Princeton Pet Care Product 4411 0097 User Manual
4411-0097  
Version 4.C  
December 17, 2013  
*4411-0097*  
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Table of Contents  
Chapter 1 Introduction.........................................................................................9  
Description.......................................................................................................................... 9  
Design................................................................................................................................. 9  
Grounding and Safety......................................................................................................... 9  
Precautions........................................................................................................................ 10  
Cleaning............................................................................................................................ 11  
Repairs.............................................................................................................................. 11  
Manual Overview ............................................................................................................. 11  
Chapter 2 System Component Descriptions ...................................................13  
PI-MTE Camera................................................................................................................ 13  
ST-133 Controller............................................................................................................. 13  
Cables ............................................................................................................................... 16  
Interface Card ................................................................................................................... 17  
Vacuum Port Adapter ....................................................................................................... 17  
Application Software........................................................................................................ 18  
User Manuals.................................................................................................................... 18  
Optional Components ....................................................................................................... 18  
Chapter 3 Installation Overview........................................................................19  
Chapter 4 System Setup ....................................................................................21  
Unpacking the System ...................................................................................................... 21  
Checking the Equipment and Parts Inventory .................................................................. 21  
System Requirements ....................................................................................................... 22  
Environmental ............................................................................................................ 22  
Ventilation.................................................................................................................. 22  
Coolant ....................................................................................................................... 22  
Power.......................................................................................................................... 23  
Host Computer ........................................................................................................... 23  
Verifying Controller Voltage Setting ............................................................................... 24  
Installing the WinView/32 Application Software ............................................................ 25  
Setting up the Communication Interface .......................................................................... 25  
Setting up a PCI Interface .......................................................................................... 25  
Setting up a USB 2.0 Interface................................................................................... 27  
Connecting the Interface (Controller-Computer) Cable................................................... 30  
TAXI® Cable (6050-0148-CE) .................................................................................... 30  
USB 2.0 Cable (6050-0494)....................................................................................... 30  
Connecting the Detector-Controller Cable....................................................................... 30  
Non-Vacuum .............................................................................................................. 30  
Vacuum ...................................................................................................................... 31  
Entering the Default Camera System Parameters into WinView..................................... 32  
Making the Coolant Connections ..................................................................................... 33  
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PI-MTE System Manual  
Version 4.C  
Chapter 5 Operation...........................................................................................35  
Introduction....................................................................................................................... 35  
System On/Off Sequences ................................................................................................ 37  
First Light ......................................................................................................................... 37  
Assumptions............................................................................................................... 37  
Cabling ....................................................................................................................... 37  
Getting Started ........................................................................................................... 38  
Setting the Parameters................................................................................................ 38  
Acquiring Data........................................................................................................... 39  
Powering Down Procedure......................................................................................... 40  
Cooling ............................................................................................................................. 41  
Introduction................................................................................................................ 41  
Condensation.............................................................................................................. 41  
Exposure and Signal ......................................................................................................... 42  
Introduction................................................................................................................ 42  
CCD Array Architecture ............................................................................................ 42  
Exposure Time ........................................................................................................... 43  
Temperature Control .................................................................................................. 43  
Dark Charge ............................................................................................................... 44  
Saturation ................................................................................................................... 45  
Clean Cycles............................................................................................................... 45  
Continuous Cleans ..................................................................................................... 46  
Readout............................................................................................................................. 46  
Introduction................................................................................................................ 46  
Full Frame Readout.................................................................................................... 46  
Binning....................................................................................................................... 47  
Hardware Binning................................................................................................ 47  
Software Binning................................................................................................. 48  
Background Subtraction............................................................................................. 49  
Digitization ....................................................................................................................... 49  
Introduction................................................................................................................ 49  
Digitization Rate ........................................................................................................ 49  
ADC Offset ................................................................................................................ 50  
Chapter 6 Advanced Topics..............................................................................51  
Introduction....................................................................................................................... 51  
Standard Timing Modes ................................................................................................... 51  
Free Run..................................................................................................................... 52  
External Sync ............................................................................................................. 53  
External Sync with Continuous Cleans...................................................................... 55  
Fast and Safe Modes......................................................................................................... 56  
TTL Control...................................................................................................................... 58  
Introduction................................................................................................................ 58  
TTL In ........................................................................................................................ 58  
Buffered vs. Latched Inputs ....................................................................................... 59  
TTL Out ..................................................................................................................... 59  
TTL Diagnostics Screen............................................................................................. 60  
Hardware Interface..................................................................................................... 60  
Example ............................................................................................................... 61  
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Table of Contents  
v
Chapter 7 Troubleshooting................................................................................63  
Introduction....................................................................................................................... 63  
Baseline Signal Suddenly Changes .................................................................................. 64  
Camera1 (or similar name) on Hardware Setup dialog box ............................................. 64  
Changing the ST-133 Line Voltage and Fuses................................................................. 65  
Controller Is Not Responding........................................................................................... 67  
Cooling Troubleshooting.................................................................................................. 67  
Camera does not achieve temperature lock................................................................ 67  
Out-of-Vacuum Operation Cooling and Internal Vacuum Level............................... 67  
Camera loses temperature lock .................................................................................. 68  
Data Loss or Serial Violation ........................................................................................... 69  
Data Overrun Due to Hardware Conflict.......................................................................... 69  
Data Overrun Occurred..................................................................................................... 70  
Error Creating Controller message ................................................................................... 70  
Error Occurs at Computer Powerup ................................................................................. 71  
Program Error ................................................................................................................... 73  
Removing/Installing a Plug-In Module............................................................................. 74  
Securing the Detector-Controller Cable Slide Latch........................................................ 76  
Serial violations have occurred. Check interface cable.................................................... 77  
Appendix A Specifications................................................................................79  
PI-MTE Camera................................................................................................................ 79  
CCD Arrays................................................................................................................ 79  
Environmental ............................................................................................................ 80  
Power.......................................................................................................................... 80  
Cooling....................................................................................................................... 80  
ST-133 .............................................................................................................................. 80  
Appendix B Outline Drawings...........................................................................83  
Appendix C VCR and Swagelok Fittings..........................................................87  
VCR® Fittings................................................................................................................... 87  
Installation.................................................................................................................. 87  
Gasket Replacement................................................................................................... 88  
Swaglok® Fittings ............................................................................................................. 88  
Installation.................................................................................................................. 88  
High Pressure Applications or High-Safety-Factor Systems ..................................... 89  
Retightening Instruction............................................................................................. 89  
Appendix D Visible <-> Open Nose Change Instructions...............................91  
Introduction....................................................................................................................... 91  
Replacing the Visible Nose with the Open Nose ............................................................. 91  
Replacing the Open Nose with the Visible Nose ............................................................. 93  
Appendix E USB 2.0 Limitations.......................................................................95  
Declaration of Conformity .................................................................................97  
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Warranty & Service.............................................................................................99  
Limited Warranty: ............................................................................................................ 99  
Basic Limited One (1) Year Warranty....................................................................... 99  
Limited One (1) Year Warranty on Refurbished or Discontinued Products.............. 99  
XP Vacuum Chamber Limited Lifetime Warranty.................................................... 99  
Sealed Chamber Integrity Limited 12 Month Warranty .......................................... 100  
Vacuum Integrity Limited 12 Month Warranty ....................................................... 100  
Image Intensifier Detector Limited One Year Warranty ......................................... 100  
X-Ray Detector Limited One Year Warranty .......................................................... 100  
Software Limited Warranty...................................................................................... 100  
Owner's Manual and Troubleshooting ..................................................................... 101  
Your Responsibility ................................................................................................. 101  
Contact Information........................................................................................................ 102  
Index..................................................................................................................103  
Figures  
Figure 1. PI-MTE Camera ................................................................................................. 9  
Figure 2. Power Switch Location (ST-133A and ST-133B) ........................................... 14  
Figure 3. PI-MTE System Diagram................................................................................. 20  
Figure 4. Controller Power Module................................................................................. 24  
Figure 5. WinView/32 Installation: Select Installation Type dialog.............................. 25  
Figure 6. Camera Detection Wizard - Welcome dialog................................................... 32  
Figure 7. Coolant Ports.................................................................................................... 33  
Figure 8. Block Diagram of Signal Path in System......................................................... 36  
Figure 9. Example of WinView Data Acquired from First Light Procedure .................. 40  
Figure 10. Clean Cycles in Freerun Operation................................................................ 45  
Figure 11. Array Terms for a CCD with a Single Output Amplifier............................... 46  
Figure 12. Full Frame at Full Resolution ........................................................................ 47  
Figure 13. 2 × 2 Binning for Images................................................................................ 48  
Figure 14. Timing tab page.............................................................................................. 51  
Figure 15. Free Run Timing Chart, Part of the Chart in Figure 21 ................................. 52  
Figure 16. Free Run Timing Diagram ............................................................................. 53  
Figure 17. Chart Showing Two External Sync Timing Options ..................................... 54  
Figure 18. Timing Diagram for External Sync Mode (- edge trigger)............................. 54  
Figure 19. Continuous Cleans Operation Flowchart ....................................................... 55  
Figure 20. Continuous Cleans Timing Diagram (- edge trigger)..................................... 56  
Figure 21. Chart of Safe Mode and Fast Mode Operation .............................................. 57  
Figure 22. TTL In/Out Connector ................................................................................... 60  
Figure 23. TTL Diagnostics dialog box........................................................................... 60  
Figure 24. Camera1 in Controller Type (Camera Name) Field....................................... 64  
Figure 25. Power Module ................................................................................................ 66  
Figure 26. Voltage Selector Drum................................................................................... 66  
Figure 27. Fuse Holder .................................................................................................... 66  
Figure 28. Data Overrun Due to Hardware Conflict dialog box ..................................... 69  
Figure 29. Error Creating Controller dialog box ............................................................. 70  
Figure 30. Program Error dialog box............................................................................... 73  
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Table of Contents  
vii  
Figure 31. Module Installation ........................................................................................ 74  
Figure 32. Serial Violations Have Occurred dialog box ................................................. 77  
Figure 33. PI-MTE Camera (3-01-06 and later) .............................................................. 83  
Figure 34. PI-MTE Camera (8-01-05 and later) .............................................................. 84  
Figure 35. PI-MTE Camera (8-01-05 and earlier)........................................................... 85  
Figure 36. ST-133A Controller........................................................................................ 86  
Figure 37. ST-133B Controller........................................................................................ 86  
Figure 38. VCR Fittings .................................................................................................. 87  
Tables  
Table 1. PCI Driver Files and Locations ......................................................................... 26  
Table 2. USB Driver Files and Locations........................................................................ 29  
Table 3. Camera Timing Modes ...................................................................................... 51  
Table 4. Bit Values with Decimal Equivalents: 1 = High, 0 = Low............................... 59  
Table 5. TTL In/Out Connector Pinout ........................................................................... 60  
Table 6. Fuse Ratings ....................................................................................................... 65  
Table 7. I/O Address & Interrupt Assignments before Installing Serial Card................. 71  
Table 8. I/O Address & Interrupt Assignment after Installing Serial Card..................... 72  
Table 9. Features Supported under USB 2.0 (continued on next page) .......................... 95  
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Chapter 1  
Introduction  
Description  
The PI-MTE camera is ideally suited for  
operation inside a vacuum chamber. State-  
of-the-art CCD arrays are available for the  
PI-MTE camera that enable outstanding  
performance in a wide range of X-ray  
Imaging and Spectroscopy applications.  
The PI-MTE camera is also suitable for  
medium-low light applications that require  
small size or steel case ruggedness.  
Figure 1. PI-MTE Camera  
Design  
PI-MTE cameras have three distinct sections. The front enclosure contains the CCD  
array seated on a cold finger. This finger is in turn seated on a two-stage Peltier  
thermoelectric cooler. The middle enclosure contains the heat exchanger. The rear  
enclosure contains the preamplifier and array driver boards. This keeps all signal leads to  
the preamplifier as short as possible, and also provides RF shielding.  
Grounding and Safety  
The ST-133 Controller that controls the PI-MTE camera is of Class I category as defined  
in IEC Publication 348 (Safety Requirements for Electronic Measuring Apparatus). It is  
designed for indoor operation only. Before turning on the controller, the ground prong of  
the power cord plug must be properly connected to the ground connector of the wall  
outlet. The wall outlet must have a third prong, or must be properly connected to an  
adapter that complies with these safety requirements.  
WARNING!  
WARNING!  
If the equipment is damaged, the protective grounding could be disconnected. Do not use  
damaged equipment until its safety has been verified by authorized personnel.  
Disconnecting the protective earth terminal, inside or outside the apparatus, or any  
tampering with its operation is also prohibited.  
If the PI-MTE camera system is used in a manner not specified by Princeton Instruments,  
the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired.  
9
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PI-MTE System Manual  
Version 4.C  
Inspect the supplied power cord. If it is not compatible with the power socket, replace the  
cord with one that has suitable connectors on both ends.  
WARNING!  
Replacement power cords or power plugs must have the same polarity and power rating  
as that of the original ones to avoid hazard due to electrical shock.  
Precautions  
To prevent permanently damaging the system, please observe the following precautions:  
Do not mix and match ST-133 Controllers and cameras. The controller shipped  
with your camera has been modified to operate with the camera included in the  
PI-MTE system you ordered. The "System ID" number on the camera and the  
controller serial labels must be the same.  
Always switch off and unplug the ST-133 Controller before changing your  
system configuration in any way.  
The CCD array is very sensitive to static electricity. Touching the CCD can  
destroy it. Operations requiring contact with the device can only be performed at  
the factory.  
If you are using high-voltage equipment (such as an arc lamp) with your camera  
system, be sure to turn the controller power ON LAST and turn the controller  
power OFF FIRST.  
Use caution when triggering high-current switching devices (such as an arc  
lamp) near your system. The CCD can be permanently damaged by transient  
voltage spikes. If electrically noisy devices are present, an isolated, conditioned  
power line or dedicated isolation transformer is highly recommended.  
Never connect or disconnect any cable while the system is powered on.  
Reconnecting a charged cable may damage the CCD.  
Never prevent the free flow of air through the Model ST-133 by blocking the air  
vents.  
Never operate a liquid-assisted PI-MTE camera with coolant at a temperature  
below that specified for it.  
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Chapter 1  
Introduction  
11  
Cleaning  
Turn off all power to the equipment and secure all covers before cleaning the units.  
Otherwise, damage to the equipment or personal injury could occur.  
Normally, PI-MTE cameras operated in vacuum will remain clean by virtue of the  
vacuum. Periodic cleaning of the controller is encouraged in accordance with the  
controller manual.  
Although there is no periodic maintenance that must be performed on the PI-MTE  
camera, users of a non-vacuum camera are advised to wipe it down with a clean damp  
cloth from time to time. This operation should only be done on the external surfaces and  
with all covers secured. In dampening the cloth, use clean water only. No soap, solvents  
or abrasives should be used. Not only are they not required, but they could damage the  
finish of the surfaces on which they are used.  
Note: Some discoloration of the copper portions of the camera may occur. This is  
normal and has no effect on operation.  
Repairs  
Save the original packing materials. Because the PI-MTE camera system contains no  
user-serviceable parts, repairs must be done by Princeton Instruments. Should your  
system need repair, contact Princeton Instruments Customer Support for instructions  
(telephone, e-mail, and address information are provided on page 102 of this manual).  
Use the original packing materials whenever shipping the system or system components.  
Manual Overview  
This manual provides the user with all the information needed to install a PI-MTE  
camera and place it in operation. Topics covered include a detailed description of the  
camera, installation, cleaning, specifications and more.  
Notes:  
1. The general identifier "ST-133" is used for both the ST-133A Controller and the  
ST-133B Controller. Where there is a difference, the specific identifier is used.  
2. "WinX" is a generic term for WinView, WinSpec, and WinXTest application  
software.  
Chapter 1, Introduction provides general information about the PI-MTE camera  
system including information about precautions, cleaning, repairs, and the  
manual structure.  
Chapter 2, System Component Descriptions provides information about the  
camera, controller, interface card, cables and application software.  
Chapter 3, Installation Overview provides directions for setting up the system  
components.  
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PI-MTE System Manual  
Version 4.C  
Chapter 4, System Setup provides detailed directions for setting up a PI-MTE  
camera for imaging applications.  
Chapter 5, Operation discusses baseline signal and noise, setting and maintaining  
temperature control, and verifying camera operation.  
Chapter 6, Advanced Topics discusses standard timing modes (Free Run,  
External Sync, and Continuous Cleans), Fast and Safe triggering modes, and  
TTL control.  
Chapter 7, Troubleshooting provides courses of action to take if you should  
have problems with your system.  
Appendix A, Specifications includes camera specifications.  
Appendix B, Outline Drawings includes outline drawings of the PI-MTE camera  
and the ST-133A and ST-133B Controllers.  
Appendix C, VCR and Swagelok Fittings includes instructions for assembling  
VCR® and Swagelok® tube fittings.  
Appendix D, Visible <-> Open Nose Change Instructions includes  
instructions for changing the PI-MTE nose from its visible nose (with test lens)  
to its open nose configuration and vice versa.  
Appendix E, USB 2.0 Limitations covers the currently known limitations  
associated with operating under the USB 2.0 interface.  
Declaration of Conformity is the Declaration of Conformity for MTE2 Camera  
Head with ST-133 Controller (i.e., PI-MTE system).  
Warranty and Service details the limited warranties for Princeton Instruments  
equipment and software.  
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Chapter 2  
System Component Descriptions  
PI-MTE Camera  
CCD Arrays: The PI-MTE:1300B and PI-MTE:2048B incorporate a back-illuminated  
CCD without AR coating for very low-energy x-ray detection. With 20×20-micron  
(1300B) or 13.5×13.5-micron (2048B) pixels and 100% fill factor, these systems offer a  
large imaging area with very high spatial resolution and dynamic range.  
Cooling: Dark current is significantly reduced in PI-MTE camera systems through  
liquid-assisted Thermo-electric (TE) cooling of the CCD array.  
Peltier: An internal Peltier device directly cools the cold finger on which the CCD is  
mounted. The heat produced by the Peltier device is then removed by conduction to  
the internal heatsink. Heat is transferred out of the camera by the flow of coolant  
through the heatsink.  
Coolant Ports: Two 1/4" coolant ports are located at the rear of the camera.  
Connection to a vacuum flange is via VCR fittings (or Swagelok fittings) and  
stainless steel, flexible hoses. Instructions for setting up coolant flow are provided on  
page 32.  
Controller Connector: Power, control signals, and data are transmitted between the  
ST-133 and the PI-MTE camera via the 25-pin D connector located on the rear of the  
camera. Controller power must be OFF before connecting to or disconnecting from  
this connector or to the equivalent connector on a vacuum flange.  
ST-133 Controller  
Electronics: The ST-133 controller is a compact, high performance CCD Detector  
Controller for operation with Princeton Instruments brand* detectors. Designed for high  
speed and high performance image acquisition, the ST-133 offers data transfer at speeds  
up to 1 megapixel per second, standard video output for focusing and alignment. A  
variety of A/D converters are available to meet different speed and resolution  
requirements.  
In addition to containing the power supply, the controller contains the analog and digital  
electronics, scan control and exposure timing hardware, and controller I/O connectors,  
all mounted on user-accessible plug-in modules. This highly modularized design gives  
flexibility and allows for convenient servicing.  
*
The ST-133 controller must be factory configured for operation with a TE-cooled camera. For  
this reason, a controller purchased for operation with a TE-cooled camera can only be used with  
TE-cooled camera. It cannot be used to control an LN-cooled camera.  
13  
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14  
PI-MTE System Manual  
Version 4.C  
POWER Switch and Indicator: The power  
switch location and characteristics depend on the  
version of ST-133 Controller that was shipped  
with your system. In some versions, the power  
switch, located on the front panel as shown in  
Figure 2, has an integral indicator LED that lights  
whenever the ST-133 is powered. In other  
versions, the power switch is located on the back  
of the ST-133 and does not include an indicator  
LED.  
Rear Panel Connectors: There are three  
controller board slots. Two are occupied by the  
plug-in cards that provide various controller  
Figure 2. Power Switch Location  
(ST-133A and ST-133B)  
functions. The third, covered with a blank panel, is reserved for future development. The  
left-most plug-in card is the Analog/Control module. Adjacent to it is the Interface  
Control module. Both modules align with top and bottom tracks and mate with a passive  
back-plane via a 64-pin DIN connector. For proper operation, the location of the modules  
should not be changed. Each board is secured by two screws that also ground each  
module’s front panel. The connectors and functions located on the rear panel are further  
are described on the following page. Removing and inserting boards is described in  
Chapter 7, page 74.  
WARNING!  
To minimize the risk of equipment damage, a module should never be removed or  
installed when the system is powered.  
The Analog/Control Module, which must always be located in the left-most slot,  
provides the following functions.  
Pixel A/D conversion  
CCD scan control  
Exposure control  
Timing and synchronization of readouts  
Temperature control  
Video output control  
The Interface Control Module, which must always be located in the center slot,  
provides the following functions.  
TTL In/Out Programmable Interface  
Communications Control (TAXI or USB 2.0 protocol)  
WARNING!  
Always turn the power off at the Controller before connecting or disconnecting any cable  
that interconnects the camera and controller or serious damage to the CCD may result.  
