4411-0070
Version 2.A
September 6, 2001
ꢀꢁꢁꢂꢂꢃꢄꢄꢅꢄꢀ
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Table of Contents
Introduction.......................................................................................................... 7
Manual Overview................................................................................................................7
Safety Related Symbols Used In This Manual ...................................................................7
Chapter 1 General Information........................................................................... 9
Description..........................................................................................................................9
Design .................................................................................................................................9
Chapter 2 Detector Setup.................................................................................. 11
General Instructions..........................................................................................................11
Connecting the Detector.............................................................................................11
Controller Internal Switches.......................................................................................11
Gain Control ...............................................................................................................11
Spectroscopy Setup...........................................................................................................12
Spectrograph Theory ..................................................................................................12
Array Orientation........................................................................................................12
Deep Focal Plane Spectrographs................................................................................13
Shallow Focal Plane ...................................................................................................13
Entrance Slit Shutter...................................................................................................14
Overexposure Protection ............................................................................................15
Imaging..............................................................................................................................15
Nikon (F-mount) Bayonet...........................................................................................15
C-mount......................................................................................................................16
Overexposure Protection ............................................................................................16
Chapter 3 Cooling the Detector........................................................................ 17
Introduction.......................................................................................................................17
Setting the Temperature....................................................................................................17
ST-133 Controller.......................................................................................................17
ST-138 Controller.......................................................................................................17
Cooling Troubleshooting ..................................................................................................18
Detector doesn’t achieve temperature lock ................................................................18
Cooling and vacuum level ..........................................................................................18
Detector loses temperature lock .................................................................................19
Chapter 4 Focusing ........................................................................................... 21
Introduction.......................................................................................................................21
Focusing and Alignment in Spectroscopy.........................................................................21
Focusing in Imaging Applications ....................................................................................22
Lens Performance Considerations..............................................................................22
Imaging Field of View................................................................................................24
F-Mount Adapter Focusing Procedure .......................................................................24
Lens Focusing Procedure ...........................................................................................25
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NTE/CCD Detector Manual
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Chapter 5 Microscopy Applications................................................................. 27
Introduction.......................................................................................................................27
Mounting the Detector on the Microscope .......................................................................28
C-Mount............................................................................................................................28
F-Mount.............................................................................................................................28
Adjusting the Parfocality of the Detector .........................................................................29
Chapter 6 Operation .......................................................................................... 33
Introduction.......................................................................................................................33
High Humidity ..................................................................................................................33
UV Effect on Scintillator ..................................................................................................33
Baseline Signal..................................................................................................................33
Shutter...............................................................................................................................34
Spectroscopy...............................................................................................................34
Imaging.......................................................................................................................34
35 mm Shutter ............................................................................................................34
Shutter Life.................................................................................................................35
Shutter Overheating....................................................................................................36
Chapter 7 Cleaning............................................................................................ 37
Controller and Camera......................................................................................................37
Optical Surfaces................................................................................................................37
Appendix A Specifications................................................................................ 39
Controller Requirement.....................................................................................................39
CCD Arrays.......................................................................................................................39
General..............................................................................................................................39
Focal Depth (optical)..................................................................................................39
Environmental ............................................................................................................39
Temperature Stability.................................................................................................39
Power..........................................................................................................................40
Cooling .......................................................................................................................40
Appendix B Outline Drawings .......................................................................... 41
Declaration of Conformity................................................................................. 45
Warranty & Service ............................................................................................47
Limited Warranty: Roper Scientific Analytical Instrumentation...................................... 47
Basic Limited One (1) Year Warranty ....................................................................... 47
Limited One (1) Year Warranty on Refurbished or Discontinued Products .............. 47
Shutter Limited One Year Warranty .......................................................................... 47
VersArray (XP) Vacuum Chamber Limited Lifetime Warranty................................ 48
Sealed Chamber Integrity Limited 24 Month Warranty............................................. 48
Vacuum Integrity Limited 24 Month Warranty ......................................................... 48
Image Intensifier Detector Limited One Year Warranty............................................ 48
X-Ray Detector Limited One Year Warranty ............................................................ 48
Software Limited Warranty........................................................................................ 49
Owner's Manual and Troubleshooting ....................................................................... 49
Your Responsibility.................................................................................................... 49
Contact Information.......................................................................................................... 50
Index....................................................................................................................51
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Table of Contents
v
Figures
Figure 1. NTE/CCD Detectors and Cameras....................................................................9
Figure 2. NTE Detector Rear Panel .................................................................................11
Figure 3. Annotated Spectrograph Drawing ....................................................................12
Figure 4. Adapter for a Deep Focal Plane Spectrograph......................................................13
Figure 5. Shallow Focal Plane Spectrograph Mounting Hardware .................................14
Figure 6. One Type of Entrance Slit Shutter Mount........................................................14
Figure 7. Entrance Slit Shutter for Acton Spectrographs ................................................15
Figure 8. Nikon Lens Adapter..........................................................................................16
Figure 9. ST-138 Temperature Knob...............................................................................17
Figure 10. Imaging Field of View....................................................................................24
Figure 11. Diagnostic Instruments Bottom Clamps for Different Microscopes..............30
Figure 12. Bottom Clamp Secured to Relay Lens............................................................30
Figure 13. Coverage on 1300×1340 Array for F-mount Design......................................34
Figure 14. Back Panel of ST-133 with 70 V Shutter Drive Option.................................35
Figure 15. Spectrometer Mount: Side View ....................................................................41
Figure 16. Spectrometer Mount: Front and Back View...................................................41
Figure 17. F-Mount: Side View.......................................................................................42
Figure 18. F-Mount: Front and Back View......................................................................42
Figure 19. C- Mount: Side View......................................................................................43
Figure 20. C-Mount: Front and Back View .....................................................................43
Figure 21. Fiber Optic Coupled: Side and Bottom Views...............................................44
Figure 22. Fiber-Optic Coupled: Front and Back View...................................................44
Tables
Table 1. Bottom Clamps for Different Microscopes .......................................................29
Table 2. ST-133 Shutter Drive Selection.........................................................................35
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NTE/CCD Detector Manual
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Introduction
Manual Overview
This manual provides the user with all the information needed to install a NTE/CCD
Detector and place it in operation. Topics covered include a detailed description of the
NTE Detector, installation, microscopy applications, cleaning, specifications and more.
Chapter 1, General Information provides an overview of the NTE/CCD
Detector.
Chapter 2, Detector Setup provides detailed directions connecting the detector,
installing it for spectroscopy or imaging, and over-exposure protection
considerations.
Chapter 3, Cooling the Detector discusses how to establish and maintain
temperature control with a ST-133 or ST-138 Controller. Also provides
information on the effects of long-term vacuum degradation on cooling
capability and temperature control.
Chapter 4, Focusing discusses how to focus the detector in both spectroscopy
and imaging applications.
Chapter 5, Microscopy Applications discusses how to mount the NTE/CCD
Detector to a microscope. Includes discussion of various adapters, focusing
considerations and sensitivity to damage from EMF spikes generated by Xenon
or Hg arc lamps.
Chapter 6, Operation discusses a number of topics, including effects of high
humidity, UV effects on the scintillator coating, baseline signal and noise.
Chapter 7, Cleaning contains directions for cleaning the detector’s housing and
optics.
Appendix A, Specifications includes detector specifications.
Appendix B, Outline Drawings includes outline drawings of Spectrograph
mount, C-mount, F-mount, and fiber-optic coupled detectors.
Safety Related Symbols Used In This Manual
Caution! Risk of electric shock! The use of this symbol on
equipment indicates that one or more nearby items pose an electric
shock hazard and should be regarded as potentially dangerous. This
same symbol appears in the manual adjacent to the text that discusses
the hardware item(s) in question.
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NTE/CCD Detector Manual
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Chapter 1
General Information
Figure 1. NTE/CCD Detectors and Cameras
Description
The NTE/CCD air-cooled detector or camera is ideally suited for medium light level
applications. State-of-the-art CCD arrays are available for the NTE/CCD that enable
outstanding performance in a wide range of applications for spectroscopy, biological
imaging, and physical science investigations.
Design
NTE/CCD detectors have three distinct sections. The front vacuum enclosure contains
the CCD array seated on a cold finger. This finger is in turn seated on a four-stage Peltier
thermoelectric cooler. The back enclosure contains the heat exchanger. An internal fan
cools the heat exchanger and the waste heat exits the unit through openings in the
detector housing.
