraph 7.3, "DC
power requirements."
• Errors caused by host system failures are excluded from error rate computations.
• Assume random data.
• Default OEM error recovery settings are applied. This includes AWRE, ARRE, full read retries, full write
retries and full retry time.
6.1.1
Recoverable Errors
Recoverable errors are those detected and corrected by the drive, and do not require user intervention.
Recoverable Data errors will use correction, although ECC on-the-fly is not considered for purposes of recov-
ered error specifications.
Recovered Data error rate is determined using read bits transferred for recoverable errors occurring during a
read, and using write bits transferred for recoverable errors occurring during a write.
6.1.2
Unrecoverable Errors
An unrecoverable data error is defined as a failure of the drive to recover data from the media. These errors
occur due to head/media or write problems. Unrecoverable data errors are only detected during read opera-
tions, but not caused by the read. If an unrecoverable data error is detected, a MEDIUM ERROR (03h) in the
Sense Key will be reported. Multiple unrecoverable data errors resulting from the same cause are treated as 1
error.
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6.1.3
Seek errors
A seek error is defined as a failure of the drive to position the heads to the addressed track. After detecting an
initial seek error, the drive automatically performs an error recovery process. If the error recovery process fails,
a seek positioning error (Error code = 15h or 02h) will be reported with a Hardware error (04h) in the Sense
8
Key. Recoverable seek errors are specified at Less than 10 errors in 10 seeks. Unrecoverable seek errors
(Sense Key = 04h) are classified as drive failures.
6.1.4
Interface errors
An interface error is defined as a failure of the receiver on a port to recover the data as transmitted by the
device port connected to the receiver. The error may be detected as a running disparity error, illegal code, loss
of word sync, or CRC error.
6.2
Reliability and service
You can enhance the reliability of Constellation ES.1 disk drives by ensuring that the drive receives adequate
cooling. Section 7.0 provides temperature measurements and other information that may be used to enhance
the service life of the drive. Section 11.2 provides recommended air-flow information.
6.2.1
Annualized Failure Rate (AFR) and Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF)
The production disk drive shall achieve an AFR of 0.73% (MTBF of 1,200,000 hours) when operated in an
environment that ensures the HDA case temperatures do not exceed the values specified in Section 7.5. Oper-
ation at case temperatures outside the specifications in Section 7.5 may increase the product AFR (decrease
the MTBF). The AFR (MTBF) is a population statistic not relevant to individual units.
The AFR (MTBF) specification is based on the following assumptions for Enterprise Storage System environ-
ments:
• 8,760 power-on hours per year.
• 250 average on/off cycles per year.
• Operations at nominal voltages.
• Systems will provide adequate cooling to ensure the case temperatures specified in Section 7.5 are not
exceeded. Temperatures outside the specifications in Section 7.5 will increase the product AFR and
decrease the MTBF.
6.2.2
Preventive maintenance
No routine scheduled preventive maintenance is required.
6.2.3
Hot plugging the drive
When a disk is powered on by switching the power or hot plugged, the drive runs a self test before attempting
to communicate on its’ interfaces. When the self test completes successfully, the drive initiates a Link Reset
starting with OOB. An attached device should respond to the link reset. If the link reset attempt fails, or any
time the drive looses sync, the drive initiated link reset. The drive will initiate link reset once per second but
alternates between port A and B. Therefore each port will attempt a link reset once per 2 seconds assuming
both ports are out of sync.
If the self-test fails, the drive does not respond to link reset on the failing port.
Note. It is the responsibility of the systems integrator to assure that no temperature, energy, voltage haz-
ard, or ESD potential hazard is presented during the hot connect/disconnect operation. Discharge
the static electricity from the drive carrier prior to inserting it into the system.
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Caution. The drive motor must come to a complete stop prior to changing the plane of operation. This time is
required to insure data integrity.
6.2.4
S.M.A.R.T.
S.M.A.R.T. is an acronym for Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology. This technology is intended
to recognize conditions that indicate imminent drive failure and is designed to provide sufficient warning of a
failure to allow you to back up the data before an actual failure occurs.
Note. The drive’s firmware monitors specific attributes for degradation over time but can’t predict instanta-
neous drive failures.
Each monitored attribute has been selected to monitor a specific set of failure conditions in the operating per-
formance of the drive and the thresholds are optimized to minimize “false” and “failed” predictions.
Controlling S.M.A.R.T.
The operating mode of S.M.A.R.T. is controlled by the DEXCPT and PERF bits on the Informational Exceptions
Control mode page (1Ch). Use the DEXCPT bit to enable or disable the S.M.A.R.T. feature. Setting the DEX-
CPT bit disables all S.M.A.R.T. functions. When enabled, S.M.A.R.T. collects on-line data as the drive performs
normal read and write operations. When the PERF bit is set, the drive is considered to be in “On-line Mode
Only” and will not perform off-line functions.
You can measure off-line attributes and force the drive to save the data by using the Rezero Unit command.
Forcing S.M.A.R.T. resets the timer so that the next scheduled interrupt is in one hour.
You can interrogate the drive through the host to determine the time remaining before the next scheduled mea-
surement and data logging process occurs. To accomplish this, issue a Log Sense command to log page 0x3E.
This allows you to control when S.M.A.R.T. interruptions occur. Forcing S.M.A.R.T. with the RTZ command
resets the timer.
Performance impact
S.M.A.R.T. attribute data is saved to the disk so that the events that caused a predictive failure can be recre-
ated. The drive measures and saves parameters once every one hour subject to an idle period on the drive
interfaces. The process of measuring off-line attribute data and saving data to the disk is interruptable. The
maximum on-line only processing delay is summarized below:
Maximum processing delay
On-line only delay
Fully-enabled delay
DEXCPT = 0, PERF = 1
DEXCPT = 0, PERF = 0
S.M.A.R.T. delay times
233 ms
560 ms
Reporting control
Reporting is controlled by the MRIE bits in the Informational Exceptions Control mode page (1Ch). An exam-
ple, if the MRIE is set to one, the firmware will issue to the host an 01-5D00 sense code. The FRU field con-
tains the type of predictive failure that occurred. The error code is preserved through bus resets and power
cycles.
Determining rate
S.M.A.R.T. monitors the rate at which errors occur and signals a predictive failure if the rate of degraded errors
increases to an unacceptable level. To determine rate, error events are logged and compared to the number of
total operations for a given attribute. The interval defines the number of operations over which to measure the
rate. The counter that keeps track of the current number of operations is referred to as the Interval Counter.
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S.M.A.R.T. measures error rates. All errors for each monitored attribute are recorded. A counter keeps track of
the number of errors for the current interval. This counter is referred to as the Failure Counter.
Error rate is the number of errors per operation. The algorithm that S.M.A.R.T. uses to record rates of error is to
set thresholds for the number of errors and their interval. If the number of errors exceeds the threshold before
the interval expires, the error rate is considered to be unacceptable. If the number of errors does not exceed
the threshold before the interval expires, the error rate is considered to be acceptable. In either case, the inter-
val and failure counters are reset and the process starts over.
Predictive failures
S.M.A.R.T. signals predictive failures when the drive is performing unacceptably for a period of time. The firm-
ware keeps a running count of the number of times the error rate for each attribute is unacceptable. To accom-
plish this, a counter is incremented each time the error rate is unacceptable and decremented (not to exceed
zero) whenever the error rate is acceptable. If the counter continually increments such that it reaches the pre-
dictive threshold, a predictive failure is signaled. This counter is referred to as the Failure History Counter.
There is a separate Failure History Counter for each attribute.
6.2.5
Thermal monitor
Constellation ES.1 drives implement a temperature warning system which:
1. Signals the host if the temperature exceeds a value which would threaten the drive.
2. Signals the host if the temperature exceeds a user-specified value.
3. Saves a S.M.A.R.T. data frame on the drive which exceeds the threatening temperature value.
A temperature sensor monitors the drive temperature and issues a warning over the interface when the tem-
perature exceeds a set threshold. The temperature is measured at power-up and then at ten-minute intervals
after power-up.
The thermal monitor system generates a warning code of 01-0B01 when the temperature exceeds the speci-
fied limit in compliance with the SCSI standard. The drive temperature is reported in the FRU code field of
mode sense data. You can use this information to determine if the warning is due to the temperature exceeding
the drive threatening temperature or the user-specified temperature.
This feature is controlled by the Enable Warning (EWasc) bit, and the reporting mechanism is controlled by the
Method of Reporting Informational Exceptions field (MRIE) on the Informational Exceptions Control (IEC)
mode page (1Ch).
The current algorithm implements two temperature trip points. The first trip point is set at 65°C which is the
maximum temperature limit according to the drive specification. The second trip point is user-selectable using
the Log Select command. The reference temperature parameter in the temperature log page (see Table 1) can
be used to set this trip point. The default value for this drive is 65°C, however, you can set it to any value in the
range of 0 to 65°C. If you specify a temperature greater than 65°C in this field, the temperature is rounded
down to 65°C. A sense code is sent to the host to indicate the rounding of the parameter field.
Table 1:
Temperature Log Page (0Dh)
Parameter Code
0000h
Description
Primary Temperature
Reference Temperature
0001h
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6.2.6
Drive Self Test (DST)
Drive Self Test (DST) is a technology designed to recognize drive fault conditions that qualify the drive as a
failed unit. DST validates the functionality of the drive at a system level.
There are two test coverage options implemented in DST:
1. Extended test
2. Short test
The most thorough option is the extended test that performs various tests on the drive and scans every logical
block address (LBA) of the drive. The short test is time-restricted and limited in length—it does not scan the
entire media surface, but does some fundamental tests and scans portions of the media.
If DST encounters an error during either of these tests, it reports a fault condition. If the drive fails the test,
remove it from service and return it to Seagate for service.
6.2.6.1
DST failure definition
The drive will present a “diagnostic failed” condition through the self-tests results value of the diagnostic log
page if a functional failure is encountered during DST. The channel and servo parameters are not modified to
test the drive more stringently, and the number of retries are not reduced. All retries and recovery processes
are enabled during the test. If data is recoverable, no failure condition will be reported regardless of the number
of retries required to recover the data.
The following conditions are considered DST failure conditions:
• Seek error after retries are exhausted
• Track-follow error after retries are exhausted
• Read error after retries are exhausted
• Write error after retries are exhausted
Recovered errors will not be reported as diagnostic failures.
6.2.6.2
Implementation
This section provides all of the information necessary to implement the DST function on this drive.
6.2.6.2.1
State of the drive prior to testing
The drive must be in a ready state before issuing the Send Diagnostic command. There are multiple reasons
why a drive may not be ready, some of which are valid conditions, and not errors. For example, a drive may be
in process of doing a format, or another DST. It is the responsibility of the host application to determine the “not
ready” cause.
While not technically part of DST, a Not Ready condition also qualifies the drive to be returned to Seagate as a
failed drive.
A Drive Not Ready condition is reported by the drive under the following conditions:
• Motor will not spin
• Motor will not lock to speed
• Servo will not lock on track
• Drive cannot read configuration tables from the disk
In these conditions, the drive responds to a Test Unit Ready command with an 02/04/00 or 02/04/03 code.
6.2.6.2.2
Invoking DST
To invoke DST, submit the Send Diagnostic command with the appropriate Function Code (001b for the short
test or 010b for the extended test) in bytes 1, bits 5, 6, and 7.
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6.2.6.2.3
Short and extended tests
DST has two testing options:
1. short
2. extended
These testing options are described in the following two subsections.
Each test consists of three segments: an electrical test segment, a servo test segment, and a read/verify scan
segment.
Short test (Function Code: 001b)
The purpose of the short test is to provide a time-limited test that tests as much of the drive as possible within
120 seconds. The short test does not scan the entire media surface, but does some fundamental tests and
scans portions of the media. A complete read/verify scan is not performed and only factual failures will report a
fault condition. This option provides a quick confidence test of the drive.
Extended test (Function Code: 010b)
The objective of the extended test option is to empirically test critical drive components. For example, the seek
tests and on-track operations test the positioning mechanism. The read operation tests the read head element
and the media surface. The write element is tested through read/write/read operations. The integrity of the
media is checked through a read/verify scan of the media. Motor functionality is tested by default as a part of
these tests.
