User’s Manual - Preliminary -
Philips Semiconductors
P89LPC906/907/908
Table of Contents
Real-time Clock Source........................................................................... 47
Changing RTCS1-0 ................................................................................. 50
Brownout Detection ................................................................................. 53
Power-On Detection ................................................................................ 54
Mode 0..................................................................................................... 59
Mode 1..................................................................................................... 59
Mode 2..................................................................................................... 59
Mode 3..................................................................................................... 59
SFR Space .............................................................................................. 60
Framing Error........................................................................................... 61
Break Detect............................................................................................ 61
Break Detect............................................................................................ 65
Double Buffering...................................................................................... 66
9. Reset .................................................................................................... 71
10. Analog Comparators........................................................................... 73
Comparator Interrupt ............................................................................... 74
11. Keypad Interrupt (KBI)........................................................................ 77
12. Watchdog Timer ................................................................................. 79
Watchdog Function.................................................................................. 79
Feed Sequence ....................................................................................... 80
3
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User’s Manual - Preliminary -
Philips Semiconductors
P89LPC906/907/908
Table of Contents
Power down operation............................................................................. 84
13. Additional Features............................................................................. 87
Software Reset ........................................................................................ 87
Dual Data Pointers................................................................................... 87
General description.................................................................................. 89
Introduction to IAP-Lite ............................................................................ 89
User Configuration Bytes......................................................................... 96
User Security Bytes ................................................................................. 97
Boot Vector.............................................................................................. 98
Boot Status .............................................................................................. 98
15. Instruction set ..................................................................................... 99
16. Revision History................................................................................ 103
17. Index................................................................................................. 105
4
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User’s Manual - Preliminary -
Philips Semiconductors
P89LPC906/907/908
List of Figures
List of Figures
Special function registers table - P89LPC906. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Special function registers table - P89LPC907. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Special function registers table - P89LPC908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
P89LPC906/907/908 Memory Map. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Using the Crystal Oscillator - P89LPC906 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
On-Chip RC Oscillator TRIM Register. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Block Diagram of Oscillator Control - P89LPC906 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Interrupt priority level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Summary of Interrupts - P89LPC906 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Summary of Interrupts - P89LPC907,P89LPC908 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Number of I/O Pins Available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Port Output Configuration Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Quasi-Bidirectional Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Open Drain Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Input Only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Push-Pull Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Port Output Configuration - P89LPC906. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Port Output Configuration - P89LPC907 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Port Output Configuration - P89LPC908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Additional Port Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Timer/Counter Mode Control register (TMOD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Timer/Counter Auxiliary Mode Control register (TAMOD). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Timer/Counter Control register (TCON) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Timer/Counter 0 or 1 in Mode 0 (13-bit counter). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Timer/Counter 0 or 1 in Mode 1 (16-bit counter). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Timer/Counter 0 or 1 in Mode 2 (8-bit auto-reload). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Timer/Counter 0 Mode 3 (two 8-bit counters) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Timer/Counter 0 in Mode 6 (PWM auto-reload), P89LPC907. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Real-time clock/system timer Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Real-time Clock/System Timer Clock Source - P89LPC906. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
RTCCON Register. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Brownout Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Power Reduction Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Power Control Register (PCON) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Power Control Register (PCONA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
SFR Locations for UARTs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Baud Rate Generation for UART. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
BRGCON Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Baud Rate Generations for UART (Modes 1, 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
5
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User’s Manual - Preliminary -
Philips Semiconductors
P89LPC906/907/908
List of Figures
Serial Port Control Register (SCON). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Serial Port Status Register (SSTAT). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Serial Port Mode 0 (Double Buffering Must Be Disabled) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Serial Port Mode 1 (Only Single Transmit Buffering Case Is Shown) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
FE and RI when SM2 = 1 in Modes 2 and 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Transmission with and without Double Buffering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Block Diagram of Reset. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Reset Sources Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Comparator Control Register (CMP1). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Comparator Input and Output Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Comparator Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Keypad Pattern Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Keypad Control Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Keypad Interrupt Mask Register (KBM). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
.Watchdog timer configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Watchdog Prescaler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Watchdog Timer Control Register. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
P89LPC906/907/908 Watchdog Timeout Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Watchdog Timer in Watchdog Mode (WDTE = 1). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Watchdog Timer in Timer Mode (WDTE = 0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
AUXR1 Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Flash Memory Control Register. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Assembly language routine to erase/program all or part of a page. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
C-language routine to erase/program all or part of a page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Flash elements accesable through IAP-Lite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Assembly language routine to erase/program a flash element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
C-language routine to erase/program a flash element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
C-language routine to read a flash element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Flash User Configuration Byte 1 (UCFG1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
User Sector Security Bytes (SEC0 ... SEC3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Effects of Security Bits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Boot Vector (BOOTVEC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Boot Status (BOOTSTAT). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Instruction set summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
6
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User’s Manual - Preliminary -
Philips Semiconductors
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
P89LPC906/907/908
1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The P89LPC906/907/908 is a single-chip microcontroller designed for applications demanding high-integration, low cost
solutions over a wide range of performance requirements. The P89LPC906/907/908 is based on a high performance processor
architecture that executes instructions six times the rate of standard 80C51 devices. Many system level functions have been
incorporated into the P89LPC906/907/908 in order to reduce component count, board space, and system cost.
PIN CONFIGURATIONS
8-Pin Packages
P89LPC906
RST/P1.5
VSS
P0.4/CIN1A/KBI4
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
P0.5/CMPREF/KBI5
VDD
P0.6/CMP1/KBI6
XTAL1/P3.1
CLKOUT/XTAL2/P3.0
P89LPC907
P0.4/CIN1A/KBI4
P0.5/CMPREF/KBI5
VDD
RST/P1.5
VSS
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
P0.6/CMP1/KBI6
P1.2/T0
P1.0/TxD
P89LPC908
RST/P1.5
VSS
P0.4/CIN1A/KBI4
P0.5/CMPREF/KBI5
VDD
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
P0.6/CMP1/KBI6
P1.1/RxD
P1.0/TXD
7
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GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Logic Symbols
P89LPC906/907/908
VDD VSS
KBI4
CIN1A
KBI5
KBI6
CMPREF
RST
P89
CMP1
LPC906
CLKOUT
XTAL2
XTAL1
VDD VSS
KBI4
KBI5
KBI6
CIN1A
CMPREF
CMP1
RST
T0
TxD
P89
LPC907
VDD VSS
KBI4
KBI5
KBI6
CIN1A
CMPREF
CMP1
RST
RxD
TxD
P89
LPC908
PRODUCT COMPARISON
The following table highlights differences between these three devices.
UART
Analog
comparator
Part number Ext crystal pins CLKOUT output T0 PWM output
TxD RxD
P89LPC906
P89LPC907
P89LPC908
X
-
X
-
-
X
-
X
X
X
-
-
-
X
X
-
-
X
8
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GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Block Diagram - P89LPC906
P89LPC906/907/908
High Performance
Accelerated 2-clock 80C51
CPU
1 KB Code
Flash
Internal Bus
Timer0
Timer1
128 byte
Data RAM
Port 3
Configurable I/Os
Real-Time Clock/
System Timer
Port 1
Input
Port 0
Configurable I/Os
Analog
Comparator
Keypad
Interrupt
Watchdog Timer
and Oscillator
CPU
Clock
Programmable
Oscillator Divider
Power Monitor
(Power-On Reset,
Brownout Reset)
On-Chip
RC
Oscillator
Configurable
Oscillator
Crystal or
Resonator
9
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User’s Manual - Preliminary -
Philips Semiconductors
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Block Diagram - P89LPC907
P89LPC906/907/908
High Performance
Accelerated 2-clock 80C51
CPU
1 KB Code
Flash
Internal Bus
UART
128 byte
Data RAM
Timer0
Timer1
Port 1
Configurable I/O
Real-Time Clock/
System Timer
Port 0
Configurable I/Os
Analog
Comparator
Keypad
Interrupt
Watchdog Timer
and Oscillator
CPU
Clock
Programmable
Oscillator Divider
Power Monitor
(Power-On Reset,
Brownout Reset)
On-Chip
RC
Oscillator
10
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GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Block Diagram - P89LPC908
P89LPC906/907/908
High Performance
Accelerated 2-clock 80C51
CPU
UART
1 KB Code
Flash
Internal Bus
Timer0
Timer1
128 byte
Data RAM
Real-Time Clock/
System Timer
Port 1
Configurable I/Os
Port 0
Configurable I/Os
Analog
Comparator
Keypad
Interrupt
Watchdog Timer
and Oscillator
CPU
Clock
Programmable
Oscillator Divider
Power Monitor
(Power-On Reset,
Brownout Reset)
On-Chip
RC
Oscillator
11
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GENERAL DESCRIPTION
P89LPC906/907/908
PIN DESCRIPTIONS - P89LPC906
Mnemonic
Pin no.
Type Name and function
I/O Port 0:
P0.4 - P0.6
3, 7,8
Port 0 is an I/O port with a user-configurable output types. During reset Port
0 latches are configured in the input only mode with the internal pullup
disabled. The operation of port 0 pins as inputs and outputs depends upon
the port configuration selected. Each port pin is configured independently.
Characteristics in the datasheet for details.
The Keypad Interrupt feature operates with port 0 pins.
All pins have Schmitt triggered inputs.
Port 0 also provides various special functions as described below.
8
7
3
1
I/O
P0.4
Port 0 bit 4.
I
CIN1A Comparator 1 positive input.
I
KBI4
P0.5
Keyboard Input 4.
Port 0 bit 5.
I/O
I
CMPREFComparator reference (negative) input.
I
I/O
O
I
KBI5
P0.6
Keyboard Input 5.
Port 0 bit 6.
CMP1 Comparator 1 output.
KBI6
P1.5
RST
Keyboard Input 6.
P1.5
I
Port 1 bit 5. (Input only)
I
External Reset input during power-on or if selected via UCFG1. When
functioning as a reset input a low on this pin resets the microcontroller,
causing I/O ports and peripherals to take on their default states, and the
processor begins execution at address 0. Also used during a power-on
sequence to force In-Circuit Programming mode.
P3.0 - P3.1
4,5
I/O Port 3
Port 3 is an I/O port with a user-configurable output types. During reset Port
3 latches are configured in the input only mode with the internal pullups
disabled. The operation of port 3 pins as inputs and outputs depends upon
the port configuration selected. Each port pin is configured independently.
Characteristics in the datasheet for details.
All pins have Schmitt triggered inputs.
Port 3 also provides various special functions as described below:
P3.0 Port 3 bit 0.
5
4
I/O
O
XTAL2 Output from the oscillator amplifier (when a crystal oscillator option is
selected via the FLASH configuration).
O
CLKOUTCPU clock divided by 2 when enabled via SFR bit (ENCLK - TRIM.6). It can
be used if the CPU clock is the internal RC oscillator, watchdog oscillator or
external clock input, except when XTAL1/XTAL2 are used to generate clock
source for the Real-Time clock/system timer.
I/O
I
P3.1
Port 3 bit 1.
XTAL1 Input to the oscillator circuit and internal clock generator circuits (when
selected via the FLASH configuration). It can be a port pin if internal RC
oscillator or watchdog oscillator is used as the CPU clock source, AND if
XTAL1/XTAL2 are not used to generate the clock for the Real-Time clock/
system timer.
V
2
6
I
I
Ground: 0V reference.
SS
V
Power Supply: This is the power supply voltage for normal operation as well as Idle and
DD
Power down modes.
12
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GENERAL DESCRIPTION
P89LPC906/907/908
PIN DESCRIPTIONS - P89LPC907
Mnemonic
Pin no.
Type Name and function
I/O Port 0:
P0.4 - P0.6
3, 7,8
Port 0 is an I/O port with a user-configurable output types. During reset Port
0 latches are configured in the input only mode with the internal pullup
disabled. The operation of port 0 pins as inputs and outputs depends upon
the port configuration selected. Each port pin is configured independently.
Characteristics in the datasheet for details.
The Keypad Interrupt feature operates with port 0 pins.
All pins have Schmitt triggered inputs.
Port 0 also provides various special functions as described below.
8
7
I/O
P0.4
Port 0 bit 4.
I
CIN1A Comparator 1 positive input.
I
I/O
I
KBI4
P0.5
Keyboard Input 4.
Port 0 bit 5.
CMPREFComparator reference (negative) input.
I
KBI5
P0.6
Keyboard Input 5.
Port 0 bit 6.
3
I/O
O
I
CMP1 Comparator 1 output.
KBI6
Port 1:
Keyboard Input 6.
P1.0-P1.5
1,4,5
Port 1 is an I/O port with a user-configurable output types. During reset Port
1 latches are configured in the input only mode with the internal pull-up
disabled. The operation of the configurable port 1 pins as inputs and
outputs depends upon the port configuration selected. Each of the
configurable port pins are programmed independently. Refer to the section
Port Configurations on page 35 and the DC Electrical Characteristics in the
datasheet for details.
P1.5 is input only.
All pins have Schmitt triggered inputs.
Port 1 also provides various special functions as described below.
5
4
1
I/O
O
P1.0
TxD
P1.2
T0
Port 1 bit 0.
Serial port transmitter data.
Port 1 bit 2.
I/O
I/O
I
Timer 0 external clock input, toggle output, PWM output.
Port 1 bit 5. (Input only)
P1.5
RST
I
External Reset input during power-on or if selected via UCFG1. When
functioning as a reset input a low on this pin resets the microcontroller,
causing I/O ports and peripherals to take on their default states, and the
processor begins execution at address 0. Also used during a power-on
sequence to force In-Circuit Programming mode.
V
2
6
I
I
Ground: 0V reference.
SS
V
Power Supply: This is the power supply voltage for normal operation as well as Idle
DD
and Power down modes.
13
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GENERAL DESCRIPTION
P89LPC906/907/908
PIN DESCRIPTIONS - P89LPC908
Mnemonic
Pin no.
Type Name and function
I/O Port 0:
P0.4 - P0.6
3, 7,8
Port 0 is an I/O port with a user-configurable output types. During reset Port
0 latches are configured in the input only mode with the internal pullup
disabled. The operation of port 0 pins as inputs and outputs depends upon
the port configuration selected. Each port pin is configured independently.
Characteristics in the datasheet for details.
The Keypad Interrupt feature operates with port 0 pins.
All pins have Schmitt triggered inputs.
Port 0 also provides various special functions as described below.
8
7
I/O
P0.4
Port 0 bit 4.
I
CIN1A Comparator 1 positive input.
I
I/O
I
KBI4
P0.5
Keyboard Input 4.
Port 0 bit 5.
CMPREFComparator reference (negative) input.
I
KBI5
P0.6
Keyboard Input 5.
Port 0 bit 6.
3
I/O
O
I
CMP1 Comparator 1 output.
KBI6
Port 1:
Keyboard Input 6.
P1.0 - P1.5
1,4,5
Port 1 is an I/O port with a user-configurable output types. During reset Port
1 latches are configured in the input only mode with the internal pull-up
disabled. The operation of the configurable port 1 pins as inputs and
outputs depends upon the port configuration selected. Each of the
configurable port pins are programmed independently. Refer to the section
Port Configurations on page 35 and the DC Electrical Characteristics in the
datasheet for details.
P1.5 is input only.
All pins have Schmitt triggered inputs.
Port 1 also provides various special functions as described below.
5
4
1
I/O
P1.0
TxD
P1.1
RxD
P1.5
RST
Port 1 bit 0.
O
Serial port transmitter data.
Port 1 bit 1.
I/O
I
I
I
Serial port receiver data.
Port 1 bit 5. (Input only)
External Reset input during power-on or if selected via UCFG1. When
functioning as a reset input a low on this pin resets the microcontroller,
causing I/O ports and peripherals to take on their default states, and the
processor begins execution at address 0. Also used during a power-on
sequence to force In-Circuit Programming mode.
V
2
6
I
I
Ground: 0V reference.
SS
V
Power Supply: This is the power supply voltage for normal operation as well as Idle
DD
and Power down modes.
14
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GENERAL DESCRIPTION
P89LPC906/907/908
Special function registers
Note: Special function registers (SFRs) accesses are restricted in the following ways:
1. User must NOT attempt to access any SFR locations not defined.
2. Accesses to any defined SFR locations must be strictly for the functions for the SFRs.
3. SFR bits labeled ’-’, ’0’ or ’1’ can ONLY be written and read as follows:
- ’-’ Unless otherwise specified, MUST be written with ’0’, but can return any value when read (even if it was written with ’0’).
It is a reserved bit and may be used in future derivatives.
- ’0’ MUST be written with ’0’, and will return a ’0’ when read.
- ’1’ MUST be written with ’1’, and will return a ’1’ when read.
Table 1: Special function registers table - P89LPC906
Bit Functions and Addresses
Reset Value
SFR
Address
Name
Description
LSB
MSB
Hex
Binary
E7
E6
E5
E4
E3
E2
E1
E0
ACC*
Accumulator
E0H
A2H
00H 00000000
1
AUXR1# Auxiliary Function Register
CLKLP
F7
-
-
ENT0
F4
SRST
F3
0
-
DPS
F0
00H 000000x0
F6
F5
F2
F1
B*
B Register
F0H
ACH
95H
00H 00000000
1
CMP1#
DIVM#
Comparator 1Control Register
CPU Clock Divide-by-M Control
-
-
CE1
-
CN1
OE1
CO1
CMF1
00H xx000000
00H 00000000
DPTR
DPH
DPL
Data Pointer (2 bytes)
Data Pointer High
Data Pointer Low
83H
82H
00H 00000000
00H 00000000
FMADRH# Program Flash Address High
FMADRL# Program Flash Address Low
Program Flash Control (Read)
E7H
E6H
00H 00000000
00H 00000000
70H 01110000
BUSY
-
-
-
HVA
HVE
SV
OI
FMCON#
E4H
FMCMD. FMCMD. FMCMD. FMCMD. FMCMD. FMCMD. FMCMD. FMCMD.
Program Flash Control (Write)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
FMDATA# Program Flash Data
E5H
A8H
00H 00000000
00H 00000000
IEN0*
Interrupt Enable 0
EA
EWDRT
EBO
-
ET1
-
ET0
-
EF
-
EE
-
ED
-
EC
-
EB
-
EA
EC
E9
E8
-
1
IEN1*#
Interrupt Enable 1
E8H
EKBI
00H 00x00000
BF
-
BE
BD
BC
-
BB
BA
-
B9
B8
-
1
IP0*
Interrupt Priority 0
Interrupt Priority 0 High
Interrupt Priority 1
B8H
B7H
F8H
PWDRT
PBO
PT1
PT0
00H x0000000
PWDRT
H
1
IP0H#
IP1*#
-
PBOH
-
PT1H
-
PT0H
-
00H x0000000
FF
-
FE
-
FD
-
FC
-
FB
-
FA
PC
F9
F8
-
1
PKBI
00H 00x00000
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GENERAL DESCRIPTION
P89LPC906/907/908
Bit Functions and Addresses
Reset Value
SFR
Address
Name
Description
LSB
MSB
Hex
Binary
1
IP1H#
Interrupt Priority 1 High
F7H
94H
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
PCH
-
PKBIH
-
00H 00x00000
PATN_S
EL
1
KBCON# Keypad Control Register
KBIF
00H
xxxxxx00
KBMASK# Keypad Interrupt Mask Register
KBPATN# Keypad Pattern Register
86H
93H
00H 00000000
FFH 11111111
87
-
86
85
84
83
-
82
-
81
-
80
-
CMP1/ CMPREF/ CIN/1A
KB6
P0*
Port 0
80H
Note 1
KB5
KB4
97
-
96
-
95
RST
B5
-
94
-
93
-
92
-
91
-
90
-
P1*
P3*
Port 1
Port 3
90H
B0H
B7
-
B6
-
B4
-
B3
-
B2
-
B1
B0
XTAL1
XTAL2
Note 1
P0M1#
P0M2#
P1M1#
P1M2#
P3M1#
P3M2#
Port 0 Output Mode 1
Port 0 Output Mode 2
Port 1 Output Mode 1
Port 1 Output Mode 2
Port 3 Output Mode 1
Port 3 Output Mode 2
84H
85H
91H
92H
B1H
B2H
-
-
-
-
-
-
(P0M1.6) (P0M1.5) (P0M1.4)
(P0M2.6) (P0M2.5) (P0M2.4)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
FFH 11111111
00H 00000000
1
-
-
-
-
(P1M1.5)
-
-
-
-
FFH 11111111
1
(P1M2.5)
00H 00000000
1
-
-
(P3M1.1) (P3M1.0) 03H
(P3M2.1) (P3M2.0) 00H
xxxxxx11
xxxxxx00
1
PCON#
Power Control Register
87H
B5H
-
-
-
BOPD
VCPD
BOI
-
GF1
-
GF0
-
PMOD1 PMOD0 00H 00000000
1
PCONA# Power Control Register A
RTCPD
-
-
00000000
00H
D7
CY
D6
AC
D5
F0
D4
D3
D2
D1
F1
D0
P
PSW*
Program Status Word
D0H
F6H
DFH
RS1
RS0
OV
00H 00000000
00H xx00000x
PT0AD#
Port 0 Digital Input Disable
-
-
-
-
PT0AD.5 PT0AD.4
-
-
-
-
-
-
RSTSRC# Reset Source Register
BOF
POF
-
R_WD
-
R_SF
ERTC
R_EX
Note 2
RTCCON# Real-Time Clock Control
D1H
D2H
D3H
RTCF
RTCS1 RTCS0
RTCEN 60H
011xxx00
RTCH#
RTCL#
Real-Time Clock Register High
Real-Time Clock Register Low
00H 00000000
00H 00000000
SP
Stack Pointer
81H
8FH
07H 00000111
00H xxx0xxx0
TAMOD# Timer 0 Auxiliary Mode
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T0M2
8F
8E
8D
8C
8B
-
8A
-
89
-
88
-
TCON*
Timer 0 and 1 Control
88H
TF1
TR1
TF0
TR0
00H 00000000
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GENERAL DESCRIPTION
P89LPC906/907/908
Bit Functions and Addresses
Reset Value
SFR
Address
Name
Description
LSB
MSB
Hex
Binary
TH0
Timer 0 High
8CH
8DH
8AH
8BH
89H
00H 00000000
00H 00000000
00H 00000000
00H 00000000
00H 00000000
TH1
TL0
Timer 1 High
Timer 0 Low
TL1
Timer 1 Low
TMOD
Timer 0 and 1 Mode
-
-
-
T1M1
T1M0
-
-
T0M1
T0M0
TRIM#
Internal Oscillator Trim Register
96H
ENCLK TRIM.5 TRIM.4 TRIM.3 TRIM.2 TRIM.1 TRIM.0
WDCON# Watchdog Control Register
WDL# Watchdog Load
A7H
C1H
C2H
C3H
PRE2
PRE1
PRE0
-
-
WDRUN WDTOF WDCLK
FFH 11111111
WFEED1# Watchdog Feed 1
WFEED2# Watchdog Feed 2
17
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GENERAL DESCRIPTION
P89LPC906/907/908
Table 2: Special function registers table - P89LPC907
Bit Functions and Addresses
Reset Value
SFR
Address
Name
Description
LSB
MSB
Hex
Binary
E7
E6
E5
E4
E3
E2
E1
E0
ACC*
Accumulator
E0H
A2H
00H 00000000
1
AUXR1# Auxiliary Function Register
-
-
-
-
SRST
F3
0
-
DPS
F0
00H 000000x0
F7
F6
F5
F4
F2
F1
B*
B Register
F0H
00H 00000000
BRGR0#§ Baud Rate Generator Rate Low
BRGR1#§ Baud Rate Generator Rate High
BEH
BFH
00H 00000000
00H 00000000
BRGCON# Baud Rate Generator Control
BDH
ACH
95H
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
SBRGS BRGEN 00H xxxxxx00
1
CMP1#
DIVM#
Comparator 1 Control Register
CPU Clock Divide-by-M Control
CE1
CN1
OE1
CO1
CMF1
00H xx000000
00H 00000000
DPTR
DPH
DPL
Data Pointer (2 bytes)
Data Pointer High
Data Pointer Low
83H
82H
00H 00000000
00H 00000000
FMADRH# Program Flash Address High
FMADRL# Program Flash Address Low
Program Flash Control (Read)
E7H
E6H
00H 00000000
00H 00000000
70H 01110000
BUSY
-
-
-
HVA
HVE
SV
OI
FMCON#
E4H
FMCMD. FMCMD. FMCMD. FMCMD. FMCMD. FMCMD. FMCMD. FMCMD.