The electronics enclosure contains the preamplifier and array driver board. This keeps all
signal leads to the preamplifier as short as possible, and also provides RF shielding.
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NTE/CCD Detector Manual
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The NTE/CCD detector is available in both C-mount and F-mount configurations. See
Chapter 5 for detailed information on microscopy.
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Chapter 2
Detector Setup
This chapter covers the setup procedures for both imaging and spectroscopic
applications.
General Instructions
The following items are applicable to both imaging and spectroscopic systems.
Connecting the Detector
Each detector is supplied with a cable to connect to the controller. Make sure that the
controller is off, and then connect the larger end of the cable to the port marked
Detector on the controller. The detector end of the cable is secured by a slide-lock
latch. The controller end of the cable, depending on the model of controller, is secured
by a slide-lock latch or by screws. Tighten the screws in place.
Controller Internal Switches
Any user who will be running both NTE/CCDs and LN/CCDs with an ST-138 controller
must ensure that the internal power supply switches inside the controller are set properly.
Consult the controller manual for instructions on setting these switches. In the case of the
ST-133 Controller there are no internal switches.
Note: If the system includes an ST-138 that was ordered with the NTE/CCD, the
internal switches will be properly set. These switches are only a consideration if an
already available controller is to be used with both NTE and LN detectors.
Gain Control
A gain control switch is provided on most
NTE/CCD detectors. This allows the user
WARNING: DO NOT OPERATE UNIT
WITHOUT PROTECTIVE COVERS.
to select one of three settings, LO, MED
CONTROLLER
and HI, which change the detector gain to
0.5×, 1× and 2×. This switch is active
when the detector is being controlled by an
GAIN
Gain Control Switch
H
ST-138. If an ST-133 controller is being
used, the switch is deactivated and gain
M
L
control is accessed in the software.
The gain of the detector should generally be
set so that the overall noise is ~1 count RMS.
SHUTTER
In most instances this will occur with the
switch set to MED. If the array is a 1340 ×
100 or 1340 × 400 configured with the low-
noise output, LO will probably be a more
Figure 2. NTE Detector Rear Panel
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NTE/CCD Detector Manual
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suitable Gain setting. In situations where the A/D range exceeds that of the array, it will
generally be better to set the Gain to HI so that the signal can be spread over as much of
the A/D range as possible. This is a particularly important consideration in absorbance
measurements. Users who consistently measure low-level signals may wish to select HI,
which reduces some sources of noise. Users who measure high-level signals may wish to
select LO to allow digitization of larger signals. Customized values of gain can be
provided. Contact the factory for additional information.
Spectroscopy Setup
This section describes how to set up the detector for spectroscopy applications.
Instructions for imaging applications appear later in this chapter. Microscopy
applications are discussed in Chapter 5.
Spectrograph Theory
Collimating Mirror
In a typical spectrograph, light enters the
Focusing Mirror
entrance slit and is collected by a
collimating mirror. Essentially, what a
spectrograph does is to form an image of
the entrance slit in the exit focal plane with
each position in the plane representing a
different wavelength. Collimated light
strikes the grating and is dispersed into
individual wavelengths (colors). Each
Triple
Grating
Turret
wavelength leaves the grating at a different
angle and is reimaged by a focusing mirror
onto a CCD detector at the exit focal plane.
As each wavelength images at a different
CCD Port
horizontal position, the spectrum of the
CCD Focal Plane
Entrance
Slit
input light is spread across the CCD.
Individual wavelengths focused at different
horizontal positions along the exit port of
the spectrograph are detected
Figure 3. Annotated Spectrograph Drawing
simultaneously. Rotating the diffraction
grating scans wavelengths across the CCD,
allowing the intensity at individual
wavelengths to be easily measured.
Array Orientation
For spectroscopy, the detector should be mounted so that the short axis of the CCD is
parallel to the entrance slit. The long axis will therefore correspond to the wavelength
axis of the spectrum. Because the NTE/CCD Detector is ordinarily not internally
shuttered in spectroscopy applications, the orientation of the CCD can be readily
determined by visual inspection of the faceplate. The faceplate cutout closely
corresponds to the dimensions of the underlying CCD array, which will itself be visible
through the window.
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Chapter 2
Detector Setup
13
Square-format CCDs can also be used for spectroscopy, although they are more often
used in imaging applications. For square format CCDs (e.g. 512 × 512 or 1300 × 1340),
the user may orient the CCD to achieve binning along either direction of the CCD.
Binning along the rows (perpendicular mode) minimizes cross-talk and is therefore better
for multi-spectral applications. The drawback to this method is that scanning is slower
and noise may increase somewhat.
Binning along columns (parallel mode) provides maximum scan rate and lowest noise.
NTE/CCD users can easily switch between these orientations by simply rotating the
detector 90°.
Deep Focal Plane Spectrographs
Spectrographs with the focal plane
25 mm or more beyond the exit
interface are called deep focal
plane spectrographs. Such
spectrographs include Acton
Set screw
(adapters are available for all
Acton models), ISA HR320, ISA
HR640, Chromex 250IS, and most
instruments that are 1 meter or
longer. (If you are not sure of the
depth of the exit focal plane,
contact the spectrograph
manufacturer.)
Flange 1
Flange 2
Detector
Figure 4. Adapter for a Deep Focal Plane Spectrograph
Adapters for these spectrographs are generally in two pieces, as shown in Figure 4. The
generic assembly directions that follow can be used as a general guide.
Mounting Directions
1. Bolt Flange 2 to the NTE/CCD Detector using the screws provided.
2. Next, loosen the setscrews (3) on Flange 1.
3. Mount Flange 1 to the spectrograph.
4. Slide Flange 2 into Flange 1.
Do not tighten the setscrews until focusing and alignment are achieved as discussed in
Chapter 4.
Shallow Focal Plane
Shallow focal plane spectrographs are ones with a focal plane that is less than 25 mm
beyond the exit interface. The detector mount provided in these cases does not allow
focusing via the adapter. Focusing must be accomplished by adjusting the spectrograph.
The generic assembly directions that follow can be used as a general guide. However,
note that detailed instructions for your specific adapter are provided in the bag of adapter
parts.
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NTE/CCD Detector Manual
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Mounting Directions
1. Mount the flange to the detector using the
two half-rings and the screws provided.
Note that the tapered side of each half-ring
faces the adapter (Figure 5).
Flange
2. Next, thread the 10-32 hex screws
halfway into three of the six tapped holes
in the spectrograph’s exit plane.
3. Position the detector so the three hex head
screws line up with the openings in the
adapter flange.
4. Slide the detector over the screws and
rotate into the proper orientation.
Half-rings
Detector
5. Leave the detector free to rotate until it is
aligned as described in Chapter 4.
Figure 5. Shallow Focal Plane
Spectrograph Mounting Hardware
Entrance Slit Shutter
An entrance slit shutter can either be mounted on the entrance slit of the spectrograph or
used as a stand-alone shutter. Shutters for stand-alone operation have two tapped holes
for mounting to a stand: one metric, the other English.
Entrance slit shutter mounts come in two types. The first type (Figure 6) is for use with
CP-200 and HR-320 Spectrographs.
Adapter Mount Cover
First Shutter Type Mounting Directions
Spectrometer
1. Remove the Adapter Mount Cover by
Adapter Mount Body
removing the four Phillips head screws.
Retainer
2. Place the Adapter Mount Body over the
entrance slit.
3. Mount it by threading the Retainer to the
spectrograph.
4. Replace the shutter and the Adapter
Mount Cover.
Figure 6. One Type of Entrance Slit
Shutter Mount
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Chapter 2
Detector Setup
15
Spectrometer
Adapter
Second Shutter Type Mounting Directions
The second shutter mount, used with all Acton Research
spectrographs, requires no disassembly. Mount it to the
spectrograph as shown in Figure 7.
Figure 7. Entrance Slit Shutter for
Acton Spectrographs
The shutter cable should be connected to the Shutter Power connector on the rear panel
of the NTE/CCD Detector or to the Shutter Power connector on the ST-133 Controller.
In many systems, cable length considerations will make it more convenient to connect to
the Shutter Power connector on the detector.
WARNING: Dangerous live potentials are present at the Remote Shutter power
connector. To avoid shock hazard, the Controller power should be OFF when connecting
or disconnecting a remote shutter.