This damage is NOT covered by the manufacturer’s warranty.  
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Chapter 2  
System Component Descriptions  
15  
Rear Panel Features: The rear panel connector descriptions are keyed to the  
accompanying figure. The Fuse/Voltage label will be above or below the Power Module.  
#
Feature  
1
Temperature Lock LED: Indicates that  
the temperature control loop has locked  
and that the temperature of the CCD  
array will be stable to within 0.05C.  
TTL IN/OUT  
TEMP  
LOCK  
VIDEO  
USB 2.0  
EXT SYNC  
SCAN  
SHUTTER CONTROL  
2
3
Video/Aux Output: If labeled Video,  
composite video output is provided at this  
connector. The amplitude is 1 V pk-pk and  
the source impedance is 75 . Note that  
video output is not currently supported  
under USB 2.0. If labeled Aux, this output  
is reserved for future use.  
READY  
AUX  
REMOTE SETTING  
50-60Hz  
AUX  
TTL  
IN/OUT  
F
FUSES:  
LEFT: RIGHT:  
ZERO  
100 - 120V  
~
0.75-AT 2.50A-T  
S
220 - 240 V ~ 0.30-AT 1.25A- T  
SERIAL COM  
120Vac  
External Sync Input: TTL input that has  
a 10 kpullup resistor. Allows data  
acquisition and readout to be  
DETECTOR  
synchronized with external events.  
Through software, positive or negative  
(default) triggering can be selected.  
USB 2.0  
TAXI  
Interface Control Module  
4
5
10  
11  
Serial COM Connector: Provides two-way  
serial communication between the controller  
and the host computer. Uses TAXI protocol.  
Output: WinView/32 (ver. 2.4 and  
higher) software selectable NOT SCAN or  
SHUTTER signal. Default is SHUTTER.  
Output: Initially HIGH. After a  
Start Acquisition command, this output  
changes state on completion of the array  
cleaning cycles that precede the first  
exposure. Initially high, it goes low to  
mark the beginning of the first exposure.  
In free run operation it remains low until  
the system is halted. If a specific number  
of frames have been programmed, it  
remains low until all have been taken,  
then returns high.  
Fan: Cools the controller electronics.  
Runs continuously when the controller is  
turned on.  
12  
13  
Shutter Setting Selector: Sets the shutter  
drive voltage. Dial is correctly set at the  
factory for the camera’s internal shutter if  
one is present.  
6
Zero Adjustment: Bias potentiometers  
control the offset values of the Fast (F) and  
Slow (S) A/D converters. Preadjusted at  
factory. For 2 MHz controllers, baseline  
offset values are set at the factory and are  
not user-changeable.  
Remote Shutter Connector: Provides  
shutter-drive pulses for an external shutter.  
An ST-133 with the 70 V shutter option is  
required for a camera with the 40 mm  
shutter. A 70 V OPT label will be next to the  
Remote connector when this option is  
installed.  
CAUTION: Do not adjust the offset  
values to zero, or some low-level data  
will be missed.  
7
14  
Detector Connector: Transmits control  
information to the camera and receives  
data back from the camera via the  
Detector-Controller cable.  
Power Module: Contains the power cord  
socket and two fuses. Depending on the  
ST-133 version, the power switch may be  
located directly above the power module.  
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PI-MTE System Manual  
Version 4.C  
#
Feature  
#
Feature  
8
15  
TTL In/Out: User-programmable  
interface with eight input bits and eight  
output bits that can be written to or  
polled for additional control or  
functionality. Refer to "TTL Control",  
page 58.  
Fuse/Voltage Label: Displays the  
controller’s power and fuse requirements.  
This label may appear below the power  
module.  
9
16  
AUX Output: Reserved for future use.  
USB 2.0 Connector: Provides two-way  
serial communication between the controller  
and the host computer. Uses USB 2.0  
protocol.  
Cables  
Vacuum-Compatible Camera-Vacuum Cable: This 1-meter cable has  
DB-25 connectors that interconnect the DB-25 connector on the back of the camera  
and a 25-pin D connector on a compatible vacuum flange. Available in Kapton®  
flat cable (6050-0467) or in low vacuum cable with braided sleeve (6050-0475).  
The low vacuum cable is also available in 1.5 meter and 2 meter lengths.  
Detector-Controller: (6050-0526) 50 kHz/2 MHz systems: The standard 3'  
cable has DB-25 connectors (one with slide-latch locking hardware to secure at the  
controller and the other with screws for securing to a vacuum flange). This cable  
interconnects the Detector connector on the rear of the ST-133 and the DB-25  
connector on a compatible vacuum flange.  
Detector-Controller: (6050-0483) 100 kHz/1 MHz systems: The standard 6'  
cable has DB-25 connectors (one with slide-latch locking hardware to secure at the  
controller and the other with screws for securing to a vacuum flange). This cable  
interconnects the Detector connector on the rear of the ST-133 and the DB-25  
connector on a compatible vacuum flange.  
Note: If the PI-MTE camera is being operated out-of-vacuum (i.e., with the visible  
nose, containing a quartz window, mounted to the front of the camera for operation in a  
non-vacuum environment), an optional 10' cable (6050-0321), with slide latches at both  
ends, is available to directly interconnect the PI-MTE camera and the ST-133. Detector-  
Controller. Cables 15' and 20' long are also available for out-of-vacuum operation.  
Interface Cable: Depending on the system configuration, either a USB or a TAXI  
cable will be shipped.  
TAXI: The standard 25' (7.6 m) cable (6050-0148-CE) has DB-9 Male  
connectors with screw-down locking hardware. The TAXI (Serial  
communication) cable interconnects the "Serial Com" connector on the rear of the  
ST-133 with the Princeton Instruments (RSPI) high speed PCI card installed in the  
host computer. In addition to the standard length, this cable is available in 10', 50',  
100', and 165' lengths. Also available are fiber optic adapters with fiber optic  
cables in 100, 300, and 1000 meter lengths.  
USB 2.0: The standard 16.4' (5 m) cable (6050-0494) has USB connectors  
that interconnect the "USB 2.0" connector on the rear of the ST-133 with a  
USB card installed in the host computer.  
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Chapter 2  
System Component Descriptions  
17  
Vacuum Compatible Flexible Tubing: The stainless-steel vacuum-compatible  
¼″-OD, 36″-long flexible tubing (2825-0449) interconnects between the camera  
water tubings and the vacuum feed through a 2 ¾″ ConFlat flange.  
Vacuum Compatible Camera Flanges: The 2 ¾″ ConFlat flange with two  
pipes (¼″ OD) and VCR fittings (2825-0562) (or with Swagelok fittings  
(2825-0447) for earlier systems) and the 4 ½″ ConFlat flange with 25-pin D-sub  
connector (2825-0448) are included with the system.  
Interface Card  
PCI Card: The Princeton Instruments (RSPI) high speed PCI card is required when  
the system interface uses the TAXI protocol rather than USB 2.0. The PCI card plugs-  
into the host computer's motherboard and provides the serial communication interface  
between the host computer and the ST-133. Through WinView/32, the card can be  
used in either High Speed PCI or PCI (Timer) mode. High Speed PCI allows data  
transfer to be interrupt-driven and can give higher performance in some situations. PCI  
(Timer) allows data transfer to be controlled by a polling timer.  
USB 2.0 Card: This interface card is required when the system interface uses the  
USB 2.0 protocol rather the TAXI protocol and the computer does not have native  
USB 2.0 support. The USB 2.0 card plugs-into the host computer's motherboard and  
provides the communication interface between the host computer and the ST-133.  
The USB 2.0 PCI card (70USB90011) by Orange Micro is recommended for desktop  
computers; the SIIG, Inc. USB 2.0 PC Card, Model US2246 is recommended for  
laptop computers. Refer to www.orangemicro.com or www.siig.com, respectively,  
for more information.  
Vacuum Port Adapter  
The Vacuum Port Adapter (2518-0943) with O-ring screws into the vacuum port on  
the side of the PI-MTE. This allows you to connect the camera (with visible nose) to  
a vacuum pump and pump it down to at least 1 mTorr before using the camera in a  
non-vacuum environment.  
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18  
PI-MTE System Manual  
Version 4.C  
Application Software  
The Princeton Instruments WinView/32 software package provides comprehensive  
image acquisition, display, processing, and archiving functions so you can perform  
complete data acquisition and analysis without having to rely upon third-party software.  
WinView/32 provides reliable control over most Princeton Instruments cameras,  
regardless of array format and architecture, via an exclusive universal  
programming interface (PVCAM®). WinView/32 also features snap-ins and macro  
record functions to permit easy user customization of any function or sequence.  
PVCAM is the standard software interface for cooled CCD cameras from  
Princeton Instruments. It is a library of functions that can be used to control and  
acquire data from the camera when a custom application is being written. For  
example, in the case of Windows, PVCAM is a dynamic link library (DLL). Also,  
it should be understood that PVCAM is solely for camera control and image  
acquisition, not for image processing. PVCAM places acquired images into a  
buffer, where they can then be manipulated using either custom written code or by  
extensions to other commercially available image processing packages.  
Scientific Imaging ToolKit™ (SITK™) is a collection of LabVIEW® VIs for  
scientific cameras and spectrographs. This third party software can be purchased  
from Princeton Instruments.  
Note: Linux® drivers are also available.  
User Manuals  
PI-MTE System User Manual: This manual describes how to install and use  
the PI-MTE system components. The most up-to-date version of this manual and  
other Princeton Instruments manuals can be found and downloaded from  
ftp://ftp.princetoninstruments.com/Public/Manuals/Princeton Instruments. The  
most current versions of Acton manuals are located at  
ftp://ftp.princetoninstruments.com/Public/Manuals/Acton.  
WinView/32 User Manual: This manual describes how to install and use the  
application program. A PDF version of this manual is provided on the installation  
CD. Additional information is available in the program's on-line help.  
PVCAM Manual: This manual describes PVCAM parameters and ids and  
provides example code. Provided as PDF manual only.  
Optional Components  
ThermoCUBE with PI-MTE-compatible Hoses (PN 8243-0002): The  
ThermoCUBE is a compact liquid chiller that is designed for Princeton Instruments’  
Quad-RO and PI-MTE deep cooled cameras. ThermoCUBE, with a self-contained water  
reservoir that provides chilled liquid circulation for efficiently cooling the cameras, is  
ideal for applications that require vibration-free and/or thermally stable environments.  
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Chapter 3  
Installation Overview  
The list and diagrams below briefly describe the sequence of actions required to  
hookup your system and prepare to gather data. Refer to the indicated references  
for more information.  
WARNING  
At the first sign of condensation on the camera's inlet and/or outlet pipes, turn off the system.  
Damage to the camera as a result of condensation is not covered under warranty.  
Action  
Reference  
1. If the system components have not already been  
unpacked, unpack them and inspect their carton(s) and  
the system components for in-transit damage.  
Chapter 4, page 21  
2. Verify that all system components have been received.  
Chapter 4, page 21  
Chapter 4, page 24  
3. With the ST-133 turned OFF, verify that the  
appropriate line voltage and fuses have been installed in  
the ST-133 controller.  
4. If using WinView/32 software to control your system,  
install that software if it has not already been installed.  
Refer to the WinView/32  
manual.  
5. If the appropriate interface card is not already installed  
in the host computer, install it.  
Chapter 4, page 25  
Chapter 4, page 30  
6. With the computer and ST-133 both OFF, connect the  
interface cable (TAXI or USB) to the Controller and the  
interface card in the host computer. Then tighten down  
the locking hardware.  
7. The PI-MTE camera (designed for use in a vacuum) is  
shipped with a visible nose in place so you can initially  
set up the camera for operation outside of a vacuum  
chamber. The "First Light" procedure in Chapter 5 steps  
you through verification of the camera's operation while  
it is outside of the chamber. You can also practice using  
the software before changing the camera nose for  
vacuum chamber operation. Go to Step 9 for non-  
vacuum operation. Go to Step 8 to prepare the camera  
for vacuum operation.  
Chapter 5, page 37  
8. Skip this step for non-vacuum operation. If the camera is to Appendix D, page 91  
be operated in a vacuum chamber, first replace the visible  
nose with the open nose in a cleanroom environment.  
Then, mount the camera in the vacuum chamber.  
19  
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20  
PI-MTE System Manual  
Version 4.C  
Action  
Reference  
9. Make the tubing connections between the coolant  
circulator and the camera. If the camera is being  
operated in vacuum, additional tubing connections to  
the intermediate vacuum flange will be required.  
Chapter 4, page 32;  
Appendix C  
Non-Vacuum: Chapter 4,  
page 30  
10. With the ST-133 power turned OFF, connect the male  
end of the camera cable to the Detector port on the  
rear of the ST-133. Connect the female end of the cable  
to the connector on the vacuum flange (vacuum  
Chapter 7 Troubleshooting,  
page 76  
operation) or to the rear of the PI-MTE camera (non-  
vacuum operation). Secure both ends of the cable.  
11. If the camera is being operated in vacuum, the  
additional vacuum-compatible cable will be required.  
This cable is very fragile so handle it with care when  
mounting it to the vacuum flange and the back of the  
camera. Secure the cable at both ends.  
Vacuum Chamber: Chapter 4,  
page 31  
Chapter 7 Troubleshooting,  
page 76  
12. Skip this step for non-vacuum operation. Secure and  
evacuate the vacuum chamber.  
13. Turn on the ST-133.  
14. Turn on the computer and begin running the application Refer to the WinView/32  
software.  
manual.  
15. Enter the hardware setup information.  
Refer to the WinView/32  
manual.  
16. Turn on the coolant circulator. The recommended flow  
rate is 2 liters/minute.  
17. Set the target array temperature.  
Chapter 5, page 43  
18. When the system reaches temperature lock, begin  
acquiring data in focus mode.  
Figure 3. PI-MTE System Diagram  
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Chapter 4  
System Setup  
Unpacking the System  
During the unpacking, check the system components for possible signs of shipping  
damage. If there are any, notify Princeton Instruments and file a claim with the carrier. If  
damage is not apparent but camera or controller specifications cannot be achieved,  
internal damage may have occurred in shipment. Please save the original packing  
materials so you can safely ship the camera system to another location or return it to  
Princeton Instruments for repairs if necessary.  
Checking the Equipment and Parts Inventory  
Confirm that you have all of the equipment and parts required to set up the system. A  
complete PI-MTE system consists of:  
Camera: PI-MTE  
ST-133 Controller: Do not substitute any other controller for the controller supplied  
with your system. The "System ID" number on the controller and camera serial  
labels must match.  
Camera to Vacuum Flange cable: Vacuum-compatible DB25 to DB25, 3 ft.  
FRAGILE  
Vacuum Flange to Controller cable:  
100 kHz/1 MHz system: DB25 to DB25, 6 ft or  
50 kHz/2 MHz system: DB25 to DB25, 3 ft  
Power cable  
Vacuum Flange: 2 3/4" with two feed-through pipes with male VCR fittings (or  
Swagelok fittings for earlier systems).  
Vacuum Flange: 4 1/2" with DB25 connectors.  
Vacuum Open Nose  
Swagelok Fittings (for earlier systems)  
Flexible Hoses: Two 30" stainless steel flexible hoses used to connect camera  
coolant ports to vacuum flange. Hoses for more recent systems have female VCR  
fittings.  
Vacuum Port Adapter and O-ring  
Computer Interface Dependent Components:  
Controller-Computer Interface cable:  
TAXI cable: DB9 to DB9 cable (6050-0148-CE is standard) or  
USB cable: Five (5) meter cable (6050-0494) is standard.  
21  
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22  
PI-MTE System Manual  
Interface Card:  
Version 4.C  
TAXI: Princeton Instruments (RSPI) High Speed PCI Interface board or  
USB 2.0: Native on motherboard or user-provided USB 2.0 Interface Card  
(Orange Micro 70USB90011 USB2.0 PCI is recommended for desktop  
computers and the SIIG, Inc. USB 2.0 PC Card, Model US2246 is  
recommended for laptop computers).  
WinView/32 CD-ROM: This CD contains the WinView/32 imaging software and  
related manuals in PDF format.  
User Manuals: PI-MTE System and WinView/32 Imaging Software.  
Host Computer: Typically, the computer is user-supplied.  
Coolant Circulator: Not required by some systems. Typically, the coolant circulator  
and hoses are user-supplied.  
System Requirements  
Environmental  
Storage temperature: <55°C  
Operating environment: 5°C < T < 30°C  
Relative humidity: 50%; non-condensing (not applicable for open-nose)  
Ventilation  
ST-133: There is an internal fan located at the right side of the rear panel behind an  
exhaust opening. Its purpose is simply to cool the controller electronics. This  
fan runs continuously whenever the controller is powered. Air enters the unit  
through ventilation openings on the side panels, flows past the warm electronic  
components as it rises, and is drawn out the rear of the controller by the fan. It is  
important that there be an adequate airflow for proper functioning. As long as  
both the controller’s intake ventilation openings and the fan exhaust opening  
aren’t obstructed, the controller will remain quite cool.  
Coolant  
WARNING!  
COOLANT IS HARMFUL IF SWALLOWED.  
KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.  
A PI-MTE camera has been designed for heat removal via circulating coolant (50:50  
mixture of ethylene glycol and water) for proper operation.  
Flow Rate: 2 liters/minute. Users are advised to install a flow meter to monitor the rate.  
WARNING! If the flow rate is restricted or lower, then the camera can be damaged due to overheating  
or it may not reach temperature.  
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Chapter 4  
System Setup  
Fluid Pressure: 25 psig (maximum).  
23  
Inlet/Outlet Port Locations:  
VCR male fittings (or Swagelok fittings for earlier systems) and flexible stainless  
steel hoses are provided to make the hose connections between the camera and an  
intermediate vacuum flange. The ports are not interchangeable.  
Coolant Temperature: +10°C to +15°C, typical.  
If a lower temperature is set, there can be condensation on the external tubing or if the  
camera is being used outside of a vacuum chamber, condensation may occur on or inside  
the camera. Damage due to condensation may not be covered by the warranty.  
WARNING!  
Power  
Camera: The PI-MTE camera receives its power from the controller, which in turn  
plugs into a source of AC power.  
ST-133: The ST-133 Controller can operate from any one of four different nominal line  
voltages: 100, 120, 220, or 240 V AC. Refer to the Fuse/Voltage label on the  
back of the ST-133 for fuse, voltage, and power consumption information.  
The plug on the power cord supplied with the system should be compatible with  
the line-voltage outlets in common use in the region to which the system is  
shipped. If the power cord plug is incompatible, a compatible plug should be  
installed, taking care to maintain the proper polarity to protect the equipment and  
assure user safety.  
Host Computer  
Note: Computers and operating systems all undergo frequent revision. The following  
information is only intended to give an approximate indication of the computer  
requirements. Please contact the factory to determine your specific needs.  
Requirements for the host computer depend on the type of interface, TAXI or USB 2.0,  
that will be used for communication between the ST-133 and the host computer. Those  
requirements are listed below according to protocol.  
TAXI Protocol:  
PC with 200 MHz Pentium® II (or better).  
Windows® XP, Windows Vista® (32-bit), or Windows 7 (32-bit) operating  
system.  
Princeton Instruments (RSPI) High speed PCI serial card (or an unused PCI card  
slot). Computers purchased from Princeton Instruments are shipped with the  
PCI card installed if high speed PCI was ordered.  
Minimum of 32 Mbytes of RAM for CCDs up to 1.4 million pixels. Collecting  
multiple images or spectra at full frame or high speed may require 128 Mbytes or  
more of RAM.  
CD-ROM drive.  
Hard disk with a minimum of 80 Mbytes available. A complete installation of  
the program files takes about 17 Mbytes and the remainder is required for data  
storage, depending on the number and size of images or spectra collected. Disk  
level compression programs are not recommended.  
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24  
PI-MTE System Manual  
Version 4.C  
Super VGA monitor and graphics card supporting at least 256 colors with at least  
1 Mbyte of memory. Memory requirement is dependent on desired display  
resolution.  
Two-button Microsoft compatible serial mouse or Logitech three-button  
serial/bus mouse.  
USB 2.0 Protocol:  
PC with Pentium 3 or better processor and runs at 1 GHz or better.  
Windows® XP (with Service Pack 1), Windows Vista® (32-bit), or Windows 7  
(32-bit) operating system.  
Native USB 2.0 support on the motherboard or USB Interface Card (Orange  
Micro 70USB90011 USB2.0 PCI is recommended for desktop computers and the  
SIIG, Inc. USB 2.0 PC Card, Model US2246 is recommended for laptop  
computers).  
Minimum of 256 Mb of RAM.  
CD-ROM drive.  
Hard disk with a minimum of 80 Mbytes available. A complete installation of  
the program files takes about 17 Mbytes and the remainder is required for data  
storage, depending on the number and size of images or spectra collected. Disk  
level compression programs are not recommended.  
Super VGA monitor and graphics card supporting at least 256 colors with at  
least 1 Mbyte of memory. Memory requirement is dependent on desired display  
resolution.  
Two-button Microsoft compatible serial mouse or Logitech three-button  
serial/bus mouse.  