The anticipated length of the Extended test is reported through the Control Mode page.
6.2.6.2.4
Log page entries
When the drive begins DST, it creates a new entry in the Self-test Results Log page. The new entry is created
by inserting a new self-test parameter block at the beginning of the self-test results log parameter section of the
log page. Existing data will be moved to make room for the new parameter block. The drive reports 20 param-
eter blocks in the log page. If there are more than 20 parameter blocks, the least recent parameter block will be
deleted. The new parameter block will be initialized as follows:
1. The Function Code field is set to the same value as sent in the DST command
2. The Self-Test Results Value field is set to Fh
3. The drive will store the log page to non-volatile memory
After a self-test is complete or has been aborted, the drive updates the Self-Test Results Value field in its Self-
Test Results Log page in non-volatile memory. The host may use Log Sense to read the results from up to the
last 20 self-tests performed by the drive. The self-test results value is a 4-bit field that reports the results of the
test. If the field is set to zero, the drive passed with no errors detected by the DST. If the field is not set to zero,
the test failed for the reason reported in the field.
The drive will report the failure condition and LBA (if applicable) in the Self-test Results Log parameter. The
Sense key, ASC, ASCQ, and FRU are used to report the failure condition.
6.2.6.2.5
Abort
There are several ways to abort a diagnostic. You can use a SCSI Bus Reset or a Bus Device Reset message
to abort the diagnostic.
You can abort a DST executing in background mode by using the abort code in the DST Function Code field.
This will cause a 01 (self-test aborted by the application client) code to appear in the self-test results values
log. All other abort mechanisms will be reported as a 02 (self-test routine was interrupted by a reset condition).
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6.2.7
Product warranty
Beginning on the date of shipment to the customer and continuing for the period specified in your purchase
contract, Seagate warrants that each product (including components and subassemblies) that fails to function
properly under normal use due to defect in materials or workmanship or due to nonconformance to the applica-
ble specifications will be repaired or replaced, at Seagate’s option and at no charge to the customer, if returned
by customer at customer’s expense to Seagate’s designated facility in accordance with Seagate’s warranty
procedure. Seagate will pay for transporting the repair or replacement item to the customer. For more detailed
warranty information, refer to the standard terms and conditions of purchase for Seagate products on your pur-
chase documentation.
The remaining warranty for a particular drive can be determined by calling Seagate Customer Service at
1-800-468-3472. You can also determine remaining warranty using the Seagate web site (www.seagate.com).
The drive serial number is required to determine remaining warranty information.
Shipping
When transporting or shipping a drive, use only a Seagate-approved container. Keep your original box. Sea-
gate approved containers are easily identified by the Seagate Approved Package label. Shipping a drive in a
non-approved container voids the drive warranty.
Seagate repair centers may refuse receipt of components improperly packaged or obviously damaged in tran-
sit. Contact your authorized Seagate distributor to purchase additional boxes. Seagate recommends shipping
by an air-ride carrier experienced in handling computer equipment.
Storage
The maximum recommended storage period for the drive in a non-operational environment is 90 days. Drives
should be stored in the original unopened Seagate shipping packaging whenever possible. Once the drive is
removed from the Seagate original packaging the recommended maximum period between drive operation
cycles is 30 days. During any storage period the drive non-operational temperature, humidity, wet bulb, atmo-
spheric conditions, shock, vibration, magnetic and electrical field specifications should be followed.
Product repair and return information
Seagate customer service centers are the only facilities authorized to service Seagate drives. Seagate does
not sanction any third-party repair facilities. Any unauthorized repair or tampering with the factory seal voids
the warranty.
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7.0
Physical/electrical specifications
This section provides information relating to the physical and electrical characteristics of the drive.
7.1
PowerChoiceTM power management
Drives using the load/unload architecture provide programmable power management to tailor systems for per-
formance and greater energy efficiency.
The table below lists the supported PowerChoice modes. The further you go down in the table, the more power
savings you get. For example, Idle2 mode results in greater power savings than Idle1 mode. Standby mode
results in the greatest power savings.
PowerChoice modes
Mode
Description
Idle_A
Reduced electronics
Idle_B
Heads unloaded. Disks spinning at full RPM
Heads unloaded. Disks spinning at reduced RPM
Idle_C
Standby_Y
Heads unloaded. Disks spinning at reduced RPM.
Recovery requires the NOTIFY (Enable Spinup) command.
Standby_Z
Heads unloaded. Motor stopped (disks not spinning)
Recovery requires the NOTIFY (Enable Spinup) command.
PowerChoiceTM can be invoked using one of these two methods:
• Power Condition mode page method—Enable and initialize the idle condition timers and/or the standby con-
dition timers. The timer values are based on the values set in the Power Condition mode page.
• START STOP UNIT command method—Use the START STOP UNIT command (OPERATION CODE 1Bh).
This allows the host to directly transition the drive to any supported PowerChoice mode.
If both the Power Condition mode page and START STOP UNIT command methods are used, the START
STOP UNIT command request takes precedence over the Power Condition mode page power control and may
disable the idle condition and standby condition timers. The REQUEST SENSE command reports the current
PowerChoice state if active and also the method by which the drive entered the PowerChoice state.
When the drive receives a command, all power condition timers are suspended if they were enabled via the
Power Condition mode page. Once all outstanding commands are processed, the power condition timers are
reinitialized to the values defined in the Power Condition mode page.
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7.1.1
PowerChoice reporting methods
PowerChoiceTM provides these reporting methods for tracking purposes:
Request Sense command reports
• Current power condition
• Method of entry
Note. Processing the Request Sense command does not impact the drive’s power save state.
Mode Sense command reports (mode page 0x1A)
• Idle conditions enabled / disabled
• Idle condition timer values (100ms increments) (default, saved, current, changeable)
Power Condition Vital Product Data (VPD) Page (VPD page 0x8A)
• Supported power conditions
• Typical recovery time from power conditions (1ms increments)
Start/Stop Cycle Counter Log Page reports (log page 0x0E)
• Specified and accumulated Start/Stops and Load/Unload cycles
Power Condition Transitions Log Page reports (log page 0x1A, subpage 0x00)
• Accumulated transitions to Active, Idle_A, Idle_B, Idle_C, Standby_Y, Standby_Z
7.2
AC power requirements
None.
7.3
DC power requirements
The voltage and current requirements for a single drive are shown below. Values indicated apply at the drive
connector.
The standard drive models and the SED drive models have identical hardware, however the security and
encryption portion of the drive controller ASIC is enabled and functional in the SED models. This represents a
small additional drain on the 5V supply of about 30mA and a commensurate increase of about 150mW in
power consumption. There is no additional drain on the 12V supply.
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Table 2:
2TB drive (Standard & SED model) DC power requirements
3.0Gb mode
(Amps)
+12V [4]
6.0Gb mode
(Amps)
Notes
Voltage
+5V
±5%
0.24
+5V
+12V [4]
±5% [2]
0.37
Regulation
Avg idle current DCX
Advanced idle current
Idle_A
[5]
±5% [2]
±5%
[1] [7]
0.43
0.25
0.36
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.42
0.37
0.20
0.02
0.36
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.42
0.37
0.20
0.02
Idle_B
Idle_C/ Standby_Y
Standby_Z
Transition current
Idle_A - Active
Idle_B - Active
0.62
0.76
0.62
0.86
1.62
1.57
2.41
2.71
0.62
0.60
0.60
0.98
1.64
1.57
2.39
2.73
Idle_C - Active
Standby - Active
Maximum starting current
(peak DC) DC
3σ
3σ
3σ
[5]
0.62
0.86
0.41
2.11
2.70
0.02
0.62
1.02
0.41
2.11
2.72
0.02
(peak AC) AC
[5]
Delayed motor start (max) DC
Peak operating current (random read):
Typical DCX
[1] [6]
[1] [6]
[1]
0.44
0.47
1.16
0.59
0.61
1.62
0.45
0.48
1.16
0.61
0.64
1.63
Maximum DC
3σ
Maximum (peak) DC
Peak operating current (random write)
Typical DCX
3σ
0.53
0.56
1.26
0.53
0.55
1.62
0.53
0.57
1.26
0.52
0.54
1.66
Maximum DC
3σ
Maximum (peak) DC
Peak operating current (sequential read)
Typical DCX
3σ
0.77
0.81
1.10
0.43
0.45
0.73
0.78
0.82
1.10
0.42
0.44
0.62
Maximum DC
3σ
Maximum (peak) DC
Peak operating current (sequential write)
Typical DCX
3σ
0.93
0.97
1.30
0.43
0.45
0.66
0.94
0.97
1.34
0.42
0.44
0.58
Maximum DC
3σ
Maximum (peak) DC
3σ
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Table 3:
1TB drive (Standard & SED model) DC power requirements
3.0Gb mode
(Amps)
+12V [4]
6.0Gb mode
(Amps)
Notes
Voltage
+5V
±5%
0.35
+5V
+12V [4]
±5% [2]
0.28
Regulation
Avg idle current DCX
Advanced idle current
Idle_A
[5]
±5% [2]
±5%
[1] [7]
0.28
0.36
0.35
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.28
0.25
0.14
0.02
0.36
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.28
0.25
0.14
0.02
Idle_B
Idle_C/ Standby_Y
Standby_Z
Transition current
Idle_A - Active
Idle_B - Active
0.60
0.64
0.60
0.90
1.52
1.43
2.04
2.50
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.88
1.50
1.40
2.11
2.49
Idle_C - Active
Standby - Active
Maximum starting current
(peak DC) DC
3σ
3σ
3σ
[5]
0.57
0.92
0.39
1.93
2.62
0.02
0.58
1.08
0.39
1.93
2.55
0.02
(peak AC) AC
[5]
Delayed motor start (max) DC
Peak operating current (random read):
Typical DCX
[1] [6]
[1] [6]
[1]
0.43
0.44
1.17
0.45
0.48
1.56
0.44
0.45
1.14
0.47
0.50
1.55
Maximum DC
3σ
Maximum (peak) DC
Peak operating current (random write)
Typical DCX
3σ
0.53
0.55
1.30
0.35
0.38
1.59
0.53
0.55
1.32
0.36
0.38
1.54
Maximum DC
3σ
Maximum (peak) DC
Peak operating current (sequential read)
Typical DCX
3σ
0.77
0.80
1.06
0.27
0.28
0.64
0.77
0.81
1.09
0.27
0.29
0.51
Maximum DC
3σ
Maximum (peak) DC
Peak operating current (sequential write)
Typical DCX
3σ
0.94
1.02
1.37
0.27
0.28
0.54
0.94
1.03
1.36
0.27
0.29
0.48
Maximum DC
3σ
Maximum (peak) DC
3σ
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Table 4:
500GB drive (Standard & SED model) DC power requirements
3.0Gb mode
(Amps)
+12V [4]
6.0Gb mode
(Amps)
Notes
Voltage
+5V
±5%
0.36
+5V
+12V [4]
±5% [2]
0.21
Regulation
Avg idle current DCX
Advanced idle current
Idle_A
[5]
±5% [2]
±5%
[1] [7]
0.21
0.36
0.36
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.21
0.19
0.11
0.02
0.36
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.21
0.19
0.12
0.02
Idle_B
Idle_C/ Standby_Y
Standby_Z
Transition current
Idle_A - Active
Idle_B - Active
0.62
0.62
0.66
0.88
1.48
1.32
2.04
2.46
0.64
0.70
0.84
0.86
1.42
1.35
2.05
2.53
Idle_C - Active
Standby - Active
Maximum starting current
(peak DC) DC
3σ
3σ
3σ
[5]
0.61
0.83
0.44
1.92
2.53
0.02
0.61
0.96
0.44
1.93
2.59
0.02
(peak AC) AC
[5]
Delayed motor start (max) DC
Peak operating current (random read):
Typical DCX
[1] [6]
[1] [6]
[1]
0.44
0.44
1.18
0.37
0.39
1.48
0.44
0.50
1.29
0.38
0.41
1.45
Maximum DC
3σ
Maximum (peak) DC
Peak operating current (random write)
Typical DCX
3σ
0.54
0.59
1.32
0.28
0.31
1.47
0.54
0.59
1.32
0.29
0.41
1.47
Maximum DC
3σ
Maximum (peak) DC
Peak operating current (sequential read)
Typical DCX
3σ
0.77
0.84
1.07
0.20
0.21
0.40
0.77
0.84
1.07
0.20
0.21
0.43
Maximum DC
3σ
Maximum (peak) DC
Peak operating current (sequential write)
Typical DCX
3σ
0.95
1.01
1.40
0.20
0.21
0.38
0.95
1.01
1.38
0.20
0.21
0.38
Maximum DC
3σ
Maximum (peak) DC
3σ
Note. See table notes on the next page.