Overexposure Protection
Detectors that are exposed to room light or other continuous light sources will quickly
become saturated. This most often occurs when operating without a shutter. Saturation is
not harmful to a non-intensified detector. To reduce the incident light, close the entrance
slit of the spectrograph completely.
Imaging
This section describes how to connect lenses to the detector for imaging applications.
Instructions for spectroscopic applications appear later in this chapter. Microscopy
applications are discussed in Chapter 5.
NTE/CCD Detectors use either a C-mount or a Nikon bayonet adapter. If you cannot use
the adapter you received, contact the factory for technical support or replacement. See
page 50 for Information on accessing the Roper Scientific Technical Support Dept.
Nikon (F-mount) Bayonet
To attach an F-mount lens to the detector, the unit must be equipped with an F-mount
adapter. The adapter type must be specified at the time of purchase.
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NTE/CCD Detector Manual
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To Mount the Lens on the Detector:
Set screws to lock front
part of adapter in place
1. Locate the large indicator dot on the side of the
lens.
2. Note the corresponding dot on the front side of the
adapter.
3. Line up the dots and slide the lens into the
adapter.
Lens release lever
4. Turn the lens counterclockwise until a click is
audible. The lens is now locked in place.
Front part of adapter
for adjusting focus
5. In addition to the focusing ring of the lens, there is
provision for focusing the adapter itself. The
adjustment is secured by #4-40 setscrews on the
inside of the adapter. Directions for focusing the
lens and the adapter are provided in Chapter 4.
Figure 8. Nikon Lens Adapter
To Remove the Lens:
1. Locate the lens release lever at the front of the lens mount.
2. Press the lever toward the detector housing and simultaneously rotate the lens
clockwise.
3. Then pull the lens straight out.
Although microscopes more commonly are used with a C-mount adapter, operation with
a detector having an F-mount adapter may also be possible. See Chapter 5, Microscopy
Applications and the adapter literature for further directions.
C-mount
NTE/CCD detectors can be ordered with an integral C-mount adapter. C-mount lenses
simply screw into the front of these detectors. Tighten the lens by hand only. See Chapter
5 for information on connecting to a microscope.
Note: C-mount detectors are shipped with a dust cover lens installed. Although this lens
is capable of providing surprisingly good images, its throughput is low and the image
quality is not as good as can be obtained with a high-quality detector lens. Users should
replace the dust-cover lens with their own high-quality laboratory lens before making
measurements.
Overexposure Protection
Set the lens to the smallest aperture (highest F-number) and cover the lens with a lens
cap to prevent overexposure.
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Chapter 3
Cooling the Detector
Introduction
The NTE/CCD detector is designed for cooled operation. A four-stage Peltier effect
thermoelectric cooler, driven by closed-loop proportional-control circuitry, cools the
CCD. A thermal sensing diode attached to the cooling block of the detector monitors its
temperature. An internal fan draws air through the heat-exchanger to remove the waste
heat and the warm air is exhausted through openings in the side of the housing.
Note: The power requirements of the NTE CCD Detector can not be met by a standard
ST-133 or ST-138 Controller. Special high-power versions of these controllers have been
developed for use with the NTE CCD Detector.
Setting the Temperature
ST-133 Controller
The temperature is set directly from the application software. It takes from 10-20 minutes
for the NTE/CCD to reach and lock at the set temperature. The TEMP LOCK indicator
on the back of the controller then lights to indicate that lock has been achieved.
Application software, such as WinView/32 or WinSpec/32, may also provide a
temperature locked indication (both WinView/32 and WinSpec/32 do this).
Note: Temperature regulation does not reach its ultimate stability for at least 30 minutes
after temperature lock is established. Also note that the thermoelectric cooler has no
capability to heat the CCD. These detectors are therefore more thermally stable at lower
temperatures.
ST-138 Controller
The temperature is set by means of a dial on the front panel of the controller. Directions
follow:
1. Turn the cooler switch on the front of
(unlocked)
×100°C
0
locking tab
the controller off.
×1°C
(locked)
2. Turn the power switch on.
3. Locate the Temp knob on the front of
the controller. The dial reads in units
of minus degrees Centigrade. See
Figure 9 to locate the locking tab. Turn
this tab counterclockwise until the
Temp knob is free to rotate.
Figure 9. ST-138 Temperature Knob
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NTE/CCD Detector Manual
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4. On the top side of the Temp knob is a rectangular window that denotes hundreds of
degrees C. Each complete turn of the knob is -100°C. Around the moveable part of
the knob are numbers from 0 to 99, in increments of 2. Turn the knob until the
correct value (0) appears in the hundreds’ box.
5. Then turn the knob until the desired value between 0 and 70 appears below the box.
6. Turn the locking tab clockwise to lock the Temp knob in place.
Figure 9 exhibits the position of the dial for a temperature of -50°C. Position 1 shows the
locking tab in the unlocked position. Position 2 is the locked position.
Once cooling has been initiated, it takes from 10-20 minutes for the NTE/CCD to reach
and lock at the set temperature. With an ST-138 controller, the cooler status indicator
will turn from orange to green. Once lock is established, temperature is stable to within
±0.050°C.
Cooling Troubleshooting
Detector doesn’t achieve Temperature Lock
If the indicator doesn’t turn green after 30 minutes, the temperature setting may be at a
temperature colder than the specified limit or the environment could be particularly
warm. If this occurs, try a higher temperature setting. Make sure you are selecting a
temperature that is acceptable for your particular detector and CCD array.
Cooling and Vacuum Level
With time, there will be a gradual deterioration of the detector’s vacuum. This, in turn,
will eventually affect temperature performance and it may no longer be possible to
achieve temperature lock at the lowest temperatures. In the kind of low-light imaging
applications for which cooled CCD detectors are so well suited, it is highly desirable to
maintain the system’s temperature performance because lower temperatures provide less
thermal noise and better signal-to-noise ratio.
Vacuum deterioration occurs primarily as a result of outgassing of components in the
vacuum chamber. Because outgassing normally diminishes with time, the rate of vacuum
deterioration in new detectors will be faster than in old ones. As a result, each time the
detector is repumped, the new vacuum will remain good for a longer time than the
previous one. In any case, should you notice a gradual deterioration in temperature
control performance, the detector should be repumped.
If you have the appropriate equipment and personnel with the necessary expertise
available, you may wish to pump down the detector at your facility. Contact the
factory Technical Support Dept. for information on how to refresh the vacuum. See
page 50 for contact information.
If the necessary equipment and expertise is not available, simply contact the factory to
make arrangements for returning the detector to have the vacuum restored.
WARNING
The CCD array is subject to damage from condensation if exposed to the atmosphere
when cold. For this reason, the detector should be kept properly evacuated or backfilled
with dry nitrogen, free of oil or other contaminants.
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Chapter 3
Cooling the Detector
19
Detector loses Temperature Lock
The internal temperature of the detector is too high. This might occur if the operating
environment is particularly warm or if you are attempting to operate at a temperature
colder than the specified limit. If this happens, an internal thermal overload switch will
disable the cooler circuits to protect them. Typically, detector operation is restored in
about ten minutes. Although the thermal overload switch will protect the detector, users
are advised to power down and correct the operating conditions that caused the thermal
overload to occur. With some versions of the software, the indicated temperature when
the camera is in thermal overload (thermal switch is in the cut-out state) is -120° C.
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Chapter 4
Focusing
Introduction
Detectors for either imaging or spectroscopic applications must be focused for maximum
resolution. Imaging applications require adjustment of both the lens and the lens adapter.
Spectroscopic applications demand both focusing and alignment of the detector to the
spectrograph.
One of the limitations of scientific non-video rate detectors has been their difficulty in
focusing and locating fields of view.
The ST-133 Controller solves the focusing problem by its combination of high-speed
operation with the implementation of true video output. The high-speed image update on
the video monitor makes focusing and field location as simple as with a video detector.
This video output also makes possible archiving an experiment on a VCR, producing
hardcopy data on a video printer, or even implementing autofocusing stages. Note that
video is only available at fast A/D rates, such as 1 MHz.
The video output must be selected by the Application software. In the case of
WinView/32 or WinSpec/32, this is done by selecting Video from the Acquisition
menu. For setup, you will want the fastest possible acquisition and display, achieved by
operating with Free-Run in the Focus mode with Safe (Asynchronous) timing. There
is also provision in these application programs for intensity-scaling the video output, that
is, selecting the specific gray levels to be displayed on the 8 bit video output.