Verifying Controller Voltage Setting  
The Power Input Module on the rear of the Controller contains the voltage selector drum,  
fuses and the power cord connector. The appropriate voltage setting is set at the factory  
and can be seen on the power input module.  
Each setting actually defines a range and the setting that is closest to the actual line  
voltage should have been selected. The fuse and power requirements are printed on the  
panel above the power input module. The correct fuses for the country where the  
ST-133 is to be shipped are installed at the factory.  
To Check the Controller's Voltage Setting:  
1. Look at the lower righthand corner on the rear of the  
Controller. The current voltage setting (100, 120, 220,  
or 240 VAC) is displayed on the Power Input Module.  
2. If the setting is correct, continue with the installation.  
If it is not correct, follow the instructions on page 64  
for changing the ST-133 Controller's voltage setting  
and fuses.  
Figure 4. Controller Power  
Module  
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Chapter 4  
System Setup  
25  
Installing the WinView/32 Application Software  
®
®
Administrator privileges are required under Windows XP, Windows Vista and  
Windows® 7 to install software and hardware.  
The following installation is performed via the WinView/32 software installation CD.  
1. Insert the CD and follow the  
installation wizard prompts.  
2. On the Select Installation Type  
dialog (see Figure 5), click on the  
Typical radio button to install  
the required drivers and the most  
commonly installed program  
files. Select the Custom radio  
button if you would like to  
choose among the available  
program files or do not want to  
install the drivers. Complete  
installs all of the application  
features.  
Figure 5. WinView/32 Installation:  
Select Installation Type dialog  
3. Verify the camera is connected to the host computer and that the camera power  
supply is turned on.  
4. Reboot the computer if prompted to do so.  
Setting up the Communication Interface  
PI-MTE2 camera systems require either an installed Princeton Instruments (RSPI) PCI  
card or an installed USB2.0 interface card in the host computer. The type of interface  
card is dictated by the Interface Control Module installed in the ST-133 controller.  
Setting up a PCI Interface  
®
®
Administrator privileges are required under Windows XP, Windows Vista and  
Windows® 7 to install software and hardware.  
A Princeton Instruments (RSPI) PCI card must be installed in the host computer if  
TTL IN/OUT  
the communication between computer and controller uses the TAXI protocol (i.e.,  
the Interface Control Module installed in the ST-133 has a 9-pin SERIAL COM  
connector as shown in the figure at right). With TAXI protocol, the standard cable  
provided with an ST-133 is 7.6 meters (25 feet) and the digitization rate may be  
as high as 2 MHz. Cable lengths up to 50 meters (165 feet) are also available.  
AUX  
A computer purchased from Princeton Instruments will be shipped with the PCI card  
already installed. Otherwise, a PCI card will be shipped with the system and you will  
have to install it in the host computer at your location.  
SERIAL COM  
Note: The PCI card can be installed and operated in any Macintosh having a  
PCI bus, allowing the ST-133 to be controlled from the Macintosh via IPLab™  
software and the PI Extension.  
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26  
PI-MTE System Manual  
Version 4.C  
If using WinView/32 software, either High Speed PCI or PCI(Timer) can be the selected  
Interface type. This selection is accessed on the Hardware Setup|Interface tab page.  
High Speed PCI allows data transfer to be interrupt-driven and gives the highest  
performance in some situations. PCI(Timer) allows data transfer to be controlled by a  
polling timer. This selection is recommended when there are multiple devices sharing the  
same interrupt.  
CAUTION  
To Install a PCI Serial Buffer Card in the Host Computer:  
1. Review the documentation for your computer and PCI card before continuing  
with this installation.  
2. To avoid risk of dangerous electrical shock and damage to the computer, verify  
that the computer power is OFF.  
3. Remove the computer cover and verify that there is an available PCI slot.  
4. Install the PCI card in the slot.  
5. Verify that the card is firmly seated and secure it.  
6. Replace and secure the computer cover and turn on only the computer. If an error  
occurs at bootup, either the PCI card has not been installed properly or there is  
an address or interrupt conflict. Refer to Chapter 7 "Troubleshooting", page 71  
for instructions.  
Note: The PCI card has no user-changeable jumpers or switches.  
To Install the PCI Card Driver  
The following information assumes that you have already installed the WinView/32  
software.  
1. After you have secured the PCI card in the computer and replaced the cover, turn  
the computer on.  
2. At bootup, Windows will try to install the new hardware. If it cannot locate the  
driver, you will be prompted to enter the directory path, either by keyboard entry  
or by using the browse function.  
If you selected AUTO PCI during the application software installation, WinView/32  
automatically put the required INF file into the Windows/INF directory and put the  
PCI card driver file in the "Windows"/System32/ Drivers directory. Refer to Table 1  
below for the appropriate file names and locations.  
Windows Version  
PCI INF Filename  
Located in "Windows"/INF  
directory*  
PCI Device Driver Name  
Located in "Windows"/System32/Drivers  
directory  
Windows® XP,  
Windows Vista®,  
and Windows® 7  
rspi.inf (in WINNT/INF, for rspipci.sys (in WINNT/System32/Drivers,  
example) for example)  
* The INF directory may be hidden.  
Table 1. PCI Driver Files and Locations  
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Chapter 4  
System Setup  
Setting up a USB 2.0 Interface  
Administrator privileges are required under Windows XP, Windows Vista  
and Windows® 7 to install software and hardware.  
27  
®
®
USB 2.0  
Your system has been configured to use the USB communication protocol if the  
Interface Control Module installed in the ST-133 has a USB 2.0 connector as  
shown in the figure at right. The advantages to the USB 2.0 interface are that it uses a  
much higher data transfer rate than many common serial data formats (such as the  
TAXI protocol) and it simplifies the connection to external devices. USB supports  
"plug and play" - you do not need to be heavily involved in the setup process.  
AUX  
TTL  
IN/OUT  
USB 2.0 Limitations  
Maximum cable length is 5 meters (16.4 feet)  
2 MHz is currently the upper digitization rate limit for the ST-133  
Controller. Large data sets and/or long acquisition times may be subject  
to data overrun because of host computer interrupts during data  
acquisition.  
USB 2.0 is not supported by the Princeton Instruments PC Interface Library (Easy  
DLLS).  
Some WinView 2.5.X features are not fully supported with USB 2.0. Refer to  
Appendix E, page 95, for more information.  
Note: If you are installing the USB 2.0 interface on a laptop, you will need to perform  
all of the operations described in this section. In addition, if you are using the  
recommended USB Interface Card (SIIG, Inc. USB 2.0 PC Card, Model US2246), you  
must replace the OrangeUSB USB 2.0 Host Controller driver installed for that card with  
the appropriate Microsoft driver. Instructions for making the replacement are included in  
"To Update the OrangeUSB USB 2.0 Driver".  
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28  
PI-MTE System Manual  
Version 4.C  
To Update the OrangeUSB USB 2.0 Driver:  
This procedure is strongly recommended when a laptop computer will be used to  
communicate with the ST-133. As stated before, we recommend the SIIG, Inc. USB 2.0  
PC Card, Model US2246 if USB 2.0 is not native to the laptop's motherboard. To reduce  
the instances of data overruns and serial violations, the OrangeUSB USB 2.0 Host  
Controller installed for the SIIG card, should be replaced with the appropriate Microsoft  
driver (Windows XP, Windows Vista, or Windows 7 depending on the laptop's operating  
system.)  
Note: This procedure may also be performed for desktop computers that use the  
Orange Micro 70USB90011 USB2.0 PCI.  
1. Download and install Microsoft Service Pack 1 (for Windows XP only) if the service  
pack has not been previously installed.  
2. From the Windows Start menu, select Settings|Control Panel.  
3. Select System and then System Properties.  
4. Select the Hardware tab and click on Device Manager button.  
5. Expand Universal Serial Bus Controllers.  
6. Right-mouse click on OrangeUSB USB 2.0 Host Controller and select  
Properties.  
7. On the Driver tab, click on the Update Driver… button. You may have to wait a  
minute or so before you will be allowed to click on the button.  
8. When the Upgrade Device Driver Wizard appears, click on Next. Select the  
Search for a suitable driver… radio button.  
9. On the next screen select the Specify a location checkbox.  
10. Browse and select the location. Click on OK.  
11. In the Driver Files Search Results window, check the Install one of the  
other drivers check box.  
12. Select the NEC PCI to USB Enhanced Host Controller B1 driver. Click on Next  
and the installation will take place. When the Completing the Upgrade Device  
Driver Wizard window appears, click on Finish. You will then be given the choice  
of restarting the computer now or later. According to the window text, the hardware  
associated with the driver will not work until you restart the computer.  
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Chapter 4  
System Setup  
29  
To Install the Princeton Instruments USB2 Interface:  
The following information assumes that:  
You have verified that the host computer meets the required specifications  
for USB 2.0 communication with the PI-MTE system (refer to page 23).  
A USB 2.0 board and its driver are installed in the host computer.  
The ST-133 has an installed USB 2.0 Interface Control module.  
You have already installed the WinView/32 software.  
1. Before installing the Princeton Instruments USB2 Interface, we recommend that  
you defragment the host computer's hard disk. This operation reduces the time the  
computer spends locating files. Typically, the "defrag" utility "Disk Defragmenter"  
®
can be accessed from the Windows Start menu and can usually accessed from the  
Programs/Accessories/System Tools subdirectory.  
2. After defragmenting the hard disk, turn off the computer and make the USB cable  
connections between the host computer and the ST-133. Then, turn the ST-133 on  
before turning on the host computer.  
3. At bootup, Windows will detect the Princeton Instruments USB2 Interface  
hardware (i.e., the USB 2.0 Interface Control module). You may be prompted to  
enter the directory path(s) for the apausbprop.dll and/or the apausb.sys file(s),  
either by keyboard entry or by using the browse function.  
If you selected AUTO PCI during the application software installation,  
WinView/32 automatically put the required INF, DLL, and USB driver files in the  
"Windows" directories shown below. Refer to the Table 2 for the file locations.  
Windows  
Version  
USB INF Filename USB Properties DLL  
USB Device Driver Name  
Located in "Windows"/  
System32/ Drivers  
directory  
Located in  
"Windows"/INF  
directory*  
Located in  
"Windows"/  
System32 directory  
Windows® XP, rsusb2k.inf (e.g.,  
Windows Vista®, WINNT/INF)  
or Windows® 7  
apausbprop.dll (e.g.,  
WINNT/System32)  
apausb.sys (e.g.,  
WINNT/System32/Drivers)  
* The INF directory may be hidden.  
Table 2. USB Driver Files and Locations  
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PI-MTE System Manual  
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Connecting the Interface (Controller-Computer) Cable  
TAXI® Cable (6050-0148-CE)  
Turn the Controller power OFF (OFF = 0, ON = |) and the Computer power OFF before  
connecting or disconnecting the Controller-Computer cable.  
To Connect the TAXI Cable:  
1. Verify that the Controller power is OFF.  
2. Verify that the Computer power is OFF.  
3. Connect one end of the TAXI cable to the 9-pin port on the Interface card.  
4. Tighten down the screws to lock the connector in place.  
5. Connect the other end of the cable to the "Serial Com" port on the rear of the  
Controller.  
6. Tighten down the screws to lock the connector in place.  
USB 2.0 Cable (6050-0494)  
Turn the Controller power OFF (OFF = 0, ON = |) and the Computer power OFF before  
connecting or disconnecting the Controller-Computer cable.  
To Connect the USB 2.0 Cable:  
1. Verify that the Controller power is OFF.  
2. Verify that the Computer power is OFF.  
3. Connect one end of the USB cable to the USB port on the host computer.  
4. Connect the other end of the cable to the USB 2.0 port on the rear of the  
Controller.  
Connecting the Detector-Controller Cable  
Non-Vacuum  
Follow this procedure if you are using the camera in a non-vacuum environment. When  
operating the camera outside of a vacuum, the camera will typically have the visible nose  
already installed. If the visible nose is not installed, refer to Appendix D, "Replacing the  
Open Nose with the Visible Nose", page 93, for installation instructions.  
CAUTION  
Turn the Controller power OFF (OFF = 0, ON = |) before connecting or disconnecting  
the Detector-Controller cable.  
To Connect the Detector-Controller Cable:  
The following procedure assumes that you have a cable (such as the 6050-0321) with slide  
latches at both ends. If you do not, follow the instructions for Vacuum but do not change the  
visible nose to the open nose.  
1. Verify that the Controller power is OFF.  
2. Connect male end of the Detector-Controller cable to the “Detector” port on the back  
of the Controller.  
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Chapter 4  
System Setup  
31  
3. Move the slide latch over to lock the connector in place. Refer to "Securing the  
Detector-Controller Cable Slide Latch", page 76.  
4. Connect the female end of the cable to the camera.  
5. Slide the latch until it locks on the posts.  
Vacuum  
Follow this procedure if you are using the camera in a vacuum chamber. Before  
operating the camera in a vacuum chamber, you will need to remove the visible nose that  
was installed on the camera before it was shipped. Refer to Appendix D, "Replacing the  
Visible Nose with the Open Nose", page 91 for more information. Two cables are used  
in this procedure: one for inside the vacuum chamber and the other for connection to the  
ST-133 outside of the chamber.  
CAUTION  
Turn the Controller power OFF (OFF = 0, ON = |) before connecting or disconnecting  
the Detector-Controller cable.  
The 3' long vacuum-compatible cable is fragile and should be handled very carefully to  
prevent wire breakage at the connector ends. Never pull on the cable wires when  
connecting the cable to or disconnecting it from the cable connectors on the vacuum  
flange, or the camera.  
FRAGILE  
To Connect the Detector-Controller Cables:  
1. Verify that the Controller power is OFF.  
2. Connect male end of the 6' long Detector-Controller cable to the “Detector” port on  
the back of the Controller. Use the 3' long Detector-Controller cable if you have a  
2 MHz system.  
3. Move the slide latch over to lock the connector in place. Refer to "Securing the  
Detector-Controller Cable Slide Latch", page 76.  
4. Connect the female end of the cable to the vacuum flange.  
5. Screw the connector in place.  
6. Carefully secure the 3' long vacuum-compatible cable to the inside of the vacuum  
flange. Use a 3/32" hex tool to tighten down the screws.  
7. Connect the end of the cable with the slide latch to the back of the camera and slide  
the latch until it locks on the posts.  
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PI-MTE System Manual  
Version 4.C  
Entering the Default Camera System Parameters into WinView  
The following instructions assume that you have performed the computer interface  
installation.  
1. Make sure the ST-133 is connected to the host computer, that it is turned on and that  
the computer recognizes the camera peripheral.  
2. Run the WinView/32 application. The Camera Detection wizard will  
automatically run if this is the first time you have installed a Princeton Instruments  
WinView/32 application and a supported camera. Click on the Setup tab and then  
select the Hardware function. Then select the “Launch Camera Detection Wizard…”  
button in the Controller/Camera tab to start the wizard. Otherwise, if you are  
installing a new camera type, click on the Launch Camera Detection Wizard…  
button on the Controller/CCD tab to start the wizard.  
3. On the Welcome dialog (Figure 6), leave the checkbox unselected and click on  
Next.  
Figure 6. Camera Detection Wizard - Welcome dialog  
4. Follow the instructions on the dialogs to perform the initial hardware setup: this  
wizard enters default parameters on the Hardware Setup dialog tabs and gives you  
an opportunity to acquire a single test image to confirm the system is working. Note  
that this is a test image and it is not acquired using the settings needed for true data  
acquisition.  
Note: For a step-by-step procedure on basic system operation, refer to the WinView/32  
“First Light” section starting on page 37.  
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Chapter 4  
System Setup  
33  
Making the Coolant Connections  
1. Take care that the coolant used is pH neutral. Acidic or alkaline coolant can damage  
CAUTION  
the camera fittings and internal cooling block through corrosion. Such damage could  
be very expensive to repair.  
2. Coolant should be no colder than +10° C to +15°C to prevent condensation at 50%  
relative humidity. Operating the camera with coolant at a colder temperature could cause  
induced condensation in the electronics enclosure and possible catastrophic damage to the  
camera when the camera is operating outside of a vacuum enclosure. Damage resulting  
from this type of operation may void the warranty.  
1. Set up the coolant circulator according to the directions in the user manual for that  
equipment. Do not apply power to the circulator until directed to do so.  
2. Make the hose connections between the camera and the vacuum flange. Stainless  
steel flexible hoses (30" long) with female VCR fittings (Swagelok fittings were  
provided for earlier systems) are provided to make the connections. Instructions for  
VCR fittings and for Swagelok fittings can be found in Appendix C of this manual.  
Note: Figure 7 shows the correct coolant ports for the incoming and outgoing  
coolant. These ports are NOT INTERCHANGEABLE.  
Figure 7. Coolant Ports  
3. Set up the coolant circulator according to the directions in the user manual for that  
equipment. Do not apply power to the circulator until directed to do so.  
4. Make the hose connections between the vacuum flange and the chiller/coolant  
circulator. The tubing should be no longer than necessary.  
Recommended Flow Rate and Fluid Pressure  
Flow Rate: 2 liters/minute. Users are advised to install a flow meter to monitor the  
rate.  
Fluid Pressure: 25 psig (maximum).  
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Chapter 5  
Operation  
Introduction  
The PI-MTE camera family has been designed for mobile operation inside a vacuum  
chamber. These cameras can be mounted on a movable arm in vacuum to image a subject  
from more than one direction. Designed for operation with an ST-133 controller, these  
cameras incorporate a two-stage thermoelectric cooler with heat dissipation to circulating  
water or other (non-cryogenic) liquid coolant. These cameras can be provided with  
vacuum-compatible electrical cabling and coolant hoses and with corresponding  
feedthroughs mounted on a vacuum flange. These options provide for connection of the  
camera controller and liquid coolant system (outside the vacuum) to the camera head  
itself (inside the vacuum). The typical CCD operating temperature for PI-MTE series  
cameras extends to -40°C with +15°C circulating coolant; the operating temperature is  
somewhat lower with refrigerated coolant. No mechanical shutter is present on these  
units.  
A two-stage Peltier effect thermoelectric cooler, driven by closed-loop proportional-  
control circuitry, cools the CCD. A thermal sensor attached to the cooling block of the  
camera monitors its temperature.  
WARNING  
Two front sections (noses) are available for the PI-MTE camera: an open nose for work  
inside a vacuum chamber and a visible nose (with quartz window) for operation in an  
atmospheric environment. When the open nose is on the camera, EXTREME caution  
must be used to avoid damage to the CCD array. The nose opening should remain  
covered when the camera is not in the vacuum chamber. Operation in atmosphere  
should NEVER be attempted with the open nose. The CCD array is not protected from  
contamination by this nose. It is best not to open this nose except in a cleanroom  
environment.  
Once the PI-MTE camera has been installed (and optics have been adjusted if the visible  
nose is being used), operation of the camera is basically straightforward. In most  
applications you simply establish optimum performance using the Focus mode  
(WinView/32) and then do actual data acquisition in the Acquire mode. During data  
acquisition, the CCD array is exposed to a source and charge accumulates in the pixels.  
After the defined exposure time, the accumulated signal is readout of the array, digitized,  
and then transferred to the host computer. Upon data transfer, the data is data is  
displayed and/or stored via the application software. This sequence is illustrated by the  
block diagram shown in Figure 8.  
35  
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PI-MTE System Manual  
Version 4.C  
Figure 8. Block Diagram of Signal Path in System  
Whether or not the data is displayed and/or stored depends on the data collection  
operation (Focus or Acquire) that has been selected in the application software. In  
WinView, these operations use the Experiment Setup parameters to establish the  
exposure time (the period when signal of interest is allowed to accumulate on the CCD).  
In Focus mode, the number of frames and accumulations settings are ignored. A  
single frame is acquired and displayed, another frame is acquired and overwrites the  
currently displayed data, and so on until Stop is selected. No frames of data are  
stored. However, when Stop is selected, the File Save function can be used to save  
the currently displayed data. This mode is particularly convenient for familiarization  
and setting up. For ease in focusing, the screen refresh rate should be as rapid as  
possible, achieved by operating with axes and cross-sections off, and with Zoom 1:1  
selected.  
In Acquire mode, every frame of data collected can be automatically stored (the  
completed dataset may include multiple frames with one or more accumulations).  
This mode would ordinarily be selected during actual data collection. One limitation  
of Acquire mode operation is that if data acquisition continues at too fast a rate for it  
to be stored, data overflow will eventually occur. This could only happen in Fast  
Mode operation.  
The remainder of this chapter is organized to first talk about the system on/off  
sequences. Then the "First Light" procedure for imaging applications follows: this  
procedure provides step-by-step instruction on how to initially verify system operation.  
The last three sections discuss factors that affect exposure, readout, and digitization of  
the incoming signal. By understanding these factors and making adjustments to software  
settings, you can maximize signal quality. For information about synchronizing data  
acquisition with external devices, please refer to Chapter 6, Advanced Topics.  
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Chapter 5  
Operation  
37  
System On/Off Sequences  
If your system is configured for the USB 2.0 communication interface, you must follow  
the system on/off sequences as stated below. These sequences ensure that  
communication is established and maintained between the camera and the host computer:  
1. The PI-MTE camera must be powered ON before WinView/32 is opened to ensure  
communication between the camera and the computer. If WinView is opened and  
the PI-MTE is not powered ON, many of the functions will be disabled and you  
will only be able to retrieve and examine previously acquired and stored data. You  
must close WinView, power the camera ON, and reopen WinView before you can  
set up experiments and acquire new data.  