Program Flash Control (Write)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
FMDATA# Program Flash Data
E5H
A8H
00H 00000000
00H 00000000
IEN0*
Interrupt Enable 0
EA
EWDRT
EBO
ES
ET1
-
ET0
-
EF
-
EE
ED
-
EC
-
EB
-
EA
EC
E9
E8
-
1
IEN1*#
Interrupt Enable 1
E8H
EST
EKBI
00H 00x00000
BF
-
BE
BD
BC
PS
BB
BA
-
B9
B8
-
1
IP0*
Interrupt Priority 0
B8H
B7H
PWDRT
PBO
PT1
PT0
00H x0000000
PWDRT
H
1
IP0H#
Interrupt Priority 0 High
-
PBOH
PSH
PT1H
-
PT0H
-
00H x0000000
FF
-
FE
FD
-
FC
-
FB
-
FA
PC
F9
F8
-
1
IP1*#
Interrupt Priority 1
F8H
F7H
PST
PKBI
00H 00x00000
1
IP1H#
Interrupt Priority 1 High
-
-
PSTH
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
PCH
-
PKBIH
-
00H 00x00000
PATN_S
EL
1
KBCON# Keypad Control Register
94H
KBIF
00H
xxxxxx00
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GENERAL DESCRIPTION
P89LPC906/907/908
Bit Functions and Addresses
Reset Value
SFR
Address
Name
Description
LSB
MSB
Hex
Binary
KBMASK# Keypad Interrupt Mask Register
KBPATN# Keypad Pattern Register
86H
93H
00H 00000000
FFH 11111111
87
-
86
85
84
83
-
82
81
-
80
CMP1/ CMPREF/ CIN1A/
KB6
P0*
P1*
Port 0
Port 1
80H
90H
KB2
KB0
Note 1
KB5
KB4
97
-
96
-
95
94
-
93
-
92
T0
91
-
90
RST
TxD
B7
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
B0
P0M1#
P0M2#
P1M1#
P1M2#
Port 0 Output Mode 1
Port 0 Output Mode 2
Port 1 Output Mode 1
Port 1 Output Mode 2
84H
85H
91H
92H
-
-
-
-
(P0M1.6) (P0M1.5) (P0M1.4)
(P0M2.6) (P0M2.5) (P0M2.4)
-
-
-
-
(P0M1.2)
(P0M2.2)
(P1M1.2)
(P1M2.2)
-
-
-
-
(P0M1.0) FFH 11111111
(P0M2.0) 00H 00000000
1
-
-
(P1M1.5)
(P1M2.5)
-
-
(P1M1.0) FFH 11111111
1
(P1M2.0) 00H 00000000
PCON#
Power Control Register
87H
B5H
SMOD1 SMOD0 BOPD
BOI
GF1
GF0
-
PMOD1 PMOD0 00H 00000000
1
PCONA# Power Control Register A
RTCPD
VCPD
SPD
00000000
00H
D7
CY
D6
AC
D5
F0
D4
D3
D2
D1
F1
D0
P
PSW*
Program Status Word
D0H
F6H
DFH
RS1
RS0
OV
00H 00000000
00H xx00000x
PT0AD#
Port 0 Digital Input Disable
-
-
-
-
PT0AD.5 PT0AD.4
-
-
-
-
R_WD
-
-
-
RSTSRC# Reset Source Register
RTCCON# Real-Time Clock Control
BOF
POF
-
R_SF
ERTC
R_EX
Note 2
D1H
D2H
D3H
RTCF
RTCS1 RTCS0
RTCEN 60H
011xxx00
RTCH#
RTCL#
Real-Time Clock Register High
Real-Time Clock Register Low
00H 00000000
00H 00000000
SBUF
Serial Port Data Buffer Register
99H
xxH xxxxxxxx
9F
9E
9D
9C
-
9B
9A
-
99
TI
98
-
SCON*
SSTAT#
SP
Serial Port Control
98H
BAH
81H
8FH
SM0
SM1
SM2
TB8
00H 00000000
00H 00000000
07H 00000111
00H xxx0xxx0
Serial Port Extended Status Register
Stack Pointer
DBMOD INTLO
CIDIS
DBISEL
-
-
-
-
TAMOD# Timer 0 Auxiliary Mode
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T0M2
8F
8E
8D
8C
8B
-
8A
-
89
-
88
-
TCON*
Timer 0 and 1 Control
88H
TF1
TR1
TF0
TR0
00H 00000000
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GENERAL DESCRIPTION
P89LPC906/907/908
Bit Functions and Addresses
Reset Value
SFR
Address
Name
Description
LSB
MSB
Hex
Binary
TH0
Timer 0 High
8CH
8DH
8AH
8BH
89H
00H 00000000
00H 00000000
00H 00000000
00H 00000000
00H 00000000
TH1
TL0
Timer 1 High
Timer 0 Low
TL1
Timer 1 Low
TMOD
Timer 0 and 1 Mode
-
-
-
-
T1M1
T1M0
-
-
T0M1
T0M0
TRIM#
Internal Oscillator Trim Register
96H
TRIM.5 TRIM.4 TRIM.3 TRIM.2 TRIM.1 TRIM.0
WDCON# Watchdog Control Register
WDL# Watchdog Load
A7H
C1H
C2H
C3H
PRE2
PRE1
PRE0
-
-
WDRUN WDTOF WDCLK
FFH 11111111
WFEED1# Watchdog Feed 1
WFEED2# Watchdog Feed 2
20
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GENERAL DESCRIPTION
P89LPC906/907/908
Table 3: Special function registers table - P89LPC908
Bit Functions and Addresses
Reset Value
SFR
Address
Name
Description
LSB
MSB
Hex
Binary
E7
E6
E5
E4
E3
E2
E1
E0
ACC*
Accumulator
E0H
A2H
00H 00000000
1
AUXR1# Auxiliary Function Register
-
EBRR
F6
-
-
SRST
F3
0
-
DPS
F0
00H 000000x0
F7
F5
F4
F2
F1
B*
B Register
F0H
00H 00000000
BRGR0#§ Baud Rate Generator Rate Low
BRGR1#§ Baud Rate Generator Rate High
BEH
BFH
00H 00000000
00H 00000000
BRGCON# Baud Rate Generator Control
BDH
ACH
95H
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
SBRGS BRGEN 00H xxxxxx00
1
CMP1#
DIVM#
Comparator 1 Control Register
CPU Clock Divide-by-M Control
CE1
CN1
OE1
CO1
CMF1
00H xx000000
00H 00000000
DPTR
DPH
DPL
Data Pointer (2 bytes)
Data Pointer High
Data Pointer Low
83H
82H
00H 00000000
00H 00000000
FMADRH# Program Flash Address High
FMADRL# Program Flash Address Low
Program Flash Control (Read)
E7H
E6H
00H 00000000
00H 00000000
70H 01110000
BUSY
-
-
-
HVA
HVE
SV
OI
FMCON#
E4H
FMCMD. FMCMD. FMCMD. FMCMD. FMCMD. FMCMD. FMCMD. FMCMD.
Program Flash Control (Write)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
FMDATA# Program Flash Data
E5H
A8H
00H 00000000
00H 00000000
IEN0*
Interrupt Enable 0
EA
EWDRT
EBO
ES/ESR
ET1
-
ET0
-
EF
-
EE
ED
-
EC
-
EB
-
EA
EC
E9
E8
-
1
IEN1*#
Interrupt Enable 1
E8H
EST
EKBI
00H 00x00000
BF
-
BE
BD
BC
BB
BA
-
B9
B8
-
1
IP0*
Interrupt Priority 0
B8H
B7H
PWDRT
PBO
PS/PSR
PT1
PT0
00H x0000000
PWDRT
H
PSH/
PSRH
1
IP0H#
Interrupt Priority 0 High
-
PBOH
PT1H
-
PT0H
-
00H x0000000
FF
-
FE
FD
-
FC
-
FB
-
FA
PC
F9
F8
-
1
IP1*#
Interrupt Priority 1
F8H
F7H
PST
PKBI
00H 00x00000
1
IP1H#
Interrupt Priority 1 High
-
-
PSTH
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
PCH
-
PKBIH
-
00H 00x00000
PATN_S
EL
1
KBCON# Keypad Control Register
94H
KBIF
00H
xxxxxx00
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GENERAL DESCRIPTION
P89LPC906/907/908
Bit Functions and Addresses
Reset Value
SFR
Address
Name
Description
LSB
MSB
Hex
Binary
KBMASK# Keypad Interrupt Mask Register
KBPATN# Keypad Pattern Register
86H
93H
00H 00000000
FFH 11111111
87
-
86
85
84
83
-
82
81
-
80
-
CMP1/ CMPREF/ CIN1A/
KB6
P0*
P1*
Port 0
Port 1
80H
90H
KB2
Note 1
KB5
KB4
97
-
96
-
95
94
-
93
-
92
-
91
90
RST
RxD
TxD
P0M1#
P0M2#
P1M1#
P1M2#
Port 0 Output Mode 1
Port 0 Output Mode 2
Port 1 Output Mode 1
Port 1 Output Mode 2
84H
85H
91H
92H
-
-
-
-
(P0M1.6) (P0M1.5) (P0M1.4)
(P0M2.6) (P0M2.5) (P0M2.4)
-
-
-
-
(P0M1.2)
-
-
-
-
FFH 11111111
(P0M2.2)
00H 00000000
1
-
-
(P1M1.5)
(P1M2.5)
-
-
-
-
(P1M1.1) (P1M1.0) FFH 11111111
1
(P1M2.1) (P1M2.0) 00H 00000000
PCON#
Power Control Register
87H
B5H
SMOD1 SMOD0 BOPD
BOI
GF1
GF0
-
PMOD1 PMOD0 00H 00000000
1
PCONA# Power Control Register A
RTCPD
VCPD
SPD
00000000
00H
D7
CY
D6
AC
D5
F0
D4
D3
D2
D1
F1
D0
P
PSW*
Program Status Word
D0H
F6H
DFH
RS1
RS0
OV
00H 00000000
00H xx00000x
PT0AD#
Port 0 Digital Input Disable
-
-
-
-
PT0AD.5 PT0AD.4
-
R_BK
-
PT0AD.2
R_WD
-
-
-
RSTSRC# Reset Source Register
BOF
POF
-
R_SF
ERTC
R_EX
Note 2
RTCCON# Real-Time Clock Control
D1H
D2H
D3H
RTCF
RTCS1 RTCS0
RTCEN 60H
011xxx00
RTCH#
RTCL#
Real-Time Clock Register High
Real-Time Clock Register Low
00H 00000000
00H 00000000
SADDR# Serial Port Address Register
SADEN# Serial Port Address Enable
A9H
B9H
99H
00H 00000000
00H 00000000
xxH xxxxxxxx
SBUF
Serial Port Data Buffer Register
9F
9E
9D
9C
9B
9A
99
TI
98
RI
SCON*
SSTAT#
SP
Serial Port Control
98H
BAH
81H
88H
SM0/FE
SM1
SM2
REN
TB8
RB8
00H 00000000
00H 00000000
07H 00000111
00H 00000000
Serial Port Extended Status Register
Stack Pointer
DBMOD INTLO
CIDIS
DBISEL
FE
BR
OE
STINT
8F
8E
8D
8C
8B
-
8A
-
89
-
88
-
TCON*
Timer 0 and 1 Control
TF1
TR1
TF0
TR0
TH0
TH1
Timer 0 High
Timer 1 High
8CH
8DH
00H 00000000
00H 00000000
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GENERAL DESCRIPTION
P89LPC906/907/908
Bit Functions and Addresses
Reset Value
SFR
Address
Name
Description
LSB
MSB
Hex
Binary
TL0
Timer 0 Low
Timer 1 Low
8AH
8BH
89H
00H 00000000
00H 00000000
00H 00000000
TL1
TMOD
Timer 0 and 1 Mode
-
-
-
-
T1M1
T1M0
-
-
T0M1
T0M0
TRIM#
Internal Oscillator Trim Register
96H
TRIM.5 TRIM.4 TRIM.3 TRIM.2 TRIM.1 TRIM.0
WDCON# Watchdog Control Register
WDL# Watchdog Load
A7H
C1H
C2H
C3H
PRE2
PRE1
PRE0
-
-
WDRUN WDTOF WDCLK
FFH 11111111
WFEED1# Watchdog Feed 1
WFEED2# Watchdog Feed 2
Notes:
*
SFRs are bit addressable.
# SFRs are modified from or added to the 80C51 SFRs.
Reserved bits, must be written with 0’s.
-
§ BRGR1 and BRGR0 must only be written if BRGEN in BRGCON SFR is ’0’. If any of them is written if BRGEN = 1, result is
unpredictable.
Unimplemented bits in SFRs (labeled ’-’ ) are X (unknown) at all times. Unless otherwise specified, ones should not be written to
these bits since they may be used for other purposes in future derivatives. The reset values shown for these bits are ’0’s
although they are unknown when read.
1. All ports are in input only (high impendance) state after power-up.
2. The RSTSRC register reflects the cause of theP89LPC906/907/908 reset. Upon a power-up reset, all reset source flags are
cleared except POF and BOF - the power-on reset value is xx110000.
3. After reset, the value is 111001x1, i.e., PRE2-PRE0 are all 1, WDRUN=1 and WDCLK=1. WDTOF bit is 1 after watchdog
reset and is 0 after power-on reset. Other resets will not affect WDTOF.
4. On power-on reset, the TRIM SFR is initialized with a factory preprogrammed value. Other resets will not cause initialization
of the TRIM register.
5. The only reset source that affects these SFRs is power-on reset.
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GENERAL DESCRIPTION
P89LPC906/907/908
MEMORY ORGANIZATION
03FFh
Sector 3
FFh
Special Function
Registers
0300h
02FFh
(directly addressable)
Sector 2
0200h
01FFh
80h
7Fh
DATA
Sector 1
128 Bytes On-Chip
Data Memory (stack,
direct and indir. addr.)
0100h
00FFh
Sector 0
00h
4 Reg. Banks R0-R7
0000h
Data Memory
(DATA, IDATA)
1 KB Flash Code
Memory Space
Figure 1-1: P89LPC906/907/908 Memory Map
The various P89LPC906/907/908 memory spaces are as follows:
DATA
128 bytes of internal data memory space (00h..7Fh) accessed via direct or indirect addressing, using instructions
other than MOVX and MOVC.
SFR
Special Function Registers. Selected CPU registers and peripheral control and status registers, accessible only via
direct addressing.
CODE
1KB of Code memory accessed as part of program execution and via the MOVC instruction.
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P89LPC906/907/908
CLOCKS
2. CLOCKS
ENHANCED CPU
The P89LPC906/907/908 uses an enhanced 80C51 CPU which runs at 6 times the speed of standard 80C51 devices. A machine
cycle consists of two CPU clock cycles, and most instructions execute in one or two machine cycles.
CLOCK DEFINITIONS
The P89LPC906/907/908 device has several internal clocks as defined below:
• OSCCLK - Input to the DIVM clock divider. OSCCLK is selected from one of the clock sources (see Figure 2-3,Figure 2-4,) and
can also be optionally divided to a slower frequency (see section "CPU Clock (CCLK) Modification: DIVM Register"). Note:
f
is defined as the OSCCLK frequency.
OSC
• XCLK - Output of the crystal oscillator (P89LPC906)
• CCLK - CPU clock .
• PCLK - Clock for the various peripheral devices and is CCLK/2
CPU CLOCK (OSCCLK)
The P89LPC906 provides several user-selectable oscillator options. This allows optimization for a range of needs from high
precision to lowest possible cost. These options are configured when the FLASH is programmed and include an on-chip
watchdog oscillator, an on-chip RC oscillator, an oscillator using an external crystal, or an external clock source. The crystal
oscillator can be optimized for low, medium, or high frequency crystals covering a range from 20 kHz to 12 MHz.
The P89LPC907 and P89LPC908 devices allow the user to select between an on-chip watchdog oscillator and an on-chip RC
oscillator as the CPU clock source.
LOW SPEED OSCILLATOR OPTION - P89LPC906
This option supports an external crystal in the range of 20 kHz to 100 kHz. Ceramic resonators are also supported in this
configuration.
MEDIUM SPEED OSCILLATOR OPTION - P89LPC906
This option supports an external crystal in the range of 100 kHz to 4 MHz. Ceramic resonators are also supported in this
configuration.
HIGH SPEED OSCILLATOR OPTION - P89LPC906
This option supports an external crystal in the range of 4MHz to 12 MHz. Ceramic resonators are also supported in this
configuration. If CCLK is 8MHz or slower, the CLKLP SFR bit (AUXR1.7) can be set to ’1’ to reduce power consumption. On
reset, CLKLP is ’0’ allowing highest performance access. This bit can then be set in software if CCLK is running at 8MHz or
slower.
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P89LPC906/907/908
CLOCKS
Quartz crystal or
ceramic resonator
P89LPC906
The oscillator must be configured in
one of the following modes:
- Low Frequency Crystal
XTAL1
- Medium Frequency Crystal
- High Frequency Crystal
*
XTAL2
* A series resistor may be required to limit
crystal drive levels. This is especially
important for low frequency crystals.
Figure 2-1: Using the Crystal Oscillator - P89LPC906
OSCILLATOR OPTION SELECTION- P89LPC906
The oscillator option is selectable either by the FOSC2:0 bits in UCFG1 or by the RTCS1:0 bits in RTCCON. If the FOSC2:0 bits
select an OSCCLK source of either the internal RC oscillator or the WDT oscillator, then the RTCS1:0 bits will select the oscillator
option for the crystal oscillator. Otherwise, the crystal oscillator option is selected by FOSC2:0. See Table 6-1 and Table 6-2.
CLOCK OUTPUT - P89LPC906
The P89LPC906 supports a user selectable clock output function on the XTAL2 / CLKOUT pin when no crystal oscillator is being
used. This condition occurs if another clock source has been selected (on-chip RC oscillator, watchdog oscillator, external clock
input on X1) and if the Real-Time clock is not using the crystal oscillator as its clock source. This allows external devices to
synchronize to the P89LPC906. This output is enabled by the ENCLK bit in the TRIM register
The frequency of this clock output is 1/2 that of the CCLK. If the clock output is not needed in Idle mode, it may be turned off prior
to entering Idle, saving additional power. Note: on reset, the TRIM SFR is initialized with a factory preprogrammed value.
Therefore when setting or clearing the ENCLK bit, the user should retain the contents of bits 5:0 of the TRIM register. This can
be done by reading the contents of the TRIM register (into the ACC for example), modifying bit 6, and writing this result back into
the TRIM register. Alternatively, the "ANL direct" or "ORL direct" instructions can be used to clear or set bit 6 of the TRIM
register.Increasing the TRIM value will decrease the oscillator frequency.
ON-CHIP RC OSCILLATOR OPTION
The P89LPC906/907/908 has a 6-bit field within the TRIM register that can be used to tune the frequency of the RC oscillator.
During reset, the TRIM value is initialized to a factory pre-programmed value to adjust the oscillator frequency to 7.373 MHz,
±1%. (Note: the initial value is better than 1%; please refer to the datasheet for behavior over temperature). End user applications
can write to the TRIM register to adjust the on-chip RC oscillator to other frequencies. Increasing the TRIM value will decrease
the oscillator frequency.