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[1] Measured with average reading DC ammeter.
[2] Instantaneous +12V current peaks will exceed these values.
[3] Power supply at nominal voltage. N (number of drives tested) = 6, 35 Degrees C ambient.
[4] For +12 V, a –10% tolerance is allowed during initial spindle start but must return to ±5% before reaching
7200 RPM. The ±5% must be maintained after the drive signifies that its power-up sequence has been
completed and that the drive is able to accept selection by the host initiator.
[5] See +12V current profile in Figure 3.
[6] This condition occurs after OOB and Speed Negotiation completes but before the drive has received the
Notify Spinup primitive.
[7] See paragraph 7.3.1, "Conducted noise immunity." Specified voltage tolerance includes ripple, noise, and
transient response.
[8] Operating condition is defined as random 8 block reads.
[9] During idle, the drive heads are relocated every 60 seconds to a random location within the band from
three-quarters to maximum track.
General DC power requirement notes.
1. Minimum current loading for each supply voltage is not less than 1.7% of the maximum operating current
shown.
2. The +5V and +12V supplies should employ separate ground returns.
3. Where power is provided to multiple drives from a common supply, careful consideration for individual
drive power requirements should be noted. Where multiple units are powered on simultaneously, the peak
starting current must be available to each device.
4. Parameters, other than spindle start, are measured after a 10-minute warm up.
5. No terminator power.
7.3.1
Conducted noise immunity
Noise is specified as a periodic and random distribution of frequencies covering a band from DC to 10 MHz.
Maximum allowed noise values given below are peak-to-peak measurements and apply at the drive power
connector.
+5v
=
=
250 mV pp from 100 Hz to 20 MHz.
+12v
800 mV pp from 100 Hz to 8 KHz.
450 mV pp from 8 KHz to 20 KHz.
250 mV pp from 20 KHz to 5 MHz.
7.3.2
Power sequencing
The drive does not require power sequencing. The drive protects against inadvertent writing during power-up
and down.
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7.3.3
Current profiles
The +12V (top) and +5V (bottom) current profiles for the Constellation ES.1 drives are shown below.
Figure 1.
2TB model current profiles
Note: All times and currents are typical. See Table 2 for maximum current requirements.
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Figure 2.
1TB model current profiles
Note: All times and currents are typical. See Table 2 for maximum current requirements.
28
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Figure 3.
500GB model current profiles
Note: All times and currents are typical. See Table 2 for maximum current requirements.
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7.4
Power dissipation
2TB models in 3Gb operation
Please refer to Table 2 for power dissipation numbers.
To obtain operating power for typical random read operations, refer to the following I/O rate curve (see Figure
4). Locate the typical I/O rate for a drive in your system on the horizontal axis and read the corresponding +5
volt current, +12 volt current, and total watts on the vertical axis. To calculate BTUs per hour, multiply watts by
3.4123.
Figure 4.
2TB models (3Gb) DC current and power vs. input/output operations per second
Note. For power details about SED vs. non-SED drive, please refer to section 7.8.
30
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2TB models in 6Gb operation
Please refer to Table 2 for power dissipation numbers.
To obtain operating power for typical random read operations, refer to the following I/O rate curve (see Figure
5.). Locate the typical I/O rate for a drive in your system on the horizontal axis and read the corresponding +5
volt current, +12 volt current, and total watts on the vertical axis. To calculate BTUs per hour, multiply watts by
3.4123.
Figure 5.
2TB models (6Gb) DC current and power vs. input/output operations per second
For power details about SED vs. non-SED drive, please refer to section 7.8.
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1TB models in 3Gb operation
Please refer to Table 2 for power dissipation numbers.
To obtain operating power for typical random read operations, refer to the following I/O rate curve (see Figure
6). Locate the typical I/O rate for a drive in your system on the horizontal axis and read the corresponding +5
volt current, +12 volt current, and total watts on the vertical axis. To calculate BTUs per hour, multiply watts by
3.4123.
Figure 6.
1TB models (3Gb) DC current and power vs. input/output operations per second
Note. For power details about SED vs. non-SED drive, please refer to section 7.8.
32
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1TB models in 6Gb operation
Please refer to Table 2 for power dissipation numbers.
To obtain operating power for typical random read operations, refer to the following I/O rate curve (see Figure
7.). Locate the typical I/O rate for a drive in your system on the horizontal axis and read the corresponding +5
volt current, +12 volt current, and total watts on the vertical axis. To calculate BTUs per hour, multiply watts by
3.4123.
Figure 7.
1TB models (6Gb) DC current and power vs. input/output operations per second
For power details about SED vs. non-SED drive, please refer to section 7.8.
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500GB models in 3Gb operation
Please refer to Table 2 for power dissipation numbers.
To obtain operating power for typical random read operations, refer to the following I/O rate curve (see Figure
8). Locate the typical I/O rate for a drive in your system on the horizontal axis and read the corresponding +5
volt current, +12 volt current, and total watts on the vertical axis. To calculate BTUs per hour, multiply watts by
3.4123.
Figure 8.
500GB models (3Gb) DC current and power vs. input/output operations per second
Note. For power details about SED vs. non-SED drive, please refer to section 7.8.
34
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500GB models in 6Gb operation
Please refer to Table 2 for power dissipation numbers.
To obtain operating power for typical random read operations, refer to the following I/O rate curve (see Figure
9.). Locate the typical I/O rate for a drive in your system on the horizontal axis and read the corresponding +5
volt current, +12 volt current, and total watts on the vertical axis. To calculate BTUs per hour, multiply watts by
3.4123.
Figure 9.
500GB models (6Gb) DC current and power vs. input/output operations per second
For power details about SED vs. non-SED drive, please refer to section 7.8.
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7.5
Environmental limits
Temperature and humidity values experienced by the drive must be such that condensation does not occur on
any drive part. Altitude and atmospheric pressure specifications are referenced to a standard day at 58.7°F
(14.8°C). Maximum wet bulb temperature is 82°F (28°C).
7.5.1
Temperature
a. Operating
The drive meets the operating specifications over a 41°F to 140°F (5°C to 60°C) drive case temperature
range with a maximum temperature gradient of 36°F (20°C) per hour.
The maximum allowable drive case temperature is 60°C. See Figure 10 for HDA case temperature
measurement location.
The MTBF specification for the drive assumes the operating environment is designed to maintain nominal
case temperature. The rated MTBF is based upon a sustained case temperature of 104°F (40°C).
Occasional excursions in operating temperature between the rated MTBF temperature and the maximum
drive operating case temperature may occur without impact to the rated MTBF temperature. However,
continual or sustained operation at case temperatures beyond the rated MTBF temperature will degrade the
drive MTBF and reduce product reliability.
Air flow may be required to achieve consistent nominal case temperature values (see Section 11.2). To
confirm that the required cooling is provided for the electronics and HDA, place the drive in its final
mechanical configuration, and perform random write/read operations. After the temperatures stabilize,
measure the case temperature of the drive.
b. Non-operating
–40° to 158°F (–40° to 70°C) package ambient with a maximum gradient of 36°F (20°C) per hour. This
specification assumes that the drive is packaged in the shipping container designed by Seagate for use with
drive.
HDA Temp.
Check Point
Figure 10. Location of the HDA temperature check point
Note. Image is for reference only, may not represent actual drive.
7.5.2
Relative humidity
The values below assume that no condensation on the drive occurs.
a. Operating
5% to 95% non-condensing relative humidity with a maximum gradient of 20% per hour.
b. Non-operating
5% to 95% non-condensing relative humidity.
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7.5.3
Effective altitude (sea level)
a. Operating
–200 to +10,000 feet (–61 to +3,048 meters)
b. Non-operating
–200 to +40,000 feet (–61 to +12,210 meters)
7.5.4
Shock and vibration
Shock and vibration limits specified in this document are measured directly on the drive chassis. If the drive is
installed in an enclosure to which the stated shock and/or vibration criteria is applied, resonances may occur
internally to the enclosure resulting in drive movement in excess of the stated limits. If this situation is apparent,
it may be necessary to modify the enclosure to minimize drive movement.
The limits of shock and vibration defined within this document are specified with the drive mounted by any of
the four methods shown in Figure 11, and in accordance with the restrictions of Section 11.3.
7.5.4.1
Shock
a. Operating—normal
The drive, as installed for normal operation, shall operate error free while subjected to intermittent shock not
exceeding 70 Gs at a maximum duration of 2ms (half sinewave). Shock may be applied in the X, Y, or Z
axis. Shock is not to be repeated more than once every 2 seconds.
b. Operating—abnormal
Equipment, as installed for normal operation, does not incur physical damage while subjected to intermit-
tent shock not exceeding 40 Gs at a maximum duration of 11ms (half sinewave). Shock occurring at abnor-
mal levels may promote degraded operational performance during the abnormal shock period. Specified
operational performance will continue when normal operating shock levels resume. Shock may be applied
in the X, Y, or Z axis. Shock is not to be repeated more than once every 2 seconds.
c. Non-operating
The limits of non-operating shock shall apply to all conditions of handling and transportation. This includes
both isolated drives and integrated drives.
The drive subjected to nonrepetitive shock not exceeding 80 Gs at a maximum duration of 11ms (half sine-
wave) shall not exhibit device damage or performance degradation. Shock may be applied in the X, Y, or Z
axis.
The drive subjected to nonrepetitive shock not exceeding 300 Gs at a maximum duration of 2ms (half sine-
wave) does not exhibit device damage or performance degradation. Shock may be applied in the X, Y, or Z
axis.
The drive subjected to nonrepetitive shock not exceeding 200 Gs at a maximum duration of 0.5ms (half sin-
ewave) does not exhibit device damage or performance degradation. Shock may be applied in the X, Y, or
Z axis.
d. Packaged
Disk drives shipped as loose load (not palletized) general freight will be packaged to withstand drops from
heights as defined in the table below. For additional details refer to Seagate specifications 30190-001
(under 100 lbs/45 kg) or 30191-001 (over 100 lbs/45 Kg).
Package size
Packaged/product weight
Any
Drop height
<600 cu in (<9,800 cu cm)
600-1800 cu in (9,800-19,700 cu cm)
>1800 cu in (>19,700 cu cm)
>600 cu in (>9,800 cu cm)
60 in (1524 mm)
48 in (1219 mm)
42 in (1067 mm)
36 in (914 mm)
0-20 lb (0 to 9.1 kg)
0-20 lb (0 to 9.1 kg)
20-40 lb (9.1 to 18.1 kg)
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Drives packaged in single or multipacks with a gross weight of 20 pounds (8.95 kg) or less by Seagate for
general freight shipment shall withstand a drop test from 48 inches (1,070 mm) against a concrete floor or
equivalent.
X
X
Figure 11. Recommended mounting
Note. Image is for reference only, may not represent actual drive.
7.5.4.2
Vibration
a. Operating—normal
The drive as installed for normal operation, shall comply with the complete specified performance while
subjected to continuous vibration not exceeding
5 - 22 Hz
0.25 Gs, limited displacement
22 - 350 Hz
350 - 500 Hz
0.5 Gs
0.25 Gs
Vibration may be applied in the X, Y, or Z axis.
b. Operating—abnormal
Equipment as installed for normal operation shall not incur physical damage while subjected to periodic
vibration not exceeding:
15 minutes of duration at major resonant frequency
Vibration occurring at these levels may degrade operational performance during the abnormal vibration
period. Specified operational performance will continue when normal operating vibration levels are
resumed. This assumes system recovery routines are available.