The ST-138 Controller, if operated with WinView 1.6, provides one solution to this
problem with its Moviemode feature, which provides fast real-time image display and
easiest focusing. In this mode, the controller uses a built-in lookup-table to select the
data to be displayed. Each two-byte pixel is mapped to 8 bits in hardware before transfer
to the computer. The 8 bit data can then be sent directly to the monitor for display,
resulting in a display rate up to several frames per second, many times faster than
systems without this option. If operating with WinView/32 or WinSpec/32, select Free-
Run and Safe and operate in the Focus mode for the fastest possible data acquisition.
Focusing and Alignment in Spectroscopy
The detector mounting hardware provides two degrees of freedom, focus and rotation.
The approach taken is to slowly move the detector in and out of focus and adjust for
optimum while watching a live display on the monitor, followed by rotating the detector
and adjusting for optimum. The following procedure, which describes the focusing
®
operation with an Acton SpectroPro 300i (SP300i), can be easily adapted to other
spectrographs.
1. Mount a light source, such as a mercury pen-ray type, in front of the entrance slit
of the spectrograph. Any light source with line output can be used. Standard
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NTE/CCD Detector Manual
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fluorescent overhead lamps have good calibration lines as well. If there are no
“line” sources available, it is possible to use a broad band source, such as
tungsten, for the alignment. If this is the case, use a wavelength setting of 0.0nm
for alignment purposes.
2. With the Model SP300i properly connected to the controller, turn the power on
and wait for the spectrograph to initialize. Then set it to 435.8 nm if using a
mercury lamp or to 0.0 nm if using a broadband source.
Hint: Overhead fluorescent lights produce a mercury spectrum. Use a white card
tilted at 45 degrees in front of the entrance slit to reflect overhead light into the
spectrograph. Select 435.833 as the spectral line.
3. Set the Exposure Time of the array to a convenient value somewhere in the range
of 0.1 s to 1 s.
4. Set the slit to 25 µm.
5. Run the Detector in live mode and watch the display on the monitor.
Hint: If using WinView/32 or WinSpec/32, select FOCUS with Freerun and
Safe Mode (asynchronous) timing selected. If using WinView or WinSpec,
simply select RUN with Freerun and asynchronous timing (SYNCHRONOUS
not selected).
6. Slowly move the detector in and out of focus. You should see the spectral line go
from broad to narrow and back to broad. Leave the detector set for the narrowest
achievable line.
7. Next adjust the rotation. You can do this by rotating the detector while watching
a live display of the line. The line will go from broad to narrow and back to
broad. Leave the detector rotation set for the narrowest achievable line.
Alternatively, take an image, display the horizontal and vertical cursor bars, and
compare the vertical bar to the line shape on the screen. Rotate the detector until
the line shape on the screen is parallel with the vertical bar.
Note: When aligning other accessories, such as fibers, lenses, optical fiber adapters,
first align the spectrograph to the slit. Then align the accessory without disturbing
the detector position. The procedure is identical to that used to focus the
spectrograph (i.e. do the focus and alignment operations while watching a live
image).
Focusing in Imaging Applications
Lens Performance Considerations
Imaging applications require that a lens be mounted to the detector. Because the lens
characteristics affect system performance, it may be helpful to review some basic lens
concepts. Basically, light from a subject enters the front of the lens and is focused to a
sharp image on the focal plane (CCD surface). The ability of the lens to do this well
depends on a number of factors, as follows.
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Chapter 4
Focusing
23
Throughput: The throughput of a lens is determined by its aperture, which can
ordinarily be set to a number of different values, or f/ stops. The higher the
number the smaller the aperture and the lower the throughput. Depth of field
considerations make it imperative that focusing be done at maximum aperture
(smallest f/).
Resolution: This is a measure of the sharpness of the lens, that is, of its ability to
resolve two closely spaced lines. Resolution is commonly expressed as the
Modulation Transfer Function (MTF), which specifies the number of line pairs
per mm that can be resolved for a given valley depth between the two lines of
each pair. In comparing the MTF of two lenses, it is important that the specified
valley depth for both be the same. For any real lens, resolution is a function of f/,
with maximum sharpness most often occurring at some mid-range value. Thus, a
lens that offers f/ settings from f/2.8 to f/22 will probably be sharpest at f/8 or
f/11. For this reason, even though focusing should be done at maximum aperture,
actual data acquisition should be done with a mid-aperture setting.
Depth of Field: A measure of how the sharpness of a lens varies with respect to the
distance of an object from the lens. For any given aperture, there is a depth of
field, usually marked on the barrel of the lens. Objects within the zone will be
sharply imaged. Objects closer or further than the depth of field will not be as
sharp. The further an object is from the point of sharpest focus, the less sharp its
image on the CCD will be. The point of maximum sharpness is located 1/3 of the
way into the depth of field zone. For example, if the indicated depth of field for
the selected aperture extends from 3 ft to 6 ft, the point of maximum sharpness
will be at 4 ft.
For good focusing sensitivity, the depth of field should be small (large aperture).
If the aperture is small, the depth of field will be deep, making it difficult to
establish the point of sharpest focus. For example, with a 50 mm lens, at f/4 the
depth of field will extend from 8 ft to infinity. By focusing at full aperture, the
depth of field will be as shallow as possible. As a result, the effects of even very
small focusing adjustments will be readily observed, allowing the focus to be set
with precision. Once the optimum focus setting has been achieved, the aperture
can be reduced to the point of maximum sharpness. In some experiments, you
may wish to adjust the aperture for optimum signal level. However, the
experiment setup parameters established with the applications software can also
be used to adjust the signal level, allowing the lens aperture and focus to be
optimized.
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NTE/CCD Detector Manual
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Imaging Field of View
When used for two-dimensional imaging applications, PI CCD detectors closely imitate a
standard 35 mm detector. Since the CCD is not the same size as the film plane of a 35 mm
detector, the field of view at a given distance is somewhat different.
CCD
Object
Lens
Princeton Instruments, Inc
S
O
B
D
Figure 10. Imaging Field of View
D = distance between the object and the CCD (the CCD is 46.5 mm behind the front edge of
the Nikon lens adapter, 17.5 mm for the C-mount adapter)
B = 46.5 mm for the Nikon adapter, 17.5 mm for the C-mount adapter
F = focal length of lens
S = CCD horizontal or vertical dimension
O = horizontal or vertical field of view covered at a distance D
M = magnification
The field of view is:
F-Mount Adapter Focusing Procedure
Note: This procedure sets the focus for the F-mount adapter, not the lens. Once set, it
should not need to be disturbed again.
1. The lens should be mounted to the detector as described in Chapter 2.
2. Mount a suitable target at a known distance in front of the lens. Typically, a
photo resolution chart is used. However, even a page of small print will
generally serve quite well for this purpose.
3. Try rotating the detector lens mount. If it doesn’t rotate, it will be necessary to
loosen the securing setscrews. The lens mount adjustment is secured by
setscrews. To change the focus setting, proceed as follows.
Remove the lens from the lens mount.
Loosen the two setscrews with a 0.050 Allen wrench*. Do not remove the
screws; loosen them just enough to allow the lens mount to be adjusted.
*
The screws are #4-40 setscrews. A 0.050 hex key is required to loosen or tighten them.
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Chapter 4
Focusing
25
Remount the lens to the adapter and set the lens focus adjustment to the
target distance.
4. Power up the system and, using the application software, select FreeRun, and
Safe mode (Asynchronous).
5. Choose a fast exposure (0.1 s) and begin data collection by selecting Focus
(WinView/32).
6. Note the image on the computer monitor. If it is washed out because the CCD is
saturated, reduce the exposure time. If it is too dark, increase the exposure time.
7. Double check to be sure the lens focus is set to the target distance and readjust if
necessary.
8. Taking care not to disturb the lens focus, adjust the lens mount focus for
maximum sharpness in the observed image.
9. Being very careful not to disturb the lens mount focus, remove the lens from the
mount and tighten the setscrews to secure the lens mount focus setting.
10. Remount the lens.
This completes the procedure for adjusting the lens mount focus setting. It should not be
necessary to disturb the adjustment again. In actual measurements with real subjects, the
focusing will be done entirely with the lens focus adjustment. Microscope adapters
follow a similar procedure except, in this case, the front part of the lens mount should
not need adjustment. See Chapter 5 for additional information.