If CCLK is 8MH or slower, the CLKLP SFR bit (AUXR1.7) can be set to ’1’ to reduce power consumption. On reset, CLKLP is
’0’ allowing highest performance access. This bit can then be set in software if CCLK is running at 8MHz or slower
WATCHDOG OSCILLATOR OPTION
The watchdog has a separate oscillator which has a nominal frequency of 400KHz. This oscillator can be used to save power
when a high clock frequency is not needed.
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P89LPC906/907/908
CLOCKS
EXTERNAL CLOCK INPUT OPTION - P89LPC906
In this configuration, the processor clock is derived from an external source driving the XTAL1 / P3.1 pin. The rate may be from
0 Hz up to 12 MHz. The XTAL2 / P3.0 pin may be used as a standard port pin or a clock output.
.
TRIM
7
-
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Address: 96h
ENCLK TRIM.5 TRIM.4 TRIM.3 TRIM.2 TRIM.1 TRIM.0
Not bit addressable
Reset Source(s): Power-up only
Reset Value: On power-up reset, ENCLK = 0, and TRIM.5-0 are loaded with the factory programmed value.
BIT
SYMBOL
-
FUNCTION
TRIM.7
TRIM.6
Reserved.
ENCLK
When ENCLK =1, CCLK/ 2 is output on the XTAL2 pin (P3.0) provided that the crystal
oscillator is not being used. When ENCLK=0, no clock output is enabled (P89LPC906).
TRIM.5-0
Trim value.
Note: on reset, the TRIM SFR is initialized with a factory preprogrammed value. When setting or clearing the ENCLK bit,
the user should retain the contents of bits 5:0 of the TRIM register. This can be done by reading the contents of the TRIM
register (into the ACC for example), modifying bit 6, and writing this result back into the TRIM register. Alternatively, the
"ANL direct" or "ORL direct" instructions can be used to clear or set bit 6 of the TRIM register.
Figure 2-2: On-Chip RC Oscillator TRIM Register
CPU CLOCK (CCLK) WAKEUP DELAY
The P89LPC906/907/908 has an internal wakeup timer that delays the clock until it stabilizes depending to the clock source used.
If the clock source is any of the three crystal selections (P89LPC906), the delay is 992 OSCCLK cycles plus 60-100µs. If the
clock source is either the internal RC oscillator or the Watchdog oscillator, the delay is 224 OSCCLK cycles plus 60-100µs.
CPU CLOCK (CCLK) MODIFICATION: DIVM REGISTER
The OSCCLK frequency can be divided down, by an integer, up to 510 times by configuring a dividing register, DIVM, to provide
CCLK. This produces the CCLK frequency using the following formula:
CCLK frequency = f
/ (2N)
OSC
Where: f
is the frequency of OSCCLK
OSC
N is the value of DIVM.
Since N ranges from 0 to 255, the CCLK frequency can be in the range of f
to f
/510 ( for N =0, CCLK = f
) .
OSC
OSC
OSC
This feature makes it possible to temporarily run the CPU at a lower rate, reducing power consumption. By dividing the clock, the
CPU can retain the ability to respond to events other than those that can cause interrupts (i.e. events that allow exiting the Idle
mode) by executing its normal program at a lower rate. This can often result in lower power consumption than in Idle mode. This
can allow bypassing the oscillator start-up time in cases where Power down mode would otherwise be used. The value of DIVM
may be changed by the program at any time without interrupting code execution.
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P89LPC906/907/908
CLOCKS
LOW POWER SELECT (P89LPC906)
The P89LPC906 is designed to run at 12MHz (CCLK) maximum. However, if CCLK is 8MHz or slower, the CLKLP SFR bit
(AUXR1.7) can be set to a ’1’ to lower the power consumption further. On any reset, CLKLP is ’0’ allowing highest performance.
This bit can then be set in software if CCLK is running at 8MHz or slower.
RTCS1:0
High freq.
XTAL1
Med freq.
RTC
CPU
XTAL2
Low freq.
FOSC2:0
OSC
CLK
CPU
Clock
CCLK
DIVM
Oscillator
Clock
RC Oscillator
/2
PCLK
(7.3728MHz)
WDT
Watchdog
Oscillator
(400KHz)
Timer 0 & 1
Figure 2-3: Block Diagram of Oscillator Control - P89LPC906
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P89LPC906/907/908
CLOCKS
RTCS1:0
RTC
CPU
CPU
Clock
FOSC2:0
OSC
CLK
CCLK
DIVM
RC Oscillator
/2
(7.3728MHz)
WDT
Watchdog
Oscillator
(400KHz)
PCLK
Baud rate
Generator
Timer 0 & 1
UART
Figure 2-4: Block Diagram of Oscillator Control- P89LPC907,P89LPC908
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CLOCKS
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INTERRUPTS
3. INTERRUPTS
The P89LPC906/907/908 use a four priority level interrupt structure. This allows great flexibility in controlling the handling of the
many interrupt sources. The P89LPC906 supports 6 interrupt sources: timers 0 and 1, brownout detect, watchdog/ realtime
clock, keyboard, and the comparator. The P89LPC907 supports 7 interrupt sources: timers 0 and 1, serial port Tx, brownout
detect, watchdog/ realtime clock, keyboard, and comparators 1 and 2. The P89LPC908 supports 9 interrupt sources: timers 0
and 1, serial port Tx, serial port Rx, combined serial port Rx/Tx, brownout detect, watchdog/ realtime clock, keyboard, and
comparators 1 and 2.
Each interrupt source can be individually enabled or disabled by setting or clearing a bit in the interrupt enable registers IEN0 or
IEN1. The IEN0 register also contains a global enable bit, EA, which enables all interrupts.
Each interrupt source can be individually programmed to one of four priority levels by setting or clearing bits in the interrupt priority
registers IP0, IP0H, IP1, and IP1H. An interrupt service routine in progress can be interrupted by a higher priority interrupt, but
not by another interrupt of the same or lower priority. The highest priority interrupt service cannot be interrupted by any other
interrupt source. If two requests of different priority levels are pending at the start of an instruction, the request of higher priority
level is serviced.
If requests of the same priority level are pending at the start of an instruction, an internal polling sequence determines which
request is serviced. This is called the arbitration ranking. Note that the arbitration ranking is only used to resolve pending requests
of the same priority level.
Table summarizes the interrupt sources, flag bits, vector addresses, enable bits, priority bits, arbitration ranking, and whether
each interrupt may wake up the CPU from a Power down mode.
INTERRUPT PRIORITY STRUCTURE
There are four SFRs associated with the four interrupt levels: IP0, IP0H, IP1, IP1H. Every interrupt has two bits in IPx and IPxH
(x = 0,1) and can therefore be assigned to one of four levels, as shown in Table .
Table 3-1: Interrupt priority level
Priority Bits
Interrupt Priority Level
IPxH
IPx
0
0
0
1
1
Level 0 (lowest priority)
Level 1
1
0
Level 2
1
Level 3 (highest priority)
Table 3-2: Summary of Interrupts - P89LPC906
Interrupt
Flag Bit(s)
Vector
Interrupt
Enable Bit(s)
Interrupt
Priority
Arbitration
Ranking
Power down
Wakeup
Description
Address
000Bh
001Bh
002Bh
Timer 0 Interrupt
Timer 1 Interrupt
Brownout Detect
TF0
TF1
BOF
ET0 (IEN0.1)
ET1 (IEN0.3)
EBO (IEN0.5)
IP0H.1, IP0.1
IP0H.3, IP0.3
IP0H.5, IP0.5
3
5
1
No
No
Yes
Watchdog Timer/Real-
time Clock
WDOVF/
RTCF
EWDRT
(IEN0.6)
0053h
IP0H.6, IP0.6
2
Yes
KBI Interrupt
KBIF
CMF
003Bh
0043h
EKBI (IEN1.1)
EC (IEN1.2)
IP1H.1, IP1.1
IP1H.2, IP1.2
4
6
Yes
Yes
Comparator interrupt
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P89LPC906/907/908
INTERRUPTS
Table 3-3: Summary of Interrupts - P89LPC907,P89LPC908
Interrupt
Flag Bit(s)
Vector
Address
Interrupt
Enable Bit(s)
Interrupt
Priority
Arbitration
Ranking
Power down
Wakeup
Description
Timer 0 Interrupt
Timer 1 Interrupt
Serial Port Tx and Rx
TF0
TF1
000Bh
001Bh
ET0 (IEN0.1)
ET1 (IEN0.3)
IP0H.1, IP0.1
IP0H.3, IP0.3
3
5
No
No
TI & RI
RI
ES/ESR
(IEN0.4)
0023h
IP0H.4, IP0.4
8
No
Serial Port Rx
Brownout Detect
BOF
002Bh
0053h
EBO (IEN0.5)
IP0H.5, IP0.5
IP0H.6, IP0.6
1
2
Yes
Yes
Watchdog Timer/Real-
time Clock
WDOVF/
RTCF
EWDRT
(IEN0.6)
KBI Interrupt
KBIF
CMF
TI
003Bh
0043h
006Bh
EKBI (IEN1.1)
EC (IEN1.2)
EST (IEN1.6)
IP1H.1, IP1.1
IP1H.2, IP1.2
P1H.6, IP1.6
4
6
7
Yes
Yes
No
Comparator interrupt
Serial Port Tx
1. SSTAT.5 = 0 selects combined Serial Port (UART) Tx and Rx interrupt; SSTAT.5 = 1 selects Serial Port Rx interrupt only
(Tx interrupt will be different, see Note 3 below).
2. This interrupt is used as Serial Port (UART) Tx interrupt if and only if SSTAT.5 = 1, and is disabled otherwise. Although the
P89LPC907 does not have the RxD pin, this function is still available to allow switching the Tx interrupt vector.
3. If SSTAT.0 = 1, the following Serial Port additional flag bits can cause this interrupt: FE, BR, OE
EXTERNAL INTERRUPT INPUTS
The P89LPC906/907/908 have a Keypad Interrupt function (see Keypad Interrupt (KBI) on page 77). This can be used as an
external interrupt input. If enabled when the P89LPC906/907/908 is put into Power down or Idle mode, the keypad interrupt will
cause the processor to wake up and resume operation. Refer to the section on Power Reduction Modes for details.
EXTERNAL INTERRUPT PIN GLITCH SUPPRESSION
Most of the P89LPC906/907/908 pins have glitch suppression circuits to reject short glitches (please refer to the P89LPC906/
907/908 datasheet, AC Electrical Characteristics for glitch filter specifications) .
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P89LPC906/907/908
INTERRUPTS
BOPD
EBO
Wakeup (if in
Power down)
RTCF
ERTC
KBIF
EKBI
(RTCCON.1)
WDOVF
EWDRT
CMF
EC
EA (IE0.7)
TF1
ET1
Interrupt to CPU
TF0
ET0
Figure 3-1: Interrupt sources, enables, and Power down Wake-up sources - P89LPC906
BOPD
EBO
Wakeup (if in
Power down)
RTCF
ERTC
KBIF
EKBI
(RTCCON.1)
WDOVF
EWDRT
CMF
EC
EA (IE0.7)
TF1
ET1
TI & RI/RI
ES/ESR
TI
EST
Interrupt to CPU
TF0
ET0
Figure 3-2: Interrupts sources, enables, and Power down Wake-up sources - P89LPC907,P89LPC908
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INTERRUPTS
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I/O PORTS
4. I/O PORTS
The P89LPC906/907/908 has between 3 and 6 I/O pins. The exact number of I/O pins available depends on the clock and reset
options chosen:
Table 4-1: Number of I/O Pins Available
Number of I/O
Pins
Clock Source
Reset Option
8-Pin Package
No external reset(except during power-up)
External RST pin supported
6
5
5
4
4
On-chip oscillator or watchdog
oscillator
No external reset(except during power-up)
External RST pin supported
External clock input
(P89LPC906)
Low/medium/high speed oscillator No external reset(except during power-up)
(external crystal or resonator)
External RST pin supported
(P89LPC906)
3
PORT CONFIGURATIONS
All but one I/O port pin on the P89LPC906/907/908 may be configured by software to one of four types on a pin-by-pin basis, as
shown in Table 4-2. These are: quasi-bidirectional (standard 80C51 port outputs), push-pull, open drain, and input-only. Two
configuration registers for each port select the output type for each port pin. P1.5 (RST) can only be an input and cannot be
configured.
Table 4-2: Port Output Configuration Settings
PxM1.y
PxM2.y
Port Output Mode
Quasi-bidirectional
Push-Pull
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
Input Only (High Impedance)
Open Drain
QUASI-BIDIRECTIONAL OUTPUT CONFIGURATION
Quasi-bidirectional outputs can be used both as an input and output without the need to reconfigure the port. This is possible
because when the port outputs a logic high, it is weakly driven, allowing an external device to pull the pin low. When the pin is
driven low, it is driven strongly and able to sink a large current. There are three pullup transistors in the quasi-bidirectional output
that serve different purposes.
One of these pullups, called the "very weak" pullup, is turned on whenever the port latch for the pin contains a logic 1. This very
weak pullup sources a very small current that will pull the pin high if it is left floating.
A second pullup, called the "weak" pullup, is turned on when the port latch for the pin contains a logic 1 and the pin itself is also
at a logic 1 level. This pullup provides the primary source current for a quasi-bidirectional pin that is outputting a 1. If this pin is
pulled low by an external device, this weak pullup turns off, and only the very weak pullup remains on. In order to pull the pin low
under these conditions, the external device has to sink enough current to overpower the weak pullup and pull the port pin below
its input threshold voltage.
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I/O PORTS
The third pullup is referred to as the "strong" pullup. This pullup is used to speed up low-to-high transitions on a quasi-bidirectional
port pin when the port latch changes from a logic 0 to a logic 1. When this occurs, the strong pullup turns on for two CPU clocks
quickly pulling the port pin high .
The quasi-bidirectional port configuration is shown in Figure 4-1.
Although the P89LPC906/907/908 is a 3V device the pins are 5V-tolerant (except for XTAL1 and XTAL2). If 5V is applied to a
pin configured in quasi-bidirectional mode, there will be a current flowing from the pin to V causing extra power consumption.
DD
Therefore, applying 5V to pins configured in quasi-bidirectional mode is discouraged.
A quasi-bidirectional port pin has a Schmitt-triggered input that also has a glitch suppression circuit. (Please refer to the
P89LPC906/907/908 datasheet, AC Characteristics for glitch filter specifications)
V
V
DD
V
DD
DD
2 CPU
clock delay
very
weak
strong
weak
port
pin
port latch data
input data
glitch rejection
Figure 4-1: Quasi-Bidirectional Output
OPEN DRAIN OUTPUT CONFIGURATION
The open drain output configuration turns off all pullups and only drives the pulldown transistor of the port pin when the port latch
contains a logic 0. To be used as a logic output, a port configured in this manner must have an external pullup, typically a resistor
tied to V . The pulldown for this mode is the same as for the quasi-bidirectional mode.
DD
The open drain port configuration is shown in Figure 4-2.
An open drain port pin has a Schmitt-triggered input that also has a glitch suppression circuit (please refer to the P89LPC906/
907/908 datasheet, AC Characteristics for glitch filter specifications).
port
pin
port latch data
input data
glitch rejection
Figure 4-2: Open Drain Output
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I/O PORTS
INPUT-ONLY CONFIGURATION
The input port configuration is shown in Figure 4-3. It is a Schmitt-triggered input that also has a glitch suppression circuit (please
refer to the P89LPC906/907/908 datasheet, AC Characteristics for glitch filter specifications)
port
pin
input data
glitch rejection
Figure 4-3: Input Only
PUSH-PULL OUTPUT CONFIGURATION
The push-pull output configuration has the same pulldown structure as both the open drain and the quasi-bidirectional output
modes, but provides a continuous strong pullup when the port latch contains a logic 1. The push-pull mode may be used when
more source current is needed from a port output.
The push-pull port configuration is shown in Figure 4-4.
A push-pull port pin has a Schmitt-triggered input that also has a glitch suppression circuit (please refer to the P89LPC906/907/
908 datasheet, AC Characteristics for glitch filter specifications)
V
DD
strong
port
pin
port latch data
input data
glitch rejection
Figure 4-4: Push-Pull Output
PORT 0 ANALOG FUNCTIONS
The P89LPC906/907/908 incorporates an analog comparator. In order to give the best analog performance and minimize power
consumption, pins that are being used for analog functions must have both the digital outputs and digital inputs disabled.
Digital outputs are disabled by putting the port pins into the input-only mode as described in the Port Configurations section (see
Digital inputs on Port 0 may be disabled through the use of the PT0AD register. On any reset, the PT0AD bits default to ’0’s to
enable digital functions.
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I/O PORTS
Table 4-3: Port Output Configuration - P89LPC906
Configuration SFR Bits
Port
Pin
Alternate Usage
Notes
PxM1.y
P0M1.4
P0M1.5
P0M1.6
PxM2.y
P0M2.4
P0M2.5
P0M2.6
P0.4
P0.5
P0.6
KBI4,CIN1A
KBI5,CMPREF
KBI6,CMP1
analog inputs CIN1A and CMPREF.
Input only. Usage as general purpose input or RST is
determined by User Configuration Bit RPD (UCFG1.6).
Always a reset input during a power-on sequence.
P1.5
not configurable
RST
P3.0
P3.1
P3M1.0
P3M1.1
P3M2.0
P3M2.1
XTAL2,CLKOUT
XTAL1
Table 4-4: Port Output Configuration - P89LPC907
Configuration SFR Bits
Port
Pin
Alternate Usage
Notes
PxM1.y
P0M1.4
P0M1.5
P0M1.6
P1M1.0
P1M1.2
PxM2.y
P0M2.4
P0M2.5
P0M2.6
P1M2.0
P1M2.2
P0.4
P0.5
P0.6
P1.0
P1.2
KBI4,CIN1A
KBI5,CMPREF
KBI6,CMP1
TxD
analog inputs CIN1A and CMPREF.
T0
Input only. Usage as general purpose input or RST is
determined by User Configuration Bit RPD (UCFG1.6).
Always a reset input during a power-on sequence.
P1.5
not configurable
RST
Table 4-5: Port Output Configuration - P89LPC908
Configuration SFR Bits
Port
Pin
Alternate Usage
Notes
PxM1.y
P0M1.4
P0M1.5
P0M1.6
P1M1.0
P1M1.1
PxM2.y
P0M2.4
P0M2.5
P0M2.6
P1M2.0
P1M2.1
P0.4
P0.5
P0.6
P1.0
P1.1
KBI4,CIN1A
KBI5,CMPREF
KBI6,CMP1
TxD
analog inputs CIN1A and CMPREF.
RxD
Input only. Usage as general purpose input or RST is
determined by User Configuration Bit RPD (UCFG1.6).
Always a reset input during a power-on sequence.
P1.5
not configurable
RST
Table 4-6: Additional Port Features
After power-up, all pins are in Input-Only mode. Please note that this is different from the LPC76x series of devices.
• After power-up, all I/O pins except P1.5, may be configured by software.
• Pin P1.5 is input only.
• Every output on the P89LPC906/907/908 has been designed to sink typical LED drive current. However, there is a maximum
total output current for all ports which must not be exceeded. Please refer to the P89LPC906/907/908 datasheet for detailed
specifications.
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I/O PORTS
All ports pins that can function as an output have slew rate controlled outputs to limit noise generated by quickly switching output
signals. The slew rate is factory-set to approximately 10 ns rise and fall times.
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TIMERS 0 AND 1
5. TIMERS 0 AND 1
The P89LPC906/907/908 has two general-purpose counter/timers which are similar to the 80C51 Timer 0 and Timer 1. Timer 0
of the P89LPC907 can be configured to operate either as a timer or event counter (see Figure 5-1). An option to automatically
toggle the T0 pin upon timer overflow has been added. Timer 1 of the P89LPC907 and both Timer 0 and Timer 1 of the
P89LPC906 and P89LPC908 devices may only function as timers.
In the “Timer” function, the timer is incremented every PCLK.
In the “Counter” function, the Timer 0 register is incremented in response to a 1-to-0 transition on the external input pin, T0, which
is sampled once during every machine cycle. When the pin is high during one cycle and low in the next cycle, the count is
incremented. The new count value appears in the register during the cycle following the one in which the transition was detected.
Since it takes 2 machine cycles (4 CPU clocks) to recognize a 1-to-0 transition, the maximum count rate is 1/4 of the CPU clock
frequency. There are no restrictions on the duty cycle of the external input signal, but to ensure that a given level is sampled at
least once before it changes, it should be held for at least one full machine cycle.
The “Timer” or “Counter” function is selected by control bit T0C/T in the Special Function Register TMOD. Timer 0 and Timer 1
of the P89LPC906 and P89LPC908, and Timer 1 of the P89LPC907 have four operating modes (modes 0, 1, 2, and 3), which
are selected by bit-pairs (TnM1, TnM0) in TMOD. Modes 0, 1, 2 and 3 are the same for both Timers. Mode 3 is different. The
operating modes are described later in this section. In addition to these modes, Timer 0 of the P89LPC907 has mode 6.
Additionally the T0M2 mode bit in TAMOD is used to specify modes with Timer 0 of the P89LPC907.
TMOD
7
-
6
-
5
4
3
-
2
1
0
Address: 89h
T1M1
T1M0
T0C/T
T0M1
T0M0
Not bit addressable
Reset Source(s): Any source
Reset Value:
BIT
00000000B
SYMBOL
FUNCTION
Reserved.
Reserved.
TMOD.7
TMOD.6
TMOD.5, 4
-
-
T1M1,T1M0
Mode Select for Timer 1. These bits are used to determine the Timer 1 mode (see Figure
TMOD.3
TMOD.2
-
Reserved.
T0C/T
Timer or Counter Selector for Timer 0. Cleared for Timer operation (input from CCLK). Set
for Counter operation (input from T0 input pin).P89LPC907. When writing to this register
on the P89LPC906 or P89LPC908 devices, this bit position should be written with a zero.