Operating abnormal translational random flat profile
5-500 Hz @ 0.75 G (X, Y, or Z axis)
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c. Non-operating
The limits of non-operating vibration shall apply to all conditions of handling and transportation. This
includes both isolated drives and integrated drives.
The drive shall not incur physical damage or degraded performance as a result of continuous vibration not
exceeding
5 - 22 Hz
2 Gs (0 to peak, linear, swept sine, 0.5 octave/min)
5 Gs (0 to peak, linear, swept sine, 0.5 octave/min)
2 Gs (0 to peak, linear, swept sine, 0.5 octave/min)
22 - 350 Hz
350 - 500 Hz
Vibration may be applied in the X, Y, or Z axis.
7.5.5
Acoustics
Sound power during idle mode shall be 2.7 bels typical when measured to ISO 7779 specification. Sound
power while operating shall be 3.0 bels typical when measured to ISO 7779 specification.
There will not be any discrete tones more than 10 dB above the masking noise on typical drives when mea-
sured according to Seagate specification 30553-001. There will not be any tones more than 24 dB above the
masking noise on any drive.
7.5.6
Air cleanliness
The drive is designed to operate in a typical office environment with minimal environmental control.
7.5.7
Corrosive environment
Seagate electronic drive components pass accelerated corrosion testing equivalent to 10 years exposure to
light industrial environments containing sulfurous gases, chlorine and nitric oxide, classes G and H per ASTM
B845. However, this accelerated testing cannot duplicate every potential application environment.
Users should use caution exposing any electronic components to uncontrolled chemical pollutants and corro-
sive chemicals as electronic drive component reliability can be affected by the installation environment. The sil-
ver, copper, nickel and gold films used in Seagate products are especially sensitive to the presence of sulfide,
chloride, and nitrate contaminants. Sulfur is found to be the most damaging. In addition, electronic components
should never be exposed to condensing water on the surface of the printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) or
exposed to an ambient relative humidity greater than 95%. Materials used in cabinet fabrication, such as vulca-
nized rubber, that can outgas corrosive compounds should be minimized or eliminated. The useful life of any
electronic equipment may be extended by replacing materials near circuitry with sulfide-free alternatives.
7.5.8
Electromagnetic susceptibility
See Section 3.1.1.1.
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7.6
Mechanical specifications
The following nominal dimensions are exclusive of the decorative front panel accessory. However, dimensions
of the front panel are shown in figure below. Refer to Figure 12 for detailed mounting configuration dimensions.
See Section 11.3, “Drive mounting.”
Weight: (maximum)
500GB models
1TB models
2TB models
1.34 lb
1.41 lb
1.57 lb
610 g
640 g
710 g
Note. These dimensions conform to the Small Form Factor Standard documented in SFF-8301 and
in
mm
in
mm
Breather
Hole
in
mm
Figure 12. Mounting configuration dimensions
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8.0
About FIPS
The Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) Publication 140-2 is a U.S. Government Computer
Security Standard used to accredit cryptographic modules. It is titled 'Security Requirements for Cryptographic
Modules (FIPS PUB 140-2)' and is issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
Purpose
This standard specifies the security requirements that will be satisfied by a cryptographic module utilized within
a security system protecting sensitive but unclassified information. The standard provides four increasing,
qualitative levels of security: Level 1, Level 2, Level 3 and Level 4. These levels are intended to cover the wide
range of potential applications and environments in which cryptographic modules may be employed.
Validation Program
Products that claim conformance to this standard are validated by the Cryptographic Module Validation Pro-
gram (CMVP) which is a joint effort between National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the
Communications Security Establishment (CSE) of the Government of Canada. Products validated as conform-
ing to FIPS 140-2 are accepted by the Federal agencies of both countries for the protection of sensitive infor-
mation (United States) or Designated Information (Canada).
In the CMVP, vendors of cryptographic modules use independent, accredited testing laborites to have their
modules tested. National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP) accredited laboratories per-
form cryptographic module compliance/conformance testing.
Seagate Enterprise SED
The SEDs referenced in this Product Manual have been validated by CMVP and have been thoroughly tested
by a NVLAP accredited lab to satisfy FIPS 140-2 Level 2 requirements. In order to operate in FIPS Approved
Mode of Operation, these SEDs require security initialization. For more information, refer to 'Security Rules'
section in the 'Security Policy' document uploaded on the NIST website. To reference the product certification
visit - http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/STM/cmvp/documents/140-1/1401vend.htm, and search for “Seagate”.
Security Level 2
Security Level 2 enhances the physical security mechanisms of a Security Level 1 cryptographic module
by adding the requirement for tamper-evidence, which includes the use of tamper-evident coatings or
seals on removable covers of the module. Tamper-evident coatings or seals are placed on a cryptographic
module so that the coating or seal must be broken to attain physical access to the critical security
parameters (CSP) within the module. Tamper-evident seals (example shown in Figure 13 page 42) are
placed on covers to protect against unauthorized physical access. In addition Security Level 2 requires, at
a minimum, role-based authentication in which a cryptographic module authenticates the authorization of
an operator to assume a specific role and perform a corresponding set of services.
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Figure 13. Example of FIPS tamper evidence labels.
Note. Image is for reference only, may not represent actual drive.
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9.0
About self-encrypting drives
Self-encrypting drives (SEDs) offer encryption and security services for the protection of stored data, com-
monly known as “protection of data at rest.” These drives are compliant with the Trusted Computing Group
(TCG) Enterprise Storage Specifications as detailed in Section 3.2.
The Trusted Computing Group (TCG) is an organization sponsored and operated by companies in the com-
puter, storage and digital communications industry. Seagate’s SED models comply with the standards pub-
lished by the TCG.
To use the security features in the drive, the host must be capable of constructing and issuing the following two
SCSI commands:
• Security Protocol Out
• Security Protocol In
These commands are used to convey the TCG protocol to and from the drive in their command payloads.
9.1
Data encryption
Encrypting drives use one inline encryption engine for each port, employing AES-256 data encryption in Cipher
Block Chaining (CBC) mode to encrypt all data prior to being written on the media and to decrypt all data as it
is read from the media. The encryption engines are always in operation and cannot be disabled.
The 32-byte Data Encryption Key (DEK) is a random number which is generated by the drive, never leaves the
drive, and is inaccessible to the host system. The DEK is itself encrypted when it is stored on the media and
when it is in volatile temporary storage (DRAM) external to the encryption engine. A unique data encryption
key is used for each of the drive's possible16 data bands (see Section 9.5).
9.2
Controlled access
The drive has two security providers (SPs) called the "Admin SP" and the "Locking SP." These act as gate-
keepers to the drive security services. Security-related commands will not be accepted unless they also supply
the correct credentials to prove the requester is authorized to perform the command.
9.2.1
Admin SP
The Admin SP allows the drive's owner to enable or disable firmware download operations (see Section 9.4).
Access to the Admin SP is available using the SID (Secure ID) password or the MSID (Manufacturers Secure
ID) password.
9.2.2
Locking SP
The Locking SP controls read/write access to the media and the cryptographic erase feature. Access to the
Locking SP is available using the BandMasterX or EraseMaster passwords. Since the drive owner can define
up to 16 data bands on the drive, each data band has its own password called BandMasterX where X is the
number of the data band (0 through 15).
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9.2.3
Default password
When the drive is shipped from the factory, all passwords are set to the value of MSID. This 32-byte random
value can only be read by the host electronically over the interface. After receipt of the drive, it is the responsi-
bility of the owner to use the default MSID password as the authority to change all other passwords to unique
owner-specified values.
9.3
Random number generator (RNG)
The drive has a 32-byte hardware RNG that it is uses to derive encryption keys or, if requested to do so, to pro-
vide random numbers to the host for system use, including using these numbers as Authentication Keys (pass-
words) for the drive’s Admin and Locking SPs.
9.4
Drive locking
In addition to changing the passwords, as described in Section 9.2.3, the owner should also set the data
access controls for the individual bands.
The variable "LockOnReset" should be set to "PowerCycle" to ensure that the data bands will be locked if
power is lost. In addition "ReadLockEnabled" and "WriteLockEnabled" must be set to true in the locking table in
order for the bands "LockOnReset" setting of "PowerCycle" to actually lock access to the band when a "Power-
Cycle" event occurs. This scenario occurs if the drive is removed from its cabinet. The drive will not honor any
data read or write requests until the bands have been unlocked. This prevents the user data from being
accessed without the appropriate credentials when the drive has been removed from its cabinet and installed
in another system. When the drive is shipped from the factory, the firmware download port is unlocked
9.5
Data bands
When shipped from the factory, the drive is configured with a single data band called Band 0 (also known as
the Global Data Band) which comprises LBA 0 through LBA max. The host may allocate Band1 by specifying a
start LBA and an LBA range. The real estate for this band is taken from the Global Band. An additional 14 Data
Bands may be defined in a similar way (Band2 through Band15) but before these bands can be allocated LBA
space, they must first be individually enabled using the EraseMaster password.
Data bands cannot overlap but they can be sequential with one band ending at LBA (x) and the next beginning
at LBA (x+1).
Each data band has its own drive-generated encryption key and its own user-supplied password. The host may
change the Encryption Key (see Section 9.6) or the password when required. The bands should be aligned to
4K LBA boundaries.
9.6
Cryptographic erase
A significant feature of SEDs is the ability to perform a cryptographic erase. This involves the host telling the
drive to change the data encryption key for a particular band. Once changed, the data is no longer recoverable
since it was written with one key and will be read using a different key. Since the drive overwrites the old key
with the new one, and keeps no history of key changes, the user data can never be recovered. This is tanta-
mount to an instantaneous data erase and is very useful if the drive is to be scrapped or redispositioned.
9.7
Authenticated firmware download
In addition to providing a locking mechanism to prevent unwanted firmware download attempts, the drive also
only accepts download files which have been cryptographically signed by the appropriate Seagate Design
Center.
Three conditions must be met before the drive will allow the download operation:
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1. The download must be an SED file. A standard (base) drive (non-SED) file will be rejected.
2. The download file must be signed and authenticated.
3. As with a non-SED drive, the download file must pass the acceptance criteria for the drive. For example it
must be applicable to the correct drive model, and have compatible revision and customer status.
9.8
Power requirements
The standard drive models and the SED drive models have identical hardware, however the security and
encryption portion of the drive controller ASIC is enabled and functional in the SED models. This represents a
small additional drain on the 5V supply of about 30mA and a commensurate increase of about 150mW in
power consumption. There is no additional drain on the 12V supply. See the tables in Section 7.3 for power
requirements on the standard (non-SED) drive models.
9.9
Supported commands
The SED models support the following two commands in addition to the commands supported by the standard
(non-SED) models as listed in Table 8:
• Security Protocol Out (B5h)
• Security Protocol In (A2h)
9.10
Sanitize - CRYPTOGRAPHIC ERASE
This command cryptographically erases all user data on the drive by destroying the current data encryption key
and replacing it with a new data encryption key randomly generated by the drive. Sanitize CRYPTOGRAPHIC
ERASE is a SCSI CDB Op code 48h and selecting the service action code 3 (CRYPTOGRAPHIC ERASE)
9.11
RevertSP
The SED models will support RevertSP feature where it erases all data in all bands on the device and returns
the contents of all SPs (Security Providers) on the device to their original factory state. In order to execute the
RevertSP method the unique PSID (Physical Secure ID) printed on the drive label must be provided. PSID is
not electronically accessible and can only be manually read from the drive label or scanned in via the 2D bar-
code.
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10.0
Defect and error management
Seagate continues to use innovative technologies to manage defects and errors. These technologies are
designed to increase data integrity, perform drive self-maintenance, and validate proper drive operation.
SCSI defect and error management involves drive internal defect/error management and SAS system error
considerations (errors in communications between the initiator and the drive). In addition, Seagate provides
the following technologies used to increase data integrity and drive reliability:
• Background Media Scan (see Section 10.4)
• Media Pre-Scan (see Section 10.5)
• Deferred Auto-Reallocation (see Section 10.6)
• Idle Read After Write (see Section 10.7)
The read error rates and specified storage capacities are not dependent on host (initiator) defect management
routines.