Lens Focusing Procedure
Except for the lens mount focus procedure that applies to F-mount lenses as described in
the described above, there is no difference between focusing considerations for an
F-mount lens and a C-mount lens. Simply use the focusing ring on the lens to produce
the sharpest image at full aperture. Then stop the lens down to its sharpest aperture
(probably at a mid-range aperture setting) and adjust the Exposure Time for the best
possible image as observed at the monitor. In microscopy applications, it will also be
necessary to review the discussions in Chapter 5.
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Chapter 5
Microscopy Applications
Introduction
This chapter discusses the setup and optimization of your digital imaging system as
applied to microscopy.
Since scientific grade cooled CCD imaging systems are usually employed for low light
level microscopy, the major goal is to maximize the light throughput to the detector. In
order to do this, the highest Numerical Aperture (NA) objectives of the desired
magnification should be used. In addition, you should carefully consider the transmission
efficiency of the objective for the excitation and emission wavelengths of the fluorescent
probe employed. Another way to maximize the transmission of light is to choose the
detector port that uses the fewest optical surfaces in the pathway, since each surface
results in a small loss in light throughput. Often the trinocular mount on the upright
microscope and the bottom port on the inverted microscope provide the highest light
throughput. Check with the manufacturer of your microscope to determine the optimal
path for your experiment type.
A rule of thumb employed in live cell fluorescence microscopy is “if you can see the
fluorescence by eye, then the illumination intensity is too high”. While this may not be
universally applicable, it is a reasonable goal to aim for. In doing this, the properties of
the CCD in your detector should also be considered in the design of your experiments.
For instance, if you have flexibility in choosing fluorescent probes, then you should take
advantage of the higher Quantum Efficiency (QE) of the CCD at longer wavelengths (QE
curves can be found on the Princeton Instruments detector data sheets). Another feature
to exploit is the high resolution offered by detectors with exceptionally small pixel sizes
(data available on the Princeton Instruments detector data sheets). Given that sufficient
detail is preserved, you can use 2x2 binning (or higher) to increase the light collected at
each “super-pixel” by a factor of 4 (or higher). This will allow the user to reduce
exposure times, increasing temporal resolution and reducing photodamage to the living
specimen.
Another method to minimize photodamage to biological preparations is to synchronize a
shutter on the excitation pathway to the exposure period of the detector. This will limit
exposure of the sample to the potentially damaging effects of the excitation light.
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NTE/CCD Detector Manual
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Mounting the Detector on the Microscope
The detector is connected to the microscope via a standard type mount coupled to a
microscope specific adapter piece. There are two basic detector-mounting designs, the
C-mount (standard) and the F-mount (optional). The C-mount employs a standard size
thread to connect to the detector to the adapter while the F-mount uses a tongue and
groove type mechanism to make the connection.
C-Mount
For a detector equipped with a C-mount thread, use the standard C-mount adapter that is
supplied by the microscope manufacturer to attach the detector to the microscope. The
adapter can be screwed into the detector and then the assembly can be secured to the
microscope using the standard setscrews on the microscope. The detector can be
mounted on the trinocular output port, the side port or the bottom port of the inverted
microscope. When mounting larger detectors perpendicular to the microscope on the side
port, it is ADVISED that you provide some additional support for your detector to reduce
the possibility of vibrations or excessive stress on the C-mount nose. For the bottom port
of the inverted microscope, the C-mount is designed to support the full weight of the
detector, however, IT IS ADVISED that you provide some additional support for the
larger detectors since the detector is in a position where it could be deflected by the
operator’s knee or foot. This kind of lateral force could damage the alignment of the nose
and result in sub-optimal imaging conditions.
Most output ports of the microscope do not require additional optical elements to collect
an image; however, please check with your microscope manual to determine if the
chosen output port requires a relay lens. In addition, all optical surfaces should be free
from dust and fingerprints, since these will appear as blurry regions or spots and hence
degrade the image quality.
F-Mount
For a detector with the F-mount type design, you will need two elements to mount the
detector on your microscope. The first element is a Diagnostic Instruments Relay Lens.
This lens is usually a 1x relay lens that performs no magnification. Alternatively, you
may use a 0.6x relay lens to partially demagnify the image and to increase the field of
view. There is also a 2x relay lens available for additional magnification. The second
element is a microscope specific Diagnostic Instruments Bottom Clamp. Table 1 shows
which bottom clamps are routinely used with each of the microscope types. They are
illustrated in Figure 11. If you feel that you have received the wrong type of clamp, of if
you need a clamp for a microscope other than those listed, please contact the factory.
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Chapter 5
Microscopy Applications
29
Diagnostic Instruments
Bottom Clamp Type
Microscope Type
Leica DMR
L-clamp
Leitz All types
NLW-clamp
O-clamp
V-clamp
Z-clamp
Nikon Optiphot, Diaphot, Eclipse
Olympus BH-2, B-MAX, IMT-2
Zeiss Axioscope, Axioplan,
Axioplan 2, Axiophot
Zeiss Axiovert
ZN-clamp
Table 1. Bottom Clamps for Different Microscopes
To assemble the pieces, first pick up the detector and look for the black dot on the front
surface. Match this dot with the red dot on the side of the relay lens. Then engage the
two surfaces and rotate them until the F-mount is secured as evidenced by a soft clicking
sound. Next place the long tube of the relay lens into the bottom clamp for your
microscope, securing it to the relay lens with the three setscrews at the top of the clamp
as shown in Figure 12. This whole assembly can now be placed on the microscope, using
the appropriate setscrews on the microscope to secure the bottom clamp to the output
port of the microscope.
The F-mount is appropriate for any trinocular output port or any side port. When
mounting the detector perpendicular to the microscope on the side port, it is ADVISED
that you provide some additional support for your detector to reduce the possibility of
vibrations or excessive stress on the F-mount nose. Roper Scientific DOES NOT advise
using an F-mount to secure the detector to a bottom port of an inverted microscope due
to possible failure of the locking mechanism of the F-mount. Contact the factory for
information about a special adapter for operating in this configuration.
Adjusting the Parfocality of the Detector
Once the detector has been mounted, you should get a clear, focused, transmitted light
image through the eyepiece. Then divert the light to the detector and lower the
illuminating light intensity. To adjust the parfocality on an F-mount system, begin
collecting images with a short exposure time and focus the light on the detector by
rotating the ring on the Diagnostic Instruments relay lens without touching the main
focusing knobs on the microscope. On a C-mount system, the detector should be very
close to parfocal, although some C-mounts will be adjustable using setscrews on the
microscope to secure the adapter slightly higher or lower in position.
In the case of a detector with an F-mount lens adapter, focusing is normally done by
means a focus adjustment on the relay-lens adapter.
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30
NTE/CCD Detector Manual
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1X
HRP 100-NIK
L
ZN
O
NLW
Z
V
Figure 11. Diagnostic Instruments Bottom Clamps for Different Microscopes
1X
HRP 100-NIK
"L" bottom clamp
Figure 12. Bottom Clamp Secured to Relay Lens
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Chapter 5
Microscopy Applications
31
Note: The detector lens mount itself also has a focus adjustment. Although it is unlikely
that you would ever need to use this adjustment in operation with a microscope (it is
preferable that you use the relay-lens focus adjustment), it could be used if necessary.
The procedure for using the adjustment is provided in Chapter 4.
Microscope optics have very high transmission efficiencies in the infrared region of the
spectrum. Since typical microscope light sources are very good emitters in the infrared,
some microscopes are equipped with IR blockers or heat filters to prevent heating of
optical elements or the sample. For those microscopes that do not have the better IR
blockers, the throughput of infrared light to the CCD can be fairly high. In addition,
while the eye is unable to see the light, CCD detectors are particularly efficient in
detecting infrared wavelengths. As a result, the contaminating infrared light will cause a
degradation of the image quality due to a high background signal that will be invisible to
the eye. Therefore, it is recommended that you add an IR blocker prior to the detector if
you encounter this problem with the microscope.
CAUTION
WARNING
Before You Start, if your system includes a microscope Xenon or Hg arc lamp, it is
CRITICAL to turn off all electronics adjacent to the arc lamp, especially your digital
detector system and your computer hardware (monitors included) before turning on the
lamp power.
Powering up a microscope Xenon or Hg arc lamp causes a large EMF spike to be
produced that can cause damage to electronics that are running in the vicinity of the
lamp. We advise that you place a clear warning sign on the power button of your arc
lamp reminding all workers to follow this procedure. While Roper Scientific has taken
great care to isolate its sensitive circuitry from EMF sources, we cannot guarantee that
this protection will be sufficient for all EMF bursts. Therefore, in order to fully
guarantee the performance of your system, you must follow this startup procedure.