TMOD.1, 0
T0M1,T0M0
Mode Select for Timer 0. These bits are used to determine the Timer 0 mode (see Figure
Figure 5-1: Timer/Counter Mode Control register (TMOD)
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TIMERS 0 AND 1
7
-
6
-
5
-
4
-
3
-
2
-
1
-
0
TAMOD - P89LPC907
Address: 8Fh
T0M2
Not bit addressable
Reset Source(s): Any reset
Reset Value:
BIT
xxx0xxx0B
SYMBOL
-
FUNCTION
TAMOD.7-1
TAMOD.0
Reserved for future use. Should not be set to 1 by user programs.
T0M2
Mode Select bit 2 for Timer 0. Used with T0M1 and T0M0 in the TMOD register to
determine Timer 0 mode (P89LPC907).
TnM2-TnM0
0 0 0
Timer Mode
8048 Timer “TLn” serves as 5-bit prescaler. (Mode 0)
16-bit Timer/Counter “THn” and “TLn” are cascaded; there is no prescaler. (Mode 1)
0 0 1
0 1 0
8-bit auto-reload Timer/Counter. THn holds a value which is loaded into TLn when it
overflows. (Mode 2)
0 1 1
Timer 0 is a dual 8-bit Timer/Counter in this mode. TL0 is an 8-bit Timer/Counter controlled
by the standard Timer 0 control bits. TH0 is an 8-bit timer only, controlled by the Timer 1
control bits (see text). Timer 1 in this mode is stopped. (Mode 3)
1 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
Reserved. User must not configure to this mode.
Reserved. User must not configure to this mode.
Reserved. User must not configure to this mode.
Figure 5-2: Timer/Counter Auxiliary Mode Control register (TAMOD)
MODE 0
Putting either Timer into Mode 0 makes it look like an 8048 Timer, which is an 8-bit Counter with a divide-by-32 prescaler. Figure
5-4 shows Mode 0 operation.
In this mode, the Timer register is configured as a 13-bit register. As the count rolls over from all 1s to all 0s, it sets the Timer
interrupt flag TFn. The count input is enabled to the Timer when TRn = 1. TRn is a control bit in the Special Function Register
The 13-bit register consists of all 8 bits of THn and the lower 5 bits of TLn. The upper 3 bits of TLn are indeterminate and should
be ignored. Setting the run flag (TRn) does not clear the registers.
Mode 1 is the same as Mode 0, except that all 16 bits of the timer register (THn and TLn) are used. See Figure 5-5.
MODE 2
Mode 2 configures the Timer register as an 8-bit Counter (TLn) with automatic reload, as shown in Figure 5-6. Overflow from TLn
not only sets TFn, but also reloads TLn with the contents of THn, which must be preset by software. The reload leaves THn
unchanged. Mode 2 operation is the same for Timer 0 and Timer 1.
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TIMERS 0 AND 1
MODE 3
When Timer 1 is in Mode 3 it is stopped. The effect is the same as setting TR1 = 0.
Timer 0 in Mode 3 establishes TL0 and TH0 as two separate 8-bit counters. The logic for Mode 3 on Timer 0 is shown in Figure
5-7. TL0 uses the Timer 0 control bits: TR0 and TF0. TH0 is locked into a timer function (counting machine cycles) and takes
over the use of TR1 and TF1 from Timer 1. Thus, TH0 now controls the “Timer 1” interrupt.
Mode 3 is provided for applications that require an extra 8-bit timer.
Note: When Timer 0 is in Mode 3, Timer 1 can be turned on and off by switching it into and out of its own Mode 3. It can still be
used by the serial port as a baud rate generator (P89LPC907,P89LPC908), or in any application not requiring an interrupt.
MODE 6 - P89LPC907
In this mode, Timer 0 can be changed to a PWM with a full period of 256 timer clocks (see Figure 5-8). Its structure is similar to
mode 2, except that:
• TF0 is set and cleared in hardware;
• The low period of the TF0 is in TH0, and should be between 1 and 254, and;
• The high period of the TF0 is always 256-TH0.
• Loading TH0 with 00h will force the T0 pin high, loading TH0 with FFh will force the T0 pin low.
Note that an interrupt can still be enabled on the low to high transition of TF0, and that TF0 can still be cleared in software as in
any other modes.
7
6
5
4
3
-
2
-
1
-
0
-
TCON
TF1
TR1
TF0
TR0
Address: 88h
Bit addressable
Reset Source(s): Any reset
Reset Value: 00000000B
BIT
SYMBOL
FUNCTION
TCON.7
TF1
Timer 1 overflow flag. Set by hardware on Timer overflow. Cleared by hardware when the
interrupt is processed, or by software.
TCON.6
TCON.5
TR1
TF0
Timer 1 Run control bit. Set/cleared by software to turn Timer 1 on/off.
Timer 0 overflow flag. Set by hardware on Timer/Counter overflow. Cleared by hardware
when the processor vectors to the interrupt routine, or by software. (except in mode 6, see
above, when it is cleared in hardware)
TCON.4
TCON.3
TCON.2
TCON.1
TCON.0
TR0
Timer 0 Run control bit. Set/cleared by software to turn Timer/Counter 0 on/off.
Reserved for future use. Should not be set to 1 by user programs.
Reserved for future use. Should not be set to 1 by user programs.
Reserved for future use. Should not be set to 1 by user programs.
Reserved for future use. Should not be set to 1 by user programs.
-
-
-
-
Figure 5-3: Timer/Counter Control register (TCON)
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TIMERS 0 AND 1
Overflow
TFn
T0C/T = 0
PCLK
TLn
(5-bits)
THn
(8-bits)
Interrupt
T0 Pin*
T0 Pin*
Control
T0C/T = 1
Toggle
TRn
ENT0 (AUXR1.4)
* T0 Pin functions available on P89LPC907
Figure 5-4: Timer/Counter 0 or 1 in Mode 0 (13-bit counter)
Overflow
TFn
T0C/T = 0
T0C/T = 1
PCLK
TLn
(8-bits)
THn
(8-bits)
Interrupt
T0 Pin*
T0 Pin*
Control
Toggle
TRn
ENT0 (AUXR1.4)
* T0 Pin functions available on P89LPC907
Figure 5-5: Timer/Counter 0 or 1 in Mode 1 (16-bit counter)
T0C/T = 0
PCLK
TLn
(8-bits)
Overflow
Toggle
TFn
Interrupt
T0 Pin*
T0 Pin*
Control
T0C/T = 1
Reload
TRn
THn
(8-bits)
ENT0 (AUXR1.4)
* T0 Pin functions available on P89LPC907
Figure 5-6: Timer/Counter 0 or 1 in Mode 2 (8-bit auto-reload)
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TIMERS 0 AND 1
C/T = 0
PCLK
TL0
(8-bits)
Overflow
Toggle
TF0
Interrupt
T0 Pin*
T0 Pin*
Control
C/T = 1
TR0
ENT0
TF1
TH0
(8-bits)
Overflow
PCLK
Interrupt
Control
TR1
* T0 Pin functions available on P89LPC907
Figure 5-7: Timer/Counter 0 Mode 3 (two 8-bit counters)
T0C/T = 0
PCLK
TL0
Overflow
TF0
Interrupt
T0 Pin
(8-bits)
Control
Reload TH0 on falling transition
and (256-TH0) on rising transition
Toggle
TR0
TH0
(8-bits)
ENT0 (AUXR1.4)
Figure 5-8: Timer/Counter 0 in Mode 6 (PWM auto-reload), P89LPC907.
TIMER OVERFLOW TOGGLE OUTPUT - P89LPC907
Timer 0 can be configured to automatically toggle the T0 pin whenever the timer overflow occurs. This function is enabled by
control bit ENT0 in the AUXR1 register. The port output will be a logic 1 prior to the first timer overflow when this mode is turned
on. In order for this mode to function, the T0C/T bit must be cleared selecting PCLK as the clock source for the timer.
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TIMERS 0 AND 1
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REAL-TIME CLOCK/SYSTEM TIMER
6. REAL-TIME CLOCK/SYSTEM TIMER
The P89LPC906/907/908 has a simple Real-time clock/system timer that allows a user to continue running an accurate timer
while the rest of the device is powered down. The Real-time clock can be an interrupt or a wake-up source (see Figure 6-2). The
Real-time clock is a 23-bit down counter.
REAL-TIME CLOCK SOURCE
On the P89LPC906 the clock source for this counter can be either CCLK or the XTAL1-2 oscillator (XCLK) . On the P89LPC907
and P89LPC908 devicesthe clock source for this counter is CCLK. Please refer to Figure 2-3 "Block Diagram of Oscillator Control
- P89LPC906" in section "Clocks" on page 25. CCLK can have either the XTAL1-2 oscillator, the internal RC oscillator, or the
Watchdog oscillator as its clock source. If the XTAL1-2 oscillator is used for producing CCLK, the RTC will use either the XTAL1-
2 oscillator’s output or CCLK as its clock source. The possible clocking combinations are shown in Table , below.
There are three SFRs used for the RTC:
• RTCCON - Real-time clock control.
• RTCH - Real-time clock counter reload high (bits 22-15).
• RTCL - Real-time clock counter reload low (bits 14-7).
The Real-time clock/system timer can be enabled by setting the RTCEN (RTCCON.0) bit. The Real-time clock is a 23-bit down
counter (initialized to all 0’s when RTCEN = 0) that is comprised of a 7-bit prescaler and a 16-bit loadable down counter. When
RTCEN is written with ’1’, the counter is first loaded with (RTCH,RTCL,’1111111’) and will count down. When it reaches all 0’s,
the counter will be reloaded again with (RTCH,RTCL,’1111111’) and a flag - RTCF (RTCCON.7) - will be set.
Any write to RTCH and RTCL in-between the Real-time clock reloading will not cause reloading of the counter. When the current
count terminates, the contents of RTCH and RTCL will be loaded into the counter and the new count will begin. An immediate
reload of the counter can be forced by clearing the RTCEN bit to ’0’ and then setting it back to ’1’ .
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REAL-TIME CLOCK/SYSTEM TIMER
Power-On
Reset
XTAL2 XTAL1
RTCH
RTCL
RTC Reset
Reload on underflow
Low freq.
Med. freq.
High freq.
MSB
LSB
7-bit prescaler
÷ 128
23-bit down counter
CCLK
Int. Osc’s
Wake up from
Power-down
RTCEN
RTCS1 RTCS2
RTCF
Interrupt
if enabled
RTC clk select
RTC underflow flag
RTC Enable
ERTC
(shared w. WDT)
Figure 6-1: Real-time clock/system timer Block Diagram
Table 6-1: Real-time Clock/System Timer Clock Source - P89LPC906
FOSC2
FOSC1
FOSC0
RTCS1:0
(UCFG1.2) (UCFG1.1) (UCFG1.0)
CCLK Frequency
RTC Clock Frequency
00
01
10
High frequency crystal
(XCLK)
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
High frequency crystal/DIVM
High frequency crystal/DIVM
(CCLK)
11
00
01
10
Medium frequency crystal
(XCLK)
Medium frequency crystal/DIVM
Low frequency crystal/DIVM
Medium frequency crystal/
DIVM (CCLK)
11
00
01
10
Low frequency crystal
(XCLK)
Low frequency crystal/DIVM
(CCLK)
11
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REAL-TIME CLOCK/SYSTEM TIMER
FOSC2
FOSC1
FOSC0
RTCS1:0
(UCFG1.2) (UCFG1.1) (UCFG1.0)
CCLK Frequency
RTC Clock Frequency
High frequency crystal
(XCLK)
00
01
Medium frequency crystal
(XCLK)
0
1
1
RC Oscillator/DIVM
Low frequency crystal
(XCLK)
10
11
00
RC Oscillator/DIVM (CCLK)
High frequency crystal
(XCLK)
Medium frequency crystal
(XCLK)
01
10
11
1
0
0
WDT Oscillator/DIVM
Low frequency crystal
(XCLK)
WDT Oscillator/DIVM
(CCLK)
1
1
0
1
1
0
xx
undefined
00
01
10
11
external clock
(XCLK)
1
1
1
external clock/DIVM
external clock/DIVM (CCLK)
Table 6-2: Real-time Clock/System Timer Clock Source - P89LPC907,P89LPC908
FOSC2
FOSC1
FOSC0
RTCS1:0
(UCFG1.2) (UCFG1.1) (UCFG1.0)
CCLK Frequency
RTC Clock Frequency
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
x
undefined
00
01
10
11
undefined
0
1
1
RC Oscillator/DIVM
RC Oscillator/DIVM (CCLK)
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REAL-TIME CLOCK/SYSTEM TIMER
FOSC2
FOSC1
FOSC0
RTCS1:0
(UCFG1.2) (UCFG1.1) (UCFG1.0)
CCLK Frequency
RTC Clock Frequency
00
01
10
undefined
1
0
0
WDT Oscillator/DIVM
WDT Oscillator/DIVM
(CCLK)
11
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
xx
undefined
CHANGING RTCS1-0
RTCS1-0 cannot be changed if the RTC is currently enabled (RTCCON.0 =1). Setting RTCEN and updating RTCS1-0 may be
done in a single write to RTCCON. However, if RTCEN = 1, this bit must first be cleared before updating RTCS1-0
REAL-TIME CLOCK INTERRUPT/WAKE UP
If ERTC (RTCCON.1), EWDRT (IEN0.6) and EA (IEN0.7) are set to ’1’, RTCF can be used as an interrupt source. This interrupt
vector is shared with the watchdog timer. It can also be a source to wake up the device.
RESET SOURCES AFFECTING THE REAL-TIME CLOCK
Only power-on reset will reset the Real-time Clock and its associated SFRs to their default state.
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REAL-TIME CLOCK/SYSTEM TIMER
RTCCON
Address: D1h
7
6
5
4
-
3
-
2
-
1
0
RTCF
RTCS1 RTCS0
ERTC RTCEN
Not bit addressable
Reset Source(s): Power-up only
Reset Value: 011xxx00B
BIT
SYMBOL
FUNCTION
RTCCON.7
RTCF
Real-time Clock Flag. This bit is set to ’1’ when the 23-bit Real-time clock reaches a count
of ’0’. It can be cleared in software.
RTCCON.6-5
RTCCON.4-2
RTCCON.1
RTCS1-0
-
Reserved for future use. Should not be set to 1 by user programs.
ERTC
Real-time Clock interrupt enable. The Real-time clock shares the same interrupt as the
watchdog timer. Note that if the user configuration bit WDTE (UCFG1.7) is ’0’, the
watchdog timer can be enabled to generate an interrupt. Users can read the RTCF
(RTCCON.7) bit to determine whether the Real-time clock caused the interrupt.
RTCCON.0
RTCEN
Real-time Clock enable. The Real-time clock will be enabled if this bit is ’1’. Note that this
bit will not Power down the Real-time Clock. The RTCPD bit (PCONA.7) if set, will Power
down and disable this block regardless of RTCEN.
Figure 6-2: RTCCON Register
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REAL-TIME CLOCK/SYSTEM TIMER
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POWER MONITORING FUNCTIONS
7. POWER MONITORING FUNCTIONS
The P89LPC906/907/908 incorporates power monitoring functions designed to prevent incorrect operation during initial power-
on and power loss or reduction during operation. This is accomplished with two hardware functions: Power-on Detect and
Brownout Detect.
BROWNOUT DETECTION
The Brownout Detect function determines if the power supply voltage drops below a certain level. The default operation for a
Brownout Detection is to cause a processor reset. However, it may alternatively be configured to generate an interrupt by setting
the BOI (PCON.4) bit and the EBO (IEN0.5) bit.
Enabling and disabling of Brownout Detection is done via the BOPD (PCON.5) bit, bit field PMOD1-0 (PCON.1-0) and user
configuration bit BOE (UCFG1.5). If BOE is in an unprogrammed state, brownout is disabled regardless of PMOD1-0 and BOPD.
If BOE is in a programmed state, PMOD1-0 and BOPD will be used to determine whether Brownout Detect will be disabled or
enabled. PMOD1-0 is used to select the power reduction mode. If PMOD1-0 = ’11’, the circuitry for the Brownout Detection is
disabled for lowest power consumption. BOPD defaults to ’0’, indicating brownout detection is enabled on power-on if BOE is
programmed.
If Brownout Detection is enabled, the operating voltage range for V is 2.7V-3.6V, and the brownout condition occurs when
DD
V
falls below the Brownout trip voltage, V (see D.C. Electrical Characteristics), and is negated when V rises above V
.
DD
BO
DD
BO
If Brownout Detection is disabled, the operating voltage range for V is 2.4V-3.6V. If the P89LPC906/907/908 device is to
DD
operate with a power supply that can be below 2.7V, BOE should be left in the unprogrammed state so that the device can
operate at 2.4V, otherwise continuous brownout reset may prevent the device from operating.
If Brownout Detect is enabled (BOE programmed, PMOD1-0 ≠ ’11’, BOPD = 0), BOF (RSTSRC.5) will be set when a brownout
is detected, regardless of whether a reset or an interrupt is enabled, . BOF will stay set until it is cleared in software by writing ’0’
to the bit. Note that if BOE is unprogrammed, BOF is meaningless. If BOE is programmed, and a initial power-on occurs, BOF
will be set in addition to the power-on flag (POF - RSTSRC.4).
For correct activation of Brownout Detect, certain V rise and fall times must be observed. Please see the datasheet for
DD
specifications.
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POWER MONITORING FUNCTIONS
Table 7-1: Brownout Options
BOE
(UCFG1.5)
PMOD1-0
(PCON.1-0) (PCON.5) (PCON.4)
BOPD
BOI
EBO
(IEN0.5)
EA
(IEN0.7)
Description
0 (erased)
XX
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
11
Brownout disabled. VDD operating range is 2.4V-3.6V.
(total power
down)
1
(brownout
detect
powered
down)
Brownout disabled. VDD operating range is 2.4V-3.6V.
However, BOPD is default to ’0’ upon power-up.
X
X
X
X
X
0
Brownout reset enabled. VDD operating range is 2.7V-
3.6V. Upon a brownout reset, BOF (RSTSRC.5) will be
set to indicate the reset source. BOF can be cleared by
writing ’0’ to the bit.
(brownout
detect
generates
reset)
≠ 11
1 (programmed)
(any mode
other than
total power
down)
0
1
1
Brownout interrupt enabled. VDD operating range is 2.7V-
3.6V. Upon a brownout interrupt, BOF (RSTSRC.5) will
be set. BOF can be cleared by writing ’0’ to the bit.
(brownout
detect
active)
(enable
brownout
interrupt)
(global
interrupt
enable)
1
(brownout
detect
generates
an
0
X
Both brownout reset and interrupt disabled. VDD
operating range is 2.4V-3.6V. However, BOF
(RSTSRC.5) will be set when VDD falls to the Brownout
Detection trip point. BOF can be cleared by writing ’0’ to
the bit.
interrupt)
X
0
POWER-ON DETECTION
The Power-On Detect has a function similar to the Brownout Detect, but is designed to work as power initially comes up, before
the power supply voltage reaches a level where the Brownout Detect can function. The POF flag (RSTSRC.4) is set to indicate
an initial power-on condition. The POF flag will remain set until cleared by software by writing ’0’ to the bit. Note that if BOE
(UCFG1.5) is programmed, BOF (RSTSRC.5) will be set when POF is set. If BOE is unprogrammed, BOF is meaningless.
POWER REDUCTION MODES
The P89LPC906/907/908 supports three different power reduction modes as determined by SFR bits PCON.1-0 (see Table ):
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POWER MONITORING FUNCTIONS
Table 7-2: Power Reduction Modes
PMOD1
(PCON.1) (PCON.0)
PMOD0
Description
0
0
0
1
Normal Mode (Default) - no power reduction.
Idle Mode. The Idle mode leaves peripherals running in order to allow them to activate the processor
when an interrupt is generated. Any enabled interrupt source or reset may terminate Idle mode.
Power down mode:
The Power down mode stops the oscillator in order to minimize power consumption.
The P89LPC906/907/908 exits Power down mode via any reset, or certain interrupts - brownout
Interrupt, keyboard, Real-time clock (system timer), watchdog, and comparator trips. Waking up by reset
is only enabled if the corresponding reset is enabled, and waking up by interrupt is only enabled if the
corresponding interrupt is enabled and the EA SFR bit (IEN0.7) is set.
In Power down mode the internal RC oscillator is disabled unless both the RC oscillator has been
selected as the system clock AND the RTC is enabled
In Power down mode, the power supply voltage may be reduced to the RAM keep-alive voltage V
.
RAM
This retains the RAM contents at the point where Power down mode was entered. SFR contents are not
guaranteed after V has been lowered to V , therefore it is recommended to wake up the processor
DD
RAM
via Reset in this situation. V must be raised to within the operating range before the Power down mode
DD
1
0
is exited.
When the processor wakes up from Power down mode, it will start the oscillator immediately and begin
execution when the oscillator is stable. Oscillator stability is determined by counting 1024 CPU clocks
after start-up when one of the crystal oscillator configurations is used, or 256 clocks after start-up for the
internal RC or external clock input configurations.
Some chip functions continue to operate and draw power during Power down mode, increasing the total
power used during Power down. These include:
• Brownout Detect
• Watchdog Timer if WDCLK (WDCON.0) is ’1’.
• Comparator (Note: Comparator can be powered down separately with PCONA.5 set to ’1’ and
comparator disabled);
• Real-time Clock/System Timer (and the crystal oscillator circuitry if this block is using it, unless
RTCPD, i.e., PCONA.7 is ’1’).
Total Power down mode: This is the same as Power down mode except that the Brownout Detection
circuitry and the voltage comparators are also disabled to conserve additional power. Note that a
brownout reset or interrupt will not occur. Voltage comparator interrupts and Brownout interrupt cannot
be used as a wakeup source.The internal RC oscillator is disabled unless both the RC oscillator has
been selected as the system clock AND the RTC is enabled.