10.1
Drive internal defects/errors
During the initial drive format operation at the factory, media defects are identified, tagged as being unusable,
and their locations recorded on the drive primary defects list (referred to as the “P’ list and also as the ETF
defect list). At factory format time, these known defects are also reallocated, that is, reassigned to a new place
on the medium and the location listed in the defects reallocation table. The “P” list is not altered after factory
formatting. Locations of defects found and reallocated during error recovery procedures after drive shipment
are listed in the “G” list (defects growth list). The “P” and “G” lists may be referenced by the initiator using the
Read Defect Data command.
Details of the SCSI commands supported by the drive are described in the SAS Interface Manual. Also, more
information on the drive Error Recovery philosophy is presented in the SAS Interface Manual.
10.2
Drive error recovery procedures
When an error occurs during drive operation, the drive, if programmed to do so, performs error recovery proce-
dures to attempt to recover the data. The error recovery procedures used depend on the options previously set
in the Error Recovery Parameters mode page. Error recovery and defect management may involve using sev-
eral SCSI commands described in the SAS Interface Manual. The drive implements selectable error recovery
time limits required in video applications.
The error recovery scheme supported by the drive provides a way to control the total error recovery time for the
entire command in addition to controlling the recovery level for a single LBA. The total amount of time spent in
error recovery for a command can be limited using the Recovery Time Limit bytes in the Error Recovery mode
page. The total amount of time spent in error recovery for a single LBA can be limited using the Read Retry
Count or Write Retry Count bytes in the Error Recovery mode page.
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The drive firmware error recovery algorithms consist of 12 levels for read recoveries and five levels for write.
Each level may consist of multiple steps, where a step is defined as a recovery function involving a single re-
read or re-write attempt. The maximum level used by the drive in LBA recovery is determined by the read and
write retry counts.
Table 5 equates the read and write retry count with the maximum possible recovery time for read and write
recovery of individual LBAs. The times given do not include time taken to perform reallocations. Reallocations
are performed when the ARRE bit (for reads) or AWRE bit (for writes) is one, the RC bit is zero, and the recov-
ery time limit for the command has not yet been met. Time needed to perform reallocation is not counted
against the recovery time limit.
When the RC bit is one, reallocations are disabled even if the ARRE or AWRE bits are one. The drive will still
perform data recovery actions within the limits defined by the Read Retry Count, Write Retry Count, and
Recovery Time Limit parameters. However, the drive does not report any unrecovered errors.
Table 5:
Read and write retry count maximum recovery times
Maximum recovery time per
Maximum recovery time per
LBA (cumulative, ms)
Read retry count LBA (cumulative, ms)
Write retry count
0
108.29
124.95
424.83
458.15
483.14
590.16
644.92
711.56
898.54
1049.49
1116.13
1174.44
2311.47
0
23.94
35.91
55.86
67.83
119.79
147.72
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5 (default)
6
7
8
9
10
11
12 (default)
Setting these retry counts to a value below the default setting could result in degradation of the unrecovered
error rate. For example, suppose the read/write recovery page has the RC bit = 0, the read retry count set to 4,
and the recovery time limit set to 450. A 4-block read command can take up to 483.14ms recovery time for
each block and a maximum of 450ms recovery for all four blocks. If either of these limits is reached and a block
has not yet been recovered, the command will end with Check Condition status and an unrecoverable read
error will be reported.
10.3
SAS system errors
Information on the reporting of operational errors or faults across the interface is given in the SAS Interface
Manual. The SSP Response returns information to the host about numerous kinds of errors or faults. The
Receive Diagnostic Results reports the results of diagnostic operations performed by the drive.
Status returned by the drive to the initiator is described in the SAS Interface Manual. Status reporting plays a
role in systems error management and its use in that respect is described in sections where the various com-
mands are discussed.
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10.4
Background Media Scan
Background Media Scan (BMS) is a self-initiated media scan. BMS is defined in the T10 document SPC-4
available from the T10 committee. BMS performs sequential reads across the entire pack of the media while
the drive is idle. In RAID arrays, BMS allows hot spare drives to be scanned for defects prior to being put into
service by the host system. On regular duty drives, if the host system makes use of the BMS Log Page, it can
avoid placing data in suspect locations on the media. Unreadable and recovered error sites will be logged or
reallocated per ARRE/AWRE settings.
With BMS, the host system can consume less power and system overhead by only checking BMS status and
results rather than tying up the bus and consuming power in the process of host-initiated media scanning activ-
ity.
Since the background scan functions are only done during idle periods, BMS causes a negligible impact to sys-
tem performance. The first BMS scan for a newly manufactured drive is performed as quickly as possible to
verify the media and protect data by setting the “Start time after idle” to 5ms, all subsequent scans begin after
500ms of idle time. Other features that normally use idle time to function will function normally because BMS
functions for bursts of 800ms and then suspends activity for 100ms to allow other background functions to
operate.
BMS interrupts immediately to service host commands from the interface bus while performing reads. BMS will
complete any BMS-initiated error recovery prior to returning to service host-initiated commands. Overhead
associated with a return to host-servicing activity from BMS only impacts the first command that interrupted
BMS, this results in a typical delay of about 1 ms.
10.5
Media Pre-Scan
Media Pre-Scan is a feature that allows the drive to repair media errors that would otherwise have been found
by the host system during critical data accesses early in the drive’s life. The default setting for Media Pre-Scan
is enabled on standard products. Media Pre-Scan checks each write command to determine if the destination
LBAs have been scanned by BMS. If the LBAs have been verified, the drive proceeds with the normal write
command. If the LBAs have not been verified by BMS, Pre-Scan will convert the write to a write verify to certify
that the data was properly written to the disk.
Note. During Pre-Scan write verify commands, write performance may decrease by 50% until Pre-Scan
completes. Write performance testing should be performed after Pre-Scan is complete. This may
be checked by reading the BMS status.
To expedite the scan of the full pack and subsequently exit from the Pre-Scan period, BMS will begin scanning
immediately when the drive goes to idle during the Pre-Scan period. In the event that the drive is in a high
transaction traffic environment and is unable to complete a BMS scan within 24 power on hours BMS will dis-
able Pre-Scan to restore full performance to the system.
10.6
Deferred Auto-Reallocation
Deferred Auto-Reallocation (DAR) simplifies reallocation algorithms at the system level by allowing the drive to
reallocate unreadable locations on a subsequent write command. Sites are marked for DAR during read oper-
ations performed by the drive. When a write command is received for an LBA marked for DAR, the auto-reallo-
cation process is invoked and attempts to rewrite the data to the original location. If a verification of this rewrite
fails, the sector is re-mapped to a spare location.
This is in contrast to the system having to use the Reassign Command to reassign a location that was unread-
able and then generate a write command to rewrite the data. DAR is most effective when AWRE and ARRE
are enabled—this is the default setting from the Seagate factory. With AWRE and ARRE disabled DAR is
unable to reallocate the failing location and will report an error sense code indicating that a write command is
being attempted to a previously failing location.
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10.7
Idle Read After Write
Idle Read After Write (IRAW) utilizes idle time to verify the integrity of recently written data. During idle periods,
no active system requests, the drive reads recently written data from the media and compares it to valid write
command data resident in the drives data buffer. Any sectors that fail the comparison result in the invocation of
a rewrite and auto-reallocation process. The process attempts to rewrite the data to the original location. If a
verification of this rewrite fails, the sector is re-mapped to a spare location.
10.8
Protection Information (PI)
Protection Information is intended as a standardized approach to system level LRC traditionally provided by
systems using 520 byte formatted LBAs. Drives formatted with PI information provide the same, common LBA
count (i.e. same capacity point) as non-PI formatted drives. Sequential performance of a PI drive will be
reduced by approximately 1.56% due to the extra overhead of PI being transferred from the media that is not
calculated as part of the data transferred to the host. To determine the full transfer rate of a PI drive, transfers
should be calculated by adding the 8 extra bytes of PI to the transferred LBA length, i.e. 512 + 8 = 520. PI for-
matted drives are physically formatted to 520 byte sectors that store 512 bytes of customer data with 8 bytes of
Protection Information appended to it. The advantage of PI is that the Protection Information bits can be man-
aged at the HBA and HBA driver level. Allowing a system that typically does not support 520 LBA formats to
integrate this level of protection.
Protection Information is valid with any supported LBA size. 512 LBA size is used here as common example.
10.8.1
Levels of PI
There are 4 types of Protection Information.
Type 0 - Describes a drive that is not formatted with PI information bytes. This allows for legacy support in non-
PI systems.
Type 1 - Provides support of PI protection using 10 and 16 byte commands. The RDPROTECT and WRTPRO-
TECT bits allow for checking control through the CDB. Eight bytes of Protection Information are transmitted at
LBA boundaries across the interface if RDPROTECT and WRTPROTECT bits are nonzero values. Type 1
does not allow the use of 32 byte commands.
Type 2 - Provides checking control and additional expected fields within the 32 byte CDBs. Eight bytes of Pro-
tection Information are transmitted at LBA boundaries across the interface if RDPROTECT and WRTPRO-
TECT bits are nonzero values. Type 2 does allow the use of 10 and 16 byte commands with zero values in the
RDPROTECT and WRTPROTECT fields. The drive will generate 8 bytes (e.g.0xFFFF) 8 bytes of Protection
Information to be stored on the media, but the 8 bytes will not be transferred to the host during a read com-
mand.
Type 3 - Seagate products do not support Type 3.
10.8.2
Setting and determining the current Type Level
A drive is initialized to a type of PI by using the format command on a PI capable drive. Once a drive is format-
ted to a PI Type, it may be queried by a Read Capacity (16) command to report the PI type which it is currently
formatted to. PI Types cannot coexist on a single drive. A drive can only be formatted to a single PI Type. It can
be changed at anytime to a new Type but requires a low level format which destroys all existing data on the
drive. No other vehicle for changing the PI type is provided by the T10 SBC3 specification.
Type 1 PI format CDB command: 04 90 00 00 00 00, Write Buffer: 00 A0 00 00
Type 2 PI format CDB command: 04 D0 00 00 00 00, Write Buffer: 00 A0 00 00
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10.8.3
Identifying a Protection Information drive
The Standard Inquiry provides a bit to indicate if PI is support by the drive. Vital Product Descriptor (VPD) page
0x86 provides bits to indicate the PI Types supported and which PI fields the drive supports checking.
Note. For further details with respect to PI, please refer to SCSI Block Commands - 3 (SBC-3) Draft Stan-
dard documentation.
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11.0
Installation
Constellation ES.1 disk drive installation is a plug-and-play process. There are no jumpers, switches, or termi-
nators on the drive.
SAS drives are designed to be used in a host system that provides a SAS-compatible backplane with bays
designed to accommodate the drive. In such systems, the host system typically provides a carrier or tray into
which you need to mount the drive. Mount the drive to the carrier or tray provided by the host system using four
M3 x 0.5 metric screws. When tightening the screws, use a maximum torque of 4.5 in-lb +/- 0.45 in-lb. Do not
over-tighten or force the screws. You can mount the drive in any orientation.
Note. SAS drives are designed to be attached to the host system without I/O or power cables. If you
intend the use the drive in a non-backplane host system, connecting the drive using high-quality
cables is acceptable as long as the I/O cable length does not exceed 4 meters (13.1 feet).
Slide the carrier or tray into the appropriate bay in your host system using the instructions provided by the host
system. This connects the drive directly to your system’s SAS connector. The SAS connector is normally
located on a SAS backpanel. See Section 12.4.1 for additional information about these connectors.
Power is supplied through the SAS connector.
The drive is shipped from the factory low-level formatted in 512-byte logical blocks. You need to reformat the
drive only if you want to select a different logical block size.
Figure 14. Physical interface
11.1
Drive orientation
The drive may be mounted in any orientation. All drive performance characterizations, however, have been
done with the drive in horizontal (discs level) and vertical (drive on its side) orientations, which are the two pre-
ferred mounting orientations.
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11.2
Cooling
Cabinet cooling must be designed by the customer so that the ambient temperature immediately surrounding
the drive will not exceed temperature conditions specified in Section 7.5.1, "Temperature."
The rack, cabinet, or drawer environment for the drive must provide heat removal from the electronics and
head and disk assembly (HDA). You should confirm that adequate heat removal is provided using the temper-
ature measurement guidelines described in Section 7.5.1.