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Chapter 6
Operation
Introduction
Once the NTE/CCD Detector has been installed and its optics adjusted as explained in
the preceding chapters, operation of the detector is basically straightforward. In most
applications you simply establish optimum performance using the Focus mode
(WinView/32 or WinSpec/32) and then do actual data acquisition in the Acquire mode.
There are many of possible software considerations that are addressed in the software
manual. In addition, there are a few considerations that might have applicability as
follows.
High Humidity
In high humidity climates it is not unusual to require continuous flushing of the
spectrometer’s exit port with nitrogen to prevent condensation on the window. If
condensation occurs, it will obscure the light and degrade the data.
UV Effect on Scintillator
If you have a detector with a UV scintillator (lumogen) coated CCD, protect it from
unnecessary exposure to UV radiation. This radiation slowly bleaches the scintillator,
reducing sensitivity.
CAUTION
Baseline Signal
With the detector completely blocked, the CCD will collect a dark charge pattern,
dependent on the exposure time and detector temperature. The longer the exposure time
and the warmer the detector the larger and less uniform this background will appear.
After temperature lock is established, wait 30 minutes for the detector temperature to
completely stabilize. Then try taking a few dark charge readings.
Note: Do not be concerned about either the DC level of this background or its shape
unless it is very high, i.e., >400 counts. What you see is not noise. It is a fully
subtractable readout pattern. Each CCD has its own dark charge pattern, unique to that
particular device. Every device has been thoroughly tested to ensure its compliance with
Roper Scientific's demanding specifications.
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NTE/CCD Detector Manual
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If you observe a sudden change in the baseline signal you may have excessive humidity
in the vacuum enclosure of the detector. Turn off the system and have the detector
repumped before resuming normal operation. Contact the factory Technical Support
Dept. for information on how to refresh the vacuum. See page 50 for contact
information.
CAUTION
Shutter
Spectroscopy
There is no provision for mounting an internal shutter in an NTE/CCD detector
configured for spectroscopy. The detector mounts directly to the spectrometer mounting
adapter leaving no room for an internal shutter. A spectrograph entrance slit shutter is
available for use in spectroscopy measurements that require a shutter. These shutters are
mounted as described on page 14.
Imaging
In imaging applications an adapter is mounted to the detector and then the lens, either C-
mount or F-mount, is mounted to the adapter. An F-mount adapter and a C-mount
adapter differ not only in their lens-mounting provisions, but also in depth because the
focal plane of F-mount lenses is deeper than that of C-mount lenses. Nevertheless, an
internal shutter can be installed in both types of adapters. Ordinarily, a shutter would be
specified at the time of ordering and the detector would be shipped with the lens adapter
and shutter already installed.
35 mm Shutter
F-mount field of view
(illuminated region of array)
As shown in Figure 13, NTE cameras
having an F-mount nose use a 35 mm
opening shutter. This shutter does not
35 mm shutter coverage
1300 x 1340 array
completely clear a 1300×1340 array (~38
mm diagonal) and the array is not fully
illuminated. This does not mean that the
shutter is too small. The F-mount lens
actually limits the field size ahead of the
dark area of array
35 mm shutter. The difficulty is that the
F-mount standard itself doesn’t provide
sufficient coverage to completely
illuminate the 1300 × 1340 array.
Figure 13. Coverage on 1300×1340 Array for
F-mount Design
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Chapter 6
Operation
35
Note that a camera having the 35 mm shutter
can only be used with an ST-133 equipped with
the 70 V shutter option. An ST-133 that has the
70 V shutter drive option can be identified by
the 70 V OPT label on its rear panel as shown
in Figure 14.
SHUTTER CONTROL
70V
OPT.
4
Note that there is a Shutter Setting push switch
that sets the shutter drive voltage. Each shutter
type, whether internal or external, requires a
different setting. Consult the table below to
determine the proper setting for your shutter.
The Shutter Setting dial is correctly set at the
factory for the camera’s internal shutter if one
is present.
REMOTE
SETTING
Figure 14. Back Panel of ST-133 with
70 V Shutter Drive Option
1
2
4
External Shutter
Small Internal Shutter
35 mm Vincent Shutter
(supplied with NTE camera having 1300 × 1340 CCD)
5
Large Internal Shutter
Table 2. ST-133 Shutter Drive Selection
WARNING
An incorrect setting may cause the shutter to malfunction or be damaged. An ST-133
with the 70 V Shutter option cannot be used with a camera having the small (standard)
shutter, even by selecting a lower number, because the shutter could be permanently
damaged by the high drive voltage and larger stored energy required to drive the 70 V
shutter.
Shutter Life
Note that shutters are mechanical devices with a finite lifetime, typically on the order of
a million cycles, although some individual shutters may last a good deal longer. How
long a shutter lasts in terms of experimental time will, of course, be strongly dependent
on the operating parameters. High repetition rates and short exposure times will rapidly
increase the number of shutter cycles and decrease the time when the shutter will have to
be replaced. Possible shutter problems include complete failure, in which the shutter no
longer operates at all, or the shutter may stick open or closed causing overexposed or
smeared images. It may even happen that one leaf of the shutter will break and no longer
actuate.
Shutter replacement is usually done at the factory. If you find that the shutter on your
detector is malfunctioning, contact the factory to arrange for a shutter-replacement
repair. Note that shutters are not covered by the warranty.
WARNING
Disconnecting or connecting the shutter cable to the detector while the controller is on
can destroy the shutter or the shutter drive circuitry. Always power off the controller
before adjusting the shutter cable.
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NTE/CCD Detector Manual
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Shutter Overheating
The 25 mm remote-mounted shutter for spectroscopy has a built-in thermal interlock to
prevent overloading of its coil. If run at a high repetition rate, the shutter may heat
enough to trigger the interlock, disabling the shutter.
If your shutter suddenly stops running, stop the experiment and wait. The shutter should
resume functioning when it has cooled down sufficiently, typically within an hour. Avoid
repeating the conditions that lead to the shutter overheating, or take breaks between data
collections.
Larger shutters do not normally exhibit thermal overloading, so they do not require a
thermal interlock.
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Chapter 7
Cleaning
WARNING
Turn off all power to the equipment and secure all covers before cleaning the units.
Otherwise, damage to the equipment or injury to you could occur.
Controller and Camera
Although there is no periodic maintenance that must be performed on the NTE/CDD
Detector, users are advised to wipe it down with a clean damp cloth from time to time.
This operation should only be done on the external surfaces and with all covers secured.
In dampening the cloth, use clean water only. No soap, solvents or abrasives should be
used. Not only are they not required, but they could damage the finish of the surfaces on
which they are used.
Optical Surfaces
Optical surfaces may need to be cleaned due to the accumulation of atmospheric dust.
We advise that the drag-wipe technique be used. This involves dipping a clean cellulose
lens tissue into clean anhydrous methanol, and than dragging the dampened tissue over
the optical surface to be cleaned. Do not allow any other material to touch the optical
surfaces.
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Appendix A
Specifications
Controller Requirement
Requires ST-133 or ST-138 with high power modification. Standard ST-133 or ST-138
Controllers cannot meet the NTE’s power requirements.
CCD Arrays
Note: The following list may not be current. Contact the factory for up-to-date
information on available chips and chip performance specifications.
EEV 100 × 1340*
EEV 400 × 1340*
EEV 512 × 512FT CCD57
EEV 1024 × 1024 CCD47-10
EEV 1024 × 1024FT CCD47-20
EEV 1300 × 1340* *
TEK 512 × 512D
General
Focal Depth (optical)
Spectroscopy: 0.593"
F-Mount: 46.5mm
C-Mount: 17.5mm
Environmental
Storage temperature: <55°C
Operating environment: 5°C < T < 30°C
Relative humidity: 50%; non condensing
Temperature Stability
±0.04°C over entire temperature range; dark charge stabilized to ±1.2%.
*
Incorporates both high-capacity and low-noise amplifiers. Choice of output amplifier must be
specified at time of ordering.
* *
Requires /F mount nose and 35mm Vincent shutter. This shutter requires ST-133 having 70 V
shutter drive modification. ST-133s having this modification cannot be used with cameras having
smaller (standard) shutter.