2. WinView/32 must be closed before powering the camera OFF. If you power the  
camera OFF before closing WinView, the communication link with the camera will  
be broken. You can operate the program in a playback mode (i.e., examine  
previously acquired data) but will be unable to acquire new data until you have  
closed WinView, powered the camera ON, and then re-opened WinView.  
First Light  
This section provides step-by-step instructions for acquiring an imaging measurement  
outside of a vacuum environment (the visible nose is installed on the camera). The intention  
of this procedure is to help you gain basic familiarity with the operation of your system and  
to show that it is functioning properly before removing the visible nose and installing the  
camera in a vacuum environment. Once basic familiarity has been established, then  
operation with other operating configurations, ones with more complex timing modes, can  
be performed.  
Assumptions  
The following procedure assumes that:  
1. The camera still has the visible nose installed (the camera is shipped with this  
nose) and that you are verifying the camera system operation.  
2. You have read Chapter 4 and the previous sections of this chapter.  
3. You have made the appropriate cabling and coolant connections for your  
system.  
4. The system is liquid-cooled.  
5. You are familiar with the application software.  
6. The system is being operated in imaging mode.  
7. The target is a sharp image, text, or a drawing that can be used to verify that the  
camera is "seeing" and can be used to maximize focus.  
Cabling  
If the system cables haven’t been installed, connect them as instructed in Chapter 4.  
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PI-MTE System Manual  
Version 4.C  
Getting Started  
1. If the system is liquid-cooled, double check that the circulator is filled with a  
50:50 mixture of ethylene glycol and water and that the hose connections are  
secure. When satisfied that these requirements are met, do the following:  
a. Turn on the circulator. The circulator will power up and begin pumping  
coolant through the camera. Refer to the circulator instruction manual for  
detailed information.  
b. Inspect the coolant hose connections to be sure there are no leaks.  
c. Turn on the refrigeration, if this feature is available, and set the coolant  
temperature (+20°C). The compressor will start and cooldown will begin.  
2. Verify that the line-voltage setting of the ST-133 is correct for the available  
power and switch ON the ST-133.  
3. Block light from the window.  
4. Turn on the power at the computer and start the application software  
(WinView/32, for example).  
Setting the Parameters  
Note: The following procedure is based on WinView/32: you will need to modify it  
if you are using a different application. Basic familiarity with the WinView/32  
software is assumed. If this is not the case, you may want to review the software  
manual or have it available while performing this procedure.  
Set the software parameters as follows:  
Environment dialog (Setup|Environment): Check the DMA Buffer size.  
Large arrays (2048 × 2048, for example) require a buffer size on the order of  
32 Mbytes. If you change the buffer size, you will have to reboot the  
computer for this memory allocation to be activated, and then restart  
WinView.  
Controller|Camera tab page (Setup|Hardware): Because the Camera  
Detection Wizard (Hardware Wizard for earlier software version)  
installed default values appropriate for your system, verify the settings on  
this page. To reload the defaults, you click on the Load Defaults From  
Controller button on this tab page to load the default settings.  
Controller type: ST-133  
Controller version: 3 or higher  
Camera type: Select the array installed in your camera.  
Shutter type: None.  
Readout mode: Full frame.  
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Chapter 5  
Operation  
39  
Detector Temperature (Setup|Detector Temperature…): +20°C for the  
First Light procedure. To see when the array temperature reaches and  
stabilizes at the target temperature, leave the Detector Temperature dialog  
box open. When the target temperature is reached, the dialog box will report  
that the Current Temperature has Locked.  
Note: If you are using the USB 2.0 interface, the Detector Temperature  
dialog box will not display temperature information while you are acquiring  
data.  
Interface tab page (Setup|Hardware): High Speed PCI (or PCI(Timer))  
Note: This tab page is not available if you are using the USB 2.0 interface.  
Cleans and Skips tab page (Setup|Hardware): Default  
Experiment Setup Main tab page (Acquisition|Experiment Setup…):  
Exposure Time: 100 ms  
Accumulations & Number of Images: 1  
Experiment Setup ROI tab page (Acquisition|Experiment Setup…):  
Use this function to define the region of interest (ROI).  
Imaging Mode: Selected  
Clicking on Full loads the full size of the chip into the edit boxes.  
Experiment Setup Timing tab page (Acquisition|Experiment Setup…):  
Timing Mode: Free Run  
Shutter Control: Normal  
Safe Mode vs. Fast Mode: Safe  
Acquiring Data  
If you are using WinView/32, select Focus from the Acquisition menu. Successive  
images will be sent to the monitor as quickly as they are acquired. Since the camera is  
shipped without a shutter, the images may smear if the exposure time is short. Figure 9  
shows the kind of data you might see in WinView.  
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PI-MTE System Manual  
Version 4.C  
Figure 9. Example of WinView Data Acquired from First Light Procedure  
Because the time to acquire and read out an image varies directly with the size of the  
CCD, the observed frame rate will vary greatly depending on the CCD installed. With a  
short exposure time, it is not uncommon for the frame readout time to be significantly  
longer than the exposure time.  
This completes First Light. If the system functioned as described, you can be reasonably  
sure it has arrived in good working order. In addition, you should have a basic  
understanding of how the system hardware is used. A recommended procedure for  
powering down the camera is provided in the next section.  
After you have powered down the camera system, you can then prepare the camera for  
installation in a vacuum chamber. Please follow the instructions provided in "Replacing  
the Visible Nose with the Open Nose" on page 91.  
Powering Down Procedure  
To prevent condensation damage to the camera, it is recommended that camera warm-up  
be carefully controlled. Proper warm-up of the camera after operation at temperatures  
below ambient is performed as follows.  
1. Set the circulator’s refrigeration On/Off switch to OFF.  
2. While running WinView, gradually bring the camera temperature up in 10°C steps  
from its current lock temperature to ambient temperature. To accomplish this, open  
the Detector Temperature dialog box, set the target temperature to 10°C above the  
current lock temperature, wait until lock is reached, and then raise it again in 10°C  
steps until ambient temperature is reached.  
3. After ambient temperature is reached, close WinView and then set the ST-133  
Controller’s Power switch to OFF. This will turn off the camera.  
4. Set the circulator’s main power switch to OFF.  
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Chapter 5  
Operation  
41  
5. The previous steps should be sufficient to prevent condensation from occurring on  
the camera (its array, electronics, and /or coolant ports). However, if the camera is  
currently in an evacuated vacuum chamber, you may also want to allow at least  
30 minutes to pass before venting the vacuum chamber.  
6. This completes the warm-up procedure.  
Cooling  
Introduction  
The PI-MTE cameras were developed for operation inside a vacuum chamber. A two-  
stage Peltier effect device provides the primary CCD cooling and the waste heat is  
removed by circulating liquid coolant.  
WARNINGS  
Sustained operation of these cameras without providing liquid cooling will permanently  
damage the camera. Such damage is not covered by the Warranty.  
PI-MTE cameras are provided with 1/4tubing fittings (Cajon Ultra-Torr®) for the  
circulation of liquid coolant. Use of water/glycol solution (i.e., automotive antifreeze,) is  
preferred. Avoid using any corrosive liquid. Set the coolant flow rate to 2 liters/minute. The  
temperature of the coolant is usually a compromise among a number of competing factors  
including the camera ambient conditions. Princeton Instruments typically uses 10° to 15°C  
coolant for testing.  
Operated in a vacuum chamber, a standard PI-MTE camera will achieve an array  
temperature of -40°C with 15°C coolant. An evacuated camera with the visible nose and  
operated in the laboratory atmosphere will achieve an array temperature of -25°C with  
15°C coolant.  
Condensation  
Condensation can cause damage to the camera and will void the warranty. If there are  
ANY signs of condensation on the camera's coolant pipes, on the CCD, or on the interior  
CCD window (if so equipped), stop operation immediately and contact the factory for  
recommended corrective action.  
WARNING  
The CCD array and electronics are subject to damage from condensation if exposed to  
atmospheric moisture when cold. The following paragraphs discuss condensation risk  
factors and their prevention.  
Before operating in atmosphere with a PI-MTE camera designed for vacuum chamber  
operation, check the temperature and humidity levels. If the conditions are such that  
running with chilled coolant will result in condensation, you should only circulate room  
temperature coolant through the camera. Condensation damage may occur if the coolant  
pipes become cold enough to condense water from the atmosphere or if water condenses  
on the CCD array as a result of deterioration of the internal vacuum. At the first sign of  
condensation on the coolant pipes or CCD array, turn off the system immediately and  
contact the factory for corrective action advice.  
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PI-MTE System Manual  
Version 4.C  
Operating a PI-MTE with the visible nose in atmosphere can result in condensation if the  
camera has not been evacuated to at least 1 mTorr before running with chilled coolant  
(coolant should be no colder than +10° C to +15°C to prevent condensation at 50% relative  
humidity). Over time the vacuum will degrade, so always evacuate a visible nose camera  
before running it in atmosphere. At the first sign of condensation on the coolant pipes  
or the CCD array, turn off the system immediately.  
An open-nose PI-MTE camera inside a vacuum chamber is subject to condensation if the  
chamber is vented too soon after powering off the camera. Failure to turn off the coolant  
flow to a camera in a vacuum chamber can also result in condensation when the chamber  
is vented. In addition, because vacuum venting can contaminate the cooled surface of the  
CCD, we advise you to position a gate valve between the camera and the rest of the  
system. This is also highly recommended to prevent contamination.  
WARNING  
PI-MTE cameras that use the open nose depend on the vacuum environment for thermal  
isolation of the cooled CCD and for preventing condensation on it. Operating these  
cameras in air will result in damage to the CCD array. In vacuum chamber operation,  
after the camera has been turned off and the coolant flow stopped, the camera should be  
allowed to warm up for at least thirty (30) minutes before the vacuum chamber is vented.  
To prevent condensation damage while the camera is mounted in the vacuum chamber:  
Vacuum Chamber: Make sure that the vacuum chamber has been pumped  
down to at least 1 mTorr, before cooling the camera below ambient or turning on  
coolant flow.  
Camera: Before venting a chamber, turn off the camera, turn off coolant flow,  
and allow the camera to warm up for at least thirty (30) minutes. Do not vent  
the chamber if coolant is still flowing through the camera.  
Exposure and Signal  
Introduction  
The following topics address factors that can affect the signal acquired on the CCD  
array. These factors include array architecture, exposure time, CCD temperature, dark  
charge, and saturation.  
CCD Array Architecture  
Charge coupled devices (CCDs) can be roughly thought of as a two-dimensional grid of  
individual photodiodes (called pixels), each connected to its own charge storage “well.”  
Each pixel senses the intensity of light falling on its collection area, and stores a  
proportional amount of charge in its associated “well.” Once charge accumulates for the  
specified exposure time (set in the software), the pixels are read out serially.  
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Chapter 5  
Operation  
43  
Exposure Time  
Exposure time (set on the Experiment  
Setup|Main tab page) is the time between start  
acquisition and stop acquisition commands sent  
by the application software to the camera. In  
combination with triggers, these commands  
control when continuous cleaning of the CCD  
stops and when the accumulated signal will be  
readout. The continuous cleaning prevents  
buildup of dark current and unwanted signal  
prior to the x-ray pulse. At the end of the  
exposure time, the CCD is readout and cleaning  
starts again.  
PI-MTE series cameras do not incorporate an  
internal shutter. In addition, only full-frame  
CCDs (as opposed to frame-transfer CCDs) are  
available at this writing*. Because PI-MTE  
cameras do not incorporate an internal shutter, some signal may accumulate on the array  
while it is being readout. This continuous exposure of the array during readout may  
result in some smearing. However, exposures that are significantly longer than the  
readout time can be performed without a shutter, as the amount of smearing will be low.  
If smearing or other factors require a shutter, the NOT SCAN or the SHUTTER signal at  
the ST-133's  
output can be used to control a customer-supplied external x-ray  
shutter. By using one of the signals to synchronize the shutter operation with exposure,  
the CCD can be read out in darkness. Alternatively, the x-ray source can be interrupted  
elsewhere in the system while readout is taking place.  
Temperature Control  
Lowering the temperature of the CCD will generally enhance the quality of the acquired  
signal. The temperature is set directly from the application software and it takes from 10-20  
minutes for the PI-MTE to reach and lock at the set temperature. The TEMP LOCK  
indicator on the back of the controller then lights GREEN to indicate that lock has been  
achieved (for more information, refer to the "ST-133 Controller" section in Chapter 2).  
Application software, such as WinView/32, also provides a temperature-locked indication.  
Notes:  
1. Temperature regulation does not reach its ultimate stability for at least 30 minutes  
after temperature lock is established. Also note that the thermoelectric cooler has no  
capability to heat the CCD. These cameras are therefore more thermally stable at  
lower temperatures.  
2. Because vacuum venting can contaminate the cooled surface of the CCD, we advise  
you to position a gate valve between the camera and the rest of the system. This is  
also highly recommended to prevent contamination.  
*
Please contact your Princeton Instruments representative for special applications or requirements.  
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PI-MTE System Manual  
Version 4.C  
As previously mentioned in the "Cooling" topic, page 41, cooling also means the  
possibility of condensation. PI-MTE cameras when operated in the open nose configuration  
depend on the vacuum environment for thermal isolation of the cooled CCD and for  
preventing condensation on it. Both the CCD array and the camera electronics are subject to  
damage from condensation if exposed to atmospheric moisture when cold.  
1. Condensation can cause damage to the camera and will void the warranty. If there are  
ANY signs of condensation on the camera's coolant pipes or on the CCD array, stop  
operation immediately and contact the factory for recommended corrective action.  
WARNINGS  
2. Operating these cameras in air will result in damage to the CCD array.  
Condensation can result in catastrophic damage to the camera and is not covered  
by the warranty.  
Dark Charge  
Dark charge (or dark current) is the thermally-induced buildup of charge in the CCD  
over time and varies widely from one CCD array to another. This charge integrates in the  
pixel wells whenever the camera is on, whether or not data is being acquired, and could  
result in the loss of dynamic range. In the case of cameras with MPP type arrays, the  
average dark charge is extremely small. However, the dark-charge distribution is such  
that a significant number of pixels may exhibit a much higher dark charge, limiting the  
maximum practical exposure. Dark charge effect is more pronounced in the case of  
cameras having a non-MPP array.  
Because dark charge is thermally-induced, reducing the array temperature significantly  
reduces the rate at which of dark charge accumulates in the pixel wells. Even so, enough  
dark charge could accumulate in the pixels between data acquisitions to affect dynamic  
range at the beginning of an exposure. To prevent this from happening, clean cycles  
(refer to "Clean Cycles", below) repeatedly shift and discard any signal that has  
integrated on the array while waiting for a Start Acquisition command.  
After the Start Acquisition command is received by the controller and exposure begins, both  
the signal of interest and dark charge integrate on the array. The longer the exposure time and  
the warmer the camera, the larger and less uniform the dark charge will appear. To minimize  
the dark charge contribution to the acquired signal, you should operate with the lowest  
temperature possible for your camera. Reducing the exposure time may also be helpful.  
To further reduce the dark charge contribution to an acquired signal, you can perform  
background subtraction, which subtracts a dark charge background from raw data acquired  
using the same experiment conditions. (Refer to "Background Subtraction", page 49).  
Notes:  
1. Do not be concerned about either the DC level of this background noise or its  
shape unless it is very high, i.e., > 1000 counts with 16 bit A/D. What you see is  
not noise. It is a fully subtractable readout pattern. Refer to "Background  
Subtraction", page 49, for more information.  
2. Offset and excess noise problems are more likely to occur if the controller and  
camera were not calibrated and tested as a system at the factory.  
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Chapter 5  
Operation  
45  
If you observe a sudden change in the baseline signal you may have excessive humidity  
in the camera's vacuum enclosure. Immediately turn off the controller. Then, contact  
Princeton Instruments Customer Support for further instructions. Refer to page 106 for  
contact information.  
CAUTION  
Saturation  
When signal levels in some part of the image are very high, charge generated in one pixel  
may exceed the “well capacity” of the pixel, spilling over into adjacent pixels in a  
process called “blooming.” In this case a more frequent readout is advisable, with signal  
averaging to enhance S/N (Signal-to-Noise ratio) accomplished through the software.  
For signal levels low enough to be readout-noise limited, longer exposure times, and  
therefore longer signal accumulation in the CCD, will improve the S/N ratio approximately  
linearly with the length of exposure time. There is, however, a maximum time limit for on-  
chip averaging, determined by either the saturation of the CCD pixels by the signal or the  
loss of dynamic range due to the buildup of dark charge in the pixels.  
Clean Cycles  
As stated before, dark charge integrates on the array whenever the camera is on, whether or  
not data acquisition is occurring. To minimize the dark charge and other noise in the pixel  
wells when data acquisition is idle, the Clean Cycles function shifts accumulated charge in a  
predefined number of rows to the shift register and then discards it.  
Clean cycles start when you turn the controller on and a clean pattern is programmed into  
the controller. At the end of a cycle, the controller checks to see if a Start Acquisition  
command has been received. If it has been received, the user-defined number of cleans  
(typically 0) will be then performed before the exposure time starts. If a Start Acquisition  
command has not been received, the next clean cycle begins.  
The number of rows that are shifted and discarded during a clean cycle are defined in the  
application software. The most effective cleaning occurs when the number of rows  
equals the number of rows on the CCD. However, you need to keep in mind that a clean  
cycle must be completed before a Start Acquisition command will be implemented. The  
more rows in a cycle, the greater the delay between the command receipt and the  
beginning of an exposure. Because of this timing issue, the number of rows per clean  
cycle is usually much smaller than the number of rows on the array.  
The timing diagram below is for an experiment set up to acquire three (3) images in  
Freerun timing mode with normal shutter operation selected. In this diagram, clean cycles  
occur before the first exposure and after the last readout period. They do not need to occur  
between exposures since each readout cleans the array before the next exposure starts.  
Figure 10. Clean Cycles in Freerun Operation  
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Note: The start of the exposure is signaled by NOT SCAN going high but will not occur  
until the current clean cycle and the additional user-defined number of cleans (typically 0)  
have finished. "Number of Cleans" is defined on the Setup|Hardware  
Setup|Cleans/Skips tab page. If you enter a value other than "0", you will further delay  
the start of the exposure by that number of clean cycles.  
Continuous Cleans  
The Continuous Cleans function is provided when the start of an exposure is tied to an  
external trigger (i.e., the experiment is being run in External Sync timing mode). The  
continuous clean cycles are defined by the same parameter values as the standard clean  
cycles. The difference is that continuous clean cycles occur between NOT SCAN going  
high and External Sync going low. When the External Sync trigger arrives during a  
continuous clean cycle, that cycle must be completed before the exposure will begin. In  
time critical experiments, the number of rows per clean (set on the Hardware Setup|  
Controller/Camera tab page) should be 1 or 2 to minimize the delay. Refer to "External  
Sync with Continuous Cleans", page 55 for more information.  
Readout  
Introduction  
After the exposure time has elapsed, the charge  
accumulated in the array pixels needs to be read  
out of the array, converted from electrons to  
digital format, and transmitted to the application  
software where it can be displayed and/or  
stored. Readout begins by moving charge from  
the CCD image area to the shift register. The  
charge in the shift register pixels, which  
typically have twice the capacity of the image  
pixels, is then shifted into the output node and  
then to the output amplifier where the electrons  
are grouped as electrons/count. This result  
Figure 11. Array Terms for a CCD  
leaves the CCD and goes to the preamplifier  
with a Single Output Amplifier  
where gain is applied.  
WinView allows you to specify the type of readout (full frame or binned) and the gain  
(the number of electrons required to generate an ADU).  
Full Frame Readout  
In this section, a simple 6 4 pixel CCD is used to demonstrate how charge is shifted  
and digitized. Full frame readout, for full frame CCDs, reads out the entire CCD surface  
at the same time.  
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Chapter 5  
Operation  
The upper left drawing in Figure 12  
47  
represents a CCD after exposure but  
before the beginning of readout.  
The capital letters represent  
different amounts of charge,  
including both signal and dark  
charge. This section explains  
readout at full resolution, where  
every pixel is digitized separately.  
Readout of the CCD begins with the  
simultaneous shifting of all pixels  
one row toward the “shift register,”  
in this case the row at the top. The  
shift register is a single line of  
pixels along one edge of the CCD,  
not sensitive to light and used for  
readout only. Typically the shift  
register pixels hold twice as much  
charge as the pixels in the imaging  
area of the CCD.  
Figure 12. Full Frame at Full Resolution  
After the first row is moved into the  
shift register, the charge now in the  
shift register is shifted toward the output node, located at one end of the shift register. As  
each value is “emptied” into the output it is digitized. Only after all pixels in the first row  
are digitized is the second row moved into the shift register. The order of shifting in our  
example is therefore A1, B1, C1, D1, A2, B2, C2, D2, A3, ….  
After charge is shifted out of each pixel the remaining charge is zero, meaning that the  
array is immediately ready for the next exposure.  