The following are the wakeup options supported:
• Watchdog Timer if WDCLK (WDCON.0) is ’1’. Could generate Interrupt or Reset, either one can wake
up the device
1
1
• Keyboard Interrupt
• Real-time Clock/System Timer (and the crystal oscillator circuitry if this block is using it, unless
RTCPD, i.e., PCONA.7 is ’1’).
• Note: Using the internal RC-oscillator to clock the RTC during Power down may result in relatively high
power consumption. Lower power consumption can be achieved by using an external low frequency
clock when the Real-time Clock is running during Power down.
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POWER MONITORING FUNCTIONS
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PCON
SMOD1 SMOD0 BOPD
BOI
GF1
GF0
PMOD1 PMOD0
Address: 87h
Not bit addressable
Reset Source(s): Any reset
Reset Value: 00000000B
BIT
SYMBOL
FUNCTION
PCON.7
SMOD1
Double Baud Rate bit for the serial port (UART) when Timer 1 is used as the baud rate
source. When 1, the Timer 1 overflow rate is supplied to the UART. When 0, the Timer 1
overflow rate is divided by 2 before being supplied to the UART. P89LPC907,
P89LPC908(See Figure 8-2).
PCON.6
PCON.5
SMOD0
BOPD
Framing Error Location (P89LPC908):
-When 0, bit 7 of SCON is accessed as SM0 for the UART.
-When 1, bit 7 of SCON is accessed as the framing error status (FE) for the UART.
This bit also determines the location of the UART receiver interrupt RI (see description
Brownout Detect Power down. When 1, Brownout Detect is powered down and therefore
disabled. When 0, Brownout Detect is enabled. (Note: BOPD must be ’0’ before any
programming or erasing commands can be issued. Otherwise these commands will be
aborted.)
PCON.4
PCON.3
PCON.2
PCON.1-0
BOI
GF1
GF0
Brownout Detect Interrupt Enable. When 1, Brownout Detection will generate a interrupt .
When 0, Brownout Detection will cause a reset.
General Purpose Flag 1. May be read or written by user software, but has no effect on
operation.
General Purpose Flag 0. May be read or written by user software, but has no effect on
operation.
Figure 7-1: Power Control Register (PCON)
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PCONA
7
6
-
5
4
-
3
-
2
-
1
0
-
Address: B5H
RTCPD
VCPD
SPD
Not bit addressable
Reset Source(s): Any reset
Reset Value: 00000000B
BIT
SYMBOL
FUNCTION
PCONA.7
RTCPD
Real-time Clock Power down: When ’1’, the internal clock to the Real-time Clock is
disabled.
PCONA.6
PCONA.5
-
Not used. Reserved for future use.
VCPD
Analog Voltage Comparator Power down: When ’1’, the voltage comparator is powered
down. User must disable the voltage comparator prior to setting this bit.
PCONA.4
PCONA.3
PCONA.2
PCONA.1
-
Not used. Reserved for future use.
Not used. Reserved for future use.
Not used. Reserved for future use.
-
-
SPD
Serial Port (UART) Power down: When ’1’, the internal clock to the UART is disabled. Note
that in either Power down mode or Total Power down mode, the UART clock will be
disabled regardless of this bit (P89LPC907,P89LPC908).
PCONA.0
-
Not used. Reserved for future use.
Figure 7-2: Power Control Register (PCONA)
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UART
8. UART (P89LPC907, P89LPC908)
The P89LPC907 and P89LPC908 devices have an enhanced UART that is compatible with the conventional 80C51 UART,
except that Timer 2 overflow cannot be used as a baud rate source. The UART does include an independent Baud Rate
Generator. The baud rate can be selected from the CCLK (divided by a constant), Timer 1 overflow, or the independent Baud
Rate Generator.
The UART in the P89LPC907 does not include the RxD pin and descriptions of the receiver functions in this chapter do not apply
to the P89LPC907. The transmitter is available for use in applications requiring the transmission of serial data. Often the
transmitter function is useful for providing information during the debugging process.
In addition to the baud rate generation, enhancements over the standard 80C51 UART include Framing Error detection, break
detect, automatic address recognition, selectable double buffering and several interrupt options. The UART can be operated in
4 modes:
MODE 0
Serial data enters and exits through RxD. TxD outputs the shift clock. 8 bits are transmitted or received, LSB first. The baud rate
is fixed at 1/16 of the CCLK.
MODE 1
10 bits are transmitted (through TxD) or received (through RxD): a start bit (logical 0), 8 data bits (LSB first), and a stop bit (logical
1). When data is received, the stop bit is stored in RB8 in Special Function Register SCON. The baud rate is variable and is
determined by the Timer 1 overflow rate or the Baud Rate Generator (see "Baud Rate Generator and Selection" section).
MODE 2
11 bits are transmitted (through TxD) or received (through RxD): start bit (logical 0), 8 data bits (LSB first), a programmable 9th
data bit, and a stop bit (logical 1). When data is transmitted, the 9th data bit (TB8 in SCON) can be assigned the value of 0 or 1.
Or, for example, the parity bit (P, in the PSW) could be moved into TB8. When data is received, the 9th data bit goes into RB8
in Special Function Register SCON and the stop bit is not saved. The baud rate is programmable to either 1/16 or 1/32 of the
CCLK frequency, as determined by the SMOD1 bit in PCON.
MODE 3
11 bits are transmitted (through TxD) or received (through RxD): a start bit (logical 0), 8 data bits (LSB first), a programmable 9th
data bit, and a stop bit (logical 1). Mode 3 is the same as Mode 2 in all respects except baud rate. The baud rate in Mode 3 is
variable and is determined by the Timer 1 overflow rate or the Baud Rate Generator (see "Baud Rate Generator and Selection"
section).
In all four modes, transmission is initiated by any instruction that uses SBUF as a destination register. Reception is initiated in
Mode 0 by the condition RI = 0 and REN = 1. Reception is initiated in the other modes by the incoming start bit if REN = 1.
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SFR SPACE
The UART SFRs are at the following locations:
Table 8-1: SFR Locations for UARTs
Register
Description
SFR Location
87H
PCON
Power Control
SCON
Serial Port (UART) Control
98H
SBUF
Serial Port (UART) Data Buffer
Serial Port (UART) Address
99H
SADDR
SADEN
SSTAT
BRGR1
BRGR0
A9H
Serial Port (UART) Address Enable
Serial Port (UART) Status
B9H
BAH
Baud Rate Generator Rate High Byte
Baud Rate Generator Rate Low Byte
BFH
BEH
BRGCON Baud Rate Generator Control
BDH
BAUD RATE GENERATOR AND SELECTION
The enhanced UART has an independent Baud Rate Generator. The baud rate is determined by a value programmed into the
BRGR1 and BRGR0 SFRs. The UART can use either Timer 1 or the baud rate generator output as determined by BRGCON.2-
1 (see Figure 8-2). Note that Timer T1 is further divided by 2 if the SMOD1 bit (PCON.7) is cleared. The independent Baud Rate
Generator uses CCLK.
UPDATING THE BRGR1 AND BRGR0 SFRS
The baud rate SFRs, BRGR1 and BRGR0 must only be loaded when the Baud Rate Generator is disabled (the BRGEN bit in
the BRGCON register is ’0’). This avoids the loading of an interim value to the baud rate generator. (CAUTION: If either BRGR0
or BRGR1 is written when BRGEN = 1, the result is unpredictable.)
Table 8-2: Baud Rate Generation for UART
SCON.7
(SM0)
SCON.6
(SM1)
PCON.7
(SMOD1)
BRGCON.1
(SBRGS)
Receive/Transmit Baud Rate for UART
0
0
X
0
1
X
0
1
0
1
X
X
0
0
1
X
X
0
0
1
CCLK/16
CCLK/(256-TH1)64
CCLK/(256-TH1)32
CCLK/((BRGR1,BRGR0)+16)
CCLK/32
0
1
1
1
0
1
CCLK/16
CCLK/(256-TH1)64
CCLK/(256-TH1)32
CCLK/((BRGR1,BRGR0)+16)
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UART
BRGCON
Address: BDh
7
-
6
-
5
-
4
-
3
-
2
-
1
0
SBRGS BRGEN
Not bit addressable
Reset Source(s): Any reset
Reset Value: xxxxxx00B
BIT
SYMBOL
-
FUNCTION
BRGCON.7-2
BRGCON.1
Reserved for future use. Should not be set to 1 by user programs.
SBRGS
Select Baud Rate Generator as the source for baud rates to UART in modes 1 & 3 (see
Table for details)
BRGCON.0
BRGEN
Baud Rate Generator Enable. Enables the baud rate generator. BRGR1 and BRGR0 can
only be written when BRGEN =0.
Figure 8-1: BRGCON Register
SMOD1 = 1
SBRGS = 0
Timer 1 Overflow
(PCLK-based)
Baud Rate Modes 1 and 3
÷2
SMOD1 = 0
SBRGS = 1
Baud Rate Generator
(CCLK-based)
Figure 8-2: Baud Rate Generations for UART (Modes 1, 3)
FRAMING ERROR
A Framing error occurs when the stop bit is sensed as a logic ’0’. A Framing error is reported in the status register (SSTAT). In
addition, if SMOD0 (PCON.6) is 1, framing errors can be made available in SCON.7. If SMOD0 is 0, SCON.7 is SM0. It is
recommended that SM0 and SM1 (SCON.7-6) are programmed when SMOD0 is ’0’.
BREAK DETECT
A break is detected when any 11 consecutive bits are sensed low. A break detect is reported in the status register (SSTAT).
Since a break condition also satisfies the requirements for a framing error, a break condition will also result in reporting a framing
error. Once a break condition has been detected, the UART will go into an idle state and remain in this idle state until a stop bit
has been received. The break detect can be used to reset the device by setting the EBRR bit (AUXR1.6).
A break detect reset will force the high byte of the program counter to be equal to the Boot Vector contents and the low byte
cleared to 00h. The first instruction will be fetched from this address.
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UART
.
SCON
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Address: 98h
SM0/FE
SM1
SM2
REN
TB8
RB8
TI
RI
Bit addressable
Reset Source(s): Any reset
Reset Value: 00000000B
BIT
SYMBOL
FUNCTION
SCON.7
SM0/FE
The use of this bit is determined by SMOD0 in the PCON register. If SMOD0 = 0, this bit
is read and written as SM0, which with SM1, defines the serial port mode. If SMOD0 = 1,
this bit is read and written as FE (Framing Error). FE is set by the receiver when an invalid
stop bit is detected. Once set, this bit cannot be cleared by valid frames but is cleared by
software. (Note: UART mode bits SM0 and SM1 should be programmed when SMOD0 is
’0’ - default mode on any reset.)
SCON. 6
SM1
SM0, SM1
0 0
With SM0, defines the serial port mode (see table below).
UART Mode
UART 0 Baud Rate
0: shift register CCLK/16 (default mode on any reset)
0 1
1: 8-bit UART
2: 9-bit UART
3: 9-bit UART
CCLK/32 or CCLK/16
1 0
1 1
SCON.5
SM2
Enables the multiprocessor communication feature in Modes 2 and 3. In Mode 2 or 3, if
SM2 is set to 1, then Rl will not be activated if the received 9th data bit (RB8) is 0. In Mode
0, SM2 should be 0. In Mode 1, SM2 must be 0.
SCON.4
SCON.3
SCON.2
SCON.1
REN
TB8
RB8
TI
Enables serial reception. Set by software to enable reception. Clear by software to disable
reception.
The 9th data bit that will be transmitted in Modes 2 and 3. Set or clear by software as
desired.
The 9th data bit that was received in Modes 2 and 3. In Mode 1 (SM2 must be 0), RB8 is
the stop bit that was received. In Mode 0, RB8 is undefined.
Transmit interrupt flag. Set by hardware at the end of the 8th bit time in Mode 0, or at the
the stop bit (see description of INTLO bit in SSTAT register) in the other modes. Must be
cleared by software.
SCON.0
RI
Receive interrupt flag. Set by hardware at the end of the 8th bit time in Mode 0, or
approximately halfway through the stop bit time in Mode 1. For Mode 2 or Mode 3, if
SMOD0, it is set near the middle of the 9th data bit (bit 8). If SMOD0 = 1, it is set near the
middle of the stop bit (see SM2 - SCON.5 - for exceptions). Must be cleared by software.
Figure 8-3: Serial Port Control Register (SCON)
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SSTAT
Address: BAh
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Not bit addressable
Reset Source(s): Any reset
Reset Value: 00000000B
DBMOD INTLO
CIDIS DBISEL
FE
BR
OE
STINT
BIT
SYMBOL
FUNCTION
SSTAT.7
DBMOD
Double buffering mode. When set = 1 enables double buffering. Must be ’0’ for UART
mode 0. In order to be compatible with existing 80C51 devices, this bit is reset to ’0’ to
disable double buffering.
SSTAT.6
INTLO
Transmit interrupt position. When cleared = 0, the Tx interrupt is issued at the beginning
of the stop bit. When set =1, the Tx interrupt is issued at end of the stop bit. Must be ’0’
for mode 0. Note that in the case of single buffering, if the Tx interrupt occurs at the end
of a STOP bit, a gap may exist before the next start bit.
SSTAT.5
SSTAT.4
CIDIS
Combined Interrupt Disable. When set = 1, Rx and Tx interrupts are separate. When
cleared = 0, the UART uses a combined Tx/Rx interrupt (like a conventional 80C51
UART). This bit is reset to ’0’ to select combined interrupts.
DBISEL
Double buffering transmit interrupt select. Used only if double buffering is enabled.This bit
controls the number of interrupts that can occur when double buffering is enabled. When
set, one transmit interrupt is generated after each character written to SBUF, and there is
also one more transmit interrupt generated at the beginning (INTLO = 0) or the end
(INTLO = 1) of the STOP bit of the last character sent (i.e., no more data in buffer). This
last interrupt can be used to indicate that all transmit operations are over. When cleared
= 0, only one transmit interrupt is generated per character written to SBUF. Must be ’0’
when double buffering is disabled.
Note that except for the first character written (when buffer is empty), the location of the
transmit interrupt is determined by INTLO. When the first character is written, the transmit
interrupt is generated immediately after SBUF is written.
SSTAT.3
SSTAT.2
SSTAT.1
FE
BR
OE
Framing error flag is set when the receiver fails to see a valid STOP bit at the end of the
frame. Cleared by software.
Break Detect flag. A break is detected when any 11 consecutive bits are sensed low.
Cleared by software.
Overrun Error flag is set if a new character is received in the receiver buffer while it is still
full (before the software has read the previous character from the buffer), i.e., when bit 8
of a new byte is received while RI in SCON is still set. Cleared by software.
SSTAT.0
STINT
Status Interrupt Enable. When set =1, FE, BR, or OE can cause an interrupt. The
interrupt used (vector address 0023h) is shared with RI (CIDIS = 1) or the combined TI/RI
(CIDIS = 0). When cleared = 0, FE, BR, OE cannot cause an interrupt. (Note: FE, BR, or
OE is often accompanied by a RI, which will generate an interrupt regardless of the state
of STINT). Note that BR can cause a break detect reset if EBRR (AUXR1.6) is set to ’1’.
Figure 8-4: Serial Port Status Register (SSTAT)
MORE ABOUT UART MODE 0
In Mode 0, a write to SBUF will initiate a transmission. At the end of the transmission, TI (SCON.1) is set, which must be cleared
in software. Double buffering must be disabled in this mode.
Reception is initiated by clearing RI (SCON.0). Synchronous serial transfer occurs and RI will be set again at the end of the
transfer. When RI is cleared, the reception of the next character will begin. Refer to Figure 8-5 for timing.
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UART
S1...S16 S1...S16 S1...S16 S1...S16 S1...S16 S1...S16 S1...S16 S1...S16 S1...S16 S1...S16 S1...S16 S1...S16 S1...S16
Write to SBUF
Shift
Transmit
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
RxD (Data Out)
TxD (Shift Clock)
TI
Write to SCON (Clear RI)
RI
Receive
Shift
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
RxD
(Data In)
TxD (Shift Clock)
Figure 8-5: Serial Port Mode 0 (Double Buffering Must Be Disabled)
MORE ABOUT UART MODE 1
Reception is initiated by detecting a 1-to-0 transition on RxD. RxD is sampled at a rate 16 times the programmed baud rate. When
a transition is detected, the divide-by-16 counter is immediately reset. Each bit time is thus divided into 16 counter states. At the
7th, 8th, and 9th counter states, the bit detector samples the value of RxD. The value accepted is the value that was seen in at
least 2 of the 3 samples. This is done for noise rejection. If the value accepted during the first bit time is not 0, the receive circuits
are reset and the receiver goes back to looking for another 1-to-0 transition. This provides rejection of false start bits. If the start
bit proves valid, it is shifted into the input shift register, and reception of the rest of the frame will proceed.
The signal to load SBUF and RB8, and to set RI, will be generated if, and only if, the following conditions are met at the time the
final shift pulse is generated: RI = 0 and either SM2=0 or the received stop bit =1. If either of these two conditions is not met, the
received frame is lost. If both conditions are met, the stop bit goes into RB8, the 8 data bits go into SBUF, and RI is activated.
TX Clock
Write to SBUF
Shift
Transmit
TxD
Start Bit
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
Stop Bit
TI
INTLO = 0
INTLO = 1
RX Clock
RxD
Shift
RI
÷ 16 Reset
Start Bit
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
Stop Bit
Receive
Figure 8-6: Serial Port Mode 1 (Only Single Transmit Buffering Case Is Shown)
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MORE ABOUT UART MODES 2 AND 3
Reception is the same as in Mode 1.
The signal to load SBUF and RB8, and to set RI, will be generated if, and only if, the following conditions are met at the time the
final shift pulse is generated. (a) RI = 0, and (b) Either SM2 = 0, or the received 9th data bit = 1. If either of these conditions is
not met, the received frame is lost, and RI is not set. If both conditions are met, the received 9th data bit goes into RB8, and the
first 8 data bits go into SBUF.
TX Clock
Write to SBUF
Shift
Transmit
TxD
Start Bit
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
TB8
Stop Bit
TI
INTLO = 0
INTLO = 1
RX Clock
RxD
÷ 16 Reset
Start Bit
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
RB8
Stop Bit
Receive
Shift
RI
SMOD0 = 0
SMOD0 = 1
Figure 8-7: Serial Port Mode 2 or 3 (Only Single Transmit Buffering Case Is Shown)
FRAMING ERROR AND RI IN MODES 2 AND 3 WITH SM2 = 1
If SM2 = 1 in modes 2 and 3, RI and FE behave as in the following table.
PCON.6
Mode
RB8
RI
FE
(SMOD0)
0
1
0
1
No RI when RB8 = 0
Occurs during STOP bit
Occurs during STOP bit
Will NOT occur
2
0
occurs during RB8, one bit before FE
No RI when RB8 = 0
3
1
occurs during STOP bit
Occurs during STOP bit
Table 8-3: FE and RI when SM2 = 1 in Modes 2 and 3.
BREAK DETECT
A break is detected when 11 consecutive bits are sensed low and is reported in the status register (SSTAT). For Mode 1, this
consists of the start bit, 8 data bits, and two stop bit times. For Modes 2 & 3, this consists of the start bit, 9 data bits, and one stop
bit. The break detect bit is cleared in software or by a reset. The break detect can be used to reset the device. This occurs if the
UART is enabled and the the EBRR bit (AUXR1.6) is set and a break occurs.
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DOUBLE BUFFERING
The UART has a transmit double buffer that allows buffering of the next character to be written to SBUF while the first character
is being transmitted. Double buffering allows transmission of a string of characters with only one stop bit between any two
characters, provided the next character is written between the start bit and the stop bit of the previous character.
Double buffering can be disabled. If disabled (DBMOD, i.e. SSTAT.7 = 0), the UART is compatible with the conventional 80C51
UART. If enabled, the UART allows writing to SBUF while the previous data is being shifted out.
DOUBLE BUFFERING IN DIFFERENT MODES
Double buffering is only allowed in Modes 1, 2 and 3. When operated in Mode 0, double buffering must be disabled (DBMOD = 0).
TRANSMIT INTERRUPTS WITH DOUBLE BUFFERING ENABLED (MODES 1, 2 AND 3)
Unlike the conventional UART, when double buffering is enabled, the Tx interrupt is generated when the double buffer is ready
to receive new data. The following occurs during a transmission (assuming eight data bits):
1. The double buffer is empty initially.
2. The CPU writes to SBUF.
3. The SBUF data is loaded to the shift register and a Tx interrupt is generated immediately.
5. If there is no more data, then:
- If DBISEL is ’0’, no more interrupts will occur.
- If DBISEL is ’1’ and INTLO is ’0’, a Tx interrupt will occur at the beginning of the STOP bit of the data currently in the shifter
(which is also the last data).
- If DBISEL is ’1’ and INTLO is ’1’, a Tx interrupt will occur at the end of the STOP bit of the data currently in the shifter (which
is also the last data).
6. If there is more data, the CPU writes to SBUF again. Then:
- If INTLO is ’0’, the new data will be loaded and a Tx interrupt will occur at the beginning of the STOP bit of the data currently
in the shifter.
- If INTLO is ’1’, the new data will be loaded and a Tx interrupt will occur at the end of the STOP bit of the data currently in the
shifter.
Go to 3.
Note that if DBISEL is ’1’ and the CPU is writing to SBUF when the STOP bit of the last data is shifted out, there can be an
uncertainty of whether a Tx interrupt is generated already with the UART not knowing whether there is any more data following.