Forced air flow may be required to keep temperatures at or below the temperatures specified in Section 7.5.1
in which case the drive should be oriented, or air flow directed, so that the least amount of air flow resistance is
created while providing air flow to the electronics and HDA. Also, the shortest possible path between the air
inlet and exit should be chosen to minimize the travel length of air heated by the drive and other heat sources
within the rack, cabinet, or drawer environment.
If forced air is determined to be necessary, possible air-flow patterns are shown in Figure 15. The air-flow pat-
terns are created by one or more fans, either forcing or drawing air as shown in the illustrations. Conduction,
convection, or other forced air-flow patterns are acceptable as long as the temperature measurement guide-
lines of Section 7.5.1 are met.
b
Note.
l
(b
b
(
b
Note.
l
(
Figure 15. Air flow
52
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11.3
Drive mounting
Mount the drive using the bottom or side mounting holes. If you mount the drive using the bottom holes, ensure
that you do not physically distort the drive by attempting to mount it on a stiff, non-flat surface.
The allowable mounting surface stiffness is 80 lb/in (14.0 N/mm). The following equation and paragraph define
the allowable mounting surface stiffness:
K x X = F < 15lb = 67N
where K is the mounting surface stiffness (units in lb/in or N/mm) and X is the out-of-plane surface distortion
(units in inches or millimeters). The out-of-plane distortion (X) is determined by defining a plane with three of
the four mounting points fixed and evaluating the out-of-plane deflection of the fourth mounting point when a
known force (F) is applied to the fourth point.
11.4
Grounding
Signal ground (PCBA) and HDA ground are connected together in the drive and cannot be separated by the
user. The equipment in which the drive is mounted is connected directly to the HDA and PCBA with no electri-
cally isolating shock mounts. If it is desired for the system chassis to not be connected to the HDA/PCBA
ground, the systems integrator or user must provide a nonconductive (electrically isolating) method of mount-
ing the drive in the host equipment.
Increased radiated emissions may result if you do not provide the maximum surface area ground connection
between system ground and drive ground. This is the system designer’s and integrator’s responsibility.
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12.0
Interface requirements
This section partially describes the interface requirements as implemented on Constellation ES.1 drives. Addi-
tional information is provided in the SAS Interface Manual (part number 100293071).
12.1
SAS features
This section lists the SAS-specific features supported by Constellation ES.1 drives.
12.1.1
task management functions
Table 6 lists the SAS task management functions supported.
Table 6:
SAS task management functions supported
Task name
Abort Task
Supported
Yes
Clear ACA
Yes
Clear task set
Abort task set
Yes
Yes
Logical Unit Reset
Query Task
Yes
Yes
12.1.2
task management responses
Table 7 lists the SAS response codes returned for task management functions supported.
Table 7:
Task management response codes
Function name
Function complete
Invalid frame
Response code
00
02
04
05
08
09
Function not supported
Function failed
Function succeeded
Invalid logical unit
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12.2
Dual port support
Constellation ES.1 SAS drives have two independent ports. These ports may be connected in the same or dif-
ferent SCSI domains. Each drive port has a unique SAS address.
The two ports have the capability of independent port clocking (e.g. both ports can run at 6Gb/s or the first port
can run at 6Gb/s while the second port runs at 3Gb/s. The supported link rates are 1.5, 3.0, or 6.0 Gb/s.
Subject to buffer availability, the Constellation ES.1 drives support:
• Concurrent port transfers—The drive supports receiving COMMAND, TASK management transfers on both
ports at the same time.
• Full duplex—The drive supports sending XFER_RDY, DATA and RESPONSE transfers while receiving
frames on both ports.
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12.3
SCSI commands supported
Table 8 lists the SCSI commands supported by Constellation ES.1 drives.
Table 8: Supported commands
Command name
Command code
Supported
Change Definition
40h
39h
18h
3Ah
04h
N
Compare
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
Y
Y
N
Copy
Copy and Verify
Format Unit [1] [5]
DCRT bit supported
DPRY bit supported
DSP bit supported
IMMED bit supported
IP bit supported
SI (Security Initialize) bit supported
STPF bit supported
VS (vendor specific)
Inquiry
12h
Date Code page (C1h)
Device Behavior page (C3h)
Firmware Numbers page (C0h)
Implemented Operating Def page (81h)
Jumper Settings page (C2h)
Supported Vital Product Data page (00h)
Unit Serial Number page (80h)
Lock-unlock cache
Log Select
36h
4Ch
PCR bit
DU bit
DS bit
TSD bit
ETC bit
TMC bit
LP bit
Protocol-specific Log Page for SAS (18h)
Log Sense
4Dh
Application Client Log page (0Fh)
Buffer Over-run/Under-run page (01h)
Cache Statistics page (37h)
Factory Log page (3Eh)
Information Exceptions Log page (2Fh)
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Table 8:
Supported commands
Command name
Command code
Supported
Last n Deferred Errors or Asynchronous Events page (0Bh)
Last n Error Events page (07h)
Non-medium Error page (06h)
Pages Supported list (00h)
Read Error Counter page (03h)
Read Reverse Error Counter page (04h)
Self-test Results page (10h)
Start-stop Cycle Counter page (0Eh)
Temperature page (0Dh)
N
N
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Verify Error Counter page (05h)
Write error counter page (02h)
Mode Select (same pages as Mode Sense 1Ah)
Mode Select (10) (same pages as Mode Sense 1Ah)
Mode Sense
Y
Y
15h
55h
1Ah
Y [2]
Y
Y [2]
Caching Parameters page (08h)
Control Mode page (0Ah)
Y
Y
Disconnect/Reconnect (02h)
Error Recovery page (01h)
Format page (03h)
Y
Y
Y
Information Exceptions Control page (1Ch)
Notch and Partition Page (0Ch)
Protocol-Specific Port page (19h)
Power Condition page (1Ah)
Rigid Disk Drive Geometry page (04h)
Unit Attention page (00h)
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Verify Error Recovery page (07h)
Xor Control page (10h)
Y
N
Mode Sense (10) (same pages as Mode Sense 1Ah)
Persistent Reserve In
5Ah
5Eh
5Fh
34h
08h
28h
Y
Y
Persistent Reserve Out
Y
Prefetch
N
Read (6)
Y
Read (10)
Y
DPO bit supported
Y
FUA bit supported
Y
Read (12)
A8h
N
Read (16)
88h
Y
Read (32)
7Fh/0009h
3Ch
N
Read Buffer (modes 0, 2, 3, Ah and Bh supported)
Y (non-SED drives only)
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Table 8:
Supported commands
Command name
Command code
25h
Supported
Read Capacity (10)
Read Capacity (16)
Read Defect Data (10)
Read Defect Data (12)
Read Long
Y
9Eh/10h
37h
Y
Y
B7h
Y
3Eh
Y (non-SED drives only)
Read Long (16)
9Eh/11h
07h
Y
Reassign Blocks
Y
Receive Diagnostic Results
Supported Diagnostics pages (00h)
Translate page (40h)
Release
1Ch
Y
Y
Y
17h
57h
A0h
03h
Y
Release (10)
Y
Report LUNs
Y
Request Sense
Y
Actual Retry Count bytes
Extended Sense
Y
Y
Field Pointer bytes
Reserve
Y
16h
56h
Y
3rd Party Reserve
Extent Reservation
Reserve (10)
Y
N
Y
3rd Party Reserve
Extent Reservation
Rezero Unit
Y
N
01h
48h
31h
30h
32h
A2h
B5h
0Bh
2Bh
1Dh
Y
Sanitize (CRYPTOGRAPHIC ERASE)
Search Data Equal
Search Data High
Search Data Low
Y (SED drives only)
N
N
N
Security Protocol In
Security Protocol Out
Seek (6)
Y (SED models only)
Y (SED models only)
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Seek (10)
Send Diagnostics
Supported Diagnostics pages (00h)
Translate page (40h)
Set Limits
33h
1Bh
35h
91h
Start Unit/Stop Unit (spindle ceases rotating)
Synchronize Cache
Synchronize Cache (16)
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Table 8:
Supported commands
Command name
Command code
Supported
Test Unit Ready
00h
2Fh
Y
Verify (10)
Y
BYTCHK bit
Y
Verify (12)
AFh
N
Verify (16)
AFh
Y
Verify (32)
7Fh/000Ah
0Ah
N
Write (6)
Y
Write (10)
2Ah
Y
DPO bit
Y
FUA bit
Y
Write (12)
AAh
N
Write (16)
8Ah
Y
Write (32)
7Fh/000Bh
2Eh
N
Write and Verify (10)
Y
DPO bit
Y
Write and Verify (12)
AEh
N
Write and Verify (16)
8Eh
Y
Write and Verify (32)
7Fh/000Ch
3Bh
N
Write Buffer (modes 0, 2, supported)
Y (non-SED drives only)
Write Buffer
3Bh
Firmware Download option (modes 5, 7, Ah and Bh) [3]
Y (non-SED drives only)
Firmware Download option (modes 4, 5, 7)
Y (SED drives only)
Write Long (10)
Write Long (16)
Write Same (10) [5]
PBdata
3Fh
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
9Fh/11h
41h
LBdata
Write Same (16) [5]
Write Same (32)
XDRead
93h
7Fh/000Dh
52h
XDWrite
50h
XPWrite
51h
[1] Constellation ES.1 drives can format to 512, 520 or 528 bytes per logical block.
[2] Warning. Power loss during flash programming can result in firmware corruption. This usually makes the
drive inoperable.
[3] Reference Mode Sense command 1Ah for mode pages supported.
[4] Y = Yes. Command is supported.
N = No. Command is not supported.
A = Support is available on special request.
[5] There is approximately a 1.5 increase in time to format a SED drive versus a non-SED drive of the same
capacity.
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12.3.1
Inquiry data
Table 9 lists the Inquiry command data that the drive should return to the initiator per the format given in the
SAS Interface Manual.
Table 9:
Constellation ES.1 inquiry data
Data (hex)
Bytes
0-15
00
[53
R#
00
00
00
00
00
54
R#
00
00
00
43
xx** 12
8B
30
S#
00
00
00
79
53
74
00
30
S#
00
00
00
72
65
73
30
4E
S#
00
00
00
69
61
20
02
4D
S#
00
00
00
67
67
72
53
30
S#
00
00
00
68
61
65
45
30
S#
00
00
00
74
74
73
41
30
S#
00
00
00
20
65
65
47
31}
S#
00
00
00
28
20
72
41
20
00
00
00
00
63
41
76
54
20
00
00
00
00
29
6C
65
45
20
00
00
00
00
20
6C
64
20
20
00
00
00
00
Vendor ID
Product ID
16-31
32
R#
00
00
00
6F
30
R#
00
00
00
70
20
68
32-47
48-63
64-79
80-95
96-111
112-127
128-143
32* *Copyright
30* 31* 30*
72 69 67
20
20
notice
*
Copyright year (changes with actual year).
SCSI Revision support. See the appropriate SPC release documentation for definitions.
**
PP 10 = Inquiry data for an Inquiry command received on Port A.
30 = Inquiry data for an Inquiry command received on Port B.
R# Four ASCII digits representing the last four digits of the product firmware release number.
S# Eight ASCII digits representing the eight digits of the product serial number.
[ ]
Bytes 16 through 26 reflect model of drive. The table above shows the hex values for Model ST2000NM0001.
Refer to the values below for the values of bytes 16 through 26 of your particular model:
ST2000NM0001
ST2000NM0021
ST2000NM0041
ST1000NM0001
ST1000NM0021
ST1000NM0041
ST500NM0001
ST500NM0021
ST500NM0041
53 54 32 30 30 30 4E 4D 30 30 30 31
53 54 32 30 30 30 4E 4D 30 30 32 31
53 54 32 30 30 30 4E 4D 30 30 34 31
53 54 31 30 30 30 4E 4D 30 30 30 31
53 54 31 30 30 30 4E 4D 30 30 32 31
53 54 31 30 30 30 4E 4D 30 30 34 31
53 54 35 30 30 4E 4D 30 30 30 31
53 54 35 35 30 4E 4D 30 30 32 31
53 54 35 35 30 4E 4D 30 30 34 31
12.3.2
Mode Sense data
The Mode Sense command provides a way for the drive to report its operating parameters to the initiator. The
drive maintains four sets of mode parameters:
1. Default values
Default values are hard-coded in the drive firmware stored in flash E-PROM (nonvolatile memory) on the
drive’s PCB. These default values can be changed only by downloading a complete set of new firmware
into the flash E-PROM. An initiator can request and receive from the drive a list of default values and use
those in a Mode Select command to set up new current and saved values, where the values are change-
able.