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Power
Maximum internal heat dissipation in watts: 90
Cooling
The internal fan circulates cooling air over the heat exchanger. Openings in the side
of the housing provide the necessary circulation access. Fan capacity at full power is
30 cfm. Attainable lock temperature will vary depending on array size. Cooling
performance is improved with fresh vacuum. Contact the factory Technical Support
Dept. for information on refreshing the vacuum. See page 50 for contact
information.
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Appendix B
Outline Drawings
Note: Dimensions are in inches.
2.598±.001
CENTERING
BOSS
COOLING AIR INLET
TYPICAL BOTH SIDES
COOLING AIR OUTLET
TYPICAL BOTH SIDES
Figure 15. Spectrometer Mount: Side View
Æ.358 HOLE TO Æ.203 SLOTS
FOR #10-32 BOLT
Æ3.600 MOUNTING CIRCLE
(3 PLACES)
4.63
GAIN SWITCH ACCESS
(NOT ACTIVE)
DB-25 MALE
TO CONTROLLER
4.63
3.16
.94
1.14
EXTERNAL SHUTTER JACK
1.54
Figure 16. Spectrometer Mount: Front and Back View
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NTE/CCD Detector Manual
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Figure 17. F-Mount: Side View
F-MOUNT
(2 3/8” - 20 THREAD
NIKON ADAPTER SHOWN
4.63
4.63
Figure 18. F-Mount: Front and Back View
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Appendix B
Outline Drawings
43
2.41
2.25
0.500
COOLING AIR INLET
TYPICAL BOTH SIDES
OPTIONAL TRIPOD
MOUNT KIT
(2550-0312)
COOLING AIR OUTLET
TYPICAL BOTH SIDES
ALLOW 1.5” FOR
ELECTRICAL CONNECTION
Figure 19. C- Mount: Side View
C-MOUNT
(1.00-32 THREAD)
4.63
4.13
Figure 20. C-Mount: Front and Back View
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NTE/CCD Detector Manual
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1.52
2.97
2.25
ALLOW 1.5” FOR
ELECTRICAL CONNECTION
Figure 21. Fiber Optic Coupled: Side and Bottom Views
Figure 22. Fiber-Optic Coupled: Front and Back View
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DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
We,
ROPER SCIENTIFIC
(PRINCETON INSTRUMENTS)
3660 QUAKERBRIDGE ROAD
TRENTON, NJ 08619
Declare under our sole responsibility, that the product
ST-133A 1MHz HIGH POWER CONTROLLER
w/NTE CAMERA HEAD,
To which this declaration relates, is in conformity with general safety requirement for electrical
equipment standards:
IEC 1010-1:1990, EN 61010-1:1993/A2:1995
EN 55011 for Group 1, Class A, 1991,
EN50082-1, 1991 (EN 61000-4-2, EN 61000-4-3, EN 61000-4-4)
Which follow the provisions of the
CE LOW VOLTAGE DIRECTIVE 73/23/EEC
And
EMC DIRECTIVE 89/336/EEC.
Date: August 20, 2002
TRENTON, NJ
(PAUL HEAVENER)
Engineering Manager
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46
NTE/CCD Detector Manual
Version 2.A
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Warranty & Service
Limited Warranty: Roper Scientific Analytical Instrumentation
Roper Scientific, Inc. (“Roper Scientific,” us,” “we,” “our”) makes the following limited
warranties. These limited warranties extend to the original purchaser (“You”, “you”)
only and no other purchaser or transferee. We have complete control over all warranties
and may alter or terminate any or all warranties at any time we deem necessary.
Basic Limited One (1) Year Warranty
Roper Scientific warrants this product against substantial defects in materials and / or
workmanship for a period of up to one (1) year after shipment. During this period, Roper
Scientific will repair the product or, at its sole option, repair or replace any defective part
without charge to you. You must deliver the entire product to the Roper Scientific factory
or, at our option, to a factory-authorized service center. You are responsible for the
shipping costs to return the product. International customers should contact their local
Roper Scientific authorized representative/distributor for repair information and
Limited One (1) Year Warranty on Refurbished or Discontinued
Products
Roper Scientific warrants, with the exception of the CCD imaging device (which carries
NO WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED), this product against defects in materials
or workmanship for a period of up to one (1) year after shipment. During this period,
Roper Scientific will repair or replace, at its sole option, any defective parts, without
charge to you. You must deliver the entire product to the Roper Scientific factory or, at
our option, a factory-authorized service center. You are responsible for the shipping costs
to return the product to Roper Scientific. International customers should contact their
local Roper Scientific representative/distributor for repair information and assistance or
Shutter Limited One Year Warranty
Roper Scientific warrants for a period of up to one (1) year after shipment the standard,
factory-installed camera shutter of all our products that incorporate an integrated shutter.
This limited warranty applies to the standard shutter installed in the camera system at the
time of manufacture. Non-standard shutters, special product request (SPR) shutters, and
third-party shutter drive equipment carry NO WARRANTIES EXPRESSED OR
IMPLIED. Roper Scientific will supply, at no cost to the customer, up to one (1)
replacement shutter during the warranty period. Roper Scientific will, at Roper
Scientific's option, either ship a ready-to-install shutter to the customer site for
installation by the customer according to the instructions in the product User Manual or
arrange with the customer to return the camera system (or portion of the camera system)
to the factory (or factory-authorized service center) for shutter replacement by us or a
Roper Scientific-authorized agent. Responsibility for shipping charges is as described
above under our Limited One (1) Year Warranty.
47
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48
NTE/CCD Detector Manual
Version 2.A
VersArray (XP) Vacuum Chamber Limited Lifetime Warranty
Roper Scientific warrants that the cooling performance of the system will meet our
specifications over the lifetime of the VersArray (XP) detector or Roper Scientific will, at
its sole option, repair or replace any vacuum chamber components necessary to restore
the cooling performance back to the original specifications at no cost to the original
purchaser. Any failure to “cool to spec” beyond our Basic (1) year limited warranty from
date of shipment, due to a non-vacuum-related component failure (e.g., any components
that are electrical/electronic) is NOT covered and carries NO WARRANTIES
EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. Responsibility for shipping charges is as described above
under our Basic Limited One (1) Year Warranty.
Sealed Chamber Integrity Limited 24 Month Warranty
Roper Scientific warrants the sealed chamber integrity of all our products for a period of
twenty-four (24) months after shipment. If, at anytime within twenty-four (24) months
from the date of delivery, the detector should experience a sealed chamber failure, all
parts and labor needed to restore the chamber seal will be covered by us. Open chamber
products carry NO WARRANTY TO THE CCD IMAGING DEVICE, EXPRESSED OR
IMPLIED. Responsibility for shipping charges is as described above under our Basic
Limited One (1) Year Warranty.
Vacuum Integrity Limited 24 Month Warranty
Roper Scientific warrants the vacuum integrity of all our products for a period of up to
twenty-four (24) months from the date of shipment. We warrant that the detector head
will maintain the factory-set operating temperature without the requirement for customer
pumping. Should the detector experience a Vacuum Integrity failure at anytime within
twenty-four (24) months from the date of delivery all parts and labor needed to restore
the vacuum integrity will be covered by us. Responsibility for shipping charges is as
described above under our Basic Limited One (1) Year Warranty.
Image Intensifier Detector Limited One Year Warranty
All image intensifier products are inherently susceptible to Phosphor and/or Photocathode
burn (physical damage) when exposed to high intensity light. Roper Scientific warrants,
with the exception of image intensifier products that are found to have Phosphor and/or
Photocathode burn damage (which carry NO WARRANTIES EXPRESSED OR
IMPLIED), all image intensifier products for a period of one (1) year after shipment. See
additional Limited One (1) year Warranty terms and conditions above, which apply to
this warranty. Responsibility for shipping charges is as described above under our Basic
Limited One (1) Year Warranty.
X-Ray Detector Limited One Year Warranty
Roper Scientific warrants, with the exception of CCD imaging device and fiber optic
assembly damage due to X-rays (which carry NO WARRANTIES EXPRESSED OR
IMPLIED), all X-ray products for one (1) year after shipment. See additional Basic
Limited One (1) year Warranty terms and conditions above, which apply to this
warranty. Responsibility for shipping charges is as described above under our Basic
Limited One (1) Year Warranty.
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Warranty & Service
Software Limited Warranty
49
Roper Scientific warrants all of our manufactured software discs to be free from
substantial defects in materials and / or workmanship under normal use for a period of
one (1) year from shipment. Roper Scientific does not warrant that the function of the
software will meet your requirements or that operation will be uninterrupted or error free.