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UART
TxD
Write to
SBUF
Tx Interrupt
Single Buffering (DBMOD/SSTAT.7 = 0), Early Interrupt (INTLO/SSTAT.6 = 0) is Shown
TxD
Write to
SBUF
Tx Interrupt
Double Buffering (DBMOD/SSTAT.7 = 1), Early Interrupt (INTLO/SSTAT.6 = 0) is Shown, No End-
ing Tx Interrupt (DBISEL/SnSTAT.4 = 0)
TxD
Write to
SBUF
Tx Interrupt
Double Buffering (DBMOD/SSTAT.7 = 1), Early Interrupt (INTLO/SSTAT.6 = 0) is Shown, With
Ending Tx Interrupt (DBISEL/SSTAT.4 = 1)
Figure 8-8: Transmission with and without Double Buffering
THE 9TH BIT (BIT 8) IN DOUBLE BUFFERING (MODES 1, 2 AND 3)
If double buffering is disabled (DBMOD, i.e. SSTAT.7 = 0), TB8 can be written before or after SBUF is written, provided TB8 is
updated before that TB8 is shifted out. TB8 must not be changed again until after TB8 shifting has been completed, as indicated
by the Tx interrupt.
If double buffering is enabled, TB8 MUST be updated before SBUF is written, as TB8 will be double-buffered together with SBUF
data. The operation described in the section "Transmit Interrupts with Double Buffering Enabled (Modes 1, 2 and 3)" becomes
as follows:
1. The double buffer is empty initially.
2. The CPU writes to TB8.
3. The CPU writes to SBUF.
4. The SBUF/TB8 data is loaded to the shift register and a Tx interrupt is generated immediately.
6. If there is no more data, then:
- If DBISEL is ’0’, no more interrupt will occur.
- If DBISEL is ’1’ and INTLO is ’0’, a Tx interrupt will occur at the beginning of the STOP bit of the data currently in the shifter
(which is also the last data).
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- If DBISEL is ’1’ and INTLO is ’1’, a Tx interrupt will occur at the end of the STOP bit of the data currently in the shifter (which
is also the last data).
7. If there is more data, the CPU writes to TB8 again.
8. The CPU writes to SBUF again. Then:
- If INTLO is ’0’, the new data will be loaded and a Tx interrupt will occur at the beginning of the STOP bit of the data currently
in the shifter.
- If INTLO is ’1’, the new data will be loaded and a Tx interrupt will occur at the end of the STOP bit of the data currently in the
shifter.
Go to 4.
Note that if DBISEL is ’1’ and the CPU is writing to SBUF when the STOP bit of the last data is shifted out, there can be an
uncertainty of whether a Tx interrupt is generated already with the UART not knowing whether there is any more data
following.
MULTIPROCESSOR COMMUNICATIONS
UART modes 2 and 3 have a special provision for multiprocessor communications. In these modes, 9 data bits are received or
transmitted. When data is received, the 9th bit is stored in RB8. The UART can be programmed such that when the stop bit is
received, the serial port interrupt will be activated only if RB8 = 1. This feature is enabled by setting bit SM2 in SCON. One way
to use this feature in multiprocessor systems is as follows:
When the master processor wants to transmit a block of data to one of several slaves, it first sends out an address byte which
identifies the target slave. An address byte differs from a data byte in that the 9th bit is 1 in an address byte and 0 in a data byte.
With SM2 = 1, no slave will be interrupted by a data byte. An address byte, however, will interrupt all slaves, so that each slave
can examine the received byte and see if it is being addressed. The addressed slave will clear its SM2 bit and prepare to receive
the data bytes that follow. The slaves that weren’t being addressed leave their SM2 bits set and go on about their business,
ignoring the subsequent data bytes.
Note that SM2 has no effect in Mode 0, and must be ’0’ in Mode 1.
AUTOMATIC ADDRESS RECOGNITION
Automatic Address Recognition is a feature which allows the UART to recognize certain addresses in the serial bit stream by
using hardware to make the comparisons. This feature saves a great deal of software overhead by eliminating the need for the
software to examine every serial address which passes by the serial port. This feature is enabled by setting the SM2 bit in SCON.
In the 9 bit UART modes (mode 2 and mode 3), the Receive Interrupt flag (RI) will be automatically set when the received byte
contains either the “Given” address or the “Broadcast” address. The 9 bit mode requires that the 9th information bit is a 1 to
indicate that the received information is an address and not data.
Using the Automatic Address Recognition feature allows a master to selectively communicate with one or more slaves by
invoking the Given slave address or addresses. All of the slaves may be contacted by using the Broadcast address. Two special
Function Registers are used to define the slave’s address, SADDR, and the address mask, SADEN. SADEN is used to define
which bits in the SADDR are to be used and which bits are “don’t care”. The SADEN mask can be logically ANDed with the
SADDR to create the “Given” address which the master will use for addressing each of the slaves. Use of the Given address
allows multiple slaves to be recognized while excluding others. The following examples will help to show the versatility of this
scheme:
Slave 0 SADDR = 1100 0000
SADEN = 1111 1101
Given = 1100 00X0
Slave 1 SADDR = 1100 0000
SADEN = 1111 1110
Given = 1100 000X
In the above example SADDR is the same and the SADEN data is used to differentiate between the two slaves. Slave 0 requires
a 0 in bit 0 and it ignores bit 1. Slave 1 requires a 0 in bit 1 and bit 0 is ignored. A unique address for Slave 0 would be 1100 0010
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since slave 1 requires a 0 in bit 1. A unique address for slave 1 would be 1100 0001 since a 1 in bit 0 will exclude slave 0. Both
slaves can be selected at the same time by an address which has bit 0 = 0 (for slave 0) and bit 1 = 0 (for slave 1). Thus, both
could be addressed with 1100 0000.
In a more complex system the following could be used to select slaves 1 and 2 while excluding slave 0:
Slave 0 SADDR = 1100 0000
SADEN = 1111 1001
Given = 1100 0XX0
Slave 1 SADDR = 1110 0000
SADEN = 1111 1010
Given = 1110 0X0X
Slave 2 SADDR = 1110 0000
SADEN = 1111 1100
Given = 1110 00XX
In the above example the differentiation among the 3 slaves is in the lower 3 address bits. Slave 0 requires that bit 0 = 0 and it
can be uniquely addressed by 1110 0110. Slave 1 requires that bit 1 = 0 and it can be uniquely addressed by 1110 and 0101.
Slave 2 requires that bit 2 = 0 and its unique address is 1110 0011. To select Slaves 0 and 1 and exclude Slave 2 use address
1110 0100, since it is necessary to make bit 2 = 1 to exclude slave 2. The Broadcast Address for each slave is created by taking
the logical OR of SADDR and SADEN. Zeros in this result are treated as don’t-cares. In most cases, interpreting the don’t-cares
as ones, the broadcast address will be FF hexadecimal. Upon reset SADDR and SADEN are loaded with 0s. This produces a
given address of all “don’t cares” as well as a Broadcast address of all “don’t cares”. This effectively disables the Automatic
Addressing mode and allows the microcontroller to use standard UART drivers which do not make use of this feature.
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RESET
9. RESET
The P1.5/RST pin can function as either an active low reset input or as a digital input, P1.5. The RPE (Reset Pin Enable) bit in
UCFG1, when set to 1, enables the external reset input function on P1.5. When cleared, P1.5 may be used as an input pin.
NOTE: During a power-on sequence, The RPE selection is overriden and this pin will always functions as a reset input. An
external circuit connected to this pin should not hold this pin low during a Power-on sequence as this will keep the device in reset.
After power-on this input will function either as an external reset input or as a digital input as defined by the RPE bit. Only a power-
on reset will temporarily override the selection defined by RPE bit. Other sources of reset will not override the RPE bit.
NOTE: During a power cycle, V must fall below V
(see "DC electrical characteristics" in the datasheet) before pwoer is
DD
POR
reapplied, in order to ensure a power-on reset.
Reset can be triggered from the following sources (see Figure 9-1):
• External reset pin (during power-on or if user configured via UCFG1);
• Power-on Detect;
• Brownout Detect;
• Watchdog Timer;
• Software reset;
• UART break-character detect reset. (P89LPC908)
For every reset source, there is a flag in the Reset Register, RSTSRC. The user can read this register to determine the most
recent reset source. These flag bits can be cleared in software by writing a ’0’ to the corresponding bit. More than one flag bit
may be set:
• During a power-on reset, both POF and BOF are set but the other flag bits are cleared.
• For any other reset, any previously set flag bits that have not been cleared will remain set.
POWER-ON RESET CODE EXECUTION
The P89LPC906/907/908 contains two special Flash elements: the BOOT VECTOR and the Boot Status Bit. Following reset,
the device examines the contents of the Boot Status Bit. If the Boot Status Bit is set to zero, power-up execution starts at loca-
tion 0000H, which is the normal start address of the user’s application code. When the Boot Status Bit is set to a one, the con-
tents of the Boot Vector is used as the high byte of the execution address and the low byte is set to 00H. The factory default
setting is 00H. A UART break-detect reset (P89LPC908) will have the same effect as a non-zero Status Bit.
RPE (UCFG1.6)
RST Pin
WDTE (UCFG1.7)
Watchdog Timer Reset
Software Reset SRST (AUXR1.3)
Chip Reset
Power-on Detect
UART Break Detect
EBRR (AUXR1.6)
Brownout Detect Reset
BOPD (PCON.5)
Figure 9-1: Block Diagram of Reset
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RESET
RSTSRC
7
-
6
-
5
4
3
2
1
0
Address: DFH
BOF
POF
R_BK
R_WD
R_SF
R_EX
Not bit addressable
Reset Sources: Power-on only
Reset Value: xx110000B (This is the power-on reset value. Other reset sources will set corresponding bits.)
BIT
SYMBOL
FUNCTION
RSTSRC.7-6
RSTSRC.5
-
Reserved for future use. Should not be set to 1 by user programs.
BOF
Brownout Detect Flag. When Brownout Detect is activated, this bit is set. It will remain set
until cleared by software by writing a ’0’ to the bit. (Note: On a Power-on reset, both POF
and this bit will be set while the other flag bits are cleared.)
RSTSRC.4
POF
Power-on Detect Flag. When Power-on Detect is activated, the POF flag is set to indicate
an initial power-up condition. The POF flag will remain set until cleared by software by
writing a ’0’ to the bit.. (Note: On a Power-on reset, both BOF and this bit will be set while
the other flag bits are cleared.)
RSTSRC.3
RSTSRC.2
R_BK
Break detect reset. If a break detect occurs and EBRR (AUXR1.6) is set to ’1’, a system
reset will occur. This bit is set to indicate that the system reset is caused by a break detect.
Cleared by software by writing a ’0’ to the bit or on a Power-on reset. (P89LPC908)
R_WD
Watchdog Timer reset flag. Cleared by software by writing a ’0’ to the bit or a Power-on
reset.(NOTE: UCFG1.7 must be = 1).
RSTSRC.1
RSTSRC.0
R_SF
R_EX
Software reset Flag. Cleared by software by writing a ’0’ to the bit or a Power-on reset.
External reset Flag. When this bit is ’1’, it indicates external pin reset. Cleared by software
by writing a ’0’ to the bit or a Power-on reset. If RST is still asserted after the Power-on
reset is over, R_EX will be set.
Figure 9-2: Reset Sources Register
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ANALOG COMPARATORS
10. ANALOG COMPARATORS
An analog comparator is provided on the P89LPC906/907/908 . Comparator operation is such that the output is a logical one
when the positive input is greater than the negative input (selectable from a pin or an internal reference voltage). Otherwise the
output is a zero. The output may be read in a register. The output may also be routed to a pin. The comparator may be configured
to cause an interrupt when the output value changes.
DD
When the comparator is first enabled, the comparator output and interrupt flag are not guaranteed to be stable for 10
microseconds. The comparator interrupt should not be enabled during that time, and the comparator interrupt flag must be
cleared before the interrupt is enabled in order to prevent an immediate interrupt service.
COMPARATOR CONFIGURATION
The comparator control register, CMP1, is shown in Figure 10-1. The possible configurations for the comparator are shown in
CMP1
Address: ACh
7
-
6
-
5
4
-
3
2
1
0
CE1
CN1
OE1
CO1
CMF1
Not bit addressable
Reset Source(s): Any reset
Reset Value: xx000000B
BIT
SYMBOL
FUNCTION
CMP.7, 6
CMP.5
-
Reserved for future use.
CE1
Comparator enable. When set, the comparator function is enabled. Comparator output is
stable 10 microseconds after CE1 is set.
CMP.4
CMP.3
-
Reserved for future use.
CN1
Comparator negative input select. When 0, the comparator reference pin CMPREF is
selected as the negative comparator input. When 1, the internal comparator reference,
Vref, is selected as the negative comparator input.
CMP.2
OE1
Output enable. When 1, the comparator output is connected to the CMP1 pin if the
comparator is enabled (CE1 = 1). This output is asynchronous to the CPU clock.
CMP.1
CMP.0
CO1
Comparator output, synchronized to the CPU clock to allow reading by software.
CMF1
Comparator interrupt flag. This bit is set by hardware whenever the comparator output
COn changes state. This bit will cause a hardware interrupt if enabled. Cleared by
software.
Figure 10-1: Comparator Control Register (CMP1)
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ANALOG COMPARATORS
Comparator 1
OE1
(P0.4) CIN1A
+
CO1
CMP1 (P0.6)
(P0.5) CMPREF
-
Vref
Change Detect
Interrupt
CN1
CMF1
EC
Figure 10-2: Comparator Input and Output Connections
CN1, OE1 = 0 0
CN1, OE1 = 0 1
+
-
CIN1A
+
-
CIN1A
CO1
CO1
CO1
CMP1
CMP1
CMPREF
CMPREF
CN1, OE1 = 1 0
+
CN1, OE 1= 1 1
+
CIN1A
CIN1A
CO1
Vref (1.23V)
Vref (1.23V)
-
-
Figure 10-3: Comparator Configurations
INTERNAL REFERENCE VOLTAGE
An internal reference voltage, Vref, may supply a default reference when a single comparator input pin is used. Please refer to
the Datasheet for specifications.
COMPARATOR INTERRUPT
The comparator has an interrupt flag, CMF1, contained in its configuration register. This flag is set whenever the comparator
output changes state. The flag may be polled by software or may be used to generate an interrupt. The interrupt will be generated
when the interrupt enable bit EC in the IEN1 register is set and the interrupt system is enabled via the EA bit in the IEN0 register.
When a comparator is disabled the comparator’s output, COx, goes high. If the comparator output was low and then is disabled,
the resulting transition of the comparator output from a low to high state will set the the comparator flag, CMFx. This will cause
an interrupt if the comparator interrupt is enabled. The user should therefore disable the comparator interrupt prior to disabling
the comparator. Additionally, the user should clear the comparator flag, CMFx, after disabling the comparator.
COMPARATOR AND POWER REDUCTION MODES
The comparator(s) may remain enabled when Power down or Idle mode is activated, but the comparator(s) are disabled
automatically in Total Power down mode.
If the comparator interrupt is enabled (except in Total Power down mode), a change of the comparator output state will generate
an interrupt and wake up the processor.
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ANALOG COMPARATORS
If the comparator output to a pin is enabled, the pin should be configured in the push-pull mode in order to obtain fast switching
times while in power down mode. The reason is that with the oscillator stopped, the temporary strong pullup that normally occurs
during switching on a quasi-bidirectional port pin does not take place.
The comparator consumes power in Power down and Idle modes, as well as in the normal operating mode. This fact should be
taken into account when system power consumption is an issue. To minimize power consumption, the user can disable the
comparator via PCONA.5 or put the device in Total Power down mode.
COMPARATOR CONFIGURATION EXAMPLE
The code shown below is an example of initializing the comparator. This comparator is configured to use the CMPREF inputs.
The comparator output drives the CMP pin and generates an interrupt when the comparator output changes.
CMPINIT:
MOV
PT0AD,#030h
; Disable digital INPUTS on pins that are used
; for analog functions: CIN, CMPREF.
; Disable digital OUTPUTS on pins that are used
; for analog functions: CIN, CMPREF.
; Turn on comparator and set up for:
; - Negative input from CMPREF pin.
; - Output to CMP pin enabled.
ANL
ORL
MOV
P0M2,#0CFh
P0M1,#030h
CMP1,#024h
CALL
ANL
delay10us
; The comparator has to start up for at
; least 10 microseconds before use.
; Clear comparator interrupt flag.
CMP1,#0FEh
SETB EC
; Enable the comparator interrupt. The
; priority is left at the current value.
; Enable the interrupt system (if needed).
; Return to caller.
SETB EA
RET
The interrupt routine used for the comparator must clear the interrupt flag (CMF1 in this case) before returning.
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ANALOG COMPARATORS
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KEYPAD INTERRUPT (KBI)
11. KEYPAD INTERRUPT (KBI)
The Keypad Interrupt function is intended primarily to allow a single interrupt to be generated when the Port 0 bits are equal to
or not equal to a certain pattern. This function can be used for keypad recognition. The user can configure the port via SFRs for
different tasks.
There are three SFRs used for this function. The Keypad Interrupt Mask Register (KBMASK) is used to define which input pins
connected to Port 0 are enabled to trigger the interrupt. The Keypad Pattern Register (KBPATN) is used to define a pattern that
is compared to the value of Port 0. The Keypad Interrupt Flag (KBIF) in the Keypad Interrupt Control Register (KBCON) is set
when the condition is matched while the Keypad Interrupt function is active. An interrupt will be generated if it has been enabled
by setting the EKBI bit in IEN1 register and EA = 1. The PATN_SEL bit in the Keypad Interrupt Control Register (KBCON) is used
to define equal or not-equal for the comparison.
In order to use the Keypad Interrupt as an original KBI function like in the 87LPC76x series, the user needs to set KBPATN =
0FFH and PATN_SEL = 0 (not equal), then any key connected to Port0 which is enabled by KBMASK register will cause the
hardware to set KBIF = 1 and generate an interrupt if it has been enabled. The interrupt may be used to wake up the CPU from
Idle or Power down modes. This feature is particularly useful in handheld, battery powered systems that need to carefully manage
power consumption yet also need to be convenient to use.
In order to set the flag and and cause an interrupt, the pattern on Port 0 must be held longer than 6 CCLKs.
KBPATN
7
-
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Address: 93h
KBPATN.6 KBPATN.5 KBPATN.4
-
-
-
-
Not bit addressable
Reset Source(s): Any reset
Reset Value: 11111111B
BIT
SYMBOL
FUNCTION
KBPATN.6,5,4
-
Pattern bits 6,5,4
Figure 11-1: Keypad Pattern Register
KBCON
7
-
6
-
5
-
4
-
3
-
2
-
1
0
Address: 94h
PATN_SEL KBIF
Not bit addressable
Reset Source(s): Any reset
Reset Value: xxxxxx00B
BIT
SYMBOL
-
FUNCTION
KBCON.7-2
KBCON.1
Reserved
PATN_SEL
Pattern Matching Polarity selection. When set, Port 0 has to be equal to the user-defined
Pattern in KBPATN to generate the interrupt. When clear, Port 0 has to be not equal to the
value of KBPATN register to generate the interrupt.
KBCON.0
KBIF
Keypad Interrupt Flag. Set when Port 0 matches user defined conditions specified in
KBPATN, KBMASK, and PATN_SEL. Needs to be cleared by software by writing "0".
Figure 11-2: Keypad Control Register
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KEYPAD INTERRUPT (KBI)
KBMASK
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Address: 86h
-
KBMASK.6 KBMASK.5 KBMASK.4
-
-
-
-
Not bit addressable
Reset Source(s): Any reset
Reset Value: 00000000B
BIT
SYMBOL
FUNCTION
KBMASK.7
KBMASK.6
KBMASK.5
KBMASK.4
KBMASK.3:0
-
-
-
-
-
Reserved.
When set, enables P0.6 as a cause of a Keypad Interrupt.
When set, enables P0.5 as a cause of a Keypad Interrupt.
When set, enables P0.4 as a cause of a Keypad Interrupt.
Reserved.
Note: the Keypad Interrupt must be enabled in order for the settings of the KBMASK register to be effective.
Bits positions KBMASK.7, KBMASK.3, KBMASK.2, KBMASK.1, and KBMASK.0 should always be written as a ’0’.
Figure 11-3: Keypad Interrupt Mask Register (KBM)
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WATCHDOG TIMER
12. WATCHDOG TIMER
The watchdog timer subsystem protects the system from incorrect code execution by causing a system reset when it underflows
as a result of a failure of software to feed the timer prior to the timer reaching its terminal count. The watchdog timer can only be
reset by a power-on reset.
WATCHDOG FUNCTION
The user has the ability using the WDCON and UCFG1 registers to control the run /stop condition of the WDT, the clock source
for the WDT, the prescaler value, and whether the WDT is enabled to reset the device on underflow. In addition, there is a safety
mechanism which forces the WDT to be enabled by values programmed into UCFG1 either through IAP or a commercial
programmer.
The WDTE bit (UCFG1.7), if set, enables the WDT to reset the device on underflow. Following reset, the WDT will be running
regardless of the state of the WDTE bit.
The WDRUN bit (WDCON.2) can be set to start the WDT and cleared to stop the WDT. Following reset this bit will be set and
the WDT will be running. All writes to WDCON need to be followed by a feed sequence (see section "Feed Sequence" on page
80). Additional bits in WDCON allow the user to select the clocksource for the WDT and the prescaler.
When the timer is not enabled to reset the device on underflow, the WDT can be used in "timer mode" and be enabled to produce
an interrupt (IEN0.6) if desired.
The Watchdog Safety Enable bit, WDSE (UCFG1.4) along with WDTE, is designed to force certain operating conditions at power-
Table 12-1: .Watchdog timer configuration
WDTE
(UCFG1.7)
WDSE
(UCFG1.4)
FUNCTION
The watchdog reset is disabled. The timer can be used as an internal timer and
can be used to generate an interrupt. WDSE has no effect.
0
1
x
The watchdog reset is enabled. The user can set WDCLK to choose the clock
source.
0
The watchdog reset is enabled, along with additional safety features:
1. WDCLK is forced to 1 (using watchdog oscillator)
2. WDCON and WDL register can only be written once
3. WDRUN is forced to 1and cannot be cleared by software.
1
1
Figure 12-3 shows the watchdog timer in watchdog mode. It consists of a programmable 13-bit prescaler, and an 8-bit down
counter. The down counter is clocked (decremented) by a tap taken from the prescaler. The clock source for the prescaler is
either PCLK or the watchdog oscillator selected by the WDCLK bit in the WDCON register. (Note that switching of the clock
The watchdog asserts the watchdog reset when the watchdog count underflows and the watchdog reset is enabled. When the
watchdog reset is enabled, writing to WDL or WDCON must be followed by a feed sequence for the new values to take effect.