A subsection of the CCD can be read out at full resolution, sometimes dramatically  
increasing the readout rate while retaining the highest resolution in the region of interest  
(ROI). To approximate the readout rate of an ROI, in Equation 2 substitute the x and y  
dimensions of the ROI in place of the dimensions of the full CCD. Some overhead time,  
however, is required to read out and discard the unwanted pixels.  
Binning  
Binning is the process of adding the data from adjacent pixels together to form a single  
pixel (sometimes called a super pixel), and it can be accomplished in either hardware or  
software. Rectangular groups of pixels of any size may be binned together, subject to  
some hardware and software limitations.  
Hardware Binning  
Hardware binning is performed on the CCD array before the signal is read out of the  
output amplifier. For signal levels that are readout noise limited this method improves  
S/N ratio linearly with the number of pixels grouped together. For signals large enough  
to render the camera photon shot noise limited, the S/N ratio improvement is roughly  
proportional to the square root of the number of pixels binned.  
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Binning also reduces readout time and the burden on computer memory, but at the  
expense of resolution. Since shift register pixels typically hold only twice as much  
charge as image pixels, the binning of large sections may result in saturation and  
“blooming”, or spilling of charge back into the image area.  
Figure 13 shows an example of 2 2 binning. Each pixel of the image displayed by the  
software represents 4 pixels of the CCD array. Rectangular bins of any size are possible.  
Figure 13. 2 × 2 Binning for Images  
Software Binning  
One limitation of hardware binning is that the shift register pixels and the output node are  
typically only 2-3 times the size of imaging pixels. Consequently, if the total charge binned  
together exceeds the capacity of the shift register or output node, the data will be lost.  
This restriction strongly limits the number of pixels that may be binned in cases where there is  
a small signal superimposed on a large background, such as signals with a large fluorescence.  
Ideally, one would like to bin many pixels to increase the S/N ratio of the weak peaks but this  
cannot be done because the fluorescence would quickly saturate the CCD.  
The solution is to perform the binning in software. Limited hardware binning may be used  
when reading out the CCD. Additional binning is accomplished in software, producing a  
result that represents many more photons than was possible using hardware binning.  
Software averaging can improve the S/N ratio by as much as the square root of the  
number of scans. Unfortunately, with a high number of scans, i.e., above 100, camera 1/f  
noise may reduce the actual S/N ratio to slightly below this theoretical value. Also, if the  
light source used is photon-flicker limited rather than photon shot-noise limited, this  
theoretical signal improvement cannot be fully realized. Again, background subtraction  
from the raw data is necessary.  
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Chapter 5  
Operation  
49  
This technique is also useful in high light level experiments, where the camera is again  
photon shot-noise limited. Summing multiple pixels in software corresponds to  
collecting more photons, and results in a better S/N ratio in the measurement.  
Background Subtraction  
Each CCD has its own dark charge pattern or background that can be subtracted from the  
total acquired signal. By subtracting this background, you can eliminate the dark charge,  
which might otherwise hide low-intensity signal.  
To set up for background subtraction, set up the experiment conditions for acquiring the  
actual image (detector temperature, exposure time, region of interest, timing mode, etc.)  
and then, while blocking the incoming signal from the array, acquire a dark charge  
“background image” under those conditions. Once the background image is acquired,  
save it to disk.  
After storing the background to disk, you have two choices for background subtraction:  
automatic or post-processing.  
Automatic: This approach requires that you activate "Background" and specify the  
background filename on the Acquisition| Experiment Setup|Data Corrections  
tab page before acquiring an image. When you acquire an image, the specified  
background file data will automatically be subtracted from the raw image data before  
the corrected data is displayed and is available for storage to disk.  
Post-Processing: If you prefer to acquire and preserve the raw image data, make  
sure that "Background" is not active on the Acquisition|Experiment Setup|Data  
Corrections tab page. Then, acquire the image, save the raw image data to disk,  
and, via the Image Math function, subtract the background file data from the raw  
image data. The subsequent data can then be saved to a separate file.  
Digitization  
Introduction  
After gain has been applied to the signal, the Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)  
converts that analog information (continuous amplitudes) into a digital data (quantified,  
discrete steps) that can be read, displayed, and stored by the application software. The  
number of bits per pixel is based on both the hardware and the settings programmed into  
the camera through the software (refer to "Readout", page 46).  
Factors associated with digitization include the digitization rate and baseline signal.  
Depending on the camera model, you may be able change the speed at which digitization  
occurs and/or offset the baseline. These factors are discussed in the following  
paragraphs.  
Digitization Rate  
During readout, an analog signal representing the charge of each pixel (or binned group  
of pixels) is digitized. The number of bits per pixel is based on both the hardware and the  
settings programmed into the camera through the software.  
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The ST-133 100 kHz/1 MHz Controller has a single A/D converter that can be run at  
either 100 kHz or 1 MHz. The choice of digitization speed is made via the application  
software.  
The ST-133 2 MHz controller provides six digitization rates (from 50 kHz up to 2 MHz),  
providing optimum signal-to-noise ratios at all readout speeds. Because the readout noise  
of CCD arrays increases with the readout rate, it is sometimes necessary to trade off  
readout speed for high dynamic range. The 2 MHz conversion speed permits the fastest  
possible data collection and the 100 kHz or 50 kHz conversion speed is suitable for use  
where noise performance is the paramount concern. Switching between the conversion  
speeds is completely under software control for total experiment automation.  
Note: For the 2 MHz controller, ADC baseline offset levels are preset at the factory and  
are not user-adjustable.  
ADC Offset  
ADC offset (also known as baseline offset) provides another way of dealing with dark  
charge (refer to "Dark Charge", page 44). By offsetting the baseline signal, much of the  
background is ignored during conversion.  
Offsetting the baseline is accomplished by adding a voltage to the signal to bring the A/D  
output to a non-zero value, typically 50-100 counts. This offset value ensures that all the  
true variation in the signal can really be seen and not lost below the A/D “0” value. Since  
the offset is added to the signal, these counts only minimally reduce the range of the  
signal from 65535 (16-bit A/D) to a value in the range of 50-100 counts lower.  
The ability to shift the baseline depends on the controller used in your system. For  
100 kHz/1 MHz controllers, the offset values for the Fast (F) and Slow (S) A/D  
converters are preadjusted at the factory but may be adjusted via the Zero Adjustment  
potentiometers on the back of the controller. In the case of 2 MHz controllers, the  
potentiometers are not present and you cannot change the factory set baseline offsets for  
the six digitization speeds: changes to the baseline offsets must be performed at the  
factory.  
Once you have entered the acquisition parameters, wait for temperature lock to occur and  
then wait 30 minutes for the camera temperature to completely stabilize. Then try taking  
a few dark charge readings.  
Notes:  
1. Do not be concerned about either the DC level of this background or its shape unless  
it is very high, i.e., >400 counts. What you see is not noise. It is a fully subtractable  
readout pattern. Each CCD has its own dark charge pattern, unique to that particular  
device. Every device has been thoroughly tested to ensure its compliance with  
Princeton Instruments' demanding specifications.  
2. Do not adjust the offset values to zero or some low-level data will be missed.  
If you observe a sudden change in the baseline signal, TURN OFF THE SYSTEM  
IMMEDIATELY and contact the factory Customer Support Department. Refer to page  
102 for contact information.  
CAUTION  
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Chapter 6  
Advanced Topics  
Introduction  
Previous chapters have discussed setting up the  
hardware and the software for basic operation.  
This chapter discusses topics associated with  
experiment synchronization (set up on the  
Experiment Setup|Timing tab page in  
WinView).With the exception of Edge Trigger, the  
topics are addressed in order of their appearance on  
the Timing tab page (see Figure 14).  
"Timing Modes", the first topic, discusses  
Timing Modes, Shutter Control, and Edge  
Trigger. Also included under this topic is a  
discussion of the EXT SYNC connector, the  
input connector for a trigger pulse.  
"Fast and Safe Modes", the second topic,  
discusses the Fast and the Safe speed modes.  
Fast is used for real-time data acquisition and  
Safe is used when coordinating acquisition with  
external devices or when the computer speed is  
not fast enough to keep pace with the acquisition rate.  
Figure 14. Timing tab page  
"TTL Control", the final topic, discusses the TTL IN/OUT connector on the rear of the  
ST-133 and how commands can be sent via TTL levels to and from the ST-133.  
Standard Timing Modes  
The chart to the right lists the timing mode  
combinations (selected on the Experiment  
Setup|Timing tab page). Use this chart in  
combination with the detailed descriptions in  
this chapter to determine the optimal timing  
configuration.  
Mode  
Shutter  
Normal  
Normal  
PreOpen  
Normal  
Free Run  
External Sync  
External Sync  
External Sync with  
Continuous Cleans  
The basic ST-133 timing modes are Free  
Run, External Sync, and External Sync with  
Continuous Cleans. These modes are  
combined with the Shutter options to provide  
the widest variety of timing modes for  
precision experiment synchronization.  
External Sync with  
Continuous Cleans  
PreOpen  
Table 3. Camera Timing Modes  
51  
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Note: Since PI-MTE cameras do not use shutters, the Shutter Type selection on the  
Hardware Setup|Controller/Camera tab page should be "None".  
The shutter options available include Normal, PreOpen, Disable Opened or Disable  
Closed. Disable simply means that the shutter will not operate during the experiment.  
Disable closed is useful for making dark charge measurements or when no shutter is  
present. PreOpen, available in the External Sync and External Sync with Continuous  
Cleans modes, opens the shutter as soon as the ST-133 is ready to receive an External  
Sync pulse. This is required if the time between the External Sync pulse and the event is  
less than a few milliseconds, the time it takes the shutter to open.  
The shutter timing is shown in the timing diagrams that follow. Except for Free Run,  
where the modes of shutter operation are identical, both Normal and PreOpen lines are  
shown in the timing diagrams and flow chart.  
The timing diagrams are labeled indicating the exposure time (t ), shutter  
exp  
compensation time (t ), and readout time (t ). Note that if there is no shutter selected in  
c
R
the software, the shutter compensation time (the time required to close a mechanical  
shutter) will be approximately 0 ms. For more information about these parameters, refer  
to the discussion of full frame readout, starting on page 46.  
Free Run  
In the Free Run mode the controller does not  
synchronize with the experiment in any way. The  
shutter opens as soon as the previous readout is  
Shutter opens  
complete, and remains open for the exposure time,  
t
. Any External Sync signals are ignored. This  
exp  
mode is useful for experiments with a constant light  
source, such as a CW laser or a DC lamp. Other  
experiments that can utilize this mode are high  
repetition studies, where the number of shots that  
occur during a single shutter cycle is so large that it  
appears to be continuous illumination.  
Shutter remains open  
for preprogrammed  
exposure time  
Other experimental equipment can be synchronized to  
the ST-133 controller by using the output signal  
(software-selectable SHUTTER or NOT SCAN* on  
the Hardware Setup|Controller Camera tab page)  
System waits while  
shutter closes  
from the  
connector. Shutter operation and the  
NOT SCAN output signal are shown in Figure 16.  
Figure 15. Free Run Timing Chart,  
Part of the Chart in Figure 21  
*
NOT SCAN reports when the controller is finished reading out the CCD array. NOT SCAN is  
high when the CCD array is not being scanned, then drops low when readout begins, returning to  
high when the process is finished. The second signal, SHUTTER, reports when the shutter is  
opened and can be used to synchronize external shutters. SHUTTER is low when the shutter is  
closed and goes high when the shutter is activated, dropping low again after the shutter closes.  
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Chapter 6  
Advanced Topics  
53  
Figure 16. Free Run Timing Diagram  
External Sync  
In this mode all exposures are synchronized to an external source via signal input to the  
Ext Sync BNC on the back of the ST-133. To ensure synchronization, the trigger edge  
(negative- or positive-going) of the Ext Sync signal must be identified in the application  
software (in WinView, this is done on the Experiment Setup|Timing tab page). As  
shown in the flowchart, Figure 17, External Sync mode can be used in combination with  
Normal or PreOpen Shutter operation. In Normal Shutter mode, the controller waits for  
an External Sync pulse, then opens the shutter for the programmed exposure period. As  
soon as the exposure is complete, the shutter closes and the CCD array is read out.  
Because the external shutter requires a finite amount of time to open completely (shutter  
open time may be 5-28 msec depending on the shutter), the External Sync pulse trigger  
edge provided by the experiment should precede the actual signal by at least that much  
time. If not, the shutter will not be open for the duration of the entire signal, or the signal  
may be missed completely.  
Also, since the amount of time from initialization of the experiment to the first External  
Sync pulse trigger edge is not fixed, an accurate background subtraction may not be  
possible for the first readout. In multiple-shot experiments this is easily overcome by  
simply discarding the first frame.  
In the PreOpen Shutter mode, on the other hand, shutter operation is only partially  
synchronized to the experiment. As soon as the controller is ready to collect data, the  
shutter opens. Upon arrival of the first External Sync pulse trigger edge at the ST-133,  
the shutter remains open for the specified exposure period, closes, and the CCD is read  
out. As soon as readout is complete, the shutter reopens and waits for the next frame.  
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(shutter preopen)  
(shutter normal)  
Controller waits for  
External Sync pulse  
Shutter opens  
Controller waits for  
External Sync pulse  
Shutter opens  
Shutter remains open  
for preprogrammed  
exposure time  
System waits while  
shutter closes  
Figure 17. Chart Showing Two External Sync Timing Options  
The PreOpen mode is useful in cases where an External Sync pulse trigger edge cannot  
be provided 5–28 msec (shutter open time) before the actual signal occurs. Its main  
drawback is that the CCD is exposed to any ambient light while the shutter is open  
between frames. If this ambient light is constant, and the triggers occur at regular  
intervals, this background can also be subtracted, providing that it does not saturate the  
CCD. As with the Normal Shutter mode, accurate background subtraction may not be  
possible for the first frame.  
Also note that, in addition to signal from ambient light, dark charge accumulates during  
the “wait” time (t ). Any variation in the external sync frequency also affects the amount  
w
of dark charge, even if light is not falling on the CCD during this time.  
Note: If EXT SYNC is still active (in Figure 18, this means that if it is still LOW) at the  
end of the readout, the hardware may interpret this as a second sync pulse, and so on.  
Figure 18. Timing Diagram for External Sync Mode (- edge trigger)  
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Chapter 6  
Advanced Topics  
55  
External Sync with Continuous Cleans  
Another timing mode available with the ST-133 controller is called Continuous Cleans.  
In addition to the standard "cleaning" of the array, which occurs after the controller is  
enabled, Continuous Cleans will remove any charge that integrates on the array between  
the time that the Start Acquisition command is received by the controller and the moment  
that the External Sync pulse trigger edge is received.  
(shutter preopen)  
Shutter opens  
(shutter normal)  
CCD is continuously  
cleaned until External Sync  
pulse is received  
CCD is continuously  
cleaned until External Sync  
pulse is received  
Shutter opens  
Shutter remains open  
for preprogrammed  
exposure time  
System waits while  
shutter closes  
Figure 19. Continuous Cleans Operation Flowchart  
Once the External Sync pulse trigger edge is received, cleaning of the array stops as soon  
as the current row is shifted, and frame collection begins: a delay time of up to one row  
shift can be expected. With Normal Shutter operation the shutter is opened for the set  
exposure time. With PreOpen Shutter operation the shutter is open during the continuous  
cleaning, and once the External Sync pulse trigger edge is received the shutter remains  
open for the set exposure time, then closes. If the vertical rows are shifted midway when  
the External Sync pulse trigger edge arrives, the pulse is saved until the row shifting is  
completed, to prevent the CCD from getting “out of step.” As expected, the response  
latency is on the order of one vertical shift time, from 1-30 sec depending on the array.  
This latency does not prevent the incoming signal from being detected, since photo  
generated electrons are still collected over the entire active area. However, if the signal  
arrival is coincident with the vertical shifting, image smearing of up to one pixel is  
possible. The amount of smearing is a function of the signal duration compared to the  
single vertical shift time.  
Note: If EXT SYNC is still active (in Figure 20, this means that if it is still LOW) at the  
end of the readout, the hardware may interpret this as a second sync pulse, and so on.  
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Figure 20. Continuous Cleans Timing Diagram (- edge trigger)  
Figure 20 shows the same timing diagram as Figure 18 with the addition of continuous  
cleans (indicated by the shaded areas labeled CC). Continuous cleans are additional  
clean cycles and defined by the same parameter values as the standard clean cycles.  
Fast and Safe Modes  
The WinView Experiment Setup|Timing tab page allows you to choose Fast Mode or  
Safe Mode. Figure 21 is a flow chart comparing the two modes. In Fast Mode operation, the  
ST-133 runs according to the timing of the experiment, with no interruptions from the  
computer. In Safe Mode operation, the computer processes each frame as it is received. The  
ST-133 cannot collect the next frame until the previous frame has been completely processed.  
Fast Mode operation is primarily for collecting “real-time” sequences of experimental data,  
where timing is critical and events cannot be missed. Once the ST-133 is sent the Start  
Acquisition command by the computer, all frames are collected without further intervention  
from the computer. The advantage of this triggering mode is that timing is controlled  
completely through hardware. A drawback to this mode is that the computer will only  
display frames when it is not performing other tasks. Image display has a lower priority, so  
the image on the screen may lag several images behind. A video monitor connected to the  
VIDEO output will always display the current image. A second drawback is that a data  
overrun may occur if the number of images collected exceeds the amount of allocated  
RAM or if the computer cannot keep up with the data rate.  
Safe Mode operation is primarily useful for experiment setup, including alignment and  
focusing, when it is necessary to have the most current image displayed on the screen. It  
is also useful when data collection must be coordinated through software with external  
devices such as external shutters and filter wheels. As seen in Figure 21, in Safe Mode  
operation, the computer controls when each frame is taken. After each frame is received,  
the computer sends the Stop Acquisition command to the camera, instructing it to stop  
acquisition. Once that frame is completely processed and displayed, another Start  
Acquisition command is sent from the computer to the camera, allowing it to take the  
next frame. Display is therefore, at most, only one frame behind the actual data  
collection.  
One disadvantage of the Safe Mode is that events may be missed during the experiment,  
since the ST-133 is disabled for a short time after each frame.  
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Chapter 6  
Advanced Topics  
57  
Figure 21. Chart of Safe Mode and Fast Mode Operation  
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TTL Control  
Fully supported by WinView/WinSpec Version 2.6.x when the communication protocol  
is TAXI (PCI). This feature is not supported when the protocol is USB 2.0.  
Introduction  
Princeton Instruments' WinView and WinSpec software packages incorporates WinX32  
Automation, a programming language that can be used to automate performing a variety  
of data acquisition and data processing functions, including use of the TTL In/Out  
functions. WinX32 Automation can be implemented in programs written in Visual Basic  
or Visual C++. Refer to the WinX32 documentation for more detailed information.  
The TTL lines are made available through the TTL In/Out connector on the rear of the  
ST-133 Controller. This connector provides 8 TTL lines in, 8 TTL lines out and an  
input control line. Figure 22 illustrates the connector and Table 5 lists the signal/pin  
assignments.  
TTL In  
The user controls the 8 TTL Input lines, setting them high (+5 V; TTL 1) or low (0 V;  
TTL 0). When the lines are read, the combination of highs and lows read defines a  
decimal number which the computer can use to make a decision and initiate actions as  
specified in the user’s program. If a TTL IN line is low, its numeric value is 0. If a TTL  
IN line is high, its numeric value is as follows.  
TTL IN  
Value  
TTL IN  
Value  
16  
1
2
3
4
1
2
4
8
5
6
7
8
32  
64  
128  
This coding allows any decimal value from 0 to 255 to be defined. Thus, as many as 256  
different sets of conditions can be specified, at the user’s discretion, using the TTL IN  
lines. Any unused lines will default to TTL high (+5 V). For example, to define the  
number three, the user would simply set the lines TTL IN 1 and TTL IN 2 both high  
(+5 V). It would be necessary to apply TTL low to the remaining six lines because they  
would otherwise default to TTL high as well.  
TTL IN  
Value  
High (1)  
High (2)  
Low (0)  
Low (0)  
TTL IN  
Value  
Low (0)  
Low (0)  
Low (0)  
Low (0)  
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
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Chapter 6  
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59  
Table 4 illustrates this coding for decimal values 0 through 7. Obviously this table could  
easily be extended to show the coding for values all the way to 255.  
TTL  
TTL  
TTL  
TTL  
TTL  
TTL  
TTL  
TTL  
IN/OUT 8  
1= dec 128 1=dec 64  
IN/OUT 7  
IN/OUT 6  
1=dec 32  
IN/OUT 5  
1=dec 16  
IN/OUT 4  
1=dec 8  
IN/OUT 3  
1=dec 4  
IN/OUT 2  
1=dec 2  
IN/OUT 1  
1=dec 1  
Decimal  
Equiv.  
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
Table 4. Bit Values with Decimal Equivalents:  
1 = High,  
0 = Low  
Buffered vs. Latched Inputs  
In controlling the TTL IN lines, users also have the choice of two input-line states,  
buffered or latched. In the buffered state, the line levels must remain at the intended  
levels until they are read. With reference to the preceding example, the high level at TTL  
IN 1 and TTL IN 2 would have to be maintained until the lines are read. In the latched  
state, the applied levels continue to be available until read, even if they should change at  
the TTL In/Out connector.  