You assume responsibility for selecting the software to achieve your intended results and
for the use and results obtained from the software. In addition, during the one (1) year
limited warranty. The original purchaser is entitled to receive free version upgrades.
Version upgrades supplied free of charge will be in the form of a download from the
Internet. Those customers who do not have access to the Internet may obtain the version
upgrades on a CD-ROM from our factory for an incidental shipping and handling charge.
See Item 12 in the following section of this warranty ("Your Responsibility") for more
information.
Owner's Manual and Troubleshooting
You should read the owner’s manual thoroughly before operating this product. In the
unlikely event that you should encounter difficulty operating this product, the owner’s
manual should be consulted before contacting the Roper Scientific technical support staff
or authorized service representative for assistance. If you have consulted the owner's
manual and the problem still persists, please contact the Roper Scientific technical
support staff or our authorized service representative. See Item 12 in the following section
of this warranty ("Your Responsibility") for more information.
Your Responsibility
The above Limited Warranties are subject to the following terms and conditions:
1. You must retain your bill of sale (invoice) and present it upon request for service
and repairs or provide other proof of purchase satisfactory to Roper Scientific.
2. You must notify the Roper Scientific factory service center within (30) days
after you have taken delivery of a product or part that you believe to be defective.
With the exception of customers who claim a “technical issue” with the operation
of the product or part, all invoices must be paid in full in accordance with the
terms of sale. Failure to pay invoices when due may result in the interruption
and/or cancellation of your one (1) year limited warranty and/or any other
warranty, expressed or implied.
3. All warranty service must be made by the Roper Scientific factory or, at our option,
an authorized service center.
4. Before products or parts can be returned for service you must contact the Roper
Scientific factory and receive a return authorization number (RMA). Products or
parts returned for service without a return authorization evidenced by an RMA
will be sent back freight collect.
5. These warranties are effective only if purchased from the Roper Scientific
factory or one of our authorized manufacturer's representatives or distributors.
6. Unless specified in the original purchase agreement, Roper Scientific is not
responsible for installation, setup, or disassembly at the customer’s location.
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NTE/CCD Detector Manual
Version 2.A
7. Warranties extend only to defects in materials or workmanship as limited above
and do not extend to any product or part which has:
•
•
been lost or discarded by you;
been damaged as a result of misuse, improper installation, faulty or
inadequate maintenance or failure to follow instructions furnished by us;
•
•
•
had serial numbers removed, altered, defaced, or rendered illegible;
been subjected to improper or unauthorized repair; or
been damaged due to fire, flood, radiation, or other “acts of God” or other
contingencies beyond the control of Roper Scientific.
8. After the warranty period has expired, you may contact the Roper Scientific
factory or a Roper Scientific-authorized representative for repair information
and/or extended warranty plans.
9. Physically damaged units or units that have been modified are not acceptable for
repair in or out of warranty and will be returned as received.
10. All warranties implied by state law or non-U.S. laws, including the implied
warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, are expressly
limited to the duration of the limited warranties set forth above. With the
exception of any warranties implied by state law or non-U.S. laws, as hereby
limited, the forgoing warranty is exclusive and in lieu of all other warranties,
guarantees, agreements, and similar obligations of manufacturer or seller with
respect to the repair or replacement of any parts. In no event shall Roper
Scientific’s liability exceed the cost of the repair or replacement of the defective
product or part.
11. This limited warranty gives you specific legal rights and you may also have other
rights that may vary from state to state and from country to country. Some states
and countries do not allow limitations on how long an implied warranty lasts,
when an action may be brought, or the exclusion or limitation of incidental or
consequential damages, so the above provisions may not apply to you.
12. When contacting us for technical support or service assistance, please refer to the
Roper Scientific factory of purchase, contact your authorized Roper Scientific
representative or reseller, or visit our technical support page at
Contact Information
Roper Scientific's manufacturing facility for this product is located at the following
address:
Roper Scientific
3660 Quakerbridge Road
Trenton, NJ 08619 (USA)
Tel: 609-587-9797
Fax: 609-587-1970
Technical Support E-mail: [email protected]
For technical support and service outside the United States, see our web page at
www.roperscientific.com. An up-to-date list of addresses, telephone numbers, and e-mail
addresses of Roper Scientific's overseas offices and representatives is maintained on the
web page.
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Index
Accessories
Environmental conditions, 39
F mount
alignment of, 22
Aperture, 16
port selection, 30
F number, 16
Fluorescent probe, 27
F-mount
Background DC level, 33
Baseline signal, 33
Binning
along columns, 13
along rows, 13
Bottom Clamps, 28
table of, 29
assembly of, 30
lens installation/removal, 15
operation with microscope bottom port,
29
Calibration
suitable light sources, 21
Cautions
baseline signal shift, 34
IR contamination, 31
scintillator & UV, 33
CCD
perpendicular mode operation, 12
square format, 13
Cleaning, 37
support recommendations, 30
Focusing, 21
imaging systems, 25
microscope, 25
Focusing and Alignment, 21
Gain
setting criteria, 12
Humidity
excessive in vacuum enclosure, 34
Imaging applications, 15
Imaging systems
field of view, 24
focusing, 25
Cleaning optical surfaces, 37
C-mount, 28
adapters, 16
assembly, 28
IR
lens installation/removal, 16
support recommendations, 28
Cold finger, 9
CCD sensitivity to, 31
IR blockers, 31
Lens
Contact information, 50
Cooler switch, 17
Cooling and vacuum, 18
Cooling block, 17
Dark charge pattern, 33
Detector
aperture, 16
mounting, 16
removal
, 16
Light throughput, 27
Live cell fluorescence microscopy, 27
Maintenance, 37
Type 1, 14
Microscope
detector cable, 11
Detectors
mounting, 28
C-mount, 28
focusing and alignment, 21
rotation of, 22
F-mount, 28
Microscopy
Diagnostic Instruments Bottom Clamp, 28
Diagnostic Instruments Relay Lens, 28
Diode
arc lamp EMF spike damage warning, 31
focusing, 29
IR blockers, 31
thermal sensing, 17
Drawings, dimensioned, 41
EMF spike, 31
light throughput, 27
parfocality, 29
Xenon or Hg lamp EMF spike, 31
Microscopy applications, 27
Mounting
Enclosures
CCD, 9
electronics, 9
microscope, 28
heat-removal block and coolant, 9
Entrance slit, 12
C-mount, 28
F-mount, 28
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52
NTE/CCD Detector Manual
Version 2.A
NTE/CCD
connecting the lens, 15
Spectrometers (cont.)
Chromex 250IS, 13
ISA HR320, 13
enclosures, 9
setup, 11
ISA HR640, 13
temperature range, 17
Optical path, 12
Spectroscopic applications, 12
Switches
Outline drawings, 41
Overexposure, 16
Overexposure protection, 15
Parfocality, 29
power supply, 11
Technical support, 50
temp knob, 17
Temperature
Peltier effect, 17
Photodamage, 27
Power supply switches, 11
Quantum Efficiency (QE), 27
Readout pattern
subtraction of, 33
Relay Lens, 28
Safety related symbols used in manual, 7
Setup
problems, 18
setting
ST-133 controller, 17
ST-138 controller, 17
thermal cutout switch, 19
Temperature control
effect of vacuum deterioration, 18
Theory of operation, 12
Thermal cutout switch, 19
Thermoelectric cooler, 17
Thermoelectric cooloer, 9
Transmission efficiency, 27
Trinocular output port, 29
Type 1 detector, 14
cable connections, 11
power supply switches, 11
Shutter
25 mm, 36
drive selector, 35
entrance slit
Vacuum deterioration, 18
Warnings
type of, 14
lifetime, 35
cleaning, 37
overheating, 36
shutter connect or disconnect under
power, 35
shutter drive setting, 35
Xenon and Hg arc lamps, 31
Warranties
photodamage minimization, 27
replacement of, 35
signs of failure, 35
stand alone, 14
image intensifier detector, 48
one year, 47
one year on refurbished/discontinued
products, 47
thermal interlock, 36
Slide-lock latch, 11
Spectrometer
CP-200, 14
owner's manual and troubleshooting, 49
sealed chamber, 48
shutter, 47
deep focal plane adapters, 13
exit plane, 14
HR-250, 14
software, 49
Spectrometers
vacuum integrity, 48
VersArray (XP) vacuum chamber, 48
x-ray detector, 48
Acton, 13
your responsibility, 49
Wavelength axis, 12
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