If a watchdog reset occurs, the internal reset is active for at least one watchdog clock cycle (PCLK or the watchdog oscillator
clock). If CCLK is still running, code execution will begin immediately after the reset cycle. If the processor was in Power down
mode, the watchdog reset will start the oscillator and code execution will resume after the oscillator is stable.
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WATCHDOG TIMER
Watchdog
Oscillator
÷32
÷2
÷2
÷2
÷2
÷2
÷2
÷2
PCLK
÷32
÷64
÷128
÷256
÷512
÷1024
÷2048
÷4096
WDCLK after a
watchdog feed
sequence
TO
WATCHDOG
DOWN
COUNTER
(after one
prescaler
count delay
000
001
010
PRE2
011
DECODE
100
101
110
111
PRE1
PRE0
Figure 12-1: Watchdog Prescaler
FEED SEQUENCE
The watchdog timer control register and the 8-bit down counter (Figure 12-3) are not directly loaded by the user. The user writes
to the WDCON and the WDL SFRs. At the end of a feed sequence, the values in the WDCON and WDL SFRs are loaded to the
control register and the 8-bit down counter. Before the feed sequence, any new values written to these two SFRs will not take
effect. To avoid a watchdog reset, the watchdog timer needs to be fed (via a special sequence of software action called the feed
sequence) prior to reaching an underflow.
To feed the watchdog, two write instructions must be sequentially executed successfully. Between the two write instructions, SFR
reads are allowed, but writes are not allowed. The instructions should move A5H to the WFEED1 register and then 5AH to the
WFEED2 register. An incorrect feed sequence will cause an immediate watchdog reset. The program sequence to feed the
watchdog timer is as follows:
CLR
MOV
MOV
EA
; disable interrupt
WFEED1,#0A5h
WFEED2,#05Ah
; do watchdog feed part 1
; do watchdog feed part 2
; enable interrupt
SETB EA
This sequence assumes that the P89LPC906/907/908 interrupt system is enabled and there is a possibility of an interrupt request
occuring during the feed sequence. If an interrupt was allowed to be serviced and the service routine contained any SFR writes,
it would trigger a watchdog reset. If it is known that no interrupt could occur during the feed sequence, the instructions to disable
and re-enable interrupts may be removed.
In watchdog mode (WDTE = 1), writing the WDCON register must be IMMEDIATELY followed by a feed sequence to load the
WDL to the 8-bit down counter, and the WDCON to the shadow register. If writing to the WDCON register is not immediately
followed by the feed sequence, a watchdog reset will occur.
For example: setting WDRUN = 1:
MOV
ACC,WDCON
; get WDCON
SETB ACC.2
; set WD_RUN=1
MOV
CLR
MOV
WDL,#0FFh
; New count to be loaded to 8-bit down counter
; disable interrupt
EA
WDCON,ACC
; write back to WDCON (after the watchdog is enabled, a feed must occur
; immediately)
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WATCHDOG TIMER
MOV
WFEED1,#0A5h
; do watchdog feed part 1
; do watchdog feed part 2
; enable interrupt
MOV
WFEED2,#05Ah
SETB EA
In timer mode (WDTE = 0), WDCON is loaded to the control register every CCLK cycle (no feed sequence is required to load the
control register), but a feed sequence is required to load from the WDL SFR to the 8-bit down counter before a time-out occurs.
7
6
5
4
-
3
-
2
1
0
WDCON
PRE2
PRE1
PRE0
WDRUN WDTOF WDCLK
Address: A7h
Not bit addressable
Reset Source(s): See reset value below
Reset Value: 111xx1?1B
(Note: WDCON.7,6,5,2,0 - set to ’1’ any reset; WDCON.1 - cleared to ’0’ on Power-on
reset, set to ’1’ on watchdog reset, not affected by any other reset)
BIT
SYMBOL
PRE2-PRE0
-
FUNCTION
WDCON.7-5
WDCON.4-3
WDCON.2
Reserved for future use. Should not be set to 1 by user program.
WDRUN
Watchdog Run Control. The watchdog timer is started when WDRUN = 1 and stopped
when WDRUN = 0. This bit is forced to 1 (watchdog running) and cannot be cleared by
software if both WDTE and WDSE are set to 1.
WDCON.1
WDCON.0
WDTOF
WDCLK
Watchdog Timer Time-Out Flag. This bit is set when the 8-bit down counter underflows.
In watchdog mode, a feed sequence will clear this bit. It can also be cleared by writing ’0’
to this bit in software.
Watchdog input clock select. When set, the watchdog oscillator is selected. When cleared,
PCLK is selected. (If the CPU is powered down, the watchdog is disabled if WDCLK = 0,
see section "Power down operation"). (Note: If both WDTE and WDSE are set to 1, this
Figure 12-2: Watchdog Timer Control Register
The number of watchdog clocks before timing out is calculated by the following equations:
(5+PRE)
tclks = (2
)(WDL+1)+1
where:
• PRE is the value of prescaler (PRE2-PRE0) which can be the range 0-7, and;
• WDL is the value of watchdog load register which can be the range of 0-255.
The minimum number of tclks is:
(5+0)
tclks = (2
)(0+1)+1 = 33
The maximum number of tclks is:
(5+7)
tclks = (2
)(255+1)+1 = 1,048,577
The following table shows sample P89LPC906/907/908 timeout values.
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WATCHDOG TIMER
Table 12-2: P89LPC906/907/908 Watchdog Timeout Values
Watchdog Clock Source
Timeout Period
PRE2-PRE0
WDL in decimal) (in watchdog clock
cycles)
400KHz Watchdog Oscillator Clock
(Nominal)
12MHz CCLK (6MHz CCLK/2
Watchdog Clock)
0
255
0
33
8,193
65
82.5µs
20.5ms
162.5µs
41.0ms
322.5µs
81.9ms
642.5µs
163.8ms
.1.28ms
327.7ms
2.56ms
655.4ms
5.12ms
1.31s
5.50µs
1.37ms
10.8µs
2.73ms
21.5µs
5.46ms
42.8µs
10.9ms
85.5µs
21.8ms
170.8µs
43.7ms
341.5µs
87.4ms
682.8µs
174.8ms
000
001
010
011
100
101
110
111
255
0
16,385
129
255
0
32,769
257
255
0
65,537
513
255
0
131,073
1,025
262,145
2,049
524,289
4097
255
0
255
0
10.2ms
2.62s
255
1,048,577
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WATCHDOG TIMER
WDL (C1H)
MOV WFEED1, #0A5H
MOV WFEED2, #05AH
Watchdog
Oscillator
8-Bit Down
Counter
RESET
PRESCALER
÷32
Watchdog reset can also be caused
by an invalid feed sequence, or by
writing to WDCON not immediately
followed by a feed sequence
PCLK
SHADOW
REGISTER FOR
WDCON
control register
PRE2
PRE1
PRE0
WDRUN
WDTOF
WDCLK
WDCON(A7H)
Figure 12-3: Watchdog Timer in Watchdog Mode (WDTE = 1)
WATCHDOG TIMER IN TIMER MODE
Figure 12-4 shows the Watchdog Timer in Timer Mode. In this mode, any changes to WDCON are written to the shadow register
after one watchdog clock cycle. A watchdog underflow will set the WDTOF bit. If IEN0.6 is set, the watchdog underflow is enabled
to cause an interrupt. WDTOF is cleared by writing a '0' to this bit in software. When an underflow occurs, the contents of WDL
is reloaded into the down counter and the watchdog timer immediately begins to count down again.
A feed is necessary to cause WDL to be loaded into the down counter before an underflow occurs. Incorrect feeds are ignored
in this mode.
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WATCHDOG TIMER
WDL (C1H)
MOV WFEED1, #0A5H
MOV WFEED2, #05AH
Watchdog
Oscillator
8-Bit Down
Counter
PRESCALER
÷32
Interrupt
CLK
SHADOW
REGISTER FOR
WDCON
control register
PRE2
PRE1
PRE0
WDRUN
WDTOF
WDCLK
WDCON(A7H)
Figure 12-4: Watchdog Timer in Timer Mode (WDTE = 0)
POWER DOWN OPERATION
The WDT oscillator will continue to run in power down, consuming approximately 50uA, as long as the WDT oscillator is selected
as the clock source for the WDT. Selecting PCLK as the WDT source will result in the WDT oscillator going into power down
with the rest of the device (see section "Watchdog Clock Source", below ). Power down mode will also prevent PCLK from running
and therefore the watchdog is effectively disabled.
WATCHDOG CLOCK SOURCE
The watchdog timer system has an on-chip 400KHz oscillator. The watchdog timer can be clocked from either the watchdog
oscillator or from PCLK (refer to Figure 12-1) by configuring the WDCLK bit in the Watchdog Control Register WDCON. When
the watchdog feature is enabled, the timer must be fed regularly by software in order to prevent it from resetting the CPU.
After changing WDCLK (WDCON.0), switching of the clock source will not immediately take effect. As shown in Figure 12-3, the
selection is loaded after a watchdog feed sequence. In addition, due to clock synchronization logic, it can take two old clock cycles
before the old clock source is deselected, and then an additional two new clock cycles before the new clock source is selected.
Since the prescaler starts counting immediately after a feed, switching clocks can cause some inaccuracy in the prescaler count.
The inaccuracy could be as much as 2 old clock source counts plus 2 new clock cycles.
Note: When switching clocks, it is important that the old clock source is left enabled for 2 clock cycles after the feed completes.
Otherwise, the watchdog may become disabled when the old clock source is disabled. For example, suppose PCLK (WCLK=0)
is the current clock source. After WCLK is set to ’1’, the program should wait at least two PCLK cycles (4 CCLKs) after the feed
completes before going into Power down mode. Otherwise, the watchdog could become disabled when CCLK turns off. The
watchdog oscillator will never become selected as the clock source unless CCLK is turned on again first.
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WATCHDOG TIMER
PERIODIC WAKEUP FROM POWER DOWN WITHOUT AN EXTERNAL OSCILLATOR
Without using an external oscillator source, the power consumption required in order to have a periodic wakeup is determined
by the power consumption of the internal oscillator source used to produce the wakeup.The Real-time clock running from the
internal RC oscillator can be used. The power consumption of this oscillator is approximately 300uA. Instead, if the WDT is used
to generate interrupts the current is reduced to approximately 50uA. Whenever the WDT underflows, the device will wake up.
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ADDITIONAL FEATURES
13. ADDITIONAL FEATURES
The AUXR1 register contains several special purpose control bits that relate to several chip features. AUXR1 is described in
AUXR1
7
6
5
-
4
-
3
2
0
1
-
0
Address: A2h
CLKLP
EBRR
SRST
DPS
Not bit addressable
Reset Source(s): Any reset
Reset Value: 000000x0B
BIT
SYMBOL
FUNCTION
AUXR1.7
CLKLP
Clock Low Power Select. When set, reduces power consumption in the clock circuits. Can
be used when the clock frequency is 8MHz or less. After reset this bit is cleared to support
up to 12MHz operation (P89LPC906).
AUXR1.6
EBRR
UART Break Detect Reset Enable. If ’1’, UART Break Detect will cause a chip reset
(P89LPC908). When writing to this register on the P89LPC906 or P89LPC907 devices,
this bit position should be written with a zero.
AUXR1.5
AUXR1.4
AUXR1.3
-
-
Reserved
Reserved
SRST
Software Reset. When set by software, resets the P89LPC906/907/908 as if a hardware
reset occurred.
AUXR1.2
0
This bit contains a hard-wired 0. Allows toggling of the DPS bit by incrementing AUXR1,
without interfering with other bits in the register.
AUXR1.1
AUXR1.0
-
Not used. Allowable to set to a "1" .
DPS
Data Pointer Select. Chooses one of two Data Pointers.
Figure 13-1: AUXR1 Register
SOFTWARE RESET
The SRST bit in AUXR1 gives software the opportunity to reset the processor completely, as if an external reset or watchdog
reset had occurred. If a value is written to AUXR1 that contains a 1 at bit position 3, all SFRs will be initialized and execution will
resume at program address 0000. Care should be taken when writing to AUXR1 to avoid accidental software resets.
DUAL DATA POINTERS
The dual Data Pointers (DPTR) adds to the ways in which the processor can specify the address used with certain instructions.
The DPS bit in the AUXR1 register selects one of the two Data Pointers. The DPTR that is not currently selected is not accessible
to software unless the DPS bit is toggled.
Specific instructions affected by the Data Pointer selection are:
• INC DPTR
Increments the Data Pointer by 1.
• JMP @A+DPTR
Jump indirect relative to DPTR value.
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ADDITIONAL FEATURES
• MOV DPTR, #data16 Load the Data Pointer with a 16-bit constant.
• MOVCA, @A+DPTR
• MOVXA, @DPTR
• MOVX@DPTR, A
Move code byte relative to DPTR to the accumulator.
Move data byte the accumulator to data memory relative to DPTR.
Move data byte from data memory relative to DPTR to the accumulator.
Also, any instruction that reads or manipulates the DPH and DPL registers (the upper and lower bytes of the current DPTR) will
be affected by the setting of DPS. The MOVX instructions have limited application for the P89LPC906/907/908 since the part
does not have an external data bus. However, they may be used to access Flash configuration information (see Flash
Configuration section).
Bit 2 of AUXR1 is permanently wired as a logic 0. This is so that the DPS bit may be toggled (thereby switching Data Pointers)
simply by incrementing the AUXR1 register, without the possibility of inadvertently altering other bits in the register.
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FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY
14. FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The P89LPC906/907/908 Flash memory provides in-circuit electrical erasure and programming. The Flash can be read and
written as bytes. On-chip erase and write timing generation contribute to a user-friendly programming interface. The cell is
designed to optimize the erase and programming mechanisms. The P89LPC906/907/908 uses V as the supply voltage to
DD
perform the Program/Erase algorithms. Additionally, serial programming using commercially available programmers provides a
simple inteface to achieve in-circuit programming.The P89LPC906/907/908 Flash reliably stores memory contents after 100,000
erase and program cycles (typical).
FEATURES
• IAP-Lite allows individual and multiple bytes of code memory to be used for data storage.
• Programming and erase over the full operating voltage range
• Read/Programming/Erase using IAP-Lite
• Any flash program operation in 2 ms (4ms for erase/program)
• Serial programming with industry-standard commercial programmers allows in-circuit programming.
• Programmable security for the code in the Flash for each sector.
• >100,000 typical erase/program cycles for each byte.
• 256 byte sector size, 16 byte page size
• 10-year minimum data retention.
INTRODUCTION TO IAP-LITE
The Flash code memory array of this device supports IAP-Lite programming and erase functions. Any byte in a non-secured
sector of the code memory array may be read using the MOVC instruction and thus is suitable for use as non-volatile data stor-
age. In addition, the user’s code may access additional flash elements. These include UCFG1, the Boot Vector, Status Bit, secu-
rity bytes, and signature bytes. Access of these elements uses a slightly different method than that used to access the user
code memory.
USING FLASH AS DATA STORAGE
IAP-Lite provides an erase-program function that makes it easy for one or more bytes within a page to be erased and pro-
grammed in a single operation without the need to erase or program any other bytes in the page. IAP-Lite is performed in the
application under the control of the microcontroller’s firmware using four SFRs and an internal 16-byte "page register" to facili-
tate erasing and programming within unsecured sectors. These SFRs are:
• FMCON (Flash Control Register). When read, this is the status register. When written, this is a command register. Note that
the status bits are cleared to ’0’s when the command is written.
• FMDATA (Flash Data Register). Accepts data to be loaded into the page register.
• FMADRL, FMADRH (Flash memory address low, Flash memory address high). Used to specify the byte address within the
page register or specify the page within user code memory.
The page register consists of 16 bytes and an update flag for each byte. When a LOAD command is issued to FMCON the page
register contents and all of the update flags will be cleared. When FMDATA is written, the value written to FMDATA will be
stored in the page register at the location specified by the lower 6 bits of FMADRL. In addition, the update flag for that location
will be set. FMADRL will auto-increment to the next location. Auto-increment after writing to the last byte in the page register will
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FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY
"wrap -around" to the first byte in the page register, but will not affect FMADRL[7:4]. Bytes loaded into the page register do not
have to be continuous. Any byte location can be loaded into the page register by changing the contents of FMADRL prior to writ-
ing to FMDATA. However, each location in the page register can only be written once following each LOAD command. Attempts
to write to a page register location more than once should be avoided.
FMADRH and FMADRL[7:4] are used to select a page of code memory for the erase-program function. When the erase-pro-
gram command is written to FMCON, the locations within the code memory page that correspond to updated locations in the
page register will have their contents erased and programmed with the contents of their corresponding locations in the page
register. Only the bytes that were loaded into the page register will be erased and programmed in the user code array. Other
bytes within the user code memory will not be affected.
Writing the erase-program command (68H) to FMCON will start the erase-program process and place the CPU in a program-
idle state. The CPU will remain in this idle state until the erase-program cycle is either completed or terminated by an interrupt.
When the program-idle state is exited, FMCON will contain status information for the cycle.
If an interrupt occurs during an erase/programming cycle, the erase/programming cycle will be aborted and the OI flag (Opera-
tion Interrupted) in FMCON will be set. If the application permits interrupts during erasing-programming, the user code should
check the OI flag (FMCON.0) after each erase-programming operation to see if the operation was aborted. If the operation was
aborted, the user’s code will need to repeat the process starting with loading the page register.
The erase-program cycle takes 4ms to complete, regardless of the number of bytes that were loaded into the page register.
Erasing-programming of a single byte (or multiple bytes) in code memory is accomplished using the following steps:
• Write the LOAD command (00H) to FMCON. The LOAD command will clear all locations in the page register and their
corresponding update flags.
• Write the address within the page register to FMADRL. Since the loading the page register uses FMADRL[5:0], and since the
erase-program command uses FMADRH and FMADRL[7:4], the user can write the byte location within the page register
(FMADRL[3:0]) and the code memory page address (FMADRH and FMADRL[7:4]) at this time.
• Write the data to be programmed to FMDATA. This will increment FMADRL pointing to the next byte in the page register.
• Write the address of the next byte to be programmed to FMADRL, if desired. (Not needed for contiguous bytes since FMADRL
is auto-incremented). All bytes to be programmed must be within the same page.
• Write the data for the next byte to be programmed to FMDATA.
• Repeat writing of FMADRL and/or FMDATA until all desired bytes have been loaded into the page register.
• Write the page address in user code memory to FMADRH and FMADRL[7:4], if not previously included when writing the page
register address to FMADRL[3:0].
• Write the erase-program command (68H) to FMCON,starting the erase-program cycle.
• Read FMCON to check status. If aborted, repeat starting with the LOAD command.
An assembly language routine to load the page register and perform an erase/program operation is shown in Figure 14-2. A
similar C-language routine is shown in Figure 14-3.
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FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY
FMCON
7
-
6
-
5
-
4
-
3
2
1
0
Address: E4h
HVA
HVE
SV
OI
Not bit addressable
Reset Source(s): Any reset
Reset Value:
BIT
SYMBOL
FUNCTION
FMCON.7-4
FMCON.3
-
Reserved.
HVA
High voltage abort. Set if either an interrupt or a brown-out is detected during a program
or erase cycle. Also set if the brown-out detector is disabled at the start of a program or
erase cycle.
FMCON.2
FMCON.1
HVE
SV
High voltage error. Set when an error occurs in the high voltage generator.
Security violation. Set when an attempt is made to program, erase, or CRC a secured
sector or page.
FMCON.0
OI
Operation interrupted. Set when cycle aborted due to an interrupt or reset.
Figure 14-1: Flash Memory Control Register
;* Inputs:
*
;*
;*
;*
;*
R3 = number of bytes to program (byte)
R4 = page address MSB(byte)
R5 = page address LSB(byte)
R7 = pointer to data buffer in RAM(byte)
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
;* Outputs:
;*
R7 = status (byte)
;*
C = clear on no error, set on error
LOAD EQU 00H
EP EQU 68H
PGM_USER:
MOV FMCON,#LOAD
;load command, clears page register
;get high address
;get low address
MOV FMADRH,R4
MOV FMADRL,R5
MOV A,R7
;
MOV R0,A
;get pointer into R0
LOAD_PAGE:
MOV FMDAT,@R0
INC R0
DJNZ R3,LOAD_PAGE
;write data to page register
;point to next byte
;do until count is zero
MOV FMCON,#EP
;else erase & program the page
MOV R7,FMCON
MOV A,R7
ANL A,#0FH
JNZ BAD
CLR C
;copy status for return
;read status
;save only four lower bits
;
;clear error flag if good
;and return
RET
BAD:
SETB C
RET
;set error flag
;and return
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FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY
Figure 14-2: Assembly language routine to erase/program all or part of a page
unsigned char idata dbytes[16];
unsigned char Fm_stat;
// data buffer
// status result
bit PGM_USER (unsigned char, unsigned char);
bit prog_fail;
void main ()
{
prog_fail=PGM_USER(0x1F,0xC0);
}
bit PGM_USER (unsigned char page_hi, unsigned char page_lo)
{
#define LOAD
#define EP
0x00 // clear page register, enable loading
0x68 // erase & program page
unsigned char
i;
// loop count
FMCON = LOAD;
//load command, clears page reg
FMADRH = page_hi;
FMADRL = page_lo;
//
//write my page address to addr regs
for (i=0;i<16;i=i+1)
{
FMDATA = dbytes[i];
}
FMCON = EP;
Fm_stat = FMCON;
//erase & prog page command
//read the result status
if ((Fm_stat & 0x0F)!=0) prog_fail=1; else prog_fail=0;
return(prog_fail);
}
Figure 14-3: C-language routine to erase/program all or part of a page
ACCESSING ADDITIONAL FLASH ELEMENTS
In addition to the user code array, the user’s firmware may access additional flash elements. These include UCFG1, the Boot
Vector, Status Bit, and signature bytes. Access of these elements uses a slightly different method than that used to access the
user code memory. Signature bytes are read-only. Security bytes may be erased only under certain conditions.