2. Saved values
60
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Saved values are stored on the drive’s media using a Mode Select command. Only parameter values that
are allowed to be changed can be changed by this method. Parameters in the saved values list that are not
changeable by the Mode Select command get their values from default values storage.
When power is applied to the drive, it takes saved values from the media and stores them as current val-
ues in volatile memory. It is not possible to change the current values (or the saved values) with a Mode
Select command before the drive achieves operating speed and is “ready.” An attempt to do so results in a
“Check Condition” status.
On drives requiring unique saved values, the required unique saved values are stored into the saved val-
ues storage location on the media prior to shipping the drive. Some drives may have unique firmware with
unique default values also.
On standard OEM drives, the saved values are taken from the default values list and stored into the saved
values storage location on the media prior to shipping.
3. Current values
Current values are volatile values being used by the drive to control its operation. A Mode Select command
can be used to change the values identified as changeable values. Originally, current values are installed
from saved or default values after a power on reset, hard reset, or Bus Device Reset message.
4. Changeable values
Changeable values form a bit mask, stored in nonvolatile memory, that dictates which of the current values
and saved values can be changed by a Mode Select command. A one (1) indicates the value can be
changed. A zero (0) indicates the value is not changeable. For example, in Table 10, refer to Mode page
81, in the row entitled “CHG.” These are hex numbers representing the changeable values for Mode page
81. Note in columns 5 and 6 (bytes 04 and 05), there is 00h which indicates that in bytes 04 and 05 none of
the bits are changeable. Note also that bytes 06, 07, 09, 10, and 11 are not changeable, because those
fields are all zeros. In byte 02, hex value FF equates to the binary pattern 11111111. If there is a zero in any
bit position in the field, it means that bit is not changeable. Since all of the bits in byte 02 are ones, all of
these bits are changeable.
The changeable values list can only be changed by downloading new firmware into the flash E-PROM.
Note. Because there are often several different versions of drive control firmware in the total population of
drives in the field, the Mode Sense values given in the following tables may not exactly match those
of some drives.
The following tables list the values of the data bytes returned by the drive in response to the Mode Sense com-
mand pages for SCSI implementation (see the SAS Interface Manual).
DEF = Default value. Standard OEM drives are shipped configured this way.
CHG = Changeable bits; indicates if default value is changeable.
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Table 10: Mode Sense data changeable and default values for 2TB drives
MODE DATA HEADER:
01 92 00 10 00 00 00 08
BLOCK DESCRIPTOR:
e8 e0 88 b0 00 00 02 00
MODE PAGES:
DEF 81 0a c0 0b ff 00 00 00 05 00 ff ff
CHG 81 0a ff ff 00 00 00 00 ff 00 ff ff
DEF 82 0e 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 3a 00 00 00 00
CHG 82 0e 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff ff 00 00 00 00
DEF 83 16 bb d0 00 00 00 00 03 80 04 c4 02 00 00 01 00 9c 00 26 40 00 00 00
CHG 83 16 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 84 16 03 cc a8 08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1c 22 00 00
CHG 84 16 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 87 0a 00 0b ff 00 00 00 00 00 ff ff
CHG 87 0a 0f ff 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff ff
DEF 88 12 14 00 ff ff 00 00 ff ff ff ff 80 20 00 00 00 00 00 00
CHG 88 12 a5 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff 00 00 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 8a 0a 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 48 44
CHG 8a 0a 03 f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 18 06 06 00 00 00 00 00
CHG 18 06 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 99 0e 06 00 07 d0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
CHG 99 0e 10 00 ff ff ff ff 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 9a 26 00 00 00 00 00 0a 00 00 8c a0 00 00 17 70 00 00 46 50 00 00 46 50 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
CHG 9a 26 01 0f ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 9c 0a 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01
CHG 9c 0a 9d 0f ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
DEF 80 06 00 80 0f 00 00 00
CHG 80 06 b7 c0 8f 00 00 00
62
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Table 11: Mode Sense data changeable and default values for 1TB drives
MODE DATA HEADER:
01 92 00 10 00 00 00 08
BLOCK DESCRIPTOR:
74 70 6d b0 00 00 02 00
MODE PAGES:
DEF 81 0a c0 0b ff 00 00 00 05 00 ff ff
CHG 81 0a ff ff 00 00 00 00 ff 00 ff ff
DEF 82 0e 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 3a 00 00 00 00
CHG 82 0e 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff ff 00 00 00 00
DEF 83 16 bb d0 00 00 00 00 03 80 04 c4 02 00 00 01 00 7e 00 26 40 00 00 00
CHG 83 16 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 84 16 03 cc a8 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1c 22 00 00
CHG 84 16 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 87 0a 00 0b ff 00 00 00 00 00 ff ff
CHG 87 0a 0f ff 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff ff
DEF 88 12 14 00 ff ff 00 00 ff ff ff ff 80 20 00 00 00 00 00 00
CHG 88 12 a5 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff 00 00 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 8a 0a 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 2b 5c
CHG 8a 0a 03 f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 18 06 06 00 00 00 00 00
CHG 18 06 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 99 0e 06 00 07 d0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
CHG 99 0e 10 00 ff ff ff ff 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 9a 26 00 00 00 00 00 0a 00 00 8c a0 00 00 17 70 00 00 46 50 00 00 46 50 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
CHG 9a 26 01 0f ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 9c 0a 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01
CHG 9c 0a 9d 0f ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
DEF 80 06 00 80 0f 00 00 00
CHG 80 06 b7 c0 8f 00 00 00
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Table 12: Mode Sense data changeable and default values for 500GB drives
MODE DATA HEADER:
01 92 00 10 00 00 00 08
BLOCK DESCRIPTOR:
3a 38 60 30 00 00 02 00
MODE PAGES:
DEF 81 0a c0 0b ff 00 00 00 05 00 ff ff
CHG 81 0a ff ff 00 00 00 00 ff 00 ff ff
DEF 82 0e 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 3a 00 00 00 00
CHG 82 0e 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff ff 00 00 00 00
DEF 83 16 bb d0 00 00 00 00 03 80 04 c4 02 00 00 01 00 7e 00 26 40 00 00 00
CHG 83 16 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 84 16 03 cc a8 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1c 22 00 00
CHG 84 16 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 87 0a 00 0b ff 00 00 00 00 00 ff ff
CHG 87 0a 0f ff 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff ff
DEF 88 12 14 00 ff ff 00 00 ff ff ff ff 80 20 00 00 00 00 00 00
CHG 88 12 a5 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff 00 00 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 8a 0a 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 7f ff
CHG 8a 0a 03 f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 18 06 06 00 00 00 00 00
CHG 18 06 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 99 0e 06 00 07 d0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
CHG 99 0e 10 00 ff ff ff ff 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 9a 26 00 00 00 00 00 0a 00 00 8c a0 00 00 17 70 00 00 46 50 00 00 46 50 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
CHG 9a 26 01 0f ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
DEF 9c 0a 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01
CHG 9c 0a 9d 0f ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
DEF 80 06 00 80 0f 00 00 00
CHG 80 06 b7 c0 8f 00 00 00
64
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12.4
Miscellaneous operating features and conditions
Table 13 lists various features and conditions. A “Y” in the support column indicates the feature or condition is
supported. An “N” in the support column indicates the feature or condition is not supported.
Table 13: Miscellaneous features
Supported
Feature or condition
N
N
N
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Automatic contingent allegiance
Asynchronous event notification
Synchronized (locked) spindle operation
Segmented caching
Zero latency read
Queue tagging (up to 64 queue tags supported)
Deferred error handling
Parameter rounding (controlled by Round bit in Mode Select page 0)
Reporting actual retry count in Extended Sense bytes 15, 16, and 17
Adaptive caching
SMP = 1 in Mode Select command needed to save RPL and rotational offset bytes
Table 14: Miscellaneous status
Supported
Status
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Good
Check condition
Condition met/good
Busy
Intermediate/good
Intermediate/condition met/good
Reservation conflict
Task set full
ACA active
ACA active, faulted initiator
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12.4.1
SAS physical interface
Figure 16 shows the location of the SAS device connector J1. Figures 17 and 18 provide the dimensions of the
SAS connector.
Details of the physical, electrical, and logical characteristics are provided within this section. The operational
aspects of Seagate’s SAS drives are provided in the SAS Interface Manual.
Figure 16. Physical interface
66
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0.80 (6X)
5.92
7.62
4.65
0.52 0.08 x 45
2.00 (3X)
0.45 0.03 (7X)
0.10 M E
5.08
42.73 REF.
41.13 0.15
0.20B
0.30 0.05 (2X)
C
A
B
1.10
4.00 0.08
0.15D
C OF DATUM D
L
R0.30 0.08 (4X)
A
0.30 0.05 (4X)
B
C
SEE Detail1
B
33.43 0.05
15.875
15.875
1.27 (14X)
1.27 (6X)
0.84 0.05 (22X)
5.08
0.15B
4.90 0.08
0.35MIN
P15
S1
P1
S7
C OF DATUM B
L
Figure 17. SAS device plug dimensions
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Detail A
6.10
S14
S8
0.30 0.05 x 45 (5X)
2.25 0.05
0.40 0.05 X 45 (3X)
4.85 0.05
0.10B
CORING ALLOWED
IN THIS AREA.
E
4.40 0.15
R0.30 0.08
45
C
SEE Detail 2
1.95 0.08
A
0.35 0.05
SECTION C - C
3.90 0.15
SECTION A - A
CONTACT SURFACE FLUSH
TO DATUM A 0.03
0.08 0.05
65
1.90 0.08
1.23 0.05
0.08 0.05
30
Detail 2
2.40 0.08
0.10 A
SECTION B - B
D
Figure 18. SAS device plug dimensions (detail)
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12.4.2
Physical characteristics
This section defines physical interface connector.
12.4.3
Connector requirements
Contact your preferred connector manufacturer for mating part information. Part numbers for SAS connectors
will be provided in a future revision of this publication when production parts are available from major connec-
tor manufacturers.
The SAS device connector is illustrated in Figures 17 and 18.
12.4.4
Electrical description
SAS drives use the device connector for:
• DC power
• SAS interface
• Activity LED
This connector is designed to either plug directly into a backpanel or accept cables.
12.4.5
Pin descriptions
This section provides a pin-out of the SAS device and a description of the functions provided by the pins.
Table 15: SAS pin descriptions
Pin
S1
Signal name
Port A Ground
+Port A_in
Signal type
Pin
P1*
P2*
P3
Signal name
NC (reserved 3.3Volts)
NC (reserved 3.3Volts)
NC (reserved 3.3Volts)
Ground
Signal type
S2*
S3*
S4
Diff. input pair
-Port A_in
Port A Ground
-Port A_out
+Port A_out
Port A Ground
Port B Ground
+Port B_in
P4
S5*
S6*
S7
Diff output pair
P5
Ground
P6
Ground
P7
5 Volts charge
5 Volts
S8
P8*
P9*
P10
P11*
P12
P13
P14*
P15*
S9*
S10*
S11
S12*
S13*
S14
Diff. input pair
Diff output pair
5 Volts
-Port B_in
Ground
Port A Ground
-Port B_out
+Port B_out
Port B Ground
Ready LED
Ground
Open collector out
12 Volts charge
12 Volts
12 Volts
* - Short pin to support hot plugging
NC - No connection in the drive.
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12.4.6
SAS transmitters and receivers
A typical SAS differential copper transmitter and receiver pair is shown in Figure 19. The receiver is AC cou-
pling to eliminate ground shift noise.