This control is accomplished using the EN/CLK TTL input (pin 6). If EN/CLK is open  
or high, buffered operation is established and the levels reported to the macro will be  
those in effect when the READ is made. With reference to our example, if pin 6 were left  
unconnected or a TTL high applied, TTL IN 1 and TTL IN 2 would have to be held high  
until read. If, on the other hand, EN/CLK were made to go low while TTL IN 1 and TTL  
IN 2 were high, those values would be latched for as long as EN/CLK remained low. The  
levels actually present at TTL IN 1 and TTL IN 2 could then change without changing  
the value that would be read by software.  
TTL Out  
The state of the TTL OUT lines is set from WinView/32 (or WinSpec/32). Typically, a  
program (for example, a macro) monitoring the experiment sets one or more of the TTL  
Outputs. Apparatus external to the PI-MTE system interrogates the lines and, on detecting  
the specified logic levels, takes the action appropriate to the detected condition. The  
coding is the same as for the input lines. There are eight output lines, each of which can  
be set low (0) or high (1). The combination of states defines a decimal number as  
previously described for the TTL IN lines.  
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Pin #  
Assignment  
IN 1  
Pin #  
Assignment  
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
14  
15  
16  
17  
18  
19  
20  
21  
22  
23  
24  
25  
IN 2  
IN 3  
IN 4  
IN 5  
IN 6  
IN 7  
IN 8  
GND  
GND  
EN/CLK  
(future use)  
GND  
Reserved  
GND  
OUT 2  
OUT 4  
OUT 6  
OUT 8  
GND  
OUT 1  
OUT 3  
OUT 5  
OUT 7  
Reserved  
10  
11  
12  
13  
Figure 22. TTL In/Out  
Table 5. TTL In/Out Connector Pinout  
Connector  
TTL Diagnostics Screen  
Note that WinView/32 provides a TTL  
Diagnostics screen (located in WinView/32 under  
Hardware Setup - Diagnostics) that can be used  
to test and analyze the TTL In/Out lines.  
Hardware Interface  
A cable will be needed to connect the TTL In/Out  
connector to the experiment. The design will vary  
widely according to each user’s needs, but a  
standard 25-pin female type D-subminiature  
connector will be needed to mate with the TTL  
In/Out connector on the back of the ST-133. The  
hardware at the other end of the cable will depend  
entirely on the user’s requirements. If the  
individual connections are made using coaxial  
cable for maximum noise immunity  
Figure 23. TTL Diagnostics dialog box  
(recommended), the center conductor of the coax should connect to the proper signal pin  
and the cable shield should connect to the nearest available ground (grounds are  
conveniently provided at pins 5, 8, 18 and 20).  
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61  
Connector hardware and cables of many different types are widely available and can  
®
often be obtained locally, such as at a nearby Radio Shack store. A list of possibly  
useful items follows. Note that, although the items listed may be appropriate in many  
situations, they might not meet your specific needs.  
®
25-pin female type D-subminiature solder type connector (Radio Shack part no  
276-1548B).  
RG/58U coaxial cable.  
Shielded Metalized hood (Radio Shack part no 276-1536A).  
BNC connector(s) type UG-88 Male BNC connector (Radio Shack part no 278-103).  
Example  
Suppose you needed to build a cable to monitor the line TTL OUT 1. One approach  
would be to build a cable assembly as described in the following paragraphs. This  
procedure could easily be adapted to other situations.  
1. Begin with a 25-pin female type D-subminiature solder type connector (Radio Shack  
part no 276-1548B). This connector has 25 solder points open on the back.  
2. Referring to Table 5, note that pin 8 = GND and pin 9 = TTL OUT 1.  
3. Using coaxial cable type RG/58U (6 feet length), strip out the end and solder the  
outer sheath to pin 8 (GND) and the inner line to pin 9 (TTL OUT 1). Then apply  
shielding to the lines to insulate them.  
4. Mount the connector in a Shielded Metalized hood (Radio Shack part no  
276-1536A).  
5. Build up the cable (you can use electrical tape) to where the strain relief clamp  
holds.  
6. Connect a BNC connector (UG-88 Male BNC connector) to the free end of the cable  
following the instructions supplied by Radio Shack on the box (Radio Shack part no  
278-103).  
7. To use this cable, connect the DB-25 to the TTL In/Out connector on the back of the  
ST-133.  
8. To check the cable, start WinView/32 and open the TTL Diagnostics screen (located  
in WinView under Hardware Setup - Diagnostics). Click the Write radio button.  
Then click the Output Line 1 box. Next click the OK button to actually set TTL  
OUT 1 high. Once you set the voltage, it stays until you send a new command.  
9. Measure the voltage at the BNC connector with a standard voltmeter (red on the  
central pin, black on the surrounding shielding). Before clicking OK at the TTL  
Diagnostics screen you should read 0 V. After clicking OK you should read +5 V.  
Note that adding a second length of coaxial cable and another BNC connector would be  
straightforward. However, as you increase the number of lines to be monitored, it  
becomes more convenient to consider using a multiple conductor shielded cable rather  
than individual coaxial cables.  
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Chapter 7  
Troubleshooting  
Do not attach or remove any cables while the detector system is powered on.  
WARNING!  
Introduction  
The following issues have corresponding troubleshooting sections in this chapter.  
Baseline Signal Suddenly Changes  
Camera1 (or similar name) on Hardware Setup dialog box  
Changing the ST-133 Line Voltage and Fuses  
Controller Is Not Responding  
Page 64  
Page 64  
Page 64  
Page 67  
Page 67  
Page 69  
Page 69  
Page 70  
Page 70  
Page 71  
Page 73  
Page 74  
Page 76  
Page 77  
Cooling Troubleshooting  
Data Loss or Serial Violation  
Data Overrun Due to Hardware Conflict  
Data Overrun Occurred  
Error Creating Controller message  
Error Occurs at Computer Powerup  
Program Error  
Removing/Installing a Plug-In Module  
Securing the Detector-Controller Cable Slide Latch  
Serial violations have occurred. Check interface cable.  
63  
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Baseline Signal Suddenly Changes  
In-Vacuum Operation: If you observe a sudden change in the baseline signal, turn off  
the controller. Contact the factory Customer Support Dept. for further instructions. Refer  
to page 102 for contact information.  
Out-of-Vacuum Operation: If you observe a sudden change in the baseline signal, you may  
have excessive humidity in the vacuum enclosure of the camera. Turn off the controller and  
have the camera repumped before resuming normal operation. Contact the factory Customer  
Support Dept. for further instructions. Refer to page 102 for contact information.  
Camera1 (or similar name) on Hardware Setup dialog box  
When a PVCAM-based camera is detected/selected during the Camera Detection wizard,  
a default name (e.g., Camera1,) will be shown in the Detected Hardware table and will  
be entered in the Camera Name field on the Setup|Hardware|Controller/CCD tab as  
well as in the Hardware Setup title bar. See Figure 24.  
Figure 24. Camera1 in Controller Type (Camera Name) Field  
Because this name is not particularly descriptive, you may want to change it. Such a  
change is made by editing the PVCAM.INI file that is generated by Camera Detection  
wizard.  
To change the default Camera Name:  
1. Close WinView if it is running.  
2. Using Notepad or a similar text editor, open PVCAM.INI, which is located in  
the Windows directory (C:\WINDOWS, for example).  
3. Edit the Name field.  
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Chapter 7  
Troubleshooting  
65  
4. Save the edited file.  
5. The next time you start WinView, the new name will be displayed on the  
Hardware Setup dialog.  
6. If you later re-run the Camera Detection Wizard, the name will be changed back  
to the default name (i.e., Camera1.)  
Changing the ST-133 Line Voltage and Fuses  
The appropriate voltage setting for your country is set at the factory and can be seen on  
the power module. If your voltage source changes, you will need to change the voltage  
setting and you may need to change the fuse configuration.  
Fuses  
Input  
Type  
Voltage  
Left  
Right  
2.50 A  
1.25 A  
100/120 VAC  
220/240 VAC  
0.75 A  
0.30 A  
Slow Blow  
Slow Blow  
Table 6. Fuse Ratings  
WARNING!  
Use proper fuse values and types for the controller and detector to be properly protected.  
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To Change Voltage and Fuse Configuration:  
WARNING!  
Before opening the power module, turn the Controller OFF and unplug the power cord.  
1. Verify that the power supply is turned  
OFF and the power cord is unplugged.  
2. As shown in Figure 25, place the flat  
side of a flat bladed screwdriver  
parallel to the back of the Controller  
and behind the small tab at the top of  
the power module, and twist the  
~
120V ac  
screwdriver slowly but firmly to pop  
the module open.  
3. To change the voltage setting, roll the  
selector drum until the setting that is  
closest to the actual line voltage is  
facing outwards.  
Figure 25. Power Module  
4. Turn the drum to the desired voltage  
and put the drum back into the module  
with that setting facing straight out of  
the module.  
5. Confirm the fuse ratings by removing the  
two white fuse holders. To do so, simply  
insert the flat blade of the screwdriver  
Figure 26. Voltage Selector Drum  
behind the front tab of each fuse holder  
and gently pry the assembly out.  
Figure 27. Fuse Holder  
6. Refer to Table 6 or the Fuse/Voltage label (above or below the Power Module) to  
determine which fuses are required by the selected voltage. If the Controller power switch  
is on the back of the ST-133, the Fuse/Voltage label is located below the Power Module.  
7. After inspecting and, if necessary, changing the fuses to those required by  
the selected voltage, reinstall the holders with the arrow facing to the  
right.  
8. Close the power module and verify that the correct voltage setting is  
displayed. For example, if you wanted 220 VAC, you should see 220 Vac  
in the window.  
9. Verify that the Controller power switch is in the OFF position and then plug the  
power cord back into the power module.  
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Chapter 7  
Troubleshooting  
67  
Controller Is Not Responding  
If this message pops up when you click on OK after selecting the Interface Type during  
Hardware Setup (under the WinView/32 Setup menu), the system has not been able  
to communicate with the Controller. Check to see if the Controller has been turned ON  
and if the interface card, its driver, and the interface cable have been installed.  
If the Controller is ON, the problem may be with the interface card, its driver,  
interrupt or address conflicts, or the cable connections.  
If the interface card is not installed, close WinView/32 and turn the Controller  
OFF. Follow the interface card installation instructions in Chapter 4 and cable  
the interface card to the SERIAL COM port on the rear of the Controller. Then  
do a "Custom" installation of WinView with the appropriate interface  
component selected: "PCI Interface". Be sure to deselect any interface  
component that does not apply to your system.  
If the interface card is installed in the computer and is cabled to the SERIAL  
COM port on the rear of the Controller, close WinView and turn the Controller  
OFF. Check the cable connections and tighten the locking screws if the  
connections are loose.  
If the interface card was installed after WinView has been installed, close WinView  
and do a "Custom" installation of WinView with the appropriate interface component  
selected: "PCI Interface". Be sure to deselect any interface component that does not  
apply to your system.  
Cooling Troubleshooting  
Camera does not achieve temperature lock  
If the indicator does not turn green after 30 minutes:  
The temperature setting may be at a temperature colder than the specified limit  
or the environment could be particularly warm. If this occurs, try a higher  
temperature setting. Make sure you are selecting a temperature that is  
acceptable for your particular camera and CCD array.  
The coolant may not be flowing fast enough. Check the coolant flow rate.  
Out-of-Vacuum Operation Cooling and Internal Vacuum Level  
With time, there may be a gradual deterioration of the camera’s vacuum. This may affect  
temperature performance and it may no longer be possible to achieve temperature lock at  
the lowest temperatures. In the kind of low-light imaging applications for which cooled  
CCD cameras are so well suited, it is highly desirable to maintain the system’s  
temperature performance because lower temperatures provide less thermal noise and  
better signal-to-noise ratio.  
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If your PI-MTE is designed for in-vacuum applications: Vacuum deterioration is  
normal for PI-MTE cameras that are designed for operation in vacuum chambers but are  
temporarily being operated with a visible nose in air. The elastomer gasket between the  
nose and the middle enclosure is not intended to provide a permanent vacuum. If you  
have the appropriate equipment and personnel with the necessary expertise available,  
you may pump down the camera at your facility (refer to steps 12-18 on page 94).  
If your PI-MTE is designed for out-of-vacuum applications: The camera will have an  
Indium seal between the nose and the middle enclosure. If you have the appropriate  
equipment and personnel with the necessary expertise available, you may pump down the  
camera at your facility (refer to steps 12-18 on page 94).  
WARNING  
The CCD array is subject to damage from condensation if exposed to the atmosphere  
when cold. For this reason, the camera should be kept properly evacuated or backfilled  
with dry nitrogen, free of oil or other contaminants.  
Camera loses temperature lock  
The internal temperature of the camera is too high. This might occur if:  
The operating environment is particularly warm.  
You are attempting to operate at a temperature colder than the specified limit.  
The coolant flow is insufficient.  
If the camera loses temperature lock, an internal thermal overload switch will  
disable the cooler circuits to protect them. Typically, camera operation is  
restored in about ten minutes. Although the thermal overload switch will protect  
the camera, users are advised to power down and correct the operating  
conditions that caused the thermal overload to occur. With some versions of the  
software, the indicated temperature when the camera is in thermal overload  
(thermal switch is in the cut-out state) is -100° C.  
Note: If the Detector Temperature dialog box is open, the following message will be  
displayed in the box when thermal overload is detected: "Detector Overheated! Consult  
operations manual or contact PI Technical Support if problem persists."  
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Chapter 7  
Troubleshooting  
69  
Data Loss or Serial Violation  
You may experience either or both of these conditions if the host computer has been set  
up with Power Saving features enabled. This is particularly true for power saving with  
regard to the hard drive. Make sure that Power Saving features are disabled while you  
are running WinView/32.  
Data Overrun Due to Hardware Conflict  
Figure 28. Data Overrun Due to Hardware Conflict dialog box  
If this dialog box appears when you try to acquire a test image, acquire data, or run in  
focus mode, check the CCD array size and then check the DMA buffer size. A large  
array (for example, a 2048 × 2048 array), requires a larger DMA buffer larger setting  
than that for a smaller array (for example, a 512x512 array).  
To change the DMA buffer setting:  
1. Note the array size (on the Setup|Hardware|Controller/CCD tab page or the  
Acquisition|Experiment Setup|Main tab page Full Chip dimensions).  
2. Open Setup|Environment|Environment dialog box.  
3. Increase the DMA buffer size to a minimum of 32 Mb (64 Mb if it is currently  
32 Mb or 128 Mb if it is currently 64 Mb), click on OK, and close WinView.  
4. Reboot your computer.  
5. Restart WinView and begin acquiring data or focusing. If you see the message  
again, increase the DMA buffer size.  
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Data Overrun Occurred  
Because of memory constraints and the way that USB transfers data, a "Data overrun has  
occurred" message may be displayed during data acquisition. If this message is  
displayed, perform one or more of the following actions:  
1. Minimize the number of programs running in the background while you are  
acquiring data with WinView/32.  
2. Run data acquisition in Safe Mode.  
3. Add memory.  
4. Use binning.  
5. Increase the exposure time.  
6. Defragment the hard disk.  
7. Update the Orange Micro USB2 driver. Refer to "To Update the OrangeUSB  
USB 2.0 Driver", page 28.  
If the problem persists, your application may be USB 2.0 bus limited. Since the host computer  
controls the USB 2.0 bus, there may be situations where the host computer interrupts the USB  
2.0 port. In most cases, you will not notice the interrupt. However, there are some instances  
when the data overrun cannot be overcome because USB 2.0 bus limitations combined with  
long data acquisition times and/or large data sets increase the possibility of an interrupt while  
data is being acquired. If your experiment requirements include long data acquisition times  
and/or large data sets, your application may not be suitable for the USB 2.0 interface.  
Therefore, we recommend replacement of the USB 2.0 interface module with our TAXI  
interface module and Princeton Instruments (RSPI) PCI card. If this is not the case and data  
overruns continue to occur, contact Customer Support (refer to page 102 for contact  
information).  
Error Creating Controller message  
This message may be displayed if you are using the USB 2.0 interface and have not run  
the RSConfig.exe program, if the PVCAM.INI file has been corrupted, or if the ST-133  
was not turned on before launching WinView/32 and running the Hardware Wizard.  
Figure 29. Error Creating Controller dialog box  
Error 129: Indicates the problem is with the PVCAM.INI file. Close WinView/32, run  
RSConfig, verify the ST-133 is on, reopen WinView, and run the Hardware Wizard.  
Error 183: Indicates that the ST-133 is off. If you are running the Hardware Wizard  
when this message appears, click on OK, turn on the ST-133, and, on the PVCAM  
dialog box, verify Yes is selected, and then click on Next. The Hardware Wizard  
should proceed to the Controller Type dialog box.  
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Chapter 7  
Troubleshooting  
71  
Error Occurs at Computer Powerup  
If an error occurs at boot up, either the Interface is not installed properly or there is an  
address or interrupt conflict. Turn off the computer, try a new address or interrupt and  
reinstall the card. Be sure the Interface card is firmly mounted in the slot.  
CAUTION  
Since interrupts and DMA channels cannot be shared, make sure no other boards in your  
computer use this interrupt or these DMA channels.  
Conflicts  
One of the many advantages that PCI offers over ISA is that the whole issue of address and  
interrupt assignments is user transparent and under BIOS control. As a result, users  
typically do not have to be concerned about jumpers or switches when installing a PCI  
card. Nothing more should be required than to plug in the card, make the connections, and  
operate the system. As it turns out, however, in certain situations conflicts may nevertheless  
occur and user intervention will be required to resolve them.  
Typical PCI motherboards have both ISA and PCI slots and will have both PCI and ISA  
cards installed. In the case of the ISA cards, the I/O address and Interrupt assignments  
will have been made by you and the BIOS will not know which addresses and interrupts  
have been user assigned. When a PCI card is installed, the BIOS checks for available  
addresses and interrupt levels and automatically assigns them so that there are no PCI  
address or interrupt conflicts. However, because the BIOS doesn't know about the user-  
assigned ISA I/O address and interrupt level assignments, it is possible that a PCI card  
will be assigned an address or interrupt that is already assigned to an ISA card. If this  
happens, improper operation will result. Specifically, the problems could range from  
erratic operation under specific conditions to complete system failure. If such a conflict  
occurs, because you have no control over the PCI address and interrupt assignments,  
there will be no recourse but to examine the ISA assignments and change them to values  
which do not conflict. Most (but by no means all) ISA cards make provision for selecting  
alternative I/O addresses and interrupt levels so that conflicts can be resolved. Software  
is available to help identify specific conflicts.  
The following example may serve to illustrate the problem. Suppose you had a system  
with an ISA network card, a PCI video card and an ISA sound card. Further, suppose that  
you were then going to install a PCI Serial Buffer card. Before installing the PCI Serial  
card, the I/O address and interrupt assignments for the installed cards might be as  
follows.  
Slot Type  
1 (ISA)  
Status  
ISA Network Card  
PCI Video Card  
ISA Sound Card  
Empty  
I/O Address  
200-210  
Interrupt  
11  
15  
9
2 (PCI)  
FF00-FFFF  
300-304  
N/A  
3 (ISA)  
4 (PCI)  
N/A  
Table 7. I/O Address & Interrupt Assignments before Installing Serial Card  
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Version 4.C  
As shown, there are no conflicts, allowing the three peripheral cards to operate properly.  
If the PCI Serial card were then installed, the BIOS would interrogate the PCI cards and  
may reassign them new address and interrupt values as follows.  
Slot Type  
1 (ISA)  
Status  
ISA Network Card  
PCI Video Card  
ISA Sound Card  
I/O Address(s)  
200-210  
Interrupt  
11  
11  
9
2 (PCI)  
FE00-FEFF  
300-304  
3 (ISA)  
4 (PCI)  
Princeton Instruments  
(RSPI) PCI Serial Card  
FF80-FFFF  
15  
Table 8. I/O Address & Interrupt Assignment after Installing Serial Card  
As indicated, there is now an interrupt conflict between the ISA Network Card and the  
PCI Video card (both cards have been assigned Interrupt 11), causing the computer to no  
longer function normally. This does not mean that the PCI Serial card is defective  
because the computer stops functioning properly when the Serial card is installed. What  
it does mean is that there is an interrupt conflict that can be resolved by changing the  
interrupt level on the conflicting Network card in this example. It is up to you to consult  
the documentation for any ISA cards to determine how to make the necessary change.  
Note: Changing the order of the PCI cards, that is, plugging them into different slots,  
could change the address and interrupt assignments and possibly resolve the conflict.  
However, this would be a trial and error process with no guarantee of success.  