IAP-Lite is performed in the application under the control of the microcontroller’s firmware using four SFRs to facilitate erasing,
programming, or reading. These SFRs are:
• FMCON (Flash Control Register). When read, this is the status register. When written, this is a command register. Note that
the status bits are cleared to ’0’s when the command is written.
• FMDATA (Flash Data Register). Accepts data to be loaded into or from the flash element.
• FMADRL (Flash memory address low). Used to specify the flash element.
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Table 14-1: Flash elements accesable through IAP-Lite
Element
Address Description
UCFG1
00h
User Configuration byte 1.
Boot Vector
Status Bit
02h
03h
08h
Boot vector
Status bit byte
Security
byte 0
Security byte, sector 0
Security
byte 1
09h
0Ah
0Bh
Security byte, sector 1
Security byte, sector 2
Security byte, sector 3
Security
byte 2
Security
byte3
Mfgr Id
Id_1
10h
11h
12h
Signature byte, manufacturer id
Signature byte,id 1
Id_2
Signature byte,id 2
ERASE-PROGRAMMING ADDITIONAL FLASH ELEMENTS
The erase-program cycle takes 4ms to complete and is accomplished using the following steps:
• Write the address of the flash element to FMADRL.
• Write the CONF command (6CH) to FMCON.
• Write the data to be programmed to FMDATA.
• Read FMCON to check status. If aborted, repeat this sequence.
Writing the data to be programmed to FMDATA will start the erase-program process and place the CPU in a program-idle state.
The CPU will remain in this idle state until the erase-program cycle is either completed or terminated by an interrupt. When the
program-idle state is exited, FMCON will contain status information for the cycle.
If an interrupt occurs during an erase/programming cycle, the erase/programming cycle will be aborted and the OI flag (Opera-
tion Interrupted) in FMCON will be set. If the application permits interrupts during erasing-programming the user code should
check the OI flag (FMCON.0) after each erase-programming operation to see if the operation was aborted. If the operation was
aborted, the user’s code will need to repeat the process.
READING ADDITIONAL FLASH ELEMENTS
The read cycle is accomplished using the following steps:
• Write the address of the flash element to FMADRL.
• Write the CONF command (6CH) to FMCON.
• Read the data from FMDATA
The read cycle completes in a single machine cycle and thus will not enter an idle state. It can be interrupted. However, there is
no need to check status.
An assembly language routine to perform an erase/program operation of a flash element is shown in Figure 14-4. A similar C-
language routine is shown in Figure 14-5. A C-language routine to read a flash element is shown in Figure 14-6.
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FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY
r
;* Inputs:
*
*
*
*
*
;*
R5 = data to write(byte)
;*
R7 = element address(byte)
;* Outputs:
;* None
CONF EQU
6CH
WR_ELEM:
MOV
FMADRL,R7
FMCON,#CONF
FMDAT,R5
R7,FMCON
A,R7
;write the address
;load CONF command
;write the data
;copy status for return
;read status
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
ANL
JNZ
CLR
RET
A,#0FH
BAD
C
;save only four lower bits
;see if good or bad
;clear error flag if good
;and return
BAD:
SETB C
RET
;set error flag if bad
;and return
Figure 14-4: Assembly language routine to erase/program a flash element
unsigned char
Fm_stat;
// status result
bit PGM_EL (unsigned char, unsigned char);
bit prog_fail;
void main ()
{
prog_fail=PGM_EL(0x02,0x1C);
}
bit PGM_EL (unsigned char el_addr, unsigned char el_data)
{
#define CONF
0x6C
// access flash elements
FMADRL
FMCON = CONF;
= el_addr;
//write element address to addr reg
//load command, clears page reg
FMDATA
Fm_stat = FMCON;
= el_data;
//write
//read the result status
data and start the cycle
if ((Fm_stat & 0x0F)!=0) prog_fail=1; else prog_fail=0;
return(prog_fail);
}
Figure 14-5: C-language routine to erase/program a flash element
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FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY
#include <REG921.H>
unsigned char READ_EL (unsigned char);
unsigned char GET_EL;
void main ()
{
GET_EL = READ_EL(0x02);
}
unsigned char READ_EL (unsigned char el_addr)
{
#define CONF
0x6C
// access flash elements
unsigned char el_data;
= el_addr;
FMCON = CONF;
// local for element data
//write element address to addr reg
//access flash elements command
/read the element data
FMADRL
el_data
= FMDATA;
return(el_data);
}
Figure 14-6: C-language routine to read a flash element
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FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY
USER CONFIGURATION BYTES
A number of user-configurable features of the P89LPC906/907/908 must be defined at power-up and therefore cannot be set by
the program after start of execution. These features are configured through the use of Flash byte UCFG1 shown in Figure 14-7.
UCFG1
7
6
5
4
3
-
2
1
0
Address: xxxxh
WDTE
RPE
BOE
WDSE
FOSC2 FOSC1 FOSC0
Default: 63h
BIT
SYMBOL
FUNCTION
UCFG1.7
WDTE
Watchdog timer reset enable. When set =1, enables the watchdog timer reset. When
cleared = 0, dusables the watchdog timer reset.The timer may still be used to generate an
interrupt. Refer to Table 13-1 for details.
UCFG1.6
RPE
Reset pin enable. When set =1, enables the reset function of pin P1.5. When cleared, P1.5
may be used as an input pin. NOTE: During a power-up sequence, the RPE selection is
overriden and this pin will always functions as a reset input. After power-up the pin will
function as defined by the RPE bit. Only a power-up reset will temporarily override the
selection defined by RPE bit. Other sources of reset will not override the RPE bit.
UCFG1.5
UCFG1.4
UCFG1.3
BOE
WDSE
-
Reserved (should remain unprogrammed at zero).
UCFG1.2-0 FOSC2-FSOC0 CPU oscillator type select. See section "Low Power Select (P89LPC906)" on page 28 for
additional information. Combinations other than those shown below should not be used.
They are reserved for future use.When FOSC2:0 select either the internal RC or
Watchdog oscillators, the crystal oscillator configuration is controlled by RTCCON. See
P89LPC906.
FOSC2-FOSC0 Oscillator Configuration
1 1 1
1 0 0
0 1 1
0 1 0
0 0 1
0 0 0
External clock input on XTAL1.
Watchdog Oscillator, 400KHz (+20/ -30% tolerance).
Internal RC oscillator, 7.373MHz ±2.5%.
Low frequency crystal, 20 kHz to 100 kHz.
Medium frequency crystal or resonator, 100 kHz to 4 MHz.
High frequency crystal or resonator, 4 MHz to 12 MHz.
Factory default value for UCFG1 is set for watchdog reset disabled, reset pin enabled, brownout detect enabled, and using
the internal RC oscillator
Figure 14-7: Flash User Configuration Byte 1 (UCFG1)
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FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY
USER SECURITY BYTES
There are four User Sector Security Bytes (SEC0, ..., SEC3), each corresponding to one sector and having the following bit
assignments:
SECx
7
-
6
-
5
-
4
-
3
-
2
1
0
Address: xxxxh
EDISx
SPEDISx MOVCDISx
Unprogrammed value: 00h
BIT
SYMBOL
FUNCTION
SECx.7-3
SECx.2
-
Reserved (should remain unprogrammed at zero).
EDISx
Erase Disable x. Disables the ability to perform an erase of sector "x" in IAP mode. When
programmed, this bit and sector x can only be erased by a 'global' erase command using
a commercial programmer . This bit and sector x CANNOT be erased in IAP mode.
SECx.1
SECx.0
SPEDISx
Sector Program Erase Disable x. Disables program or erase of all or part of sector x.
This bit and sector x are erased by either a sector erase command (IAP or commercial
programmer) or a 'global' erase command (commercial programmer).
MOVCDISx
MOVC Disable. Disables the MOVC command for sector x. Any MOVC that attempts to
read a byte in a MOVC protected sector will return invalid data. This bit can only be erased
when sector x is erased.
Figure 14-8: User Sector Security Bytes (SEC0 ... SEC3)
Table 14-2: Effects of Security Bits
EDISx SPEDISx MOVCDISx
Effects on Programming
0
0
0
None.
Security violation flag set for sector CRC calculation for the specific sector. Security
violation flag set for global CRC calculation if any MOVCDISx bit is set. Cycle aborted.
Memory contents unchanged. CRC invalid. Program/erase commands will not result
in a security violation.
0
0
1
Security violation flag set for program commands or an erase page command. Cycle
aborted. Memory contents unchanged. Sector erase and global erase are allowed.
0
1
1
x
x
x
Security violation flag set for program or erase commands. Cycle aborted. Memory
contents unchanged. Global erase is allowed.
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FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY
Boot Vector
BOOTVEC
7
-
6
-
5
-
4
3
2
1
0
Address: xxxxh
BOOTV4 BOOTV3 BOOTV2 BOOTV1 BOOTV0
Factory default value: 00h
BIT
SYMBOL
FUNCTION
BOOTVEC.7-5
BOOTVEC.4-0
-
-
Reserved (should remain unprogrammed at zero).
Boot Vector. If the Boot Vector is selected as the reset address, the P89LPC906/907/908
will start execution at an address comprised of 00H in the lower eight bits and this
BOOTVEC as the upper bits after a reset. (See section "Power-On reset code execution"
Figure 14-9: Boot Vector (BOOTVEC)
Boot Status
BOOTSTAT
7
-
6
-
5
-
4
-
3
-
2
-
1
-
0
Address: xxxxh
BSB
Factory default value: 00h
BIT
SYMBOL
FUNCTION
BOOTSTAT.7-1
BOOTSTAT.0
-
Reserved (should remain unprogrammed at zero).
BSB
Boot Status Bit. If programmed to ‘1’, the P89LPC906/907/908 will always start execution
at an address comprised of 00H in the lower eight bits and BOOTVEC as the upper bits
after a reset. (See section "Power-On reset code execution" on page 71).
Figure 14-10: Boot Status (BOOTSTAT)
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INSTRUCTION SET
15. INSTRUCTION SET
Table 15-1: Instruction set summary
Mnemonic
Hex
code
Description
Bytes Cycles
ARITHMETIC
ADD A,Rn
ADD A,dir
ADD A,@Ri
ADD A,#data
ADDC A,Rn
ADDC A,dir
ADDC A,@Ri
ADDC A,#data
SUBB A,Rn
SUBB A,dir
SUBB A,@Ri
SUBB A,#data
INC A
Add register to A
Add direct byte to A
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
4
4
1
28-2F
25
Add indirect memory to A
Add immediate to A
26-27
24
Add register to A with carry
Add direct byte to A with carry
Add indirect memory to A with carry
Add immediate to A with carry
Subtract register from A with borrow
Subtract direct byte from A with borrow
Subtract indirect memory from A with borrow
Subtract immediate from A with borrow
Increment A
38-3F
35
36-37
34
98-9F
95
96-97
94
04
INC Rn
Increment register
08-0F
05
INC dir
Increment direct byte
INC @Ri
Increment indirect memory
Decrement A
06-07
14
DEC A
DEC Rn
Decrement register
18-1F
15
DEC dir
Decrement direct byte
DEC @Ri
INC DPTR
MUL AB
Decrement indirect memory
Increment data pointer
16-17
A3
Multiply A by B
A4
DIV AB
Divide A by B
84
DA A
Decimal Adjust A
D4
LOGICAL
AND register to A
ANL A,Rn
ANL A,dir
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
58-5F
55
AND direct byte to A
ANL A,@Ri
ANL A,#data
AND indirect memory to A
AND immediate to A
56-57
54
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INSTRUCTION SET
Hex
code
Mnemonic
Description
Bytes Cycles
ANL dir,A
ANL dir,#data
ORL A,Rn
ORL A,dir
ORL A,@Ri
ORL A,#data
ORL dir,A
ORL dir,#data
XRL A,Rn
XRL A,dir
XRL A, @Ri
XRL A,#data
XRL dir,A
XRL dir,#data
CLR A
AND A to direct byte
2
3
1
2
1
2
2
3
1
2
1
2
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
52
AND immediate to direct byte
OR register to A
53
48-4F
45
OR direct byte to A
OR indirect memory to A
OR immediate to A
46-47
44
OR A to direct byte
42
OR immediate to direct byte
Exclusive-OR register to A
Exclusive-OR direct byte to A
Exclusive-OR indirect memory to A
Exclusive-OR immediate to A
Exclusive-OR A to direct byte
Exclusive-OR immediate to direct byte
Clear A
43
68-6F
65
66-67
64
62
63
E4
CPL A
Complement A
F4
SWAP A
Swap Nibbles of A
C4
RL A
Rotate A left
23
RLC A
Rotate A left through carry
Rotate A right
33
RR A
03
RRC A
Rotate A right through carry
13
DATA TRANSFER
Move register to A
MOV A,Rn
MOV A,dir
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
2
E8-EF
E5
Move direct byte to A
MOV A,@Ri
MOV A,#data
MOV Rn,A
Move indirect memory to A
Move immediate to A
E6-E7
74
Move A to register
F8-FF
A8-AF
78-7F
F5
MOV Rn,dir
MOV Rn,#data
MOV dir,A
Move direct byte to register
Move immediate to register
Move A to direct byte
MOV dir,Rn
MOV dir,dir
MOV dir,@Ri
Move register to direct byte
Move direct byte to direct byte
Move indirect memory to direct byte
88-8F
85
86-87
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INSTRUCTION SET
Hex
code
Mnemonic
Description
Bytes Cycles
MOV dir,#data
MOV @Ri,A
Move immediate to direct byte
Move A to indirect memory
3
1
2
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
75
F6-F7
A6-A7
76-77
90
MOV @Ri,dir
MOV @Ri,#data
MOV DPTR,#data
MOVC A,@A+DPTR
MOVC A,@A+PC
MOVX A,@Ri
MOVX A,@DPTR
MOVX @Ri,A
MOVX @DPTR,A
PUSH dir
Move direct byte to indirect memory
Move immediate to indirect memory
Move immediate to data pointer
Move code byte relative DPTR to A
Move code byte relative PC to A
Move external data(A8) to A
Move external data(A16) to A
Move A to external data(A8)
Move A to external data(A16)
Push direct byte onto stack
93
94
E2-E3
E0
F2-F3
F0
C0
POP dir
Pop direct byte from stack
D0
XCH A,Rn
Exchange A and register
C8-CF
C5
XCH A,dir
Exchange A and direct byte
XCH A,@Ri
Exchange A and indirect memory
Exchange A and indirect memory nibble
C6-C7
D6-D7
XCHD A,@Ri
BOOLEAN
Description
Mnemonic
CLR C
Bytes Cycles Hex code
Clear carry
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
2
C3
C2
D3
D2
B3
B2
82
B0
72
A0
A2
92
CLR bit
Clear direct bit
SETB C
Set carry
SETB bit
CPL C
Set direct bit
Complement carry
Complement direct bit
AND direct bit to carry
AND direct bit inverse to carry
OR direct bit to carry
OR direct bit inverse to carry
Move direct bit to carry
Move carry to direct bit
CPL bit
ANL C,bit
ANL C,/bit
ORL C,bit
ORL C,/bit
MOV C,bit
MOV bit,C
BRANCHING
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INSTRUCTION SET
Hex
Mnemonic
Description
Bytes Cycles
code
116F1
12
ACALL addr 11
LCALL addr 16
RET
Absolute jump to subroutine
Long jump to subroutine
2
3
1
1
2
3
2
2
2
3
3
3
1
2
2
3
3
3
3
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Return from subroutine
22
RETI
Return from interrupt
32
AJMP addr 11
LJMP addr 16
SJMP rel
Absolute jump unconditional
Long jump unconditional
016E1
02
Short jump (relative address)
Jump on carry = 1
80
JC rel
40
JNC rel
Jump on carry = 0
50
JB bit,rel
Jump on direct bit = 1
20
JNB bit,rel
JBC bit,rel
JMP @A+DPTR
JZ rel
Jump on direct bit = 0
30
Jump on direct bit = 1 and clear
Jump indirect relative DPTR
Jump on accumulator = 0
Jump on accumulator ¹ 0
10
73
60
JNZ rel
70
CJNE A,dir,rel
CJNE A,#d,rel
CJNE Rn,#d,rel
CJNE @Ri,#d,rel
DJNZ Rn,rel
DJNZ dir,rel
Compare A,direct jne relative
Compare A,immediate jne relative
Compare register, immediate jne relative
Compare indirect, immediate jne relative
Decrement register, jnz relative
Decrement direct byte, jnz relative
B5
B4
B8-BF
B6-B7
D8-DF
D5
MISCELLANEOUS
NOP
No operation
1
1
00
102
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REVISION HISTORY
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INDEX
17. INDEX
A
Analog comparators 37, 73
configuration 73
configuration example 75
enabling 73
internal reference voltage 79
interrupt 74
power reduction modes 74
Analog comparators and power reduction 37
B
Block diagram 9
BRGCON
writing to 23
Brownout detection 53
enabling and disabling 53
operating range 53
options 54
rise and fall times of Vdd 53
C
CLKLP 28
Clock
CPU clock 25
CPU divider (DIVM) 28, 29
definitions 25
external input option 27
PCLK 25
RCCLK 25
wakeup delay 27
Clock output 26
D
Data EEPROM
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INDEX
Dual Data Pointers 87
F
Boot Status 98
Boot Vector 98
features 89
hardware activation of the boot loader 71
power-on reset code execution 71
I
IAP programming 89
Interrupts 35
arbitration ranking 31
external input pin glitch suppression 32
external inputs 31
keypad 32
priority structure 31
wake-up from power-down 32
Interrutps
edge-triggered 32
ISP programming 89
K
Keypad interrupt (KBI) 79
L
Low power (CLKLP) 28
M
Memory
Code 24
Data 24
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INDEX
FLASH code 89
organization 24
O
Oscillator
high speed crystal option 25, 26
low speed crystal option 25
medium speed crystal option 25
R-C option 26
watchdog (WDT) option 26
P
Pin configuration 7
Port 0 12, 13, 14
Port 3 12
Ports
additional features 38
I/O 35
input only configuration 37
open drain output configuration 36
Port 0 analog functions 37
Port 2 in 20-pin package 37
push-pull output configuration 37
quasi-bidirectional output configuration 35
Power monitoring functions 71
Power reduction modes 54
normal mode 55
power down mode (partial) 55
Power-down mode (total) 55
Power-on detection 54
R
Real time clock 47
clock sources 47
interrupt/wake up 50
Reset 71
enabling the external reset input pin 71, 96
software reset 87
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INDEX
S
P89LPC906/907/908
SFR
AUXR1 87
BRGCON 61
CMPn 73
KBCON 77
KBMASK 78
KBPATN 77
PCON 56
PCONA 57
RSTSRC 72
RTCCON 51
SCON 62
SSTAT 63
TAMOD 42
TCON 43
TMOD 41
TRIM 26, 27, 91
UCFG1 96
WDCON 81
SFRs
undefined locations, use of 15
Special Function Registers (SFR) table 15, 18, 21
T
Timer/counters 41
mode 0 42
mode 1 42
mode 2 (8-bit auto reload) 42
mode 3 (seperates TL0 & TH0) 43
mode 6 (8-bit PWM) 43
toggle output 45
TRIM (SFR)
power-on reset value 23
U
UART 59
automatic address recognition 68
baud rate generator 60
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INDEX
double buffering in 9-bit mode 67
double buffering in different modes 66
framing error 61, 65
mode 0 63
mode 0 (shift register) 59
mode 1 64
mode 1 (8-bit variable baud rate) 59
mode 2 65
mode 2 (9-bit fixed baud rate) 59
mode 3 65
mode 3 (9-bit variable baud rate) 59
multiprocessor communications 68
status register 63
transmit interrupts with double buffering enabled (modes 1, 2 and 3) 66
W
Watchdog timer 79
feed sequence 80
timer mode 83
watchdog function 79
watchdog timeout values 82
WDCLK = 0 and CPU power down 84
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Definitions
Short-form specification — The data in a short-form specification is extracted from a full data sheet with the same type number and title. For detailed information see
the relevant data sheet or data handbook.
Limitingvaluesdefinition— Limiting values given are in accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 60134). Stress above one or more of the limiting
values may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and operation of the device at these or at any other conditions above those given
in the Characteristics sections of the specification is not implied. Exposure to limiting values for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Application information — Applications that are described herein for any of these products are for illustrative purposes only. Philips Semiconductors make no
representation or warranty that such applications will be suitable for the specified use without further testing or modification.
Disclaimers
Life support — These products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices, or systems where malfunction of these products can reasonably be
expected to result in personal injury. Philips Semiconductors customers using or selling these products for use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree
to fully indemnify Philips Semiconductors for any damages resulting from such application.
Right to make changes — Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to make changes in the products—including circuits, standard cells, and/or software—described
or contained herein in order to improve design and/or performance. When the product is in full production (status ‘Production’), relevant changes will be communicated
viaaCustomerProduct/ProcessChangeNotification(CPCN).PhilipsSemiconductorsassumesnoresponsibilityorliabilityfortheuseofanyoftheseproducts,conveys
nolicenseortitleunderanypatent, copyright, ormaskworkrighttotheseproducts, andmakesnorepresentationsorwarrantiesthattheseproductsarefreefrompatent,
copyright, or mask work right infringement, unless otherwise specified.
Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2003
Contact information
All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.
For additional information please visit
http://www.semiconductors.philips.com.
Fax: +31 40 27 24825
Date of release: 12-03
9397 750 12491
For sales offices addresses send e-mail to:
Document order number:
Philips
Semiconductors
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