01
TX
T
X
l
T
T
M
100
100
01
Figure 19. SAS transmitters and receivers
12.4.7
Power
The drive receives power (+5 volts and +12 volts) through the SAS device connector.
Three +12 volt pins provide power to the drive, 2 short and 1 long. The current return for the +12 volt power
supply is through the common ground pins. The supply current and return current must be distributed as
evenly as possible among the pins.
Three +5 volt pins provide power to the drive, 2 short and 1 long. The current return for the +5 volt power sup-
ply is through the common ground pins. The supply current and return current must be distributed as evenly as
possible among the pins.
Current to the drive through the long power pins may be limited by the system to reduce inrush current to the
drive during hot plugging.
12.5
Signal characteristics
This section describes the electrical signal characteristics of the drive’s input and output signals. See Table 15
for signal type and signal name information.
12.5.1
Ready LED Out
The Ready LED Out signal is driven by the drive as indicated in Table 16.
Table 16: Ready LED Out conditions
Normal command activity
LED status
0
1
Ready LED Meaning bit mode page 19h
Spun down and no activity
Off
On
On
Off
Off
On
Off
On
Spun down and activity (command executing)
Spun up and no activity
Spun up and activity (command executing)
Spinning up or down
Blinks steadily
(50% on and 50% off, 0.5 seconds on and off for 0.5 seconds)
Format in progress, each cylinder change
Toggles on/off
70
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The Ready LED Out signal is designed to pull down the cathode of an LED. The anode is attached to the
proper +3.3 volt supply through an appropriate current limiting resistor. The LED and the current limiting resis-
tor are external to the drive. See Table 17 for the output characteristics of the LED drive signals.
Table 17: LED drive signal
State
Test condition
Output voltage
LED off, high
LED on, low
0 V ≤ VOH ≤ 3.6 V
-100 μA < I < 100 μA
OH
I
= 15 mA
0 ≤ VOL ≤ 0.225 V
OL
12.5.2
Differential signals
The drive SAS differential signals comply with the intra-enclosure (internal connector) requirements of the SAS
standard.
Table 18 defines the general interface characteristics.
Table 18: General interface characteristics
Characteristic
Units
Mbaud
ps
1.5Gb/s
1,500
666.6
100
3.0Gb/s
3,000
333.3
100
6.0Gb/s
6,000
166.6
100
Bit rate (nominal)
Unit interval (UI)(nominal)
Impedance (nominal, differential )
Transmitter transients, maximum
Receiver transients, maximum
ohm
V
1.2
1.2
1.2
V
1.2
1.2
1.2
12.6
SAS-2 Specification Compliance
Seagate SAS-2 drives are entirely compatible with the latest SAS-2 Specification (T10/1760-D) Revision 16.
The most important characteristic of the SAS-2 drive at 6Gb/s is that the receiver is capable of adapting the
equalizer to optimize the receive margins. The SAS-2 drive has two types of equalizers:
1. A Decision Feedback Equalizer (DFE) which utilizes the standard SAS-2 training pattern transmitted dur-
ing the SNW-3 training gap. The DFE circuit can derive an optimal equalization characteristic to compen-
sate for many of the receive losses in the system.
2. A Feed Forward Equalizer (FFE) optimized to provide balanced receive margins over a range of channels
bounded by the best and worst case channels as defined by the relevant ANSI standard.
12.7
Additional information
Please contact your Seagate representative for SAS electrical details, if required.
For more information about the Phy, Link, Transport, and Applications layers of the SAS interface, refer to the
Seagate SAS Interface Manual, part number 100293071.
For more information about the SCSI commands used by Seagate SAS drives, refer to the Seagate SCSI
Commands Reference Manual, part number 100293068.
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C
Index
cache operation 12
cache segments 12
caching write data 13
Canadian Department of Communications 3
capacity
Numerics
12 volt
pins 70
5 volt pins 70
6 Gbps 71
unformatted 10
CBC 43
CE Marking 4
check condition status 65
China RoHS directive 5
Cipher Block Chaining 43
class B limit 3
clear ACA function 54
clear task set function 54
commands supported 56
condensation 36
condition met/good status 65
connector
illustrated 69
requirements 69
continuous vibration 39
cooling 52
CRC
A
abort task set function 54
AC coupling 70
AC power requirements 22
ACA active status 65
ACA active, faulted initiator status 65
acoustics 39
active LED Out signal 70
actuator 9
assembly design 7
adaptive caching 65
Admin SP 43
AES-128 data encryption 43
air cleanliness 39
air flow 52
error 15
Cryptographic erase 44
C-Tick 4
Current profiles 27
customer service 20
illustrated 52
air inlet 52
altitude 37
ambient 36
ambient temperature 52
ANSI documents
D
SCSI 6
Serial Attached SCSI 6
asynchronous event notification 65
audible noise 3
DAR 48
Data Bands 44
data bands 43
Australian C-Tick 4
auto write and read reallocation
programmable 8
automatic contingent allegiance 65
average idle current 23, 24, 25
average rotational latency 10
data block size
modifing the 9
data buffer to/from disk media 11
Data encryption 43
Data Encryption Key 43
data heads
read/write 10
data rate
B
internal 10
data transfer rate 11
DC power 69
requirements 22
Decision Feedback Equalizer 71
decrypt 43
default MSID password 44
defect and error management 46
defects 46
Background Media Scan 48
backpanel 69
Band 0 44
BandMasterX 43
BMS 48
BSMI 4
buffer
data 8
space 12
Deferred Auto-Reallocation 48
deferred error handling 65
DEK 43
busy status 65
bytes per surface 10
bytes per track 10
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description 7
reject, code 04 54
DFE 71
dimensions 40
disk rotation speed 10
drive 39
drive characteristics 10
Drive Locking 44
drive mounting 40, 53
drive select 69
G
Global Data Band 44
Good status 65
gradient 36
ground shift noise 70
grounding 53
dual port support 55
H
HDA 52, 53
E
head and disk assembly (HDA) 7
head and disk assembly. See HDA
heads
electrical
description of connector 69
signal characteristics 70
specifications 21
read/write data 10
heat removal 52
heat source 52
host equipment 53
hot plugging the drive 15
humidity 36
electromagnetic compatibility 3
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) 4
Electromagnetic Compatibility control Regulation 4
Electromagnetic compliance for the European Union
4
electromagnetic susceptibility 39
EMI requirements 3
encryption engine 43
encryption key 44
humidity limits 36
I
Identifying a PI drive 50
Idle Read After Write 49
Idle1 21
environment 52
environmental
limits 36
Idle2 21
requirements 14
Idle3 21
environmental control 39
EraseMaster 43
inquiry data 60
installation 51
error
guide 6
management 46
interface
rates 14
errors 46
commands supported 56
error rate 14
European Union 4
errors 15
illustrated 66
physical 66
requirements 54
interleave
F
FCC rules and regulations 3
features 8
minimum 11
interface 54
intermediate/condition met/good status 65
intermediate/good status 65
internal data rate 10
internal defects/errors 46
internal drive characteristics 10
IRAW 49
Federal Information Processing Standard 41
feed forward equalizer 71
FFE 71
FIPS 41
firmware 8
corruption 59
firmware download port 44
flawed sector reallocation 8
Format command execution time 11
front panel 40
J
jumpers 51
function
K
KCC 4
complete, code 00 54
not supported, code 05 54
Korean Communications Commission 4
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Korean KCC 4
N
noise
audible 3
noise immunity 26
L
latency
average rotational 10, 11
Locking SP 43
non-operating 36, 37, 39
temperature 36
LockOnReset 44
non-operating vibration 39
logical block address 12
logical block reallocation scheme 8
logical block size 8, 11
logical segments 12
O
office environment 39
operating 36, 37, 38
option selection 69
options 9
M
maintenance 14
out-of-plane distortion 53
Makers Secure ID 43
maximum delayed motor start 23, 24, 25
maximum start current 23, 24, 25
mean time between failure. See MTBF
media description 8
P
package size 37
packaged 37
parameter rounding 65
password 43, 44
passwords 43
Media Pre-Scan 48
minimum sector interleave 11
miscellaneous feature support
Adaptive caching 65
PCBA 53
peak bits per inch 10
peak operating current 23, 24, 25
peak-to-peak measurements 26
performance characteristics
detailed 10
Asynchronous event notification 65
Automatic contingent allegiance 65
Deferred error handling 65
Parameter rounding 65
Queue tagging 65
Reporting actual retry count 65
Segmented caching 65
SMP = 1 in Mode Select command 65
Synchronized (locked) spindle operation 65
Zero latency read 65
general 11
performance degradation 37
performance highlights 8
physical damage 39
physical interface 66
physical specifications 21
PI level - Type 0 49
PI level - Type I 49
PI level - Type II 49
PI level - Type III 49
PI Levels 49
miscellaneous status support
ACA active 65
ACA active, faulted initiator 65
Busy 65
Check condition 65
Condition met/good 65
Good 65
Intermediate/condition met/good 65
Intermediate/good 65
pin descriptions 69
power 70
dissipation 30
requirements, AC 22
requirements, DC 22
sequencing 26
Reservation conflict 65
Task set full 65
miscorrected media data 14
Mode sense
data, table 60, 62, 63, 64
mounting 53
Power Condition mode page 21
power distribution 3
power management 21
PowerChoice 21
PowerChoice reports 22
PowerCycle 44
prefetch/multi-segmented cache control 12
preventive maintenance 14
protection of data at rest 43
holes 53
orientations 51
mounting configuration 40
mounting configuration dimensions 40
MSID 43, 44
MTBF 14, 15
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9, 16
Q
Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) Interface Manual 2
shielding 3
queue tagging 65
shipping 20
shipping container 36
shock 37
and vibration 37
shock mount 53
R
radio interference regulations 3
Random number generator 44
RCD bit 12
SID 43
signal
read error rates 14, 46
read/write data heads 10
receivers 70
recommended mounting 38
Recoverable Errors 14
recovered media data 14
reference
characteristics 70
single-unit shipping pack kit 9
SMART 9, 16
SMP = 1 in Mode Select command 65
SNW-3 training gap 71
standards 3
documents 6
Standby1 21
Standby2 21
relative humidity 36
reliability 9
START STOP UNIT command 21
start/stop time 11
support services 1
surface stiffness
allowable for non-flat surface 53
switches 51
specifications 14
reliability and service 15
repair and return information 20
reporting actual retry count 65
reservation conflict status 65
resonance 37
synchronized spindle
operation 65
return information 20
RNG 44
system chassis 53
RoHS 5
rotation speed 10
T
S
Taiwanese BSMI 4
task management functions 54
Abort task set 54
safety 3
SAS
Clear ACA 54
interface 69
Clear task set 54
terminate task 54
physical interface 66
task management functions 54
SAS documents 6
SAS Interface Manual 3, 6
SAS-2 specification compliance 71
SCSI interface
task management response codes 54
Function complete 00 54
Function not supported 05 54
Function reject 04 54
task set full status 65
TCG 43
commands supported 56
Secure ID 43
technical support services 1
temperature 36, 52
limits 36
security partitions 43
Security Protocol In 43
Security Protocol Out 43
seek error
non-operating 36
regulation 3
defined 15
See also cooling
rate 14
terminate task function 54
terminators 51
seek performance characteristics 10
seek time
tracks per inch 10
tracks per surface 10
transmitters 70
transporting the drive 20
Trusted Computing Group 43
Type 1 PI format 49
average typical 10
full stroke typical 10
single track typical 10
segmented caching 65
self-encrypting drives 43
Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology
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Type 2 PI format 49
U
unformatted 9
Unrecoverable Errors 14
unrecovered media data 14
V
vibration 37, 38, 39
W
warranty 20
Z
zero latency read 65
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Constellation ES.1 SAS Product Manual, Rev. E
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Seagate Technology LLC
AMERICAS Seagate Technology LLC 10200 South De Anza Boulevard, Cupertino, California 95014, United States, 408-658-1000
ASIA/PACIFIC Seagate Singapore International Headquarters Pte. Ltd. 7000 Ang Mo Kio Avenue 5, Singapore 569877, 65-6485-3888
EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA Seagate Technology SAS 16-18 rue du Dôme, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France, 33 1-4186 10 00
Publication Number: 100650925, Rev. E
March 2012
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