Diagnostics Software  
Many diagnostics programs, both shareware and commercial, are available to help  
resolve conflicts. Most often, all that is required is a program that will read and report  
the address and interrupt assignments for each PCI device in the computer. One such  
program available from Princeton Instruments' Customer Support department is called  
PCICHECK. When the program is run, it reports the address and interrupt assignments  
for the first PCI device it finds. Each time the spacebar is pressed, it moves on to the next  
one and reports the address and interrupt assignments for that one as well. In a few  
moments, this information can be obtained for every PCI device in the computer. Note  
that, although there are generally only three PCI slots, the number of PCI devices  
reported may be larger because some PCI devices may be built onto the motherboard. A  
good strategy for using the program would be to run it before installing the PCI Serial  
card. Then run it again after installing the card and note any address or interrupt  
assignments that may have changed. This will allow you to easily focus on the ones that  
may be in conflict with address or interrupt assignments on ISA cards. It might be noted  
that there are many programs, such as the MSD program supplied by Microsoft, that are  
designed to read and report address and interrupt assignments, including those on ISA  
cards. Many users have had mixed results at best using these programs.  
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Chapter 7  
Troubleshooting  
73  
Operation  
There are no operating considerations that are unique to the PCI Serial card. The card  
can easily accept data as fast as any Princeton Instruments system now available can  
send it. The incoming data is temporarily stored in the card’s memory, and then  
transferred to the main computer memory when the card gains access to the bus. The PCI  
bus arbitration scheme assures that, as long as every PCI card conforms to the PCI  
guidelines, the on-board memory will never overflow.  
Unfortunately, there are some PCI peripheral cards that do not fully conform to the PCI  
guidelines and that take control of the bus for longer periods than the PCI specification  
allows. Certain video cards (particularly those that use the S3 video chip) are notorious  
in this respect. Usually you will be able to recognize when memory overflow occurs  
because the displayed video will assume a split-screen appearance and/or the message  
Hardware Conflict will be displayed (WinView/32). At the same time, the LED on the  
upper edge of the PCI Serial card will light.  
Users are thus advised not to take any actions that would worsen the possibility of  
memory overflow occurring when taking data. In that regard, avoid multitasking while  
taking data. Specific operations to avoid include multitasking (pressing ALT TAB or  
ALT ESC to start another program), or running a screensaver program.  
Program Error  
Figure 30. Program Error dialog box  
This dialog may appear if you have tried to acquire a test image, acquire data, or run in  
focusing mode and the DMA buffer size is too small. A large array (e.g., a 2048 × 2048  
array), requires a larger setting than that for a smaller array (e.g., a 512x512 array).  
To correct the problem:  
1. Click on OK.  
2. Reboot WinView.  
3. Note the array size (on the Setup|Hardware|Controller/CCD tab page or the  
Acquisition|Experiment Setup|Main tab page Full Chip dimensions). If your  
camera contains a large array (such as a 2048 × 2048 array), and the DMA buffer  
size is too small, there will not be enough space in memory for the data set.  
4. Open Setup|Environment|Environment dialog box.  
5. Increase the DMA buffer size to a minimum of 32 Mb (64 Mb if it is currently  
32 Mb or 128 Mb if it is currently 64 Mb), click on OK, and close WinView.  
6. Reboot your computer.  
7. Restart WinView and begin acquiring data or focusing. If you see the message  
again, increase the DMA buffer size.  
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74  
PI-MTE System Manual  
Version 4.C  
Removing/Installing a Plug-In Module  
The ST-133 Controller has three plug-in slots. The Analog/Control module (leftmost slot  
when the controller is viewed from the rear) and the Interface Control module (either a  
TAXI or a USB 2.0 compatible module in the middle slot) are always provided. The  
third slot, however, is covered with a blank panel.  
If a module is ever removed for any reason, internal settings should not be disturbed.  
Changing a setting could radically alter the controller’s performance. Restoring normal  
operation again without proper equipment and guidance would be very difficult, and it  
might be necessary to return the unit to the factory for recalibration.  
WARNINGS!  
1. Always turn the Controller OFF before removing or installing a module. If a  
module is removed or installed when the controller is powered, permanent  
equipment damage could occur which would not be covered by the warranty.  
2. Before handling any boards, take precautions to prevent electrostatic discharge  
(ESD). The modules are susceptible to ESD damage. Damage caused by  
improper handling is not covered by the Warranty.  
Figure 31. Module Installation  
To Remove a Module:  
1. Verify that the Controller has been turned OFF.  
2. Rotate the two locking screws (one at the top of the module and one at the bottom)  
counterclockwise until they release from the chassis.  
3. Then, grasp the module and pull it straight out.  
4. Set the module aside in a safe place. If you are replacing it with another module, as  
in the case of exchanging a TAXI module with a USB 2.0 module, you may be able  
to use the packaging from the new module to store the module being replaced. This  
packaging is usually an antistatic bag that will protect the module components from  
electrostatic discharge.  
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Chapter 7  
Troubleshooting  
75  
To Install a Module:  
Installing a module is a bit more complex because you first have to be sure the locking  
screws are aligned correctly. The following procedure is suggested:  
1. Verify that the Controller has been turned OFF.  
2. Remove the replacement module from its antistatic packaging. This packaging is  
designed to protect the module components from electrostatic discharge.  
3. Rotate the two locking screws counterclockwise until the threads on the screws  
engage those of the module panel. See Figure 31. By doing this, the screws will  
be perfectly perpendicular to the module panel and will align perfectly when the  
module is inserted.  
4. Insert the module so that the top and bottom edges of the board are riding in the  
proper guides.  
5. Gently but firmly push the module in until the 64-pin DIN connector at the back  
of the module mates with the corresponding connector on the backplane, leaving  
the module panel resting against the controller back panel.  
6. Rotate the two locking screws clockwise. As the screws are rotated, they will  
first disengage from the module panel threads, and then begin to engage those of  
the bracket behind the controller panel.  
WARNING!  
Tighten the screws to where they are just snug. Do not tighten them any further because  
you could easily bend the mating bracket.  
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76  
PI-MTE System Manual  
Version 4.C  
Securing the Detector-Controller Cable Slide Latch  
Some Princeton Instruments Detector-Controller cables use a slide latch to secure the  
Detector-Controller cable to the DETECTOR connector on the back of the ST-133.  
Incorrectly plugging this cable into the connector and improperly securing the slide latch  
may prevent communication with the PI-MTE (the camera may appear to stop working).  
1. Before trying to plug in the cable, slide the latch up (toward Pin 1). Then, plug the  
cable into the DETECTOR connector on the ST-133.  
2. Slide the latch down. You may hear a click when the latch locks.  
3. Verify that the connector is fully secured.  
If you are having trouble sliding the latch, slightly pull the connector out and then slide  
the latch into its locked position.  
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Chapter 7  
Troubleshooting  
77  
Serial violations have occurred. Check interface cable.  
Figure 32. Serial Violations Have Occurred dialog box  
This error message dialog will appear if you try to acquire an image or focus the camera  
and either (or both) of the following conditions exists:  
The camera system is not turned ON.  
There is no communication between the camera and the host computer.  
To correct the problem:  
1. Turn OFF the camera system (if it is not already OFF).  
2. Make sure the Detector-Controller cable is secured at both ends and that the  
computer interface cable is secured at both ends.  
3. After making sure that the cables are connected, turn the camera system power  
ON.  
4. Click OK on the error message dialog and retry acquiring an image or running in  
focus mode.  
Note: This error message will also be displayed if you turn the camera system OFF or a  
cable comes loose while the application software is running in Focus mode.  
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Appendix A  
Specifications  
PI-MTE Camera  
CCD Arrays  
Note: The following list may not be current. Contact the factory for up-to-date  
information on available chips and chip performance specifications.  
Princeton Instruments Exclusive: 1340 × 1300B, No AR, MPP, 20 × 20 µm pixels  
e2v CCD42-40: 2048 × 2048B, No AR, MPP, 13.5 × 13.5 µm pixels  
1240  
124.0  
12.40  
1.24  
0.124  
90  
80  
70  
60  
50  
40  
30  
20  
10  
0
1
10  
100  
1000  
10000  
79  
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Environmental  
Storage temperature: <55°C  
Operating environment: 5°C < T < 30°C  
Relative humidity: 50%; non-condensing (not applicable for open-nose)  
Power  
Maximum internal heat dissipation in watts: 90  
Cooling  
–40°C with in-vacuum operation and circulating coolant at +15°C  
–25°C with the visible nose and circulating coolant at +15°C.  
ST-133  
ST-133A Dimensions: 5.25 in (13.34 cm) width; 13.63 in (34.62 cm) length; 8.75 in  
(22.23 cm) height; 13 lb (5.9 kg) weight  
ST-133B Dimensions: 5.80 in (14.72 cm) width; 13.91 in (35.33 cm) length; 8.59 in  
(21.82 cm) height; 12.5 lb (5.7 kg) weight  
Connectors:  
VIDEO: 1 V pk-pk from 75 , BNC connector. Either RS-170 (EIA) or CCIR  
standard video as specified when system was ordered. Requires connection via  
75 cable that must be terminated into 75 .  
EXT SYNC: TTL input (BNC) to allow data acquisition to be synchronized with  
external events. Sense can be positive or negative going as set in software.  
Synchronization and Trigger Modes are discussed in Chapter 6.  
: TTL output (BNC) for monitoring camera status. TTL low when array is  
being read; otherwise high.  
: TTL output (BNC); marks start of first exposure. When run is initiated,  
remains high until completion of cleaning cycles preceding first exposure, then  
goes low and remains low for duration of run.  
Detector Interface: female, D-subminiature 25-pin connector for communication and  
data transfer between the controller and the detector. Provides power to detector.  
TTL In/Out: male, D-subminiature 25-pin connector; 8 TTL inputs; 8 TTL outputs  
TTL Input: external sync  
TTL Output: (ready) frame start; (scan) shutter/readout status  
TTL Requirements: Rise time 40 nsec, Duration 100 nsec.  
AUX BNC connector: Not currently activate. Reserved for future use  
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Appendix A  
Specifications  
81  
Serial Com Interface: female, D-subminiature 9-pin connector for RS232 serial  
communication  
Power Input: 100, 120, 220, 240 V; 47 to 63 Hz. Power to detector is provided through  
the Detector-Controller cable.  
Power Consumption: Refer to the Fuse/Voltage label on the back of the ST-133.  
Readout Bits/Pixel:  
1300B: 16 bits @ 50 kHz to 2 MHz  
2048B: 16 bits @ 50 kHz to 1 MHz  
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Appendix B  
Outline Drawings  
Note: Dimensions are in inches (mm).  
Figure 33. PI-MTE Camera (3-01-06 and later)  
83  
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Figure 34. PI-MTE Camera (8-01-05 and later)  
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Appendix B  
Outline Drawings  
85  
Figure 35. PI-MTE Camera (8-01-05 and earlier)  
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PI-MTE System Manual  
Version 4.C  
Figure 36. ST-133A Controller  
Figure 37. ST-133B Controller  
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Appendix C  
VCR and Swagelok Fittings  
VCR® Fittings  
Installation  
The VCR fittings are completely assembled and are ready to be connected. Fittings on  
the PI-MTE coolant pipes are VCR size ¼” male glands with gasket retainer assemblies  
containing copper gaskets. The flex tubing has female fittings on both ends and the 2 ¾”  
ConFlat has male fittings on both ends.  
Figure 38. VCR Fittings  
1. Verify that the gasket retaining assembly  
with copper gasket has been installed on the  
male fitting. Align the male and female  
fittings.  
2. Finger-tighten the connection. For the next  
step you will need two open-end wrenches.  
3. Place one wrench on the male fitting and  
hold it in place as you use the other wrench  
to rotate the female fitting 90º CW. For  
stainless steel or nickel gaskets, rotate  
45º CW.  
87  
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PI-MTE System Manual  
Gasket Replacement  
Version 4.C  
To ensure proper sealing, gaskets should be replaced before re-connecting previously  
connected fittings.  
1. Place one wrench on the male fitting and  
hold it in place as you use the other  
wrench to rotate the female fitting CCW.  
2. Fully loosen the connection.  
3. Remove the gasket retaining assembly  
from the tip of the male fitting. Replace  
the copper gasket and clip the assembly  
back onto the fitting.  
4. Follow the Installation instructions to  
reconnect the fittings.  
Swaglok® Fittings  
Installation  
Swagelok Tube Fittings come completely assembled, finger-tight, and are ready for  
immediate use. Disassembly before use is unnecessary and could result in dirt or foreign  
material getting into the fitting and causing leaks.  
Swagelok Tube Fittings are installed in three (3) easy steps, as follows:  
1. Simply insert the tubing into the  
Swagelok Tube Fitting. Make sure that  
the tubing rests firmly on the shoulder of  
the fitting and that the nut is finger-tight.  
2. Before tightening the Swagelok nut,  
scribe the nut at the 6 o’clock position.  
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Appendix C  
VCR and Swagelok Fittings  
3. Hold the fitting body steady with a  
89  
backup wrench and tighten this nut 1¼  
turns. Watch the scribe mark, making  
one complete revolution and continue to  
the 9 o’clock position.  
By scribing the nut at the 6 o’clock position  
as it appears to you, there will be no doubt  
as to the starting position. When the nut is  
tightened 1¼ turns to the 9 o’clock position,  
you can easily see that the fitting has been  
properly tightened.  
Notes:  
1. For 1/16, 1/8, 3/16, 2 mm, 3 mm and  
4 mm size tube fittings, only ¾ turn  
from finger tight is necessary.  
2. A Swagelok Hydraulic Swaging unit  
must be used for assembly of Swagelok  
Tube Fittings onto 1¼, 1½, 2, 28  
mm, 32 mm, and 38 mm outside  
diameter steel and stainless steel  
tubing.  
Use of the Gap Inspection Gauge (1¼ turns  
from finger-tight) ensures sufficient pull-up.  
High Pressure Applications  
or High-Safety-Factor Systems  
Due to variations in tubing diameters, a common starting point is desirable. Using a  
wrench, tighten the nut to the SNUG position. Snug is determined by tightening the nut  
until the tubing will not rotate freely (by hand) in the fitting. If tube rotation is not  
possible, tighten the nut approximately 1/8 turn from the finger-tight position. At this  
point, scribe the nut at the 6 o’clock position and tighten the nut 1¼ turns. The fitting  
will now hold pressures well above the rated working pressure of the tubing.  
Retightening Instruction  
Connections can be disconnected and retightened many times. The same reliable leak-  
proof seal can be obtained every time the connection is remade. Directions follow.  
1. Fitting shown in the disconnected position  
2. Insert tubing with preswaged ferrules into  
fitting body until front ferrule seats.  
3. Tighten nut by hand. Rotate nut to the original  
position with a wrench. An increase in  
resistance will be encountered at the original  
position.  
Then tighten slightly with the wrench. Smaller tube sizes will take less tightening to  
reach the original position, while larger tube sizes will require more tightening. The wall  
thickness will also have an effect on tightening.  
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Appendix D  
Visible <-> Open Nose Change  
Instructions  
Introduction  
The PI-MTE camera is shipped with a visible nose on the front of the camera. The  
visible nose typically includes a test lens and is designed to protect the camera during  
shipment and to allow you to verify system operation in a non-vacuum environment.  
Because you will probably be using the camera in a vacuum chamber, you will need to  
replace the visible nose with the open nose before mounting the camera in the chamber.  
Replacing the Visible Nose with the Open Nose  
The PI-MTE cameras are normally shipped with the visible nose and elastomer gasket  
installed. This nose, containing a quartz window, allows the camera to be operated in a  
non-vacuum environment and protects the CCD array from damage and contamination. If  
the camera is to be used in a vacuum chamber, the visible nose will have to be replaced  
by the open nose. This operation must be performed in a cleanroom environment.  
Read through the whole procedure before attempting it.  
WARNINGS!  
Whenever the open nose is on the camera, EXTREME CAUTION must be used to  
prevent damage to the CCD array. To prevent contamination, only handle a PI-MTE with  
an open nose in a cleanroom environment. If the camera must be removed from a  
cleanroom environment, cover the array opening. Note that the camera is even more  
vulnerable with no nose in place.  
Because the CCD array and/or the bond wires could be damaged when performing this  
operation, be very careful when replacing the nose. Damage to the array and/or bond  
wires during such an operation is not covered under warranty.  
1. Place the PI-MTE with visible nose in a  
cleanroom environment.  
2. Position the camera with the Vacuum Valve at  
the top.  
3. Using a screwdriver that closely fits the notches  
in the valve screw, slowly vent the camera by  
turning the valve screw counterclockwise. If the  
screwdriver is too small, the valve screw could be  
damaged.  
91  
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4. After the vacuum is fully vented, clamp or  
support the camera with the CCD array  
looking up.  
5. Loosen, by one turn, each of the eight (8)  
socket head screws on the face of the nose.  
6. After all of the 8 screws have been loosened  
one turn, remove all 8 screws.  
7. "Rock" the nose slightly to be sure the  
elastomer gasket has released.  
8. Be careful in performing the next step. Unless  
you are careful, the CCD array and/or the bond  
wires could be damaged. Such damage is not  
covered under warranty.  
9. Remove the nose in a direction perpendicular  
to the CCD plane. Do not slip the nose  
sideways.  
10. Remove the elastomer gasket.  
11. Store the nose and gasket in a secure location  
for future use.  
12. Being very careful, mount the open nose with the  
8 screws previously removed. (The elastomer  
gasket is not required.) In a criss-cross pattern,  
tighten the screws to 15 in-lbs.  
13. Cover the nose opening whenever the camera  
is not in the vacuum chamber.  
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Appendix D  
Visible <-> Open Nose Change Instructions  
93  
Replacing the Open Nose with the Visible Nose  
This operation should be performed in a cleanroom environment to prevent possible  
contamination of the CCD array.  
WARNINGS!  
Whenever the open nose is on the camera, EXTREME CAUTION must be used to  
prevent damage to the CCD array. To prevent contamination, only handle a PI-MTE with  
an open nose in a cleanroom environment. If the camera must be removed from a  
cleanroom environment, cover the array opening. Note that the camera is even more  
vulnerable with no nose in place.  
Because the CCD array and/or the bond wires could be damaged when performing this  
operation, be very careful when replacing the nose. Damage to the array and/or bond  
wires during such an operation is not covered under warranty.  
1. Place the PI-MTE with open nose in a  
cleanroom environment.  
2. Clamp or support the camera with the CCD  
array looking up.  
3. Loosen, by one turn, each of the eight (8) socket  
head screws on the face of the nose.  
4. After all of the 8 screws have been loosened one  
turn, remove all 8 screws.  
5. Be careful in performing the next step. Unless  
you are careful, the CCD array and/or the bond  
wires could be damaged. Such damage is not  
covered under warranty.  
6. Remove the nose in a direction perpendicular to  
the CCD plane. Do not slip the nose sideways.  
7. Store the nose in a secure location for future  
use.  
8. Prepare the visible nose and gasket by placing  
the gasket on the rear of the nose and threading  
the 4 inner screws through the gasket.  
9. Very carefully, mount the visible nose to the  
camera and secure the 4 screws previously  
placed in the nose.  
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Version 4.C  
10. Then install the remaining 4 corner screws.  
11. Using a criss-cross pattern, torque the 8 screws  
to 15 in-lbs.  
12. Verify that the O-ring seal is in place on  
the vacuum port adapter and that it is in  
good condition.  
13. Screw the vacuum port adapter into the  
Vacuum Port on the side of the camera.  
14. Connect the vacuum port adapter to a  
vacuum pump. If using an oil pump, be  
sure to use a good oil trap.  
15. Start the vacuum pump and then open the Vacuum Valve. Use a screwdriver that  
closely fits the notches in the valve screw.  
16. Evacuate the camera to 1 mTorr (or lower) for optimum performance.  
17. Tighten the Vacuum Valve screw and then stop the vacuum pump.  
18. Disconnect the vacuum port adapter and store it.  
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Appendix E  
USB 2.0 Limitations  
The following information covers the currently known limitations associated with  
operating under the USB 2.0 interface.  
Maximum cable length is 5 meters (16.4 feet)  
2 MHz is currently the upper digitization rate limit for the ST-133 Controller.  
Large data sets and/or long acquisition times may be subject to data overrun  
because of host computer interrupts during data acquisition.  
USB 2.0 is not supported by the Princeton Instruments PC Interface Library (Easy  
DLLS).  
Some WinView 2.5.X features are not fully supported with USB 2.0. Refer to  
the table below.  
Feature  
Supported with USB 2.0 in  
WinX 2.5.X  
Remarks  
Demo Port Capability  
NO  
NO  
DIF  
Kinetics  
YES  
NO  
WinX 2.5.18.1  
Reset Camera to NVRAM  
Defaults  
Temperature Lock Status  
YES  
WinX 2.5.x doesn’t utilize  
hardware lock status  
PTG  
YES  
NO  
Virtual Chip  
Custom Timing  
Custom Chip  
YES  
YES  
NO  
WinX 2.5.18.1  
WinX 2.5.18.1  
Frames per Interrupt  
RS170 (Video Output)  
Online Exposure  
File Information  
NO  
YES  
YES  
Not all header info is  
currently available in  
WinX 2.5.x through  
PVCAM  
Overlapping ROIs  
NO  
Table 9. Features Supported under USB 2.0 (continued on next page)  
95  
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PI-MTE System Manual  
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Feature  
Macro Record  
Supported with USB 2.0 in  
Remarks  
WinX 2.5.X  
YES  
Macros recorded for non-  
PVCAM cameras may  
have to be re-recorded to  
function  
TTL I/O  
NO  
Table 8. Features Supported under USB 2.0  
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Declaration of Conformity  
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Warranty & Service  
Limited Warranty:  
Princeton Instruments, a division of Roper Industries, Inc. ("Princeton Instruments",  
"us", "we", "our") makes the following limited warranties. These limited warranties  
extend to the original purchaser ("You", "you") only and no other purchaser or  
transferee. We have complete control over all warranties and may alter or terminate any  
or all warranties at any time we deem necessary.  
Basic Limited One (1) Year Warranty  
Princeton Instruments warrants this product against substantial defects in materials and /  
or workmanship for a period of up to one (1) year after shipment. During this period,  
Princeton Instruments will repair the product or, at its sole option, repair or replace any  
defective part without charge to you. You must deliver the entire product to the Princeton  
Instruments factory or, at our option, to a factory-authorized service center. You are  
responsible for the shipping costs to return the product. International customers should  
contact their local Princeton Instruments authorized representative/distributor for repair  
information and assistance, or visit our technical support page at  
www.princetoninstruments.com.  
Limited One (1) Year Warranty on Refurbished or Discontinued  
Products  
Princeton Instruments warrants, with the exception of the CCD imaging device (which  
carries NO WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED), this product against defects in  
materials or workmanship for a period of up to one (1) year after shipment. During this  
period, Princeton Instruments will repair or replace, at its sole option, any defective  
parts, without charge to you. You must deliver the entire product to the Princeton  
Instruments factory or, at our option, a factory-authorized service center. You are  
responsible for the shipping costs to return the product to Princeton Instruments.  
International customers should contact their local Princeton Instruments  
representative/distributor for repair information and assistance or visit our technical  
support page at www.princetoninstruments.com.  
XP Vacuum Chamber Limited Lifetime Warranty  
Princeton Instruments warrants that the cooling performance of the system will meet our  
specifications over the lifetime of an XP style detector (has all metal seals) or Princeton  
Instruments will, at its sole option, repair or replace any vacuum chamber components  
necessary to restore the cooling performance back to the original specifications at no cost  
to the original purchaser. Any failure to "cool to spec" beyond our Basic (1) year limited  
warranty from date of shipment, due to a non-vacuum-related component failure (e.g.,  
any components that are electrical/electronic) is NOT covered and carries NO  
WARRANTIES EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. Responsibility for shipping charges is as  
described above under our Basic Limited One (1) Year Warranty.  
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Sealed Chamber Integrity Limited 12 Month Warranty  
Princeton Instruments warrants the sealed chamber integrity of all our products for a  
period of twelve (12) months after shipment. If, at anytime within twelve (12) months  
from the date of delivery, the detector should experience a sealed chamber failure, all  
parts and labor needed to restore the chamber seal will be covered by us. Open chamber  
products carry NO WARRANTY TO THE CCD IMAGING DEVICE, EXPRESSED OR  
IMPLIED. Responsibility for shipping charges is as described above under our Basic  
Limited One (1) Year Warranty.  
Vacuum Integrity Limited 12 Month Warranty  
Princeton Instruments warrants the vacuum integrity of “Non-XP” style detectors (do not  
have all metal seals) for a period of up to twelve (12) months from the date of shipment.  
We warrant that the detector head will maintain the factory-set operating temperature  
without the requirement for customer pumping. Should the detector experience a  
Vacuum Integrity failure at anytime within twelve (12) months from the date of delivery  
all parts and labor needed to restore the vacuum integrity will be covered by us.  
Responsibility for shipping charges is as described above under our Basic Limited One  
(1) Year Warranty.  
Image Intensifier Detector Limited One Year Warranty  
All image intensifier products are inherently susceptible to Phosphor and/or  
Photocathode burn (physical damage) when exposed to high intensity light. Princeton  
Instruments warrants, with the exception of image intensifier products that are found to  
have Phosphor and/or Photocathode burn damage (which carry NO WARRANTIES  
EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED), all image intensifier products for a period of one (1) year  
after shipment. See additional Limited One (1) year Warranty terms and conditions  
above, which apply to this warranty. Responsibility for shipping charges is as described  
above under our Basic Limited One (1) Year Warranty.  
X-Ray Detector Limited One Year Warranty  
Princeton Instruments warrants, with the exception of CCD imaging device and fiber  
optic assembly damage due to X-rays (which carry NO WARRANTIES EXPRESSED  
OR IMPLIED), all X-ray products for one (1) year after shipment. See additional Basic  
Limited One (1) year Warranty terms and conditions above, which apply to this  
warranty. Responsibility for shipping charges is as described above under our Basic  
Limited One (1) Year Warranty.  
Software Limited Warranty  
Princeton Instruments warrants all of our manufactured software discs to be free from  
substantial defects in materials and / or workmanship under normal use for a period of  
one (1) year from shipment. Princeton Instruments does not warrant that the function of  
the software will meet your requirements or that operation will be uninterrupted or error  
free. You assume responsibility for selecting the software to achieve your intended  
results and for the use and results obtained from the software. In addition, during the one  
(1) year limited warranty. The original purchaser is entitled to receive free version  
upgrades. Version upgrades supplied free of charge will be in the form of a download  
from the Internet. Those customers who do not have access to the Internet may obtain the  
version upgrades on a CD-ROM from our factory for an incidental shipping and handling  
charge. See Item 12 in the following section of this warranty ("Your Responsibility") for  
more information.  
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Warranty & Service  
101  
Owner's Manual and Troubleshooting  
You should read the owner’s manual thoroughly before operating this product. In the  
unlikely event that you should encounter difficulty operating this product, the owner’s  
manual should be consulted before contacting the Princeton Instruments technical  
support staff or authorized service representative for assistance. If you have consulted  
the owner's manual and the problem still persists, please contact the Princeton  
Instruments technical support staff or our authorized service representative. See Item 12  
in the following section of this warranty ("Your Responsibility") for more information.  
Your Responsibility  
The above Limited Warranties are subject to the following terms and conditions:  
1. You must retain your bill of sale (invoice) and present it upon request for service  
and repairs or provide other proof of purchase satisfactory to Princeton  
Instruments.  
2. You must notify the Princeton Instruments factory service center within (30)  
days after you have taken delivery of a product or part that you believe to be  
defective. With the exception of customers who claim a "technical issue" with  
the operation of the product or part, all invoices must be paid in full in  
accordance with the terms of sale. Failure to pay invoices when due may result  
in the interruption and/or cancellation of your one (1) year limited warranty  
and/or any other warranty, expressed or implied.  
3. All warranty service must be made by the Princeton Instruments factory or, at our  
option, an authorized service center.  
4. Before products or parts can be returned for service you must contact the  
Princeton Instruments factory and receive a return authorization number (RMA).  
Products or parts returned for service without a return authorization evidenced  
by an RMA will be sent back freight collect.  
5. These warranties are effective only if purchased from the Princeton Instruments  
factory or one of our authorized manufacturer's representatives or distributors.  
6. Unless specified in the original purchase agreement, Princeton Instruments is not  
responsible for installation, setup, or disassembly at the customer’s location.  
7. Warranties extend only to defects in materials or workmanship as limited above  
and do not extend to any product or part which:  
has been lost or discarded by you;  
has been damaged as a result of misuse, improper installation, faulty or  
inadequate maintenance, or failure to follow instructions furnished by us;  
has had serial numbers removed, altered, defaced, or rendered illegible;  
has been subjected to improper or unauthorized repair;  
has been damaged due to fire, flood, radiation, or other "acts of God" or  
other contingencies beyond the control of Princeton Instruments; or  
is a shutter which is a normal wear item and as such carries a onetime only  
replacement due to a failure within the original 1 year Manufacturer  
warranty.  
8. After the warranty period has expired, you may contact the Princeton  
Instruments factory or a Princeton Instruments-authorized representative for  
repair information and/or extended warranty plans.  
9. Physically damaged units or units that have been modified are not acceptable for  
repair in or out of warranty and will be returned as received.  
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102  
PI-MTE System Manual  
Version 4.C  
10. All warranties implied by state law or non-U.S. laws, including the implied  
warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, are expressly  
limited to the duration of the limited warranties set forth above. With the exception of  
any warranties implied by state law or non-U.S. laws, as hereby limited, the forgoing  
warranty is exclusive and in lieu of all other warranties, guarantees, agreements, and  
similar obligations of manufacturer or seller with respect to the repair or replacement  
of any parts. In no event shall Princeton Instruments' liability exceed the cost of the  
repair or replacement of the defective product or part.  
11. This limited warranty gives you specific legal rights and you may also have other  
rights that may vary from state to state and from country to country. Some states  
and countries do not allow limitations on how long an implied warranty lasts,  
when an action may be brought, or the exclusion or limitation of incidental or  
consequential damages, so the above provisions may not apply to you.  
12. When contacting us for technical support or service assistance, please refer to  
the Princeton Instruments factory of purchase, contact your authorized Princeton  
Instruments representative or reseller, or visit our technical support page at  
www.princetoninstruments.com.  
Contact Information  
Princeton Instruments’ manufacturing facility for this product is located at the following  
address:  
Princeton Instruments  
3660 Quakerbridge Road  
Trenton, NJ 08619 (USA)  
Tel: 800-874-9789 / 609-587-9797  
Fax: 609-587-1970  
Customer Support E-mail: techsupport@princetoninstruments.com  
For immediate support in your area, please call the following locations directly:  
North America 800 899 1144 (toll free) or 609 587 9797  
France  
Germany  
Japan  
+33 (1) 60 86 03 65  
+49 (0) 89 660 7793  
+81 (3) 5639 2741  
UK & Ireland +44 (0) 1628 472 346  
Singapore  
China  
+65 6408 6240  
+86 10 659 16460  
Otherwise, refer to our Support web page at www.princetoninstruments.com.  
An up-to-date list of addresses and telephone numbers is posted on the  
www.princetoninstruments.com/Support page. In addition, links on this page to support  
topics allow you to send e-mail-based requests to the customer support group.  
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Index  
CCD array  
blooming....................................................... 45  
#-B  
64-pin DIN connector................................................. 14  
70 V shutter drive option............................................ 15  
A/D converters............................................................ 50  
AC power requirements.............................................. 23  
Analog/Control module.............................................. 14  
AUX BNC connector ................................................. 80  
Background DC level ........................................ 44, 50  
Background subtraction.............................................. 53  
Back-plane.................................................................. 14  
Baseline signal...................................................... 44, 50  
excessive humidity ........................................45  
factory set for 2 MHz controller ....................50  
ST-133 zero adjustment.................................15  
sudden change in ...........................................45  
Binning  
maximum on-chip integration............................ 45  
readout theory ............................................... 47  
shift register .................................................. 47  
signal-to-noise ratio vs on chip integration time... 45  
theory of operation........................................ 42  
well capacity ................................................. 45  
Clean cycles................................................................ 45  
Cleaning...................................................................... 11  
Cold finger.................................................................... 9  
Composite video output............................................... 15  
Condensation .............................................................. 44  
Connectors  
ST-133,  
ST-133,  
........................................... 15  
............................................... 15  
ST-133, AUX Output .................................... 16  
ST-133, Detector........................................... 15  
ST-133, External Sync .................................. 15  
ST-133, Serial COM (TAXI)......................... 15  
ST-133, TTL In/Out...................................... 16  
ST-133, USB 2.0........................................... 16  
ST-133, Video Output ...................................... 15  
Contact information.................................................. 102  
Continuous cleans....................................................... 46  
Controller modules ..................................................... 14  
Coolant  
computer memory burden ..............................48  
hardware .......................................................47  
on-chip..........................................................47  
readout time ..................................................48  
resolution loss ...............................................48  
software..........................................................48  
effect on S/N ratio................................................. 48  
high light level measurements.............................. 49  
shot-noise limited measurements......................... 49  
well capacity....................................................48  
Blooming .................................................................... 45  
flow rate......................................................... 41  
mixture ratio ................................................. 22  
pH of ............................................................ 33  
port locations ................................................ 23  
ports.............................................................. 23  
temperature control ....................................... 22  
tubing sizes ................................................... 23  
Coolant circulator  
coolant flow rate ........................................... 33  
coolant temperature.................................... 33, 42  
fluid pressure, maximum ............................... 33  
installation .................................................... 33  
Cooling........................................................................ 13  
Cooling and vacuum................................................... 67  
Cooling block.............................................................. 35  
Customer support...................................................... 102  
C
Cables  
fiber optic .......................................................16  
PCI interface ...................................................16  
TAXI .............................................................16  
USB 2.0 ........................................................16  
Camera Detection wizard ..................................... 32, 64  
Cautions  
baseline signal shift ................................. 50, 64  
coolant pH.....................................................33  
coolant temperature .................................... 33, 42  
DMA and Interrupt ........................................71  
excessive humidity in CCD chamber..............45  
zero adjustments............................................15  
103  
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104  
PI-MTE System Manual  
Version 4.C  
D-E  
G-I  
Dark charge................................................................. 54  
definition of ..................................................44  
dynamic range ......................................... 44, 45  
temperature dependence ................................44  
typical values ................................................44  
Dark current................................................................ 44  
Detector connector (ST-133)...................................... 15  
Digitization ................................................................. 49  
DMA buffer size......................................................... 38  
Drawings, dimensioned ........................................83–86  
Dynamic range...................................................... 44, 45  
Enclosures  
Gasket replacement..................................................... 88  
Grounding and safety (ST-133).................................... 9  
Hardware binning ....................................................... 47  
High pressure applications.......................................... 89  
High-Safety factor systems......................................... 89  
Hose connections........................................................ 33  
Humidity, in vacuum enclosure ................................... 64  
I/O Address conflicts.................................................. 71  
IEC Publication 348 ..................................................... 9  
Installation  
coolant circulator .......................................... 33  
hose connections ........................................... 33  
PCI card driver.............................................. 26  
PCI drivers.................................................... 25  
software ........................................................ 25  
tubing............................................................ 33  
USB 2.0 driver .............................................. 29  
Interface card  
CCD................................................................9  
electronics.......................................................9  
heat-removal block and coolant .......................9  
Environmental conditions..................................... 22, 80  
Excessive humidity..................................................... 45  
Exposure and Readout................................................ 35  
Exposure time............................................................. 52  
External Sync  
driver installation .......................................... 25  
PCI  
background subtraction..................................53  
dark charge accumulation ..............................54  
input pulse.....................................................53  
shutter synchronization..................................53  
timing............................................................53  
timing mode ..................................................53  
External synchronization ...................See External Sync  
High Speed PCI.....................................................26  
PCI(Timer)............................................................26  
Interface Control module............................................ 14  
Interrupt conflicts........................................................ 71  
ISA serial card  
I/O address, DMA channel, and interrupt level  
................................................................. 71  
F
L-O  
Fan ........................................................................ 15, 22  
Fast Mode.................................................................... 56  
data acquisition ...............................................56  
flowchart .......................................................57  
image update lag..............................................56  
Fiber optic cable (PCI optional)................................... 16  
First images procedure................................................. 37  
First light..................................................................... 37  
Flow rate, coolant ....................................................... 33  
Fluid pressure, flow rate ............................................. 33  
Freerun  
Line voltage selection  
procedure...................................................... 65  
selector drum ................................................ 24  
Maintenance................................................................ 11  
Memory allocation...................................................... 38  
Module  
installation .................................................... 75  
removal......................................................... 74  
NOT READY signal................................................... 15  
NOT SCAN signal ................................................ 15, 52  
Outline drawings  
experiments best suited for ............................52  
timing  
PI-MTE......................................................... 85  
P
diagram.................................................................. 53  
flowchart ............................................................... 52  
mode of data synchronization .............................. 52  
Full frame readout....................................................... 47  
Fuse  
PCI card driver installation......................................... 26  
PCI serial interface card  
diagnostics software ...................................... 72  
fiber optic adapters........................................... 16  
installation .................................................... 26  
non-conforming peripheral cards ................... 73  
Peltier effect................................................................ 35  
replacement ...................................................65  
requirements..................................................23  
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Index  
105  
PI-MTE  
Shutter  
cooling  
Cajon Ultra Torr tubing fittings.......................... 41  
external synchronization................................ 52  
modes  
condensation ......................................................... 42  
coolant flow rate .................................................. 41  
liquid coolant ........................................................ 41  
enclosures .......................................................9  
outline drawing.................................. 83, 84, 85  
system components........................................21  
temperature range ..........................................35  
Plug-in modules, installation and removal ................. 74  
Power cord.................................................................. 23  
Power down procedure............................................... 40  
Power module............................................................. 15  
Power requirements.................................................... 23  
Power switch and indicator......................................... 14  
Powerup procedure..................................................... 38  
Preopen Shutter mode................................................. 53  
Princeton Instruments USB2 driver installation......... 29  
Procedures  
familiarization and checkout...............................37  
First images.....................................................37  
line voltage selection and line fuse ................65  
plug-in module installation/removal...............75  
Programmable TTL interface  
connector ......................................................16  
pinout levels ..................................................58  
PVCAM.INI ............................................................... 64  
Disable...................................................................52  
Normal...................................................................52  
Preopen............................................................52, 53  
shutter setting selector................................... 15  
ST-133 connector............................................. 15  
SHUTTER signal.................................................. 15, 52  
Signal-to-noise ratio  
on-chip integration........................................... 45  
Slide latch operation................................................... 76  
Software binning......................................................... 49  
Specifications  
CCD array..................................................... 79  
PI-MTE......................................................... 80  
ST-133.......................................................... 80  
ST-133 Controller  
description of ................................................ 13  
External Sync................................................ 15  
fuse/voltage label .......................................... 16  
grounding and safety ....................................... 9  
power module ............................................... 15  
power requirements ....................................... 23  
Serial COM (TAXI) ...................................... 15  
TTL In/Out ................................................... 16  
USB 2.0 ........................................................ 16  
zero adjustment ............................................. 15  
ST-133 Temperature Lock LED ................................ 15  
Swagelok fittings  
high pressure/high-safety factor..................... 89  
installation .................................................... 88  
retightening................................................... 89  
System power down.................................................... 40  
System powerup.......................................................... 38  
R
Readout  
background subtraction..................................50  
binning..........................................................47  
hardware................................................................ 47  
software................................................................. 48  
pattern subtraction.........................................50  
subsection of array ........................................47  
time...............................................................52  
Requirements  
T
TAXI  
cable ............................................................. 16  
interface card.................................................. 17  
Technical support ..................................................... 102  
Temperature  
power ............................................................23  
ventilation .....................................................22  
Resolution, loss of with binning................................. 48  
effect of vacuum deterioration....................... 67  
problems ....................................................... 67  
setting............................................................ 43  
thermal cutout switch .................................... 68  
Temperature Lock LED.............................................. 15  
Thermal cutout switch ................................................ 68  
ThermoCUBE.......................................................... 18  
Thermoelectric cooler............................................. 9, 35  
Timing control............................................................. 56  
Timing modes............................................................. 52  
S
S/N ratio................................................................ 45, 48  
Safe Mode  
as used for setting up .....................................56  
fast image update...........................................56  
flowchart .......................................................57  
missed events ................................................56  
Saturation.................................................................... 45  
Shift register................................................................ 47  
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106  
PI-MTE System Manual  
Version 4.C  
Troubleshooting  
Warnings (cont.)  
camera1 in Camera Name field ......................64  
TTL In/Out  
open nose................................................ 91, 93  
opening the ST-133 power module ................ 66  
overtightening the ST-133 module screws ..... 75  
protective grounding ....................................... 9  
replacement power cord ................................ 10  
ST-133 fuse type ........................................... 65  
ST-133 module installation/removal under  
hardware interface .........................................60  
pin assignments..............................................58  
ST-133 connector ..........................................16  
Tubing connections..................................................... 33  
Tygon tubing............................................................... 22  
power........................................................ 74  
touching the CCD array................................. 10  
Warranties  
U-V  
Upgrade Device Driver wizard................................... 28  
USB 2.0  
image intensifier detector ............................ 100  
one year ........................................................ 99  
one year on refurbished/discontinued products  
................................................................. 99  
owner's manual and troubleshooting................. 101  
sealed chamber............................................ 100  
software ...................................................... 100  
vacuum integrity ......................................... 100  
XP vacuum chamber...................................... 99  
x-ray detector.............................................. 100  
your responsibility ...................................... 101  
Website ..................................................................... 102  
Well capacity.............................................................. 45  
blooming....................................................... 45  
restrictions on hardware binning ......................... 48  
saturation ...................................................... 45  
Wizard  
cable .............................................................16  
data overrun ..................................................70  
installation ....................................................29  
interface card.................................................17  
Vacuum deterioration ................................................. 67  
Vacuum port adapter ............................................ 17, 94  
VCR fittings  
gasket replacement ........................................88  
installation ....................................................87  
Ventilation requirements ............................................ 22  
W-Z  
Warnings  
camera warmup requirements.........................41  
cleaning.........................................................11  
condensation damage............................... 41, 44  
Controller/Camera cable ................................14  
coolant hazard ...............................................22  
coolant pH.....................................................33  
module installation/removal under power.......14  
nose replacement ............................... 35, 91, 93  
Upgrade Device Driver ................................. 28  
Wizard, Camera Detection ................................... 32, 64  
Zero adjustment ............................... See Baseline signal  
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